
TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1
T1  - Treatment of mild hypertension 21
A1  - Fodor JG,Chockalingam A.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00081383 IN - Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Review
KW  - *Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Nitrendipine/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Consensus
KW  - control
KW  - controversies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diastolic Blood Pressure
KW  - Double-Blind Method
KW  - drug treatment
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Hypertension/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Incidence
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pharmacotherapy
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Vol
EP  - 8
JF  - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
N2  - The mortality of males and females increases two-fold with increasing diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from 83 to 102 mm Hg. There is a corresponding significant increase in cardiovascular morbidity. While there is a general consensus about the need for drug treatment for those patients with DBP of 100 mm Hg or more, there is a controversy as to the justification of pharmacotherapy in the DBP range of 90-100 mm Hg. The arguments against drug treatment of patients with sustained mild hypertension with DBP less than 100 mm Hg rest on results of the large scale clinical trials, which have shown only modest benefit, not commensurate with the risks and inconveniences of pharmacotherapy. Critical appraisal of trials conducted in the past decade suggest a good efficacy of treatment of mild hypertension. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that hypertension is not a symptomless well-being. The inconveniences and side effects of treatment could be greatly reduced with lower doses and selective application of the most appropriate drugs. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of 80 patients with mild hypertension, 10-20 mg of nitrendipine once a day was an efficacious blood pressure lowering treatment with no significant difference in the incidence of side effects compared to a placebo-treated control group
SN  - 0160-2446 <22>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2
T1  - Clinical study comparing acupuncture, physiotherapy, injection and oral anti-inflammatory therapy in shoulder-cuff lesions 57
A1  - Berry,H.
Y1  - 1980///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00023925 PT - Clinical Trial. Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal Article
KW  - *Acupuncture Therapy/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Physical Therapy Modalities/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Pyrroles/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Tolmetin/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Drug Therapy,Combination
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Movement/de [Drug Effects]
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Prednisolone/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Scales
KW  - Shoulder Joint
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Steroid
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Ultrasound
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
EP  - 126
JF  - Current medical research and opinion
IS  - 2
N2  - In a single-blind trial, five treatments for painful stiff shoulder were compared for a 4-week assessment period in 60 patients. The treatments were acupuncture, steroid injection with placebo and with active tolmetin sodium, physiotherapy in the form of ultrasound and 'placebo' physiotherapy with placebo tolmetin sodium. Objective assessment was gained by use of goniometer readings to monitor shoulder abduction. Pain was measured by visual analogue scales and by a 4-point scale. Comparative assessment was also recorded and at the end of the study a success or failure was recorded for each patient's treatment. With very few exceptions all patients improved markedly, both in terms of the subjective and objective parameters. No differences between the treatments were detected. The incidence and severity of side-effects was low. It is suggested that the results show that the painful stiff shoulder may be a self-limiting condition and that any beneficial effect was really due to natural recovery. This is an important consideration because patients do not always receive immediate attention when referred to an out-patient department and the use of physiotherapy and acupuncture in such cases, perhaps, should be critically examined
SN  - 0300-7995 <58>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 3
T1  - Assessment of radiologic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial 48
A1  - Fries JF,Bloch DA,Sharp JT,McShane DJ,Spitz
Y1  - 1986/01//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00041548 PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Arthritis,Rheumatoid/ra [Radiography]
KW  - *Arthrography/mt [Methods]
KW  - Arthritis
KW  - Arthritis,Rheumatoid/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Arthrography/ec [Economics]
KW  - Arthrography/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cost
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experience Level
KW  - film
KW  - Films
KW  - Hand/ra [Radiography]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - Research Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
KW  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
JF  - Arthritis and rheumatism
IS  - 1
N2  - Radiologic assessment of progressive joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis is generally considered to be the ultimate standard for evaluation of treatment. We compared alternative radiologic techniques by performing a randomized, controlled trial in which hand films of rheumatoid arthritis patients were read by several skilled observes. The number of joints evaluated (34 versus 18) was found to make relatively little difference, but the number of readers and their experience level was critical. Films should be read in pairs. Joint space narrowing and erosion scores were shown to contribute independent information. Use of recommended techniques can reduce the number of patients required and, thus, can reduce the cost of a clinical trial by more than half and can substantially increase the sensitivity and efficiency of a trial. Therefore, critical selection of the method of assessing study endpoint is of great importance
SN  - 0004-3591 <49>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 4
T1  - [The treatment of hypertensive crisis with nifedipine as the basis] 34
A1  - Cristodorescu,R.
Y1  - 1989/11//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00069248 OT - Tratamentul crizei hipertensive cu nifedipina in teren PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Hypertension,Renal/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Nifedipine/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Administration,Sublingual
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Blood Pressure/de [Drug Effects]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clonidine/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - control
KW  - Drug Therapy,Combination
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Treatment
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Furosemide
KW  - Furosemide/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Hypertension,Renal/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Hypertension/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Hypotension
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nifedipine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Risk
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Time Factors <35>
KW  - Treatment
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 529
EP  - 538
JF  - Revista de medicina interna, neurologe, psihiatrie, neurochirurgie, dermato-venerologie
VL  - Medicina
IS  - 6
N2  - In 48 patients (p) with hypertensive crisis (HC) the effect of nifedipine (N) sublingual 10-20 mg alone (group I, n = 19, mean control AH +/- SD 232 +/- 15.3/132.5 +/- 4.9 mmHg) or associated with furosemide and clonidine (group II, n = 29, AT 249 +/- 21/131.8 +/- 13.6 mmHg). In both groups the AT fell significantly starting five minutes after the administration of N (except diastolic AT in group II); the values measured at 45 min. being 177 +/- 32/105.4 +/- 13 mmHg in group I and 164.6 +/- 44.4/100.1 +/- 16.3 mmHg in group II (the mean proportional difference at 45 min. for systolic AT was 24.6 +/- 11.4% in group I and 28.7 +/- 12.2% in group II; for diastolic AT 20.5 +/- 9.4% in group I, and 27 +/- 12.2% for group II). The good clinical results consisted of lowering of the AT values below critical levels and clinical improvement in 42 p (87.5%). Tolerance to N was good, in a single case was hypotension associated with fainting, both being promptly treated by simple means. CONCLUSIONS. 1. N administered sublingual, 10-20 mg, alone or associated with furosemide has in most patients a rapid hypotensive effect, lowering AT below critical limits within 45 min; 2. the drug is readily administered and without the risk of side effects and can be used in the field in the emergency treatment of hypertension
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 5
T1  - The effect of a medical journal club on residents' knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics 179
A1  - Langkamp DL,Pascoe JM,Nelson DB
Y1  - 1992/09//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00087484 IN - Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Article
KW  - Biometry
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 528
EP  - 530
JF  - Family Medicine
IS  - 7
N2  - BACKGROUND: We performed a prospective controlled trial of a monthly journal club to determine if it would increase pediatric residents' knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics. METHODS: Intervention residents received two didactic sessions before the journal club started. Eight monthly journal club sessions followed. Pediatric residents at another institution served as controls. Intervention and control residents completed a pre- and post-test on clinical epidemiology and biostatistics. RESULTS: Neither the intervention nor the control group showed a significant change in test scores over the 9-month period. CONCLUSION: A more intensive and more structured approach is needed to effectively teach clinical epidemiology and biostatistics to residents
SN  - 0742-3225 <180>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 6
T1  - Accuracy of infrared ear thermometry and traditional temperature methods in young children 71
A1  - Erickson RS,Woo TM
Y1  - 1994/05//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00103148 IN - School of Nursing, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098 PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Body Temperature/ph [Physiology]
KW  - *Ear Canal/ph [Physiology]
KW  - *Fever/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Thermometers/st [Standards]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Axilla/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Bladder/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Catheter
KW  - Catheters,Indwelling
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Ear
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infrared Rays
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Rectum/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Thermometers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 181
EP  - 195
JF  - Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of ear-based, rectal, and axillary temperature measurements in comparison to bladder temperature as a core reference. DESIGN: Repeated-measures comparison study. SETTINGS: Pediatric critical care settings in two tertiary care hospitals. PATIENTS: Thirty children, 1 to 45 months old (mean 16.6 months), who required bladder catheters for their care. OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation and agreement (mean offset +/- SD) of ear-based, rectal, and axillary temperature measurements with bladder temperature. PROCEDURE: Ear-based measurements were made with three infrared thermometers in the core mode, both with and without an ear tug. All six readings were made in the same ear in randomized order. Bladder, rectal, and axillary temperatures were read from continuous digital displays immediately after each ear-based measurement. RESULTS: Ear-based readings correlated relatively well with bladder temperature (r = 0.80 to 0.87), but were lower by means of -0.3 degrees to -0.7 degrees C with moderately high variation (SD = 0.4 degrees to 0.5 degrees C) between children. Use of an ear tug did not affect the readings. Rectal temperature correlated well with bladder values (r = 0.93 to 0.97) and was usually slightly higher (mean offset = 0.2 +/- 0.2 [SD] degrees C), while axillary temperature correlated rather poorly (r = 0.59 to 0.64), with much lower and more variable readings (mean offset = 0.9 degrees +/- 0.6 degrees C). In regard to sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in screening for fever, rectal readings performed very well, ear-based readings moderately well with some variation, and axillary readings poorly. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the additive core-mode adjustments in infrared ear thermometers are too low for young children, an ear tug is not an essential part of measurement technique, rectal temperature closely reflects bladder temperature, and axillary temperature is low and highly variable
SN  - 0147-9563 <72>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 7
T1  - A controlled trial of a seminar to improve medical student attitudes toward, knowledge about, and use of the medical literature 70
A1  - Landry FJ,Pangaro L.
Y1  - 1994/08//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00106736 IN - Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington 98431-5000 PT - Clinical Trial. Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal Article
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Female
KW  - Goals
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Support,U.S.Gov't,Non-P.H.S.
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods] <71>
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 436
EP  - 439
JF  - Journal of general internal medicine : official journal of the Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine
IS  - 8
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an interactive seminar could affect medical student knowledge of research design, basic critical appraisal skills, and attitudes toward and clinical use of the medical literature. DESIGN: Controlled, nonrandomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Third-year clinical clerks (n = 146) during their core medicine clerkship. INTERVENTIONS: Two 90-minute interactive seminars. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pre- and postquestionnaires were used to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of the medical literature among 65 study and 81 control students. Blinded review of write-ups assessed actual use of the medical literature. Overall, 80% of the students subscribed to one or more journals and reported reading three or more journal articles per month. After the intervention, the study students were more likely than the control students to consider: 1) study design important in article selection and 2) use of medical literature critical to patient care decisions. Knowledge scores were significantly improved in the study group (p = 0.0001). The intervention yielded no increase in the actual use of medical literature in patient write-ups over that encouraged by usual clerkship goals. 51% of the study and 48% of the control students cited literature at baseline, and 53% of all the students did so after the intervention. Of these citations, 50% were for journal articles and the remainder were for textbooks. The students infrequently mentioned the quality of the cited literature. CONCLUSIONS: An interactive seminar designed to introduce medical students to critical appraisal improved student knowledge and attitudes but did not increase the actual use of literature in patient write-ups
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 8
T1  - The relationship between critical thinking and how time is structured in the clinical setting for students in a baccalaureate nursing program 80
A1  - Graham,M.E.
Y1  - 1995/11//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00128250 PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - form
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Management
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 149
EP  - 157
JF  - The ABNF journal : official journal of the Association of Black Nursing Faculty in Higher Education, Inc
IS  - 6
N2  - This experimental study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and how time is structured in the clinical setting. A total of 93 respondents completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (CTA) Form: 35 in the comparison group, 29 in the 2-hour/8-hour clinical groups, and 29 in the 5-hour/5-hour clinical groups. Results of the ANOVA test shows that, at Time 1, students in the comparison group had the lowest mean score (9.23) and the 2-hour/8-hour clinical groups had the highest mean score (10.94), suggesting that the three groups were not equal at Time 1 in terms of their critical thinking ability. Nevertheless, the within subjects effects shows that while all three groups indicate positive Time 1-Time 2 changes, only the 5-hour/5-hour groups show a substantial degree of improvement (10.04 to 10.75), i.e., the study groups x time interaction effect is significant (p < .001). This pattern of significance between subjects effects and differential changes in CTA scores over time, with the 5-hour/5-hour groups showing the largest degree of change is consistent among the fine sub-component of the Watson-Glaser Scale. Students in the 5-hour/5-hour groups showed the most improvement in their scores in the area of Interpretation and Evaluation of arguments which was 9.55 at Time 1 and 10.52 at Time 2
SN  - 1046-7041 <81>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 9
T1  - Dialogical-thinking reading lessons: promoting critical thinking among "learning-disabled" students. Technical report no. 553 163
A1  - Commeyras,Michelle and And Others
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00241245
KW  - classroom
KW  - Coding
KW  - competency
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - data
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - instruction
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Thinking
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - for
JF  - Illinois Univ
VL  - Center
N2  - A study investigated whether reading instruction that emphasizes critical thinking would benefit "learning-disabled" fifth-grade students. Seven students were assigned to an instructional group that participated in a program of 10 dialogical-thinking reading lessons and 7 were assigned to a comparison group that remained with the classroom teacher and completed regular classroom assignments. The instructional group was involved in reading a story and discussing a central issue. Students considered two alternative conclusions regarding the central issue, identified reasons to support each hypothesis, and evaluated the truth and relevance of each reason. Reading comprehension and critical-thinking tests were administered to both groups and both particpated in a base-line and post-dialogical in a base-line and post-dialogical-thinking reading lesson. Results indicated that: (1) on the post-dialogical-thinking reading lessons, the instructional group arrived at proportionately more valid reasons and gave more comprehensive final conclusions regarding the central issue than did the comparison group; (2) there was no evidence of improvement on the paper and pencil tests of reading comprehension and critical thinking for either group; and (3) comparing the students' performance on paper and pencil tests with their performance in discussion settings revealed significantly differing views of competency. Findings suggest that assessing "learning-disabled" students' reading and thinking should be re-examined from a contextualist perspective, and that "learning-disabled" students should receive reading instruction that calls for critical thinking. (Five tables of data, 2 figures representing test items, and a list of answers to one central question are included; 43 references and the coding system for analyzing dialogical-thinking reading lesson transcripts are attached.) (Author/RS) [By permission, ERIC Processing and Reference Facility, US Department of Education]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 10
T1  - Use of the READER method of critical appraisal in general practice [letter; author's reply] 121
A1  - MacAuley,D.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00259638
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - General Practice
KW  - practice
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Vol
JF  - BMJ
SN  - 0959-8138 <122>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 11
T1  - "Structural factor" in primary and secondary hypertension 156
A1  - Folkow,B.
Y1  - 1990///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00293264 PT - Journal Article
KW  - Animals
KW  - Antihypertensive Therapy
KW  - Article
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Hemodynamics
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - media
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Quantitative Studies
KW  - Quantitative Study
KW  - Rat
KW  - Research
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 89
EP  - 101
JF  - Hypertension
IS  - 1
N2  - The history of research on the "structural factor" in primary hypertension is briefly reviewed, and the gradual realization of its important influence on the hemodynamics of hypertension is outlined, as seen from a "personal angle." Experiences from previous studies of normal vascular function in animals were decisive for our first hemodynamic demonstration concerning the "structural upward resetting" of the systemic resistance vessels in human primary hypertension. Subsequent quantitative studies in rats with primary and secondary hypertension complemented these studies, confirming that the critical structural changes are a rapid increase in precapillary resistance at full dilatation associated with an increase in wall/lumen ratio due mainly to media hypertrophy and occurring in both primary and renal hypertension. Analyses were also performed concerning cardiac, barostat, and venous structural resettings, which are briefly mentioned. In our first studies of human primary hypertension, we suggested that the structural factor might itself be genetically reinforced, and increasing evidence in favor of this view is now accumulating. It is further discussed how antihypertensive therapy should be directed primarily against the structural upward resetting, as dependent on the local pressure and "trophic" influences, and some of our results in rat models are outlined. Finally, as the structural factor at the systemic resistance level also invites positive feedback interactions with functional "pressor" influences, it is, in a way, more difficult to explain why 85-90% of people remain normotensive than how hypertension gradually develops in 10-15% of people. This points to some powerful and durable negative feedbacks, which are still poorly understood, because most so far known barostats are readily reset upward in hypertension. It is here that the Muirhead renomedullary depressor system, and perhaps also the unmyelinated baroreceptor-volume receptor afferents, may be of particular importance
SN  - 0194-911X <157>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 12
T1  - Meta-analysis as a guide to clinical practice. [Review] 155
A1  - Swales,J.D.
Y1  - 1993///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00294589 PT - Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Error
KW  - form
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Vol
EP  - S63
JF  - Journal of Hypertension - Supplement
N2  - BACKGROUND: Meta-analysis is now widely used in order to increase the power of individual clinical studies. Important far-reaching conclusions have been derived by pooling the results of studies which in isolation would not be large enough to reach definitive conclusions. While the statistical power is thereby amplified, so is the potential for error. OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential and the pitfalls of meta-analysis as a guide to clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions derived from meta-analysis may be influenced by unrecognized selection bias and heterogeneity of studies included. Publication of the results may be in a form which does not lend itself readily to critical analysis and misleading results may therefore be accepted. [References: 24]
SN  - 0952-1178 <156>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 13
T1  - Impact of a medical journal club on house-staff reading habits, knowledge, and critical appraisal skills. A randomized control trial 135
A1  - Linzer,M.
Y1  - 1988///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00369258 PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2537
JF  - JAMA.Vol.294(11)()(pp 1333-1342), 2005.Date of Publication: 21 SEP 2005.
J1  - JAMA
IS  - 17
N2  - Abstract The journal club is an established teaching modality in many house-staff training programs. To determine if a journal club improves house-staff reading habits, knowledge of epidemiology and biostatistics, and critical appraisal skills, we randomized 44 medical interns to receive either a journal club or a control seminar series. A test instrument developed by the Delphi method was administered before and after the interventions (mean, five journal club sessions). By self-report, 86% of the house staff in the journal club group improved their reading habits vs 0% in the control group. Knowledge scores increased more in the journal club group than in the control group, and a trend was found toward more knowledge gained as more sessions were attended. Ability to appraise critically a test article increased slightly in each group, but there was no significant difference between the groups. We conclude that a journal club is a powerful motivator of critical house-staff reading behavior and can help teach epidemiology and biostatistics to physicians-in-training
SN  - 1538-3598 <136>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 14
T1  - Calcium oxalate nucleation, growth and aggregation in undiluted urine of healthy controls and patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis evaluated by a one-time small-volume test procedure effects of alkali citrate 115
A1  - Fan,J.
Y1  - 1995///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00398807 OT - BEWERTUNG VON CALCIUMOXALAT-NUKLEATION, -WACHSTUN UND -AGGREGATION IN UNVERDUNNTEM URIN VON GESUNDEN KONTROLLPERSONEN UND PATIENTEN MIT IDIOPATHISCHER REZIDIVIERENDER CALCIUM-UROLITHIASIS MITTELS EINES EINZEITIGEN TESTS IN KLEINEN PROBENVOLUMINA - WIRKUNGEN VON ALKALI-CITRAT PT - Journal: Article
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Calcium
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Image Analysis
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Male
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Sample
KW  - Software
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - values
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 139
EP  - 144
JF  - Klinisches Labor
IS  - 3
N2  - A test procedure is described for the evaluation of calcium oxalate crystallization in small sample volumes (0.5 ml) of undiluted postprandial urine from male subjects [healthy volunteers without stones; patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis (RCU)]. In addition, the more specific effect of citrate upon crystallization in vitro was studied, as well as crystallization after a 3-month treatment period of RCU with two preparations of alkali citrate. The test permits the determination not only of tolerable oxalate (synonymous with nucleation, i.e., oxalate concentration with occurrence of light microscopically visible crystals), but also of crystal growth (expressed as the diameter of the largest crystals developing within the 30 min post-nucleation period), and of the time elapsing until crystal aggregation commences. Except for the commercially available image analysis software, the test employs instrumentation and technologies which are routinely available in the majority of clinical laboratories; leaving out of consideration the prior preparation period, the duration of the test proper is 70 - 80 minutes. In untreated RCU patients tolerable oxalate is reduced, crystal growth enhanced, and aggregation time shortened as compared with stone-free healthy controls, all differences being significant. With respect to the crystal growth there was no overlap of RCU and the control group. For these changes in RCU, a somewhat more marked prior (before addition of oxalate to urine) calcium oxalate supersaturation was not responsible, as shown by the crystallization data of a second group of RCU and controls with almost identical supersaturation. The most likely critical factor is the prevailing concentration of urinary citrate, since this was low, and addition of citrate to urine resulted in a reduction in number, size and aggregation of crystals. Prior treatment of RCU over 3 months with either potassium citrate or potassium-sodium citrate, normalizes calcium oxalate crystallization, whereas discontinuation of the medication results in pathological values otherwise seen in untreated RCU (see above). The data allow the conclusion that the test is practicable, readily reproducible, sensitive, and economical in terms of the cost-benefit ratio. Its use for the long-term treatment of RCU patients and in urolithiasis research would appear justified
SN  - 0941-2131 <116>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 15
T1  - A critical appraisal of the reporting of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (II and III) of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury 39
A1  - Coleman WP,Benzel D.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00372186 IN - WPCMath, Annapolis, Maryland 21401, USA PT - Clinical Trial. Controlled Clinical Trial. Guideline. Journal Article
KW  - *Methylprednisolone/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - *Spinal Cord Injuries/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Acute Disease
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Computer Security
KW  - Consensus
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - England
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Market
KW  - Maryland
KW  - media
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - New England
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Population
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Secondary Analysis
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - spinal cord injury
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - United States Food and Drug Administration
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 185
EP  - 199
JF  - Journal of spinal disorders
IS  - 3
N2  - From the beginning, the reporting of the results of National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (NASCIS) II and III has been incomplete, leaving clinicians in the spinal cord injury (SCI) community to use or avoid using methylprednisolone in acute SCI on the basis of faith rather than a publicly developed scientific consensus. NASCIS II was initially reported by National Institutes of Health announcements, National Institutes of Health facsimiles to emergency room physicians, and the news media. The subsequent report in the New England Journal of Medicine implied that there was a positive result in the primary efficacy analysis for the entire 487 patient sample. However, this analysis was in fact negative, and the positive result was found only in a secondary analysis of the subgroup of patients who received treatment within 8 hours. In addition, that subgroup apparently had only 62 patients taking methylprednisolone and 67 receiving placebo. The NASCIS II and III reports embody specific choices of statistical methods that have strongly shaped the reporting of results but have not been adequately challenged or or even explained. These studies show statistical artifacts that call their results into question. In NASCIS II, the placebo group treated before 8 hours did poorly, not only when compared with the methylprednisolone group treated before 8 hours but even when compared with the placebo group treated after 8 hours. Thus, the positive result may have been caused by a weakness in the control group rather than any strength of methylprednisolone. In NASCIS III, a randomization imbalance occurred that allocated a disproportionate number of patients with no motor deficit (and therefore no chance for recovery) to the lower dose control group. When this imbalance is controlled for, much of the superiority of the higher dose group seems to disappear. The NASCIS group's decision to admit persons with minor SCIs with minimal or no motor deficit not only enables statistical artifacts it complicates the interpretation of results from the population actually sampled. Perhaps one half of the NASCIS III sample may have had at most a minor deficit. Thus, we do not know whether the results of these studies reflect the severely injured population to which they have been applied. The numbers, tables, and figures in the published reports are scant and are inconsistently defined, making it impossible even for professional statisticians to duplicate the analyses, to guess the effect of changes in assumptions, or to supply the missing parts of the picture. Nonetheless, even 9 years after NASCIS II, the primary data have not been made public. The reporting of the NASCIS studies has fallen far short of the guidelines of the ICH/FDA and of the Evidence-based Medicine Group. Despite the lucrative "off label" markets for methylprednisolone in SCI, no Food and Drug Association indication has been obtained. There has been no public process of validation. These shortcomings have denied physicians the chance to use confidently a drug that many were enthusiastic about and has left them in an intolerably ambiguous position in their therapeutic choices, in their legal exposure, and in their ability to perform further research to help their patients
SN  - 0895-0385 <40>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 16
T1  - Critical appraisal turkey shoot: linking critical appraisal to clinical decision making 56
A1  - Neville AJ,Reiter HI,Eva KW,Norman GR
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00331806 IN - Department of Psychology, McMaster University Faculty of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - psychology
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Single-Blind Method
KW  - Thinking <57>
KW  - Turkey
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S87
EP  - S89
JF  - Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
IS  - 10 Suppl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 17
T1  - Teaching residents evidence-based medicine skills: a controlled trial of effectiveness and assessment of durability 81
A1  - Smith CA,Ganschow PS,Reilly BM,Evans AT,McNutt RA,Osei
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00372596 IN - Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital and Rush Medical College, Chicago, Ill. 60612, USA. csmith8@rush.edu PT - Clinical Trial. Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal Article
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - formulation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Performance
KW  - Public Hospital
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric <82>
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 710
EP  - 715
JF  - Journal of general internal medicine : official journal of the Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To measure the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to teach residents four essential evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills: question formulation, literature searching, understanding quantitative outcomes, and critical appraisal. DESIGN: Firm-based, controlled trial. SETTING: Urban public hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five first-year internal medicine residents: 18 in the experimental group and 37 in the control group. INTERVENTION: An EBM course, taught 2 hours per week for 7 consecutive weeks by senior faculty and chief residents focusing on the four essential EBM skills. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcome measure was performance on an EBM skills test that was administered four times over 11 months: at baseline and at three time points postcourse. Postcourse test 1 assessed the effectiveness of the intervention in the experimental group (primary outcome]; postcourse test 2 assessed the control group after it crossed over to receive the intervention; and postcourse test 3 assessed durability. Baseline EBM skills were similar in the two groups. After receiving the EBM course, the experimental group achieved significantly higher postcourse test scores (adjusted mean difference, 21%; 95% confidence interval, 13% to 28%; P < .001). Postcourse improvements were noted in three of the four EBM skill domains (formulating questions, searching, and quantitative understanding [P < .005 for all], but not in critical appraisal skills [P = .4]). After crossing over to receive the educational intervention, the control group achieved similar improvements. Both groups sustained these improvements over 6 to 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A brief structured educational intervention produced substantial and durable improvements in residents' cognitive and technical EBM skills
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 18
T1  - A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treating community-acquired pneumonia: the CAPITAL study. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin 111
A1  - Feagan,B.G.
Y1  - 2001/07//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00373249 IN - University of Western Ontario, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Multicenter Study. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Anti-Infective Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Community-Acquired Infections/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Critical Pathways/ec [Economics]
KW  - *Hospitalization/ec [Economics]
KW  - *Ofloxacin/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Pneumonia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Administration,Oral
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anti-Infective Agents/ec [Economics]
KW  - Anti-Infective Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Antibiotic Therapy
KW  - Article
KW  - Bed
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - Community-Acquired Infections/cl [Classification]
KW  - Community-Acquired Infections/ec [Economics]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Discharge
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injections,Intravenous
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay/ec [Economics]
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Ofloxacin/ec [Economics]
KW  - Ofloxacin/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Pneumonia/cl [Classification]
KW  - Pneumonia/ec [Economics]
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Readmission
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - Short Form 36
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 89S
EP  - 94S
JF  - Pharmacotherapy
IS  - 7 Pt 2
N2  - Recent clinical trials in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) demonstrated that switching from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy is safe once clinical improvement is evident, thereby facilitating early hospital discharge. This study evaluated the use of a critical pathway to improve the efficiency of treating CAP in 1743 patients at 19 teaching and community hospitals in Canada. Hospitals were randomized to continue conventional management of CAP (10 hospitals) or implement a critical pathway (9 hospitals). The main clinical outcome measure was patients' scores (assessed 6 wks after hospital presentation) on the Short-Form 36 Physical Component Summary, a quality-of-life questionnaire. Secondary clinical outcome measures included occurrence of complications, readmission rates, and mortality. The primary economic outcome measure was resource utilization, measured by the number of bed days/patient managed (BDPM). Clinical outcomes were good in both groups, with no significant differences between the two management strategies. However, use of the clinical pathway was associated with a 1.7-day reduction in BDPM and fewer admissions of low-risk patients
SN  - 0277-0008 <112>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 19
T1  - Randomised controlled trial of a theoretically grounded tailored intervention to diffuse evidence-based public health practice [ISRCTN23257060] 172
A1  - Forsetlund,L.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00469060 IN - Directorate for Health and Social Affairs, Postbox 8054 Dep, 0031 Oslo, Norway. louise.forsetlund@shdir.no PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Integration
KW  - intervention
KW  - Job Satisfaction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Letter
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health <173>
KW  - Public Health Practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - Scales
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Study
KW  - values
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Vol
JF  - BMC medical education [electronic resource]
N2  - BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that Norwegian public health physicians do not systematically and explicitly use scientific evidence in their practice. They work in an environment that does not encourage the integration of this information in decision-making. In this study we investigate whether a theoretically grounded tailored intervention to diffuse evidence-based public health practice increases the physicians' use of research information. METHODS: 148 self-selected public health physicians were randomised to an intervention group (n = 73) and a control group (n = 75). The intervention group received a multifaceted intervention while the control group received a letter declaring that they had access to library services. Baseline assessments before the intervention and post-testing immediately at the end of a 1.5-year intervention period were conducted. The intervention was theoretically based and consisted of a workshop in evidence-based public health, a newsletter, access to a specially designed information service, to relevant databases, and to an electronic discussion list. The main outcome measure was behaviour as measured by the use of research in different documents. RESULTS: The intervention did not demonstrate any evidence of effects on the objective behaviour outcomes. We found, however, a statistical significant difference between the two groups for both knowledge scores: Mean difference of 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2-0.6) in the score for knowledge about EBM-resources and mean difference of 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0-0.3) in the score for conceptual knowledge of importance for critical appraisal. There were no statistical significant differences in attitude-, self-efficacy-, decision-to-adopt- or job-satisfaction scales. There were no significant differences in Cochrane library searching after controlling for baseline values and characteristics. CONCLUSION: Though demonstrating effect on knowledge the study failed to provide support for the hypothesis that a theory-based multifaceted intervention targeted at identified barriers will change professional behaviour
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 20
T1  - Learning critical appraisal in a medical house staff clinic 148
A1  - Hayward,R.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00467058
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Staff
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Vol
JF  - Clinical Research
SN  - 0009-9279 <149>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 21
T1  - Teaching Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (EBCAM); changing behaviours in the face of reticence: a cross-over trial 132
A1  - Mills E,Hollyer
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00470281 IN - Department of Research, The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, North York, Canada. emills@ccnm.edu PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Complementary Therapies/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Complementary Therapies/px [Psychology]
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross-Over Studies
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - intervention program
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Naturopathy
KW  - Paper
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - Self Concept <133>
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Vol
JF  - BMC medical education [electronic resource]
N2  - BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of teaching critical appraisal to students of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has not been studied. In this study we attempt to determine if a workshop for final year students at a naturopathic college improved their ability to utilize critical appraisal concepts. METHODS: We assigned 83 Naturopathic Interns to two groups: Group A (n = 47) or Group B (n = 36). We conducted a baseline assessment of all subjects' critical appraisal skills. Group A was assigned to receive a 3(1/2) hour workshop on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and Group B received a workshop on bioethics (control intervention). The groups critical appraisal skills were re-evaluated at this time. We then crossed over the intervention so that Group B received the EBM workshop while Group A received the bioethics workshop. Assessment of critical appraisal skills of the two groups was again performed. RESULTS: The students mean scores were similar in Group A (14.8) and Group B (15.0) after Group A had received the intervention and Group B had received the control (p = 0.75). Group scores were not significantly improved at the end of the trial compared to at the beginning of the study (Group A: 15.1 to 16.1) (Group B 15.6 to 15.9). Student's confidence in reading research papers also did not improve throughout the course of the study. CONCLUSION: The final year is a difficult but important time to teach critical appraisal and evidence skills. Single, short intervention programs will likely yield negligible results. A multi-factorial approach may be better suited to implementing EBCAM than single short interventions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 22
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal and application of medical literature to clinical problem-solving 152
A1  - Radack KL,Valanis B.
Y1  - 1986///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00467099
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 329
EP  - 331
JF  - Journal of Medical Education
IS  - 4
SN  - 0022-2577 <153>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 23
T1  - A controlled trial of teaching critical appraisal of the clinical literature to medical students 154
A1  - nett KJ,Sackett D.
Y1  - 1987///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00467021
KW  - appraisal
KW  - clinical literature
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2451
EP  - 2454
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Association
IS  - 18
SN  - 0098-7484 <155>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 24
T1  - Teaching residents to read the medical literature: a controlled trial of a curriculum in critical appraisal/clinical epidemiology 151
A1  - Kitchens JM,Pfeifer M.P.
Y1  - 1989///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00467069
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Resident
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 384
EP  - 387
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
IS  - 5
SN  - 0884-8734 <152>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 25
T1  - A multidisciplinary approach to information management and critical appraisal instruction: a controlled study 150
A1  - Frasca MA,Dorsch J.L.
Y1  - 1992///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00467046
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - instruction
KW  - Management
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
IS  - 1
SN  - 0025-7338 <151>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 26
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal of the medical literature: effects on attitudes of first-year medical students 153
A1  - Hofmann JC,Taylor W.C.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00467061
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
IS  - suppl
SN  - 0884-8734 <154>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 27
T1  - Are pacifiers associated with early weaning from breastfeeding? 177
A1  - Benis,M.M.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00439581 IN - Department of Pediatrics, Vermont Children's Hospital, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT, USA. marilyn.benis@vtmednet.org PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Breast Feeding/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Pacifiers/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Crying
KW  - data
KW  - Device
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Information
KW  - Intention
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Vermont
KW  - Weaning
KW  - Weaning <178>
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 266
JF  - Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: The pacifier, a non-nutritive sucking device, is commonly used for calming infants. The World Health Organization/United Nation's Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative recommends avoiding pacifiers in breastfed term infants because it is thought to lead to early weaning. Most studies that found early weaning to be associated with pacifier use were observational in design. This Critically Appraised Topic evaluates a randomized controlled trial that examines pacifiers and early weaning. PURPOSE: The objectives of the study analyzed were to test whether regular pacifier use has a causal effect on early weaning from the breast by 3 months of age and to assess the difference in results when the data are examined using randomized intervention allocation (intention to treat) versus observational use of pacifiers. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-one breastfeeding women and their healthy term infants were allocated randomly to 1 of 2 counseling interventions. Both groups received basic breastfeeding promotion information. In addition, the experimental group mothers (n = 140) were asked to avoid pacifiers and were given other alternatives for comforting a crying infant. Logs detailing infant crying, fussing, and pacifier use were completed at 4, 6, and 9 weeks of age, and an interview at 3 months determined the duration of breastfeeding. RESULTS: The experimental group had a higher rate of total avoidance of pacifier use (38.6% v 16% in the control group) and less daily use of pacifiers (40.8% v 55.7%). When the data were analyzed based on the intention to treat (randomized allocation), the experimental intervention group had similar rates of early weaning as the control group (18.9% v 18.3%). When the data were analyzed on the treatment given (ignoring randomization), a strong observational association was found between daily exposure to pacifiers and weaning by 3 months (25% v 12.9% of exposed versus unexposed groups). CONCLUSION: The results imply that pacifier use may be a marker of breastfeeding difficulties or decreased maternal motivation to breastfeed, as opposed to being the causal agent in early weaning
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 28
T1  - Effects of a nursing literature reading course on promoting critical thinking in two-year nursing program students 176
A1  - Chen FC,Lin MC
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00438621 IN - Department of Nursing, Chun-Hwa College of Medical Technology PT - Clinical Trial. Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal Article
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Associate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - Factor Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Medicine in Literature
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Perception
KW  - Performance
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Reading
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Research
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Variance
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing assignments
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 147
JF  - The journal of nursing research : JNR
IS  - 2
N2  - Critical thinking is essential for professional nursing practice. Promoting critical thinking with teaching strategies has been a focus of nursing education and nursing research. Reading and writing assignments are teaching strategies for fostering critical thinking ability. We developed a course with the emphasis on critical reading and writing. The purposes of this study were to explore the effect of the course and teaching strategies on promoting critical thinking and to understand the learning experience and perception of nursing students as part of the course assessment plan. Quasi-experimental design and purposive sampling were used. 170 students of a two-year nursing program were grouped into an experimental and a control group depending on whether or not they took the course. The change in critical thinking ability was evaluated and determined based on performance in an article critique test before and after the course. Data was collected with an assessment tool developed for the purposes of the research and was analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures and content analysis. The findings were: (1) The scores on the critique test at the end of the course in both groups were significantly higher than before the course (p<.001). The improvement in score of the experimental group, however, was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<.001). (2) Changes in thinking pattern and learning attitude, as well as a feeling of growth and achievement, were found in content analysis of students' self-evaluation of their learning experience and perception. Critical thinking skills were applied while learning the course. The results not only provide evidence to support the positive effect of reading and writing assignments on critical thinking ability but also confirm the teaching and learning activity design for the course
SN  - 1682-3141 <177>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 29
T1  - Laser treatment in fellow eyes with large drusen: updated findings from a pilot randomized clinical trial 174
A1  - Choroidal Neovascularization Prevention Trial Research Group
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00437504 PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Multicenter Study. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Choroidal Neovascularization/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Retinal Drusen/su [Surgery]
KW  - Article
KW  - Choroidal Neovascularization/et [Etiology]
KW  - Choroidal Neovascularization/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Laser Coagulation
KW  - Macular Degeneration/co [Complications]
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Observation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - Research Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
KW  - respect
KW  - Retinal Drusen/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Risk
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Visual Acuity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 971
EP  - 978
JF  - Ophthalmology.Vol.113(3), 2006.
J1  - Ophthalmology
IS  - 5
N2  - PURPOSE: To update the findings from the Choroidal Neovascularization Prevention Trial (CNVPT) with respect to resolution of drusen, incidence of choroidal neovascularization, and visual function. DESIGN: A multicenter, randomized, controlled, pilot clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: The 120 patients enrolled in the CNVPT. Patients had signs of choroidal neovascularization or retinal pigment epithelial detachment in 1 eye and had >/=10 large (>63- micro m) drusen in the contralateral, or fellow, eye. INTERVENTION: The fellow eye of 59 patients was assigned randomly to argon green laser treatment consisting of multiple 100- micro m spots at least 750 micro m from the center of the fovea. The fellow eye of the remaining 61 patients was assigned randomly to observation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in visual acuity was the primary outcome measure. Incidence of choroidal neovascularization, resolution of drusen, change in contrast threshold, change in critical print size for reading, and incidence of geographic atrophy were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS: Throughout 4 years of follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in change in visual acuity, contrast threshold, critical print size, or incidence of geographic atrophy. With additional follow-up, the large increase in the incidence of choroidal neovascularization observed within 18 months of treatment was maintained; however, by 30 months, the incidence in the two treatment groups was the same. Most drusen resolution in treated eyes occurred within 24 months of the initial treatment. Treated eyes that received higher-intensity laser burns had an increased risk of choroidal neovascularization. Among eyes developing choroidal neovascularization in each treatment group, most lesions (two thirds or more) were composed of occult neovascularization only. CONCLUSIONS: Laser treatment as applied in the CNVPT caused an excess risk of choroidal neovascularization in the first year or so after treatment. The increased early incidence of choroidal neovascularization was not associated with either a harmful or beneficial effect in this pilot study
SN  - 1549-4713 <175>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 30
T1  - Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias 182
A1  - Cohen,L.
Y1  - 2003/12//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00458863 IN - Institut de Neurologie, Hopital de la Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France. laurent.cohen@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr PT - Case Reports. Clinical Trial. Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal Article
KW  - *Brain Mapping/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Cerebral Cortex/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - *Dyslexia,Acquired/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alexia
KW  - Arteries
KW  - Article
KW  - brain
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Cerebral Cortex/pa [Pathology]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - connectivity
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - data
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - France
KW  - Hemisphere
KW  - Humans
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Infarction,Posterior Cerebral Artery/co [Complications]
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Letter
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pattern Recognition,Visual
KW  - Perception
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading strategies
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Relative
KW  - representation
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - Role
KW  - strategies
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Visual Perception <183>
KW  - visual word form area
KW  - Word Recognition
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1313
EP  - 1333
JF  - Cerebral cortex (New York, N
IS  - 12
N2  - According to a simple anatomical and functional model of word reading, letters displayed in one hemifield are first analysed through a cascade of contralateral retinotopic areas, which compute increasingly abstract representations. Eventually, an invariant representation of letter identities is created in the visual word form area (VWFA), reproducibly located within the left occipito-temporal sulcus. The VWFA then projects to structures involved in phonological or lexico-semantic processing. This model yields detailed predictions on the reading impairments that may follow left occipitotemporal lesions. Those predictions were confronted to behavioural, anatomical and functional MRI data gathered in normals and in patients suffering from left posterior cerebral artery infarcts. In normal subjects, alphabetic stimuli activated both the VWFA and the right-hemispheric symmetrical region (R-VWFA) relative to fixation, but only the VWFA showed a preference for alphabetic strings over simple chequerboards. The comparison of normalized brain lesions with reading-induced activations showed that the critical lesion site for the classical syndrome of pure alexia can be tightly localized to the VWFA. Reading impairments resulting from deafferentation of an intact VWFA from right- or left-hemispheric input were dissected using the same methods, shedding light on the connectivity of the VWFA. Finally, the putative role of right-hemispheric processing in the letter-by-letter reading strategy was clarified. In a letter-by-letter reader, the R-VWFA assumed some of the functional properties normally specific to the VWFA. These data corroborate our initial model of normal word perception and underline that an alternative right-hemispheric pathway can underlie functional recovery from alexia
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 31
T1  - Randomized, controlled trial of an easy-to-read informed consent statement for clinical trial participation: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 171
A1  - Coyne CA,Xu R.
Y1  - 2003/03//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00456542 IN - Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. ccoyne@hsc.wvu.edu PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Multicenter Study. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Neoplasms/th [Therapy]
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult literacy
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - Arm
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Consent Forms
KW  - control
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Neoplasms/px [Psychology]
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Parent
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Advocacy
KW  - Patient Participation
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading <172>
KW  - Research Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
KW  - Sample
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - West Virginia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 836
EP  - 842
JF  - Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
IS  - 5
N2  - PURPOSE: Studies have documented that the majority of consent documents for medical diagnosis and treatment are written at a reading level above that of the majority of the U.S. population. This study hypothesized that use of an easy-to-read consent statement, when compared with a standard consent statement, will result in higher patient comprehension of the clinical treatment protocol, lower patient anxiety, higher patient satisfaction, and higher patient accrual. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 44 institutions that were members or affiliates of three cooperative oncology groups. Institutions were randomly assigned to administer either an easy-to-read consent statement or the standard consent statement to patients being recruited to participate in selected cancer treatment trials. Telephone interviews were conducted with a total of 207 patients to assess study outcomes. RESULTS: Patients in the intervention arm demonstrated significantly lower consent anxiety and higher satisfaction compared with patients in the control arm. Patient comprehension and state anxiety were not affected by the intervention. Accrual rates into the parent studies also did not differ significantly between the two study groups. CONCLUSION: Clinical trial informed consent statements can be modified to be easier to read without omitting critical information. Patient anxiety and satisfaction can be affected by the consent document. The generalizability of these study results is limited by the characteristics of the patient sample. Ninety percent of the sample were white women, and the mean Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine score was approximately 64, indicating a literacy level at or above the ninth grade
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 32
T1  - Letter-recognition and reading speed in peripheral vision benefit from perceptual learning 185
A1  - Chung ST,Legge GE,Cheung SH
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00471666 IN - College of Optometry, University of Houston, 505 J.D. Armistead Bldg, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA. schung@optometry.uh.edu PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Visual Perception/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - control
KW  - Eye Movements/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Letter
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychophysics
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition (Psychology)
KW  - Research Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vision
KW  - Visual Field
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 695
EP  - 709
JF  - Vision research
IS  - 7
N2  - Visual-span profiles are plots of letter-recognition accuracy as a function of letter position left or right of the midline. Previously, we have shown that contraction of these profiles in peripheral vision can account for slow reading speed in peripheral vision. In this study, we asked two questions: (1) can we modify visual-span profiles through training on letter-recognition, and if so, (2) are these changes accompanied by changes in reading speed? Eighteen normally sighted observers were randomly assigned to one of three groups: training at 10 degrees in the upper visual field, training at 10 degrees in the lower visual field and a no-training control group. We compared observers' characteristics of reading (maximum reading speed and critical print size) and visual-span profiles (peak amplitude and bits of information transmitted) before and after training, and at trained and untrained retinal locations (10 degrees upper and lower visual fields). Reading speeds were measured for six print sizes at each retinal location, using the rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. Visual-span profiles were measured using a trigram letter-recognition task, for a letter size equivalent to 1.4x the critical print size for reading. Training consisted of the repeated measurement of 20 visual-span profiles (over four consecutive days) in either the upper or lower visual field. We also tracked the changes in performance in a sub-group of observers for up to three months following training. We found that the visual-span profiles can be expanded (bits of information transmitted increased by 6 bits) through training with a letter-recognition task, and that there is an accompanying increase (41%) in the maximum reading speed. These improvements transferred, to a large extent, from the trained to an untrained retinal location, and were retained, to a large extent, for at least three months following training. Our results are consistent with the view that the visual span is a bottleneck on reading speed, but a bottleneck that can be increased with practice
SN  - 0042-6989 <186>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 33
T1  - Teaching practicing surgeons critical appraisal skills with an Internet-based journal club: A randomized, controlled trial 197
A1  - rae HM,Regehr G.
Y1  - 2004/09//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00491180 IN - Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Journalism,Medical
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research Support,Non-U.S.Gov't
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgery/st [Standards]
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 641
EP  - 646
JF  - Surgery.Vol.24(8)()(pp 263-267), 2006.Date of Publication: 01 AUG 2006.
J1  - Surgery
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of interventions for developing critical appraisal skills in practicing physicians has not been studied, despite the documented importance of reading the literature in caring for patients and in continuing professional development. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether an Internet-based intervention would lead to enhanced critical appraisal skills in practicing surgeons. METHODS: General surgeons who agreed to participate were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention was a curriculum in critical appraisal skills that included a clinical and methodologic article, a listserve discussion, and clinical and methodologic critiques. The control group received only the clinical articles. The primary outcome measure was a previously validated 2-hour test of critical appraisal. RESULTS: Of the 55 surgeons who completed the examination, subjects in the intervention group performed better on the test of critical appraisal skills than those in the control group (mean score: intervention group, 58% +/- 8 vs control group, 50% +/- 8), with a large effect size of 1.06 standard deviation units (t+3.92, P <.0001). Training conditions accounted for 22% of the variance in total scores. CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted, Internet-based intervention resulted in improved critical appraisal skills of practicing general surgeons
SN  - 0039-6060 <198>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 34
T1  - Reading between the lines: Reading in peripheral vision benefits from increased line spacing 140
A1  - Chung,S.
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00524604
KW  - Computer
KW  - crowding
KW  - Exposure
KW  - methods
KW  - Reading
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - Vision
KW  - Visual Field
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 133p
JF  - American Academy of Optometry
N2  - PURPOSE: Crowding, the adverse spatial interaction due to proximity of adjacent targets, has been suggested as an explanation for slow reading in peripheral vision. The purposes of this study were to examine whether crowding exists between adjacent lines of text, and if so, whether or not reading speed can be improved in normal peripheral vision with increased line spacing. METHODS: Five normal observers read aloud sequences of six unrelated 4-letter words presented on a computer monitor, one word at a time, using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Reading speeds were calculated based on the RSVP exposure durations yielding 80% correct. Testings were conducted at the fovea, 5 and 10 deg in the inferior visual field. Critical print size (CPS) for each observer and at each eccentricity was first determined by measuring reading speeds for four print sizes, using words that were presented singly. We then presented text at 0.8 or 1.4x CPS, with each target word flanked by two other words, one above and one below the target word. Reading speeds were determined for line spacings (baseline-to-baseline separation between adjacent words) ranging from 0.8 to 2x the standard single-spacing, as well as the unflanked condition. RESULTS: As expected, reading speeds were highest at the fovea, decreasing with eccentricity, and were higher for the larger print size. At the fovea, reading speed increased with line spacing up to about 1.2x the standard spacing, and remained constant and similar to the unflanked reading speed at larger line spacing Inn the periphery, reading speed also increased with line spacing, but it remained below the unflanked reading speed for all spacings tested. At 2x spacing, peripheral reading speed was still about 25% lower than the unflanked reading speed, for both eccentricities and print sizes. CONCLUSIONS: Increased line spacings, which presumably decreases the adverse effect of crowding between adjacent lines of text, benefits reading speed. This benefit is greater in peripheral than central vision. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Supported by NIH grant EY12810
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 35
T1  - Critically appraised papers A home-based occupational therapy environmental modification program for caregivers had a modest effect on the performance of IADL in people with dementia, while for some caregiver subgroups, there was improved efficacy and reduced upset 134
A1  - Collister,L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00507940
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - Dementia
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 166
EP  - 168
JF  - Australian-Occupational-Therapy-Journal
IS  - 3
SN  - 0045-0766 <135>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 36
T1  - Critical appraisal skills training for health care professionals: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46272378] 199
A1  - Taylor RS,Reeves BC,Ewings PE,Taylor RJ
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - CCTR AN - CN-00508527 IN - Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, University of Birmingham; Birmingham, UK. r.s.taylor@bham.ac.uk PT - Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Confidence
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/ec [Economics]
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Funding
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - play
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - professionals
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research Design <200>
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 30
JF  - BMC medical education [electronic resource]
IS  - 1
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Critical appraisal skills are believed to play a central role in an evidence-based approach to health practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a critical appraisal skills educational intervention aimed at health care professionals. METHODS: This prospective controlled trial randomized 145 self-selected general practitioners, hospital physicians, professions allied to medicine, and healthcare managers/administrators from the South West of England to a half-day critical appraisal skills training workshop (based on the model of problem-based small group learning) or waiting list control. The following outcomes were assessed at 6-months follow up: knowledge of the principles necessary for appraising evidence; attitudes towards the use of evidence about healthcare; evidence seeking behaviour; perceived confidence in appraising evidence; and ability to critically appraise a systematic review article. RESULTS: At follow up overall knowledge score [mean difference: 2.6 (95% CI: 0.6 to 4.6)] and ability to appraise the results of a systematic review [mean difference: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.01 to 2.4)] were higher in the critical skills training group compared to control. No statistical significant differences in overall attitude towards evidence, evidence seeking behaviour, perceived confidence, and other areas of critical appraisal skills ability (methodology or generalizability) were observed between groups. Taking into account the workshop provision costs and costs of participants time and expenses of participants, the average cost of providing the critical appraisal workshops was approximately pound 250 per person. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study challenge the policy of funding 'one-off' educational interventions aimed at enhancing the evidence-based practice of health care professionals. Future evaluations of evidence-based practice interventions need to take in account this trial's negative findings and methodological difficulties
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 37
T1  - Colony stimulating factors for chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia [Systematic Review] 218
A1  - Clark,O.A.C.
A1  - Lyman,G.
A1  - Castro,A.A.
A1  - Clark,L.G.O.
A1  - Djulbegovic,B.
N1  - DB - CDSR AN - 00075320-100000000-02107 LG - English PT - Systematic Review
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Affect
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bone Marrow
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Chemotherapy
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Infection
KW  - Life
KW  - Manager
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - question
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Register
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007;(1)
IS  - 1
N2  - Background, Febrile neutropenia is a frequent event for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and it is potentially a life threatening situation. The current treatment is supportive care plus antibiotics. Colony stimulating factors (CSF) are cytokines that stimulate and accelerate the production of one or more cellular lines in bone marrow. Some clinical trials addressed the question of whether the addition of CSF to antibiotics (ATB) could improve the outcomes of patients with febrile neutropenia. The results of these trials are conflicting and no definitive conclusion could be reached., Objectives, To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of adding colony stimulating factors to ATB when treating febrile neutropenia caused by cancer chemotherapy., Search strategy, The search covered the major electronic databases: CANCERLIT, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCI and The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Experts were consulted and references from the relevant articles scanned., Selection criteria, We looked for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare CSF plus antibiotics versus antibiotics alone for the treatment of established febrile neutropenia in adults and children., Data collection and analysis, Two of the reviewers independently selected, critically appraised and extracted data from the studies. A meta-analysis of the select studies was performed, using Review Manager., Main results, More than 8000 references were screened. Thirteen studies were included. The overall mortality was not influenced by the use of CSF [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.43 to 1.08; p=0.1]. A marginally significant result was obtained for the use of CSF in reducing infection related mortality [OR= 0.51; 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.00; p=0.05], but this result was highly influenced by one study. When this study is excluded from our analysis, this possible benefit disappears [OR= 0.85; 95% CI = 0.33 to 2.20; p= 0.7]. The group of patients treated with CSF had a shorter length of hospitalization [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.82; p=0.0006] and a shorter time to neutrophil recovery [HR= 0.32; 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.46; p < 0.00001]., Authors' conclusions, The use of CSF in patients with febrile neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy does not affect overall mortality, but reduces the amount of time spent in hospital and the neutrophil recovery period. It was not clear whether CSF has an effect on infection-related mortality
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 38
T1  - Individual and group-based parenting programmes for improving psychosocial outcomes for teenage parents and their children [Systematic Review] 209
A1  - Coren,E.
A1  - Barlow,J.
N1  - DB - CDSR AN - 00075320-100000000-01935 LG - English PT - Systematic Review
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Communication
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Development
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parental Attitude
KW  - Parental Attitudes
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Parents
KW  - Placebo
KW  - play
KW  - problems
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007;(1)
IS  - 1
N2  - Background, Rates of births to teenage parents are high and there is also a high incidence of poor outcomes among the children of teenage parents including developmental and learning problems, and child maltreatment. Parenting programmes may have an important role to play in improving outcomes for both teenage parents and their children., Objectives, The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of individual and/or group based parenting programmes in improving psychosocial and developmental outcomes in teenage mothers and their children., Search strategy, A range of biomedical and social science databases were searched including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychLIT, Sociofile, Social Science Citation Index, ASSIA, the Cochrane Library including SPECTR, CENTRAL, National Research Register (NRR) and ERIC., Selection criteria, Only randomised controlled trials were included in which participants had been randomly allocated to an experimental and a control group, the latter being a waiting-list, no-treatment or a placebo control group. Studies had to include at least one standardised instrument measuring maternal psychosocial health or infant health and development., Data collection and analysis, The included studies were critically appraised using a number of criteria including the method of allocation concealment. The treatment effect for each outcome in each study was standardised by dividing the mean difference in post-intervention scores for the intervention and treatment group, by the pooled standard deviation, to produce an effect size. Due to the presence of significant heterogeneity it was not possible to combine the results in a meta-analysis., Main results, The results of the review are based on data from four studies. These showed that both individual and group-based parenting programmes produced results favouring the intervention group on a range of maternal and infant measures of outcome including mother-infant interaction, language development, parental attitudes, parental knowledge, maternal mealtime communication, maternal self-confidence and maternal identity., Authors' conclusions, The conclusions which can be drawn from this review are limited due to the small number of included studies, and the use of a restricted number of outcomes measures. The conclusions are also limited by some of the methodological deficiencies of the included studies. Despite these problems the findings of the included studies suggest that parenting programmes may be effective in improving outcomes for both teenage mothers and their infants. There is, however, a need for further research into the effectiveness of parenting programmes for teenage parents
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 39
T1  - Educational innovations. Use of meta-analysis as a teaching strategy in nursing research courses
A1  - Beck,C.T.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1997014039 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881-0814 AS - J NURS EDUC. 1997 Feb; 36(2): 87-90. (15 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Forms LG - English
KW  - *Meta Analysis
KW  - *Research,Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Consumer
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Nursing
KW  - Education,Nursing,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Rhode Island
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 87
EP  - 90
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.1997 Feb; 36(2): 87-90.(15 ref)
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
N2  - In order to become knowledgeable consumers of nursing research, nursing students must be able to critically read research and determine the study's value for nursing practice. As the number of nursing intervention studies rises and research topics are studied more extensively, the use of meta-analysis in the discipline of nursing will also increase. The same scientific rigor demanded of other types of research must be applied to meta-analysis. In this article two teaching strategies using meta-analysis are shared for sharpening both undergraduate and graduate nursing students' critiquing skills. On the undergraduate level, nursing students can assess the quality of the studies included in a particular meta-analysis. On the graduate level, students can use an appraisal checklist of criteria for evaluating the actual meta-analysis
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 40
T1  - Education and training. Teaching medical informatics a la carte: a curriculum for the professional palate
A1  - Faraino,R.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998069785 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Frederick L. Ehrman Medical Library, New York University Medical Center, 500 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 AS - MED REF SERV Q. 1998 Summer; 17(2): 69-77. (3 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer User Training
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Library User Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Goals and Objectives
KW  - health
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management/ed [Education]
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - professionals
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 77
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.1998 Summer; 17(2): 69-77.(3 ref)
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
N2  - Health professionals as well as students vary greatly in their appetite for medical informatics and evidence-based medicine. The information profession is challenged by the need for instructional programs that support the use of medical informatics to a diverse audience. For teaching programs to be successfully received, the information professional must be able to offer an adaptable curriculum that must be able to meet the differing needs of a wide range of health professionals. The Educational Services Department at New York University Medical Center has designed and implemented a multidisciplinary curriculum that serves as a model for health and information professionals to meet a variety of goals and objectives. This paper describes how the curriculum evolved. It is presented as a menu of offerings that may be coordinated and adapted to meet the varying skills and needs of clinicians, basic scientists, residency training programs, medical student clerkships, and nursing and allied health programs. Informatics programs that may include workshops in basic computer skills, identification of information resources, the structure of information, developing search strategies in support of evidence-based medicine, identifying qualitative journal literature, and critical appraisal of the literature, are easily adapted to any audience and schedule
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 41
T1  - MSLCs -- developing critical appraisal skills... Maternity Services Liaison Committee
A1  - Fletcher,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998066949 AS - CHANGING CHILDBIRTH UPDATE. 1998 Feb; (11): 11 SB - Nursing Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Obstetric Care
KW  - *Quality of Health Care
KW  - *Seminars and Workshops
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Childbirth
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
JF  - Changing Childbirth Update.1998 Feb;(11): 11.
IS  - 11
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 42
T1  - Evidence-based practice. Continuity of carer: what can we learn from a Cochrane review?... team midwifery
A1  - Oliver,S.
A1  - Needham,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998014212 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Social Science Research Unit, London University Institute of Education AS - BR J MIDWIFERY. 1997 May; 5(5): 292-5. (3 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Continuity of Patient Care
KW  - *Midwifery
KW  - *Obstetric Care
KW  - *Systematic Review/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Information
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - London
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - social science research
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 292
EP  - 295
JF  - British Journal of Midwifery.1997 May; 5(5): 292-5.(3 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Midwifery
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
N2  - Reviews can be a handy source of information for decisions about maternity services. Checking how reliable and relevant a review is (critically appraising it) is essential. This article shows how critical appraisal of a review in The Cochrane Library may relate to Maternity Services Liaison Committee discussions
SN  - 0969-4900
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 43
T1  - Continuing education. Critical appraisal workshop in Japan -- a short-term evaluation
A1  - Page,J.H.
A1  - Lim,L.L.
A1  - Heller,R.F.
A1  - Fukuhara,S.
A1  - Ban,N.
A1  - Yamamoto,N.
A1  - Kurokawa,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998015514 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Australia AS - EDUC HEALTH. 1997 Nov; 10(3): 371-7. (9 ref) SB - Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Course Evaluation
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Meta Analysis/ed [Education]
KW  - *Seminars and Workshops/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 371
EP  - 377
JF  - Education for Health.1997 Nov; 10(3): 371-7.(9 ref)
J1  - Education for Health
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
N2  - A 2-day workshop aimed at providing skills in the critical appraisal of journal articles among clinicians and nurses was held in Tokyo. Small group evaluations of papers on randomized controlled trials, a diagnostic test and a meta-analysis were performed, and three groups developed different research protocol based on ideas provided by participants. The majority of participants rated the sessions as useful or very useful, they said they would be prepared to pay more than the fee actually charged for the workshop, they said they would recommend it to their colleagues. Twenty of the 24 participants completed anonymous pre- and post-workshop questionnaires. The proportion of participants who gave correct answers to three questions on skills which the workshop had attempted to develop was statistically significantly higher after the workshop. We conclude that a short workshop can sensitize clinicians and nurses to the need to learn skills of critical appraisal and research methods, and increase skills at least in the short term
SN  - 1357-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 44
T1  - What is evidence-based practice?
A1  - Taylor,M.C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998008010 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Rehabilitation and Disability Studies, School of Health Care, Oxford Brookes University, Dorset House, 58 London Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7PE AS - BR J OCCUP THER. 1997 Nov; 60(11): 470-4. (24 ref 10 bib) SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Drawing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice,Research-Based/mt [Methods]
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 470
EP  - 474
JF  - British Journal of Occupational Therapy.1997 Nov; 60(11): 470-4.(24 ref 10 bib)
VL  - 60
IS  - 11
N2  - Evidence-based practice are the buzz words of current health care. This article explores what evidence-based practice actually means for occupational therapists. Evidence-based practice has two strands. The first strand involves using the best available evidence as part of the clinical decisionmaking process. The second strand involves drawing the evidence together in the form of systematic reviews. These reviews may then be used to help inform the development of clinical guidelines. This article outlines and discusses both strands of evidence-based practice and the relevance of each strand to practising occupational therapists. It explores how therapists can locate, evaluate and use evidence to inform their practice. The article focuses particularly on the development of critical appraisal skills. The role of systematic reviews and the relevance of clinical guidelines for occupational therapy are discussed
SN  - 0308-0226
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 45
T1  - Evidence-based practice information circle... adapted from a presentation at the 1996 Canadian Physiotherapy Association Congress in Victoria, British Columbia
A1  - Thomson-O'Brien,M.A.
A1  - Moreland,J.
Y1  - 205///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998078769 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario AS - PHYSIOTHER CAN. 1998 Summer; 50(3): 184-9, 205. (34 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Canada Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - *Education,Continuing
KW  - *Informatics
KW  - *Models,Theoretical
KW  - *Physical Therapy
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Assessment Tools
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Therapy Assessment
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - reform
KW  - Science
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 184
EP  - 189
JF  - Physiotherapy Canada.1998 Summer; 50(3): 184-9, 205.(34 ref)
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
N2  - Physiotherapists make decisions at many points in the care of patients or clients, yet the information upon which we base these decisions may be of variable quality. The purpose of this paper is to present a model to integrate the activities of information processing, critical appraisal, evidence-based practice and continuing education into clinical decision-making. The Evidence-based Practice Information Circle model (EPIC) is constructed of concepts with a supporting framework, assumptions and theories. At the centre of the model are the fundamental clinical actions that occur between the client and the therapist. These clinical actions generate information needs, which elicit a circle of events leading back to clinical action. Several clinical problems relevant to physiotherapy are given as examples to illustrate the model. EPIC provides a framework for continuing clinical excellence in this era of health care reform. There are implications for undergraduate training as well as continuing education endeavours
SN  - 0300-0508
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 46
T1  - Research in long-term care: what do we know, what can we use?
A1  - Palmer,M.H.
Y1  - 1932//03/
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1998017691 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Professor, University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD AS - OSTOMY WOUND MANAGE. 1997 Nov-Dec; 43(10): 28-30, 32, 34. (26 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Long Term Care
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Urinary Incontinence/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Authority
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Incontinence
KW  - journal
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Long-Term Care
KW  - Male
KW  - Maryland
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Home Personnel/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - strategies
KW  - Stress,Occupational
KW  - Technique
KW  - Toileting
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Urinary Incontinence/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Urinary Incontinence/et [Etiology]
KW  - Urinary Incontinence/th [Therapy]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 28
EP  - 30
JF  - Ostomy/Wound Management.1997 Nov-Dec; 43(10): 28-30, 32, 34.(26 ref)
J1  - Ostomy/Wound Management
VL  - 43
IS  - 10
N2  - Urinary incontinence is a significant problem for nurses in long-term care. However, there is sufficient research to show that it is a treatable condition, Risk and associated factors have been identified. Impairments in mobility and cognition play a role in the development of incontinence and must be addressed in any strategy used to prevent incontinence from occurring in dry residents. Nurses must become comfortable in reading research reports and applying the findings to their facility. Using assessment techniques, including a voiding record and determining whether an individual is appropriate for one of the several behavioral techniques, are critical nursing actions. Administrative support including the delegation of authority and provision of resources is necessary as nurses change practice from traditional methods to evidence-based practice
SN  - 0889-5899
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 47
T1  - Educational innovations. The preceptoring map for RN-to-BSN students
A1  - Bittner,N.P.
A1  - Anderson,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999010938 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Division of Nursing, Regis College, 235 Wellesley St, Weston, MA 02193 AS - J NURS EDUC. 1998 Nov; 37(8): 367-72. (19 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Benner's Professional Advancement Model
KW  - *Clinical Competence/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Education,Clinical
KW  - *Education,Post-RN
KW  - *Preceptorship
KW  - *Student Performance Appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Critical Thinking/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Interview
KW  - Job Experience
KW  - journal
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Population
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Placement
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 367
EP  - 372
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.1998 Nov; 37(8): 367-72.(19 ref)
VL  - 37
IS  - 8
N2  - RN-to-BSN students reflect an array of experiences often so diverse the traditional student placement challenges neither students nor preceptors. In response to this need for an alternate to the standard clinical placement for RN students, a collaborative model was developed. Because of dramatic changes in the health care environment, the "traditional" placement for students is no longer readily available nor necessarily appropriate. These circumstances, combined with the uniqueness of RN-to-BSN students prompted the authors to develop the Preceptoring Map. The model was developed in collaboration with the research department of Massachusetts General Hospital. The Preceptoring Map designates two tracks, the N track and the P track. Using Benner's novice to expert theories, the tracks were operationalized to the student population. Determining which track will be most appropriate is multifaceted. Included in the evaluation process are the students' work experiences and expertise, critical-thinking skills assessment, and self-assessment. Faculty review these outcomes, combined with an indepth interview with the placement coordinator, to match students and preceptors for the most successful clinical placements
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 48
T1  - Training in critical appraisal skills -- the CASP for MSLCs project
A1  - Crowe,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999002104 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - CHANGING CHILDBIRTH UPDATE. 1997 Jun; (9): 10. (1 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Brief Item LG - English
KW  - *Maternal Health Services/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Seminars and Workshops
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Childbirth
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
JF  - Changing Childbirth Update.1997 Jun;(9): 10.(1 ref)
J1  - Changing Childbirth Update
IS  - 9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 49
T1  - Funding for evidence-based nursing practice in the UK
A1  - Curzio,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999075032 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Director/Project Leader, Nursing Research Initiative for Scotland, Glasgow Caledonia University AS - NT RES. 1998 Mar-Apr; 3(2): 100-7. (17 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts, Website LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Research Support
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Countries
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Funding
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - Multidisciplinary Care Team
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Scotland
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 100
EP  - 107
JF  - NT Research.1998 Mar-Apr; 3(2): 100-7.(17 ref)
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based practice requires the continuing generation of new knowledge, that is, evidence. The funding to produce this new information is obtainable from a number of sources but has quite limited availability. There are slightly differing (or arrangements for distribution in each of the countries of the UK, although there are some programmes that are UK-wide. All of these include money previously identified for research, audit or practice development. The Culyer report, Supporting Research and Development in the National Health Service (DoH, 1994). has had an effect on funding across the countries of the UK. With increasing rigour expected, proposals for the development of evidence should be critically appraised. By identifying the methods, the sources and limitations of obtaining the resources for producing evidence, nurses are in a better position to take their practice forward
SN  - 1361-4096
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 50
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club. Evaluating clinical supervision
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999071848 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing and Practice Development Coordinator, Sheffield University and Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford AS - BR J NURS. 1999 Aug 12-Sep 8; 8(15): 1010-2. (18 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Manuscripts
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - *Supervisors and Supervision
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Networking,Professional
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sampling
KW  - strategies
KW  - supervision
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1010
EP  - 1012
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.1999 Aug 12-Sep 8; 8(15): 1010-2.(18 ref)
VL  - 8
IS  - 15
N2  - This article reports on the development of the Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research National Journal Club. It describes why the club was founded, how it works, who attends, and what happens to the reviews it produces. It includes the club's review of Scanlon and Wier's (1997) paper 'Learning from practice: mental health nurses' perceptions and experience of clinical supervision'. The key points arising from the review were: the article reflected a current and important theme within mental health nursing, i.e. clinical supervision as a vehicle for improving practice, and recommends that attempts to explore and evaluate clinical supervision should be supported, journal club members were not convinced that the paper was saying anything new although it did add weight to certain arguments; and the limitations of the sampling strategy may have had an impact on the results
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 51
T1  - Apoptosis
A1  - Fleisher,T.A.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999024083 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Chief, Immunology Service, CP; Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD AS - ANN ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOL. 1997 Mar; 78(3): 245-50, insert 1p. (28 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions, Review LG - English
KW  - *Cell Death
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Author
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - play
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Responses
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Study
KW  - Survival
KW  - Syndrome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 245
EP  - 250
JF  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.1997 Mar; 78(3): 245-50, insert 1p.(28 ref)
VL  - 78
IS  - 3
N2  - LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Reading this article will introduce the reader to the basic concept of physiologic cell death referred to as apoptosis. In addition, the role of apoptosis in immune function as well as its contribution to various clinical disorders will be developed. DATA SOURCE: The author's experience with recently described patients who have a unique autoimmune syndrome associated with a defect in apoptosis. In addition, recent reviews on the subject of apoptosis in health and disease served as informational outlines. STUDY SELECTION: Data source included pertinent reviews and articles meeting the educational objectives and these were critically reviewed. RESULTS: Apoptosis is a critical process in cellular homeostasis that only recently has been appreciated. Its role in both immune development and the control of immune responses as well as in T cell cytotoxic effector function has been established. Information is accumulating that diseases such as cancer can be linked to underlying defects in the apoptosis pathway allowing cells that normally would have been eliminated to live. The role of alterations in apoptosis in other chronic diseases, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders, is beginning to emerge. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis plays a central part in normal tissue homeostasis as well as having a role in a variety of clinical diseases that are characterized by either increased or decreased cell survival
SN  - 1081-1206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 52
T1  - Clinical governance. Evidence-based health care: its place within clinical governance
A1  - McSherry,R.
A1  - Haddock,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999059252 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Practice Development Adviser, Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital NHS Trust, Chesterfield, Derbyshire AS - BR J NURS. 1999 Jan 28-Feb 10; 8(2): 113-7. (17 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Health Care Delivery
KW  - *Nursing Practice
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Professional Regulation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Editorial
KW  - educational practice
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - National Health Programs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 117
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.1999 Jan 28-Feb 10; 8(2): 113-7.(17 ref)
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - This article explores the principles of evidence-based practice and its role in achieving quality improvements within the clinical governance framework advocated by the recent White Papers 'The New NHS: Modern, Dependable' (Department of Health (DoH), 1997) and 'A First Class Service: Quality in the New NHS' (DoH, 1998a). Within these White Papers there is an emphasis on improving quality of care, treatment and services through employing the principles of clinical governance. A major feature of clinical governance is guaranteeing quality to the public and the NHS, and ensuring that clinical, managerial and educational practice is based on scientific evidence. This article also examines what evidence-based practice is and what processes are required to promote effective healthcare interventions. The authors also look at how clinical governance relates to other methods/systems involved in clinical effectiveness. Finally, the importance for nurses and other healthcare professionals of familiarizing themselves with the development of critical appraisal skills, and their implications for developing evidence-based practice, is emphasized
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 53
T1  - Practical innovations. An introduction to nursing research through an OR nursing journal club
A1  - Speers,A.T.
Y1  - 1235///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 1999046734 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI AS - AORN J. 1999 Jun; 69(6): 1232, 1235-6. (11 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Perioperative Nursing
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Goals and Objectives
KW  - Hospital
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Perioperative Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Research
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1232
EP  - 1236
JF  - AORN Journal.1999 Jun; 69(6): 1232, 1235-6.(11 ref)
J1  - AORN Journal
VL  - 69
IS  - 6
SN  - 0001-2092
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 54
T1  - Nursing research -- luxury or necessity for practice?
A1  - Akinsanya,J.A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000021205 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Professor Emeritus, Anglia Polytechnic University AS - WEST AFR J NURS. 1999 Nov; 10(2): 96-9. (10 ref) SB - African Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing as a Profession
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 96
EP  - 99
JF  - West African Journal of Nursing.1999 Nov; 10(2): 96-9.(10 ref)
J1  - West African Journal of Nursing
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
N2  - The title of my paper puzzled meat first. The key words-luxury, necessity and practice are clearly important in any consideration of where we are in nursing with regard to the development of a research-based approach to our professional and personal development. But I know of no respectable professional group which regards research as a luxury though many do question the necessity for undertaking certain types of research. This is usually a problem for practice-based disciplines in which thinking is often discouraged and doing is everything. Since the research process involves a great deal of thinking often prolonged by fundamental critical appraisal of what is known and what can be investigated to advance knowledge, practitioners faced with the practical demands of their professions often regard research as, at best, the special preserve of a few and at worst, a waste of time. The gap between the 'thinkers' and the 'doers' is one that no time can efface nor academic demands for professonalism obliterate. Indeed, as Dr Seamus Cowman reminded his audience at the Irish Association of Critical Care Nurses 8th Annual Conference:, "historically the ilea of nurses using research methods to examine nursing problems is alien, not alone to nursing but to medical anti the nurses public image., Yet nursing cannot afford to lag behind other professional groups in research and development if it is to make progress in its quest for the provision of quality care. Medicine and nursing work closely together and their professional development as academic disciplines can be traced to the 18th century. But an examination of the historical records shows that from the outset, neither medicine nor nursing had a fully developed research-based approach which comes from a rigorous academic and intellectual tradition enjoyed by the universities. Physicians and surgeons were trained and licensed by the Royal Colleges while nursing students followed the apprenticeship route through hand-on experience in hospitals. State registration for nurses was not achieved until comparatively recently in all countries and it is a well known fact that Florence Nightingale was vehemently opposed to the idea of State Registration for nurses. Yet she was, by all accounts, a consummate researcher and statistician who laid a solid foundation for nursing as a research-based profession
SN  - 1117-9686
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 55
T1  - Teaching lifelong learning skills in a fourth-year medical curriculum
A1  - Brahmi,F.A.
A1  - London,S.K.
A1  - Emmett,T.W.
A1  - Barclay,A.R.
A1  - Kaneshiro,K.N.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000064214 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Acting Director, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5121 AS - MED REF SERV Q. 1999 Summer; 18(2): 1-11. (9 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Medical
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching,End User/ed [Education]
KW  - Course Content
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Competency-Based
KW  - Education,Medical
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Indiana
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Libraries,Health Sciences
KW  - Library
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.1999 Summer; 18(2): 1-11.(9 ref)
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - For more than twenty years, the Ruth Lilly Medical Library has been a traditional part of the Indiana University School of Medicine curriculum. Recently, following changes to the curriculum, the Library's role has evolved to include responsibility for developing and teaching a Medical Informatics rotation as part of the senior year clerkships. Heavy emphasis is placed on acquiring lifelong learning skills, especially on locating and critically appraising the best clinical evidence in the medical literature. In its first four months, the rotation has been quite favorably received by both students and faculty, but will continue changing to keep pace with future curriculum alterations and new technology
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 56
T1  - Best evidence in emergency medicine. Moving towards evidence based emergency medicine: use of a structured critical appraisal journal club
A1  - Carley,S.D.
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
A1  - Jones,A.
A1  - Morton,R.J.
A1  - Dollery,W.
A1  - Maurice,S.
A1  - Niklaus,L.
A1  - Donnan,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000009794 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL AS - J ACCID EMERG MED. 1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2. (22 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 220
EP  - 222
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2.(22 ref)
J1  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SN  - 1351-0622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 57
T1  - Professional update. Practice: the focus of learning
A1  - Coles,L.
A1  - Wilkins,V.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000074584 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer in Health Studies, School of Nursing and Midwifery at Southampton University AS - BR J COMMUNITY HEALTH NURS. 1997 May; 2(5): 229-33. (19 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. Public Health. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Theory-Based
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 229
EP  - 233
JF  - British Journal of Community Health Nursing.1997 May; 2(5): 229-33.(19 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Community Health Nursing
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
N2  - The specialist programme for the preparation of Community Health Care Nurses at degree level presents many challenges for educationalists and Community Practice Teachers (CPTs). This article describes the development of a programme designed to support and enable CPTs in their new role. It includes an overview of Situational Analysis (Skilbeck 1975) as a means to provide an analytical framework to encourage the development of enquiry, reflection and critical appraisal of the practice environment. In addition, assessment of practice at degree level is explored through the use of a Theory to Practice Portfolio to encourage and enhance reflective practice
SN  - 1362-4407
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 58
T1  - Readers' forum II. Immunization rates: a community assessment approach for diagnosis
A1  - Cowell,J.M.
A1  - Cowell,M.E.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000033254 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Professor and Chair of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL AS - J SCH NURS. 1999 Dec; 15(5): 40-3. (8 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Community Assessment
KW  - *Immunization/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *School Health Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Child
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection Methods
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - graduate students
KW  - health
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - problems
KW  - Public Health
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Schools,Elementary
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Software
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Urban Areas
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 43
JF  - Journal of School Nursing.1999 Dec; 15(5): 40-3.(8 ref)
J1  - Journal of School Nursing
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
N2  - Concerned about low immunization rates, school nurses, nursing school faculty, and public health nursing graduate students formed a partnership to identify the problems underlying the low rate of immunizations. Utilizing a representative school district within a large metropolitan area, the process was expedited by an assessment of the community; including a windshield survey, resource survey, collection of demographic data, and generation of mapping software to highlight relationships within census tracts. These relationships emphasized immunization rates within census tracts by concentrations of single parent families, residential mobility, or foreign nationality. In addition, interviews were held with key informants in the community and with parents. In this instance, communication with the parents was a critical factor in determining that the problems were neither access issues nor parental lack of concern but instead communication problems. A simplified communication strategy to parents that is well timed can be a low-cost solution to the concern over low immunization rates
SN  - 1059-8405
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 59
T1  - Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research Journal Club. Evaluating expressed emotion and schizophrenia
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000015463 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing and Practice Development Coordinator, Sheffield University and Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford AS - BR J NURS. 1999 Nov 25-Dec 8; 8(21): 1444-6. (24 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Review LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Workers/ed [Education]
KW  - *Emotions
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - *Schizophrenia/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Emotion
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Review
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Training
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1444
EP  - 1446
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.1999 Nov 25-Dec 8; 8(21): 1444-6.(24 ref)
VL  - 8
IS  - 21
N2  - This article presents another review from the Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research (NPNR) National Journal Club (see Vol 8(15): 1010-12). The article reviewed was Willets and Leffs (1997) 'Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the efficacy of a staff training programme'. The collated feedback comments from the regional journal clubs is based on the format proposed by Cormack (1991). The views expressed in this article are those of the journal club members and not necessarily those of the NPNR
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 60
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club... Gass JP (1998) The knowledge and attitudes of mental health nurses to electroconvulsive therapy. J Adv Nurs 27(1): 83-90
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000060827 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing and Practice Development Coordinator, Sheffield University and Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford AS - BR J NURS. 2000 Aug 10-Sep 13; 9(15): 999-1000. (13 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Electroconvulsive Therapy
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research,Nursing
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 999
EP  - 1000
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2000 Aug 10-Sep 13; 9(15): 999-1000.(13 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 15
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 61
T1  - Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research Journal Club... Rogers TS, Kashima Y (1998) Nurses' responses to people with schizophrenia. J Adv Nurs 27: 195-203
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000048259 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing and Practice Development Coordinator, Sheffield University and Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford AS - BR J NURS. 2000 May 25-Jun 7; 9(10): 645-6. (15 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Attitude to Mental Illness
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research,Nursing
KW  - Responses
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 645
EP  - 646
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2000 May 25-Jun 7; 9(10): 645-6.(15 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 62
T1  - Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research Journal Club. How nurses can build trusting relationships with clients... Repper J, Ford R, Cooke A (1994) How can nurses build trusting relationships with people who have severe and long-term mental health problems? Experiences of case managers and their clients. J Adv Nurs 19: 1096-104
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000030867 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing and Practice Development Coordinator, Sheffield University and Royal College of Nursing Institute, Oxford AS - BR J NURS. 2000 Feb 24-Mar 8; 9(4): 221-3. (38 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Management
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clients
KW  - College
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Manager
KW  - Mental Disorders,Chronic/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research,Nursing
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 221
EP  - 223
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2000 Feb 24-Mar 8; 9(4): 221-3.(38 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 63
T1  - Commentary: the value of a journal in the learning and practice of critical thought
A1  - Ebrall,P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000061224 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Lecturer in Chiropractic, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria AS - CHIROPRACT J AUST. 1997 Jun; 27(2): 85-92. (46 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Australia & New Zealand Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Chiropractic
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Serial Publications/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - challenge
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - context
KW  - critical thought
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Chiropractic
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thought
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 85
EP  - 92
JF  - Chiropractic Journal of Australia.1997 Jun; 27(2): 85-92.(46 ref)
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
N2  - The objective of this commentary is to heighten awareness of the value of a journal of record in the learning and practice of critical thought, and to argue that a professional association such as the Chiropractors' Association of Australia, which funds this particular journal, has a serious and immutable responsibility to professional imperatives which include maintenance of a journal, over fringe benefits. A journal is taken as being a periodical of the chiropractic profession which is peer reviewed, indexed, and reports new knowledge relevant to the profession within the context of papers which contain justifiable (referenced) statements, which may then be of benefit to the profession. The commentary demonstrates that there is value for a journal to be a tool to aid the learning and practice of critical thought. This commentary reports current learning technology as applied within the chiropractic course at RMIT University, and integrates critical comment from students with interpretative comment from the author, set within a qualitative framework drawn from the contemporaneous history of the association. The conclusion is made that it would seem that education of this nature could wisely be a prerequisite for those charged with carrying decisions of magnitude which impact on the next generation of chiropractors regarding their right to record and read both the contemporary knowledge and the historical development of the profession's knowledge. The challenge for elected leaders of the association is to demonstrate the value-added visionary thinking demanded of today's organisations by maintaining a quality journal of record for the benefit of members of both the association and the profession
SN  - 1036-0913
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 64
T1  - Systematically searching and reviewing literature
A1  - Hek,G.
A1  - Langton,H.
A1  - Blunden,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000065309 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Director of Research, University of the West of England AS - NURSE RESEARCHER. 2000 Spring; 7(3): 40-57. (37 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Literature Review
KW  - *Literature Searching
KW  - *Oncologic Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography and References
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - National Health Programs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Reference Databases
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Resource Databases
KW  - Review
KW  - Serial Publications
KW  - Software
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thematic Analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 57
JF  - Nurse Researcher.2000 Spring; 7(3): 40-57.(37 ref)
J1  - Nurse Researcher
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
N2  - This paper is based on the work of a one-year project that was commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting in the area of cancer nursing education. Following a critical and analytical discussion of the principles of systematic reviewing, the authors describe the processes involved in a literature review and outline the techniques of critically appraising all types of literature including evidence that is 'opinion' based rather than research based
SN  - 1351-5578
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 65
T1  - Journal clubs... Carley SD, Mackway-Jones K, Jones A, et al. Moving towards evidence based emergency medicine: use of a structural clinical appraisal journal club. J Accid Emerg Med 1998;15:220-2
A1  - Lloyd,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000002748 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - J ACCID EMERG MED. 1999 May; 16(3): 238. (6 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary, Letter LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Serial Publications
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1999 May; 16(3): 238.(6 ref)
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SN  - 1351-0622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 66
T1  - Journal clubs becoming online time-savers for busy researchers and practitioners
A1  - Lomangino,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000032298 AS - INTERNET MED. 2000 Mar; 5(3): 5 SB - Biomedical Journals. Computer/Information Science Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Brief Item, Website LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - practitioners
KW  - researchers
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
JF  - Internet Medicine.2000 Mar; 5(3): 5.
J1  - Internet Medicine
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SN  - 1086-5691
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 67
T1  - Journal club. Complementary and alternative medicine: effects on perioperative patients... O'Neil C, Avila J, Fetrow C (1999). Medicines, getting beyond the hype. Nursing 99, 29(4), 59-61
A1  - Maksud-Sagrillo,D.P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000052222 IN - Nurse Associate, Aesthetic & Reconstructive Surgery Associates, Brookfield, WI AS - PLAST SURG NURS. 2000 Spring; 20(1): 45 SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Brief Item, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Plants,Medicinal
KW  - *Preoperative Education
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 45
JF  - Plastic Surgical Nursing.2000 Spring; 20(1): 45.
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SN  - 0741-5206
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 68
T1  - An exploration of critical thinking, learning style, locus of control, and environmental perception in baccalaureate nursing students
A1  - Marra,S.E.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000013745 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY) **1997; ED.D. 197 p DD - UMI Order #PUZ9727685 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Learning Environment/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Learning Styles/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Locus of Control/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Perception/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - control
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Correlational Studies
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - English
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Learning
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Perception
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Sample
KW  - Structured Interview
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - West Virginia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 197
N2  - This descriptive correlational study was conducted to explore the relationships among the constructs of Critical Thinking (as measured by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal), Learning Style (as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory), and Locus of Control (as measured by the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Scale) in baccalaureate nursing students. A convenience sample (n = 68) of senior students from two classes was recruited to represent the last group graduating before (n = 47) and the first group graduating after (n = 21) curricular revision generated to better facilitate Critical Thinking. A subsample (n = 20) described their perceptions of the educational environment during individual structured interviews. All four Learning Styles were represented, with Accommodaters (learning by feeling and doing) and Convergers (learning by thinking and doing) being the most frequent. A majority of participants (n = 46) measured strongly internal Locus of Control. Convergers demonstrated highest mean ACT and GPA and those with highest WGCTA and most internal ANSIE measures demonstrated highest ACT means. Qualitative data revealed the general perception of a traditional content-driven and faculty-structured curriculum. Ongoing research assessment of academic nursing programs was recommended to provide legitimate descriptions and to suggest realistic interventions which facilitate Critical Thinking, recognize a variety of Learning Styles, and demonstrate cooperative partnerships in our educational environments
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 69
T1  - Promoting evidence based practice in ophthalmology
A1  - Nosek,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000046240 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Wolverhampton and Midland Counties Eye Infirmary, Compton Road, Chapel Ash, Wolverhampton, WV3 9QR AS - OPHTHALMIC NURS. 1997 Dec; 1(3): 10-3. (13 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Ophthalmic Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Staff
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 13
JF  - Ophthalmic Nursing: International Journal of Ophthalmic Nursing.1997 Dec; 1(3): 10-3.(13 ref)
J1  - Ophthalmic Nursing: International Journal of Ophthalmic Nursing
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - This article introduces the 'evidence based practice' movement and its relationship to 'clinical effectiveness'. It highlights the concern over poor research utilisation and promotes the use of 'journal clubs' as one method of stimulating and motivating staff to read and utilise research in practice
SN  - 1368-1249
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 70
T1  - The research nurse role in a clinic-based oncology research setting
A1  - Ocker,B.M.
A1  - Plank,D.M.P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000061094 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449; ockerb@mfldclin.edu AS - CANCER NURS. 2000 Aug; 23(4): 286-94. (19 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Trials
KW  - *Nurse Researchers
KW  - *Oncologic Nursing
KW  - Advanced Practice Nurses
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - Government
KW  - Integration
KW  - Job Description
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Role
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient Advocacy
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Personnel
KW  - Research Protocols
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 286
EP  - 294
JF  - Cancer Nursing.2000 Aug; 23(4): 286-94.(19 ref)
J1  - Cancer Nursing
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - Public demand and government support for evaluating new cancer drugs and methods in a more timely manner have significantly affected clinical research programs. To meet these demands, it is critical to have research personnel with an appropriate skill mix to ensure that clinical trials are conducted safely and effectively, while scientific integrity is maintained. This article describes the development and integration of the research nurse role within an oncology research program in a large outpatient oncology clinic. Methods for evaluating the research nurse role included literature review, analysis of job descriptions, and dialogue with research staff, oncology staff, and a clinical nurse specialist. A Review of the Nurse Practice Act of Wisconsin and the Oncology Nursing Society standards provided license and practice standards. Similarities and differences between the roles of the research nurse and the chemotherapy nurse are analyzed. Complementary roles and functions are identified, and areas of role overlap are defined. This report expands the limited current literature regarding this subject. The findings provide the reader with a framework for evaluating the roles of registered nurse personnel in a clinical setting. Although each institution has unique characteristics or research needs, the method used to address the reported program is transferable
SN  - 0162-220X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 71
T1  - A first-year experience with problem-based learning in a baccalaureate cardiorespiratory care program
A1  - Op't Holt,T.B.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000066214 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Professor, Cardiorespiratory Care, University of South Alabama, 1504 Springhill Ave, Mobile, AL 36604; e-mail: toptholt@jaguar1.usouthal.edu AS - RESPIR CARE EDUC ANNU. 2000 Spring; 947-58. (6 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Forms LG - English
KW  - *Education,Respiratory Therapy
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Alabama
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making/ed [Education]
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty Role/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Faculty,Allied Health
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Student Performance Appraisal
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 47
EP  - 58
JF  - Respiratory Care Education Annual.2000 Spring; 9 47-58.(6 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 6 ref
N2  - A problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum was implemented at the University of South Alabama in response to interests internal and external to the profession. Students are provided lectures in physiology, assessment, therapy, and PBL process during an initial 8week period, followed by PBL and clinical courses. Students meet in small groups with a facilitator, two to three times weekly for case study, and determination and discussion of learning issues. Evaluation, enrichment lecture, and laboratory sessions are held. Student evaluation includes written examinations, independent case activities, and evaluation of interpersonal skills. Program evaluation has demonstrated that PBL students have performed better than most of their predecessors on the National Board for Respiratory Care (NBRC) Entry Level Examination. Additional evaluation methods include the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and NBRC examinations. Most students enjoy the process. Modifications are underway
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 72
T1  - Three examples of how nurse students interpret and understand a study-task [Swedish]
A1  - Petersson,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000052872 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - VARD I NORDEN. 2000; 20(2): 35-8. (17 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - Swedish
KW  - *Student Attitudes
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - *Teaching Materials
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Conception
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Observational Methods
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Experiences
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - understanding
KW  - Videorecording
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
EP  - 38
JF  - Vard I Norden.Nursing Science and Research in the Nordic Countries.2000; 20(2): 35-8.(17 ref)
J1  - Vard I Norden.Nursing Science and Research in the Nordic Countries
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - The purpose with this study eras to investigate hors students relate their own experience and conceptions to their understanding of a written task. Recent research show that some crucial concepts that students have about different phenomena's are hard to change if the new information contradicts their previous views. The study is a case-study where the case consists of a written study-task, read and understood by tree female nurse students. These three students were observed and videotaped when thin king aloud about the task. The results indicate three assimilating approaches to the interpretation of the study-task: 'illuminating, "verifying", and "comparative" Only the "comparative" approach one observes that he/she is critical to the text being read for instance by testing the information read against own experience and conceptions and reverse. In the other two approaches the students use more of their own experience in order to confirm that what they already know. They are less critical to the content of the task
SN  - 0107-4083
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 73
T1  - A clinical effort toward maximizing evidence-based practice
A1  - Vanderkooy,J.
A1  - Bach,B.
A1  - Gross,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000020272 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - PHYSIOTHER CAN. 1999 Fall; 51(4): 273-9. (16 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Canada Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Physical Therapy
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Competency Assessment
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Disability Evaluation
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - strategies
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 273
EP  - 279
JF  - Physiotherapy Canada.1999 Fall; 51(4): 273-9.(16 ref)
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
N2  - PURPOSE: To improve our understanding of the validity and reliability of diagnostic tests and outcome measures commonly used in Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation (HHSC) physiotherapy clinical practice for musculoskeletal disorders and to maximally integrate external clinical evidence from systematic research with our clinical experience. METHOD: Step 1: Develop an inventory of typical orthopaedic tests and outcome measures used. Step 2: Design, distribute and analyze survey results on frequency of test or outcome measure use. Step 3: Present results to team. Step 4: Determine key areas in which increased learning is necessary. Step 5: Implement related education strategies. RESULTS: The survey results indicate no use of handicap measures, the use of four disability measures, and the use of 81 impairment measures. CONCLUSIONS: The five step process helped to focus one group's critical appraisal efforts to common problems in our clinical practice; to increase efficiency and effort in searching for and synthesizing scientific evidence; and to optimize clinical care
SN  - 0300-0508
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 74
T1  - Don't forget the Journal Club!
A1  - Wall,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000005465 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Health Visitor, West Hertfordshire Community Health Trust AS - PROF CARE MOTHER CHILD. 1999; 9(5): 115-6 SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Community Health Nursing
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Mother
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 116
JF  - Professional Care of Mother and Child.1999; 9(5): 115-6.
J1  - Professional Care of Mother and Child
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
N2  - Journal Clubs are an enjoyable part of professional development, says Alison Wall
SN  - 0964-4156
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 75
T1  - The use of reflective summary writing as a method of obtaining student feedback about entering physical therapy practice
A1  - Williams,R.M.
A1  - Wilkins,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2000003297 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 1999 Spring; 13(1): 28-33. (28 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research LG - English
KW  - *Physical Therapy
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - *Reflection
KW  - *Student Satisfaction/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Students,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Writing
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Computer
KW  - computer software
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Diaries
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Software
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.1999 Spring; 13(1): 28-33.(28 ref)
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - The purposes of this qualitative study were to obtain feedback from students as to how prepared they were prior to graduation from a problem-based program to enter physical therapy practice and to promote reflective thinking. Forty-eight students, during the final academic semester of a 2 year post-baccalaureate physical therapy program with a problem-based curriculum, completed a reflective summary (a short essay) on their perceptions of entering physical therapy practice. The reflective summary assignments were transcribed into the Ethnograph computer software program, and specific phenomena related to the students' feedback were identified, coded, and grouped into themes. The following themes were identified: 1) general preparation to enter clinical practice, 2) skills in problem solving, self-directed learning, small-group learning, and critical appraisal of the literature, 3) hands-on skills, 4) ability to work in a variety of groups, and 5) the link between the academic and clinical components of the program. Reflective summary writing is a useful educational strategy to obtain students' feedback on how prepared they are to enter clinical practice and to promote reflective thinking skills. It also assists in identifying areas of knowledge and skills that students feel are necessary to enter practice and may be helpful in designing curricula in problem-based education programs
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 76
T1  - Journal clubs -- a rationale for implementation
A1  - Buswell,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001061514 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Staff Nurse, Princess Mary's Hospital, RAF Akrotiri, Cypress, BFPO 57 AS - J COMMUNITY NURS. 1999 Sep; 13(9): 52-3. (9 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Staff
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 52
EP  - 53
JF  - Journal of Community Nursing.1999 Sep; 13(9): 52-3.(9 ref)
J1  - Journal of Community Nursing
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
N2  - Chris Buswell describes the benefits of journal clubs as a means of continuing nurse education and knowledge
SN  - 0263-4465
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 77
T1  - Benchmarking evidence-based nursing... including commentary by Thompson C
A1  - Cole,N.
A1  - Tucker,L.J.
A1  - Foxcroft,D.R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001024437 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Nurse, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth AS - NT RES. 2000 Sep-Oct; 5(5): 336-45. (22 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary, Research LG - English
KW  - *Benchmarking
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital
KW  - Nursing Units
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - Study
KW  - Trust
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 336
EP  - 345
JF  - NT Research.2000 Sep-Oct; 5(5): 336-45.(22 ref)
J1  - NT Research
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
N2  - The aim of this formative evaluation (action research) study was to develop and apply a set of criteria for benchmarking evidence-based nursing. There were three phases: the identification (through literature searches and contact with experts) of previous work on the development and assessment of evidence-based nursing; the development (through a consultation exercise) of criteria for measuring and benchmarking evidence-based nursing; and applying these criteria (through semi-structured interviews) in six discrete clinical areas., Numerous papers were found that discussed evidence-based nursing and barriers to research utilisation, but no previous work on benchmarking or assessing evidence-based nursing was found. Fourteen 'benchmarking evidence-based nursing' criteria were developed, organised around four key themes for achieving effective practice: Selecting a particular aspect of practice to question or examine; finding out from the literature, professional networks and other sources what is current best practice, and critically appraising the available literature and sources of information; implementing and/or learning how to provide best-known clinical practice; and confirming that you are providing best practice., All six clinical areas were generally poor on all 14 benchmarking criteria. However, there were some positive attributes: nurses with degree level post-registration education had better knowledge of searching for and critically appraising research; some senior clinical specialists were supportive of evidence-based changes; and one ward had stronger communication/dissemination links for relevant evidence with related clinical areas (paediatrics)., It was concluded that the benchmarking tool developed in the study was useful in identifying positive and negative aspects of evidence-based nursing practice. The tool may be helpful to other organisations considering how to take forward evidence-based nursing practice
SN  - 1361-4096
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 78
T1  - Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research journal club. [commentary on] Pejlert A, Asplund K, Gilje F et al. (1998) The meaning of caring for patients on a long-term psychiatric ward as narrated by formal care providers. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC AND MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 5: 255-64
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001096973 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Senior Lecturer in Mental Health, University of Ulster AS - BR J NURS. 2001 Feb 22-Mar 7; 10(4): 247-8. (17 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Psychiatric Care
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - meaning
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Psychiatric Units
KW  - Research
KW  - Research,Nursing
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 247
EP  - 248
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2001 Feb 22-Mar 7; 10(4): 247-8.(17 ref)
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 79
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club... commentary on Waite A, Carson J, Cullen D, Oliver N, Holloway F, Missenden K (1997) Case management: a week in the life of a clincial case management team. J Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 4: 287-94
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Ward,M.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001081080 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Senior Lecturer in Mental Health, University of Ulster AS - BR J NURS. 2000 Nov 23-Dec 7; 9(21): 2232-4. (24 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Case Management
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - *Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Management
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Life
KW  - Management
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2232
EP  - 2234
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2000 Nov 23-Dec 7; 9(21): 2232-4.(24 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 21
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 80
T1  - Establishing a journal club in an occupational therapy service: one service's experience
A1  - Dingle,J.
A1  - Hooper,L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001028858 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Senior Occupational Therapist, Edward Street Hospital, Edward Street, West Bromwich, West Midlands B70 8NL AS - BR J OCCUP THER. 2000 Nov; 63(11): 554-6. (6 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Occupational Therapy Service
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 554
EP  - 556
JF  - British Journal of Occupational Therapy.2000 Nov; 63(11): 554-6.(6 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Occupational Therapy
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
SN  - 0308-0226
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 81
T1  - Integrating digital educational content created and stored within disparate software environments: an extensible markup language (XML) solution in real-world use... SCAR 2001: Proceedings of the 18th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology, Salt Lake City, UT, May 3-6, 2001
A1  - Frank,M.S.
A1  - Schultz,T.
A1  - Dreyer,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001094278 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Zero Emerson Place, Suite 3E, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: frank.mark@mgh.harvard.edu AS - J DIGIT IMAGING. 2001 Jun; 14(2): Suppl 1: 92-7 SB - Allied Health Journals. Biomedical Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Diagnostic Images, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Image Retrieval Systems
KW  - *Libraries,Electronic
KW  - *Radiography/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Automation
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - City
KW  - Coding
KW  - Computer
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Imagery
KW  - images
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Model
KW  - Radiology
KW  - relationships
KW  - Software
KW  - Symposium
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Materials,Clinical
KW  - Technology
KW  - transform
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
KW  - XML
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 7
JF  - Journal of Digital Imaging.2001 Jun; 14(2): Suppl 1: 92-7.
J1  - Journal of Digital Imaging
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To provide a standardized and scaleable mechanism for exchanging digital radiologic educational content between software systems that use disparate authoring, storage, and presentation technologies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Our institution uses two distinct software systems for creating educational content for radiology. Each system is used to create in-house educational content as well as commercial educational products. One system is an authoring and viewing application that facilitates the input and storage of hierarchical knowledge and associated imagery, and is capable of supporting a variety of entity relationships. This system is primarily used for the production and subsequent viewing of educational CD-ROMS. Another software system is primarily used for radiologic education on the world wide web. This system facilitates input and storage of interactive knowledge and associated imagery, delivering this content over the internet in a Socratic manner simulating in-person interaction with an expert. A subset of knowledge entities common to both systems was derived. An additional subset of knowledge entities that could be bidirectionally mapped via algorithmic transforms was also derived. An extensible markup language (XML) object model and associated lexicon were then created to represent these knowledge entities and their interactive behaviors. Forward-looking attention was exercised in the creation of the object model in order to facilitate straightforward future integration of other sources of educational content. XML generators and interpreters were written for both systems. RESULTS: Deriving the XML object model and lexicon was the most critical and time-consuming aspect of the project. The coding of the XML generators and interpreters required only a few hours for each environment. Subsequently, the transfer of hundreds of educational cases and thematic presentations between the systems can now be accomplished in a matter of minutes. The use of algorithmic transforms results in nearly 100% transfer of context as well as content, thus providing "presentation-ready" outcomes. CONCLUSION: The automation of knowledge exchange between dissimilar digital teaching environments magnifies the efforts of educators and enriches the learning experience for participants. XML is a powerful and useful mechanism for transfering educational content, as well as the context and interactive behaviors of such content, between disparate systems. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
SN  - 0897-1889
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 82
T1  - What do we mean by evidence? Implications for primary health care nursing
A1  - Kendall,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001020985 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Professor of Primary Health Care Nursing, Faculty of Health Studies, Buckinghamshire College, Calfont St. Giles, UK AS - J INTERPROF CARE. 1997 Apr; 11(1): 23-34. (42 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Nursing/td [Trends]
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - critical inquiry
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - meaning
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Office Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
JF  - Journal of Interprofessional Care.1997 Apr; 11(1): 23-34.(42 ref)
J1  - Journal of Interprofessional Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence based practice is currently high on the health care agenda. It is proposed that, not only should health care be based on research findings, but that health professionals should be able to critically appraise the evidence available in order to apply research to practice. It is important for nurses working in primary care to utilise evidence within an area of practice which can be wide ranging -- from leg ulcer management to health promotion and counselling. This paper argues that, in order to give the highest quality of care, nurses working in primary care need to consider the meaning of evidence and to draw on evidence arising from different philosophical research positions. The notion of critical inquiry is proposed as an alternative position to the randomized controlled trial and the origins and applications of these approaches are explored within the context of primary care
SN  - 1356-1820
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 83
T1  - Journal club. Current trends in postoperative pain management... commentary on Griffin, M., Brennan, L., & McShane, A. (1998). Preoperative education and outcome of patient controlled analgesia. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 45(10), 943-948
A1  - Mooney,K.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001108207 IN - Pediatric Surgery Nurse, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI AS - PLAST SURG NURS. 2000 Winter; 20(4): 232 SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Patient-Controlled Analgesia
KW  - *Postoperative Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Preoperative Education
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Inpatients
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Outcomes (Health Care)
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Controlled Analgesia
KW  - Pediatric Surgery
KW  - Postoperative Pain
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Surgery
KW  - trends
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 232
JF  - Plastic Surgical Nursing.2000 Winter; 20(4): 232.
J1  - Plastic Surgical Nursing
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SN  - 0741-5206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 84
T1  - A model for evidence-based electrotherapy in an undergraduate curriculum
A1  - Papadopoulos,M.
A1  - Jordaan,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001016094 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Physiotherapy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001; mpapadop@postillion.up.ac.za AS - S AFR J PHYSIOTHER. 2000 Nov; 56(4): 31-5. (9 ref) SB - African Journals. Allied Health Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Electrotherapy/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Funding
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - Models,Educational
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Assessment
KW  - patients
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - undergraduate curriculum
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 35
JF  - South African Journal of Physiotherapy.2000 Nov; 56(4): 31-5.(9 ref)
J1  - South African Journal of Physiotherapy
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
N2  - All physiotherapists have a responsibility not only to their patients but also to their colleagues and health care funding sources to provide interventions that are sound in theory and supported by well-controlled experimental studies. The principles of evidence-based practice should be implemented in an undergraduate curriculum in order to assist students to acquire skills to obtain and use relevant information. The aim of this paper is to present a model to integrate the activities of patient assessment and information processing, critical appraisal and evidence-based practice into clinical decision-making of electrotherapy application. The model as well as the results and evaluation thereof are discussed
SN  - 0379-6175
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 85
T1  - A survey of the use of evidence-based health care in chiropractic college clinics
A1  - Rose,K.A.
A1  - Adams,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001000139 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Los Angeles College of Chiropractic AS - J CHIROPRACT EDUC. 2000 Fall; 14(2): 71-7. (23 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts, Website LG - English
KW  - *Education,Chiropractic
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - *Schools,Health Occupations
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Mail
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
EP  - 77
JF  - Journal of Chiropractic Education.2000 Fall; 14(2): 71-7.(23 ref)
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - The purpose of this article is to explore to what extent evidence-based health care (EBHC) methods are being utilized in chiropractic college clinics. A survey was mailed to the clinic administrator/director of every chiropractic college identified worldwide. The response rate was 78%, A majority of colleges required their interns to participate in oral case presentations (67%) and write case reports (65%), but only small minorities were required to generate research questions (11%) or conduct literature searches routinely (18%), No college required their interns to participate in formal journal clubs. Interns were more likely to rely on clinic faculty, preclinic class instruction, and textbooks for information on how to deal with clinic cases, rather than literature searches or health care journal articles. This study seems to show that EBHC methods are not being widely used in chiropractic college clinics worldwide. The literature suggests that EBHC can result in better patient care. EBHC methods should be incorporated into chiropractic college clinic practices. Effective strategies for implementation need to be developed, and faculty development will be required
SN  - 1042-5055
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 86
T1  - Making sense of the evidence
A1  - Spittlehouse,C.
A1  - Acton,M.
A1  - Enock,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001076830 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Project Officer, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Oxford AS - MANAGING COMMUNITY CARE. 2000 Jun; 8(3): 24-7. (4 ref) SB - Online/Print. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Outcomes of Education
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Social Work Practice
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Paper
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 24
EP  - 27
JF  - Managing Community Care.2000 Jun; 8(3): 24-7.(4 ref)
J1  - Managing Community Care
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
N2  - Using evidence in social services decision-making is becoming increasingly important. Through the Centre for Evidence-Based Social Services, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme has developed training for social services practitioners to enable them to develop skills in making sense of research papers, in order to use this evidence appropriately
SN  - 1461-5436
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 87
T1  - An update on the EDTNA/ERCA dialysis technology journal club
A1  - Stragier,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001005682 AS - CANNT J. 2000 Jul-Sep; 10(3): 61 SB - Canada Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Nephrology Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Dialysis
KW  - English
KW  - Europe
KW  - journal
KW  - Nephrology Nursing/og [Organizations]
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Technology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
JF  - CANNT Journal.2000 Jul-Sep; 10(3): 61.
J1  - CANNT Journal
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SN  - 1498-5136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 88
T1  - Evaluative properties of critical thinking tests: change scores from students in physical therapy and other health care professions
A1  - Wilson,R.W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001032439 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, School of Physical Therapy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 77, Tampa, FL 33612-4766; rwilson@hsc.usf.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2000 Fall; 14(2): 27-31. (34 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Equations & Formulas, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Aptitude Tests/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Research Instruments/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Students,Physical Therapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Concurrent Validity
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - dispositions
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Florida
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Outcomes of Education/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - responsiveness
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Test-Retest Reliability
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 31
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2000 Fall; 14(2): 27-31.(34 ref)
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - This study examined the reliability, responsiveness, and concurrent validity of three commercially available tests of critical thinking. Fifty-four students in a graduate professional education program for physical therapists volunteered to participate in this prospective pretestretestposttest design. Pretest data were collected within 2 weeks of matriculation, and subjects were retested 3 weeks later to establish stability of critical thinking scores. Posttest data were gathered following two semesters ofstudy, which included instruction on evidence-based practice and clinical decision making. Test-retest reliability and responsiveness statistics for the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) and the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI) were calculated from the data. Reliability data supplied in the test manual were used to calculate responsiveness statistics for the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). Intraclass correlation coefficients were found to be. 74 for the CCTST and. 79 for the CCTDI. Test-retest reliability for the WGCTA was reported as .73. Critical values (P<.05) for minimum reliable change were calculated to be 4 points for both the CCTST and WGCTA and 19 points for the CCTDI These criteria were applied to data from this study and to results published by previous investigators to determine whether reported critical thinking gains actually represented meaningful change. Scores produced by the CCTST CCTDI, and WGCTA in this study and in previous studies failed to achieve threshold values for meaningful improvement. Commercially available critical thinking tests designed for a general population do not appear to be useful for assessing critical thinking gains made by health care professions students
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 89
T1  - Evidence-based practice: a resource for physical therapists
A1  - Wong,R.A.
A1  - Barr,J.O.
A1  - Farina,N.
A1  - Lusardi,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001053980 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Marymount University, 2807 N Glebe Rd, Arlington, VA 22207; rwong@marymount.edu AS - ISSUES AGING. 2000; 23(3): 19-26. (24 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. Public Health. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts, Website LG - English
KW  - *Information Resources
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Physical Therapy
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Aging
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - definition
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Clearinghouses
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - problems
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Resource Databases,Health
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 26
JF  - Issues on Aging.2000; 23(3): 19-26.(24 ref)
J1  - Issues on Aging
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
N2  - This article introduces evidence-based practice (EBP) as a framework for clinical decision-making by physical therapists. General concepts related to EBP are reviewed, including key definitions. Since EBP uses professional literature to solve clinical problems, it is important to understand how various sources of information are organized. Unscreened (eg, Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and screened (eg, Cochrane Library, Best-evidence ACP Journal Club, PEDro) databases and clinical guidelines are examined for its utility. Constraints and search strategies for electronic databases and practical suggestions for approaches to information retrieval are explained. Steps to be taken for assessing the strength and quality of evidence gathered are outlined with a focus on strategies for critical appraisal (CA) of the literature. Critical appraisal is discussed in relation to a hierarchy for the strength of evidence, and sample checklists for CA of individual research articles and systematic reviews are provided
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 90
T1  - Cafe Jus: an electronic journals user survey
A1  - Woodward,H.
A1  - Rowland,F.
A1  - McKnight,C.
A1  - Pritchett,C.
A1  - Meadows,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001114009 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Department of Information and Library Studies, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; H.Woodward@cranfield.ac.uk AS - J DIGIT INF. 1998 Sep; 1(3): 17p. (11 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Electronic Publications/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Serial Publications
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - discipline
KW  - Electronic Publishing
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Graphical User Interface
KW  - Information
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Male
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Printing
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
KW  - Structured Questionnaires
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Graduate
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 17p
JF  - Journal of Digital Information.1998 Sep; 1(3): 17p.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Digital Information
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - During 1996, the number of scholarly periodicals available in electronic form increased rapidly. The Cafe Jus project took advantage of this critical mass of electronic journals to mount a major user study with taught postgraduate students, research students and staff in various disciplines at Loughborough University. The main conclusions were that low-level technical problems are still a deterrent to the use of electronic journals; that people prefer not to read at length on screen, but printing out is slow; that commercial publishers tend to follow the lead of technology rather than consider the convenience of their users; that at present there is a significant need for user training, exacerbated by the variety of publishers' interfaces and their speed of change; and that free journals using HTML are preferred to commercial journals using PDF for convenience of reading, but they are likely to be regarded as of lower academic quality. The implications of these results for publishers and for the future of electronic journals are discussed
SN  - 1368-7506
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 91
T1  - All children are ready to learn: an emergent versus readiness perspective in early literacy assessment
A1  - Erickson,K.A.
Y1  - 275///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001005311 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Education, University of New Hampshire, 62 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824; karene@cisunix.unh.edu AS - SEMIN SPEECH LANG. 2000; 21(3): 193-203, 275-6. (28 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Speech and Language Assessment
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Child
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Communication
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Literacy
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing/ev [Evaluation]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 193
EP  - 203
JF  - Seminars in Speech and Language.2000; 21(3): 193-203, 275-6.(28 ref)
J1  - Seminars in Speech and Language
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - Assessment of emergent literacy is relatively new to the field of communication disorders. Traditional approaches to reading assessment evaluated mastery of reading readiness skills. By contrast, emergent literacy assessment evaluates the increased awareness and understanding of print that begin early in development. One of the most influential figures in emergent literacy assessment has been Marie M. Clay. She has defined critical components of emergent literacy and, in so doing, has played an integral role in the paradigm shift from a reading readiness to an emergent literacy perspective. This article is intended to distinguish emergent literacy from reading readiness, explicate Marie Clay's contribution to our current understanding of effective emergent literacy assessment, and provide some guidance in using her assessment techniques with children with significant disabilities
SN  - 0734-0478
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 92
T1  - Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade
A1  - Green,B.N.
A1  - Johnson,C.D.
A1  - Adams,A.
Y1  - 1953///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2001057131 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Professor, Palmer College of Chiropractic West, 90 E. Tasman Dr., San Jose, CA 95134. E-mail: Green_B@palmer.edu AS - J SPORTS CHIROPRACT REHABIL. 2001 Mar; 15(1): 5-19, 53-4. (32 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions LG - English
KW  - *Literature Review
KW  - *Writing for Publication
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Literature Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - Meta Analysis/mt [Methods]
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Sport
KW  - Standard
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - texts
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 19
JF  - Journal of Sports Chiropractic & Rehabilitation.2001 Mar; 15(1): 5-19, 53-4.(32 ref)
J1  - Journal of Sports Chiropractic & Rehabilitation
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - objective: To describe and discuss the process used to write a narrative review of the literature for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The JSCR wishes to standardize its publication of narrative overviews of the literature to increase their objectivity., background: In the past decade numerous changes in research methodology pertaining to reviews of the literature have occurred. These changes necessitate authors of review articles to be familiar with current standards in the publication process., methods: Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts., discussion: An overview of the use of three types of reviews of the literature is presented. Step by step instructions for how to conduct and write a narrative overview utilizing a 'best-evidence synthesis' approach are discussed, starting with appropriate preparatory work and ending with how to create proper illustrations. Several resources for creating reviews of the literature are presented and a narrative overview critical appraisal worksheet is included. A bibliography of other useful reading is presented in an appendix., conclusion: Narrative overviews can be a valuable contribution to the literature if prepared properly. New and experienced authors wishing to write a narrative overview should find this article useful in constructing such a paper and carrying out the research process. It is hoped that this article will stimulate scholarly dialog amongst colleagues about this research design and other complex literature review methods
SN  - 1084-1288
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 93
T1  - Critical appraisal of scientific evidence [Spanish]
A1  - Arteaga,Dominguez A.
A1  - Garcia,Gonzalez C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002076373 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - REHABILITACION. 2001; 35(6): 383-7. (52 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - Spanish
KW  - *Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Rehabilitation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Literature/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 383
EP  - 387
JF  - Rehabilitacion.2001; 35(6): 383-7.(52 ref)
J1  - Rehabilitacion
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
N2  - Critical appraisal is a structured form of reading scientific articles, which makes it possible to obtain their key characteristics. It constitutes one of the central elements of Evidence Based Medicine. One group of experts on Evidence Based Medicine has developed the "guidelines for medical literature users", in which different questionnaires are used for different types of publications. All the questionnaires are organized on the basis of three basic questions: validity, importance of the results and applicability. However, these guidelines do not contemplate all the possible designs of clinical investigation, among which many of the alternative designs that exist to know the efficacy and effectivity of the rehabilitation treatment are included. In addition, the measurements of the results are complex and different in the rehabilitation articles, and it must be verified if the most relevant ones have been chosen according to the study objective and, above all, that these measurements have an acceptable reliability and validity
SN  - 0048-7120
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 94
T1  - How acute care nurse practitioners in specialty practice interpret their role
A1  - Balkon,N.A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002062845 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Adelphi University) **2000; Ph.D. 165 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9995025 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Acute Care Nurse Practitioners
KW  - *Nursing Role
KW  - *Specialties,Medical
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - definition
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Field Notes
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - Note
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - self
KW  - Skill
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Study
KW  - Thematic Analysis
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 165
N2  - The nurse practitioner role is unlike any other in nursing since its occupants are required to blend the knowledge and skills of nursing with those of medicine. Little is known about the intricacies of implementing the role of the acute care nurse practitioner in a specialty medical practice setting. This particular area of ACNP practice is expanding and represents the leading edge of the nurse practitioner movement. Understanding this role in terms of process, role socialization, and barriers to practice is important because it informs nursing education, nursing policy, and governmental regulation., The purpose of this study was to reveal how acute care purse practitioners in specialty practice interpret their role. If asked, "What is it like to be an acute care nurse practitioner in specialty practice?", an answer is not readily found in the nursing, medical, or other health related literature. Participants in this study met the following inclusion criteria; each held a current license to practice as a nurse practitioner in New York State, each was prepared as a nurse practitioner in a nurse practitioner master's degree program, each had practiced as an acute care nurse practitioner for a minimum of three years full-time, and each was affiliated with a medical specialty practice., A qualitative, descriptive, interpretive approach was used to investigate and describe the nature of the acute care nurse practitioner role. The study population consisted of a purposeful sample of six master's prepared nurse practitioners who practiced in acute care medical specialty settings within the Metropolitan New York area. The data collected consisted of transcribed audiotaped recordings, participant demographics, and field notes. Qualitative data analysis was accomplished by applying the guidelines set forth by Bogdan and Biklen (1998)., The themes that evolved from data analysis and interpretation, employing an interpretive framework constructed from the symbolic interactionism domain creation of selves, were designated Self-Identity Themes. The four themes identified were: self-satisfaction, cognitive dissonance as a challenge and motivator, knowing oneself and relying on others, and identity. These themes were considered in the context of self, identity, and definition of situation and resulted in the identification of four identities common to all participants. The dominant identity claimed was nurse practitioner. Participants also viewed themselves as affiliated with a medical specialty, as employees, and as critical care nurses, All participants demonstrated attributes consistent with mutable self (Zurcher, 1977) and considered themselves expert performers as defined by Benner (1984a). These nurse practitioners in specialty medical practice appeared to blur the boundaries between nursing and medicine., The inferences drawn from this study were that the acute nurse practitioner in specialty practice keeps the nurse in nurse practitioner, is a unique health care provider, is blurring the boundaries of nursing and medicine, exhibits a high degree of role satisfaction, thrives on cognitive dissonance, and has established the self identities of nurse practitioner, medical practice specialty associate, and critical care nurse. This study has implications for nursing practice, nursing education, health care, and recommendations for future nursing research
SN  - 978-0-493-02607-7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 95
T1  - How journal clubs can overcome barriers to research utilization... [part one]
A1  - Bannigan,K.
A1  - Hooper,L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002170029 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior 1 Lecturer, School of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside, Middlesborough TS1 3BA AS - BR J THER REHABIL. 2002 Aug; 9(8): 299-303. (19 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Case Study, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Insight
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - play
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 299
EP  - 303
JF  - British Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation.2002 Aug; 9(8): 299-303.(19 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
N2  - The second of this two-part article will focus on journal clubs - an intervention used to increase the use of research findings and provide a forum for critical appraisal. This article introduces the concept of a journal club, explores the roles that they can play in overcoming barriers to research utilization, and provides an insight into how to establish a journal club
SN  - 1354-8581
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 96
T1  - The importance of overcoming barriers to research utilization... first of this two-part article
A1  - Bannigan,K.
A1  - Bryar,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002136966 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Lecturer, School of Health and Social Care, University of Teeside, Middlesborough TS1 3BA AS - BR J THER REHABIL. 2002 Jul; 9(7): 270-3. (20 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Allied Health Professions
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - context
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - School
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 273
JF  - British Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation.2002 Jul; 9(7): 270-3.(20 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
N2  - Allied health professionals do not routinely use research findings in their work. This first of this two-part article will define research utilization, place it in the context of the modernization agenda, and review literature on the barriers to research utilization. The second will focus on journal clubs, which could be used to overcome these barriers, thus increasing the routine use of research findings
SN  - 1354-8581
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 97
T1  - Network for Psychiatric Nursing Research Journal Club
A1  - Beech,I.
A1  - Fothergil,A.
A1  - Hannigan,B.
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.
A1  - Ward,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002057888 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Lecturer, University of Glamorgan AS - BR J NURS. 2001 May 24-Jun 13; 10(10): 665-6. (16 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - *Research,Nursing/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nurse Attitudes
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 665
EP  - 666
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2001 May 24-Jun 13; 10(10): 665-6.(16 ref)
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 98
T1  - The effect of a peer to peer strategy within radiation therapy and nursing clinical settings on the development of critical thinking skills
A1  - Belinsky,S.B.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002090602 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (University of Massachusetts Lowell) **2000; Ed.D. 146 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9961539 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Associate
KW  - *Education,Radiologic Technology
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - intervention
KW  - Literature
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Responses
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing,Associate
KW  - Students,Radiologic Technology
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - trends
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 146
N2  - Today's health care delivery system is changing at a rapid rate. Present and future health care trends indicate that roles and responsibilities of entry level practitioners are expanding. It is important to have students develop the cognitive flexibility to adequately prepare for changes in a dynamic health care system. The cultivation of critical thinking skills is seen as one way to assist health care workers in making informed decisions., The development of critical thinking skills through a Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning (GRPQ) technique (King, 1990) is the focus of this investigation. The literature indicates that the use of GRPQ as a teaching strategy may promote high elaborative questioning which in turn induces high elaborative responses characteristic of improved critical thinking skills (Webb, 1989)., The research question addressed in this study is: What is the effect of using a guided reciprocal peer-questioning technique on the development of critical thinking skills of nursing and radiation therapy students?, The study was conducted in 3 higher educational institutions offering associate degree programs. The cohort for this research was nursing and radiation therapy technology students enrolled in a clinical course and accompanying post clinical conferences (N = 38). The experimental group (n = 23) consisted of 21 nursing students and 2 radiation therapy students. The control group (n = 15) consisted of 13 nursing students and 2 radiation therapy students. An initial demographic survey and a pre Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal was administered to all subjects. A post Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal was given after the last post clinical conference had been conducted., GRPQ was incorporated into the experimental group's weekly one hour post-clinical session, in which students were required to generate 2-3 questions based on their actual clinical experience for that particular week. Working in dyads, one student asked her/his partner a question that s/he had generated, to which the partner responded. The procedure was reversed so that each member of the pair asked and responded to questions. The post-clinical conferences were conducted for approximately one hour once a week facilitated by a clinical faculty member. These conferences were audiotaped and coded. The control group participated in conferences, which were conducted in the traditional manner of discussions between students and clinical faculty with no specific questioning technique employed. These conferences were audiotaped and coded in a similar manner. The study occurred over 6 weeks., An ANOVA was performed on the pretest and post-test Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal scores of the experimental group and the control group. Critical thinking scores decreased significantly. A Chi-square test was performed to see if there was any association between the GRPQ intervention and the level of questions asked and responses given. The findings showed there was a strong association. The experimental group provided significantly more high level responses and fewer low level responses when the GRPQ technique was used than would be expected when this technique was not employed
SN  - 978-0-599-65431-0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 99
T1  - Research... The CRItical Skills Training in Appraisal for Librarians (CriSTAL) project
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Brice,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002012889 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Health Care Libraries Unit, University of Oxford AS - HEALTH INF LIBR J. 2001 Sep; 18(3): 175-7. (7 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Sciences Librarians/ed [Education]
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Seminars and Workshops
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Sciences Librarianship
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study Design/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 177
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2001 Sep; 18(3): 175-7.(7 ref)
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 100
T1  - Evidence-based practice: assessing the quality of the evidence, part II: grading the evidence
A1  - Chung,F.
A1  - Reid,W.D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002036468 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Physiotherapist, Burnaby Hospital, 3935 Kincaid St, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 2X6, Canada. E-mail: Fchung@sfhr.hnet.bc.ca AS - CARDIOPULM PHYS THER J. 2001 Dec; 12(4): 117-22. (54 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Article
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
JF  - Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal.2001 Dec; 12(4): 117-22.(54 ref)
J1  - Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Critical review of the literature in order to provide high quality, evidence-based care to our clients can be facilitated by reading systematic reviews. Part II: Grading the Evidence- will describe the various aspects of reviewing the quality of research studies, combining study results in systematic reviews, and assessing the quality of review articles. Clinical trials can be graded by various schemes outlined in the literature that examines the research design, processes of randomization and blinding, and reliability and validity of outcomes. Systematic reviews, which use scientific strategies to assemble, appraise and integrate outcomes from different studies, may be a more objective way to review the literature than narrative reviews. A meta-analysis is a systematic review that uses statistical methods to combine data from various studies. The merits and shortcomings of meta-analyses and grading studies will be described. Lastly, issues related to data validity, its presentation, and transformation will be outlined. In conclusion, clinicians should avoid scanning research papers and accepting the conclusions at face value. By applying some of the basic principles outlined in this paper, the clinician can scrutinize the scientific rigor of the methods outlined in research papers including review papers and thus, assess the merit of the results and conclusions outlined
SN  - 1541-7891
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 101
T1  - Preventive care in the emergency department: a systematic literature review on emergency department-based interventions that address smoke detectors in the home
A1  - Cortes,L.M.
A1  - Hargarten,S.W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002115859 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Injury Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226; lmaas@mcw.edu AS - ACAD EMERG MED. 2001 Sep; 8(9): 925-9. (21 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Service
KW  - *Fires/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - *Home Safety
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - College
KW  - Counseling
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Device
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Home
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Parent
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Preventive Health Care
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Validity
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 925
EP  - 929
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2001 Sep; 8(9): 925-9.(21 ref)
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of an emergency department (ED)-based strategy to identify and counsel selected patients about the importance of an operational smoke detector in the home and to offer a graded recommendation regarding such a strategy. METHODS: A systematic review was facilitated through the use of a structured template, a companion explanatory piece, and a grading and methodological scoring system based on published criteria for critical appraisal. Two Medline combined searches were performed using the following terms: emergency medical services and counseling, protective devices and smoke detectors, accidents, home, burns, fires, and residential fires. A free-text search of indexed and nonindexed citations in Emergency Medical Abstracts from 1977 to 1999 and a search of the Cochrane Library were also performed. In addition, reviewers performed independent Medline searches and suggested four additional studies. Studies selected for inclusion in this systematic review were required to meet the following criteria: 1) report ED-based research and 2) address the topic of fire and burn prevention with some pertinent discussion of ED-based interventions. The initial inclusion criteria had restricted studies to those that reported the results of counseling strategies for smoke detectors. The authors later decided to consider, as indirectly relevant, studies that did not investigate counseling strategies. Data from the selected studies were extracted using the template form, and the validity and applicability of the results to emergency practice were assessed. Recommendations were derived following criteria developed by a systematic review of preventive interventions in the ED. RESULTS: Six articles were closely reviewed. Four of the six studies met the inclusion criteria. One other study that did not meet the inclusion criteria was also considered. No study focused specifically on the counseling of ED patients about smoke detectors. CONCLUSIONS: Following the criteria of the graded recommendations used for the parent project. a recommendation cannot be made either for or against an ED-based strategy to counsel patients on the importance of smoke detectors. No studies located in our review directly assessed the effectiveness of such a strategy. Based on the retrospective case series study of the potential opportunity for a home fire safety intervention during an emergency medical services visit and the Safe Block Project study, it may be worthwhile to consider further research on the effectiveness of systems-level/structural interventions, with a targeted focus on strategies that attempt to overcome barriers associated with active interventions
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 102
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.J.R.
A1  - Jackson,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002075988 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Assistant Professor, University of Alberta, Canada AS - BR J NURS. 2001 Nov 22-Dec 12; 10(21): 1412-3. (16 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Impairment,Health Professional
KW  - *Occupational Exposure
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - *Research Methodology
KW  - *Workplace Violence
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1412
EP  - 1413
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2001 Nov 22-Dec 12; 10(21): 1412-3.(16 ref)
VL  - 10
IS  - 21
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.J.R.
A1  - Jones,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002110391 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Assistant Professor, University of Alberta, Canada AS - BR J NURS. 2002 Feb 14-27; 11(3): 187-9. (11 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Community Mental Health Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 187
EP  - 189
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2002 Feb 14-27; 11(3): 187-9.(11 ref)
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club... Fletcher RF (1999) The process of constant observation: perspectives of staff and suicidal patients. J Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 6: 9-14
A1  - Cutcliffe,J.R.
A1  - Jones,J.
A1  - Jackson,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002060154 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Lecturer in Mental Health, University of Ulster AS - BR J NURS. 2001 Aug 9-Sep 12; 10(15): 991-3. (28 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - *Suicidal Ideation/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clients
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnographic Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Ethnographic Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - health
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse Attitudes
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Interventions
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Observation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Attitudes
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 991
EP  - 993
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2001 Aug 9-Sep 12; 10(15): 991-3.(28 ref)
VL  - 10
IS  - 15
N2  - This article reports on a study which attempted to explore the perceptions of staff regarding the nursing activity of 'constant observations' of suicidal clients in mental health settings. The paper also attempted to elicit the perceptions of clients and then compare both the nursing and client perceptions. The two categories of nursing interventions -- therapeutic and controlling -- were identified by both groups. Inconsistencies of the perceptions between the two groups were also noted. The author then discussed and explored the implications of these findings
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105
T1  - Critical appraisal of prognostic studies: an introduction
A1  - de,Bie R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002022276 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands. E-mail: ra.debie@epid.unimaas.nl AS - PHYSIOTHER THEORY PRACT. 2001 Jul-Sep; 17(3): 161-71. (22 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Prognosis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 161
EP  - 171
JF  - Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2001 Jul-Sep; 17(3): 161-71.(22 ref)
J1  - Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
N2  - This article explores questions and the theoretical framework that surround prognostic research. After setting definitions and providing examples, it provides guidelines for assessing prognosis, which in turn can serve as key points for performing small scale prognostic research in a physiotherapy setting. The guidelines for prognosis are illustrated by working through an example
SN  - 0959-3985
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106
T1  - Editor's note: journal clubs
A1  - Deutsch,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002065530 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - NEUROL REP. 2002 Mar; 26(1): 1-2. (2 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Note
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
JF  - Neurology Report.2002 Mar; 26(1): 1-2.(2 ref)
J1  - Neurology Report
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SN  - 1085-049X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107
T1  - Monograph review: critical appraisal: nursing theories in practice, education and research
A1  - Eldh,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002044646 IN - Care Development Coordinator, St Gorans Sjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden AS - THEORIA J NURS THEORY. 2001; 10(3): 17-9 SB - European Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Theory
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Congresses and Conferences
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Science
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - Nursing Theory/og [Organizations]
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sweden
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 17
EP  - 19
JF  - Theoria Journal of Nursing Theory.2001; 10(3): 17-9.
J1  - Theoria Journal of Nursing Theory
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SN  - 1400-8033
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 108
T1  - A critical appraisal primer
A1  - Evans,M.F.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002067607 IN - Department of Family & Community Medicine, The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto AS - EVID BASED PRACT. 1998 May; 1(5): 11-2, insert 2p SB - Biomedical Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Brief Item, CEU, Exam Questions, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Trials
KW  - *Relative Risk
KW  - *Statistics
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cerebral Vascular Accident/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Consumer Health Information
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Diabetic Neuropathies/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Insulin/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research Subjects
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 12
JF  - Evidence-Based Practice.1998 May; 1(5): 11-2, insert 2p.
J1  - Evidence-Based Practice
VL  - 1
IS  - 5
SN  - 1095-4120
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109
T1  - Reenergize your unit by starting a journal club
A1  - Garee,D.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002091389 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - NURS SPECTRUM (PHILADELPHIA TRI STATE). 2001 Nov 19; 10(23): 12-3. (3 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Anecdote LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 13
JF  - Nursing Spectrum (Greater Philadelphia/Tri-State Edition).2001 Nov 19; 10(23): 12-3.(3 ref)
VL  - 10
IS  - Greater Philadelphia/Tri-State Edition
SN  - 1074-858X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 110
T1  - NT practice solutions... journal club
A1  - Gormley,P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002011526 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Ward Sister, Programme of Care for Older People, Waterside Hospital, Londonderry AS - NURS TIMES. 2001 Sep 27-Oct 3; 97(39): 37. (2 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Questions and Answers LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Units
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Implementation
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
JF  - Nursing Times.2001 Sep 27-Oct 3; 97(39): 37.(2 ref)
VL  - 97
IS  - 39
N2  - Do you have a problem relating to clinical practice that you would like advice on? This week Philomena Gormley shares her experiences of running a successful journal club
SN  - 0954-7762
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 111
T1  - An investigation of critical thinking, critical thinking dispositions, and preferred learning styles of nursing students in a baccalaureate nursing program
A1  - Heath,L.S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002110872 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Walden University) **2000; Ph.D. 158 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9959021 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Learning Styles
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Authority
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Correlational Studies
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - dispositions
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Learning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Midwestern United States
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Organization
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Study
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 158
N2  - This descriptive correlational study examined the critical thinking abilities, critical thinking dispositions, and preferred learning styles of baccalaureate nursing students in an accredited nursing program from time of entry to exit. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI), the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), and the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) were the instruments used. Correlational measurements were done with a convenience sample of 71 baccalaureate nursing students from a nursing program in the Midwest. Results indicated that students were entering the program with overall positive dispositions toward critical thinking. There was not a significant growth in critical thinking abilities from program entry to exit as measured by either the CCTST or the WGCTA. Learning style preferences identified as most important by students when learning new or difficult information were (a) the need for structure and organization, (b) having an authority present while learning who frequently checks with the student, (c) the time of day (most preferred afternoon), and (d) learning in an environment that was warm. Cross tabulations were performed for the preferred learning styles and critical thinking dispositions. These tabulations were performed for the most important subcategory (temperature, structure, authority present, learning in the afternoon) from each major preference category (environment, emotional needs, sociological needs, physical needs) and the seven critical thinking dispositions. When the student's preference for structure while learning was cross-tabulated with the disposition of systematicity, the trend was to prefer less structure as the disposition of systematicity strengthened. As students develop their organizational abilities, the need for structure within the learning setting may diminish. Those students who preferred structure and the presence of an authority figure while learning were also very inquisitive and mature
SN  - 978-0-599-62383-5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 112
T1  - The application of evidence based nursing: from critical evaluation to the application of the scientific evidence possible [Spanish]
A1  - Icart Isern,M.T.
A1  - Pulpon Segura,A.M.
A1  - Icart Isern,M.C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002016263 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - ENFERM CLIN. 2001 Jul-Aug; 11(4): 166-71. (13 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - Spanish
KW  - *Literature Review
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistics
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 166
EP  - 171
JF  - Enfermeria Clinica.2001 Jul-Aug; 11(4): 166-71.(13 ref)
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
N2  - This article is the last of three presenting a situation or scenario in which a nursing practice is developed based on scientific evidence (SE)., From a real situation a structured question' is made with which the bibliographic search' is initiated. The resources which the bibliographic databases provide allow primary and secondary documents to be identified and submitted to a reading or critical evaluation (CE) which is the third stage of a practice based on SE. The development of this stage is analyzed in this article with the aims of allowing the reader to:, - Identify the knowledge of statistics and epidemiology essential for CE., - Know the main resources for CE., - Understand the fundamental questions of the check lists used in CE
SN  - 1130-8621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 113
T1  - From data to evidence: evaluative methods in evidence-based medicine... evidence-based medicine in respiratory care
A1  - Landry,M.D.
A1  - Sibbald,W.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002015448 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Health Administration, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - RESPIR CARE. 2001 Nov; 46(11): 1226-35. (31 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Medicine
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Qualitative Studies
KW  - *Quantitative Studies
KW  - Affect
KW  - Analysis
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection Methods
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Serial Publications
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1226
EP  - 1235
JF  - Respiratory Care.2001 Nov; 46(11): 1226-35.(31 ref)
J1  - Respiratory Care
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
N2  - The amount of published information is increasing exponentially, and recent technologic advances have created systems whereby mass distribution of this information can occur at an infinite rate. This is particularly true in the broad field of medicine, as the absolute volume of data available to the practicing clinician is creating new challenges in the management of relevant information flow. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an information management and learning strategy that seeks to integrate clinical expertise with the best evidence available in order to make effective clinical decisions that will ultimately improve patient care. The systematic approach underlying EBM encourages the clinician to formulate specific and relevant questions, which are answered in an iterative manner through accessing the best available published evidence. The arguments against EBM stem from the idea that there are inherent weaknesses in research methodologies and that emphasis placed on published research may ignore clinical skills and individual patient needs. Despite these arguments, EBM is gaining momentum and is consistently used as a method of learning and improving health care delivery. However, if EBM is to be effective, the clinician needs to have a critical understanding of research methodology in order to judge the value and level of a particular data source. Without critical analysis of research methodology, there is an inherent risk of drawing incorrect conclusions that may affect clinical decision-making. Currently, there is a trend toward using secondary pre-appraised data rather than primary sources as best evidence. We review the qualitative and quantitative methodology commonly used in EBM and argue that it is necessary for the clinician to preferentially use primary rather than secondary sources in making clinically relevant decisions
SN  - 0020-1324
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 114
T1  - A problem-based learning approach to facilitate evidence-based practice in entry-level health professional education
A1  - Lusardi,M.M.
A1  - Levangie,P.K.
A1  - Fein,B.D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002159196 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, College of Education and Health Professions, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT 06432-1000; lusardim@sacredheart.edu AS - JPO. 2002 Jun; 14(2): 40-50. (78 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Forms, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student assessment
KW  - Student Performance Appraisal
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 50
JF  - JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics.2002 Jun; 14(2): 40-50.(78 ref)
J1  - JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - This article will provide an overview of the problem-based learning process, and an illustration of how problem-based learning can facilitate development of critical appraisal necessary for evidence-based practice. It will trace the development of problem-based learning as an educational methodology for entry-level health professional education. The information seeking and appraisal themes common to both problem-based learning and evidence-based practice will be examined, along with the roles and responsibilities of faculty and tutors who are part of problem-based learning courses or curricula. Examples of strategies for student assessment will be discussed, for both mastery of didactic content and for contribution to the interactive processes that are part of problem-based learning courses and curricula. A "case" will be presented to illustrate application of problem-based learning principles as a means of facilitating skills necessary for effective evidence-based practice
SN  - 1040-8800
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 115
T1  - A phenomenological study of how student nurses learn critical thinking in the nursing clinical practice setting
A1  - Moran,L.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002057313 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (The Pennsylvania State University) **2000; Ph.D. 121 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9998400 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Confidence
KW  - consequence
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - definition
KW  - Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Employer
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty,Nursing
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Licensure
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Models,Theoretical
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Process
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Observation
KW  - Peers
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - prior knowledge
KW  - professionals
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
N2  - Critical thinking is necessary for nurses to make competent judgments in the nursing clinical practice setting. Advancing critical thinking skills is of great concern to nurse educators and health care employers. Nurse educators are challenged to establish that new nurse graduates can "think critically" to address an uncertain, rapidly changing, complex clinical environment Evidence of the assessment of critical thinking is mandated for the accreditation of both graduate and undergraduate nursing programs. Graduate nurses' ability to perform critical thinking in clinical situations is appraised on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses., This study focused on determining how nursing students learned critical thinking in the nursing clinical practice setting, and developing a grounded theory from the research findings. The method used was a qualitative approach of one face-to-face interview with fifteen nursing senior nursing students in a baccalaureate nursing program. The interview protocol followed the nursing faculty's definition of critical thinking, and students described their perceptions of how they learned critical thinking in the nursing clinical practice setting. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed and the researcher coded the responses into categories. The eight resultant categories were observation feedback, repetition, self-confidence, prior knowledge and experience, evaluating and redesigning, improved from sophomore to senior year and from simple to complex critical thinking., The paradigm model designed to explain the grounded theory was developed from the research and shows the relationship of the categories described within a qualitative framework developed by Strauss and Corbin (1990) of causal conditions, the phenomenon, the context of the nursing clinical practice setting, intervening conditions, action and interaction strategies, and the consequence or outcome of how critical thinking was learned. The students said they learned critical thinking through observing role models, the repeated use of the nursing process, the application of past experiences and knowledge in the clinical setting, receiving feedback and encouragement from peers, faculty and other health care professionals, therefore, gaining self-confidence as they evaluated and redesigned/revised nursing care plans and actions, progressed from simple to complex and improved from sophomore to senior year in critical thinking ability
SN  - 978-0-493-06906-7
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 116
T1  - The effect of clinical preceptorships on critical thinking ability and self-confidence levels in baccalaureate nursing students
A1  - Petersen,R.A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002062715 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (University of South Dakota) **2000; Ed.D. 71 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9978851 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Confidence
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Preceptorship/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Covariance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Confidence
KW  - control
KW  - Countries
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Iowa
KW  - Nebraska
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Population
KW  - Preceptorship
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scales
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
N2  - In recent years, clinical preceptorship experiences for baccalaureate nursing students have become popular in nursing programs across the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects a clinical preceptorship experience has on baccalaureate nursing students regarding critical thinking and self-confidence. Additionally, this study explored the relationship between critical thinking and self-confidence. The experimental group was drawn from a sample population of senior baccalaureate nursing students from three nursing programs in Iowa and Nebraska which require a preceptorship clinical experience during the final semester of study. The control group was comprised of senior baccalaureate nursing students from one nursing program in Iowa which does not require a clinical preceptorship experience. Data were collected during the 2000 spring semester., The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal was used to measure critical thinking ability and the Confidence Scale was used to determine self-confidence levels. The data obtained from 38 participants in the experimental group and 10 participants in the control group were electronically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the effect of the clinical preceptorship experience on critical thinking ability and self-confidence levels. A Pearson product-moment correlation was used to determine the relationship between critical thinking and self-confidence levels. The .05 level of significance was used for all statistical tests., The findings indicated that there is no significant difference in critical thinking ability or self-confidence levels of baccalaureate nursing students who complete a clinical preceptorship experience and those who do not. The Pearson r results revealed that there is a weak negative correlation between critical thinking ability and self-confidence levels
SN  - 978-0-599-84845-0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 117
T1  - Sport medicine journal club. Physical activity counseling in primary care
A1  - Rosser,W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002083499 IN - University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - CLIN J SPORT MED. 2002 Mar; 12(2): 132-3. (1 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Biomedical Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Counseling
KW  - *Family Practice
KW  - *Physical Activity
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - Sport
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 132
EP  - 133
JF  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.2002 Mar; 12(2): 132-3.(1 ref)
J1  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SN  - 1050-642X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 118
T1  - Evidence-based journal club. Is human immunodeficiency virus sexual risk prevention intervention effective?
A1  - Solomon,B.
A1  - McGuinn,L.
A1  - Hoerlein,M.
A1  - Basco,W.
A1  - Rowe,P.
A1  - Lehmann,H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002044174 IN - Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287-4461 AS - ARCH PEDIATR ADOLESC MED. 2001 Oct; 155(10): 1127-30. (10 ref 4 bib) SB - Biomedical Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *HIV Education
KW  - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - *School Health Education
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Study Design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1130
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.2001 Oct; 155(10): 1127-30.(10 ref 4 bib)
VL  - 155
IS  - 10
SN  - 1072-4710
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 119
T1  - Advanced nursing skill certification in critical care
A1  - Telford,P.A.
A1  - Mondor,E.E.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002058577 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - DYNAMICS. 2001 Fall; 12(3): 36-9. (6 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Canada Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Certification
KW  - *Critical Care Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Staff Development
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - Arteries
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Catheter
KW  - Certification
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 36
EP  - 39
JF  - Dynamics.2001 Fall; 12(3): 36-9.(6 ref)
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - Advances in critical care therapies demand that registered nurses maintain skills consistent with the ability to provide safe patient care. Advanced nursing function (ANF) certification is one way to achieve this goal. The purpose of this article is to describe the annual certification process that occurs in one general systems critical care unit within a large urban acute care setting. Two hundred registered nurses are certified annually in cardioversion/defibrillation, pacemakers, intraspinal analgesia, pulmonary artery catheters and intracranial pressure monitoring. Involving both conceptual and psychomotor skill assessments, ANF certification not only challenges educators to possess and maintain current knowledge about ANF procedures, but also readily identifies areas of strength and weakness for the nurse regarding knowledge and practice development about a particular procedure. The critical care education committee recognized the need for advanced nursing knowledge in order to provide quality, safe patient care and to meet the needs of patients with complex care requirements. ANF certification has proved to be an efficient, cost-effective method to educate many nurses in a relatively short period of time. Most importantly, ANF certification assists to maintain an optimum standard of care within the critical care unit and, at the same time, lends itself well to the development of other advanced critical care procedures in the future
SN  - 1497-3715
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 120
T1  - Free-style PBL using a journal club
A1  - Williams,A.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002117703 IN - School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125, Victoria, Australia; afwnur@deakin.edu.au AS - AUST ELECTRONIC J NURS EDUC. 2002 Apr; 8(1): 9p. (21 ref) SB - Australia & New Zealand Journals. Nursing Journals. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - School
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9p
JF  - Australian Electronic Journal of Nursing Education.2002 Apr; 8(1): 9p.(21 ref)
J1  - Australian Electronic Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SN  - 1322-8676
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 121
T1  - A qualitative study of the clinical practice of graduates of a problem-based physical therapy program
A1  - Wilson,S.H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002062863 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Florida International University) **2000; Ed.D. 185 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9991551 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Physical Therapists
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Analysis
KW  - choice
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diaries
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Field Notes
KW  - Florida
KW  - instructional approaches
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - New Graduates
KW  - Note
KW  - Observation
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Personality
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 185
N2  - The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of three graduates of a problem-based leaning (PBL) physical therapy (PT) program about their clinical practice. The study used the qualitative methods of observations, interviews, and journaling to gather the data. Three sessions of audiotaped interviews and two observation sessions were conducted with three exemplars from Nova Southeastern University PBL PT program. Each participant also maintained a reflective journal. The data were analyzed using content analysis. A systematic filing system was used by employing a mechanical means of maintaining and indexing coded data and sorting data into coded classifications of subtopics or themes. All interview transcripts, field notes from observations, and journal accounts were read, and index sheets were appropriately annotated. From the findings of the study, it was noted that, from the participants' perspectives, they were practicing at typically expected levels as clinicians. The attributes that governed the perspectives of the participants about their physical therapy clinical practice included flexibility, reflection, analysis, decision-making, self-reliance, problem-solving, independent thinking, and critical thinking. Further, the findings indicated that the factors that influenced those attributes included the PBL process, parents' value system, self-reliant personality, innate personality traits, and deliberate choice. Finally, the findings indicated that the participants' perspectives, for the most part, appeared to support the espoused efficacy of the PBL educational approach. In conclusion, there is evidence that the physical therapy clinical practice of the participants were positively impacted by the PBL curriculum. Among the many attributes they noted which governed these perspectives, problem-solving, as postulated by Barrows, was one of the most frequently mentioned benefits gained from their PBL PT training. With more schools adopting the PBL approach, this research will hopefully add to the knowledge base regarding the efficacy of embracing a problem-based learning instructional approach in physical therapy programs
SN  - 978-0-599-98901-6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 122
T1  - Guest editorial. Rediscovering the value of the journal club
A1  - Kleinpell,R.M.
Y1  - 414///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2002158163 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois AS - AM J CRIT CARE. 2002 Sep; 11(5): 412, 414. (8 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Core Nursing Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Illinois
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
JF  - American Journal of Critical Care.2002 Sep; 11(5): 412, 414.(8 ref)
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SN  - 1062-3264
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 123
T1  - Network for psychiatric nursing research journal club
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003010423 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - BR J NURS. 2002 Jul 11-24; 11(13): 895-7. (15 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - *Nursing Assistants
KW  - *Nursing Role
KW  - *Psychiatric Technicians
KW  - *Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Violence
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 895
EP  - 897
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2002 Jul 11-24; 11(13): 895-7.(15 ref)
VL  - 11
IS  - 13
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 124
T1  - Critical reading of the scientific literature [Spanish]
A1  - Abad Corp
A1  - Monistrol,Ruano O.
A1  - Altarribas,Bolsa E.
A1  - Paredes,A.
A1  - de,Cardona S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003106955 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - ENFERM CLIN. 2003 Jan-Feb; 13(1): 32-40. (23 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Algorithm, Review, Tables/Charts LG - Spanish
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Nursing Literature/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Research,Nursing/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - formulation
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 32
EP  - 40
JF  - Enfermeria Clinica.2003 Jan-Feb; 13(1): 32-40.(23 ref)
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - The concept of Evidence-Based Nursing is based on the conceptual pillars of Evidence-Based Medicine, which originated in Paris in the nineteenth century and which was consolidated by a group of clinical epidemiologists of McMaster University in Canada. Nursing is not unaware of the open debate on "evidence" although knowledge of the subject in Spain is recent and limited., The steps that form Evidence-Based practice are: formulation of questions that can be answered; exhaustive literature search; critical reading of the documents obtained; application of the most appropriate intervention and evaluation of this intervention., The present methodological article aims to develop the third step. Thus, critical reading is the process of evaluating and interpreting the evidence found in the scientific literature by systematically analyzing the results presented and their validity and relevance to one's own work. Through critical reading, we can verify the validity and applicability of the published results so that they can be used to improve the care of our patients. This abstract was translated into English by the publisher or author
SN  - 1130-8621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 125
T1  - Developing skills in critical appraisal
A1  - Antoni,K.
A1  - Knoppert,D.
A1  - Keim,M.
A1  - Woznuk,S.
A1  - Capewell,V.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003097005 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Advanced Practice/Nurse Practitioner, Intensive Care Unit Patient Services, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada AS - CAN NURSE. 2003 Jun; 99(6): 24-7. (11 ref) SB - Canada Journals. Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Academic Medical Centers
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching Methods
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 24
EP  - 27
JF  - Canadian Nurse.2003 Jun; 99(6): 24-7.(11 ref)
J1  - Canadian Nurse
VL  - 99
IS  - 6
N2  - A new wave of enthusiasm for evidence-based practice has spread throughout St. Joseph's Health Care, London, as nurses and other professionals are becoming more confident of their critical appraisal skills
SN  - 0008-4581
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 126
T1  - Web alert: critical appraisal resources on the Internet
A1  - Beard,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003012027 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Evidence-Based/Knowledge Management Librarian, Knowledgeshare, The Library, Sussex Postgraduate Medical Centre, Brighton General Hospital, Elm Grove, Brighton BN2 3EW, UK; Richard.Beard@bsuh.nhs.uk; website: www.knowledgeshare.nhs.uk AS - J CLIN GOVERNANCE. 2002; 10(3): 159-62. (1 ref) SB - Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Health Services Administration Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Website LG - English
KW  - *Information Resources
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *World Wide Web
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Internet
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 162
JF  - Journal of Clinical Governance.2002; 10(3): 159-62.(1 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Governance
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SN  - 1467-5277
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 127
T1  - Reporting of clinical details in randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of migraine/headaches and nausea/vomiting
A1  - Claraco,A.E.
A1  - Hanna,S.E.
A1  - Fargas-Babjak,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003126176 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Room HSC-2U, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; aelorriaga@sympatico.ca AS - J ALTERN COMPLEMENT MED. 2003 Feb; 9(1): 151-9. (14 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Acupuncture
KW  - *Headache/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Migraine/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Nausea and Vomiting/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Outcomes Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Writing for Publication/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - Alternative Therapies
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - control
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Goals
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Secondary Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 151
EP  - 159
JF  - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2003 Feb; 9(1): 151-9.(14 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of reporting of clinical details in a selected sample of 30 randomized control trials (RCT) on acupuncture efficacy for the treatment of migraine/headaches (n = 11) and for nausea/vomiting (n = 19). Additional goals included the assessment of the quality of randomization of the trials, and the assessment of the degree of reporting of information about the outcome measures used in each trial. METHODS: A checklist of 50 clinical details selected on the basis of a previous survey was used to evaluate the degree of reporting of information about patients, practitioners, diagnosis, and acupuncture treatments presented in each RCT. The likelihood of bias in the randomization process was assessed using a previously validated scale. Information about reliability/validity and clinical significance of the outcome measures used in each trial was assessed in terms of fully, partially, or not reported, with no attempt to evaluate their quality or appropriateness. RESULTS: In this sample of RCTs an average of 38.7% of important clinical details per trial were either fully or partially reported by researchers, the lowest being 26.4% for the migraine/headaches group. Studies with better quality of randomization were not more likely to report important clinical details. Only five studies (16.7%) provided information about reliability and validity of the outcome measures used, and only four studies (13.3%), all from the migraines/headache group, discussed the clinical significance of the outcome measures selected. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of 30 RCTs of acupuncture efficacy for the treatment of migraines/headache and nausea/vomiting, researchers neglected to report adequately on important clinical details, and often did not discuss the reliability, validity, and clinical significance of the outcome measures used in the trials, thus rendering potential readers of the articles unable to critically appraise them from a clinical standpoint. In addition, the fact that the quality of randomization of the trials was totally unrelated to the degree of reporting of clinical details renders potential reviewers of these studies unable to establish valid conclusions about acupuncture efficacy based on the general quality of the methodological design. In the future, all areas of clinical acupuncture research need to be reviewed in a similar manner, and recommendations about proper reporting of important clinical details and proper discussion of the validity, reliability, and clinical significance of the outcome measures used in each trial should be made. Only then could this research be used to generate meaningful evidence-based recommendations for the contemporary practice of acupuncture
SN  - 1075-5535
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 128
T1  - Impact of clinical nurse specialists in multiple sclerosis -- synthesis of the evidence
A1  - Forbes,A.
A1  - While,A.
A1  - Dyson,L.
A1  - Grocott,T.
A1  - Griffiths,P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003107349 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Fellow, Primary and Intermediate Care Section, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London, UK; angus.forbes@kcl.ac.uk AS - J ADV NURS. 2003 Jun; 42(5): 442-62. (88 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Forms, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Nurse Specialists
KW  - *Multiple Sclerosis
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - content
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human Needs (Physiology)
KW  - Human Needs (Psychology)
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - meaning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Role
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - professionals
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thematic Analysis
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 442
EP  - 462
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2003 Jun; 42(5): 442-62.(88 ref)
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition demanding a broad range of interventions and support. Multiple sclerosis nurse specialists are emerging as a leading force in providing care to this group of patients. AIM: This review aimed to identify and synthesize the evidence on the role of clinical nurse specialists in meeting the care needs of people with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature addressing the role of the multiple sclerosis nurse specialist was undertaken. The review examined both the appropriateness and effectiveness of the multiple sclerosis nurse specialist role. The content of each item identified in the review was analysed, examining the structure, process and outcomes variables associated with the role. Materials containing an explicit methodology were critically appraised using established schedules and graded as strong, moderate or weak. The data were then synthesized in tables, thematically and using a quasi-judicial approach called the 'System of Reasoning'. FINDINGS: Fifty-five items were examined and most (53%; n = 18) were descriptive in nature. There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the multiple sclerosis nurse role makes a difference to care. However, evidence was found to support current descriptions of the role - meaning? and there appeared to be a good fit between the role and the care needs of people with multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSION: A systematic overview of the attributes of the multiple sclerosis nurse role is provided which should help service providers, nurses and other professionals consider how multiple sclerosis nurse specialists roles can contribute to the care of people with this condition. While there is little current evidence of effectiveness for the multiple sclerosis nurse specialist role, there is evidence for its appropriateness, although more rigorous primary research is required to test this
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 129
T1  - Caring conversations -- psychiatric patients' narratives about suffering
A1  - Fredriksson,L.
A1  - Lindstrom,U.A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003038325 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - J ADV NURS. 2002 Nov; 40(4): 396-404. (33 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Psychiatric Patients/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Suffering
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Conversation
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Healing
KW  - Human
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Narratives/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Phenomenological Research
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Psychiatric Patients
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recording
KW  - Reflection
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - self
KW  - Study
KW  - Sweden
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 396
EP  - 404
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2002 Nov; 40(4): 396-404.(33 ref)
VL  - 40
IS  - 4
N2  - AIM: The aim of this study was to increase and deepen the understanding of how psychiatric patients in conversations with nurses narrate their experience of suffering. METHODS: Data were obtained in the years 2001-2002 by audio recording of 20 individual caring conversations between eight patients and three psychiatric nurses at a psychiatric outpatient unit in Sweden. Before the data were gathered the study was approved by a local research ethics committee. The methodology is inspired by the hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur. The data is given a naive reading which is followed by two structural analyses which explain the text. Finally, the structural analyses and the pre-understanding are confronted in a critical reflection. FINDINGS: In the patients' narratives, suffering was at first concealed under a facade that helps the patient to cope with suffering and with shame. As they moved along to a turning point, something happened that made them able to risk everything, i.e. their very selves, but also gave them the possibility of regaining vital parts of themselves that where lost when the facade was constructed. As they took the suffering upon themselves, they grew to be fully visible as human beings and healing was possible as a re-establishment of the interpersonal bridge. This not only meant that the sufferer became open for relationships with others or an abstract other, but also that an opening in the relationship with themselves occurred. CONCLUSIONS: If psychiatric patients are allowed to narrate freely they develop different plot structures, which can either hide or reveal suffering. Patients who could establish an answer to the why-question of suffering could also interpret their suffering in a way that enabled growth and reconciliation. In order to do so, they had to abandon the shelter of the facade and confront suffering and shame. This turning point opened them up to life-sustaining relationships with themselves as well as with abstract and concrete others
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 130
T1  - Systematic reviews of the scientific evidence: some practical points [Spanish]
A1  - Garcia,J.M.
A1  - Rodriguez Martin,J.L.
A1  - Subirana,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003156471 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - ENFERM CLIN. 2003 May-Jun; 13(3): 159-63. (17 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - Spanish
KW  - *Nursing Literature
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - *Systematic Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching,End User
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 163
JF  - Enfermeria Clinica.2003 May-Jun; 13(3): 159-63.(17 ref)
J1  - Enfermeria Clinica
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - Systematic review of the literature is a new concept in research in the health sciences and differs from traditional narrative reviews of the literature., In this article we describe the various steps in the development and publication of a systematic review. The electronic and manual search for articles, and the use of critical appraisal are emphasized. The type of studies that should be included in a review, as well as the descriptive analysis and the use of meta-analysis, are discussed
SN  - 1130-8621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 131
T1  - Using research in practice. Journal clubs for continued professional development
A1  - Grant,M.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003132098 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Salford Centre for Nursing, Midwifery and Collaborative Research, University of Salford, Salford, Peel House, Albert St, Eccles, Manchester M30 0NN, UK; m.j.grant@salford.ac.uk AS - HEALTH INF LIBR J. 2003 Jun; 20 Suppl 1: 72-3. (17 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Sciences Librarianship
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72
EP  - 73
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2003 Jun; 20 Suppl 1: 72-3.(17 ref)
VL  - 20
IS  - 17 ref
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 132
T1  - Internet resources on evidence-based nursing [Spanish]
A1  - Gutierrez,Couto U.
A1  - Estrada Lorenzo,J.M.
A1  - Blanco,Perez A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003109606 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - ENFERM CLIN. 2003 Mar-Apr; 13(2): 103-11. (21 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts LG - Spanish
KW  - *Information Resources
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *World Wide Web
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Serial Publications
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 103
EP  - 111
JF  - Enfermeria Clinica.2003 Mar-Apr; 13(2): 103-11.(21 ref)
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - The aim is to compile and comment some important web site related with searching the best evidence-bases nursing. The web sites are gathered by: general resources, clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence-base journals, bibliographic databases on research methodology filters, search engines for medical evidence, report of health technology assessment agencies and critical appraised topics. This abstract was translated into English by the publisher or author
SN  - 1130-8621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 133
T1  - Definitions and competencies for practice-based learning and improvement... presented at the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) Consensus Conference on the ACGME Core Competencies: "Getting Ahead of the Curve," March 2002, Washington, DC
A1  - Hayden,S.R.
A1  - Dufel,S.
A1  - Shih,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003083805 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8819; shayden@ucsd.edu AS - ACAD EMERG MED. 2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8. (12 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Competency Assessment/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Education,Competency-Based
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - California
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Congresses and Conferences
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - District of Columbia
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Interns and Residents
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Organizations
KW  - Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - practice-based learning
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Record Review
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1242
EP  - 1248
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 9
IS  - 11
N2  - The Outcome Project is a long-term initiative by which the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is increasing emphasis on educational outcomes in the evaluation of residency programs. The ACGME initiated the Outcome Project to "ensure and improve the quality of graduate medical education." In order to assist program directors in emergency medicine (EM) to begin complying with components of the ACGME Outcome Project, the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (CORD-EM) convened a consensus conference in March 2002 in conjunction with several other EM organizations. The working group for the competency of Practice-based Learning and Improvement (PBL) defined the components of PBL as: 1) analyze and assess practice experience and perform practice-based improvement; 2) locate, appraise, and utilize scientific evidence related to the patient's health problems and the larger population from which they are drawn; 3) apply knowledge of study design and statistical methods to critically appraise the medical literature; 4) utilize information technology to enhance personal education and improve patient care; and 5) facilitate the learning of students, colleagues, and other health care professionals in EM principles and practice. Establishing resident portfolios is a preferred method to chronicle resident competence in PBL. Traditional global evaluation of resident performance is de-emphasized. Checklist evaluation is appropriate for assessing any competency that can be broken down into specific behaviors or actions. 360-degree evaluation may be used to assess teamwork, communication skills, management skills, and clinical decision making. Chart-stimulated recall and record review are additional evaluation methods that can be used to assess resident competency in PBL. Simulations and models, such as computer-based scenarios, may be ideal for low-frequency but critical procedures
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 134
T1  - Systematic review in evidence-based nursing [Chinese]
A1  - Hu,W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003066814 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University; weyuhu@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw AS - J NURS (CHINA). 2003 Feb; 50(1): 34-43. (34 ref) SB - Asian Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - Chinese
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Systematic Review
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asian
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Checklist
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - credibility
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - quality
KW  - Quantitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reference Databases,Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Taiwan
KW  - Technique
KW  - Transferability
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 43
JF  - Journal of Nursing (China).2003 Feb; 50(1): 34-43.(34 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing (China)
VL  - 50
IS  - China
N2  - In practicing evidence-based nursing, a nurse has to decide whether the evidence is relevant for the particular patient. The incorporation of clinical expertise should be balanced with the risks and benefits of alternative treatments for each patient and should take into account the patient's unique clinical circumstances including preferences. Systematic review of literature is an important element of evidence-based nursing. There are nine explicit steps in the procedure of systematic review. Systematic review differs from the traditional narrative review in that systematic, explicit methods are used to identify, assess and synthesize the information obtained. Systematic reviews use rigorous methods to reduce bias and can provide reliable summaries of relevant research evidence. The hierarchy of evidence used has five levels and emphasizes the evidence about the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, it is better that evidence-based nursing should be based on systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials, as well as meta-analysis., Critical appraisal is necessary in systematic reviews to ensure that they are conducted to rigorous standards. The purpose of critical appraisal for evidence-based practice is to decide whether the quality of a research study is good enough for the results it provides to be used to answer a question posed by a health care practitioner or patient. Critical appraisal can be broken down into three distinct but related parts which: (1) Whether the quality of the study is good enough; (2) The application of the study result in my setting; (3) What the results mean for my patients., The paradigms of nursing research are qualitative and quantitative research. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique used in systematic reviews and it must be a rigorous process in quantitative research. It can answer two main questions about an intervention: "Does this intervention have a beneficial (or harmful) effect?" and if so," What is the size of that effect?" No algorithmic criteria can be produced that can unproblematically judge the quality of qualitative research. It is necessary to avoid a checklist approach to evaluating qualitative research. The quality of qualitative research is assessed based upon a critical assessment of how well the issues of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability are addressed. Therefore, by combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, the ability to produce applicable clinical evidence is greatly increased in future. This abstract was translated into English by the publisher or author
SN  - 0047-262X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 135
T1  - The relationship between student development theory and a professional abilities model for physical therapy education
A1  - Kaufman,R.R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003102715 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, Dept of Physical Therapy, Springfield College, 263 Alden St, Springfield, MA 01109; rkaufman@spfldcol.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2002 Fall; 16(2): 42-8. (19 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognitive Development
KW  - College
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Human Development
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - mentoring
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Moral Development
KW  - Morals
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Social Responsibility
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 42
EP  - 48
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2002 Fall; 16(2): 42-8.(19 ref)
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
N2  - Background and Purpose. Generic abilities define a repertoire of behaviors deemed essential for success in the physical therapy profession. Many physical therapist education programs have adopted some form of the generic abilities to foster and measure development of professional behaviors by students. Methods proposed for fostering development of professional behaviors include explicit instruction, role modeling, mentoring, guided reflection, and individual advising. Understanding of the cognitive and psychosocial development of individual students and appreciation of the impact of the developmental level on readiness to learn may help guide educators in choosing the most appropriate interventions for students across the spectrum of maturity and throughout the developmental process. The purpose of this article is to examine a model of generic abilities from the perspective of student development theory. Position and Rationale. Descriptors and sample behaviors of a model of generic abilities were analyzed in terms of the major tenets of 4 theories of intellectual and ethical development, cognitive development, and moral development. Aspects of psychosocial and identity development appear linked to all of the professional abilities. Cognitive development seems closely linked to behaviors of problem solving and critical thinking. Moral development may influence broad areas of professionalism, responsibility, and social responsibility. Discussion and Conclusion. An understanding of broad aspects of psychosocial, cognitive, and moral development may enhance the effectiveness of physical therapy faculty in nurturing development of professional behaviors in physical therapist students. The developmental process may be enhanced by fostering an environment that provides essential challenges and appropriate support for students across all 3 domains of development throughout the physical therapy curriculum
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 136
T1  - Evidence-based nursing in pediatric critical care
A1  - Latour,J.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003160570 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Nurse Manager, PICU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands AS - PEDIATR INTENSIVE CARE NURS. 2003 Jun; 4(1): 3-6. (8 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Canada Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Pediatric Critical Care Nursing
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Nursing
KW  - journal
KW  - Manager
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 6
JF  - Pediatric Intensive Care Nursing.2003 Jun; 4(1): 3-6.(8 ref)
J1  - Pediatric Intensive Care Nursing
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - The drive to change pediatric intensive care nursing into a more scientific based nursing originated mainly from academic nurses. However, today's bedside nurses in pediatric critical care are aware that scientific and practical evidence has become widely available and ready for use in practice. Evidence-based nursing is a guide that makes silent academic papers lively in daily practice. The steps described in evidence-based nursing is an approach to define issues or questions in nursing practice, find answers to them, and implement the best solutions into daily practice. The final aim of this approach is to improve nursing care and in the end improve patient outcomes
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 137
T1  - Critical appraisal teams are the way forward
A1  - Patterson,D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003132566 IN - Practice/Professional Development Nurse, Bradford Hospitals NHS Trust AS - NURS TIMES. 2003 Mar 11-17; 99(10): 35 SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Criticism
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Teams
KW  - Time
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
JF  - Nursing Times.2003 Mar 11-17; 99(10): 35.
J1  - Nursing Times
VL  - 99
IS  - 10
SN  - 0954-7762
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 138
T1  - Evidence-based practice forum. Heterarchy and hierarchy: a critical appraisal of the "levels of evidence" as tool for clinical decision making
A1  - Tickle-Degnen,L.
A1  - Bedell,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003103037 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 630 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; tickle@bu.edu AS - AM J OCCUP THER. 2003 Mar-Apr; 57(2): 234-7. (8 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Occupational Therapy/st [Standards]
KW  - *Patient Centered Care/st [Standards]
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Science
KW  - Simulations
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 237
JF  - American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2003 Mar-Apr; 57(2): 234-7.(8 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Occupational Therapy
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SN  - 0272-9490
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 139
T1  - Critical analysis of research papers
A1  - Valente,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003161258 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Assistant Professor, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA AS - J NURSES STAFF DEV. 2003 May-Jun; 19(3): 130-42. (13 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Research Methodology
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical analysis of research
KW  - Depression
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Assessment
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research,Nursing/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Screening
KW  - Serial Publications
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wound Care
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 130
EP  - 142
JF  - Journal for Nurses in Staff Development.2003 May-Jun; 19(3): 130-42.(13 ref)
J1  - Journal for Nurses in Staff Development
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
N2  - Use of new nursing knowledge has improved nursing practice and patient care outcomes. However, the busy bedside duties nurses face constitute barriers to reading and evaluating research. The nurse may want to use new knowledge about pain assessment, wound care, preoperative fasting, and depression screening to improve practice but may lack the skills and know how to evaluate the research critically. Barriers to analysis of the research include confusing technical terminology, statistics, and unclear research reports. The nurse needs to understand and examine the steps, cohesiveness, merits, and weaknesses of the research to assess his or her level of confidence in the findings. This article describes the criteria for analysis of the sections of a research report and illustrates ways that sound research has improved patient care
SN  - 1098-7886
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 140
T1  - Home care today. Creative way to improve practice: the Research Journal Club
A1  - Valente,S.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003087218 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract AS - HOME HEALTHC NURSE. 2003 Apr; 21(4): 271-4. (7 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cost Savings
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Home
KW  - Home Nursing,Professional
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs/ec [Economics]
KW  - Journal Clubs/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Staff
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 271
EP  - 274
JF  - Home Healthcare Nurse.2003 Apr; 21(4): 271-4.(7 ref)
J1  - Home Healthcare Nurse
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - Research highlights interventions that improve patient care; however, this evidence does not consistently show up in practice. To decrease adverse events and increase patient and referral satisfaction, home care agencies must find ways to keep their clinical staff up to date. This article describes how one agency created a journal club that has met with success
SN  - 0884-741X
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 141
T1  - Critical thinking skills and knowledge of English of baccalaureate of nursing students in six schools in Puerto Rico accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission
A1  - yala Santiago,A.E.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003032973 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Widener University School of Nursing) **1999; D.N.S. 171 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9949139 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Nursing Knowledge
KW  - *Schools,Nursing
KW  - *Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Average
KW  - Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education Research
KW  - English
KW  - English as a Second Language
KW  - Female
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - National League for Nursing
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Puerto Rico
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 171
N2  - Critical thinking skills of baccalaureate nursing students in six schools in Puerto Rico accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission were investigated. The Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Spanish version was used. Bandura's (1986) and Hannerz' (1992) theories were the bases for this study. The reliability for the total score for the Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal was .73., The obtained sample of 557 exceeded the minimum number of subjects necessary for statistical significance (396). The typical student was female, 21 years old, with a grade point average of 2.7. Results indicated that Puerto Rican students in general had low scores. Total means scores ranged by school from a low of 39.3 to a high of 45 with an overall mean of 42. However, there were no significant differences between schools. When English understanding was considered significant differences, for both total (F = 14.9, df = 2, p = .0001) and subscales mean scores were found. Since differences between critical thinking and knowledge of English were found, English was added as an independent variable., Means were compared with the public norms established by Watson and Glaser (1980) with findings from Notarianni's (1991) study. A significant difference was found (F = 5.44, df = 6.0, p = .001) when Puerto Rico's means were compared with nursing students in the Southern United States (Watson & Glaser, 1980)., Puerto Rican students possess critical thinking skills, though not at the same degree as North American students when measured by the Watson and Glaser Critical thinking Appraisal. This study provided foundational data and identified areas for further study related to critical thinking skills within the cultural content in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican nursing schools are encouraged to develop their own instrument to assess critical thinking skills based on their culture and language
SN  - 978-0-599-51422-5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 142
T1  - Evidence-based practice. Finding and appraising systematic reviews of clinical interventions: critical skills for evidence-based practice
A1  - Melnyk,B.M.
Y1  - 125///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003134622 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Professor, University of Rochester School of Nursing, Rochester, NY AS - PEDIATR NURS. 2003 Mar-Apr; 29(2): 147-9, 125. (7 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Case Study, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Pediatric Nursing
KW  - *Systematic Review/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Acyclovir/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Chickenpox/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
EP  - 149
JF  - Pediatric Nursing.2003 Mar-Apr; 29(2): 147-9, 125.(7 ref)
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SN  - 0097-9805
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 143
T1  - Using vignettes to explore how parents approach end-of-life decision making for terminally ill infants
A1  - Kodadek,M.P.
A1  - Feeg,V.D.
Y1  - 343//03/
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2003016884 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor of Nursing and Health Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA AS - PEDIATR NURS. 2002 Jul-Aug; 28(4): 333-40, 343, 363-4. (45 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making,Family
KW  - *Parents/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Student Attitudes
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - *Terminally Ill Patients
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Children/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Age
KW  - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - complexity
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Constant Comparative Method
KW  - Cost
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Members
KW  - Family Relations
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Infant
KW  - journal
KW  - Lung Diseases,Obstructive/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pain
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Q-Sort
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Regression
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - Spouses/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Terminally Ill
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Ventilation,Mechanical
KW  - Vignettes
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 333
EP  - 340
JF  - Pediatric Nursing.2002 Jul-Aug; 28(4): 333-40, 343, 363-4.(45 ref)
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
N2  - With the complexity of technologies in medical centers today, family members are frequently confronted with situations that require decision making on behalf of a loved one. Some researchers have studied the needs of decision makers directly; however, the reality of asking opinions at the bedside of a dying patient makes it a difficult issue to research directly. The vignette method has been used to extrapolate data by asking study participants how they would act under certain circumstances. This vignette-based study explores potential decision-making processes collected from volunteers about how family members might make decisions for a loved one. Ninety-four students were asked to read vignettes as if they were caregivers. Students were randomly assigned to one of three clinical scenarios describing a family member at a critical decision point. The age of the family member, relationship, and medical condition were manipulated in the three otherwise identical scenarios. The results indicated that the ranked responses to the categories were different in the three age-group scenarios. In the group simulating parent decision making for the terminally ill infant, the participants reported "quality of life" and "chance of survival" most frequently as to compared to "pain/comfort" or "family relationships" for older patients. When making decisions in the infant scenario, participants were twice as likely to express religious or spiritual criteria for their decisions and half as likely to express cost concerns. Among the three scenarios, participants simulating family decisions for infants indicated that different caregiving values may apply. They were even more likely than the others to choose mechanical ventilation as an option when the prognosis is extremely poor. All family members making decisions for a loved one, regardless of age or relationship, need supportive assistance from nurses; however, pediatric nurses who develop relationships with parents of terminally ill infants especially need to understand their values in making decisions
SN  - 0097-9805
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 144
T1  - Symposium. Issues in design, analysis, and critical appraisal of orthopaedic clinical research
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004057080 CN - Fields available in this record: table of contents AS - CLIN ORTHOP RELATED RES. 2003 Aug; 4138-163 SB - Biomedical Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Overall LG - English TC - Bhandari M, Tornetta P III. Editorial comment. Evidence-based orthopaedics: a paradigm shift: 9-10 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057081" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057081</LINK>] Mitchell SW. The classic. The history of instrumental precision in medicine: 11-8 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057083" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057083</LINK>] Brighton B, Bhandari M, Tornetta P III, Felson DT. Hierarchy of evidence: from case reports to randomized controlled trials: 19-24 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057084" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057084</LINK>] Devereaux PJ, McKee MD, Yusuf S. Methodologic issues in randomized controlled trials of surgical interventions: 25-32 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057086" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057086</LINK>] Hartz A, Marsh JL. Methodologic issues in observational studies: 33-42 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057087" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057087</LINK>] Montori VM, Swiontkowski MF, Cook DJ. Methodologic issues in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: 43-54 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057090" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057090</LINK>] Bernstein J, McGuire K, Freedman KB. Statistical sampling and hypothesis testing in orthopaedic research: 55-62 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057092" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057092</LINK>] Bhandari M, Whang W, Kuo JC, Devereaux PJ, Sprague S, Tornetta P III. The risk of false-positive results in orthopaedic surgical trials: 63-9 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057094" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057094</LINK>] Griffin D, Audige L. Common statistical methods in orthopaedic clinical studies: 70-9 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057096" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057096</LINK>] Jackowski D, Guyatt G. A guide to health measurement: 80-9 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057099" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057099</LINK>] Beaton DE, Schemitsch E. Measures of health-related quality of life and physical function: 90-105 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057100" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057100</LINK>] Kocher MS, Henley MB. It is money that matters: decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis: 106-16 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057104" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057104</LINK>] Schunemann HJ, Bone L. Evidence-based orthopaedics: a primer: 117-32 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057106" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057106</LINK>] Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ. Finding current evidence: search strategies and common databases: 133-45 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057110" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057110</LINK>] Dirschl DR, Tornetta P III, Bhandari M. Designing, conducting, and evaluating journal clubs in orthopaedic surgery: 146-57 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057113" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057113</LINK>] Bhandari M, Tornetta P III, Buyatt GH. Glossary of evidence-based orthopaedic terminology: 158-63 [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2004057115" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2004057115</LINK>]
KW  - *Data Analysis
KW  - *Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Orthopedic Surgery
KW  - *Study Design
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - History
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Life
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sampling
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Symposium
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Terminology
KW  - testing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 163
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.2003 Aug; 413 8-163.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
VL  - 413
SN  - 0009-921X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 145
T1  - 'Realising the potential of critical care nurses': an exploratory study of the factors that affect and comprise the nursing contribution to the recovery of critically ill patients
A1  - Ball,C.
A1  - McElligot,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004059531 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Consultant Nurse, Critical Care, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK; carol.ball@rfh.nthames.nhs.uk AS - INTENSIVE CRIT CARE NURS. 2003 Aug; 19(4): 226-38. (28 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care Nursing
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Affect
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - complexity
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - Exploratory Research
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Face Validity
KW  - Family Attitudes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Field Notes
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - London
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Attitudes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Outcomes
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Skills
KW  - Observation
KW  - Participant Observation
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling
KW  - practice
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Risk
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Trust
KW  - Validity
KW  - Workload
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 226
EP  - 238
JF  - Intensive & Critical Care Nursing.2003 Aug; 19(4): 226-38.(28 ref)
J1  - Intensive & Critical Care Nursing
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: This study seeks to make evident the complexity of issues associated with the delivery of care by nurses to the critically ill. Emphasis had been placed on the results and implications of these for nursing practice. For a more in-depth account, the full report can be accessed on www.lscn.co.uk. METHOD: Following multi-centre research ethics committee approval, 10 critical care units participated in the 3-month study. Data collection comprised 231 nurse interviews and 51 relative interviews during 33 observation participation periods. RESULTS: Analysis demonstrated that the context of the critical care unit, in terms of geographical layout, unit activity, case mix and skill mix of nurses, had a major effect on the ability of nurses to contribute to the recovery of the critically ill. The effectiveness of the nursing resource appeared to be a function of knowledge (theoretical and patient related), experience and exposure. Nurses who were unused to a particular environment were not seen to be as effective as those who were. A model was constructed that identified the central tenets upon which nursing care can be optimised or compromised. When nursing care was optimised the difference nurses made potentially decreased risk to patients, enabled timely patient progression and increased the potential for patient recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that nurses have a significant contribution to make in the recovery of patients who have experienced critical illness. Recommendations are far reaching and include the need to develop a valid and reliable tool which addresses patients' need for nursing in terms of nurses' knowledge and experience, patient dependency and decreasing clinical risk across the continuum of care. Current nursing workload tools and patient:nurse ratios were seen to lack validity because they do not appraise the context in which care is delivered, define all nurses as equal and concentrate on activity rather than the effect nurses can have on the outcome of the critically ill
SN  - 0964-3397
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 146
T1  - Navigate the Net. Web-based PDA downloads for clinical practice guidelines and decision support tools
A1  - Beattie,J.W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004073156 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Librarian, Bio-Medical Library, University of Minnesota, 301 Diehl Hall, 505 Essex St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455; jbeattie@umn.edu AS - MED REF SERV Q. 2003 Winter; 22(4): 57-64. (10 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computers,Hand-Held
KW  - *Health Information
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Information Systems
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - Cost
KW  - Decision Support Systems,Clinical
KW  - Device
KW  - Downloading (Database)
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professionals
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 64
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Winter; 22(4): 57-64.(10 ref)
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
N2  - The extraordinary volume of health-related information made available on the Internet comes at a high cost for effectively storing and accessing clinical information resources. Additionally, the ability to use critical patient care information is limited to the availability of computer access. Physicians and other health care professionals have readily adopted personal digital assistants (PDAs), also known as handheld computers, because the devices provide succinct critical patient care information at the point of need. Clinical practice guidelines available through the Internet for use with PDAs present health professionals, who have little time, with powerful information already formatted for point-of-care devices. This paper will review several strategies for finding and accessing point-of-care clinical information
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 147
T1  - Innovation station. The Vancouver General Hospital Acute Spine Journal Club: a success story
A1  - Belanger,L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004169920 IN - Clinical Nurse Specialist, Acute Spine Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia AS - SCI NURS. 2004 Spring; 21(1): 29-30 SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Spinal Cord Injury Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Goals and Objectives
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - innovation
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - stories
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 30
JF  - SCI Nursing.2004 Spring; 21(1): 29-30.
J1  - SCI Nursing
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SN  - 0888-8299
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 148
T1  - Impact of service learning on physical therapist students' knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults and on their critical thinking ability
A1  - Beling,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004170304 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330-8411; janna.beling@csun.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2004 Spring; 18(1): 13-21. (57 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Attitude to Aging
KW  - *Community Service
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Education,Graduate
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Health Knowledge
KW  - *Rehabilitation,Geriatric/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Aging
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Construct Validity
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Face Validity
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Needs
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Population
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Physical Therapy
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Two-Way Analysis of Variance
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 13
EP  - 21
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2004 Spring; 18(1): 13-21.(57 ref)
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
N2  - Background and Purpose. The increased use of health care services by older adults has prompted an interest in preparing physical therapists to better deal with the special needs of this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of service learning on physical therapist students' knowledge of and attitudes about the older adult and on their critical thinking ability. Subjects. A cohort of 40 students in a Master of Physical Therapy (MPT) degree program was divided into either an experimental (service-learning) group or a control (no service learning) group in the last semester of a 3 -year curriculum while enrolled in a geriatric rehabilitation course. Methods. General knowledge and attitudes about aging were measured by Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz 1 (FAQ). Critical thinking skills were measured by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). Both tests are reported to be valid and reliable and have been used in many studies for at least 25 years. The FAQ and the WGCTA were administered to students at the first and last class meetings. Results. Two-way analyses of variance for repeated measures revealed that all students, regardless of pedagogical method, increased their knowledge about aging (P</=.05). However, students who initially had negative attitudes toward older adults significantly improved their attitudes only after the service-learning experience (P</=.05). The investigation failed to support the hypothesis that service learning with older adults would make a difference in students' critical thinking ability. Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that service learning effectively enhances both physical therapist students' knowledge of and attitudes toward the older adult
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 149
T1  - Essential functions in registered nursing education: a Delphi study
A1  - Bickel,L.S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004120741 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (University of Missouri - Columbia) **1998; Ph.D. 183 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9901218 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Faculty,Nursing
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes
KW  - *Nursing Skills/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communication
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Delphi Technique
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Motor Skills
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 183
N2  - The purpose of this study was to identify essential functions for registered nursing education. Essential functions are the technical, non-academic standards of a program and students must be able to perform the essential functions with or without reasonable accommodations., A Delphi technique was used and 32 nurse educators comprised the Delphi panel. Panel members identified essential functions and rated them on a 1 (non-essential) to 10 (essential) scale. Three rounds were needed to reach consensus on 67 (97%) of 69 functions identified by the panel with a minority of panel members remaining in disagreement., Analysis of the Round 3 ratings revealed that 12 functions received median ratings of 10 (essential). This included six cognitive functions, one communication function and five affective functions. Cognitive functions included (a) minimum 10th grade reading comprehension ability, (b) intelligence sufficient for clinical judgement, (c) ability to comprehend, (d) ability to calculate, (e) critical thinking ability and (f) problem solving skills. Good verbal communication was the one communication skill that received a median rating of 10. The five affective functions that received median ratings of 10 included (a) honesty, (b) accountability and responsibility, (c) ethical, (d) dependability and reliability, and (e) compassion and caring. None of the psychomotor or sensory functions received median ratings of 10. However, three functions in each category received median ratings of 9 or higher. The psychomotor functions receiving the highest median scores included (a) gross motor skills sufficient to provide safe nursing care, (b) fine motor skills sufficient to provide safe nursing care and (c) physical stamina to deliver effective nursing care. Sensory functions receiving the highest median scores included (a) ability to see accurately near and far, (b) ability to hear accurately, and (c) sense of touch sufficient to make discriminations., As a result of the analysis, a list of 18 essential functions emerged. These 18 items represent the essential functions in registered nursing education as identified by a panel of expert nurse educators following three rounds of a Delphi study. These findings provide a research basis for the development of lists of essential functions by nursing programs and a basis for further research in essential functions and reasonable accommodations
SN  - 978-0-591-98071-4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 150
T1  - Selection of a conceptual model/framework for guiding research interventions
A1  - Brathwaite,A.C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004076589 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - INTERNET J ADV NURS PRACT. 2003; 6(1): 22p. (23 ref) SB - Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Case Study, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Conceptual Framework
KW  - *Cultural Competence
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Competence
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - content
KW  - Cultural Competence/ed [Education]
KW  - Culture
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Models,Theoretical
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 22p
JF  - Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice.2003; 6(1): 22p.(23 ref)
J1  - Internet Journal of Advanced Nursing Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - Conceptual frameworks or models are used to guide research studies, nursing practice and educational programs, but few researchers have described the criteria used for selecting a conceptual framework for guiding the design of an educational intervention. This paper presents the criteria for appraising conceptual models, results of a critical review of these models and application of a model in designing a research intervention. The investigator has critically appraised six models of cultural competence for their suitability to guide the development of an intervention to assist nurses in refining their cultural competence skills. Criteria used to appraise the models are: Comprehensiveness of content, logical congruence, conceptual clarity, level of abstraction, clinical utility, and perspective on culture (cultural literacy versus experiential-phenomenological perspective). Several of the models met three or more criteria, but Campinha-Bacote's (1999) model of cultural competence is selected to guide the development of the intervention because it provides direction for education, practice and research as well as meets all the aforementioned criteria
SN  - 1523-6064
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 151
T1  - Attitudes of practitioners towards evidence-based practice -- a survey of 2000 podiatrists and chiropodists
A1  - Bristow,I.
A1  - Dean,T.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004014073 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - School of Podiatry, University College Northampton, Northampton NN2 &AL; Ivan.Bristow@Northampton.ac.uk AS - BR J PODIATRY. 2003 May; 6(2): 48-52. (29 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Podiatrists/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Data Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Recording
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Survey Research
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 48
EP  - 52
JF  - British Journal of Podiatry.2003 May; 6(2): 48-52.(29 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Podiatry
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - A cross sectional survey was undertaken with the objectives of recording podiatrists' level of awareness, knowledge and opinions towards evidence-based practice (EBP). A postal questionnaire was sent to 2000 randomly selected podiatrists and chiropodists of whom 1026 (51.8%) responded, following reminders. Most were very supportive of EBP, although the majority felt they needed further information about the concept. Also respondents cited barriers to EBP including lack of skills and time. Obtaining funding for further training was also an issue. Many of the respondents (particularly those in private practice) felt that they needed further training with regard to research, information technology and critical appraisal skills., The results of this study suggest that although there is support for EBP amongst podiatrists, there is a need for more educational initiatives to be developed to address these difficulties. Coinciding with this development, support strategies are needed to allow practitioners more time to pursue EBP activities
SN  - 1460-7328
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 152
T1  - Informatics education. Integration of information literacy into a revised medical school curriculum
A1  - Brown,J.F.
A1  - Nelson,J.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004092763 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Director, Educational Resources, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, 2003 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9130; jbrown@usc.edu AS - MED REF SERV Q. 2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74. (2 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Library User Education
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Medical
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 74
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California's newly revised Year I-II curriculum integrates information literacy components based on the AAMC's medical informatics objectives throughout the two-year continuum. Students are required to participate in various components taught by librarians from the Norris Medical Library including (1) an information skills workshop, (2) a yearlong literature search project, and (3) an evidence-based medicine resources workshop. Critical appraisal of literature also is included in the curriculum to ensure that the students are familiar with the various research study designs. Librarians also provide resources to assist students in researching learning issues related to cases presented in the curriculum. To encourage the faculty mentors to serve as good models of information users, librarians offer brief training sessions on information resources to faculty
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 153
T1  - Critically appraised topics
A1  - Chen,Y.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004202254 IN - Institute and Faculty of Physical Therapy, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan AS - PEDIATR PHYS THER. 2004 Summer; 16(2): 134-7 SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Down Syndrome/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Pediatric Physical Therapy
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Infant
KW  - journal
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Taiwan
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treadmills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 134
EP  - 137
JF  - Pediatric Physical Therapy.2004 Summer; 16(2): 134-7.
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SN  - 0898-5669
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 154
T1  - Teen magazines: manufacturing consent
A1  - Chow,J.D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004134060 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (University of Colorado Health Sciences Center) **1998; Ph.D. 178 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9911707 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Attitude
KW  - *Health Promotion/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Serial Publications
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - adolescents
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - content
KW  - Conversation
KW  - Critical Theory
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Feminist Critique
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Life
KW  - Magazines
KW  - media
KW  - methods
KW  - Perception
KW  - Phenomenology
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 178
N2  - The purpose of this study was to obtain adolescent perceptions of the messages of health and health related activities in teen magazines. Previous studies of teen magazine content have not taken into account the voices of the adolescent women who read them. Even though the reading of popular teen magazines seems to be an innocent activity, these magazines inform the readers with more than current information. They reverberate with our human tradition, expressing a turbulent, troublesome existence of women to our young., Audiotaped interview data were obtained from two focus groups, consisting of seven 15-18 year olds and five 12-15 year olds. In addition to the group interviews, at least two individual interviews were held with each research participant. When adolescent women, readers of YM, Seventeen , and Teen, met individually and in a series of four to five focus group meetings to talk about the health messages in teen magazines, their surprising responses did not fit the feminist, critical theory, and media reception analysis methods I used in my study. The seemingly undisputed acceptance of research methods as the sole means to knowledge and truth was interrupted by the voices of the adolescents that resisted methodological codifications. Even though feminist research, critical theory, and media reception analysis provide a rich language to help us understand teen magazines and stress the importance of allowing the readers voice their impressions, they merely theorize adolescent women., Hermeneutics or interpretive inquiry transformed my methodologically driven study to a research study that became substantively driven. Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics proposes that there is something beyond the filters of method to understanding human life. Hermeneutics led to understanding the significance of certain phenomena in our lives by means of personal address. The claims of "flipping," "freaks of nature," secrets, and propaganda legitimize the hermeneutic conversation about each of these phenomena. The conversations about each of these phenomena led to understanding, a fusion of horizons mediated by interpretation. Furthermore, this substantively driven research study contributes to the qualitative approaches in the human sciences
SN  - 978-0-599-10073-2
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 155
T1  - A qualitative analysis of the lived experience of nursing staff developers in the process of changing to a new educational model
A1  - Dombro,M.W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004110500 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Florida International University) **1997; Ed.D. 477 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9816376 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Attitude to Change
KW  - *Faculty,Nursing
KW  - *Life Experiences
KW  - *Staff Development
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computer
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - Employee
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - Florida
KW  - Gilligan's Theory of Moral Orientations
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Management
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - Organization
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 477
N2  - The purpose of this study was to document and critically analyze the lived experience of selected nursing staff developers in the process of moving toward a new model for hospital nursing education. Eleven respondents were drawn from a nation-wide population of about two hundred individuals involved in nursing staff development. These subjects were responsible for the implementation of the Performance Based Development System (PBDS) in their institutions., A purposive, criterion-based sampling technique was used with respondents being selected according to size of hospital, primary responsibility for orchestration of the change, influence over budgetary factors and managerial responsibility for PBDS. Data were gathered by the researcher through both in-person and telephone interviews. A semi-structured interview guide, designed by the researcher was used, and respondents were encouraged to amplify on their recollections as desired. Audiotapes were transcribed and resulting computer files were analyzed using the program "Martin". Answers to interview questions were compiled and reported across cases. The data was then reviewed a second time and interpreted for emerging themes and patterns., Two types of verification were used in the study. Internal verification was done through interview transcript review and feedback by respondents. External verification was done through review and feedback on data analysis by readers who were experienced in management of staff development departments., All respondents were female, so Gilligan's concept of the "ethic of care" was examined as a decision making strategy. Three levels of caring which influenced decision making were found. They were caring: (a) for the organization, (b) for the employee, and (c) for the patient. The four existentials of the lived experience, relationality, corporeality, temporality and spatiality were also examined to reveal the everydayness of making change
SN  - 978-0-591-67673-0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 156
T1  - Doing it better: putting research into practice. Improving practice with a journal club
A1  - Dyckoff,D.
A1  - Manela,J.
A1  - Valente,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004133121 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Clinical Coordinator, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles (Calif.) Health Care Center AS - NURSING. 2004 Jul; 34(7): 29. (3 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Brief Item LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
JF  - Nursing.2004 Jul; 34(7): 29.(3 ref)
J1  - Nursing
VL  - 34
IS  - 7
SN  - 0360-4039
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 157
T1  - Intuition in the undergraduate nursing curriculum: faculty attitudes, practices and preparation
A1  - Epeneter,B.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004093738 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Portland State University) **1998; Ed.D. 200 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9834858 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Nursing/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Faculty Attitudes
KW  - *Intuition
KW  - *Nursing as an Art
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Faculty,Nursing
KW  - interest
KW  - Intuition
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Learning
KW  - National League for Nursing
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - practice
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 200
N2  - The primary goal of undergraduate nursing programs is to prepare students for nursing practice. Achievement of this goal may be hindered by reliance on the scientific method in nursing education. Nursing practice often requires the ability to make judgments in situations of ambiguity without the benefit of objective data. The ability to rapidly "read" a situation and respond appropriately is critical to safe nursing care. This requires education in the intuitive way of knowing. Intuitive development may be impeded when students are taught to rely on the rational, scientific way of knowing. The end result may be that students are unprepared to meet the demands of nursing practice., Research on intuition in nursing has focused on nursing practice. To date, no study has explored intuition in nursing education., This study provides data on intuition in undergraduate nursing curricula. A descriptive research study was done on faculty members of the National League for Nursing (NLN). An intuition survey was developed and pilot tested on 10 undergraduate nursing faculty. The survey was sent to a random sample of 676 NLN faculty members nationally. A 51% (N = 330) response rate was achieved. The survey included: (a) intuition attitudes, (b) attitudes toward including intuition in the undergraduate nursing curriculum, (c) intuition in the current curricula, (d) practices related to development and teaching of intuition, and (e) preparation for teaching about intuition., The major findings are: (1) Faculty expressed attitudes of value for intuition. (2) Faculty expressed attitudes that support the importance and appropriateness of including intuition but had concerns about including intuition. (3) Intuition is currently included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum on a limited bases. (4) Faculty use many strategies to develop their own intuition and to help students develop intuition. The majority of faculty rate the strategies as effective. (5) A limited number of respondents had preparation to teach about intuition and the majority expressed interest in learning more about intuition. (6) Program type, years in nursing education, and highest degree in nursing made a difference on intuition attitudes
SN  - 978-0-591-88287-2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 158
T1  - The systematic review report
A1  - Evans,D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004208239 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer, Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005; d.evans@adelaide.edu.au AS - COLLEGIAN. 2004 Apr; 11(2): 8-11. (36 ref) SB - Australia & New Zealand Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Systematic Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Writing for Publication
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice,Research-Based
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - South Australia
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 11
JF  - Collegian.2004 Apr; 11(2): 8-11.(36 ref)
J1  - Collegian
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - Systematic reviews are increasingly being used in health care to support and guide clinical practice. However, the quality and relevance of the systematic review should be assessed before its findings are implemented into practice. To enable this appraisal, a comprehensive description of the review method and findings is required. This paper presents an overview of what information should be provided when systematic reviews are submitted for publication., The systematic review report should state the focus of the review and provide a description of the processes used during the search, critical appraisal, data abstraction and data synthesis phases of the review. The focus of the review is provided through the description of the review question and inclusion criteria. The search strategy must be fully reported and should include the specific databases searched, the search terms and the processes used. Information is also needed on how study quality was appraised and the processes used to summarise and synthesise the data. Complete reporting of the findings of the review is also required if the implications for practice are to be evaluated
SN  - 1322-7696
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 159
T1  - Critically appraised topics... Is constraint-induced therapy an effective intervention for the treatment of upper extremity dysfunction in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP)?
A1  - Fetters,L.
A1  - Figueiredo,E.M.
A1  - Keane-Miller,D.
A1  - McSweeney,D.J.
A1  - Tsao,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004115966 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Programs in Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA AS - PEDIATR PHYS THER. 2004 Spring; 16(1): 77-9. (3 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Cerebral Palsy/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Constraint-Induced Therapy
KW  - *Muscle Spasticity/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Science
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 79
JF  - Pediatric Physical Therapy.2004 Spring; 16(1): 77-9.(3 ref)
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SN  - 0898-5669
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 160
T1  - "Stuck in the middle with you": the ethics and process of qualitative research with two people in an intimate relationship
A1  - Forbat,L.
A1  - Henderson,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004056563 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Fellow, School of Health and Social Welfare, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom AS - QUAL HEALTH RES. 2003 Dec; 13(10): 1453-62. (17 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research LG - English
KW  - *Caregivers/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Research Ethics
KW  - *Research Personnel/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Research Subjects/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Interpersonal Relations
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Intimacy
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Reflection
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - School
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Standard
KW  - stories
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vignettes
KW  - Welfare
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1453
EP  - 1462
JF  - Qualitative Health Research.2003 Dec; 13(10): 1453-62.(17 ref)
J1  - Qualitative Health Research
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
N2  - In this article, the authors discuss their experiences of two separate research projects involving interviews with both partners in care relationships that pushed the ethics of research methods along unfamiliar routes. The desire to understand the relationship from both sides was seen to outweigh the perils of accessing both stories but only when the ethical and procedural elements had been sufficiently worked through. It is those ethical and procedural elements that they share in this article, which is offered as a provocative nudge toward a continued critical appraisal of ethical standards within qualitative research and begins with the authors' reflection on their processes for such research through the examination of a fictionalized vignette
SN  - 1049-7323
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 161
T1  - Critically appraised topics (CATs): one method of facilitating evidence-based practice in physiotherapy
A1  - Foster,N.
A1  - Barlas,P.
A1  - Chesterton,L.
A1  - Wong,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004186585 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer in Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG; n.foster@keele.ac.uk AS - PHYSIOTHERAPY. 2001 Apr; 87(4): 179-90. (24 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Glossary, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Arthroplasty,Replacement,Knee/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Cystic Fibrosis/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Information Resources
KW  - *Neck Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Traction
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Cervical Vertebrae
KW  - Chest Physical Therapy/mt [Methods]
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Motion Therapy,Continuous Passive
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 179
EP  - 190
JF  - Physiotherapy.2001 Apr; 87(4): 179-90.(24 ref)
J1  - Physiotherapy
VL  - 87
IS  - 4
N2  - A critically appraised topic (CAT) is a. summary of the best available evidence, which answers a clinical question and includes a clinical 'bottom-line'. A CAT is essentially patient-based, in that it begins with a clinical question generated from a specific patient situation or problem. As such, a CAT has direct relevance to clinicians, who may sometimes feel that the concepts of evidence-based medicine are idealistic and far removed from real clinical practice. This paper presents one method of helping to develop the skills of critical appraisal and present research findings in a clear and consistent manner, so that their clinical relevance may be understood and used to facilitate clinical decision-making. It discusses the essential steps in the formation of CATs and presents some examples, which were developed as part of a new module on evidence-based practice for physiotherapists. These examples are presented to show that the key components and uses of CATs are applicable to all physiotherapists, across all areas of practice. The use of CATs within physiotherapy practice offers a consistent method of critically appraising and summarising the results of research findings. Their formation, use and evaluation within the clinical environment offer one method of increasing confidence in understanding research as well as dissemination of important research findings within physiotherapy
SN  - 0031-9406
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 162
T1  - Web resource appraisal process (WRAP): a framework to establish critically appraised nursing knowledge -- an active web based learning exercise
A1  - Gillham,D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004164189 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, City East Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide 5001, Australia; david.gillham@unisa.edu.au AS - NURSE EDUC PRACT. 2002 Dec; 2(4): 257-66. (23 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Information Resources
KW  - *Nursing Knowledge
KW  - *Website Development
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - City
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - content
KW  - Databases
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Internet
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 257
EP  - 266
JF  - Nurse Education in Practice.2002 Dec; 2(4): 257-66.(23 ref)
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
N2  - There have been dramatic advances in Internet technology in the past 10 years. However, for the Internet to reach its full potential for nursing practice and education, improvements in the quality and accessibility of health care information on the Internet are needed. This paper describes the development of a Web Resource Appraisal Process (WRAP). The WRAP consists of a template and series of online tutorials designed to facilitate the development of online resources for nursing. The WRAP can be described as a content focused authoring tool. The WRAP directs users through a range of high quality international health websites and databases in order to collect information related to specific practice areas. The WRAP then provides an ordered structure for the presentation of this information in an online format. The WRAP is a website with three main functions. Firstly, it is a teaching and learning resource promoting interactive learning using online resources. Secondly, the WRAP promotes the application of research evidence to practice by providing a standardised framework for the critical review of information resources. Thirdly, the WRAP provides a mechanism for the collaborative documentation of nursing knowledge. This paper concludes by discussing implications of the WRAP for the development, documentation and dissemination of knowledge across the health professions
SN  - 1471-5953
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 163
T1  - Perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing research findings in the Irish practice setting
A1  - Glacken,M.
A1  - Chaney,D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004206526 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; glackenm@tcd.ie AS - J CLIN NURS. 2004 Sep; 13(6): 731-40. (37 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English CM - Cowman S. Commentary on Glacken M & Chaney D (2004) Perceived barriers to implementing research findings in the Irish practice setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing 13, 731-740. J CLIN NURS 2006 Feb; 15(2): 242-3 (commentary) [CINAHL Accession Number: <LINK type="-GL" an="2009128114" ap="an" sourcedb="nursing" targetdb="nursing">2009128114</LINK>]
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Research,Nursing/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading skills
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - daily practice
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Inferential Statistics
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nonprobability Sample
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Organization
KW  - Perception
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Privacy
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Scales
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 731
EP  - 740
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2004 Sep; 13(6): 731-40.(37 ref)
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
N2  - Background. Studies have consistently demonstrated that nurses are increasingly recognizing the role research has to play in their daily practice. Despite this recognition the actual application of research findings in the practice setting is still poor. To date, the barriers to implementing research findings in the Republic of Ireland's practice setting have not been explored empirically. This study sought to address this gap., Aims. The aims of this study were to ascertain what Registered Nurses practising in the Republic of Ireland perceive as barriers to the implementation of research findings in the practice setting and to explore what they perceive would facilitate them in using research findings in their daily practice., Design. Cross-sectional survey., Methods. A non-probability strategy was employed with all Registered Nurses who commenced a nursing-focused academic course accredited by the University of Dublin, Trinity College, between September 2001 and February 2002 invited to participate. The ethical rights of the participants in terms of anonymity, privacy and informed consent were assured through a number of mechanisms. Data were collected via the Barriers scale., Findings. Eight of the top 10 ranked barriers were organization centred. The top barrier was a perception of insufficient authority to instigate change in the practice setting. The perceived key facilitators to implementing research findings included protected time for retrieval and evaluation of research findings, instrumental support from management, informed supportive personnel in the practice settings and accessible educational opportunities to augment critical reading skills., Relevance to clinical practice. The Irish Government is committed to provide the people of Ireland with an evidence-based health service. From a nursing perspective the findings of this study indicate that a number of strategies have to be introduced or enhanced in the practice settings before this commitment can be realized
SN  - 0962-1067
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 164
T1  - Information literacy integration in a doctoral program
A1  - Grant,M.
A1  - Berg,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004136067 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - BEHAV SOC SCI LIBR. 2003; 22(1): 115-28. (8 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Computer Literacy/ed [Education]
KW  - *Curriculum/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Educational Technology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Management/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Technology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teachers/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Conversation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Doctoral
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information Management/st [Standards]
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Graduate
KW  - Study
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 128
JF  - Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian.2003; 22(1): 115-28.(8 ref)
J1  - Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Information literacy is critical to those preparing to work as leaders in the realm of education. This study looked at the infusion of information literacy into a new doctoral program, the SDSU-USD Joint Doctoral Program. TheACRLstandards were used as a founding point from which to appraise the acquisition of information literacy. Data collection involved faculty review of classes taught within the program as related to the standards. In addition, data regarding the specific methods by which standards were put into effect within the courses were gathered from a focus group comprised of doctoral students currently involved in the program. A means by which to incorporate and verify the inclusion of information literacy standards into the curriculum was developed in the course of this research. Furthermore, exemplars that may serve as models for information literacy inclusion have been established. Of greatest importance, a heightened awareness of the concept of information literacy was manifest in the conversations that occurred between faculty and students
SN  - 0163-9269
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 165
T1  - Improving patient care. Communicating about health care: observations from persons who are deaf or hard of hearing
A1  - Iezzoni,L.I.
A1  - O'Day,B.L.
A1  - Killeen,M.
A1  - Harker,H.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004072203 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center RO-137, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 AS - ANN INTERN MED. 2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68. (43 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Consumer/Patient Teaching Materials, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Communication
KW  - *Deafness
KW  - *Health Care Delivery
KW  - *Hearing Disorders
KW  - *Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communication
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery/mt [Methods]
KW  - health information
KW  - Hearing
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Note
KW  - Observation
KW  - Office Visits
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Centered Care
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - Patient-Centered Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Population
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - Safety
KW  - Staff
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Materials
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 356
EP  - 362
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 140
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Achieving patient-centered care requires effective communication between physicians and patients. Persons who are deaf or hard of hearing face considerable barriers to communicating with physicians. OBJECTIVE: To understand perceptions of health care experiences and suggestions for improving care among deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals. DESIGN: 4 semistructured group interviews, 2 conducted in American Sign Language (for deaf individuals) and 2 using Communication Access Realtime Translation (for hard-of-hearing individuals). Men and women were interviewed separately. Tapes of interviews were transcribed verbatim for analysis. SETTING: Greater Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, DC, in 2001. PARTICIPANTS: 14 deaf adults (23 to 51 years of age) and 12 hard-of-hearing adults (30 to 74 years of age). MEASUREMENTS: Commonly expressed themes or views organized around dimensions of communication. RESULTS: Concerns coalesced around 6 broad themes: conflicting views between physicians and patients about being deaf or hard of hearing; different perceptions about what constitutes effective communication (such as lip reading, writing notes, and sign language interpreter); medication safety and other risks posed by inadequate communication; communication problems during physical examinations and procedures; difficulties interacting with office staff, including in waiting rooms; and problems with telephone communication, such as lengthy message menus. Participants offered extensive suggestions for improvements, starting with clinicians' asking patients about their preferred communication approach. Having patients repeat critical health information (such as medication instructions) can identify potentially dangerous miscommunication. CONCLUSIONS: As the population ages, physicians will encounter many more persons with hearing limitations. Physicians are not reimbursed for making some accommodations, such as hiring sign language interpreters. However, ensuring effective communication is essential to safe, timely, efficient, and patient-centered care
SN  - 0003-4819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 166
T1  - Research matters. Assessing the quality of research as a basis for clinical practice
A1  - Johnston,L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004207411 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - School of Nursing, University of Melbourne, VIC AS - NEONAT PAEDIATR CHILD HEALTH NURS. 2004 Jul; 7(2): 27-9. (12 ref) SB - Australia & New Zealand Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Bias (Research)
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - School
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 29
JF  - Neonatal, Paediatric & Child Health Nursing.2004 Jul; 7(2): 27-9.(12 ref)
J1  - Neonatal, Paediatric & Child Health Nursing
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
N2  - This series of articles on evidence based practice (EBP) has been designed to introduce the principles of EBP according to the generally accepted staged process of underpinning clinical practice with research. Those stages were presented in the first article of the series'. In this article, the process of critical appraisal of the evidence to ascertain its validity and generalisability to the practice domain is examined. In addition, various web-based resources for clinicians to aid in the appraisal process are included
SN  - 1441-6638
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 167
T1  - Developing critical appraisal skills amongst staff in a hospital trust
A1  - Land,L.M.
A1  - Ward,S.
A1  - Taylor,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004165863 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Lecturer, Health and Social Care Research Centre, University of Central England, Health and Social Care Research Centre, University of Central England, Ravensbury House, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TN; lucy.land@uce.ac.uk AS - NURSE EDUC PRACT. 2002 Sep; 2(3): 176-80. (12 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - *Quality Improvement
KW  - *Seminars and Workshops/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Personnel
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Staff
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 180
JF  - Nurse Education in Practice.2002 Sep; 2(3): 176-80.(12 ref)
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
N2  - This project was designed to encourage health professionals to use available evidence in their practice by facilitating the development of critical appraisal skills and by making them aware of the practical benefits of using evidence in practice. A partn ership was developed to roll out a workshop programme to enable all members of the health care team within a variety of clinical areas locate, appraise and utilise appropriate evidence in their speciality and to provide the Hospital's professional develo pment team with the necessary experience to conduct subsequent programmes. Six different modules were provided including an introductory session and five other modules each covering a portion of the critical appraisal process. 45 staff including 19 nurse s participated and all were surveyed in the post workshop evaluations. Comments were very positive and the sessions appeared to have enthused the participants. There were some limitations to the project, including fluctuating attendance, but the main out come of this project is that the team realised that in order to be more effective in their approach it would be most appropriate to single out clinical specialities and design workshops entirely applicable to their interests
SN  - 1471-5953
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 168
T1  - Evidence-based practice in occupational therapy -- why the jury is still out
A1  - Lloyd,C.
A1  - King,R.
A1  - Bassett,H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004091180 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Occupational Therapist, IMHS, Gold Coast Hospital; Chris_Lloyd@health.qld.gov.au AS - NZ J OCCUP THER. 2002 Mar; 49(1): 10-4. (39 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Australia & New Zealand Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - *Occupational Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 14
JF  - New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy.2002 Mar; 49(1): 10-4.(39 ref)
J1  - New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based practice requires treatment decisions to be based on critically appraised published Outcome Sluuies rather than clinical judgement has been heralded as a means of providing more accountable and effective health services. In this review, two categories of obstacle to the implementation of evidence-based practice in occupational therapy practice are considered. The first is the absence of an adequate research literature for most areas of occupational therapy practice. The second is difficulties in ascertaining the clinical validity of such published research. We conclude by suggesting that it is time for occupational therapists to develop a greater commitment to outcome research and at the same time to develop a more critical awareness of both the potential and the limitations of such research
SN  - 1171-0462
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 169
T1  - How a research network developed a multidisciplinary journal club
A1  - Mayor,P.
A1  - Boyle,P.
A1  - Price,L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004060060 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Gastrointestinal/Sarcoma Research Nurse, Mid Trent Cancer Research Network AS - PROF NURSE. 2004 Feb; 19(6): 308-9. (3 ref 1 bib) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Research
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Multidisciplinary Care Team
KW  - Networking,Professional
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 308
EP  - 309
JF  - Professional Nurse.2004 Feb; 19(6): 308-9.(3 ref 1 bib)
J1  - Professional Nurse
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
N2  - A nurse-led journal club, which meets monthly, brings together health-care professionals from various disciplines to read about and discuss the latest developments in cancer research
SN  - 0266-8130
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 170
T1  - Pain management in Australian emergency departments: a critical appraisal of evidence based practice
A1  - McCallum,T.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004074143 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Clinical Nurse Specialist, Emergency Department, Wyong Hospital, Wyong NSW Australia AS - AUST EMERG NURS J. 2003; 6(2): 9-13. (22 ref) SB - Australia & New Zealand Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Review LG - English
KW  - *Analgesics/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - *Emergency Care
KW  - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Assessment Tools
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Documentation
KW  - elderly
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Patients
KW  - Emergency Service
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Measurement
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Review
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - Visual Analog Scaling
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 13
JF  - Australian Emergency Nursing Journal.2003; 6(2): 9-13.(22 ref)
J1  - Australian Emergency Nursing Journal
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper is a critical appraisal of evidence based practice in pain management in Australian emergency departments. Pain is the major cause of emergency department attendances yet inadequate pain management is widespread., Pain management involves assessment, documentation, treatment, and evaluation. Oligoanalgesia is particularly evident in children, the elderly, ethnic patients and patients experiencing severe pain., Evidence based practice relies upon systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines yet both are limited in relation to specific emergency department modalities. Further work is required to assess the varied aspects of Australian emergency department pain management practices. Widespread dissemination of the findings is essential to improve the uptake of evidence based practice
SN  - 1328-2743
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 171
T1  - Academic practice exemplars. Complexity theory: a long-term care specialty practice exemplar for the education of advanced practice nurses
A1  - McConnell,E.S.
A1  - Lekan-Rutledge,D.
A1  - Nevidjon,B.
A1  - Anderson,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004052765 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Research Professor and Director, Gerontological Nursing Program, Duke University School of Nursing, Box 3322 DUMC, Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710; mccon002@mc.duke.edu AS - J NURS EDUC. 2004 Feb; 43(2): 84-7. (23 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Faculty Practice
KW  - *Gerontologic Nurse Practitioners/ed [Education]
KW  - *Gerontologic Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Long Term Care
KW  - *Nurse-Managed Centers
KW  - *Urinary Incontinence/ed [Education]
KW  - *Urinary Incontinence/nu [Nursing]
KW  - *Urinary Incontinence/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Advanced Practice Nurses
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Exemplars
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals and Objectives
KW  - Home
KW  - Incontinence
KW  - Inpatients
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning Environment,Clinical
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Long-Term Care
KW  - Management
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assistants
KW  - Nursing Home
KW  - Nursing Outcomes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Nursing Skills
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Program Implementation
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - research-based practice
KW  - Resident
KW  - Retention
KW  - School
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Placement
KW  - Students
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Technique
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 84
EP  - 87
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Feb; 43(2): 84-7.(23 ref)
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
N2  - This clinical exemplar highlights how an academic clinical practice supported gerontological nursing students as they learned evidence-based approaches to managing complex geriatric syndromes in long-term care. Urinary incontinence (UI), which occurs in more than two thirds of nursing home residents, was the focus of the faculty practice. Advanced practice nursing skills developed by students included advanced physical assessment and diagnostic reasoning techniques, critical appraisal of the scientific evidence for UI management, and the ability to teach evidence-based approaches to UI care to bedside nursing staff. Outcomes of the practice for the facilities included improved detection of urinary retention, reduced wetness rates, and strengthened systems of care for UI. Student outcomes included an increased sense of self-efficacy in management of UI and other complex geriatric problems. Complexity theory guides a discussion of how curriculum design and research-based practices can be implemented to enhance both student and facility outcomes
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 172
T1  - Critical thinking in nursing students: a comparison of designs
A1  - Norwood,B.R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004134019 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (The University of Tennessee) **1998; Ed.D. 98 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9903935 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Study Design/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - higher education
KW  - meaning
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paired T-Tests
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Secondary Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 98
N2  - Critical thinking has become a prominent theme at all levels of education. While there is little agreement about its precise meaning, there is considerable agreement that the concept is desirable, particularly in higher education., There has been considerable research on the effect of nursing curricula on students' abilities to think critically using the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). The findings from this research have been mixed, leading to conflicting and inconclusive findings. Accounting for these conflicting findings is an important area to explore., The conflicting findings may be due to the limitations of the designs employed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a longitudinal repeated measures design model with a pretest/posttest design model in assessing changes in critical thinking abilities of a cohort of baccalaureate nursing students. The research questions were: (1) does a pretest/posttest design lead to the same conclusions about changes in total critical thinking scores as a repeated measures design? and (2) does a pretest/posttest design lead to the same conclusions about changes in component critical thinking scores as a repeated measures design?, An existing data set, consisting of WGCTA scores. This data set allowed for the comparison of a pretest/posttest design with a repeated measures design. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate the pretest/posttest design and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the repeated measures design., The pretest/posttest design for total WGCTA scores revealed no significant differences, however, the repeated measures design, revealed significant differences. The pretest/posttest design for the subtest scores revealed no significant differences with the exception of the subtest for recognition of assumptions which showed a significant increase. The repeated measures design revealed significant differences for all the subtests with the exception of inferences, which showed no significant difference., The conclusion drawn from this study is that a repeated measures design provides a better method for examining critical thinking than does a simple pretest/posttest design if faculty are truly interested in determining the effect that the nursing curriculum has on the development of critical thinking abilities of students
SN  - 978-0-599-01221-9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 173
T1  - Barriers in implementing research findings in cancer care: the Greek registered nurses perceptions
A1  - Patiraki,E.
A1  - Karlou,C.
A1  - Papadopoulou,D.
A1  - Spyridou,A.
A1  - Kouloukoura,C.
A1  - Bare,E.
A1  - Merkouris,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004208321 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Nursing Faculty, University of Athens, 123 Papadiamantopoulou 115 27 Athens, Greece; epatiraki@nurs.uoa.gr AS - EUR J ONCOL NURS. 2004 Sep; 8(3): 245-56. (48 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Oncologic Nursing
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cluster Sample
KW  - Coefficient Alpha
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing/hi [History]
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Greece
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Mann-Whitney U Test
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Observation
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scales
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 245
EP  - 256
JF  - European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2004 Sep; 8(3): 245-56.(48 ref)
J1  - European Journal of Oncology Nursing
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
N2  - This study explored Greek nurses' perceptions of the barriers to research utilization faced in every day practice. The barriers between nurses working in cancer and general hospitals, as well as between those employed at central and provincial hospitals were compared. The study used a cross-sectional design and data were collected using the "Barriers Scale" (Funk et al., 1991a, Applied Nursing Research, 4, 39-45). A convenience sample of 301 nurses was randomly selected from 12 hospitals in Greece. The two key barriers identified were related to the 'availability of research findings'. English language was perceived to range between moderate and major barrier for the vast majority of participants (n = 231, 78%). Nurses surveyed indicated the presentation of research findings as the greatest barrier while the characteristics of nurses themselves were perceived as the least important one. No significant differences were found between types of hospitals (cancer/general) and geographical areas (central/provincial). Some differences, however, were observed in relation to specific items of the scale such as feeling isolated from 'research-knowledgeable' colleagues and having insufficient time to implement new ideas. The observations reported here appear to agree with the findings in mainstream literature. The results suggest that more emphasis should be given in research methodology, statistics and critical appraisal skills at all levels of nursing education, and that efforts should be made towards increasing research availability and creating supportive environments for implementation of research findings
SN  - 1462-3889
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 174
T1  - Clinical decision-making and clinical judgment outcomes by nursing students in traditional or nontraditional curricula
A1  - Saunders,D.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004096485 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (The College of William and Mary) **1997; Ed.D. 258 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9807601 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - *Education,Non-Traditional
KW  - *Judgment
KW  - *Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - assessment
KW  - Career
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Learning
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - School Re-Entry
KW  - Self Perception
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 258
N2  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the claim that nursing students in nontraditional curricula achieve program outcomes consistent with nursing students in traditional generic curricula. Clinical decision making and clinical judgment are essential components of critical thinking in nursing. Self-perception as a decision-maker was measured by the Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS) and clinical judgment was measured by the Clinical Judgment in Nursing Series #1: Emergencies in Adult Client Care Test (CJS:EACC)., Participants were recruited from three regional universities. One curricular group consisted of a generic (traditional) BSN group. One nontraditional curricular design was RN-BSN Completion programs designed for RN's to return for degree completion. The second nontraditional curricular group represented an Accelerated BSN program designed for adult learners with a previous baccalaureate degree to achieve a career change to nursing., No significant outcome differences in self-perception as a clinical decision-maker as measured by mean scores on the CDMNS or in the decision making process as measured by subscale scores on the CDMNS were found between Traditional and nontraditional student groups. The hypotheses that there would be no differences in either self-perception as a decision maker or the decision making process were supported., A significant difference was found between group scores related to clinical judgment as measured by the CJS:EACC. The nontraditional curricular groups, primarily adult learners, achieved higher scores than the generic group. The attributes of age, work experience, self-directedness, and readiness to learn may have influenced the adult learner's ability to achieve, through nontraditional program structures, at the same level or higher as traditional students. Age was an influencing variable on CJS:EACC scores. The instrument measures nursing assessment and intervention related to adult medical/surgical clients. The hypothesis that there would be no difference in clinical judgment could not be supported., Interview responses representative of each curricular group were consistent with previous studies of the goals, barriers, learning needs, and characteristics of the adult learner
SN  - 978-0-591-57940-6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 175
T1  - Analysis of written stories as a method to evaluate nursing students' goal attainment [Norwegian]
A1  - Wisloff,E.M.S.
A1  - Fagermoen,M.S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2004097112 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - NORSK TIDSSKRIFT SYKEPLEIEFORSKNING. 2003; 5(2): 99-117. (18 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - Norwegian
KW  - *Goal Attainment
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - journal
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Skill
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 99
EP  - 117
JF  - Norsk Tidsskrift For Sykepleieforskning.2003; 5(2): 99-117.(18 ref)
J1  - Norsk Tidsskrift For Sykepleieforskning
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
N2  - The purpose of this article is to outline and evaluate a systematic process for the analysis of students' goal attainment in clinical studies abroad, based on their written narratives. A total of 30 narratives were analysed. The process of content analysis involved thorough preparatory steps and repeated readings to facilitate a fair evaluation of the students' stories. The objectives that could be evaluated pertained to the nurse-patient relationship, respect, and a critical reflective attitude. However, the method did not allow an appraisal of the practical skills of the students
SN  - 1501-4754
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 176
T1  - Residents' perspective. Presenting at Journal Club: a guide
A1  - Atzema,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005019680 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Royal College Emergency Medicine Residency Training Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - ANN EMERG MED. 2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74. (18 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Resident
KW  - Serial Publications
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 169
EP  - 174
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
SN  - 0196-0644
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 177
T1  - Exploring pattern manifestation through critical incident analysis of nurse educators and clinicians
A1  - Bowles,D.J.N.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005060193 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Spalding University) **1999; Ed.D. 102 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9926064 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes
KW  - *Theory-Practice Relationship/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Career
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communication
KW  - Confidence
KW  - conflict
KW  - Critical Incidents Method
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Human
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Recording
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Rogers Science of Unitary Human Beings
KW  - Science
KW  - stories
KW  - Study
KW  - Thematic Analysis
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 102
N2  - A long-standing dilemma for the profession of nursing is what occurs in clinical situations is not congruent with what theory and research state ought to happen. The theory-practice gap has been described as a 'crisis in confidence in professional knowledge" (Schon, 1983). Employing Martha Rogers, (1970, 1990) Science of Unitary Human Beings theory, the purpose of this study was to explore pattern manifestation appraisal of nurse educators" and clinicians" narratives regarding meaningful events in their careers. The methodology employed critical incident analysis through audio recording the stories of six educators (representing theory) and six clinicians (representing practice). Data analysis produced the following unifying themes: <italic> Human Betterment, Mutual Respect, Collaboration, Conflict in Communication </italic> and <italic>Moments of Doubt</italic>. Unique themes of <italic> Moments of Fear</italic> and <italic>Spirituality</italic> were identified from the educators and clinicians respectively. Findings also supported reflection-on-action of critical incidents as an effective method to elicit manifestations of pattern. Although integrality was present among the participants, stories, additional studies are needed to further explore praxis in the nursing profession
SN  - 978-0-599-25782-5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 178
T1  - Ready for the worst
A1  - Brazino,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005030598 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - NURS SPECTRUM (PHILADELPHIA TRI STATE). 2004 Jul 26; 13(15): 10-1. (4 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Trauma Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Skills
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - professionals
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 11
JF  - Nursing Spectrum (Greater Philadelphia/Tri-State Edition).2004 Jul 26; 13(15): 10-1.(4 ref)
J1  - Nursing Spectrum (Greater Philadelphia/Tri-State Edition)
VL  - 13
IS  - Greater Philadelphia/Tri-State Edition
N2  - Trauma nurses are highly skilled health professionals whose special training prepares them to provide continuity of care for the most critically injured patients
SN  - 1074-858X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 179
T1  - Development of a generic critical appraisal tool by consensus: presentation of first round Delphi survey results
A1  - Burnett,J.
A1  - Grimmer,K.
A1  - Kumar,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005125278 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia AS - INTERNET J ALLIED HEALTH SCI PRACT. 2005 Jan; 3(1): 22p. (35 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Research,Allied Health/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - academics
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Allied Health Personnel
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consensus
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Delphi Technique
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 22p
JF  - Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice.2005 Jan; 3(1): 22p.(35 ref)
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - The growing importance of evidence based practice is necessitating academics and clinicians to be able to make judgments about the quality of the body of research evidence pertaining to clinical questions. There are numerous critical appraisal tools to assist this process. These are mostly designed for specific research designs, and tend not to reflect the particular concerns of allied health professionals, such as accuracy of diagnosis, adequate description of intervention, and sensitivity and utility of outcome measures. This paper reports the findings of a study which sought expert opinion on the essential criteria for critical appraisal, and whether a generic critical appraisal tool could be developed for allied health use. A modified Delphi technique was used to identify experts, and determine key criteria., Fifteen Australian allied health professionals participated, and identified key criteria as clinical relevance, methodological robustness, statistical robustness, aims that are clearly stated and conclusions that are reasonable considering the results. In terms of the development of a generic critical appraisal tool for all research designs, the opinion was that to adequately deal with critical appraisal of qualitative and quantitative research designs within a generic tool would be challenging
SN  - 1540-580X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 180
T1  - Abstracts: Design for Living Life, College of Occupational Therapists 27th Annual Conference and Exhibition, 8th-11th July 2003, SECC Glasgow. Design for research -- how to critically appraise and use evidence in practice
A1  - Deane,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005054936 IN - University of Birmingham and City Hospital NHS Trust; k.h.deane@bham.ac.uk AS - College of Occupational Therapists. 2003; 52. (3 ref) PT - Proceedings, Abstract LG - English
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - City
KW  - College
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Life
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 52
JF  - College of Occupational Therapists.2003; 52.(3 ref)
IS  - 3 ref
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 181
T1  - Processing strategies and the generation effect: implications for making a better reader
A1  - DeWinstanley,P.A.
A1  - Bjork,E.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005105109 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, 120 W. Lorain St., Oberlin, OH 44074-1086; patty.dewinstanley@oberlin.edu AS - MEM COGNIT. 2004 Sep; 32(6): 945-55. (40 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Biomedical Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Language Processing
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cognition
KW  - College
KW  - consequence
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning Methods
KW  - Memory
KW  - Ohio
KW  - psychology
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - strategies
KW  - Students
KW  - T-Tests
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 945
EP  - 955
JF  - Memory and Cognition.2004 Sep; 32(6): 945-55.(40 ref)
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
N2  - When presented with items that must be generated versus read at encoding, individuals typically remember better those items that they generated versus those that they only read. We examined whether--given the opportunity to experience such differential memorial consequences of generating versus reading--participants might change how they processed future to-be-read information. In a first set of two experiments, participants were able to profit from such an experience to the extent that a generation advantage was eliminated on subsequent memory tests of generated and read items. Two additional experiments demonstrated the critical nature of this experience in leading to improved processing of future to-be-read information and elimination of a generation advantage. We believe that these results relate to the characterization of the learner emerging from recent metacognitive research and have possible implications for how learners might be induced to process information more effectively
SN  - 0090-502X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 182
T1  - Breastfeeding--the great divide: the controversy as seen through a midwifery lens
A1  - Finigan,V.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005018538 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Infant Feeding Advisor, Royal Oldham Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Oldham, Lancashire AS - MIDIRS MIDWIFERY DIGEST. 2004 Jun; 14(2): 227-31. (24 ref) SB - Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Breast Feeding Promotion
KW  - *Midwife Attitudes
KW  - Article
KW  - Bottle Feeding
KW  - Breast Feeding/ed [Education]
KW  - choice
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - controversies
KW  - Decision Making,Patient
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Mothers/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 227
EP  - 231
JF  - MIDIRS Midwifery Digest.2004 Jun; 14(2): 227-31.(24 ref)
J1  - MIDIRS Midwifery Digest
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - Midwives yet again stand divided on the issue of whether or not to support breastfeeding. One group promotes and supports breastfeeding whilst the other group suggests that they do so to the detriment of the mothers for whom they care (RCM 2004, Woods 2004). In this article I aim to critically appraise the stance midwives are taking, to look at the mothers' rights to make an 'informed choice', and to explore the avenues of evidence-based practice
SN  - 0961-5555
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 183
T1  - Information Rx. Emergency medicine abstracts online: a source of evidence-based emergency medicine
A1  - Fitzpatrick,R.B.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005082139 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Associate Director, George F Smith Library of the Health Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 30 Twelfth Ave, Newark, NJ 07103-2754; fitzparb@umdnj.edu AS - J ELECTRONIC RESOUR MED LIBR. 2004; 1(3): 65-72 SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Databases,Health
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - *Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Abstracting and Indexing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Database Producers
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Science
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 72
JF  - Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries.2004; 1(3): 65-72.
J1  - Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - Emergency Medicine Abstracts Online is a source of pre-filtered, evidence-based information. It is designed to assist emergency medicine physicians who wish to augment their clinical decisionmaking process with information from the medical literature. That information has been critically appraised, and effectiveness statements are supplied. This column presents background information about the database, as well as provides searching information
SN  - 1542-4065
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 184
T1  - The critical review: a new type of paper [Spanish]
A1  - Garcia Fernandez,F.P.
A1  - Pancorbo Hidalgo,P.L.
A1  - Rodriguez Torres,M.C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005030069 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - GEROKOMOS. 2004 Sep; 15(3): 156-62. (8 ref) SB - Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - Spanish
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - *Systematic Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validity
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 156
EP  - 162
JF  - Gerokomos.2004 Sep; 15(3): 156-62.(8 ref)
J1  - Gerokomos
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
N2  - The spectacular increase in the quantity of circulating scientific information, the difficulties for the access to the same one, problems of understanding and critical analysis of the scientific information and shortage of time for reading of articles is hindering the diffusion of the nursing scientific knowledge. The appearance of a new type of scientific article, the Critical Review (CR), also denominated Structured and Commented Summary, would contribute to solve some of these problems. The author of a CR select excellent research papers carried out in any place of the world, overcome the idiomatic barriers and analyze in a critical way the information putting it to disposition for the use of clinical nurses in a summarized way., In this article we seek to give the reader the necessary help to elaborate a CR trying to define the characteristics that should gather this type of scientific article, so the Critical Comment (with a minimum of quality elements) as the structure of the Informative Summary (to be included in databases)., The CR is composed for preliminary part (with the title, the informative summary, key words, the question type Evidence-based nursing (EBN) and the selection of the article), a structured summary (that is composed for the design of the study, place, aims, methods, main results and conclusions) and the critical comment (introduction to the problem, validity of the study, relevance of the work and closing with answer to the EBN question). This abstract was translated into English by the publisher or author
SN  - 1134-928X
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 185
T1  - Graduate nurses' conceptualization of critical thinking and perceptions of classroom strategies that foster critical thinking
A1  - Gardner,S.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005090275 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (University of Missouri - Saint Louis) **2004; Ed.D. 146 p DD - UMI Order #AAI3122901 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - choice
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - classroom
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Demography
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty,Nursing
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NCLEX Examination
KW  - New Graduates
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Observation
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Responses
KW  - Self Report
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 146
N2  - The primary purpose of this study was to examine nurse graduates' perception of teaching methodologies or techniques that contributed to their critical thinking abilities in order for the graduate nurse to successfully master the National Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN)., Three questions were identified for research purposes that investigated nurse graduates' conceptualization of critical thinking and the perceptions of classroom strategies that fostered their critical thinking. They are: (1) Which educational technique(s) best prepared the new nursing graduate for critical thinking in practice as a registered nurse? (2) What is the new nursing graduates' perception of critical thinking and is there a difference in perception of an ADN and BSN graduates' response? and (3) Do new nursing graduates' perceptions of critical thinking reflect those of nurse educator's in the Gordon (1995) study?, Two hundred questionnaires identifying the demographic and self-reporting information along with a critical thinking survey was delivered to 10 area hospitals. An analysis of the 90 returned questionnaires for a response rate of 45% revealed the following: Research question (1) reported that lecture, case studies, reading and multiple choice questions were ranked highest as teaching techniques that best prepared the new graduate for practice. Research question (2) revealed that the new graduates correctly identified the 19 attributes of critical thinkers, and that ADN graduates agreed with the BSN graduates in all areas but with a slight difference in that they agreed more strongly in one area, "diligently seeks relevant information." Research question (3) compared new graduates' perceptions with perceptions of nurse educators and the basic analysis revealed that in 9 of 14 areas, the responses of the new graduates were significantly different from that of the educators., Recommendations for further study would be that future research is indicated to include direct observations and reporting of ADN and BSN nurse graduates in a qualitative study to determine if differences in critical thinking attributes exist. Another recommendation is that more qualitative studies be conducted to examine how the lecture format reflects critical thinking in the classroom and what new nurse graduates perceive as contributing to their critical thinking abilities
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 186
T1  - Appraising and incorporating qualitative research in evidence-based practice
A1  - Henderson,R.
A1  - Rheault,W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005073702 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, Dept of Physical Therapy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064; roberta.henderson@rosalindfranklin.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2004 Winter; 18(3): 35-40. (26 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Questionnaire/Scale, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Qualitative Studies
KW  - *Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - External Validity
KW  - health
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physical Therapist Attitudes
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - representation
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Scales
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Physical Therapy
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Transferability
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
EP  - 40
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2004 Winter; 18(3): 35-40.(26 ref)
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - Background and Purpose. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is widely acknowledged to be critical in the clinical practice of physical therapy. Clinicians must be able to evaluate and synthesize all available evidence to make sound clinical decisions. Current EBP theory provides specific criteria to evaluate quantitative research; how-ever, this current theory lacks provisions for consideration and inclusion of qualitative research. Incorporating qualitative research in EBP is important as quantitative and qualitative perspectives have unique contributions to under-standing phenomena in rehabilitation and informing physical therapy practice. There is no methodology commonly available or used to include qualitative research in EBP. The purposes of this research are to: 1) review the theoretical basis and methods of EBP, 2) argue the case for including qualitative research in EBP, 3) intro-duce Decision Rules for including qualitative research in EBP, 4) introduce an appraisal instrument to evaluate the methodological rigor of qualitative research papers, and 5) present an example of clinical use of this methodology. Method/Model Description and Evaluation. To address this issue, we developed an instrument, suggested by Guba's Model of Trustworthiness of Qualitative Research, to evaluate the methodological rigor of qualitative papers; we expanded Sackett's Rules of Evidence Model to provide for representation of qualitative studies; and physical therapy students used the instrument and the expanded model in clinical decision making. Outcomes. Students and physical therapists found the appraisal instrument and the methodology straight forward, simple to use, and helpful in clinical decision making. Discussion and Conclusion. Opportunities are virtually unlimited in rehabilitation to describe and interpret phenomena with qualitative research designs. Qualitative evidence deserves consideration and inclusion in EBP. The Decision Rule methodology and the appraisal instrument presented in this paper provide a means to appraise and incorporate qualitative research in EBP
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 187
T1  - Curriculum and instruction for nursing preceptors: Correlation with critical thinking disposition traits
A1  - Hennessy,C.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005060085 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Marquette University) **1999; Ph.D. 103 p DD - UMI Order #AAI9929160 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Preceptorship
KW  - *Staff Nurses/ed [Education]
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - classroom
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - Employee Orientation
KW  - English
KW  - Entry Into Practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Expert Nurses
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - New Graduate Nurses
KW  - New Graduates
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 103
N2  - The problem addressed in this study was the lack of a research based approach to the clinical orientation of new graduate nurses in acute care settings. The need for nurses to think critically in order to make accurate clinical judgments is well documented. How knowledge of critical thinking applies to clinical orientation had not been examined. New graduate nurses are not readily able to transfer knowledge learned in the classroom to clinical practice. Preceptors are often used to provide the clinical orientation of the new graduate nurse. The purpose of this study was to determine the criteria used to Select nursing preceptors and to identify the existing curricula and instructional method is used to teach nursing preceptors in the hospital setting, with the intent to determine correlation with the disposition to critical thinking traits., The findings indicated only one statistically significant correlation (p<.01.), between preference for the selection of a preceptor based on education or expepence and preference for a critical thinking disposition trait in selecting a preceptor. Nurses who prefer preceptors with three to five years of experience also ranked as very important the preceptor being tolerant of making decisions under conditions of uncertainty. No correlation was able to be determined between proportion of curricular time and instructional methods with critical thinking disposition traits because of the lack of existence of a true preceptor curriculum and instruction to any sizeable extent., The lack of emphasis placed on teaching preceptors to question new graduates perceptions of a patient situation was identified. Respondents did not appear to value learner's perceptions. Understanding the new graduate's perception of a patient situation is critical to ding the new graduate's perception of a patient situation is critical to developing clinical judgment and the correct patterning of information that leads to the development of experts in nursing
SN  - 978-0-599-28992-5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 188
T1  - Reading and not reading in professional practice
A1  - Horder,W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005012426 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Lecturer, Social Work, Goldsmiths College, University of London, SE14 6NW; whorder@gold.ac.uk AS - QUAL SOC WORK. 2004 Sep; 3(3): 297-311. (58 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Career
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Culture
KW  - Drawing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - History
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - media
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Personal Growth
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Practice
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
EP  - 311
JF  - Qualitative Social Work.2004 Sep; 3(3): 297-311.(58 ref)
J1  - Qualitative Social Work
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
N2  - This article explores the use of reading and why it may be difficult to read in professional practice. The article uses narrative and autobiographical methodology, drawing on personal journals as a source of evidence. It presents a critical career review which outlines the author's own reading history and illustrates some barriers and obstacles in reading for social work. Drawing on media theory and the literature of health and social care, the article considers the process of reading and the relationship between readers and texts, reviewing problems arising in reading for professional practice and skills required. It suggests that a strong oral culture exists in practice settings in the UK and that this partly explains the undeveloped reading culture. Difficulties for practitioners in knowing what to read and in accessing texts are also highlighted. The growth of electronic media offers opportunities to overcome these problems but requires skills which appear to be relatively undeveloped
SN  - 1473-3250
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 189
T1  - Evaluation of methodological search filters -- a review
A1  - Jenkins,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005063165 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Information and Communications, Manchester Metropolitan University; michellemmu@yahoo.co.uk AS - HEALTH INF LIBR J. 2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63. (51 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Computerized Literature Searching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Information Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Communication
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Health
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - form
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Systematic Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Validity
KW  - Vocabulary,Controlled
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 148
EP  - 163
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were: to provide an overview of approaches to methodological search filter development; to identify and critically review the stages of methodological search filter development; to devise a search filter appraisal checklist based on the review. METHODS: An iterative approach to searching was employed utilizing health and library databases, the world wide web and citation searching. Further systematic methods included hand searching of key journals in the field of search filter development, contacting known experts in the field and scanning reference lists of relevant papers to identify additional studies. Altogether, 51 potentially relevant papers were found, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Four stages of search filter development were identified from the literature (search term selection, identification of a gold standard, evaluation and validation). Variations in the methods used to approach these four stages were identified, most importantly in the extent to which search filters are tested and validated. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the process and limitations involved in search filter development is essential to make an informed decision on the applicability and validity of search filters. The findings of this review indicate a considerable agenda for future research, in particular, to improve the quality of reporting of search filters and to inform users on their use and application. Based on the review, guidance in the appraisal process of search filters is given in the form of a checklist
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 190
T1  - Critical appraisal -- is there a need to train medical students how to read the literature?... reprinted from MJM, The Medical Journal of Malaysia, the Official Journal of the Malaysian Medical Association, Volume 57, Supplement E
A1  - Karina,R.
A1  - Nooriah,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005022981 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Dept of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur AS - NEONAT INTENSIVE CARE. 2004 Nov-Dec; 17(7): 29-31. (6 ref) SB - Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Research,Medical
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Malaysia
KW  - Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Preventive Medicine
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 31
JF  - Neonatal Intensive Care.2004 Nov-Dec; 17(7): 29-31.(6 ref)
J1  - Neonatal Intensive Care
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
SN  - 1062-2454
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 191
T1  - An integrated evidence-based medicine curriculum in Physician Assistant training: from undergraduate to postgraduate
A1  - Keahey,D.
A1  - Goldgar,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005119033 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Director of Gratuate Studies, Utah Physician Assistant Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; dkeahey@upap.utah.edu AS - PERSPECT PHYSICIAN ASSIST EDUC. 2004; 15(2): 91-8. (16 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Education,Physician Assistants
KW  - *Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - City
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Masters
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Utah
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 91
EP  - 98
JF  - Perspective on Physician Assistant Education.2004; 15(2): 91-8.(16 ref)
J1  - Perspective on Physician Assistant Education
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
N2  - Physician assistant educators must equip their students with the skills to competently practice medicine not only today but also in the future. Our graduates are faced with an overwhelming array of new information and it is imperative that they be competent in managing and using this evidence to improve the health of their patients. Future PAs must have the ability to construct answerable clinical questions, develop effective searches of the literature for evidence, appraise the evidence, and ultimately apply it to patients. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) provides the framework and skill set that enables PAs to efficiently become lifelong learners and critical thinkers. This article is an overview of the University of Utah Physician Assistant Program's (UPAP) EBM curriculum that is focused on clinical relevance and utility. It also outlines how programs can adapt for themselves UPAP's EBM curriculum to satisfy graduate-level educational requirements, as the master's degree becomes the standard for PA education
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 192
T1  - Association between collaboration and bioterrorism preparedness in Montana: A local rural public health agency perspective
A1  - Kuntz,S.W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005073293 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Walden University) **2004; Ph.D. 225 p DD - UMI Order #AAI3126263 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Collaboration/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Disaster Planning
KW  - *Terrorism/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communication
KW  - Disease Surveillance
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Montana
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - Predictor Variable
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Regression
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Risk
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workforce/ed [Education]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 225
N2  - This study investigated the relationship between intersectoral collaboration and level of emergency preparedness among local public health agencies (counties and tribes) in Montana. The Montana Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Capacity Assessment instrument created a critical capacities baseline and documented the current status of local agency activity in six specific focus areas: (a) preparedness planning and readiness assessment, (b) surveillance and epidemiology capacity, (c) laboratory capacity, (d) communications and information technology, (e) risk communication, and (f) workforce education and training., A research crosswalk linked Capacity Assessment items to predictor variables (indicators of collaboration) and the response variable (preparedness). The Emergency Preparedness Index (EPI) scoring matrix was developed to generate a continuous measure of preparedness. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate how well six nominal and continuous indicators of collaboration in four categories (communication, linkages, stage of partnership, and education/training) predicted preparedness., Results supported the premise that process-related collaboration factors are significant predictors of public health emergency preparedness. A positive linear relationship between the response variable (preparedness) and each of the six predictor (collaboration indicator) models was found. This research highlighted the critical value of specific partnership activities (collaboration-related education/training, development of formal agreements, key partner linkages, and electronic as well as direct communication among system partners) necessary for protecting the public's health during a disaster
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 193
T1  - A study of the relationships among student nurse epistemology, critical thinking, and clinical decision-making
A1  - Labasky,S.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005100108 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (The University of Utah) **2004; Ph.D. 147 p DD - UMI Order #AAI3133129 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - *Epistemology
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - question
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Utah
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
N2  - This research was a mixed methods study that examined the nature of the relationships among student nurse epistemology, critical thinking, and clinical decision making. This research used the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal tool to identify students with varying levels of critical thinking abilities and the Epistemic Belief Inventory to identify students with varying levels of epistemic reasoning. A case study method was used to explore how student nurse epistemologies (beliefs about knowledge) influence their critical thinking and clinical decision making., The results of the study revealed that student nurses with absolutist epistemologies and high levels of critical epistemologies compartmentalize their thinking. In addition, compartmentalization leads to emotional exhaustion and ritualized clinical decision making., Another finding of this research was that student nurse critical thinking and personal epistemologies are heavily dependent on context. This study disputes the developmental notion of global and sequential epistemic advances. In addition, this research calls into question the use of a single quantitative measure of competent clinical decision making
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 194
T1  - EMS journal clubs: peer-to-peer teaching and EMS research
A1  - McGuire,T.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005060671 AS - DOMAIN3. 2003 Spring; 3, 6-7 SB - Allied Health Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medical Services
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Research
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Emergency Medical Technicians
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Research
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3, 6
EP  - 3, 7
JF  - Domain3.2003 Spring; 3, 6-7.
J1  - Domain3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 195
T1  - Hospital nurses: no time to read on duty
A1  - McKnight,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005082126 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Director, Health Sciences Library, Norman Regional Hospital, 901 North Potter, PO Box 1308, Norman, OK 73071-1308; mcknight@unt.edu AS - J ELECTRONIC RESOUR MED LIBR. 2004; 1(3): 13-23. (28 ref) SB - Computer/Information Science Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care Nursing
KW  - *Information Seeking Behavior
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computer
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Databases,Health/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Employee
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Internet/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries,Hospital
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Literature
KW  - Model
KW  - Nonexperimental Studies
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Process
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Participant Observation
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Work
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 13
EP  - 23
JF  - Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries.2004; 1(3): 13-23.(28 ref)
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - A recent observational study of a group of on-duty critical care nurses found that they do not have time to read knowledgebased information from any source, electronic or hard copy. They work (usually multi-tasking) in an intense, patient-centric information ecology. Although they are the largest group of hospital employees, they often cannot use hospital library services that are based on an academic library model rather than a corporate library model. Even though they are computer literate, they will ask questions of people rather than stop caring for the patient to read literature. There is little time on duty, especially with increasing patient loads, to practice the nursing process as taught in nursing schools and no time to pursue Evidence-Based Practice research. Librarians must not assume that making documents available online to working nurses means that the nurses can use the information the documents contain. Document retrieval and document reading are two different activities, both of which take time. Hospital libraries should offer on-duty nurses on-call or in-context ready reference service that includes document selection, filtering, and even highlighting of important passages in the documents delivered
SN  - 1542-4065
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 196
T1  - Evidence-based practice. Rapid critical appraisal of randomized controlled trials (RCTs): an essential skill for evidence-based practice (EBP)
A1  - Melnyk,B.M.
A1  - Fineout-Overholt,E.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005068829 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Dean, Arizona State University College of Nursing, Tempe, AZ AS - PEDIATR NURS. 2005 Jan-Feb; 31(1): 50-2. (3 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Questionnaire/Scale, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Trials/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pediatric Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 52
JF  - Pediatric Nursing.2005 Jan-Feb; 31(1): 50-2.(3 ref)
J1  - Pediatric Nursing
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SN  - 0097-9805
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 197
T1  - African-American baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of nursing programs and factors that support or restrict academic success
A1  - Mills Wisneski,S.M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005027326 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Widener University School of Nursing) **2003; D.N.Sc. 173 p DD - UMI Order #AAI3083001 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Blacks
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Student Attitudes
KW  - *Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - academic success
KW  - Affect
KW  - African American
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - classroom
KW  - Coefficient Alpha
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Factor
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Inferential Statistics
KW  - Insight
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Models,Theoretical
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Perception
KW  - Population
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Regression
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Scales
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 173
N2  - The nursing literature is limited in reporting African-American nursing students' perceptions of nursing programs and factors that are viewed as supportive of or restrictive to academic success in this selected population. Bean and Metzner's (1985) conceptual model of Nontraditional Student Attrition proposed that there are four sets of variables that have a direct affect on whether nontraditional students will persist in their educational endeavors: (1) background and defining variables, (2) academic variables, (3) environmental variables, and (4) psychological outcomes. The National agenda to increase workforce diversity and leadership succession is critical to improving access for a culturally diverse society., The purposes of this study were to test specific hypotheses based on Bean and Metzner's (1985) model of Nontraditional Undergraduate Student Attrition in junior African-American baccalaureate nursing students and to describe the study participants' perceptions of their nursing programs as well as factors that supported or restricted their academic success. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from a sample (N = 152) of self-identified African-American (black, non-Hispanic) junior baccalaureate nursing students, enrolled in generic NLNAC accredited baccalaureate nursing programs (BSN). Three instruments, the Minority Students' Perceptions of their Educational Programs (MSPEP), the Student Perception Appraisal (SPA), and the Desirability for Control scale (DC), and a researcher designed demographic data sheet were used. Alpha coefficients ranged from .66 to .84., Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods; ANOVA to determine whether the variables were statistically significantly different by schools, along with simple and multiple regressions. Perception (R = .50; p = .001) significantly explained 25% of the variance in the composite of academic variables. Seven academic and five environmental factors were identified as "greatly" to "moderately" supportive of the students' academic success. Four environmental factors were identified as "moderately" restricting academic success. Study participants provided written comments concerning the lack of minority faculty in the classroom and clinical areas., Although the selected variables from the model were testable, there were few significant relationships found among the variables in this study. The findings provided insight into those academic and environmental variables that junior African American BSN students identified as "greatly" and "moderately" supported and restricted their academic success. The findings from this study indicated the following conclusions: age is not significant and there is a need for minority faculty to provide students with role models and mentors. The findings have implications for the workforce, the delivery of culturally competent care, and nursing education diversity
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 198
T1  - Reviewing the case for critical appraisal skills training
A1  - Mulhall,A.
A1  - le,May A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005084673 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - The Coach House, Rectory Road, Ashmanhaugh, Norfolk NR12 8YP, UK; aclm@soton.ac.uk AS - CLIN EFFECT NURS. 2004 Jun; 8(2): 101-10. (31 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Outcomes of Education/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Skill Acquisition
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Research
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Interview
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mail
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 101
EP  - 110
JF  - Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing.2004 Jun; 8(2): 101-10.(31 ref)
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - Introduction:, To review the evolution of critical appraisal skills training alongside the results from a long-term evaluation of a series of research utilisation workshops., Critical appraisal skills training and evidence based health care:, The evolution of critical appraisal skills (CAS) training across health care professions is described, showing the centrality of this to evidence based health care and thus clinical effectiveness. The evidence for the effectiveness of CAS training is reviewed., The long-term evaluation of the Foundation of Nursing Studies' workshops:, A postal questionnaire and qualitative interview study of participants and managers were used to evaluate the workshops. These findings were then contextualised through a consultation exercise with senior nurses, practice developers and nurse educators in health care trusts and academic units across the UK., Discussion:, The effectiveness of CAS training, its focus and structure is revisited with reference to the literature and the long-term evaluation. Questions concerning the way forward are proposed
SN  - 1361-9004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 199
T1  - McKResearchReview: the online spine journal club
A1  - Murray-Miller,H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005037289 IN - Lennox Physical Therapy Associates, 501 Iron Bridge Road, Suite 7 Freehold, NJ 07728 AS - PHYS THER REV. 2000 Dec; 5(4): 193 SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Website LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Iron
KW  - journal
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 193
JF  - Physical Therapy Reviews.2000 Dec; 5(4): 193.
J1  - Physical Therapy Reviews
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
SN  - 1083-3196
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 200
T1  - Evidence-based practice and clinical decision making: it's not just the research course anymore
A1  - Portney,L.G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005073714 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Professor, Graduate Programs in Physical Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown Navy Yard, 36 1st Ave, Boston, MA 02129; lportney@mghihp.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2004 Winter; 18(3): 46-51. (53 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Cats
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - complexity
KW  - Concepts
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnosis/mt [Methods]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Clinical
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - inquiry
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physical Therapy/mt [Methods]
KW  - practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research,Physical Therapy/ed [Education]
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Performance Appraisal
KW  - Students
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - understanding
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 51
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2004 Winter; 18(3): 46-51.(53 ref)
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - Background and Purpose. Educators recognize the need to develop effective strategies for teaching evidence-based practice (EBP) skills, with the ultimate goal of fostering this approach in clinical care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between EBP and clinical decision making and to describe several curricular strategies for incorporating EBP in professional education. Understanding that physical therapists make patient care decisions under conditions of uncertainty and complexity, the search for research evidence provides one source of information that can be used in the decision-making process, but must be integrated with clinical judgment and specific patient needs. Educating students in EBP requires that we frame learning activities to support a balance between evidence and clinical judgment. Model Description and Evaluation. The traditional research course has typically addressed statistics and design, with a focus on critical interpretation of literature. To generate a valuing of EBP, however, the process must become a standard part of clinical decision making across the professional curriculum, potentially allowing for introduction of EBP concepts in a research-based course. Learning activities should reinforce EBP skills in asking clinical questions, accessing relevant literature, and interpreting the literature to support patient care decisions. Curriculum strategies may include seminars that require students to find literature to support decisions related to patient cases, online threaded discussions that allow students to share their decision-making processes, case conferences in a clinical setting to apply EBP skills to real patients, incorporation of EBP requirements for practical examinations, and writing critically appraised topics (CATs) that require critical analysis of literature. To be effective, activities should reflect the spectrum of EBP, including diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention, should be integrated through research and clinical courses, and should be modeled in the clinical setting to demonstrate the application of evidence in the real world of practice. Discussion and Conclusion. Many barriers to practicing and teaching EBP have been identified. Faculty must face the challenge of teaching EBP by fostering a spirit of inquiry and role modeling the process. We must continue to share ideas for teaching EBP and evaluate these methods for their immediate and long-term effectiveness in changing students' clinical behaviors
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 201
T1  - International perspectives. Dissemination of nursing knowledge: the application of the model of change
A1  - Rassool,G.H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005113246 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Professor of Addiction & Mental Health, Department of Psychiatric Nursing & Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil AS - J ADDICT NURS. 2005; 16(1-2): 79-82. (24 ref) SB - Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Change Theory
KW  - *Models,Psychological
KW  - *Nursing Knowledge
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - academia
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 82
JF  - Journal of Addictions Nursing.2005; 16(1-2): 79-82.(24 ref)
J1  - Journal of Addictions Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 1-2
N2  - Despite the dramatic growth of nursing research and the development of nursing theory over the last 25 years, concern remains that nurses frequently fail to base their practice on the findings and recommendations of research. It is through research conducted by nurses that new knowledge can be obtained in order to implement good quality care in clinical practice. However, even when new knowledge is gained, its dissemination remains low. Several barriers to the dissemination of nursing knowledge in clinical practice have been identified. These include: lack of awareness of nursing research, lack of knowledge of the research process and the inability to understand research reports. These factors may contribute to negative attitudes among nurses regarding the use of nursing research in their clinical practice. However, research must filter down from academia to practicing nurses at all levels but it cannot make practicing nurses use research. One of the main priorities in the dissemination of nursing knowledge in clinical practice is to make research findings more 'user friendly.' The use of a clinical nurse specialist or research nurse (that is a nurse with a defined role within research), combined with an action research approach, could increase the utilization of research findings in clinical nursing. The use of Journal club, research seminars, research workshops and nursing conferences are some of the enabling process in order to increase the dissemination of knowledge. The use of the model of change would enable us to understand whether nurses have the readiness to change and implement new nursing knowledge in to practice
SN  - 1088-4602
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 202
T1  - The evolution of a physical therapy research curriculum: integrating evidence-based practice and clinical decision making
A1  - Ross,E.C.
A1  - Anderson,E.Z.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005073717 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Professor, Dept of Developmental and Rehabilitative Sciences, School of Health Related Professions, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 65 Bergen St, Newark, NJ 07107; rossec@umdnj.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2004 Winter; 18(3): 52-7. (19 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Doctoral
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research,Physical Therapy/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 52
EP  - 57
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2004 Winter; 18(3): 52-7.(19 ref)
J1  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - Background and Purpose. The increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice in health care, along with physical therapy's evolution toward a doctoring profession, has stimulated the need for changes in the teaching of research to professional physical therapy students. Physical therapist educators are now faced with the challenge of incorporating the additional content of evidence-based practice (EBP) into the curriculum, integrating it with content on research design and statistics, and impressing upon students the relevance of research evidence to clinical decision making. Method/Model Description and Evaluation. In this paper, we describe a course series on evidence-based practice that we developed when our professional physical therapist education program switched from a master's degree program to a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program. We provide an overview of the series and an in-depth description of the first course in the series, which combines research design, EBP, and clinical decision making. In this course, a case scenario serves as a catalyst to stimulate learning on how to find, understand, critically assess, and apply research literature. The research design categories, measurement issues, and approaches to critically appraising the literature are drawn from both the "traditional" physical therapy research curriculum and EBP. In this paper, we explore the similarities and differences between these two perspectives (traditional and EBP), as well as our approach to reconciling these differences and combining the content from both. Outcomes. The outcomes to this curricular reorganisation have been the following greater efficiency in our curriculum, increased student appreciation of the link between research literature and clinical decision making, and student dissemination of EBP to the wider physical therapy community in our state. Discussion and Conclusion. We believe this model may be useful to other professional physical therapist education programs in the process of revising their research curricula
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 203
T1  - The relationship between general critical thinking ability and student performance
A1  - Shelledy,D.C.
A1  - Gardner,D.D.
A1  - Carpenter,M.E.
A1  - Murphy,D.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005061825 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Dean, College of Health Related Professions and Professor, Department of Respiratory and Surgical Technologies, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 Markham, Mail Slot 619, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199 AS - RESPIR CARE EDUC ANNU. 2004 Fall; 1323-8. (22 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Students,Respiratory Therapy
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement Tests
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Correlational Studies
KW  - Credentialing Examinations
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - grades
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Mail
KW  - Outcomes of Education/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Record Review
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Performance Appraisal
KW  - Students
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
JF  - Respiratory Care Education Annual.2004 Fall; 13 23-8.(22 ref)
J1  - Respiratory Care Education Annual
VL  - 13
IS  - 22 ref
N2  - PURPOSE: We compared general critical thinking ability (CTA) to performance on a clinical simulation problem (CSP), course and clinical grades and performance on a NBRC self-assessment examination (CRT-SAE) given prior to graduation. METHOD: Thirty-six first-year students from two area schools were tested using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Grades were collected and an NBRC CRT SAE administered. CTA was compared to CSP scores, respiratory care course grade point average (R-GPA), clinical course GPA (C-GPA), and CRT-SAE scores using the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient. A significant correlation (p<0.05) would indicate a relationship between CTA and these variables. RESULTS: There were moderate, but significant positive correlations between CTA and R-GPA (r=0.47; p=0.004); C-GPA (r=0.35; p=0.03); CRT SAE scores (r=0.51; p=0.001); and CSP information gathering (IG) (r=0.54; p=0.001). There was no relationship between CTA and CSP decision making (DM) (r=0.11; p=0.54). R -GPA and C-GPA correlated with the CRT SAE (r=0.65; p<0.001 and r=0.58; p<0.001, respectively), but had no relationship to CSP scores (p>0.05). There also was no relationship between the CRT SAE and CSP scores (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CTA correlated with student performance as assessed by GPA, CRT SAE and performance on the IG portion of a CSP. There was no relationship between CTA and CSP DM. General critical thinking ability may be useful in predicting student performance in a respiratory care program
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 204
T1  - Development of an instrument for the assessment of students' critical thinking and problem solving ability
A1  - Shelledy,D.C.
A1  - Gardner,D.D.
A1  - Wettstein,R.B.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005061824 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Dean, College of Health Related Professions and Professor, Department of Respiratory and Surgical Technologies, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 Markham, Mail Slot 619, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199 AS - RESPIR CARE EDUC ANNU. 2004 Fall; 1315-22. (20 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Education,Respiratory Therapy
KW  - *Instrument Construction
KW  - *Instrument Validation
KW  - *Problem Solving/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Coefficient Alpha
KW  - College
KW  - Concurrent Validity
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - Credentialing Examinations
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - journal
KW  - Mail
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Respiratory Therapy
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
EP  - 22
JF  - Respiratory Care Education Annual.2004 Fall; 13 15-22.(20 ref)
VL  - 13
IS  - 20 ref
N2  - PURPOSE: To develop and pilot-test an instrument to assess students' critical thinking and problem solving ability (CTPS). CTPS scores were compared to the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCT) and the information gathering (IG) and decision making (DM) total scores on four NBRC self-assessment clinical simulation problems. METHOD: A 21-item instrument was assembled, reviewed by a panel of experts, revised and pilot tested for reliability. Scores on the items are summed to generate a total CTPS score. Twenty students were evaluated using the CTPS by two faculty members familiar with the students. The faculty were blinded to the students' WG, IG and DM scores. Interrater unable to locate this word reliability coefficients and Cronbach's alpha were calculated and Pearson product-moment correlations were perfumed to compare CTPS scores and WGCT, IG and DM., RESULTS: Interrater reliability for the CTPS was r=0.66 (n=20; p=0.002). Cronbach's alpha was .95 and .99 for the two faculty raters, respectively. There were significant correlations between CTPS scores and WGCT (r=0.54; p=0.02), IG (r=0.51; p=0.03), and DM (r=0.47; p=0.04). There were also significant correlations between WGCT and IG (r=0.49; p 0.04) and DM (r=0.74; p=0.0003)., CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the CTPS instrument. Faculty ratings of CTPS correlated significantly with general critical thinking ability and the combined scores for IG and DM on the NBRC clinical simulation problems
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 205
T1  - Teaching evidence-based practice in physical therapy: critical competencies and necessary conditions
A1  - Slavin,M.D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005073697 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Director of Education and Dissemination, Health and Disability Research Institute, Boston University, 53 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215; mslavin@bu.edu AS - J PHYS THER EDUC. 2004 Winter; 18(3): 4-11. (47 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Physical Therapy
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - Academic Performance
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Education
KW  - competency
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Clinical
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students,Physical Therapy
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 11
JF  - Journal of Physical Therapy Education.2004 Winter; 18(3): 4-11.(47 ref)
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - Background and Purpose. Over the last sever-al years, physical therapist educators have incorporated evidence-based practice into curricula and courses. At this juncture, we can move toward a shared vision for teaching evidence-based practice by delineating evidence-based practice competencies and sharing strategies for teaching and assessing these competencies. Position and Rationale. Evidence-based practice competencies involve skills in the following five domains: asking a focused clinical question, conducting literature searches, critically appraising literature, applying evidence, and evaluating the process. Teaching evidence-based practice also requires a program structure that allows for integration of content across academic courses and clinical education. Important learner attitudes include a tolerance for ambiguity and commitment of life-long learning. Discussion and Conclusion. To improve evidence-based practice teaching we need to examine the effects of teaching methods and curricular design on student knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior. We also need to assess the impact of evidence-based practice on patient outcomes
SN  - 0899-1855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 206
T1  - Report on the development, implementation, and evaluation of an evidence-based skills course: a lesson in incremental curricular change
A1  - Smith,M.
A1  - Long,C.
A1  - Henderson,C.
A1  - Marchiori,D.
A1  - Hawk,C.
A1  - Meeker,W.
A1  - Killinger,L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005038333 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Palmer Center for Chiropractic Research, 741 Brady Street, Davenport, IA 52803 AS - J CHIROPRACT EDUC. 2004 Fall; 18(2): 116-26. (34 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Questionnaire/Scale, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Education,Chiropractic
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Students,Chiropractic
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Performance
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Skill Acquisition
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Surveys
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Time
KW  - trends
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 116
EP  - 126
JF  - Journal of Chiropractic Education.2004 Fall; 18(2): 116-26.(34 ref)
J1  - Journal of Chiropractic Education
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - Purpose: This article reports on the design and implementation of one innovative curricular strategy for creating competent, evidence-based chiropractic health care practitioners. Methods: Didactic, experiential, and Socratic methods were used to teach literature retrieval, critical appraisal, and critical thinking skills to students at a U.S. chiropractic college. In addition to course and faculty evaluations, a survey gathered pre- and postcourse data on students' attitudes, perceived abilities, and knowledge and skills. Results: Most course and instructor evaluation measures demonstrated a positive trend over six terms. General descriptive comparisons of pre- and postsurvey data indicate some improvements in students' perceived abilities and skills to search for, retrieve, and critically evaluate the literature. Conclusions: Trends of evaluation results over time, rather than single course evaluations, are particularly useful when considering innovative curricular changes, as are pre-and postmeasurement of student performance
SN  - 1042-5055
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 207
T1  - An investigation of the barriers and facilitators of research utilization among a sample of registered nurses
A1  - Sommer,S.K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005057868 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Loyola University of Chicago) **2003; Ph.D. 136 p DD - UMI Order #AAI3101651 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Nurse Attitudes
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital
KW  - *Registered Nurses
KW  - *Research/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Education
KW  - Employment
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - form
KW  - Gender
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - inquiry
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Literature
KW  - meetings
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Nursing Role
KW  - Nursing Units
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scales
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 136
N2  - The overall purpose of the study was to investigate barriers and facilitators to research utilization among a sample of registered nurses. The Barriers Scale, as well as a Demographic Information Form were distributed to a sample of registered nurses employed in in-patient departments at the medical center targeted for systematic study. The following research questions were addressed: (1) What do registered nurses perceive as barriers to research utilization? (2) What do registered nurses perceive as facilitators to research utilization?, The independent variables included sets of nurse characteristic categories (age; gender; ethnicity; education; years licensed as a registered nurse; nursing unit of employment; primary nursing role; hours worked per week; and level on the clinical ladder). The Barriers Scale was used as the dependent measure., Organizational barriers were perceived to be the greatest barrier by the majority of the participants. Respondents reported having insufficient time on the job to implement new ideas and to read research articles. Participants also reported feeling that they did not have enough authority to change patient care procedures. Barriers related to the presentation and accessibility of evidence-based research findings were also reported by the participants to be a serious problem. Respondents viewed themselves as having: a limited knowledge base related to disciplined methods of inquiry and quantitative and qualitative analyses. A lack of confidence related to reading and critically evaluating research articles and considerable difficulty related to connecting research findings to their clinical practices., The provision of administrative support was identified as the best way to facilitate research utilization. Clinical ladder programs were perceived as a way to promote professional advancement to encourage contributions to the research literature and greater utilization of evidence-based research findings., Participants perceived "research knowledge" as a facilitator to research utilization. Respondents recommended that the nurses' research knowledge could be facilitated through: the inclusion of research-related discussions at unit meetings; the provision of evidence-based nursing journals within the nursing units; the provision of in-service programs; the encouragement of contributions to evidence-based research literature; and individual memberships and professional contributions to nursing organizations
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 208
T1  - Using research in practice: a research information service for social care practitioners
A1  - Stevens,M.
A1  - Liabo,K.
A1  - Frost,S.
A1  - Roberts,H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005065861 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Officer, Child Health Research and Policy Unit, Institute of Health Sciences, City University, 24 Chiswell Street, London EC1Y 4TY,UK; m.stevens@city.ac.uk AS - CHILD FAM SOC WORK. 2005 Feb; 10(1): 67-75. (30 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Pediatric Care/td [Trends]
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Social Work/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Social Work Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - City
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - health
KW  - health research
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Note
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Social Work Practice/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 67
EP  - 75
JF  - Child and Family Social Work.2005 Feb; 10(1): 67-75.(30 ref)
J1  - Child and Family Social Work
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
N2  - In recent years a variety of initiatives have been created with the aim of increasing the use of research in social care practice. This article reports findings from a one-year pilot research information service provided by the What Works for Children project. Taking note of the evidence from the research utilization literature, the service was set up to support social care practitioners in using research findings in their service-planning. An implementation officer worked with service-planners to identify areas where research could be helpful. Researchers provided responses to practitioners' questions by searching for, critically appraising and summarizing the relevant literature. This article looks at the practicalities of running such a service and discusses its potential for influencing research use. The pilot underlines the importance of some of the obstacles to using research, some of which our service was able to overcome. The gap between what practitioners want from research and what research provides is discussed
SN  - 1356-7500
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 209
T1  - Video outreach journal club
A1  - Wilson,S.F.
A1  - Collins,N.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005126591 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Macarthur Health Service, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia AS - RURAL REMOTE HEALTH. 2005 Apr-Jun; 5(2): 4p. (3 ref) SB - Australia & New Zealand Journals. Biomedical Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Teleconferencing
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Average
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - cochrane systematic review
KW  - connect
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Probability
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Retrospective Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Rural Areas
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4p
JF  - Rural and Remote Health.2005 Apr-Jun; 5(2): 4p.(3 ref)
J1  - Rural and Remote Health
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
N2  - Introduction: A video outreach journal club was established in 2003. This connected members of a multidisciplinary team at a metropolitan hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and a smaller rural hospital for the purpose of reviewing evidence-based literature. The success of this video outreach journal club was explored through a number of process and outcome indicators. Method: The video journal club output was retrospectively audited by the authors for the period January to September 2004. The items of interest were activity, attendance, type of journals reviewed, and their relationship to change in practice. Results: There were 20 video outreach journal clubs conducted in the 9 month study period which was an average of 2.2 sessions per month. The mean total attendance was 7.9 (SD 2.1) people per session of which 2.0 (SD 0.7) per session were at the remote site. Twenty-two papers were reviewed and these consisted of 18 medical journals, one Cochrane systematic review, and 3 allied health journals. Recorded recommendations appeared in 16 of the 22 review forms. There were four recommendations with a high probability of influence on practice. Four had documented evidence related to improvement or change in practice. Features introduced to the journal club as a result of the video link included: fax, email or internet link to remote participants prior to sessions; modification of the chairman's skills to encourage dialogue with the distant site; standardised literature review forms and a roster made available to the distant site; the journal club was included in the department's procedure manual, developed to standardise the sessions and designate responsibilities. Conclusion: A video outreach journal club has been adapted to connect a central and a remote site. The remote site had not previously conducted a journal club. The introduction required minor changes in an existing journal club format. The influence of journal club activity on education and change in practice is difficult to quantify. This audit has identified a link between the video outreach journal club and patient care in over one-third of the papers reviewed (8 of 22). This supports the view that reading evidence-based literature can change practice. There is a role for video conferencing to be used in supporting practitioners in isolated rural centres
SN  - 1445-6354
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 210
T1  - In our unit. Cultivating a research milieu: journal clubs in the pediatric intensive care unit
A1  - Pasek,T.
A1  - Zack,J.
Y1  - 1995///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2005034162 IN - PICU, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; Tracy.Pasek@chp.edu AS - CRIT CARE NURSE. 2004 Dec; 24(6): 96, 95 SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Pediatric Critical Care Nursing
KW  - Advanced Practice Nurses
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Intensive Care Units,Pediatric
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - Research
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 96
JF  - Critical Care Nurse.2004 Dec; 24(6): 96, 95.
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
SN  - 0279-5442
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 211
T1  - Research online journal club
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009368318 AS - BREATHLINE. 2006 Nov-Dec; 26(6): 15 SB - Nursing Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Brief Item LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/ev [Evaluation]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
JF  - Breathline.2006 Nov-Dec; 26(6): 15.
J1  - Breathline
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 212
T1  - First AGS Journal Club
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009279234 AS - OCULAR SURG NEWS. 2006 Jul 15; Supplement: 5-7, 14-5. (5 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions LG - English
KW  - *Disease Progression/rf [Risk Factors]
KW  - *Glaucoma/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Diagnosis,Eye/mt [Methods]
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - English
KW  - Glaucoma/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Glaucoma/su [Surgery]
KW  - Intraocular Pressure
KW  - journal
KW  - Ocular Hypertension/co [Complications]
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Tomography/mt [Methods]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 7, 14
JF  - Ocular Surgery News.2006 Jul 15; Supplement: 5-7, 14-5.(5 ref)
J1  - Ocular Surgery News
IS  - 5 ref
SN  - 8750-3085
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 213
T1  - Text categorization models for high-quality article retrieval in internal medicine
A1  - Aphinyanaphongs,Y.
A1  - Tsmardinos,I.
A1  - Statnikov,A.
A1  - Hardin,D.
A1  - Aliferis,C.F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009044914 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Biomedical Informatics, 4th Floor, Eskind Biomedical Library, 2209 Garland Ave, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; ping.pong@vanderbilt.edu AS - J AM MED INFORM ASSOC. 2005 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 207-16. (35 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Computer/Information Science Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Artificial Intelligence
KW  - *Information Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internal Medicine
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Methods
KW  - Library
KW  - McNemar's Test
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Research
KW  - ROC Curve
KW  - Science
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vocabulary,Controlled
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 207
EP  - 216
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.2005 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 207-16.(35 ref)
J1  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE Finding the best scientific evidence that applies to a patient problem is becoming exceedingly difficult due to the exponential growth of medical publications. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning techniques to automatically identify high-quality, content-specific articles for one time period in internal medicine and compare their performance with previous Boolean-based PubMed clinical query filters of Haynes et al. DESIGN The selection criteria of the ACP Journal Club for articles in internal medicine were the basis for identifying high-quality articles in the areas of etiology, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Naive Bayes, a specialized AdaBoost algorithm, and linear and polynomial support vector machines were applied to identify these articles. MEASUREMENTS The machine learning models were compared in each category with each other and with the clinical query filters using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 11-point average recall precision, and a sensitivity/specificity match method. RESULTS In most categories, the data-induced models have better or comparable sensitivity, specificity, and precision than the clinical query filters. The polynomial support vector machine models perform the best among all learning methods in ranking the articles as evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve and 11-point average recall precision. CONCLUSION This research shows that, using machine learning methods, it is possible to automatically build models for retrieving high-quality, content-specific articles using inclusion or citation by the ACP Journal Club as a gold standard in a given time period in internal medicine that perform better than the 1994 PubMed clinical query filters
SN  - 1067-5027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 214
T1  - Self-directed learning readiness, critical thinking skill, and self esteem in nursing students studying through problem based learning
A1  - Arpanantikul,M.
A1  - Thanooruk,R.
A1  - Chanpuelksa,P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009138651 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, Dept of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand AS - THAI J NURS RES. 2006 Jan-Mar; 10(1): 59-72. (37 ref) SB - Asian Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Self Concept
KW  - *Self Directed Learning
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Asian
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Coefficient Alpha
KW  - Concept Mapping
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Methods
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Outcomes of Education
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Quasi-Experimental Studies
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - Scales
KW  - School
KW  - Schools,Nursing
KW  - self
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Self Esteem
KW  - Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Thailand
KW  - Thinking
KW  - trends
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vignettes
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 59
EP  - 72
JF  - Thai Journal of Nursing Research.2006 Jan-Mar; 10(1): 59-72.(37 ref)
J1  - Thai Journal of Nursing Research
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
N2  - Problem based learning (PBL) is an instructional strategy used to encourage students to develop self-directed learning and critical thinking as well as to enhance self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate self-directed learning readiness, critical thinking ability, and self-esteem in the first-year Thai nursing students studying through the PBL method. Four learning skills (PBL skill, searching skill, concept mapping skill, and skills in making learning plan) were provided to students in class at the beginning of the first nursing course, which adopted the PBL method. Before and after completing the course, students responded to four questionnaires, including personal data questionnaires, self-directed learning readiness scale, critical thinking ability questionnaires, and self-esteem scale. The findings showed that the majority of the students (98.39%) had the self-directed learning readiness scores at the high level, 88.37% of the students had the critical thinking ability scores at the moderate level, and 95.16% of the students had the self-esteem at the high level. The mean score of self-directed learning readiness was positively related to that of self-esteem at the .01 level and the mean score of critical thinking ability was positively related to that of self-esteem at the .05 level. There was no significant difference between the mean score of self-directed learning readiness and that of critical thinking ability. It concluded that the PBL approach not only focuses on a more active role for students when studying in a small group, and it also encourages students to take more responsibility for their own learning resulting in an increase of self-esteem. It is important to provide appropriate active learning methods and learning facilities in response to the future trends and challenges emphasizing student centered approach in nursing education together with supporting students to develop and maintain healthy levels of self-esteem at school in order to achieve a goal of lifelong learning
SN  - 0859-7685
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 215
T1  - Team building through an interdisciplinary journal club
A1  - Baldwin-Rodriguez,B.
A1  - Dobson,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009185139 IN - University of California Irvine Medical Center, Calif AS - CRIT CARE NURSE. 2006 Apr; 26(2): NTI Abstract Supplement: S13 SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Multidisciplinary Care Team
KW  - *Team Building
KW  - Article
KW  - Burns/th [Therapy]
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Inpatients
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - NTI
JF  - Critical Care Nurse.2006 Apr; 26(2): NTI Abstract Supplement: S13.
J1  - Critical Care Nurse
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SN  - 0279-5442
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 216
T1  - Critical appraisal
A1  - Bannigan,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009028988 AS - THER WKLY. 2005 Jun 30; 31(51): 9-12. (10 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Biomedical Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Glossary, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Allied Health/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Nomenclature
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 12
JF  - Therapy Weekly.2005 Jun 30; 31(51): 9-12.(10 ref)
J1  - Therapy Weekly
VL  - 31
IS  - 51
SN  - 0308-7808
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 217
T1  - Measures that can be used to instill critical thinking skills in nurse prescribers
A1  - Banning,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009148836 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Middlesex University, The School of Health and Social Sciences, Archway Campus, Furnival Building, 2-10 Highgate Hill, London N19 5LW, United Kingdom; M.Banning@mdx.ac.uk AS - NURSE EDUC PRACT. 2006 Mar; 6(2): 98-105. (41 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Prescriptive Authority/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Concept Mapping
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 98
EP  - 105
JF  - Nurse Education in Practice.2006 Mar; 6(2): 98-105.(41 ref)
J1  - Nurse Education in Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Critical thinking is a pervasive skill that involves scrutinizing, differentiating, and appraising information and reflecting on the information gained in order to make judgements and inform clinical decisions. Studies inform us of the need for agreement on the approaches used to teach and measure critical thinking. Nurse prescribers undertake an advanced role that encompass the need to be able to make clinically based decisions about the appropriateness of a specific medication. This requires critical thinking attributes. A variety of teaching and learning approaches are offered which can be used by nurse educators to develop critical thinking skills in nurse prescribers
SN  - 1471-5953
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 218
T1  - Critically appraised topics: observational learning in children with down syndrome and developmental delays: the effect of presentation speed in videotaped modeling
A1  - Benner,S.B.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009207663 IN - Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland AS - PEDIATR PHYS THER. 2006 Summer; 18(2): 176 SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Child Development Disorders
KW  - *Down Syndrome
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Dressing
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
JF  - Pediatric Physical Therapy.2006 Summer; 18(2): 176.
J1  - Pediatric Physical Therapy
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SN  - 0898-5669
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 219
T1  - Applying research evidence to optimize telehomecare
A1  - Bowles,K.H.
A1  - Baugh,A.C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009498864 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 420 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096; bowles@nursing.upenn.edu AS - J CARDIOVASC NURS. 2007 Jan-Feb; 22(1): 5-15. (29 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Home Health Care
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Telemedicine
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Communication
KW  - Cost
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Device
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - Home
KW  - Home Health Care/ec [Economics]
KW  - Home Nursing,Professional
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Population
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - Reimbursement
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Telemedicine/ec [Economics]
KW  - Telemedicine/es [Equipment and Supplies]
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Travel
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 15
JF  - Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2007 Jan-Feb; 22(1): 5-15.(29 ref)
J1  - Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Telemedicine is the use of technology to provide healthcare over a distance. Telehomecare, a form of telemedicine based in the patient's home, is a communication and clinical information system that enables the interaction of voice, video, and health-related data using ordinary telephone lines. Most home care agencies are adopting telehomecare to assist with the care of the growing population of chronically ill adults. This article presents a summary and critique of the published empirical evidence about the effects of telehomecare on older adult patients with chronic illness. The knowledge gained will be applied in a discussion regarding telehomecare optimization and areas for future research. The referenced literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, CDSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, and CINAHL databases was searched for the years 1995-2005 using the keywords "telehomecare" and "telemedicine," and limited to primary research and studies in English. Approximately 40 articles were reviewed. Articles were selected if telehealth technology with peripheral medical devices was used to deliver home care for adult patients with chronic illness. Studies where the intervention consisted of only telephone calls or did not involve video or in-person nurse contact in the home were excluded. Nineteen studies described the effects of telehomecare on adult patients, chronic illness outcomes, providers, and costs of care. Patients and providers were accepting of the technology and it appears to have positive effects on chronic illness outcomes such as self-management, rehospitalizations, and length of stay. Overall, due to savings from healthcare utilization and travel, telehomecare appears to reduce healthcare costs. Generally, studies have small sample sizes with diverse types and doses of telehomecare intervention for a select few chronic illnesses; most commonly heart failure. Very few published studies have explored the cost or quality implications since the change in home care reimbursement to prospective payment. Further research is needed to clarify how telehomecare can be used to maximize its benefits among diverse adult chronic illness populations
SN  - 0889-4655
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 220
T1  - Journal club. Delirium in older adults with cancer: implications for practice and research
A1  - Boyle,D.A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009091532 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Practice Outcomes Nurse Specialist, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; deborah.boyle@bannerhealth.com AS - ONCOL NURS FORUM. 2006 Jan; 33(1): 61-78. (212 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Cancer Patients
KW  - *Delirium/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Neoplasms/co [Complications]
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Adverse Drug Event
KW  - Aged,Hospitalized
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Confusion
KW  - consequence
KW  - data
KW  - Delirium/ci [Chemically Induced]
KW  - Delirium/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Delirium/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Delirium/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Delirium/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Delirium/rf [Risk Factors]
KW  - Delirium/ss [Symptoms]
KW  - Dementia/ss [Symptoms]
KW  - Depression/ss [Symptoms]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Neuropsychological Tests
KW  - Note
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - Nursing Interventions
KW  - Oncologic Nursing
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 78
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2006 Jan; 33(1): 61-78.(212 ref)
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - Purpose/Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature and existing evidence-based findings on delirium in older adults with cancer., Data Sources: Published articles, guidelines, and textbooks., Data Synthesis: Although delirium generally is recognized as a common geriatric syndrome, a paucity of empirical evidence exists to guide early recognition and treatment of this sequelae of cancer and its treatment in older adults. Delirium probably is more prevalent than citations note because the phenomenon is under-recognized in clinical practice across varied settings of cancer care., Conclusions: Extensive research is needed to formulate clinical guidelines to manage delirium. A focus on delirium in acute care and at the end of life precludes identification of this symptom in ambulatory care, where most cancer therapies are used. Particular emphasis should address the early recognition of prodromal signs of delirium to reduce symptom severity., Implications for Nursing: Ongoing assessment opportunities and close proximity to patients' treatment experiences foster oncology nurses' mastery of this common exemplar of altered cognition in older adults with cancer. Increasing awareness of and knowledge delineating characteristics of delirium in older patients with cancer can promote early recognition, optimum treatment, and minimization of untoward consequences associated with the historically ignored example of symptom distress
SN  - 0190-535X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 221
T1  - Developing nursing research
A1  - Bradbury,L.
A1  - Clipsham,K.
A1  - Kitson,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009107477 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Nurse, Nuffield Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; linda.bradbury@well.ox.ac.uk AS - J ORTHOP NURS. 2005 Nov; 9(4): 199-204. (12 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Orthopedic Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Role
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surveys
KW  - thought
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 199
EP  - 204
JF  - Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing.2005 Nov; 9(4): 199-204.(12 ref)
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - Following an information-giving workshop to senior nurses within the hospital by the Research Nurse Group, a research-practice gap was identified. To ascertain the extent of this, a survey with an explanatory letter was distributed to all qualified nurses within the Trust. Although initially the response rate was thought to be low, it compared favourably to other studies. Results showed that 45% of respondents did not feel confident to undertake a research project but more than 80% felt that research was a part of their clinical role and was relevant to nursing. Three-quarters of respondents also acknowledged that they had read a paper resulting in a change in their clinical practice. When asked about skills and resources, 29% did not know how to conduct a literature search and 39% were unable to critically appraise a paper. Furthermore, 62% did not know what resources were available when considering a research project of their own. It was concluded therefore, that the research-practice gap does exist and nurses need encouragement and support in the implementation of the research process. In view of these conclusions, an action plan was developed
SN  - 1361-3111
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 222
T1  - Psychoeducational intervention: a critical review of systematic analyses
A1  - Chan,C.W.H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009374900 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - CLIN EFFECT NURS. 2005 Sep-Dec; 9(3-4): 101-11. (27 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Psychoeducation
KW  - *Systematic Review/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - British Nursing Index
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - control
KW  - Counseling
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - inclusion
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - quality
KW  - Relaxation Techniques
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Support,Psychosocial
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 101
EP  - 111
JF  - Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing.2005 Sep-Dec; 9(3-4): 101-11.(27 ref)
J1  - Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing
VL  - 9
IS  - 3-4
N2  - Background, While many authors recommend the clinical use of psychoeducational interventions (PEI), the nature of such interventions varies widely and evidence for their effectiveness far from conclusive. Critical appraisals of the quality of review articles are warranted to consolidate the available evidence on the effectiveness of PEI., Objectives, This paper aims at critically reviewing 13 review articles of PEI that were published from 1985-2005. Knowledge gaps and lessons learnt from previous studies are identified to guide future studies., Method, The 13 review articles were selected through a systematic approach and clearly defined criteria. A checklist was used for appraising these review articles. Items of the checklist included purpose, search and inclusion criteria, qualitative assessment, quantitative assessment, differences, results and conclusion, and comments., Results, A total of 809 primary studies were included in the 13 reviews. Most reviews provided a clear and comprehensive description of their search methods and inclusion criteria. Ten out of thirteen reviews provided detailed and adequate data on the studies reviewed. Eight reviews did not pool or meta-analyze the results of these studies., Discussion, There was evidence that the effectiveness of patient education and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) has been found to be positive and there was support for their clinical use. The overall effectiveness of PEI was inconclusive because a mixture of interventions was studied and both significant and non-significant results had been reported. Future large-scale studies focusing on some commonly used interventions such as PMR, education, and counseling are recommended. Special consideration is given to the selection of understudied subjects, the selection of well-defined intervention and control, the selection of outcome measures and the research design
SN  - 1361-9004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 223
T1  - Individual and group-based parenting programmes for improving psychosocial outcomes for teenage parents and their children
A1  - Coren,E.
A1  - Barlow,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009357960 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract AS - COCHRANE LIBR. 2006; (4): (CD002964) SB - Online. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review LG - English NT - Update Software, online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly
KW  - *Adolescent Mothers/ed [Education]
KW  - *Parenting Education
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - Calculation
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communication
KW  - Confidence
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Development
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Maternal Attitudes
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mother-Infant Relations
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Note
KW  - Outcomes of Education
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parental Attitude
KW  - Parental Attitudes
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Parents
KW  - Placebo
KW  - play
KW  - problems
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Software
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - CD002964
JF  - The Cochrane Library.2006;(4): (CD002964)
J1  - The Cochrane Library
IS  - 4
N2  - Background: Rates of births to teenage parents are high and there is also a high incidence of poor outcomes among the children of teenage parents including developmental and learning problems, and child maltreatment. Parenting programmes may have an important role to play in improving outcomes for both teenage parents and their children., Objectives: The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of individual and/or group based parenting programmes in improving psychosocial and developmental outcomes in teenage mothers and their children., Search strategy: A range of biomedical and social science databases were searched including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychLIT, Sociofile, Social Science Citation Index, ASSIA, the Cochrane Library including SPECTR, CENTRAL, National Research Register (NRR) and ERIC., Selection criteria: Only randomised controlled trials were included in which participants had been randomly allocated to an experimental and a control group, the latter being a waiting-list, no-treatment or a placebo control group. Studies had to include at least one standardised instrument measuring maternal psychosocial health or infant health and development., Data collection and analysis: The included studies were critically appraised using a number of criteria including the method of allocation concealment. The treatment effect for each outcome in each study was standardised by dividing the mean difference in post-intervention scores for the intervention and treatment group, by the pooled standard deviation, to produce an effect size. Due to the presence of significant heterogeneity it was not possible to combine the results in a meta-analysis., Main results: The results of the review are based on data from four studies. These showed that both individual and group-based parenting programmes produced results favouring the intervention group on a range of maternal and infant measures of outcome including mother-infant interaction, language development, parental attitudes, parental knowledge, maternal mealtime communication, maternal self-confidence and maternal identity., Authors' conclusions: The conclusions which can be drawn from this review are limited due to the small number of included studies, and the use of a restricted number of outcomes measures. The conclusions are also limited by some of the methodological deficiencies of the included studies. Despite these problems the findings of the included studies suggest that parenting programmes may be effective in improving outcomes for both teenage mothers and their infants. There is, however, a need for further research into the effectiveness of parenting programmes for teenage parents., [CINAHL Note: The Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviews contain interactive software that allows various calculations in the MetaView.]
SN  - 1464-780X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 224
T1  - Risk factors associated with adverse health and safety outcomes in the US Hispanic workforce
A1  - costa-Leon,A.L.
A1  - Grote,B.P.
A1  - Salem,S.
A1  - Daraiseh,N.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009214579 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract AS - THEOR ISSUES ERGON SCI. 2006 May-Jun; 7(3): 299-310. (15 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Hispanics
KW  - *Occupational Diseases/rf [Risk Factors]
KW  - *Occupational-Related Injuries/rf [Risk Factors]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cultural Values
KW  - Culture
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - English
KW  - Fatality
KW  - health
KW  - Hispanic
KW  - Information
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevention
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Safety
KW  - Scales
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - US
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 299
EP  - 310
JF  - Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.2006 May-Jun; 7(3): 299-310.(15 ref)
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
N2  - Background: Historically, jobs that are high in physical labour such as construction, farming, fishing, mining and manufacturing tend to have the highest accident and fatality rates. Many working in these sectors, particularly of Hispanic origin, have been experiencing higher numbers of accidents than workers from other backgrounds., Objective: To investigate adverse safety and health outcomes among Hispanic workers in the US associated with risk factors by means of a systematic review of analytical studies., Methods: A keyword search was used within several academic databases to search for applicable articles. A critical appraisal was carried out to evaluate the selected studies according to epidemiological principles., Results: The critical appraisal of six relevant studies revealed that lack of education and training, language barriers, culture barriers and job type are risk factors associated with adverse safety and health outcomes in Hispanic workers in the US. However, results may be limited due to a need for specific information regarding subject loss and issues regarding generalization to eligible populations., Conclusions: There is still a need for studies investigating the relationship between specific risk factors and their influence on immigrant workers. Research should take into account other variables such as immigration status and develop proper interventions to assess the effectiveness of prevention methods such as proper bilingual safety training
SN  - 1463-922X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 225
T1  - Development of professional confidence by post diploma baccalaureate nursing students
A1  - Crooks,D.
A1  - Carpio,B.
A1  - Brown,B.
A1  - Black,M.
A1  - O'Mara,L.
A1  - Noesgaard,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009077462 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - McMaster University School of Nursing, 1200 Main St West, Hamilton, Ont, Canada L8N 3Z5 AS - NURSE EDUC PRACT. 2005 Nov; 5(6): 360-7. (27 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Confidence
KW  - *Diploma Nurses
KW  - *Students,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiorecording
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Interview Guides
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - self
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Experiences
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thematic Analysis
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 360
EP  - 367
JF  - Nurse Education in Practice.2005 Nov; 5(6): 360-7.(27 ref)
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
N2  - Professional confidence should be nurtured in a caring nursing curriculum, however there is a lack of clarity as to what confidence means, how it is perceived by students, and what educators can do to instill professional confidence in nursing students. A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted to explore the components of professional confidence as perceived by diploma-prepared registered nurses enrolled in a two-year student-centered, problem-based baccalaureate degree program. Students identified professional confidence as developing through a two-phase process. During the first phase, Becoming Informed, students reported acquiring knowledge, theory and critical thinking in the supportive environment of small tutorial groups, which in turn enabled them to examine nursing practice and defend decisions with clarity and confidence. In Finding a Voice of My Own they clearly articulated an evidence-based nursing position in both academic and clinical environments with a sense of ownership and congruence with their own values. Each phase was further composed of four processes: feeling, knowing, doing and reflecting. When supported through these phases, students felt prepared (i.e. confident) to assume broader roles in health care. Post diploma programs should acknowledge and build on the skills and abilities nurses bring to the educational setting, yet challenge learners to develop critical self appraisal
SN  - 1471-5953
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 226
T1  - RCM annual conference. A student's perspective
A1  - Dean,T.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009024568 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - RCM MIDWIVES. 2005 Jul; 8(7): 298-9. (1 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Congresses and Conferences
KW  - *Royal College of Midwives
KW  - *Student Attitudes
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Competition
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Student
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 298
EP  - 299
JF  - RCM Midwives.2005 Jul; 8(7): 298-9.(1 ref)
J1  - RCM Midwives
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
N2  - RCM Midwives Journal's competition to win full delegate attendance at the RCM annual conference, paid for by the journal's publishers McMillan-Scott, was won by Tessa Dean. She reports on her experiences of the events that make up the 'midwifery club sandwich'
SN  - 1479-2915
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 227
T1  - Evidence-based practice: a methodology for a best physical therapy practice [Portuguese]
A1  - Dias,R.C.
A1  - Dias,J.M.D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009269198 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - FISIOTER MOVIMENTO. 2006 Jan; 19(1): 11-6. (13 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Mexican & Central or South American Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Physical Therapy
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Physical Therapy
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Data Analysis,Statistical
KW  - definition
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - participation
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Scales
KW  - Skill
KW  - skill development
KW  - social participation
KW  - Solutions
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
JF  - Fisioterapia em Movimento.2006 Jan; 19(1): 11-6.(13 ref)
J1  - Fisioterapia em Movimento
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence based practice is an update methodology which may help Physical Therapists assurance of a best professional practice. Physical "Therapists must find better ways of establishing diagnosis, prognosis and selection of efficacy interventions to clinical outcomes of interest, especially to verify the impact of disease or health condition on one's life related to body structures and function, activity on daily living tasks and social participation. Thus, is of hallmark that Physical Therapists should be trained on that methodology. This paper will address the concept and definition of Evidence-Based Practice; the challenges to be faced on the Physical Therapy field and their possible solutions; the formulation of a research question; searching, selection, critically appraising papers and evidence quality to answer the clinical question. Yet, some individual skill development to incorporate the methodology of Evidence-Based Practice on the daily Physical Therapist routine will be suggested
SN  - 0103-5150
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 228
T1  - Information literacy, part I: the legal nurse consultant and the Internet
A1  - DiCecco,K.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009020898 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Doroshow, Pasquale, Krawitz & Bhaya, Wilmington, DE; karadicecco@dplaw.com AS - J LEGAL NURSE CONSULT. 2005 Summer; 16(3): 3-9. (13 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Glossary, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Information Technology
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Nurse Legal Consultants
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Research
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 9
JF  - Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting.2005 Summer; 16(3): 3-9.(13 ref)
J1  - Journal of Legal Nurse Consulting
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - The first of a two-part series on information literacy, this article will examine the scope of Internet research via the World Wide Web. Undeniably, the effective legal nurse consultant (LNC) must confidently navigate an immense sea of scientific studies, medical resources, legal standards, and demonstrative evidence while evaluating and authenticating its origins. If autonomy and critical thinking skills are native traits of the exceptional bedside nurse, so too can they be found in the successful LNC. The focus of this article is to provide a primer of skills and resources to efficiently locate medical-legal information on the Web. A second but equally important goal is to provide the reader with an outline of steps for the critical analysis of the retrieved information
SN  - 1080-3297
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 229
T1  - Predicting reading abilities from oral language skills: a critical review of the literature
A1  - Ekins,E.
A1  - Schneider,P.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009167675 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Rehabilitation Services, Royal Inland Hospital, 311 Columbia Street, Kamloops, BC V2C 2T1, Canada; elizabethekins@interiorhealth.ca AS - J SPEECH LANG PATHOL AUDIOL. 2006 Spring; 30(1): 26-45. (63 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Canada Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Reading Disorders/rf [Risk Factors]
KW  - *Speech Disorders/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Achievement Tests
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Processing
KW  - Language Tests
KW  - Literature
KW  - Phoneme
KW  - phoneme blending
KW  - phonological awareness
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - reading achievement
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - reading difficulties
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading problems
KW  - Reference Databases
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Skill
KW  - Speech Production Measurement
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 26
EP  - 45
JF  - Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.2006 Spring; 30(1): 26-45.(63 ref)
J1  - Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
N2  - The early identification of children who may be at risk for reading difficulty is important so that intervention can be provided early and subsequent reading problems can be avoided. Traditionally, children with reading problems are identified after reading instruction has begun. However, knowledge of oral language skills that predict reading abilities is necessary to identify children who may be at risk for later reading problems., This document discusses research literature documenting oral language measures that may predict lower level (decoding) and higher level (comprehension) reading abilities as well as reader-group membership. The predictive ability of expressive language, receptive language, Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN), and phonological awareness are discussed., The research results indicate that some oral language measures predict reading achievement. Although standardized measures of expressive language account for some variance in lower level reading, phonological awareness and RAN account for more. Standardized measures of expressive and receptive language predict reading comprehension in Grade 2. RAN tasks predict lower level reading and reader-group membership. Various combinations of syllable and phoneme deletion, syllable and phoneme blending, and rhyme detection predict lower level reading achievement, reading comprehension, or reader-group membership. The research information reviewed here can help guide future investigations in the area of predicting reading abilities
SN  - 0848-1970
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 230
T1  - Journal club. Understanding the moral distress of nurses witnessing medically futile care
A1  - Ferrell,B.R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009281125 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Scientist, Dept of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; bferrell@coh.org AS - ONCOL NURS FORUM. 2006 Sep; 33(5): 922-30. (35 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Medical Futility/ei [Ethical Issues]
KW  - *Oncologic Nursing/ei [Ethical Issues]
KW  - *Terminal Care/ei [Ethical Issues]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - City
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - conflict
KW  - Conflict (Psychology)
KW  - Congresses and Conferences
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - data
KW  - Dementia
KW  - District of Columbia
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Family
KW  - Hope
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Narratives/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Attitudes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Oncologic Nursing/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Advocacy
KW  - patients
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - Spirituality
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 922
EP  - 930
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2006 Sep; 33(5): 922-30.(35 ref)
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
N2  - PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore the topic of moral distress in nurses related to witnessing futile care. DATA SOURCES: Literature related to moral distress and futility; analysis of narratives written by 108 nurses attending one of two national continuing education courses on end-of-life care regarding their experiences in the area. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nurses were invited to share a clinical situation in which they experienced moral distress related to a patient receiving care that they considered futile. Nurses described clinical situations across care settings, with the most common conflict being that aggressive care denies palliative care. Conflicts regarding code status, life support, and nutrition also were common. Patients with cancer were involved quite often, second only to geriatric patients and patients with dementia. The instances created strong emotional responses from nurses, including feeling the need for patient advocacy and that futile care was violent and cruel. Important spiritual and religious factors were cited as influencing the clinical experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Instances of futile care evoke strong emotional responses from nurses, and nurses require support in dealing with their distress. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: The ethical dilemma of futile care is complex. Additional research and support are needed for patients, families, and nurses
SN  - 0190-535X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 231
T1  - Emotional freedom techniques: a safe treatment intervention for many trauma based issues
A1  - Flint,G.A.
A1  - Lammers,W.
A1  - Mitnick,D.G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009112154 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract AS - J AGGRESSION MALTREAT TRAUMA. 2006; 12(1/2): 125-50. (19 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Case Study, Pictorial, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Crisis Intervention
KW  - *Medicine,Chinese Traditional/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Stress Disorders,Post-Traumatic/th [Therapy]
KW  - Acupressure
KW  - Acupuncture Points/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aggression
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Critical Incident Stress/th [Therapy]
KW  - Emotions
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - Energy Field/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - English
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine,Chinese Traditional/ed [Education]
KW  - Memory
KW  - Mental Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychophysiologic Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Scales
KW  - Self Care
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Skill Acquisition
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - Support Groups
KW  - Survivors/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Trauma Severity Indices
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 125
EP  - 150
JF  - Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma.2006; 12(1/2): 125-50.(19 ref)
J1  - Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma
VL  - 12
IS  - 1/2
N2  - Callahan (1985) developed a procedure of tapping on acupressure points for treating mental problems. Craig and Fowlie (1995) modified Callahan's procedure to a simplified version called Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). EFT is easy to teach and is effective with symptoms of PTSD. This article presents EFT as an adjunct to the Critical Incident Stress Reduction debriefing procedures. The use of EFT in debriefings results in shorter and more thorough sessions. It often reduces the emotional pain of the debriefing. This paper provides complete instructions and safeguards for using EFT when debriefing in disaster situations and with other applications. Included are references for further reading and training
SN  - 1092-6771
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 232
T1  - A three-year study on the relationship of an internal board review course and dental hygiene student performance on the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination
A1  - Gladstone,R.
A1  - Stefanou,L.
A1  - Westphal,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009122834 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - New York University College of Dentistry AS - J DENT HYG. 2006 Jan; 80(1): 1p SB - Allied Health Journals. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Research LG - English
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Curriculum/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Students,Dental Hygiene
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - content
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Research
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - health
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Motivation
KW  - New York
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1p
JF  - Journal of Dental Hygiene.2006 Jan; 80(1): 1p.
J1  - Journal of Dental Hygiene
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
N2  - Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an internal mock board review course (MBC) could help students improve their National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) scores and study skills. This non-credit, pass or fail course was developed as a requirement for graduation. Methods and Materials. The fall content was based primarily on material from Dr. Esther Wilkins' Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist 8th Edition, along with supplemental Internet information. Multiple mock board quizzes were given prior to the end of February, when students must be certified for the spring examination. Results. Seventy-four students completed surveys at the beginning and end of the fall semester. When three years' worth of MBC scores were compared to actual NBDHE scores, the MBC scores were within five percentage points of the actual NBDHE scores 61% of the time. At the beginning of the MBC, 31% of the students thought they would achieve a score of 90% or above on the NBDHE. At the end of the MBC, student surveys indicated that 5% believed they would achieve 90% or above. Seven percent of the class actually did achieve above 90%, proving that the course successfully showed students the depth of study necessary to score 90% or better. Seventy-nine percent of responding students appreciated the "jump start," early study schedule, and review of background material. Conclusions. The internal board review course motivated students to study earlier than they would have on their own, and our MBC was able to accurately predict which students were ready to take the NBDHE in the spring semester (70% of the class). Because it is critical to find new and innovative ways to motivate students, further study is ongoing to improve performance for students who did not take the spring NBDHE, and to examine variables that affect student success
SN  - 1043-254X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 233
T1  - A first progress report on e-learning in health and nursing further training [German]
A1  - Gross,D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009062856 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - PR INTERNET PFLEGE. 2003 Feb; 5(2): 86-96. (20 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Forms, Tables/Charts LG - German
KW  - *Nurses/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - evidence
KW  - Feedback
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - progress
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 86
EP  - 96
JF  - PR-Internet fur die Pflege.2003 Feb; 5(2): 86-96.(20 ref)
J1  - PR-Internet fur die Pflege
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
N2  - The article presents preliminary findings with two of three successive e-learning workshops on Evidence Based Nursing with different topics. 14 nurses participated in workshop 2, 10 of them attended also workshop 3. Both workshops contained of two four hours faceto- face and 27 hours of e-learning sequences. The overall duration of both workshops was 4 weeks. Both e-learning programmes were verbally and with a paper and pencil feedback evaluated. In workshop 2 with the topic critical appraisal of research articles the quality of the interaction with the instructor, the motivation to learn and the amount of learning increased. In workshop 3 with the topic critical appraisal of assessment instruments the quantity and quality of interaction with the instructor and the motivation to learn decreased. The outcome was due the difference structure of the assigned working materials
SN  - 1422-8629
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 234
T1  - Critical thinking skills study: vocational nursing
A1  - Hagan,M.W.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009287399 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract SO - (Capella University) **2005; Ph.D. 96 p DD - UMI Order #AAI3174552 PT - Doctoral Dissertation, Research LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ed [Education]
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Practical
KW  - California
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community college
KW  - competency
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Outcomes of Education
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Instruments
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 96
N2  - Critical thinking and critical thinking skills are a required competency in the practice of nursing. Nursing Programs are mandated by the American Nurses Association to include critical thinking in nursing curricula. The need for critical thinking and critical thinking skills must be incorporated into entry-level vocational nursing. Yet, there is difficulty in defining and measuring critical thinking and critical thinking skills in entry-level vocational nursing students. This study used the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) to measure critical thinking in first semester vocational nursing classes at a community college in Southern California, by utilizing a critical thinking textbook with reading and class activities. The results of this study indicated that there were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups post-test scores upon completion of their first semester of their vocational nursing program
SN  - 978-0-542-12444-0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 235
T1  - Critically appraised topics: can educational programs for parents affect mother and infant outcomes during a NICU admission?
A1  - Hanson,H.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009252480 AS - PEDIATR PHYS THER. 2006 Spring; 18(1): 114 SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Cognition
KW  - *Early Intervention
KW  - *Mothers/ed [Education]
KW  - *Parenting Education
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Coping/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Development
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Infant,Premature/ed [Education]
KW  - Intensive Care Units,Neonatal
KW  - journal
KW  - Mother
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 114
JF  - Pediatric Physical Therapy.2006 Spring; 18(1): 114.
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SN  - 0898-5669
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 236
T1  - The practical application of the evidence based nursing concept for the examination of nursing diagnosis in home care in Austria [German]
A1  - Haslinger-Baumann,E.
A1  - Lang,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009001641 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - PR INTERNET PFLEGE. 2005 Apr; 7(4): 245-50. (20 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - German
KW  - *Home Nursing,Professional
KW  - *Nursing Diagnosis
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Austria
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - evidence
KW  - frameworks
KW  - Home
KW  - Internet
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Process
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 245
EP  - 250
JF  - PR-Internet fur die Pflege.2005 Apr; 7(4): 245-50.(20 ref)
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
N2  - The purpose of the study was to refer to the concept of Evidence-based nursing as a strategy with theoretical / frameworks of home care nursing in order to cont ribute the improvements of quality and to ensure efficiency. We investigated the aims of the nursing process which have been established in the setting of adapting of labour standards for home care nursing according to the IOWA- Model and on the basis of methodical approach. The sufficient evidence was verified in the context of an extended literature review. Furthermore, assortments of relevant articles and critical appraisal with standardised check lists were made. The findings show the lack of studies investigating the aims of the nursing process in the labour standards. We can solely draw conclusions of actuality and scientifically proving from components of the aspects of labour standards. Some aspects could not be found in studies and therefore we cannot establish a relationship to the question. Also, the authors notice that more applied research is necessary in the field of home care nursing
SN  - 1422-8629
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 237
T1  - Journal clubs enrich practice
A1  - Hawke,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009273972 AS - NURS SPECTRUM (DC MARYLAND VIRGINIA). 2006 Aug 14; 16(17): 14 SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Nursing Practice
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
JF  - Nursing Spectrum (DC/Maryland/Virginia Edition).2006 Aug 14; 16(17): 14.
J1  - Nursing Spectrum (DC/Maryland/Virginia Edition)
VL  - 16
IS  - DC/Maryland/Virginia Edition
SN  - 1559-4653
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 238
T1  - Journal club. Sexuality and intimacy issues facing women with breast cancer
A1  - Huber,C.
A1  - Ramnarace,T.
A1  - McCaffrey,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009317067 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Bethesda Memorial Hospital, Boynton Beach, FL AS - ONCOL NURS FORUM. 2006 Nov; 33(6): 1163-7. (16 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Breast Neoplasms/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Cancer Patients/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - *Intimacy
KW  - *Sexuality
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - challenge
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communication
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - Florida
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - healthcare providers
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - human sexuality
KW  - Intimacy
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Mastectomy
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Sexuality
KW  - Survival
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1167
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2006 Nov; 33(6): 1163-7.(16 ref)
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
N2  - Purpose/Objectives: To explore the sexuality and intimacy experiences facing women with breast cancer. Data Sources: Published articles; OVID, PsycINFO, and Florida Atlantic University databases; Web sites; and books. Data Synthesis: Patient perceptions and knowledge of mastectomy and chemotherapy-induced menopause in regard to lifelong sexual experiences are lacking. Healthcare providers must institute much-needed education and open lines of communication. Conclusions: The physical and psychological results of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment alter human sexuality. Breast cancer's survival rate is at an all-time high, increasing the number of people who will be living with such issues on a daily basis and shifting the focus from acute care concerns to chronic disease concerns. Implications for Nursing: Healthcare providers should assess individual patients for potential issues they may face. By identifying problems, they can challenge health care to focus on the long-term problems associated with sexuality and intimacy issues facing patients
SN  - 0190-535X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 239
T1  - EBN notebook. The GATE frame: critical appraisal with pictures
A1  - Jackson,R.
A1  - Ameratunga,S.
A1  - Broad,J.
A1  - Connor,J.
A1  - Lethaby,A.
A1  - Robb,G.
A1  - Wells,S.
A1  - Glasziou,P.
A1  - Heneghan,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009269172 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AS - EVID BASED NURS. 2006 Jul; 9(3): 68-71. (7 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Equations & Formulas, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Conceptual Framework
KW  - *Epidemiological Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Graphics
KW  - *Research Methodology
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Coronary Disease/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Coronary Disease/mo [Mortality]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Double-Blind Studies
KW  - English
KW  - Estrogens/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - Female
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Progestational Hormones/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 68
EP  - 71
JF  - Evidence-Based Nursing.2006 Jul; 9(3): 68-71.(7 ref)
J1  - Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SN  - 1367-6539
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 240
T1  - Fostering critical thinking skills: a strategy for enhancing evidence based wellness care
A1  - Jamison,J.R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009075386 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - School of Chiropractic, Murdoch University, South Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6849, Australia; J.Jamison@murdoch.edu.au AS - CHIROPRACT OSTEOPATHY. 2005 Sep; 13(9): 1-9. (23 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Australia & New Zealand Journals. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Case Study, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Chiropractic/td [Trends]
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Chiropractic/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Wellness
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - diversity
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning experiences
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - methods
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Evaluation
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - play
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - self
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Chiropractic/pf [Psychosocial Factors]
KW  - Study
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Western Australia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
JF  - Chiropractic & Osteopathy.2005 Sep; 13(9): 1-9.(23 ref)
J1  - Chiropractic & Osteopathy
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
N2  - Chiropractic has traditionally regarded itself a wellness profession. As wellness care is postulated to play a central role in the future growth of chiropractic, the development of a wellness ethos acceptable within conventional health care is desirable., This paper describes a unit which prepares chiropractic students for the role of "wellness coaches". Emphasis is placed on providing students with exercises in critical thinking in an effort to prepare them for the challenge of interfacing with an increasingly evidence based health care system., Methods, This case study describes how health may be promoted and disease prevented through development of personalized wellness programs. As critical thinking is essential to the provision of evidence based wellness care, diverse learning opportunities for developing and refining critical thinking skills have been created. Three of the learning opportunities are an intrinsic component of the subject and, taken together, contributed over 50% of the final grade of the unit. They include a literature review, developing a client wellness contract and peer evaluation. In addition to these 3 compulsory exercises, students were also given an opportunity to develop their critical appraisal skills by undertaking voluntary self- and unit evaluation. Several opportunities for informal self-appraisal were offered in a structured self-study guide, while unit appraisal was undertaken by means of a questionnaire and group discussion at which the Head of School was present., Results, Formal assessment showed all students capable of preparing a wellness program consistent with current thinking in contemporary health care. The small group of students who appraised the unit seemed to value the diversity of learning experiences provided. Opportunities for voluntary unit and self-appraisal were used to varying degrees., Unit evaluation provided useful feedback that led to substantial changes in unit structure., Conclusion, Students have demonstrated themselves capable of applying critical thinking in construction of evidence based wellness programs. With respect to unit design, selective use of learning opportunities highlighted the desirability of using obligatory learning opportunities to ensure exposure to core constructs while student feedback was found to provide useful information for enriching unit review., It is hoped inclusion of critical thinking learning opportunities in the undergraduate chiropractic curriculum will contribute to the development of an evidence based ethos in chiropractic care
SN  - 1746-1340
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 241
T1  - Fostering critical appraisal skills as a prelude to clinical practice
A1  - Jamison,J.R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009055729 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Professor of Primary Care, School of Chiropractic, Division of Health Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia AS - CHIROPRACT J AUST. 2005 Sep; 35(3): 107-11. (11 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Australia & New Zealand Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Critical Thinking/ed [Education]
KW  - *Diagnosis/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Chiropractic
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Teaching Methods/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - active learning
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Competence
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Differential Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Clinical/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning experiences
KW  - methods
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Chiropractic
KW  - Study
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Western Australia
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 111
JF  - Chiropractic Journal of Australia.2005 Sep; 35(3): 107-11.(11 ref)
J1  - Chiropractic Journal of Australia
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
N2  - Competent diagnosis and treatment depend on proficient critical appraisal. This paper reports on how students are provided with learning opportunities to develop and enhance critical appraisal skills. Methods: A case study of a 4th year diagnosis unit at Murdoch University, which offered 6 discrete critical appraisal opportunities, is described. Student evaluation of the learning experiences by means of questionnaire completion is reported, as are the results of formal assessment of student work demonstrating the use of critical appraisal skills. Results: Student evaluation of the learning experience was largely positive. Case study-type learning opportunities, particularly when presented in a group differential diagnosis format, were particularly popular. While case analysis may have been directly responsible for the confidence students expressed regarding their future competence as diagnosticians, other opportunities to develop critical appraisal skills such as those created to facilitate active learning, reorganise previous knowledge and appraise current learning were also well received. After 4 weeks, formal assessment found all students capable of implementing diagnostic thinking strategies--to varying degrees. Conclusion: Refined critical analysis skills are fundamental to successful clinical practice. While case studies provide an ideal learning format for acquiring these skills, other scenarios can also provide valuable learning experiences. Most students appeared to value the diverse learning opportunities offered
SN  - 1036-0913
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 242
T1  - Tutorial. Getting started in evidence-based practice for childhood speech-language disorders
A1  - Johnson,C.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009166101 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. carla.johnson@utoronto.ca AS - AM J SPEECH LANG PATHOL. 2006 Feb; 15(1): 20-35. (79 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Language Disorders
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Speech Disorders
KW  - *Speech-Language Pathology
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Speech-Language Pathologists
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 35
JF  - American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2006 Feb; 15(1): 20-35.(79 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: Evidence-based practice (EBP) entails a critical mindset and rigorous methods that foster the judicious integration of scientific evidence into clinical decision making. The purpose of this tutorial is to present strategies, resources, and examples to help speech-language pathologists get started in EBP for childhood speech and language disorders. METHOD: The tutorial begins with an overview of key principles of EBP, including potential benefits and challenges, and other initial considerations. Five recommended steps for implementing EBP are then presented: posing a question, locating the evidence, appraising the evidence, making and implementing clinical decisions, and evaluating those decisions. Included is a compilation of synthesized evidence resources, such as systematic reviews/meta-analyses and EBP guidelines. Finally, illustrative examples are provided to assist practitioners with integrating research evidence into clinical decision making in childhood speech-language disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Speech-language pathologists who work with children are encouraged to adopt EBP for clinical decision making
SN  - 1058-0360
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 243
T1  - Challenges in applying best evidence to physiotherapy
A1  - Jones,M.
A1  - Grimmer,K.
A1  - Edwards,I.
A1  - Higgs,J.
A1  - Trede,F.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009271397 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Program Director, Senior Lecturer, Postgraduate Coursework Masters Programs, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia AS - INTERNET J ALLIED HEALTH SCI PRACT. 2006 Jul; 4(3): 8p. (42 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Qualitative Studies/ut [Utilization]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Measurement
KW  - researchers
KW  - respect
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing for Publication/ev [Evaluation]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8p
JF  - Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice.2006 Jul; 4(3): 8p.(42 ref)
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
N2  - Purpose: As the first of two papers addressing challenges in applying best evidence to physiotherapy practice, this paper highlights the role of qualitative research and challenges researchers face in producing sound evidence for practice. Summary of Key Points: The challenge of what constitutes acceptable evidence to inform evidence-based practice is addressed in this paper with critique of the current over-reliance on quantitative methodologies that excludes a substantial body of valuable qualitative evidence to support sound practice. The current trend of relying on questionnaires to obtain psychosocial data is challenged on the basis of limitations of research design. Challenges to researchers from the quantitative and qualitative worlds to break down the political barriers separating these two groups are put forward. Lastly, we consider challenges that clinicians face in maintaining best practice based on when evidence is still largely not available or is compromised by limitations to research design with respect to population homogeneity, diagnostic inclusion criteria, intervention details, outcome measures and critical appraisal tools. Conclusion: Quantitative research alone is insufficient to understand patients? pain and disability experiences. Researchers are challenged to improve their reporting of research with greater detail provided regarding populations, therapeutic environment and interventions used if clinicians are to be able to apply research findings in practice
SN  - 1540-580X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 244
T1  - Systematic review as a method of analyzing previous scientific knowledge [Finnish]
A1  - Kaariainen,M.
A1  - Lagtinen,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009180708 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - HOITOTIEDE. 2006; 18(1): 37-45. (36 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article LG - Finnish
KW  - *Professional Knowledge/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Research Methodology
KW  - *Systematic Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Review
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Systematic Review/ut [Utilization]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 45
JF  - Hoitotiede.2006; 18(1): 37-45.(36 ref)
J1  - Hoitotiede
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
N2  - The prerequisite for research that aims to produce new knowledge is a critical and systematic evaluation and synthesis of scientific knowledge. The purpose of this paper was to examine stages of systematic review as a method of analyzing previous scientific knowledge., Systematic review is meant to be a scientific research method for identifying and collecting existing knowledge, appraising the quality of knowledge and synthesizing the results on a limited topic retrospectively and extensively. It may also be used to specify the research question and to clarify the reasons for choosing it as well as to make valid generalizations. Systematic review covers the research protocol, the quantification of the research question, the retrieval and selection of original papers and the estimation of their quality as well as their analysis and presentation of results., Systematic review has been established as the most reliable and valid means of summarizing previous research findings. It is able to avoid systematic bias and to highlight potential shortcomings as well as to identify existing but non-systematic scientific knowledge. Thus, systematic review may either increase the need for primary research or prevent the start-up of unnecessary new studies. This abstract was translated into English by the publisher or author
SN  - 0786-5686
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 245
T1  - Group writing of letters to the editor as the goal of journal club
A1  - Kallen,A.J.
A1  - Wilson,C.T.
A1  - Russell,M.A.
A1  - Larson,R.J.
A1  - Davies,L.
A1  - Sirovich,B.E.
A1  - Schwartz,L.M.
A1  - Woloshin,S.
A1  - Welch,H.G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009279725 AS - JAMA. 2006 Sep 6; 296(9): 1053-4. (6 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Letter, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Writing
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Vermont
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1053
EP  - 1054
JF  - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association.2006 Sep 6; 296(9): 1053-4.(6 ref)
J1  - JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 296
IS  - 9
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 246
T1  - Evidence-based journal club. Can an information prescription change parental attitudes and behaviors related to using the Internet for health information resources?
A1  - Kind,T.
A1  - Simon,A.E.
A1  - Everett,P.J.
A1  - Cabana,M.D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009040146 IN - Children's National Medical Center, Children's Health Center at Good Hope Road, 2501 Good Hope Rd SE, Washington, DC 20020; tkind@cnmc.org AS - ARCH PEDIATR ADOLESC MED. 2004 Sep; 158(9): 864-6. (8 ref) SB - Biomedical Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Consumer Health Information/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Internet/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Patient Education/td [Trends]
KW  - *Pediatric Care/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Center
KW  - health information
KW  - Hope
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Parental Attitude
KW  - Parental Attitudes
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 864
EP  - 866
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.2004 Sep; 158(9): 864-6.(8 ref)
VL  - 158
IS  - 9
SN  - 1072-4710
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 247
T1  - Is statistical significance always significant?
A1  - Koretz,R.L.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009127971 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342; rkoretz@ladhs.org AS - NUTR CLIN PRACT. 2005 Jun; 20(3): 303-7. (17 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Data Analysis,Statistical/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - *Probability
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Research,Dietetics
KW  - *Statistical Significance/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Study Design/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - Power Analysis
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Review
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Type I Error
KW  - Type II Error
KW  - US
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 303
EP  - 307
JF  - Nutrition in Clinical Practice.2005 Jun; 20(3): 303-7.(17 ref)
J1  - Nutrition in Clinical Practice
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
N2  - One way in which we learn new information is to read the medical literature. Whether or not we do primary research, it is important to be able to read literature in a critical fashion. A seemingly simple concept in reading is to interpret p values. For most of us, if we find a p value that is <.05, we take the conclusion to heart and quote it at every opportunity. If the p value is >.05, we discard the paper and look elsewhere for useful information. Unfortunately, this is too simplistic an approach. The real utility of p values is to consider them within the context of the experiment being performed. Defects in study design can make an interpretation of a p value useless. One has to be wary of type I (seeing a "statistically significant" difference just because of chance) and type II (failing to see a difference that really exists) errors. Examples of the former are publication bias and the performance of multiple analyses; the latter refers to a trial that is too small to demonstrate the difference. Finding significant differences in surrogate or intermediate endpoints may not help us. We need to know if those endpoints reflect the behavior of clinical endpoints. Selectively citing significant differences and disregarding studies that do not find them is inappropriate. Small differences, even if they are statistically significant, may require too much resource expenditure to be clinically useful. This article explores these problems in depth and attempts to put p values in the context of studies
SN  - 0884-5336
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 248
T1  - Professional issues. Nursing research journal clubs: bridging the gap between practice and research
A1  - Luby,M.
A1  - Riley,J.K.
A1  - Towne,G.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009161174 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - Patient Care Leader, Neonatal ICU, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC AS - MEDSURG NURS. 2006 Apr; 15(2): 100-2. (11 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Medical-Surgical Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Research-Based
KW  - *Nursing Units
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - *Staff Development
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Research
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 100
EP  - 102
JF  - MEDSURG Nursing.2006 Apr; 15(2): 100-2.(11 ref)
J1  - MEDSURG Nursing
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SN  - 1092-0811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 249
T1  - Critically appraised papers. A group education program reduced falls among community-dwelling older people at risk of falling
A1  - McCluskey,A.
A1  - Brandis,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009265348 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references IN - CAPs Advisory Board Member; a.mccluskey@uws.edu.au AS - AUST OCCUP THER J. 2006 Sep; 53(3): 238-9. (3 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Australia & New Zealand Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract, Commentary LG - English
KW  - *Accidental Falls/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - *Accidents,Home/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - *Patient Education
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - English
KW  - Falling
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - Risk
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
EP  - 239
JF  - Australian Occupational Therapy Journal.2006 Sep; 53(3): 238-9.(3 ref)
J1  - Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SN  - 0045-0766
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 250
T1  - Value of confidence intervals in determining clinical significance
A1  - McNeely,M.L.
A1  - Warren,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009268784 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta; mmcneely@ualberta.ca AS - PHYSIOTHER CAN. 2006 Summer; 58(3): 205-11. (18 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Canada Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Confidence Intervals
KW  - *Physical Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - *Research,Physical Therapy/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - P-Value
KW  - physical education
KW  - Probability
KW  - Recreation
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Skill
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment effectiveness
KW  - Type II Error
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 205
EP  - 211
JF  - Physiotherapy Canada.2006 Summer; 58(3): 205-11.(18 ref)
J1  - Physiotherapy Canada
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
N2  - Purpose: Establishing treatment effectiveness is a priority for both clinicians and clinical researchers in the rehabilitation field. Although there is a need for high-quality research in rehabilitation, there is also a need for clinicians to learn and practise the skills of critically appraising research literature. In critically appraising the literature, understanding the role of the confidence interval is essential. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the value of confidence intervals in interpreting the clinical significance of trial findings. Summary of Key Points: Confidence intervals can be calculated for many different statistical procedures and are advocated for assessing both statistical and clinical significance. Confidence intervals are particularly useful in helping avoid possibly erroneous conclusions that two groups have similar results when non-significant findings are reported. Conclusions: Probability values and confidence intervals are complementary and closely related mathematically. The function of the confidence interval is fundamentally an inferential one. Confidence intervals are, thus, of particular relevance when interpreting research findings. Confidence intervals should be reported in the results of clinical trials or, if not included, should be calculated wherever possible
SN  - 0300-0508
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 251
T1  - An investigation into the use of a journal club for evidence-based practice... including commentary by Dobrzanska L and Kanthraj GR
A1  - McQueen,J.
A1  - Miller,C.
A1  - Nivison,C.
A1  - Husband,V.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009242495 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Head Research Occupational Therapist, South Glasgow NHS Division, Therapy Centre, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF AS - INT J THER REHABIL. 2006 Jul; 13(7): 311-7. (33 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary, Questionnaire/Scale, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Occupational Therapy Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exploratory Research
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Knowledge/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Lung Diseases,Obstructive/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - participation
KW  - practice
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 311
EP  - 317
JF  - International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2006 Jul; 13(7): 311-7.(33 ref)
J1  - International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
N2  - Literature linking journal clubs with evidence-based practice is plentiful but largely descriptive in nature. Existing research has tended to focus on how journal clubs are run with limited evidence presented to demonstrate that evidence found has been incorporated into practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential impact participation in a specific journal club had on knowledge of evidence for practice and actual clinical practice. A small-scale exploratory study using pre- and post-questionnaires as a method of data collection was undertaken with seven occupational therapists involved in the journal club. Questionnaire results were analysed qualitatively through content analysis to identify key themes in the data generated. Findings appear indicative of some changes in professional practice and staffs attitude following participation in the journal club with staff reporting an increased awareness of the evidence base for interventions. Specific ideas for future research have evolved from this exploratory study This may act as a catalyst for much needed evaluation in this field
SN  - 1741-1645
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 252
T1  - Recognizing professional advancement of staff
A1  - Micheli,A.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009169728 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Director, Perioperative and Allied Programs, Nursing/Patient Services, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; micheli@childrens.harvard.edu AS - EXCELLENCE NURS KNOWLEDGE. 2004 Aug-Sep; 1p SB - Nursing Journals. Online. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Benner's Professional Advancement Model
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care Nursing
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Pediatric
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Professional Recognition/mt [Methods]
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Staff
KW  - Synergy Model/ut [Utilization]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1p
EP  - Sep
JF  - Excellence in Nursing Knowledge.2004 Aug-Sep; 1p.
N2  - The Professional Advancement Council at Children's Hospital Boston rebuilt the hospital's staff nurse job documents on the Synergy Model, Read about how they adapted the model to reflect a nursing practice and the continuum of practice from ambulatory to critical care nursing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 253
T1  - Journal club. Post-traumatic growth and psychosocial adjustment of daughters of breast cancer survivors
A1  - Mosher,C.E.
A1  - noff-Burg,S.
A1  - Brunker,B.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009169496 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - ONCOL NURS FORUM. 2006 May; 33(3): 543-51. (75 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Adaptation,Psychological
KW  - *Adult Children
KW  - *Breast Neoplasms
KW  - *Cancer Survivors
KW  - *Daughters
KW  - *Personal Growth
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Coping
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Depression
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - History
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Life
KW  - Life Satisfaction
KW  - Mail
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Multivariate Analysis of Variance
KW  - New York
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Optimism
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Personal Growth
KW  - Personal Satisfaction
KW  - Post Hoc Analysis
KW  - Power Analysis
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychological Tests
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Subject Recruitment
KW  - Sample
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Scales
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Summated Rating Scaling
KW  - Support,Psychosocial
KW  - Survivors
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 543
EP  - 551
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2006 May; 33(3): 543-51.(75 ref)
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
N2  - PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine post-traumatic growth, or positive life changes, and its correlates among adult daughters of breast cancer survivors and to compare their psychosocial adjustment to women with healthy parents. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Outpatient oncology units in two urban hospitals and two breast cancer organizations. SAMPLE: 30 adult daughters of breast cancer survivors (mean age = 38.1 years) and 16 women with healthy parents. METHODS: Participants were recruited by hospital or research staff or responded to an announcement in a newsletter. Respondents completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and standardized assessments of psychosocial adjustment. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Post-traumatic growth and demographic, stressor, and psychosocial variables. FINDINGS: Women who cared for their mothers following breast cancer diagnosis and perceived their mothers' illness to be stressful reported greater post-traumatic growth. Life satisfaction, social support, emotional processing strategies, and problem-focused coping strategies also were positively associated with growth. Women with maternal histories of breast cancer and those with healthy parents did not differ in psychosocial well-being, including affect, life satisfaction, and social support. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that some daughters of breast cancer survivors experience positive life changes following their mothers' illness. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: For nurses seeking to adopt a holistic approach to practice, the personal growth of women following life-threatening familial illness warrants attention
SN  - 0190-535X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 254
T1  - Conduct of the study of practice validation survey
A1  - Muenzen,P.M.
A1  - Greenberg,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009169737 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract IN - Director of Research Programs, Professional Examination Service; pat@proexam.org AS - EXCELLENCE NURS KNOWLEDGE. 2004 Aug-Sep; 2p SB - Nursing Journals. Online. USA Journals PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Nursing Care
KW  - *Nursing Practice
KW  - *Patient Classification
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care Nursing
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Outcomes (Health Care)
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Study
KW  - Synergy Model/ut [Utilization]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2p
EP  - Sep
JF  - Excellence in Nursing Knowledge.2004 Aug-Sep; 2p.
J1  - Excellence in Nursing Knowledge
N2  - Read about a recent validation survey that was part of a comprehensive, systematic study of critical care nursing practice using the Synergy Model as a conceptual framework
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 255
T1  - Clinical decision making: fostering critical thinking in the nursing diagnostic process through case studies [German]
A1  - Muller-Staub,M.
A1  - Stuker-Studer,U.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009319759 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - PFLEGE. 2006 Oct; 19(5): 281-6. (49 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Research LG - German
KW  - *Case Studies/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - *Nursing Diagnosis
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Interventions
KW  - Outcomes (Health Care)/ed [Education]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - problems
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Staff Development/mt [Methods]
KW  - Study
KW  - supervision
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 281
EP  - 286
JF  - Pflege.2006 Oct; 19(5): 281-6.(49 ref)
J1  - Pflege
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
N2  - Case studies, based on actual patients' situations, provide a method of clinical decision making to foster critical thinking in nurses. This paper describes the method and process of group case studies applied in continuous education settings. This method bases on Balints' case supervision and was further developed and combined with the nursing diagnostic process. A case study contains different phases: Pre-phase, selection phase, case delineation and case work. The case provider narratively tells the situation of a patient. This allows the group to analyze and cluster signs and symptoms, to state nursing diagnoses and to derive nursing interventions. Results of the case study are validated by applying the theoretical background and critical appraisal of the case provider. Learning effects of the case studies were evaluated by means of qualitative questionnaires and analyzed according to Mayring. Findings revealed the following categories: a) Patients' problems are perceived in a patient centred way, accurate nursing diagnoses are stated and effective nursing interventions implemented. b) Professional nursing tasks are more purposefully perceived and named more precise. c) Professional nursing relationship, communication and respectful behaviour with patients were perceived in differentiated ways. The theoretical framework is described in the paper "Clinical decision making and critical thinking in the nursing diagnostic process". (Muller-Staub, 2006)
SN  - 1012-5302
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 256
T1  - Journal club. A new way of thinking about fatigue: a reconceptualization
A1  - Olson,K.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009383357 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; karin.olson@ualberta.ca AS - ONCOL NURS FORUM. 2007 Jan; 34(1): 93-9. (39 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Cancer Fatigue
KW  - Adaptation,Psychological
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Concepts
KW  - data
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Emotions
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medline
KW  - Models,Theoretical
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Oncologic Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - Sleep
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 99
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2007 Jan; 34(1): 93-9.(39 ref)
J1  - Oncology Nursing Forum
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
N2  - Purpose/Objectives: To present a reconceptualization of fatigue., Data Sources: Studies indexed in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and CancerLit from 1995-2004; studies included in the bibliographies of indexed articles; and five qualitative studies conducted by the author., Data Synthesis: Tiredness and exhaustion are conceptually distinct from fatigue. All three concepts are located along an adaptational continuum in a manner consistent with stress theory., Conclusions: Interventions should focus on the elimination or reduction of stressors and the increase of patients' resistance to stressors., Implications for Nursing: Interventions that prevent or delay progression from tiredness to fatigue will be different from those that prevent or delay progression from fatigue to exhaustion
SN  - 0190-535X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 257
T1  - Evidence-based healthcare: experiences of providing multiprofessional education
A1  - Parkin,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009083849 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Research Practitioner, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Nursing Research Unit, Britten Wing, Sydney St, London, SW3 6NP; c.parkin@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk AS - TRANSPLANT NURSES J. 2005 Nov; 14(3): 11-8. (26 ref) SB - Australia & New Zealand Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Continuing
KW  - educational experience
KW  - educational experiences
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Personnel
KW  - healthcare
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - methods
KW  - Multidisciplinary Care Team
KW  - Needs
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Teams
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 18
JF  - Transplant Nurses' Journal.2005 Nov; 14(3): 11-8.(26 ref)
J1  - Transplant Nurses' Journal
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - The gap between best evidence and best practice still exists, despite the exponential growth of evidence based healthcare (EBHC) citations since 1992. Organisations have moved from whether to teach evidence-based healthcare, to how to teach it, resulting in an explosion of courses and workshops. However, it is rarely taught well, often focusing solely on teaching microskills, such as critical appraisal. In addition, learners have different learning needs and styles and these differences should be reflected in the educational experiences provided to them, A curriculum framework for a 6-day multiprofessional evidence-based healthcare course is described. Using a variety of teaching methods, students gain an understanding of theory as well as practical experience of clinical application. In the past 8 years, 400 students from various health care disciplines have completed the course. The philosophy of 'learning together to work together' in association with a curriculum utilising multiprofessional education to assist professionals to work well together in teams is discussed. An overview of the evaluation of the last 4 years of the course is given
SN  - 1323-5109
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 258
T1  - From... to rectal trumpet. The making of a journal club: tooting our own horn!
A1  - Pereira,A.
A1  - Rivet,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009260027 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - DYNAMICS. 2006 Summer; 17(2): 34-5. (16 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Canada Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Abstract LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care Nursing
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 35
JF  - Dynamics.2006 Summer; 17(2): 34-5.(16 ref)
J1  - Dynamics
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SN  - 1497-3715
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 259
T1  - Professional issues. Changing nursing practice through a nursing journal club
A1  - Pierre,J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009090422 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Gerontological Clinical Nurse Specialist, Ball Memorial Hospital, Muncie, IN AS - MEDSURG NURS. 2005 Dec; 14(6): 390-2. (22 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Medical-Surgical Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Literature
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Academic Medical Centers
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Hospitals,Community
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - strategies
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 390
EP  - 392
JF  - MEDSURG Nursing.2005 Dec; 14(6): 390-2.(22 ref)
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
N2  - As hospitals seek to promote evidence-based nursing practice and improve the quality of bedside nursing care, formation of a nursing journal club can be one strategy to accomplish both goals
SN  - 1092-0811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 260
T1  - Nursing research during nursing training: an experience report and suggestions for its realisation [German]
A1  - Reuschenbach,B.
A1  - Lau,D.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009000690 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - PR INTERNET PFLEGE. 2005 Feb; 7(2): 76-85. (20 ref) SB - Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. European Journals. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals PT - Journal Article, Tables/Charts LG - German
KW  - *Nursing Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research,Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Science
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Theory-Practice Relationship
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 76
EP  - 85
JF  - PR-Internet fur die Pflege.2005 Feb; 7(2): 76-85.(20 ref)
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
N2  - Due to the new training and examination regulations, results of nursing research and methods of nursing science will become even more important in general nursing training. The imparting of basics of nursing science and research methods is recommendable for bridging the gap between theory and practice, as well as for matters of quality assurance. However, little is known about the adequate way to teach research methods and nursing science in class in order to achieve a transfer into everyday routine. To us, it seems important to integrate these issues into other subjects and to transfer the research findings in a practical manner. Hereby, the so-called "project method in education" (Frey, 1998) offers special advantages. As an example, we would like to show how students could acquire basics in nursing science by means of a student project, which investigated patient satisfaction in hospital. Experiences in this school project have shown that nursing students are not only capable of understanding and applying nursing research, but that they are also ready to do so. The reluctance regarding science in general could be reduced, while the understanding of nursing science and nursing research was improved at the same time. After the project, student nurses were more capable of reading nursing literature critically and were able to recognise the relevance of research for daily nursing practice
SN  - 1422-8629
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 261
T1  - "Meta-Jeopardy": the crisis of representation in qualitative metasynthesis
A1  - Sandelowski,M.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009132139 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, #7460 Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; msandelo@email.unc.edu AS - NURS OUTLOOK. 2006 Jan-Feb; 54(1): 10-6. (59 ref) SB - Core Nursing Journals. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Review LG - English
KW  - *Meta Analysis
KW  - *Qualitative Studies
KW  - *Research,Nursing
KW  - *Study Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - Bias (Research)
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Conflict (Psychology)
KW  - Data Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Debates and Debating
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - inquiry
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Narratives
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Nurse Attitudes
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based/am [Administration]
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - Prejudice
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - representation
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Researcher-Subject Relations
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - thought
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 16
JF  - Nursing Outlook.2006 Jan-Feb; 54(1): 10-6.(59 ref)
J1  - Nursing Outlook
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
N2  - The surge of interest in qualitative metasynthesis coincides with qualitative researchers' growing concern over the "crisis of representation." Central to this crisis is the challenge to the assumption that any human subjects inquiry can ever authentically represent those subjects. The crisis of representation is intensified in qualitative metasynthesis projects because of the potentially large differences that can exist between lived and narrated lives, and between participants' accounts and researchers' accounts of those accounts, and because of the virtual lack of difference thought to characterize the relationship between reality and representation. This crisis can be offset by offering critical/discursive readings of research reports in addition to traditional empirical/analytical readings. Reviewers can thereby preserve both truth and representational humility as regulative ideals. Clinicians can thereby better appraise the utilization value of qualitative metasyntheses
SN  - 0029-6554
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 262
T1  - Importance of journal clubs in continuing professional development
A1  - Sherratt,C.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009113388 CN - Fields available in this record: cited references AS - INT J THER REHABIL. 2005 Sep; 12(9): 378. (11 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Professional Development
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 378
JF  - International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2005 Sep; 12(9): 378.(11 ref)
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
SN  - 1741-1645
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 263
T1  - Using critically appraised topics to inform nursing practice in DVT prevention using graduated compression stockings
A1  - Steel,S.
A1  - Peacock,R.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009107485 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Dept of Medicine, Whittington Hospital, Clerkenwell Bldg, London N19 5LW, UK; senga.steel@whittington.nhs.uk AS - J ORTHOP NURS. 2005 Nov; 9(4): 211-7. (10 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Pictorial, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Compression Garments/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Compression Therapy
KW  - *Venous Thrombosis/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cats
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computerized Literature Searching
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making,Clinical
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Inpatients
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Orthopedic Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Risk
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - Uncertainty
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 211
EP  - 217
JF  - Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing.2005 Nov; 9(4): 211-7.(10 ref)
J1  - Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - This article describes how critically appraised topics (CATS) were adapted to support clinicians and managers in evidence-based decision making and how clinical uncertainty can be reduced using this system. The critically appraised topic has been adapted from the original CATS developed in Canada in 1995 [Sauve, et al., 1995. The critically appraised topic: a practical approach to learning critical appraisal. Ann. Roy. Soc. Phys. Surg. Canada. 28, 396-398] and from the centre for evidence-based medicine in Oxford. Our illustrative example relates to the use of anti-embolic stockings in reducing the risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), now more usually called venous thromboembolism, in a range of patient groups including orthopaedic patients
SN  - 1361-3111
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 264
T1  - Fostering skills for evidence-based practice: the student journal club
A1  - Thompson,C.J.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009148793 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, Box C288-18, Denver, CO 80262; cathy.thompson@uchsc.edu AS - NURSE EDUC PRACT. 2006 Mar; 6(2): 69-77. (27 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Forms, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Journal Clubs
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Colleges and Universities
KW  - Colorado
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Expectation
KW  - form
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - nursing students
KW  - participation
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Research,Nursing/ut [Utilization]
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 77
JF  - Nurse Education in Practice.2006 Mar; 6(2): 69-77.(27 ref)
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Critical appraisal skills and, importantly, understanding the decision-making process for whether to use or not use research findings in practice, are essential tools nursing educators need to foster in their students. The use of journal clubs as a teaching strategy for nursing education is an excellent way to raise research awareness, improve professional reading habits and critiquing skills, and involve nursing students to prepare them for the expectation of evidence-based practice. While journal clubs are not new strategies, they seem to be underused in formal nursing education. The purpose of this article is to describe a teaching strategy that can be used for large numbers of students, which fosters critical appraisal skills for research utilization in clinical practice through participation in a university-based student journal club. An evaluation of student perceptions of the impact of the student journal club on raising research awareness and teaching the research process is included
SN  - 1471-5953
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 265
T1  - Appraising the quality of qualitative research
A1  - Walsh,D.
A1  - Downe,S.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009218362 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Senior Lecturer, University of Central Lancashire, 366 Hinckley Road, Leicester LE3 OTN, UK; Denis.walsh@ntlworld.com AS - MIDWIFERY. 2006 Jun; 22(2): 108-19. (43 ref) SB - Nursing Journals. Peer Reviewed Journals. UK & Ireland Journals PT - Journal Article, Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Checklists
KW  - *Instrument Construction
KW  - *Qualitative Studies/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - frameworks
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Qualitative Studies/ei [Ethical Issues]
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Reflection
KW  - representation
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 108
EP  - 119
JF  - Midwifery.2006 Jun; 22(2): 108-19.(43 ref)
J1  - Midwifery
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
N2  - In the process of undertaking a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies of free-standing midwife-led units, the authors of this paper encountered a number of methodologically and epistemologically unresolved issues. One of these related to the assessment of the quality of qualitative research. In an iterative approach to scoping this issue, we identified eight existing checklists and summary frameworks. Some of these publications were opinion based, and some involved a synthesis of pre-existing frameworks. None of them provide a clear map of the criteria used in all their reviewed papers, and of the commonalities and differences between them. We critically review these frameworks and conclude that, although they are epistemologically and theoretically dense, they are excessively detailed for most uses. In order to reach a workable solution to the problem of the quality assessment of qualitative research, the findings from these frameworks and checklists were mapped together. Using a technique we have termed a 'redundancy approach' to eliminate non-essential criteria, we developed our own summary framework. The final synthesis was achieved through reflexive debate and discussion. Aspects of this discussion are detailed here. The synthesis is clearly rooted in a subjectivist epistemology, which views knowledge as constructed and hermeneutic in intent, encompassing individual, cultural and structural representations of reality
SN  - 0266-6138
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 266
T1  - Critical appraisal of an article about harm: chiropractic adjustment and stroke
A1  - Wenban,A.
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009045976 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references AS - J VERTEBRAL SUBLUXATION RES. 2001; 4(3): 68-74. (24 ref) SB - Alternative or Complementary Therapies. Blind Peer Reviewed. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Online. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, Commentary, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Cerebral Vascular Accident/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Manipulation,Chiropractic/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - *Research/ev [Evaluation]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Cerebral Vascular Accident/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Complementary Therapies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Paper
KW  - Professional Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 68
EP  - 74
JF  - Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research.2001; 4(3): 68-74.(24 ref)
J1  - Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
N2  - Observational research suggests that there may exist an association between neck manipulation and stroke. Although the issue of harm is best studied using randomized trials, the rarity of such accidents often make the use of that design impossible. As a result, whether an association exists between an intervention and harmful side-effects is often assessed with controlled observational studies (cohort and case-control studies). This article aims to provide a guide for practicing chiropractors on how to assess the validity of case-control studies concerning harm. Furthermore, this article provides a guide on how to assess the extent to which causal inferences can be made from such studies. The example used is the possible relationship between chiropractic adjustments and stroke. This article is structured through the use of two critical appraisal guidelines, the likes of which are widely promoted and used by the proponents of Evidence-based Medicine. The guidelines propose a series of questions and criteria that allow the different research designs used in studies reporting an association between neck manipulation and vertebrobasilar accidents (VBA's) to be critically appraised. The critical appraisal of a study concerning harm is best achieved using a structured guideline that facilitates assessment of the validity of individual papers and consideration of the extent to which causal inferences can be made. There is no human experimental evidence that chiropractic adjustments, or neck manipulations, are causally related to VBA's. The strength of the inferences that can be made from observational studies carried out to date are severely limited by design issues. Although there may exist a weak association between neck manipulation and VBA's we know very little about the nature of that relationship. The recent publication of a case-control study by Rothwell et al. provides little insight into whether a causal relationship exists between chiropractic adjustments and VBA's
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 267
T1  - Putting evidence into practice: evidence-based interventions to prevent, manage, and treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
A1  - Tipton,J.M.
A1  - McDaniel,R.W.
A1  - Barbour,L.
A1  - Johnston,M.P.
A1  - Kayne,M.
A1  - LeRoy,P.
A1  - Ripple,M.L.
Y1  - 130///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009499475 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Oncology Clinical Nurse Specialist, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH AS - CLIN J ONCOL NURS. 2007 Feb; 11(1): 69-78, 130-4. (75 ref) SB - Double Blind Peer Reviewed. Nursing Journals. Online/Print. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions, Research, Systematic Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Chemotherapy,Cancer/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - *Nausea and Vomiting/ci [Chemically Induced]
KW  - *Nausea and Vomiting/nu [Nursing]
KW  - *Nausea and Vomiting/pc [Prevention and Control]
KW  - *Nursing Practice,Evidence-Based
KW  - *Oncologic Nursing
KW  - Alternative Therapies
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nausea and Vomiting/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Interventions
KW  - Nursing Outcomes
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychological Well-Being
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/cl [Classification]
KW  - Review
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 78
JF  - Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing.2007 Feb; 11(1): 69-78, 130-4.(75 ref)
J1  - Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) continues to have a considerable effect on the physical and psychological well-being of patients with cancer, despite signifi cant advances in antiemetic drugs since the 1990s. This article reviews and summarizes past and current empirical evidence related to interventions for CINV. A resource that summarizes evidence-based interventions for CINV is critical for effective management of this distressing symptom. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are appraised. Finally, gaps in the literature and opportunities for research, education, and practice changes are discussed
SN  - 1092-1095
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 268
T1  - Reasonable accommodations and essential job functions in academic and practice settings
A1  - Gupta,J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - CINAHL UI - 2009038862 CN - Fields available in this record: abstract, cited references IN - Assistant Professor, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, College of St. Catherine, Minneapolis, MN AS - OT PRACT. 2005 Aug 22; 10(15): Suppl: CE-1-CE-8, 2p. (36 ref) SB - Allied Health Journals. Editorial Board Reviewed. Expert Peer Reviewed. Peer Reviewed Journals. USA Journals PT - Journal Article, CEU, Exam Questions, Review, Tables/Charts LG - English
KW  - *Education,Occupational Therapy
KW  - *Employment of Disabled
KW  - *Job Accommodation
KW  - *Occupational Therapy Practice
KW  - academia
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - American Occupational Therapy Association/st [Standards]
KW  - Americans with Disabilities Act
KW  - Article
KW  - Certification
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clients
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Discrimination/lj [Legislation and Jurisprudence]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - Education,Continuing (Credit)
KW  - Employer
KW  - Employment
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
KW  - instruction
KW  - Job Accommodation/lj [Legislation and Jurisprudence]
KW  - Job Description
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - legislation
KW  - Licensure
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Models,Educational
KW  - Needs
KW  - Occupation
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Occupational Therapy Assistants
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - special needs
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Performance Appraisal
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Disabled
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - understanding
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - CE
JF  - OT Practice.2005 Aug 22; 10(15): Suppl: CE-1-CE-8, 2p.(36 ref)
J1  - OT Practice
VL  - 10
IS  - 15
N2  - Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants are expert at adapting and modifying the performance of meaningful occupations and activities for their clients. For many, the chosen meaningful occupation is occupational therapy itself. According to the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) the values of occupational therapy based on inclusion and nondiscrimination also extend to practicing therapists and assistants (AOTA, 1995a). The education programs have to strive to meet the special needs of their students while balancing their obligations to accreditation standards, certification, licensure, fieldwork sites, and future potential employers and clients. A clear understanding of what constitutes essential job functions for a therapist or assistant in practice is critical to effectively and justly serving the individual with a disability as well as all stakeholders. This article will help the reader gain a better understanding of relevant disability legislation and its application to occupational therapy education and employment. In particular, the adoption of universal design for instruction across the continuum of academia, fieldwork, and entry-level practice, and applications for lifelong learning, will provide readers with an innovative framework for appreciating diverse needs and building inclusiveness in our professional community
SN  - 1084-4902
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 269
T1  - Effectiveness of instruction in critical appraisal (evidence-based medicine) skills: a critical appraisal (Structured abstract) 238
A1  - Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
N1  - DB - DARE AN - 00125498-100000000-00341 IN - NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. University of York, York, U.K LG - English PT - Miscellaneous CP - Copyright 2007 University of York <239>
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - instruction
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects 2007;(1)
IS  - 1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 270
T1  - Systematic review of effectiveness of teaching critical appraisal (Structured abstract) 248
A1  - Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
N1  - DB - DARE AN - 00125498-100000000-02509 IN - NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. University of York, York, U.K LG - English PT - Miscellaneous CP - Copyright 2007 University of York <249>
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects 2007;(1)
IS  - 1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 271
T1  - Systematic reviews: Synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Mulrow,C.D.
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997072715 IN - Dr. D.J. Cook, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 4A6; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199700
KW  - *Medical Decision Making
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Planning
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Policy
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 376
EP  - 380
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.Vol.126(5)()(pp 376-380), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 126
IS  - 5
N2  - Systematic reviews can help practitioners keep abreast of the medical literature by summarizing large bodies of evidence and helping to explain differences among studies on the same question. A systematic review involves the application of scientific strategies, in ways that limit bias, to the assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of all relevant studies that address a specific clinical question. A meta-analysis is a type of systematic review that uses statistical methods to combine and summarize the results of several primary studies. Because the review process itself (like any other type of research) is subject to bias, a useful review requires clear reporting of information obtained using rigorous methods. Used increasingly to inform medical decision making, plan future research agendas, and establish clinical policy, systematic reviews may strengthen the link between best research evidence and optimal health care
SN  - 0003-4819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 272
T1  - Doughnut Rounds: A self-directed learning approach to teaching critical care in surgery
A1  - Fleiszer,D.
A1  - Fleiszer,T.
A1  - Russell,R.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997329216 IN - Dr. D. Fleiszer, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal H3G1A4; Canada. E-Mail: dfleize@is.mgh.mcgill.ca CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199700
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Surgical Training
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Canada
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - methods
KW  - Perception
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Resident
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 190
EP  - 193
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.19(3)()(pp 190-193), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 3
N2  - In light of medical students and residents becoming more knowledgeable and vocal in their evaluation of traditional clinical teaching methods, a number of innovative approaches have been tried in our program. We examined a self-directed learning approach to teaching critical care in surgery, known locally as 'Doughnut Rounds', which involve four to seven medical students and/or residents during their surgical intensive care unit (SICU) rotation. They choose the reading material as a group and are expected to formulate 12 questions based on the week's readings. They pose these questions to their colleagues in a 'game show' format. In this scenario, the attending surgeon has only to bring the doughnuts and to act as a moderator during the session. Several weeks following the end of their three-month ICU rotation, 25 students were sent a questionnaire. It was designed to reflect their degree of satisfaction with Doughnut Rounds and their perception of the importance of various components of these teaching sessions. An ordinal scale from 1 to 5 was used. Averages and standard deviations were calculated for each question and for the overall impression of each respondent. Every aspect asked about on the questionnaire was ranked positively. Doughnut Rounds has thus successfully stimulated students to read, think and actively participate in the learning process. It is hoped that the success of Doughnut Rounds will encourage others to experiment with this teaching method
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 273
T1  - The interpretation of clinical trials
A1  - Greenberg,P.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997249948 IN - P. Greenberg, General Medical Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne; Australia CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199700
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - data
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
JF  - Australian Prescriber.Vol.20(3)()(pp 61-64), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 3
N2  - Clinical trials are the foundations of evidence-based treatments. Trials must be critically appraised to confirm the validity of conclusions. Further analysis is required to show if the results from the trial, where patients are carefully selected and followed up in detail, can be extrapolated to other patients and different settings. Data from additional sources including other trials, meta-analyses, practice guidelines, trusted opinions and clinical experiences modify prescribing practices
SN  - 0312-8008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 274
T1  - Medical journals in continuing medical education. [French]
A1  - Le,Maitre M.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997223041 IN - M. Le Maitre, Federation Francaise de FC/Dermatol., 1, Avenue du 6 Juin, 14000 Caen; France CP - France OT - LA PLACE DES PUBLICATIONS DANS LA FMC LG - French PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 199700
KW  - *Dermatology
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Average
KW  - choice
KW  - Dose Time Effect Relation
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - France
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 261
JF  - Nouvelles Dermatologiques.Vol.16(6)()(pp 259-261), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 6
N2  - The average reading time of a French dermatologist is around two hours each week. Before reading, a choice of the best dermatological journals is needed. Reading and critical discussion about medical journals are tools of continuing medical education
SN  - 0752-5370
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 275
T1  - Selecting and appraising studies for a systematic review
A1  - Mulrow,C.
A1  - Cook,D.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997301502 IN - Dr. D. Cook, Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 4A6; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199700
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 531
EP  - 537
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.Vol.127(7)()(pp 531-537), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 127
IS  - 7
N2  - After thoroughly searching the potentially relevant literature for a systematic review, reviewers face the sequential tasks of selecting studies for inclusion and appraising these studies. Methodical, impartial, and reliable strategies are necessary for these two tasks because systematic reviews are retrospective exercises and are therefore prone to both bias and random error. To plan for study selection, reviewers begin with a focused clinical question and choose selection criteria that reflect this question. A detailed selection protocol that specifies the study designs and publication status of articles to be included is often helpful. Selection criteria are itemized on customized forms and are used to examine each potentially relevant primary study, usually by two different reviewers. In planning the critical appraisal of included studies, reviewers decide which clinical and methodologic study features require documentation. After choosing methods for evaluating study quality, reviewers construct customized appraisal forms and an explicit protocol for the actual evaluation. Some of the techniques commonly used to minimize the potential for error in study appraisal include duplicate, independent examination; blinding to study results and other identifying features of each article; and correspondence with study authors to clarify issues. Ultimately, primary studies should be selected, appraised, and reported in sufficient detail to allow readers to judge the applicability of the review to clinical practice and to clarify the strength of the inferences that can be drawn from the review
SN  - 0003-4819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 276
T1  - Critical appraisal workshop in Japan - A short-term evaluation
A1  - Page,J.H.
A1  - Lim,L.L.-Y.
A1  - Heller,R.F.
A1  - Fukuhara,S.
A1  - Ban,N.
A1  - Yamamoto,N.
A1  - Kurokawa,K.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997349971 IN - Dr. L.L. Lim, Ctr. Clin. Epidemiol. Biostatistics, David Maddison Building, Royal Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2300; Australia. E-Mail: mdll@alinga.newcastle.edu.au CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199700
KW  - *Health Care Personnel
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Paper
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 371
EP  - 377
JF  - Education for Health.Vol.10(3)()(pp 371-377), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - 3
N2  - A 2-day workshop aimed at providing skills in the critical appraisal of journal articles among clinicians and nurses was held in Tokyo. Small group evaluations of papers on randomized controlled trials, a diagnostic test and a meta-analysis were performed, and three groups developed different research protocol based on ideas provided by participants. The majority of participants rated the sessions as useful or very useful, they said they would be prepared to pay more than the fee actually charged for the workshop, they said they would recommend it to their colleagues. Twenty of the 24 participants completed anonymous pre- and post-workshop questionnaires. The proportion of participants who gave correct answers to three questions on skills which the workshop had attempted to develop was statistically significantly higher after the workshop. We conclude that a short workshop can sensitize clinicians and nurses to the need to learn skills of critical appraisal and research methods, and increase skills at least in the short term
SN  - 1357-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 277
T1  - Meta-analysis and endocrinology
A1  - Petitti,D.B.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997087402 IN - Dr. D.B. Petitti, Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Region, 393 East Walnut Street, Pasadena, CA 91188; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199700
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - Analysis
KW  - California
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - problems
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 44
JF  - Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinics of North America.Vol.26(1)()(pp 31-44), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 26
IS  - 1
N2  - It is likely that more studies that use meta-analysis will be published in the endocrinologic literature. Major strengths of meta-analysis are the systematic ascertainment of research on a given topic and the explicit delineation of reasons for accepting or rejecting studies as a basis for drawing conclusions. The tendency of meta-analysis to focus on a single estimate of effect and to ignore heterogeneity are problems both with the conduct of meta-analysis and the way in which it is interpreted. Meta- analysis cannot overcome bias in the original studies. It is difficult to perform a good meta-analysis and easy to perform a bad one. The critical reader should not be overawed by the results of a meta-analysis. Reading a meta-analysis should not substitute for careful reading of the primary studies on which the meta-analysis is based. Meta-analysis should not be used to stifle the conduct of original research
SN  - 0889-8529
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 278
T1  - Resources for applying evidence-based medicine in the pediatric intensive care unit
A1  - Randolph,A.G.
A1  - Markovitz,B.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997352289 IN - Dr. A.G. Randolph, Children's Hospital, MICU, Farley 517, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199701
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Review
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 316
EP  - 320
JF  - Journal of Intensive Care Medicine.Vol.12(6)()(pp 316-320), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 6
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is an approach to practicing medicine in which the clinician is aware of the evidence in support of her practice and the strength of that evidence. It requires daily application of systematic methods for finding, appraising, and incorporating the best available evidence in the care of individual patients. The evidence-based medicine approach compliments and enhances clinician expertise. It helps clinicians put the burgeoning medical literature into perspective. This article outlines the rationale of evidence-based medicine and lists resources for learning this approach and for finding repositories of evidence applicable to the critically ill pediatric population. We address the unique challenges posed by the smaller populations typically evaluated in pediatric critical care and practical constraints of incorporating evidence-based medicine into the fast- paced practice of critical care
SN  - 0885-0666
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 279
T1  - The journal club
A1  - Valentini,R.P.
A1  - Daniels,S.R.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1997065220 IN - R.P. Valentini, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Michigan Medical Center, 1521 Simpson Road East, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0297; United States CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199700
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Michigan
KW  - participation
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Resident
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 81
EP  - 85
JF  - Postgraduate Medical Journal.Vol.73(856)()(pp 81-85), 1997.
VL  - Vol. 73
IS  - 856
N2  - As the body of medical literature continues to expand, physicians must develop the necessary skills to keep up with the vast amount of information available. The journal club provides a forum to allow residents to remain current with the literature while also teaching them the methods to evaluate it critically. Those readers wishing to start a journal club or revive an existing one should begin by designating a leader and defining the conference goals. Emphasizing the importance of this conference in the educational process while allowing it to be structured to optimise resident interest and attendance will help to ensure its success. Periodic evaluation of this conference will allow the organisers to assess the concordance of the resident's goals with those of the faculty. Formal evaluation will also provide an objective assessment of the knowledge gained by the house-staff through participation in journal club
SN  - 0032-5473
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 280
T1  - Lionel Sharples Penrose (1898-1972): Aspects of the man and his works, with particular reference to his undertakings in the fields of intellectual disability and mental disorder
A1  - Berg,J.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998253234 IN - Prof. J.M. Berg, Surrey Place Centre, 2 Surrey Place, Toronto, Ont. M5S 2C2; Canada CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199800
KW  - *Intellectual Impairment/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Mental Deficiency/et [Etiology]
KW  - Canada
KW  - Career
KW  - Chromosome Aberration
KW  - Dermatoglyphics
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Down Syndrome/cn [Congenital Disorder]
KW  - Down Syndrome/et [Etiology]
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Heredity
KW  - Human
KW  - Intelligence Test
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Genetics
KW  - Microcephaly
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Research
KW  - Residential Care
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Schizophrenia/et [Etiology]
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 104
EP  - 111
JF  - Journal of Intellectual Disability Research.Vol.42(2)()(pp 104-111), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 42
IS  - 2
N2  - The Penrose Club, named after Professor L. S. Penrose, is a society of academic psychiatrists in the UK with a particular focus on research in the sphere of intellectual disability. The inaugural lecture of the Club was delivered at the Institute of Psychiatry, London, on 29 November 1996. It is distinctly fitting that this lecture should appear in print in the Journal of Intellectual Disability Research in the centenary year of Professor Penrose's birth, both because of his major pioneering contributions to the field with which JIDR is concerned and because he played a crucial role in the founding of the Journal
SN  - 0964-2633
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 281
T1  - Review of the literature, information search and critical reading in the field of oncology. [French]
A1  - Bonichon,F.
A1  - Courtial,F.
A1  - Blanc-Vincent,M.P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998394492 IN - F. Bonichon, Institut Bergonie, 180, rue de Saint-Genes, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex; France CP - France OT - REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE, RECHERCHE D'INFORMATIONS ET LECTURE CRITIQUE D'ARTICLES EN CANCEROLOGIE LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 199900
KW  - *Cancer Research
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Oncology
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical reading
KW  - data
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - Embase
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Documentation
KW  - Medline
KW  - Oncology
KW  - online computer
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 867
EP  - 885
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.85(10)()(pp 867-885), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 85
IS  - 10
N2  - The aim of this paper is to describe: (1) different times where we need to search and to analyse informations and documents in cancer field; (2) the literature process conducting to literature review. It includes, from the formulated question to its answer, the searching of relevant papers, the critical reading of selected papers, the inclusion of clinical research data, or even the elaboration of next research programs which will lead to new papers; (3) different actual means, specially electronic means, to search and select papers: different databases on line or on CD-ROM (Medline, Embase, Cancerlit; Pascal, Toxline, Bioethics, etc.), searching techniques adapted to cancer field, technical equipment required; (4) critical reading of selected papers. It is very easy to obtain lists of hundreds or even thousands of references, and simple rules for selection are needed for entirely reading only a limited number of relevant papers. A compromise is often difficult to find between exhaustivity and limited time we have to search and analyse literature. Synthesis of informations collected in evidence-based comprehensive reviews are useful for helping doctors to implement research results in their treatment practice
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 282
T1  - Appraisal of meta-analysis
A1  - Chakraborty,A.
A1  - Warner,J.P.
A1  - Blizard,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998373850 IN - J.P. Warner, University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG; United Kingdom. E-Mail: warner@rfhsm.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199800
KW  - *Affective Neurosis/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Affective Neurosis/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Meta Analysis
KW  - *Schizophrenia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Schizophrenia/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Computer Assisted Tomography
KW  - control
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - Disorders
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Imaging
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Neuroimaging
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 698
EP  - 701
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.22(11)()(pp 698-701), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 11
N2  - Aims and method: Prompted by a clinical question, we critically appraised a meta-analysis of neuroimaging in our evidence-based journal club. Results: The results of the meta-analysis suggested differences in ventricular size and sulcal width between controls and people with schizophrenia and mood disorders. However, we were unable to answer the question that prompted this exercise. Clinical implications: Although the evidence-based medicine approach facilitates appraisal of complex articles, some clinical questions are not yet answerable
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 283
T1  - How to use practice guidelines in the intensive care unit: Diagnosis and management of unstable angina
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Ellrodt,G.A.
A1  - Calvin,J.
A1  - Levy,M.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998103050 IN - Dr. D.J. Cook, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 4A6; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199800
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - *Glyceryl Trinitrate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Heparin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Intensive Care Unit
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - *Unstable Angina Pectoris/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Unstable Angina Pectoris/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Unstable Angina Pectoris/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 37187-54-5,8057-48-5,8065-01-8,9005-48-5 (heparin)
KW  - 493-53-8,50-78-2,53663-74-4,53664-49-6,63781-77-1 (acetylsalicylic acid)
KW  - 52-26-6,57-27-2 (morphine)
KW  - 55-63-0 (glyceryl trinitrate)
KW  - 9001-15-4 (creatine kinase)
KW  - Aorta Balloon
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Beta Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Calcium Channel Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Canada
KW  - Coronary Artery Dilatation
KW  - Creatine Kinase/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Electrocardiography
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Heart Catheterization
KW  - Heart Muscle Revascularization
KW  - Heart Reinfarction/co [Complication]
KW  - Heart Reinfarction/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Heart Reinfarction/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Intravenous Drug Administration
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Morphine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Oral Drug Administration
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Rectal Drug Administration
KW  - Research
KW  - Resource Allocation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Thorax Radiography
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 599
EP  - 606
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.Vol.26(3)()(pp 599-606), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 26
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective: Practice guidelines are often based on expert opinion, and are sometimes based on research evidence, but are usually a mix of both. The goal of this article is to aid in the evaluation of the validity of practice guidelines. Data Synthesis: The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guideline on Management of Unstable Angina and other relevant primary and synthetic research. Methods: Critical appraisal of guidelines requires understanding how guideline developers identified, appraised, and summarized the evidence, and how they chose the values reflected in their recommendations. To determine whether guidelines are applicable in our practice, we look for clear and concise recommendations about specific populations, describing common options linked to clinically important outcomes. Guidelines must be considered in light of local skills, culture, and resources, and need to be individualized to different patients and settings. Conclusions: As better evidence and new clinical insights emerge, guidelines require updating. The ultimate value of a guideline is determined by evaluating its effect on process of care, resource utilization, and most importantly, patient outcomes
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 284
T1  - Prevention of preterm birth in multiple pregnancy
A1  - Crowther,C.A.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998322041 IN - Dr. C.A. Crowther, Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005; Australia CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199800
KW  - *Multiple Pregnancy
KW  - *Premature Labor/co [Complication]
KW  - *Premature Labor/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Australia
KW  - Bed
KW  - Bed Rest
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetus Outcome
KW  - Home
KW  - Home Monitoring
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Multiple Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Tocolysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Uterine Cervix Cerclage
KW  - Uterus Contraction
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 67
EP  - 75
JF  - Baillieres Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology.Vol.12(1)()(pp 67-75), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 1
N2  - Preterm birth is the greatest threat to the infants in a multiple pregnancy. This chapter focuses on strategies that aim to prevent preterm birth and concentrates on the evidence derived from randomized clinical trials and systematic review of randomized clinical trials. The options to avoid a multiple pregnancy are briefly considered. Interventions that aim to prolong pregnancy, including prophylactic cervical cerclage, prophylactic tocolysis, home uterine activity monitoring and hospitalization for bed rest, are critically appraised, as are interventions that aim to improve the outcome of preterm birth. Interventions that require additional evaluation are highlighted
SN  - 0950-3552
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 285
T1  - Evidence-based medicine
A1  - Daya,S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998136501 IN - Prof. S. Daya, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. LAN 3Z5; Canada. E-Mail: dayas@fhs.csu.mcmaster.ca CP - Egypt LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199800
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Observation
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 8
JF  - Middle East Fertility Society Journal.Vol.3(1)()(pp 4-8), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 1
N2  - The ever-expanding volume of medical literature makes it more difficult to keep up with current clinical information. In addition, the physician's knowledge of up-to-date care is inversely correlated with the amount of time since graduating from medical school. These facts, and the observation that traditional Continuing Medical Education programs are not successful in improving clinical performance, emphasise the need for physicians to acquire the skills necessary to appraise the literature critically so that the best quality evidence can be selected and applied to clinical care. Evidence- based medicine is becoming an increasingly important new paradigm because of its ability to assist clinicians in making decisions about clinical management. This approach has resulted in the traditional, opinion-based review article becoming less useful and is now being replaced by the more structured, systematic review which is a synthesis of information n a clinical area using scientific principles. The skills necessary for learning and practising evidence based medicine are not difficult to learn and should be acquired so that the concepts of good clinical practice and good clinical research can be integrated into an approach to clinical decision making that is effective and appropriate
SN  - 1110-5690
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 286
T1  - Interpreting and using clinical trials
A1  - Doig,G.S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998261853 IN - G.S. Doig, London Health Sciences Centre, 375 South St., London, Ont. N6A 4G5; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199800
KW  - *Clinical Trial
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 513
EP  - 524
JF  - Critical Care Clinics.Vol.14(3)()(pp 513-524), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 3
N2  - In 1754, aboard HMS Salisbury, James Lind conducted a simple, controlled clinical trial. He took 12 patients with 'pale and bloated skin, listlessness, an aversion to exercise, swollen gums, halitosis, ecchymotic mucous membranes, and limb edema' and allocated them to receive treatment with one of six different therapies. Since the patients receiving two of his six chosen interventions had such a dramatic recovery, he felt ethically obligated to end his trial and administer these treatments to all the remaining sailors. Today we fully recognize the impact that the controlled clinical trial can have on the development of new interventions. Unfortunately, very few of these interventions are likely to have as dramatic an impact on outcomes as lemons and oranges did on scurvy. Because the interventions we study tend to have relatively small treatment effects, and because the design and reporting of published RCTs has consistently been documented to be less than perfect, there is a real need for us to develop critical appraisal skills. This article is by no means the only approach to critical appraisal, but hopefully it serves as an adequate starting point for the journey
SN  - 0749-0704
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 287
T1  - The concept of <<Evidence-based medicine>>. [French]
A1  - Durieux,P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998413141 IN - P. Durieux, Hopital Cochin, Service de Sante Publique, UFR Broussais-Hotel Dieu, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, F75014 Paris; France. E-Mail: pierre.durieux@cch.ap-hop-paris.fr CP - France OT - EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE: UNE MEDECINE NORMALISEE OU LA PROMOTION DE L'ESPRIT CRITIQUE? LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 199900
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Technology
KW  - Witness
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1900
EP  - 1904
JF  - Presse Medicale.Vol.27(37)()(pp 1900-1904), 1998.Date of Publication: 28 NOV 1998.
VL  - Vol. 27
IS  - 37
N2  - The concept of <<Evidence-based medicine>> has become very popular. It has been defined as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This new concept has its science (clinical epidemiology), its tools (critical appraisal of the medical literature), its network (the Cochrane collaboration), its internet site and its journal (<<Evidence-Based Medicine>>). There are many reasons which can explain the development of <<Evidence-based medicine>>: no one can keep up to date with the relevant evidence in his field of interest and there are unexplained variations of practice. Clinical practice guidelines developed to assist practitioners and technology assessment to assist health policy makers are two witnesses of the importance of a <<evidence-based medicine>>. New terms are now popularized: <<evidence-based health policy>>, <<evidence-based rationing>> or <<evidence- based patient information>>. However, <<Evidence-based medicine>> has also some potential obstacles: inadequacy of available information, difficulties to use the results of clinical research in routine practice, difficulties for health policy makers or patients to interpret research results. <<Evidence- based medicine>> should not be regarded as a panacea. It is simply a new tool to improve knowledge for the care of individual patients
SN  - 0755-4982
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 288
T1  - Public health training for general practitioners
A1  - Graffy,J.
A1  - Foster,S.
A1  - Jacobson,B.
A1  - Layzell,S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998387059 IN - J. Graffy, Statham Grove Surgery, London N16 9DP; United Kingdom. E-Mail: j.graffy@qmw.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *General Practitioner
KW  - *Public Health
KW  - *Vocational Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Role
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 417
EP  - 421
JF  - Education for General Practice.Vol.9(4)()(pp 417-421), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 9
IS  - 4
N2  - Recent changes in the NHS have given general practitioners a key role in determining the pattern of health care provision at a local level. However, few general practitioners have had formal training for this. This article describes a joint training post in general practice and public health medicine which was established to meet this need. The main objectives of the post focused on learning about needs assessment, critical appraisal and evaluating services, but the registrar also played a full role in the Department of Public Health medicine. During the year, she carried out a needs assessment project which evaluated local back pain services. Linking two disciplines in a joint post had a number of benefits, but the difficulties involved in joint posts are also discussed. The paper concludes by considering the training general practitioners need for work in a primary care-led NHS
SN  - 1367-8523
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 289
T1  - Clinical effectiveness: A multi-disciplinary educational needs assessment in the West Midlands
A1  - Houghton,G.
A1  - Mendes da,Costa B.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998393523 IN - G. Houghton, W Midland Evidence Support Med Union, 27 Highfield Road, Birmingham B15 3DP; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Workshop
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teams
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 142
EP  - 145
JF  - Journal of Clinical Effectiveness.Vol.3(4)()(pp 142-145), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 4
N2  - The Evidence Supported Medicine Union (EMU) was formed in the West Midlands to introduce and develop the ideas of evidence-based medicine into general and hospital practice. To understand the educational needs of multi-disciplinary members of acute trusts, a series of half-day workshops were planned. All acute trusts accepted the invitation to send multi-disciplinary teams - delegates attended in total in groups varying from one to nine. The major needs of acute trusts were: 1. critical appraisal skills, 2. multi-disciplinary training workshops, 3. prioritizing areas for evidence-based medicine, and 4. linking evidence-based medicine into clinical audit
SN  - 1361-5874
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 290
T1  - Clinical effectiveness - The new challenge for MAAGs
A1  - Houghton,G.
A1  - Sproston,B.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998363108 IN - G. Houghton, Birmingham MAAG, Birmingham MAAG, St Chads Court, 213 Hagley Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B16 9RG; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199800
KW  - *Medical Audit
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Authority
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - challenge
KW  - Change Management
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - professionals
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
JF  - Audit Trends.Vol.6(2)()(pp 50-53), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: To assess how far MAAGs have taken on the role of clinical effectiveness agencies. Design: Questionnaire to all MAAGs in England and Wales to request information on library services, guideline production, critical appraisal skills and availability of evidence based medicine and clinical effectiveness literature offered by MAAGs to primary health care professionals in their localities. Results: 83/105 = 79% response rate. 59% of MAAGs report specific guidelines programmes, over half in collaboration with health authorities and/or LMCs. Three quarters have members with critical appraisal skills. Over two thirds offer access to the Cochrane database and over half have their own CD-Rom facilities. 98% have access to major libraries, and 82% have developed their own library. Conclusions: The majority of MAAGs are incorporating the elements of clinical effectiveness into their clinical audit programmes, MAAGs display the ability to change themselves in response to local and national needs, and can act as change management agents for primary health care
SN  - 1352-7797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 291
T1  - UKPDS - Critical appraisal according to evidence-based medicine criteria. [German]
A1  - Muhlhauser,I.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998410692 IN - Dr. I. Muhlhauser, Universitat Hamburg, IGTW - Gesundheit, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg; Germany CP - Germany OT - UKPDS - DARSTELLUNG NACH EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE KRITERIEN LG - German PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Diabetes Mellitus/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Diabetes Mellitus/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Diabetes Mellitus/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - 9004-10-8 (insulin)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diabetes Control
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - Insulin Treatment
KW  - Insulin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - journal
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Relative
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Management
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 267
EP  - 273
JF  - Diabetes und Stoffwechsel.Vol.7(6)()(pp 267-273), 1998.Date of Publication: 20 NOV 1998.
VL  - Vol. 7
IS  - 6
N2  - The UKPDS has reported its results as relative risk reductions and p- values. According to evidence-based medicine criteria for the critical appraisal of treatment studies results should also be reported as absolute risk reductions and numbers needed to treat (NNT). For the aggregate endpoint 'any diabetes related endpoint' 46% of the conventional blood glucose treatment group and 41% of the intensively treated patients had at least one endpoint after a mean treatment period of approximately 10 years. This corresponds to an absolute risk reduction of 5%, which means that 5% of the patients or every 20th patient could prevent at least one diabetes related endpoint over a time period of 10 years. The remaining 95% patients or 19 of 20 patients had no advantage through a 10 years period of intensified blood glucose therapy, either because they would not have experienced such an event even during conventional treatment (54%) or because they had experienced such an event despite intensified therapy (41%). Presentation of study results should include the reporting of absolute risk reductions and NNT in order to enable physicians and patients to participate in informed treatment decision making
SN  - 0942-0037
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 292
T1  - How to appraise an article on diagnosis
A1  - Rampes,H.
A1  - Warner,J.P.
A1  - Blizard,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998299657 IN - J.P. Warner, University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Free Hosp. School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2QG; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199800
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Article
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Population
KW  - Psychiatric Diagnosis
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - School
KW  - Screening
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 506
EP  - 509
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.22(8)()(pp 506-509), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 8
N2  - In our evidence-based journal club we appraised an article investigating the use of the CAGE questions in screening psychiatric populations for alcohol misuse. We calculated a likelihood ratio of four for a score of two or more positive CAGE questions, suggesting the CAGE is a moderately useful screening instrument
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 293
T1  - Evidence-based healthcare: A critical appraisal
A1  - Reerink,E.
A1  - Walshe,K.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998243542 IN - Dr. K. Walshe, Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom. E-Mail: k.m.j.walshe@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Note EM - 199800
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - healthcare
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Note
KW  - Publication
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Supplement.Vol.91(35), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 91
IS  - 35
SN  - 0267-5331
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 294
T1  - Appraisal of clinical effectiveness - An ACE approach to promoting evidence-based therapy
A1  - Richardson,B.
A1  - Jerosch-Herold,C.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998393524 IN - Dr. B. Richardson, School Occup. Therapy Physiotherapy, School of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ; United Kingdom. E-Mail: b.richardson@uea.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Workshop
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Needs
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - School
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workplace
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 146
EP  - 150
JF  - Journal of Clinical Effectiveness.Vol.3(4)()(pp 146-150), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 4
N2  - This article reports the evaluation of two workshops to develop evidence-based practice (EBP) in occupational therapy and physiotherapy. An innovative approach was taken in the design of workshops on critical appraisal which specifically addressed needs of therapists to appraise clinical effectiveness (ACE). The background to the workshops is given and the evaluative process and a summary of the findings presented. The statistical analysis indicates that there is a significant difference (P = 0.0001) in self-reported knowledge before and after the workshops. The evaluation highlights the differing needs of health care professional groups in establishing a culture of EBP in their workplaces
SN  - 1361-5874
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 295
T1  - A health sciences track developed and implemented jointly by a medical school faculty and a regional high school
A1  - Sperber,A.D.
A1  - Marcus,N.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998139430 IN - Dr. A.D. Sperber, Soroka Medical Center, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 84101; Israel. E-Mail: Amy@bgumail.bgu.ac.il CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199800
KW  - *Health Education
KW  - *High School
KW  - *Medical School
KW  - Article
KW  - Atherosclerosis
KW  - Cancer
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Genetics
KW  - health
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Science
KW  - High School
KW  - high schools
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - supervision
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 138
EP  - 141
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.20(2)()(pp 138-141), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 2
N2  - An extra-curricular health sciences program for 11th and 12th graders, which was designed and implemented jointly by a medical school faculty and its students, together with the staff of a regional high school, is described. The Israel Ministry of Education recognized the program as one of the 12 most innovative educational programs of the year in Israel. It consists of integrative courses on atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, malignancy and genetics, a research methodology course, a course on critical scientific reading, and an optional thesis or research project which the pupils can do under the supervision of members of the medical school faculty. Many medical students are involved in the planning and implementation of the program. The objectives of the program, its curriculum and experience with the first three classes are described. The medical school has now begun programs based on the one described here, in Bedouin high schools and in high schools in lower-class development towns in southern Israel
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 296
T1  - The practice of evidence-based journal clubs [4]
A1  - Walker,N.P.
A1  - McConville,P.
A1  - Dewar,I.G.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998333876 IN - N.P. Walker, University of Aberdeen, Department of Mental Health, Clinical Research Centre, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZH; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 199800
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Clinical Education
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 640
EP  - 641
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.22(10)()(pp 640-641), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 10
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 297
T1  - How to appraise clinical guidelines
A1  - Warner,J.P.
A1  - Blizard,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1998404127 IN - J.P. Warner, University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Free Hospital School Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2QG; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Antidepressant Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - 54739-18-3 (fluvoxamine)
KW  - 61337-67-5 (mirtazapine)
KW  - 61869-08-7 (paroxetine)
KW  - 79617-96-2 (sertraline)
KW  - 93413-69-5 (venlafaxine)
KW  - 98769-81-4 (reboxetine)
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Depression/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Female
KW  - Fluvoxamine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Mirtazapine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Paroxetine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Reboxetine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Sertraline/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Tricyclic Antidepressant Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Tricyclic Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - Venlafaxine/dt [Drug Therapy]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 759
EP  - 761
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.22(12)()(pp 759-761), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 12
N2  - Aims and method. We critically appraised clinical guidelines for the use of antidepressants, using an evidence-based approach. Results. We were unable to identify recent guidelines. The appraisal tool we used failed to identify some of the difficulties now apparent when considering the validity and utility of guidelines. Clinical implications. Critical appraisal tools are useful in providing a framework for assessing published material, but run the risk of blinding us with their simplicity
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 298
T1  - Continuing physiotherapy education courses: A critical appraisal
A1  - Bardin,L.D.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999103538 IN - L.D. Bardin, 42 Firmount Rd, Somerset West 7130; South Africa. E-Mail: pgbardin@iafrica.com CP - South Africa LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Physiotherapy
KW  - Africa
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - form
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - South Africa
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 12
JF  - South African Journal of Physiotherapy.Vol.54(1)()(pp 10-12), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 54
IS  - 1
N2  - The importance of Continuing Physiotherapy Education (CPE) courses as an aspect of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is discussed. Using a questionnaire, a study was conducted to assess various aspects pertaining to a CPE course on 'Mobilisation of the Nervous System'. Results showed that a majority of participants favoured courses of one day duration and were interested in further courses on this topic. This and a subsequent course on the same subject were rated (0-10) by the participants and compared. The second course achieved a higher mean score (9.3 versus 8.0) and 10/10 score (47% versus 12%, p < 0.05) compared to the first course. The results suggest that improved course presentation and materials can be achieved, based on the analysis of information gained from the use of questionnaires completed by course participants. Evaluation of CPE courses is valuable and should form an integral part of CPE course planning, preparation and modification
SN  - 0379-6175
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 299
T1  - Prognostic factors in head and neck oncology: A critical appraisal for use in clinical practice
A1  - Chiesa,F.
A1  - Tradati,N.
A1  - Mauri,S.
A1  - Calabrese,L.
A1  - Grigolato,R.
A1  - Giugliano,G.
A1  - Zurrida,S.
A1  - Chiesa,E.
A1  - Squadrelli,M.
A1  - Viale,G.
A1  - Maiorano,E.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999031551 IN - Dr. F. Chiesa, Head and Neck Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milano; Italy. E-Mail: fchiesa@ieo.it CP - Greece LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Head and Neck Cancer
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Classification
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Confusion
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Greece
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Head
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Oncology
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Reliability
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4769
EP  - 4776
JF  - Anticancer Research.Vol.18(6 B)()(pp 4769-4776), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 18
IS  - 6 B
N2  - Background: An ideal prognostic factor would provide information about the biological behaviour of a tumour, permitting the prediction of the outcome and response to therapy. Nowadays there is a considerable confusion concerning the value, significance and use of the know prognostic factors in head and neck cancer. Material and Methods: A meta-analysis of works published in literature between 1993 and August 1997 on prognostic factors in head and neck oncology was carried out. Results: Prognostic factors were analysed and classifield according to Wennenberg in the following groups: patient-related factors, tumour-related factors and factors predicting response to therapy. Conclusions: We propose a classification of prognostic factors in head and neck cancer according to their significance and reliability: factors of proven significance and experimental factors. The classification might be useful to select guidelines to use in clinical practice
SN  - 0250-7005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 300
T1  - Adjudicating ventilator-associated pneumonia in a randomized trial of critically ill patients
A1  - Cook,D.
A1  - Walter,S.
A1  - Freitag,A.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
A1  - Devitt,H.
A1  - Meade,M.
A1  - Griffith,L.
A1  - Sarabia,A.
A1  - Fuller,H.
A1  - Turner,M.
A1  - Gough,K.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999011592 IN - Dr. D. Cook, Department of Medicine, St Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 4A6; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Assisted Ventilation
KW  - *Critical Illness
KW  - *Pneumonia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - 54182-58-0 (sucralfate)
KW  - 66357-35-5,66357-59-3 (ranitidine)
KW  - Article
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Double Blind Procedure
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Intravenous Drug Administration
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Diagnosis
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Note
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Oral Drug Administration
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Ranitidine/ad [Drug Administration]
KW  - Ranitidine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Ranitidine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Sucralfate/ad [Drug Administration]
KW  - Sucralfate/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Sucralfate/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Teams
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 163
JF  - Journal of Critical Care.Vol.13(4)()(pp 159-163), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 4
N2  - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate an adjudication strategy for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a randomized trial. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind trial of sucralfate versus ranitidine, one of four pairs of adjudicators examined each case of clinically suspected VAP. Nurse and physician notes and all relevant laboratory data were allocated to each adjudication pair in groups of five patients. Each reader in the pair decided whether the patient had VAP; differences were resolved by consensus discussion. Results: The overall unadjusted study odds ratio for VAP was 0.82 (P = .21) representing a trend toward less pneumonia with sucralfate compared with ranitidine. The odds ratio adjusted for adjudication pair was 0.85 (P = .27). The proportion of charts adjudicated as VAP positive among pairs ranged from 50% to 92%; crude agreement between readers in each pair varied from 50% to 82%. When adjudicators disagreed, the final consensus was split evenly between the two adjudicators' initial opinions in two pairs; in the other two pairs, the final decision reflected one dominant initial opinion. Personnel time to adjudicate all patients with a suspicion of VAP was 74 days. Conclusions: Though adjudication of outcomes such as VAP is time-consuming, consistent decision-making requires strict criteria, training, and calibration. Patients should be assigned to adjudication teams through random allocation
SN  - 0883-9441
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 301
T1  - Luncheon journal clubs as a CME alternative [2]
A1  - Lo,A.Y.S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999074754 CP - Hong Kong LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 199900
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Fibrinolytic Therapy
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Ischemic Heart Disease/su [Surgery]
KW  - Ischemic Heart Disease/th [Therapy]
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Stent
KW  - Treatment Planning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 663
EP  - 665
JF  - Hong Kong Practitioner.Vol.20(12)()(pp 663-665), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 12
SN  - 1027-3948
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 302
T1  - Systematic reviews of trials and other studies
A1  - Sutton,A.J.
A1  - Abrams,K.R.
A1  - Jones,D.R.
A1  - Sheldon,T.A.
A1  - Song,F.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999145712 IN - A.J. Sutton, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University of Leicester, Leicester; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199900
KW  - *Biomedical Technology Assessment
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analytic Method
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arm
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - Bayes Theorem
KW  - choice
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Confounding Variable
KW  - Consensus
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - definition
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Embase
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Exercise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Registries
KW  - Relative
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scales
KW  - Science
KW  - Sensitivity Analysis
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Survival
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 111
EP  - 272
JF  - Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England).Vol.2(19)()(pp 111-272), 1998.
VL  - Vol. 2
IS  - Winchester, England
N2  - Objectives: Systematic review and meta-analytical methods are already common approaches to the assessment of health technology and related areas, and increasing adoption of such approaches may be foreseen, in part in response to increasingly wide emphasis on evidence-based approaches to medicine and health care. This report is intended: to identify applications of systematic review and meta-analytical methods in Health Technology Assessment (HTA), to promote further, appropriate use of such approaches in these areas of application, to begin to identify priorities for further methodological developments in this field. How the review was conducted. Systematic literature searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) Science/Social Science electronic databases and the Cochrane methods database were carried out to find relevant articles. Relevant reference collections of the study team were pooled. Grey literature and unpublished articles were obtained by writing to prominent researchers, and through the Internet; further papers were identified by inspecting the reference lists of all previously obtained articles. Review findings: A large number of papers concerning methodology relevant to different aspects of systematic reviews were identified. While the ordering of the report follows the stages involved in carrying out a systematic review, it is highly structured in a way which enables readers with specific interests to locate particularly relevant sections easily. The main features of the report are now summarised briefly in turn. A brief overview of the important issues to be considered prior to the appraisal and synthesis of studies, including a critical appraisal of search methods, is presented. Methodology for critical appraisal of the research evidence, including ways of assessing the quality of the primary studies, and its incorporation into a review, is explored. No consensus has been developed as to which method is most appropriate for doing this. An important consideration is the possibility of heterogeneity between study outcome estimates. Many assessments and formal tests for detecting heterogeneity are described. Methods for accounting/adjusting for heterogeneity are identified and assessed. No consensus has been reached concerning the best strategy for dealing with heterogeneity; currently a large degree of subjectivity is required on the part of the reviewer. Both classical and Bayesian statistical approaches have been developed to combine study estimates. These encompass the relatively simple fixed effect approaches, through random effects models, to more sophisticated hierarchical modelling. The more complex methods were largely devised to deal with heterogeneous outcomes, systematic variation between studies, and the need to incorporate a fuller set of components of variability into the model. Several of these methods have come under criticism; it is concluded that neither fixed nor random effect analyses can be considered ideal. In addition to these general methods, approaches specific to particular outcome scales/measures, and data types are identified. These include methods for combining ordinal, binary, and continuous outcomes; survival data; diagnostic test data; correlated outcomes; individual patient data; single arm studies; cross-over trials; and finally, studies of differing designs. While some of these methods have become standard, others are less commonly used and so are at early stages of development. Problems encountered by meta-analysts were identified. Two potentially serious ones are publication bias and missing data. Methods for detecting/adjusting for publication bias exist, and others are currently being developed. The validity of most is largely undetermined. Additionally, long-term policy measures such as registries for all trials have been suggested. Dealing with missing data within a meta-analysis has not been considered to the same extent. General methods do exist (in other literatures), but many of them are untested in a meta-analytical setting. Further issues identified include methods used to report the results of systematic reviews; use of sensitivity analyses; prospective meta-analysis; and alternatives to traditional meta-analysis. Several of the key methods are illustrated using a dataset comprising cholesterol lowering studies. Recommendations: Recommendations for good practice for the most part follows standard and widely agreed approaches. Greater latitude in the nature of studies potentially eligible for review, including non-randomised studies and the results of audit exercises, for example, may, however, be appropriate. The key stages are (with extensions and/or less widely agreed aspects in parentheses): 1. Specification in a protocol of the objectives, hypotheses (in both biological and health care terms), scope, and methods of the systematic review, before the study is undertaken. 2. Compilation of as comprehensive a set of reports as possible of relevant primary studies, having searched for all potentially relevant data, clearly documenting all search methods and sources. 3. Assessment of the methodological quality of the set of studies (the method being based on the extent to which susceptibility to bias is minimised, and the specific system used reported). Any selection of studies on quality or other criteria should be based on clearly stated a priori specifications. The reproducibility of the procedures in 2 and 3 should also be assessed. 4. Identification of a common set of definitions of outcome, explanatory and confounding variables, which are, as far as possible, compatible with those in each of the primary studies. 5. Extraction of estimates of outcome measures and of study and subject characteristics in a standardised way from primary study documentation, with due checks on extractor bias. Procedures should be explicit, unbiased and reproducible. 6. Perform, where warranted by the scope and characteristics of the data compiled, quantitative synthesis of primary study results (meta- analysis) using appropriate methods and models (clearly stated), in order to explore and allow for all important sources of variation (e.g. differences in study quality, participants, in the dose, duration, or nature of the intervention, or in the definitions and measurement of outcomes). This will often involve the use of mixed/hierarchical models, including fixed covariates to explain some elements of between-study variation, in combination with random effects terms. 7. Performance of a narrative or qualitative summary, where data are too sparse, or of too low quality, or too heterogeneous to proceed with a statistical aggregation (meta-analysis). In such cases the process of conduct and reporting should still be rigorous and explicit. 8. Exploration of the robustness of the results of the systematic review to the choices and assumptions made in all of the above stages. In particular, the following should be explained or explored: a) the impact of study quality/inclusion criteria b) the likelihood and possible impact of publication bias c) the implications of the effect of different model selection strategies, and exploration of a reasonable range of values for missing data from studies with uncertain results. 9. Clear presentation of key aspects of all of the above stages in the study report, in order to enable critical appraisal and replication of the systematic review. These should include a table of key elements of each primary study. Graphical displays can also assist interpretation, and should be included where appropriate. Confidence intervals around pooled point estimates should be reported. 10. Appraisal of methodological limitations of both the primary studies and the systematic review. Any clinical or policy recommendations should be practical and explicit, and make clear the research evidence on which they are based. Proposal of a future research agenda should include clinical and methodological requirements as appropriate. Further areas of research related to the methods used for systematic reviews: Two priority areas are indicated below. Additionally, other areas needing further research are highlighted. Priority topics: Sensitivity analysis of the impact of many aspects of the design and analysis of the systematic review, and in particular of the meta-analysis, has been advocated. The result is a complex set of inter-related sensitivity analyses. Research into optimum, or at least efficient, strategies of multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis in these contexts would thus be useful. Evaluation of the role in HTA of meta-analysis of observational studies, and cross-design synthesis (which often features the inclusion of non-randomised evidence), possibly through systematic research and workshops of researchers active in the field. Other areas needing further research: Study quality. Investigation into the relevant dimensions of methodological quality and empirical research which establishes the relative importance of these dimensions in different contexts. This should eventually lead to the development of rigorous, validated, and parsimonious scales which can be adapted to a wide range of studies. Exploration of study quality as an explanation of heterogeneity. Empirical investigation into the basis for choice of cut-off values for exclusion of studies on grounds of quality. Systematic approaches to quality assessments of non-randomised controlled trials. Heterogeneity. Further investigation of its relationship with publication bias. Development of guidelines/recommendations for identifying and exploring heterogeneity. Investigation of degree of heterogeneity (both quantitative and qualitative) beyond which combining of all the studies should not be considered. Investigation into the effects of choice of measurement scale from both: a) a statistical perspective, and b) a clinical perspective
SN  - 1366-5278
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 303
T1  - A novel method of guideline development for the diagnosis and management of mild to moderate hypertension
A1  - Adams,J.L.
A1  - Fitzmaurice,D.A.
A1  - Heath,C.M.
A1  - Loudon,R.F.
A1  - Riaz,A.
A1  - Sterne,A.
A1  - Thomas,C.P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999092404 IN - Dr. J.L. Adams, Department of General Practice, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Hypertension/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Alpha Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Beta Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Calcium Channel Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Consultation
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Diuretic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hormone Substitution
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Primary Medical Care
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Teams
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thiazide Diuretic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 179
JF  - British Journal of General Practice.Vol.49(440)()(pp 175-179), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 49
IS  - 440
N2  - Background. There are large numbers of clinical guidelines available covering many clinical areas. However, the variable quality of their content has meant that doctors may have been offered advice that has been poorly researched or is of a conflicting nature. It has been shown that local involvement in guideline development increases the likelihood of their use. Aim. To develop a guideline to be used by general practitioners in six practices in Birmingham from existing evidence-based guidelines. Method. Recommendations from the four most cited international hypertension guidelines, and the more recently published New Zealand guidelines, were divided into subject areas and tabulated to facilitate direct comparison. Where there was complete or majority (>= 3/5) agreement, the recommendation was taken as acceptable for inclusion in the new guideline. Where there was disagreement (<= 2/5), recommendations were based on the best available evidence following a further MEDLINE literature search and critical appraisal of the relevant literature. Each recommendation was accompanied by a grade of evidence (A-D), as defined by the Canadian Hypertension Society, and an 'action required' statement of either 'must', 'should', or 'could', based on the Eli-Lilly National Clinical Audit Centre Hypertension Audit criteria. The recommendations were summarized into a guideline algorithm and a supporting document. The final format of both parts of the guideline was decided after consultation with the practice teams. The practices individually decided on methods of data collection. Results. The guideline was presented as a double-sided, A4 laminated sheet and an A4 bound supporting document containing a synthesis of the original guidelines in tabular form, a table of the resulting recommendations, and appendices of current literature reviews on areas of disagreement. The content of the final Birmingham Clinical Effectiveness Group (BCEG) guideline differed minimally from any of the original guidelines. Conclusion. The main strength of this method of guideline development may lie, not in the actual content of the resulting guideline, but in the strength of ownership felt by the BCEG and the practices following its development. While the full process is unlikely to be possible for general practitioners working outside an academic environment, the techniques used could provide a framework for practitioners to adapt national and international guidelines for use at a local level
SN  - 0960-1643
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 304
T1  - A survey of cancer curricula in Australian and New Zealand medical schools in 1997
A1  - Barton,M.B.
A1  - Simons,R.G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999087017 IN - Dr. M.B. Barton, Simpson Ctr Hlth Service Innovation, Liverpool Area Health Service, PO Box 103, Liverpool, NSW 2170; Australia. E-Mail: michael.barton@swsahs.nsw.gov.au CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Cancer
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Australia and New Zealand
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Pain
KW  - Cancer Palliative Therapy
KW  - Cancer Radiotherapy
KW  - Cancer Staging
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - content
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Economics
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Pain
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 225
EP  - 227
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia.Vol.170(5)()(pp 225-227), 1999.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 1999.
VL  - Vol. 170
IS  - 5
N2  - Objective: To assess teaching about cancer in medical schools in Australia and New Zealand. Design and setting: Postal survey of all 12 Australian and New Zealand medical schools in 1997. Participants: The Dean (or a nominee) of each medical school and the representative of each university on the Oncology Education Committee (OEC) of the Australian Cancer Society. Outcome measures: Curriculum content, clinical placements and forms of teaching and assessment related to cancer; presence and composition of cancer curriculum planning, and assessment groups. Results: 22 responses were received from 10 medical schools (from nine Deans or nominees and 13 OEC representatives). Implementation of cancer teaching and overall course structure varied considerably between schools. Nine of these 10 schools had a 'cancer planning group', and four were using problem-based learning. Only five schools could readily provide detailed curriculum maps. Courses covered most areas of basic acid clinical sciences outlined in the ACS ideal curriculum; chemotherapy and palliative care were taught in all courses, but other subjects were covered less often leg, clinical staging, radiation oncology and pain management were taught in nine schools, critical evaluation of medical literature in seven, and economic evaluation in five). Teaching on cancer in clinical placements also varied considerably leg, one school devoted no time to palliative care). Discussion: There has been some improvement in delivery of cancer education in medical schools since 1993, but considerable variation in teaching practice and implementation remains. Difficulty in determining details of course content led directly to difficulty in assessing the quality of teaching about cancer
SN  - 0025-729X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 305
T1  - Using information systems to improve practice
A1  - Bates,D.W.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999432982 IN - Dr. D.W. Bates, Div. of General Med./Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115; United States CP - Switzerland LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200000
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - data
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Role
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1913
EP  - 1919
JF  - Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift.Vol.129(49)()(pp 1913-1919), 1999.Date of Publication: 11 DEC 1999.
VL  - Vol. 129
IS  - 49
N2  - Information systems are becoming a key tool for improving and measuring practice. They can improve care by providing decision support during routine care, by making important information more readily accessible, by pointing out redundancies, by suggesting alternatives, and by making guidelines accessible. Key domains, which are particularly amenable to such decision support, include drug prescribing, test ordering and implementation of critical pathways. In addition to their role in quality improvement, information systems can accomplish most quality measurement if key data are captured in coded form during the provision of routine care. These changes can help close the gap between knowledge and practice and promise to make the practice of evidence-based medicine a reality
SN  - 0036-7672
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 306
T1  - Quality of life in allergic rhinitis
A1  - Blaiss,M.S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999408515 IN - Dr. M.S. Blaiss, 300 Walnut Bend Rd So, Cordova, TN 38018; United States. E-Mail: wheezeMD@aol.com CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Allergic Rhinitis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Quality of Life
KW  - 132-22-9 (chlorpheniramine)
KW  - 138452-21-8 (fexofenadine)
KW  - 147-24-0,58-73-1 (diphenhydramine)
KW  - 15826-37-6,16110-51-3,93356-79-7,93356-84-4 (cromoglycate disodium)
KW  - 22254-24-6 (ipratropium bromide)
KW  - 345-78-8,7460-12-0,90-82-4 (pseudoephedrine)
KW  - 50679-08-8 (terfenadine)
KW  - 51333-22-3 (budesonide)
KW  - 5534-09-8 (beclometasone dipropionate)
KW  - 58581-89-8,79307-93-0 (azelastine)
KW  - 76-25-5 (triamcinolone acetonide)
KW  - 79794-75-5 (loratadine)
KW  - 83881-51-0,83881-52-1 (cetirizine)
KW  - 90566-53-3 (fluticasone)
KW  - Allergic Asthma/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Antihistaminic Agent/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Antihistaminic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - Azelastine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Beclometasone Dipropionate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Budesonide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cetirizine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Cetirizine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Chlorpheniramine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Chlorpheniramine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - Corticosteroid/ad [Drug Administration]
KW  - Corticosteroid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cromoglycate Disodium/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - data
KW  - Diphenhydramine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Diphenhydramine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Fexofenadine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Fluticasone/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Fluticasone/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Fluticasone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Intranasal Drug Administration
KW  - Ipratropium Bromide/ad [Drug Administration]
KW  - Ipratropium Bromide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Loratadine/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Loratadine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Loratadine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Medline
KW  - Needs
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Pseudoephedrine/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Pseudoephedrine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Study
KW  - Terfenadine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Terfenadine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Triamcinolone Acetonide/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Triamcinolone Acetonide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 449
EP  - 454
JF  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.Vol.83(5)()(pp 449-454), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 83
IS  - 5
N2  - Objective: This review will furnish the reader current information on the importance of quality of life evaluation in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, the different types of quality of life instruments used, and how they can be used in judging different pharmaceutical therapies. Data Sources: Computer-assisted MEDLINE searches for articles assessing 'quality of life' and 'outcomes' in rhinitis. Also MEDLINE searches evaluating health- related quality of life in relationship to different pharmacologic treatments in allergic rhinitis. Study Selections: Pertinent abstracts and articles in two broad areas were selected. The first groups were articles in the fields of outcomes, quality of life, allergic rhinitis, and its relationship to health-related quality of life. The second group of articles evaluated different pharmacologic agents' effect on the health-related quality of life of rhinitis patients. Both sets of articles were critically analyzed with important representative studies selected for this review. Results: Health- related quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis is impaired as measured by both generic and specific health-related quality of life instruments. Use of second generation antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and intranasal ipratropium bromide have been shown to improve the health-related quality of life of sufferers of allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: The measuring of health-related quality of life is assuming a primary position in outcomes analysis in the patient with allergic rhinitis. Studies have documented the validity of using generic and specific health- related quality of life instruments in allergic rhinitis. Each type has its own weaknesses and strengths that the user needs to appreciate. Appraising the role of different pharmacologic agents in allergic rhinitis in improving the patient's quality of life is an important part of proving the medication's worth to the health care community
SN  - 1081-1206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 307
T1  - Critical Appraisal Skills Programme: A project in critical appraisal skills teaching to improve the quality in health care
A1  - Bradley,P.
A1  - Burls,A.J.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999415866 IN - P. Bradley, Public Health Medicine, Northamptonshire Health Authority, Highfield, Cliftonville Road, Northampton NN1 5DN; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200000
KW  - *Health Care Management
KW  - *Health Care Quality
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Authority
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Resource Allocation
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 88
EP  - 91
JF  - Journal of Clinical Governance.Vol.7(2)()(pp 88-91), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 7
IS  - 2
N2  - The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme offers easily accessible help to enable all health care decision-makers, so that they can acquire skills in critical appraisal. Skills training has been shown to improve knowledge and skills of participants. Critical appraisal skills are important for anyone wishing to influence decisions or raise quality in health care
SN  - 1467-5277
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 308
T1  - The alternative journal club [3]
A1  - Brown,N.S.
A1  - Day,E.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999415645 IN - N.S. Brown, Lyndon Clinic, Solihull B92 8PW; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200000
KW  - *Teamwork
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 691
EP  - 692
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.23(11)()(pp 691-692), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 11
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 309
T1  - Journal club devoted to education issues [5]
A1  - Centeno,A.M.
A1  - Blanco,A.
A1  - Arce,M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999182534 IN - A.M. Centeno, Facultad de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires; Argentina CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 199900
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 464
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.74(5)()(pp 464), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 74
IS  - 5
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 310
T1  - Oedipus to Jack the Ripper: The alternative journal club
A1  - Combe,G.
A1  - Cunningham,S.
A1  - Read,A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999273099 IN - S. Cunningham, Department of Psychiatry, Glenbourne Unit, Morlaix Drive, Derriford, Plymouth PL6 5AF; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - General Practice
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Personnel
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 497
EP  - 499
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.23(8)()(pp 497-499), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 8
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 311
T1  - WISDOM: A virtual learning environment for continuing professional development
A1  - Dolman,E.
A1  - Fox,N.
A1  - Lane,P.
A1  - O'Rourke,A.
A1  - Roberts,C.
A1  - Neary,J.
A1  - Grieve,S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999300531 IN - E. Dolman, Inst. Gen. Practice, Primary Care, Univ. Sheffield, Community Sci. Cent, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU; United Kingdom. E-Mail: e.a.dolman@sheffield.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 199900
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Virtual Reality
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Computer
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Cost
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Family
KW  - Finance
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Literature
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Model
KW  - Motivation
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 386
EP  - 389
JF  - Education for General Practice.Vol.10(3 SUPPL.)()(pp 386-389), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - 3 SUPPL.
N2  - The group identified that the obstacles to the development of computing skills and professional development included: time, family commitments, lack of equipment, lack of motivation or courage to get involved, financial costs and lack of support or mentoring. Evaluations of the project were also conducted as part of the national study and it was considered that the WISDOM model could provide a major educational opportunity in terms of addressing the issues of pace, place and time. The use of the Internet or similar networks has associated technical and financial problems which require further investigation to develop appropriate support infrastructures. To summarize, the WISDOM model has been developed to address the issues involved in continuing professional development by prompting learners to: reflect on their current strategies of problem solving and education; develop the practical skills of searching computer databases and critically appraising literature; use problems from their daily practice to formulate questions, search the literature and seek answers; learn within a multi-professional environment without the traditional organizational barriers; learn at a time, place and pace to suit themselves
SN  - 1367-8523
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 312
T1  - Evidence-based learning
A1  - Eitel,F.
A1  - Steiner,S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999353661 IN - Prof. F. Eitel, Klinikum Innenstadt, Theoretische Chirurgie, Ludwig Maximilians Univ. Munchen, Nussbaumstrasse 20, 80336 Munich; Germany. E-Mail: eitel@lrz.uni-muenchen.de CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Competence
KW  - Concept Mapping
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Germany
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Motivation
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - reform
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Social Integration
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 506
EP  - 512
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.21(5)()(pp 506-512), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 21
IS  - 5
N2  - In spite of the empirically evident merits of innovative teaching/learning formats such as PBL, resistance is observed to implementing promising curricular innovations, or to changing the traditional medical curricula. Moreover, reforms have failed because of resistance to change. To solve these problems it is accepted worldwide that faculty have to find and apply innovative approaches and to manage change in medical education. The aim of this study is to conceptualize change in pedagogy. The hypotheses developed in this article are visualized by concept mapping. A path analysis (correlation study) is demonstrated investigating the relationship between instructional design and motivation to learn. This article is designed as a case study. Well-defined teaching/learning goals, learning by doing, feedback and social integration of the students are features of instructional design. They correlate positively (0.14-0.32) with students' experience of self-efficacy, which leads to intrinsic motivation to learn (0.48). Implementing an intrinsically motivating teaching/learning format is proposed as a means to managing change in instructional design and, consequently, educational outcome. Evidence-based learning (EBL) was conceptualized in order to develop a format that provides these design conditions. EBL is characterized by seven instructional steps synthesizing: problem-based learning (PBL) with critical appraisal of concepts to be learned, and with quality management of learning projects. The definition of EBL given here provides the basis for further investigation directed towards continuous improvement in medical education
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 313
T1  - Is a journal club effective for teaching critical appraisal skills? A controlled trial with residents in psychiatry
A1  - Fu,C.H.Y.
A1  - Hodges,B.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - Goldbloom,D.S.
A1  - Garfinkel,P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999435564 IN - Dr. C.H.Y. Fu, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AE; United Kingdom. E-Mail: c.fu@iop.kcl.ac.uk CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - *Teaching Hospital
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 205
EP  - 209
JF  - Academic Psychiatry.Vol.23(4)()(pp 205-209), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 4
N2  - This study examined the effectiveness of a journal club for teaching critical appraisal skills to residents in psychiatry and their transfer of those skills to clinical scenarios. Twelve residents participated in a 12- week journal club, and 12 residents were matched control subjects. Following the journal club, there remained no difference in performance between the two groups, although two-thirds of the journal club residents did show an improvement or no change, compared with one-third of the control residents. Furthermore, there was a trend for the journal club residents to require less time to review an article. This format of a journal club may not be an effective method for teaching critical appraisal skills to residents in psychiatry
SN  - 1042-9670
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 314
T1  - Evidence-based clinical behavior analysis, evidence-based medicine and the Cochrane collaboration
A1  - Gambrill,E.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999173478 IN - E. Gambrill, School of Social Welfare, 120 Haviland Hall - MC 7400, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7400; United States. E-Mail: gambrill@uclink4.berkeley.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 199900
KW  - *Behavioral Science
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - Behavior
KW  - California
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consumer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
JF  - Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry.Vol.30(1)()(pp 1-14), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 1
N2  - Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making important clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidenced-Based Medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who share this interest. Evidenced-based medicine involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research as well as considering the values and expectations of patients/clients. Advantage can be taken of educational formats developed in EBM, such as problem-based learning and critical-appraisal workshops in which participants learn how to ask key answerable questions related to important clinical practice questions (e.g., regarding effectiveness, accuracy of assessment measures, prediction, prevention, and quality of clinical practice guidelines) and to access and critically appraise related research. The Cochrane Collaboration is a world-wide network of centers that prepare, maintain, and disseminate high-quality systematic reviews on the efficacy of healthcare. These databases allow access to evidence related to clinical practice decisions. Forging reciprocal working relationships with those involved in EBM reciprocal and the CC should contribute to the pursuit of shared goals such as basing clinical decisions on the best-available evidence and involving clients as informed consumers
SN  - 0005-7916
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 315
T1  - Introducing evidence-based medicine in day-to-day practice: Critical appraisal of clinical trials in applications to hospital P and T committees. [German]
A1  - Gonnermann,C.
A1  - Porzsolt,F.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999245235 IN - Dr. C. Gonnermann, Apotheke des Univ. Klin. Ulm, 89075 Ulm; Germany CP - Germany OT - KRITISCHE BEWERTUNG KLINISCHER STUDIEN BEI ANTRAGEN AN DIE ARZNEIMITTELKOMMISSIONEN IN KRANKENHAUSERN LG - German PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Practice
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Budget
KW  - Budgets
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Hope
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - Therapeutics
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 277
EP  - 280
JF  - Krankenhauspharmazie.Vol.20(7)()(pp 277-280), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 7
N2  - Limited budgets in the health care system force us to choose among the most effective medications those with the most patient benefits. An example shows us that in decisions made by hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committees (P and T) it is wise to differentiate between those applications in which the benefits to the patient are already established, 'usual care', and those in which the benefits have not yet been established, 'clinical care research'. They are distinguished only by the sequence of the findings and applied therapy. By introducing these differentiation criteria we hope to emphasize the cost of drugs based on their verifiable benefits to the patients. On the other hand we encourage the promotion of more valuable outcome data through the classification as clinical care research and thereby contribute to the rationalization of our health care system
SN  - 0173-7597
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 316
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and undergraduate education: The potential versus the reality for primary healthcare teams
A1  - Hagdrup,N.
A1  - Gray,R.
A1  - Edwards,M.
A1  - Falshaw,M.
A1  - Carter,Y.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999419329 IN - Prof. Y. Carter, Dept. General Practice Primary Care, Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Computer
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - General Practice
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teams
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 489
EP  - 495
JF  - Education for General Practice.Vol.10(4)()(pp 489-495), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - 4
N2  - Two major changes are taking place in undergraduate medical education: a shift from hospital to the community and the development of problem-based learning, with its foundation in evidence-based practice. In order for these changes to be successful, students need access to the same computing facilities as in the hospital or medical school, and undergraduate GP tutors and other members of the primary care team need to develop skills in problem-based learning and critical appraisal. To evaluate access to information and the understanding of medical evidence among primary healthcare teams, we sent a questionnaire to all practice staff involved in undergraduate education in East London. We received 201 completed questionnaires from 51 practices (86% response). Practice personnel were divided into GPs, nursing staff and administrative staff. Awareness of the importance of evidence-based practice was high amongst all staff members. However, although the majority of staff members had access to a computer either at home or at work, these were mostly utilized for word-processing, and use for accessing electronic information or carrying out literature searches was low. The majority of staff had not received any training in literature searches and most lacked confidence in understanding statistical terms and concepts. In addition, 20% of GPs and 50% of other staff had not heard of Medline. If general practice is to be at the forefront of community-based teaching, there remains a great need, at least in East London, for education and support in the tools of evidence-based practice in order to maximize the potential for undergraduate education
SN  - 1367-8523
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 317
T1  - What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials
A1  - Hollis,S.
A1  - Campbell,F.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999315800 IN - S. Hollis, Medical Statistics Unit, Fylde College, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF; United Kingdom. E-Mail: s.hollis@lancs.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Intention
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - New England
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Responses
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 670
EP  - 674
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.319(7211)()(pp 670-674), 1999.Date of Publication: 11 SEP 1999.
VL  - Vol. 319
IS  - 7211
N2  - Objectives: To assess the methodological quality of intention to treat analysis as reported in randomised controlled trials in four large medical journals. Design: Survey of all reports of randomised controlled trials published in 1997 in the BMJ, Lancet, JAMA, and New England Journal of Medicine. Main outcome measures: Methods of dealing with deviations from random allocation and missing data. Results: 119 (48%) of the reports mentioned intention to treat analysis. Of these, 12 excluded any patients who did not start the allocated intervention and three did not analyse all randomised subjects as allocated. Five reports explicitly stated that there were no deviations from random allocation. The remaining 99 reports seemed to analyse according to random allocation, but only 34 of these explicitly stated this. 89 (75%) trials had some missing data on the primary outcome variable. The methods used to deal with this were generally inadequate, potentially leading to a biased treatment effect. 29 (24%) trials had more than 10% of responses missing for the primary outcome, the methods of handling the missing responses were similar in this subset. Conclusions: The intention to treat approach is often inadequately described and inadequately applied. Authors should explicitly describe the handling of deviation from randomised allocation and missing responses and discuss the potential effect of any missing response. Readers should critically assess the validity of reported intention to treat analyses
SN  - 0959-8146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 318
T1  - Postgraduate journal club as a means of evidence-based obstetrics and gynaecology
A1  - Khan,K.S.
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Pakkal,M.
A1  - Brace,V.
A1  - Awonuga,A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999205761 IN - Dr. K.S. Khan, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Womens Healthcare Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG; United Kingdom. E-Mail: k.s.khan@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Gynecology
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Obstetrics
KW  - *Postgraduate Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Program
KW  - computer software
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Software
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 231
EP  - 234
JF  - Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.Vol.19(3)()(pp 231-234), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 3
N2  - We assessed the feasibility of a new educational programme to teach critical appraisal of the medical literature to postgraduate trainees. The new programme used a journal club format where selection of topics and articles was driven by clinical problems arising in day-to-day practice. Papers were appraised critically according to validated guidelines using computer software for appraisal, electronic storage and retrieval. Over the initial 4-month period the journal club produced 17 critically appraised topics, two of which were published in peer-reviewed journals. During the study, trainees' reading time improved from a median of 2.0 hours (range 1-5 hours) to 3.5 hours (range 2-8 hours) (P = 0.026) and their knowledge scores improved from a mean of 50.8 (SD 4.0) to 62.9 (SD 4.3) P = 0.003). We conclude that a journal club supported by electronic means of critical appraisal and dissemination of appraised information can be used to encourage the practice of evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0144-3615
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 319
T1  - A new approach to teaching and learning in journal club
A1  - Khan,K.S.
A1  - Gee,H.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999205687 IN - Dr. K.S. Khan, Acad. Dept. Obstetrics Gynaecology, Birmingham Womens Hlth. NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: k.s.khan@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 199900
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - context
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning experiences
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - methods
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 289
EP  - 293
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.21(3)()(pp 289-293), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 21
IS  - 3
N2  - In order to develop the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances, trainee doctors need to equip themselves with skills in acquisition, appraisal and application of new knowledge. The journal club traditionally provides a forum where these skills can be fostered. A newly introduced journal club format is described, which has a careful selection of learning experiences to enhance deep learning of these skills. The journal club is placed in the context of clinical care problems that require use of information from the medical literature. These problems are converted into focused, answerable clinical questions. Based on the clinical question, systematic literature searches are conducted and the identified articles are appraised using structured methodological guidelines. Clinical problem-solving skills are acquired through use of teaching methods that are associated with learning-for-understanding
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 320
T1  - Problem-based group learning of healthcare information management as a new tutorial class for freshmen. [Japanese]
A1  - Ogasawara,K.
A1  - Endoh,A.
A1  - Sakurai,T.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999238487 IN - K. Ogasawara, Department of Medical Informatics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648; Japan CP - Japan LG - Japanese PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Education Program
KW  - *Health Promotion
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Data
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Group Dynamics
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Paper
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - university education
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 26
JF  - Japan Journal of Medical Informatics.Vol.19(1)()(pp 19-26), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 1
N2  - The importance of informatics in the university education is widely recognized in recent years, and many curriculums in a general education course has been reported. We had a chance to teach a new elective course of informatics for freshmen, and tried the problem-based group learning, similar to that for medical students. This course consisted of 15 sessions, introductory lectures of informatics, a critical reading of epidemiological paper written in English, and an exercise of the problem solving small group setting. In the exercise, students picked up one theme related to health science, collected the information and presented the report to the class. Ability of reading the English paper, inexperience of the personal computer and a lack of the exercise time, became clear from the questionnaire for students after this course work finished. Most students reported that they have gained positive attitude for problem solving through the exercise
SN  - 0289-8055
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 321
T1  - Evidence Based Medicine: A new scientific concept for identifying patient benefit. [German]
A1  - Schmidt,J.G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999287218 IN - Dr. J.G. Schmidt, Allgemeinpraxis fur Klin. Epidemiol., Ilgenweidstrasse 33, CH-8840 Einsiedeln; Switzerland CP - Switzerland OT - EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE: MODERNE WISSENSCHAFTLICHE METHODEN ZUR BESTIMMUNG DES NUTZENS LG - German PT - Journal: Article EM - 199900
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Patient Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Breast Cancer/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confounding
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Approach Route
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Medical Examination
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - Reduction
KW  - relationships
KW  - Relative
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Survival
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 177
EP  - 182
JF  - Swiss Surgery.
VL  - 4
N2  - For quite some time, clinical epidemiology has introduced the art of critical appraisal of evidence as well as the methods of how to design sound clinical studies and trials. Almost unnoticed by most medical institutions a new hierarchy of evidence has emerged which puts well thought out trials, able to document unbiased treatment benefit in terms of patient suffering, above pathophysiological theory. Many controlled trials have shown, in the meantime, that the control of laboratory or other kind of pathologies and the correction of anatomical abnormalities do not necessarily mean a benefit for the patient. Concepts relating to this dissection of evidence include: Surrogate fallacy (<<cosmetics>> of laboratory results or ligament or cartilage <<cosmetics>> in surgery), confounding (spurious causal relationships), selection bias (comparison with selected groups) as well as lead-time bias (mistaking earlier diagnosis as increase of survival), length bias (overlooking differences in the aggressiveness of diseases as determinants of disease stage distributions) and overdiagnosis bias (mistaking the increasing detection of clinically silent pathologies as improvement of prognosis). Moreover, absolute instead of relative risk reduction needs to be used to measure patient benefit. The incorporation of decision-analysis and of the concepts of clinical epidemiology will improve the efficiency and quality of medicine much more effectively than the sole focus on technical medical performance. Evidence based medicine is the systematic and critical appraisal of medical interventions, based on the understanding how to avoid the fallacies and biases mentioned
SN  - 1023-9332
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 322
T1  - The Journal club: A forum for cultural change and the study of alternative and integrative medicine at a University Health Science Center
A1  - Sierpina,V.S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 1999351773 IN - Prof. V.S. Sierpina, Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1123; United States. E-Mail: vssierpi@utmb.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 199900
KW  - *Alternative Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - healthcare
KW  - healthcare providers
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Mail
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Resident
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Texas
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 34
JF  - Integrative Medicine.Vol.2(1)()(pp 31-34), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 2
IS  - 1
N2  - Background: Introducing alternative medicine into a university health science center is an academic and culturally creative challenge. In 1997, the Alternative and Integrative Medicine Therapies Journal Club was started at the University of Texas Medical Branch by faculty and students in family medicine, nursing, and other disciplines. Its purpose was to create a longitudinal, interdisciplinary forum for the discussion of alternative and integrative healthcare using principles of evidence-based medicine. Discussion: Described here is the development and growth of an alternative and integrative healthcare journal club which employs principles of evidence-based medicine, interdisciplinary collaboration, electronic mail for posting of sessions, and commercial support. The monthly sessions include a sponsored dinner, discussion of the scientific article(s), and an experiential component. Each month a different alternative modality or concept is selected for presentation and discussion. Students, residents, faculty, or alternative healthcare providers present the articles followed by group discussion. We also address some of the current challenges in bringing a program in integrative healthcare training to a university health science center. (Int Med 1999;2:31-34) (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc
SN  - 1096-2190
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 323
T1  - Guidelines for Parkinson's disease in the clinical practice. [Spanish]
A1  - Aguilar,M.
A1  - Burguera,J.A.
A1  - Campos,V.
A1  - Castro,A.
A1  - Garcia-Ruiz,P.
A1  - Grandas,F.
A1  - Jimenez-Jimenez,F.J.
A1  - Kulisevsky,J.
A1  - Linazasoro,G.
A1  - Del Val,J.L.
A1  - Luquin,R.
A1  - Marti,M.J.
A1  - Martin,P.M.
A1  - Vela,L.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000108080 IN - M. Aguilar, Hospital Mutua de Tarrasa, Barcelona; Spain CP - Spain OT - GUIAS DE PRACTICA CLINICA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DEPARKINSON LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Parkinson Disease/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Parkinson Disease/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Parkinson Disease/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - 104632-26-0 (pramipexole)
KW  - 116314-67-1 (entacapone)
KW  - 1235-82-1,514-65-8 (biperiden)
KW  - 134308-13-7 (tolcapone)
KW  - 144-11-6,52-49-3 (trihexyphenidyl)
KW  - 14611-51-9,14611-52-0,2079-54-1,2323-36-6 (selegiline)
KW  - 1508-76-5,77-37-2 (procyclidine)
KW  - 19875-60-6 (lisuride maleate)
KW  - 22260-51-1 (bromocriptine mesilate)
KW  - 28805-76-7,56-12-2 (4 aminobutyric acid)
KW  - 28860-95-9 (carbidopa)
KW  - 314-19-2,58-00-4 (apomorphine)
KW  - 33507-63-0 (substance P)
KW  - 37270-69-2 (benserazide plus levodopa)
KW  - 4 Aminobutyric Acid/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - 51-61-6,62-31-7 (dopamine)
KW  - 57308-51-7 (carbidopa plus levodopa)
KW  - 57808-66-9 (domperidone)
KW  - 59-92-7 (levodopa)
KW  - 66104-23-2 (pergolide mesilate)
KW  - 665-66-7,768-94-5 (amantadine)
KW  - 74913-18-1 (dynorphin)
KW  - 91374-21-9 (ropinirole)
KW  - akineton
KW  - akineton retard
KW  - amantadine
KW  - Amantadine/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Amantadine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Amantadine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - apokinon
KW  - Apomorphine/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Apomorphine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Apomorphine/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration]
KW  - artane
KW  - Basal Ganglion
KW  - Benserazide Plus Levodopa/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Benserazide Plus Levodopa/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Biosis
KW  - Biperiden/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Biperiden/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Bromocriptine Mesilate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Bromocriptine Mesilate/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Bromocriptine Mesilate/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Bromocriptine Mesilate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Bromocriptine Mesilate/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Carbidopa Plus Levodopa/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Carbidopa Plus Levodopa/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Carbidopa/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Carbidopa/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Carbidopa/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Catechol Methyltransferase Inhibitor/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Catechol Methyltransferase Inhibitor/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Catechol Methyltransferase Inhibitor/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Catechol Methyltransferase Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Catechol Methyltransferase Inhibitor/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Catechol Methyltransferase Inhibitor/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
KW  - choice
KW  - Cholinergic Receptor Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cholinergic Receptor Blocking Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Clinical Feature
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - comtan
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Domperidone/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Domperidone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Dopamine Receptor Stimulating Agent/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Dopamine Receptor Stimulating Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Dopamine Receptor Stimulating Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Dopamine Receptor/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Dopamine/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - dopergin
KW  - Dynorphin/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Dysautonomia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Dysautonomia/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Electric Shock
KW  - Embase
KW  - Entacapone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Entacapone/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Entacapone/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Entacapone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Entacapone/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Entacapone/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Gastrointestinal Symptom/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Gastrointestinal Symptom/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypnotic Agent/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Hypnotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Insomnia/si [Side Effect]
KW  - journal
KW  - kemadrin
KW  - Levodopa/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Levodopa/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Levodopa/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Levodopa/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Lisuride Maleate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Lisuride Maleate/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Lisuride Maleate/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Lisuride Maleate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Lisuride Maleate/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Lisuride Maleate/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - madopar
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - meetings
KW  - mirapexin
KW  - motilium
KW  - Neuroleptic Agent/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Neuroleptic Agent/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Neuroleptic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Neuroleptic Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Orthostatic Hypotension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Orthostatic Hypotension/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Pallidotomy
KW  - parlodel
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Pergolide Mesilate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Pergolide Mesilate/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Pergolide Mesilate/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Pergolide Mesilate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Pergolide Mesilate/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Pergolide Mesilate/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - pharken
KW  - plurimen
KW  - Positron Emission Tomography
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Pramipexole/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Pramipexole/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Pramipexole/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Procyclidine/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Procyclidine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Registries
KW  - requip
KW  - Review
KW  - Ropinirole/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Ropinirole/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Ropinirole/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Ropinirole/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Ropinirole/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Ropinirole/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Selegiline/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Selegiline/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Selegiline/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - sinemet
KW  - sinemet plus
KW  - sinemet retard
KW  - Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Somnolence/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Substance P/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - tasmar
KW  - Thalamotomy
KW  - Tolcapone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Tolcapone/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Tolcapone/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Tolcapone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Tolcapone/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Tolcapone/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Trihexyphenidyl/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Trihexyphenidyl/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Unindexed Drug
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 92
JF  - Neurologia.Vol.14(SUPPL.5)()(pp 1-92), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - SUPPL. 5
N2  - Evidence based medicine is the use of the best current evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Practicing evidence based medicine in Parkinson's disease requires recognition that in most encounters with patients, questions arise that should be answered to provide the patient with the best available medical care. Clinical practice guidelines are helpful in framing strategies to improve care. The quality (strength) of evidence is based on a hierarchy of evidence: results of systematic reviews of well designed clinical studies, results of large case series, expert opinion, and personal experience. Once the best evidence has been found, the evidence based medicine approach involves critically appraising the quality of the evidence, determining its magnitude and precision, and applying it to the specific patient. Various members of the Movement Disorders Section of the Spanish Neurological Society systematically revised the available literature (by searching the MEDLINE, BIOSIS and the Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Clinical Trials Registry) trying to introduce evidence-based guidelines for the selection of the treatment of newly diagnosed, stable and advanced PD patients. In three meetings, the experts critically appraised the body of the literature review, the best evidence, as well as the clinical considerations in the treatment choices. Guidelines were then made regarding the sequence of selection of the different modalities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options
SN  - 0213-4853
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 324
T1  - Reducing costs of laparoscopic hysterectomy
A1  - Erian,M.
A1  - McLaren,G.R.
A1  - Buck,R.J.
A1  - Wright,G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000137545 IN - M. Erian, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Herston, QLD 4029; Australia CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Hysterectomy
KW  - *Laparoscopic Surgery
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Histology
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Cell
KW  - Human Tissue
KW  - Hysterectomy
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Menstruation Disorder/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Menstruation Disorder/su [Surgery]
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - quality
KW  - Role
KW  - Scalpel
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgical Equipment
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 471
EP  - 475
JF  - Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists.Vol.6(4)()(pp 471-475), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 4
N2  - Study Objective. To establish the role of laparoscopic hysterectomy using reuseable surgical equipment. Design. Prospective, observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting. Tertiary major teaching hospital. Patients. Fifty consecutive women carefully selected for laparoscopic hysterectomy. Interventions. The ultrasonically activated (harmonic) scalpel was used for coagulative cutting of pedicles and ligaments attached to the uterus and adnexa, backed by bipolar diathermy. No nonabsorbable material was left in the pelvis at the conclusion of the procedures. Measurements and Main Results. Patient characteristics, uterine weight, histology, operating time, recovery, analgesic requirements, and hospital stay were recorded. Complications were noted and critically assessed for constructive quality assurance appraisal. Outcomes were satisfactory according to both patients and gynecologists. Conclusion. This pilot study suggests that the method is an efficacious, cost-effective, and well- controlled technique of laparoscopic hysterectomy
SN  - 1074-3804
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 325
T1  - An alternative for dissertation
A1  - Farooq,S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000061573 IN - S. Farooq, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar; Pakistan CP - Pakistan LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Certification
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Surgical Training
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - Paper
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 456
EP  - 458
JF  - Journal of the College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan.Vol.9(10)()(pp 456-458), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 9
IS  - 10
N2  - Dissertation is an important part of requirement for F.C.P.S-II examination. However, with increasing number of trainees for F.C.P.S, it is becoming increasingly difficult to supervise and assess the dissertations properly. It is suggested that a question paper, which tests the candidate's knowledge, ability to understand and critically analyse the current literature on the subject, replace the dissertation. The approach is based on the critical appraisal of research and the outlines of suggestion is presented for a debate
SN  - 1022-386X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 326
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for the new millennium: Critical appraisal and pragmatic approach
A1  - Ibrahim,E.M.
A1  - Stuart,R.K.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000032805 IN - Dr. E.M. Ibrahim, Department of Oncology, MBC-64, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211; Saudi Arabia CP - Saudi Arabia LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Physician
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Saudi Arabia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 295
EP  - 296
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.19(4)()(pp 295-296), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 4
SN  - 0256-4947
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 327
T1  - Critical appraisal of evidence based medicine synopses and original abstracts: A pilot comparison study
A1  - West,R.R.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000040970 IN - R.R. West, University Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Study
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 337
EP  - 339
JF  - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine.Vol.13(6)()(pp 337-339), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 6
N2  - An exercise in critical appraisal compared synopses in a leading abstracting journal with the corresponding original summaries. The findings in this small pilot study suggest that readers learned more from originals and that rewording by abstracting journals may alter the message. While abstracting journals clearly help busy clinicians find key papers amidst a surfeit of evidence, it is important to appreciate the potential for bias in selection and abstraction. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
SN  - 1364-9027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 328
T1  - Critical appraisal workshops to promote evidence-based healthcare
A1  - Awonuga,A.O.
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Johanson,R.
A1  - Hyde,C.
A1  - Taylor,R.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000059496 IN - Dr. K.S. Khan, Acad. Dept. Obstetrics Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's Healthcare, NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: k.s.khan@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Health Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - healthcare
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 14
JF  - Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.Vol.20(1)()(pp 10-14), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 1
N2  - We evaluated the effect of literature appraisal workshops on participants views, attitudes and knowledge about evidence-based medicine in the West Midlands region in 1998. The performance of 55 practitioners was evaluated, before and after attending the workshop. After attending the workshop, participants paid more attention to the study design (81% vs. 98%, P = 0.02), they did not find research evidence confusing (35% vs. 52%, P = 0.05), and they felt more confident in assessing research evidence (26% vs. 59%, P = 0.0001). Their mean knowledge scores improved from 47.3 (SD 12.2) to 57.9 (SD 9.0) (P = 0.0001). Our critical appraisal skills workshops improved attitudes and knowledge needed for the provision of evidence-supported healthcare. Such workshops should be incorporated in postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology training programmes
SN  - 0144-3615
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 329
T1  - Postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology trainees' views and understanding of evidence-based medicine
A1  - Awonuga,A.O.
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
A1  - Taylor,R.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000029271 IN - Dr. K.S. Khan, Academic Dept. Obstetrics Gynaecol., Birmingham Womens Hlth. Care NHS Tr., Birmingham B15 2TH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: k.s.khan@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Gynecology
KW  - *Obstetrics
KW  - *Postgraduate Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Confidence
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 29
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.22(1)()(pp 27-29), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 1
N2  - In order to determine the views and understanding of evidence-based medicine (EBM) among postgraduate trainees in obstetrics and gynaecology, a self-administered postal survey was conducted in the West Midlands regional postgraduate training programme in England. Trainees' views and understanding of EBM, and their ability to access and use evidence was surveyed. The response rate was 71%. The trainees had a positive attitude toward use of evidence in provision of health care with 85% supporting the UK National Health Service clinical effectiveness programme. However, their ability to critically evaluate the medical literature was limited, with only 20% having the confidence to assess the general worth of an article, while 67% relied mainly on reviews and guidelines for information about effectiveness. Literature acquisition and appraisal skills should be an integral part of postgraduate structured training programmes so that the next generation of obstetricians and gynaecologists are better equipped to extract and implement research evidence in clinical practice
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 330
T1  - Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute occlusion of the central retinal artery: A meta-analysis of the published data
A1  - Beatty,S.
A1  - Au Eong,K.G.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000271668 IN - S. Beatty, Medical Retina Unit, Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD; United Kingdom. E-Mail: stephen@stiofanbetagh.demon.co.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Artery Occlusion/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Artery Occlusion/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Fibrinolytic Therapy
KW  - *Retina Artery
KW  - Arteries
KW  - Article
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Fibrinolytic Agent
KW  - Fibrinolytic Therapy
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Visual Acuity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 914
EP  - 916
JF  - British Journal of Ophthalmology.Vol.84(8)()(pp 914-916), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 84
IS  - 8
N2  - Background/aim. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is typically associated with a poor visual outcome. Several favourable reports of local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF), which involves the superselective administration of a thrombolytic agent directly into the ophthalmic artery, have appeared in the recent literature. The aim of this study was to critically appraise these studies in a collective fashion. Methods. A meta-analysis was performed of all the published literature germane to LIF in cases of CRAO. Results. Of the 16 studies identified, all were retrospective and non-randomised. After correction for data duplication, the results of LIF in 100 patients can be reported. A final acuity of 6/6 or better was seen in 14% of patients following LIF, and a visual result of 6/12 or better was seen in 27% of subjects. A poor final acuity of 3/60 or worse was seen in 60.6% of eyes treated with local intra-arterial fibrinolysis. These results compare favourably with conventional forms of therapy. Potentially serious complications were seen in four patients, but no patient suffered a permanent neurological deficit. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that there may be a marginal visual benefit associated with LIF compared with conventional management of CRAO. However, the methodology of the cited studies was often unsatisfactory, and a randomised controlled trial of LIF in cases of CRAO is justified. Outside of a randomised clinical trial, the use of superselective fibrinolytic therapy for CRAO cannot be recommended on the basis of current evidence
SN  - 0007-1161
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 331
T1  - Is evidence-based medicine just a fashion? Denigrating it is without any doubt a fashion. A methodological comment of the Italian Centre for Evidence-Based medicine. [Italian]
A1  - Conti,A.A.
A1  - Galanti,C.
A1  - Gensini,G.F.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000390575 IN - Prof. G.F. Gensini, Istituto di Clinica Medica, Generale e Cardiologia, Universita degli Studi, Viale Morgagni, 85, 50134 Firenze; Italy. E-Mail: g.gensini@dfc.unifi.it CP - Italy OT - LA MEDICINA BASATA SULLE EVIDENZE E DAVVERO UNA MODA? SICURAMENTE E DI MODA CRITICARLA. UN COMMENTO METODOLOGICO DEL CENTRO ITALIANO PER LA MEDICINA BASATA SULLE PROVE LG - Italian PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - complexity
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outpatients
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1192
EP  - 1195
JF  - Italian Heart Journal Supplement.Vol.1(9)()(pp 1192-1195), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 1
IS  - 9
N2  - Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) represents the methodological search for the best solution of a clinical problem, using the most relevant scientific acquisitions of biomedical research, collected and critically appraised in the light of the experience and expertise of physicians. This search is targeted to individual patient care, in the frame of risk/benefit and cost/effectiveness ratios. EBM approach constitutes a precious tool for applied clinical practice, and can also represent a useful methodological instrument for the complete management of patients. The impetus given to outcome studies, to effectiveness studies, to careful attention for outpatients, to the individual data (of the patients of controlled trials) analysis is a major merit of EBM. Many authors nowadays consider EBM just a fashion, and today denigrating EBM appears a fashion too. Medicine complexity is enormous, and EBM can provide a useful methodological approach to this same complexity. EBM is not the automatic solution for every clinical problem, but is a logical tool for the critical evaluation of the relevance of biomedical research results and for the judgment of their applicability into daily clinical practice
SN  - 1129-4728
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 332
T1  - Strategies for building criticism skills in undergraduate biochemists
A1  - Denyer,G.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000104041 IN - G. Denyer, Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006; Australia CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200000
KW  - *Biochemistry
KW  - Australia
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Criticism
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Paper
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Science
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 74
EP  - 75
JF  - Biochemical Education.Vol.28(2)()(pp 74-75), 2000.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2000.
VL  - Vol. 28
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper describes an easy method for empowering biochemistry students to think critically about research data. The technique encourages students to formulate their own opinions by removing the usually dominant 'expert' commentary. The exercise can be done individually or in very large groups, requires no specialist materials and confirmation that articulation and criticism skills have been learnt can be assessed under standard examination conditions. The skills learnt are not discipline specific and, as well as learning how best to read research papers, students also learn something about the research process. (C) 2000 IUBMB Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
SN  - 0307-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 333
T1  - Guided reflection: A framework to facilitate and assess reflective practice within the discipline of physiotherapy
A1  - Donaghy,M.E.
A1  - Morss,K.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000133895 IN - M.E. Donaghy, Department of Physiotherapy, Queen Margaret University College, Leith Campus, Edinburgh EH6 8HF; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Physiotherapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - discipline
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Memory
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Professional Standard
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Review
KW  - schema
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Vocational Education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 14
JF  - Physiotherapy Theory & Practice.Vol.16(1)()(pp 3-14), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 1
N2  - This paper describes a process of guided reflection that aims to facilitate and structure reflection and provide a framework for the assessment of reflective practice within the discipline of physiotherapy. Arguments are presented for moving away from an approach which encourages reflecting on beliefs, values, and attitudes to an approach that is linked more closely to systematic critical enquiry, problem solving, and clinical reasoning. The importance of linking reflection to higher order cognitive processes, specifically the development of memory schema, 'illness scripts', and clinical knowledge, are stressed. Emphasis is placed on gathering evidence of reflection to allow knowledge that is normally tacit to become more explicit and available for critical appraisal. Therefore, the framework, which is intended to facilitate reflection in clinical practice, asks students to write a personal reflective account, supported by evidence. The framework builds on the thinking and the decision-making process associated with the physiotherapy student's examination of the patient and as such it is embedded within clinical reasoning
SN  - 0959-3985
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 334
T1  - Irreversible maternal brain injury during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature
A1  - Feldman,D.M.
A1  - Borgida,A.F.
A1  - Rodis,J.F.
A1  - Campbell,W.A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000396556 IN - Dr. D.M. Feldman, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Administrative Contact: B. Voight, University of CT Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030-2950; United States. E-Mail: dfeldman@nso2.uchc.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Brain Death
KW  - *Pregnancy Complication
KW  - 378-44-9 (betamethasone)
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Article
KW  - Betamethasone
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Death
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetus Outcome
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - health
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Literature
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medicolegal Aspect
KW  - Mother
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Organ Donor
KW  - Patient
KW  - Persistent Vegetative State
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Review
KW  - Survival
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 708
EP  - 714
JF  - Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey.Vol.55(11)()(pp 708-714), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 55
IS  - 11
N2  - Maternal brain death or massive injury leading to persistent vegetative state during pregnancy is a rare event. Since 1979, 11 cases, including the current one, of irreversible maternal brain damage in pregnancy have been reported. In all but one, the pregnancies were prolonged with a goal of achieving delivery of a viable infant. Currant advances in medicine and critical care enable today's physician to offer prolonged life-support to maximize the chances for survival in the neonate whose mother is technically brain dead. We present a case at our institution and review all previously published cases in the English literature for comparison as well as make managernent recommendations. Target Audience: Obstetrics and Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to outline the legal and ethical considerations of a patient with fatal maternal brain injury, list the common complications in a patient with fatal maternal brain injury, and describe the management of these complications
SN  - 0029-7828
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 335
T1  - The relevance of the glycaemic index to our understanding of dietary carbohydrates
A1  - Frost,G.
A1  - Dornhorst,A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000204330 IN - Dr. G. Frost, Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS; United Kingdom. E-Mail: gfrost@ic.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Carbohydrate
KW  - *Carbohydrate Diet
KW  - *Glucose Blood Level
KW  - *Glucose/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - 50-99-7,84778-64-3 (glucose)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Cardiovascular Risk
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diet
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Metabolic Disorder
KW  - methods
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Teams
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 336
EP  - 345
JF  - Diabetic Medicine.Vol.17(5)()(pp 336-345), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 17
IS  - 5
N2  - Aims: To review the evidence for the importance of glycaemic index of dietary carbohydrate in disease prevention and control. Methods: A critical appraisal of the literature published in English between and cited on Medline between January 1966 and October 1999. Results: Using basic, intervention and epidemiological studies from experienced teams, evidence that the glycaemic index of diet may influence outcome in terms of cardiovascular risk, risk of metabolic syndrome diseases and pregnancy was found. Conclusions: Consideration of glycaemic indices in making dietary recommendations may be expected to produce additional health benefit
SN  - 0742-3071
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 336
T1  - Practice guidelines developed by specialty societies: The need for a critical appraisal
A1  - Grilli,R.
A1  - Magrini,N.
A1  - Penna,A.
A1  - Mura,G.
A1  - Liberati,A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000046180 IN - R. Grilli, Agenzia Servizi Sanitari Regionali, Piazzale Marconi 25, 00144 Rome; Italy. E-Mail: webmaster@assr.it CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Independence
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 103
EP  - 106
JF  - Lancet.Vol.355(9198)()(pp 103-106), 2000.Date of Publication: 08 JAN 2000.
VL  - Vol. 355
IS  - 9198
N2  - Background. There is increasing concern about the quality, reliability, and independence of practice guidelines. Because no information is available on the methodological quality of the guidelines developed by specialty societies, we undertook a survey on those published in peer-reviewed journals. Methods. Practice guidelines produced by specialty societies and published in English between January, 1988, and July, 1998, where identified through MEDLINE. Their quality was assessed in terms of whether they reported: the type of professionals and stakeholders involved in the development process; the strategy to identify primary evidence; and an explicit grading of recommendations according to the quality of supporting evidence. Findings. Overall, 431 guidelines were eligible for the study. Most did not meet the criteria: 67 did not report any description of the type of stakeholders, 88 gave no information on searches for published studies, and 82 did not give any explicit grading of the strength of recommendations. There was improvement over time for searches (from 2 to 18, p < 0.001) and explicit grading of evidence (from 6 to 27, p < 0.001). All three criteria for quality were met in only 22 (5) guidelines. Interpretation. Despite improvement over time, the quality of practice guidelines developed by specialty societies is unsatisfactory. Explicit methodological criteria for the production of guidelines shared among public agencies, scientific societies, and patients' associations need to be set up. Common standards of reporting, following the same principles that led to the CONSORT statement for randomised clinical trials, should be promoted
SN  - 0140-6736
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 337
T1  - Journal club as a supplement to the undergraduate biochemistry laboratory
A1  - Hall,M.L.
A1  - Wolfson,A.J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000104040 IN - A.J. Wolfson, Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481; United States CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Biochemistry
KW  - *Laboratory
KW  - *Scientific Literature
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - College
KW  - data
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Protein
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Site Directed Mutagenesis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teams
KW  - Technique
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
EP  - 73
JF  - Biochemical Education.Vol.28(2)()(pp 71-73), 2000.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2000.
VL  - Vol. 28
IS  - 2
N2  - After purification of lysozyme, our biochemistry students write a research proposal that outlines a strategy for studying this enzyme after alteration by site-directed mutagenesis. Despite a literature search that yielded a wealth of background information, students were often overwhelmed by the assignment because they were not familiar with advanced techniques of protein analysis. We therefore developed a series of 'journal clubs' in which teams of students present methods and data found in papers dealing with lysozyme. The five topics for journal clubs include; substrate binding and mechanism; spectroscopic techniques; stability analysis; two-dimensional NMR; and X-ray crystallography. After the adoption of the group talks, the quality of the research proposals improved immensely and students found the assignment to be an educationally rewarding exercise. (C) 2000 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
SN  - 0307-4412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 338
T1  - Literacy promotion in primary care pediatrics: Can we make a difference?
A1  - High,P.C.
A1  - LaGasse,L.
A1  - Becker,S.
A1  - Ahlgren,I.
A1  - Gardner,A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000132913 IN - Dr. P.C. High, Infant Development Center, Women and Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley St, Providence, RI 02905; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Child Health Care
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Communication
KW  - control
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - form
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Home
KW  - Home Environment
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Development
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Development
KW  - Language Proficiency
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Lowest Income Group
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parental Behavior
KW  - Parents
KW  - Pediatrician
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading aloud
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 927
EP  - 934
JF  - Pediatrics.Vol.105(4 II)()(pp 927-934), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 105
IS  - 4 II
N2  - Background. Reading skills are critical to children's success in school and the increasingly technologic workforce. Children from low-income families are at risk for home environments that fail to promote emergent literacy and for reading failure. A home environment that encourages learning and parents who are involved in their children's education are important factors in school achievement. Objective. To evaluate the effects of a literacy promoting intervention delivered by pediatric providers as part of well-child care on parent attitudes and behaviors and on child language. Design/Methods. A multicultural group of 205 low-income families with 5- to 11-month-olds were prospectively enrolled, interviewed, and randomized to intervention (n = 106) or control (n = 99) groups. Families in the intervention group received developmentally appropriate children's books and educational materials and advice about sharing books with children, while those in the control group received no books or materials relevant to literacy. After an average of 3.4 well-child visits in both groups, 153 (75%) were reinterviewed and the children's receptive and expressive vocabulary was tested using a modified version of the MacArthur Communication and Development Inventory (Short Form). Parents were asked if their child understood (receptive vocabulary) or said (expressive vocabulary) each of 100 words, half of which were in the books given. Families were found to have a Child-Centered Literacy Orientation if they mentioned reading aloud as one of their child's favorite activities or as one of their own favorite joint activities or if they usually read together at bedtime. At follow-up toddlers were 18.4 months old on average. Results. Intervention and control groups had similar literacy related characteristics at baseline. There was a 40% increase in Child- Centered Literacy Orientation among intervention families compared with 16% among controls. Intervention families read more with their toddlers (4.3 vs 3.8 days/week). Both receptive and expressive vocabulary scores were higher in older intervention toddlers (18-25 months old; n = 88), but not in younger intervention toddlers (13-17 months old; n = 62). This significant effect of the intervention on vocabulary scores in older toddlers was found for both the 50 words in the books and those not in the books. After parent education, foreign birth and language proficiency, and child age were statistically controlled, the intervention remained significantly associated with higher language outcomes in older toddlers. However, when reading aloud was added to the multivariate analysis, the influence of the intervention was no longer evident, suggesting the intervention's effect on child language was mediated through increased shared reading with these toddlers. Conclusion. This simple and inexpensive intervention, delivered as part of well-child care, changed parent attitudes toward the importance of reading with their infants and toddlers. These intervention parents and their children read more together and this was associated with enhanced language development in older toddlers in this diverse group of low-income families
SN  - 0031-4005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 339
T1  - Guide for evidence-based medicine (4) approach to the evaluation of medical treatment. [Japanese]
A1  - Kojimahara,N.
A1  - Kagawa,J.
A1  - Okamoto,T.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000229549 IN - N. Kojimahara, Dept. of Hygiene and Pub. Health II, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; Japan CP - Japan LG - Japanese PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Hypercholesterolemia
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Expert
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Validity
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 121
JF  - Journal of Tokyo Women's Medical College.Vol.70(4)()(pp 115-121), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 70
IS  - 4
N2  - We often hear about evidence-based medicine (EBM) in medical journals or speeches at conferences. When you read about EBM and try to practice it, you may encounter some difficult terms such as 'critical appraisal' or 'relative risk'. When you see statistical expressions, many of you may ever give up. In the 1999 clinical clerkship for 6th year medical students, we make sure you can acquire the skills in technical concepts and terminology defined through work sheets, which we have reported and associated with the Users' Guide series published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. By using these sheets, you can systematically check through the validity, importance, and ways to adapt them to your actual patient. As a definite plan, we chose the WOS (West of Scotland) study conducted by Shepherd et al well-known as the primary prevention study for hypercholesterolemia. At first, for the evaluation of validity, you should check the following: if the study is a randomized controlled trial, how were endpoints defined? Second, you should evaluate the importance of the results using relative risk (RR), relative risk reduction (RRR) and the number needed to treat (NNT). Finally you should investigate how your actual patient can be adapted to the process. It will be an important skill for clinicians in the future to acquire the skill of EBM. However, we recognize that the well being of patients supersedes any recommendations we make through EBM. Still, it is necessary for medical experts to continue to look for evidence that does not rely solely on our experience or impression
SN  - 0040-9022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 340
T1  - A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community- acquired pneumonia
A1  - Marrie,T.J.
A1  - Lau,C.Y.
A1  - Wheeler,S.L.
A1  - Wong,C.J.
A1  - Vandervoort,M.K.
A1  - Feagan,B.G.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000057972 IN - Dr. B.G. Feagan, London Clinic. Trials Research Group, John P. Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Dr, London, Ont. N6A 5K8; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200000
KW  - *Bacterial Pneumonia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Bacterial Pneumonia/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Bacterial Pneumonia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Bacterial Pneumonia/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Clinical Pathway
KW  - *Levofloxacin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Levofloxacin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Levofloxacin/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - *Levofloxacin/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - 100986-85-4,138199-71-0 (levofloxacin)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Bed
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Congestive Heart Failure/co [Complication]
KW  - context
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Empyema/co [Complication]
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Utilization
KW  - Heart Atrium Fibrillation/co [Complication]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Admission
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Inpatients
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - London
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Readmission
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Respiratory Failure/co [Complication]
KW  - Sepsis/co [Complication]
KW  - Short Form 36
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thorax Radiography
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 749
EP  - 755
JF  - JAMA.Vol.283(6)()(pp 749-755), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 283
IS  - 6
N2  - Context. Large variations exist among hospitals in the use of treatment resources for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Lack of a common approach to the diagnosis and treatment of CAP has been cited as an explanation for these variations. Objective. To determine if use of a critical pathway improves the efficiency of treatment for CAP without compromising the well- being of patients. Design. Multicenter controlled clinical trial with cluster randomization and up to 6 weeks of follow-up. Setting. Nineteen teaching and community hospitals in Canada. Patients. A total of 1743 patients with CAP presenting to the emergency department at 1 of the participating institutions between January 1 and July 31, 1998. Intervention. Hospitals were assigned to continue conventional management (n = 10) or implement the critical pathway (n = 9), which consisted of a clinical prediction rule to guide the admission decision, levofloxacin therapy, and practice guidelines. Main Outcome Measures. Effectiveness of the critical pathway, as measured by health- related quality of life on the Short-Form 36 Physical Component Summary (SF- 36 PCS) scale at 6 weeks; and resource utilization, as measured by the number of bed days per patient managed (BDPM). Results. Quality of life and the occurrence of complications, readmission, and mortality were not different for the 2 strategies; the 1-sided 95% confidence limit of the between-group difference in the SF-36 PCS change score was 2.4 points, which was within a predefined 3-point boundary for equivalence. Pathway use was associated with a 1.7-day reduction in BDPM (4.4 vs 6.1 days; P = .04) and an 18% decrease in the admission of low-risk patients (31% vs 49%; P = .01). Although inpatients at critical pathway hospitals had more severe disease, they required 1.7 fewer days of intravenous therapy (4.6 vs 6.3 days; P = .01) and were more likely to receive treatment with a single class of antibiotic (64% vs 27%; P<.001). Conclusion. In this study, implementation of a critical pathway reduced the use of institutional resources without causing adverse effects on the well-being of patients
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 341
T1  - Evidence-based medicine - How to teach critical scientific thinking to medical undergraduates
A1  - Pitkala,K.
A1  - Mantyranta,T.
A1  - Strandberg,T.E.
A1  - Makela,M.
A1  - Vanhanen,H.
A1  - Varonen,H.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000029270 IN - Dr. K. Pitkala, Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Medicine, PO Box 340, FIN-00029 HYKS; Finland CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Finland
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Group Psychology
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Social Learning
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Volunteer
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 22
EP  - 26
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.22(1)()(pp 22-26), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) offers a systematic and structured approach to teaching critical scientific thinking. In the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Helsinki, after an extensive training of medical teachers and piloting the course with a small group of volunteer students, a 40-hour EBM course was organized for the fourth-year medical students. Feedback from students and teachers has been enthusiastic. The EBM course activated the students' critical thinking, enhanced social learning and group processes, and promoted their attitudes towards independent information retrieval and critical appraisal
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 342
T1  - Evidence-based medicine - Dead-end or setting off for new shores?. [German]
A1  - Wegscheider,K.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2000267728 IN - Dr. K. Wegscheider, Barstr.9, D-10713 Berlin; Germany CP - Germany OT - EVIDENZBASIERTE MEDIZIN - IRRWEG ODER AUFBRUCH ZU NEUEN UFERN? LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200000
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Embase
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Germany
KW  - Intention
KW  - Intuition
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 76
JF  - Herzschrittmachertherapie und Elektrophysiologie.Vol.11(2)()(pp 69-76), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 11
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: Evidence-based medicine is a popular movement. It claims that decisions on diagnosis and treatment should be based not merely on intuition, personal experience and pathophysiological reasoning, but rather on external evidence from clinical research. It offers a method of systematic literature search combined with a critical appraisal of the findings that can be learned in special teaching programs. Aim: Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the approach. Methods: Critical appraisal of the validity and usefulness of evidence-based medicine, along the lines of its own method. Results: While every single step of the method of evidence-based medicine is well described and can be learned systematically, the key term 'evidence' is vague. There is no automatic method to state evidence, and evidence is in its nature preliminary and less objective than usually assumed. However, although ultimate answers are not to be expected, the systematic strive for the best available evidence may improve medical practice substantially, although a definite proof of this suggestion is outstanding. Conclusions: Since the alternative to striving for external evidence would be ignorance, evidence-based medicine is mandatory for ethical reasons, and only the best way can be a question of debate. Despite its virtues, evidence-based medicine can be misunderstood and abused for political purposes or aggressive marketing strategies. Such an abuse does definitely not meet the intentions of the creators
SN  - 0938-7412
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 343
T1  - Quality of health and medical information on the internet
A1  - Cooke,A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001201871 IN - A. Cooke, Royal Free and University College, Medical School of UCL, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, Gower St, London WC1E G8T; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200100
KW  - *Health Care Quality
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - principles
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
EP  - 160
JF  - British Journal of Clinical Governance.Vol.4(4)()(pp 155-160), 1999.
VL  - Vol. 4
IS  - 4
N2  - This article examines some of the problems associated with health and medical information available via the Internet. An overview is provided of gateway services that seek to provide access to high quality materials. Quality principles for health and medical Internet-based materials are highlighted and suggestions are offered for evaluating sources of information retrieved via the Internet. The article concludes that, although there is undeniably a vast quantity of useful material available via the Internet, the principles of basing health care on the best available evidence still apply and potential users need to critically appraise any information they wish to use
SN  - 1466-4100
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 344
T1  - A critical appraisal of the reporting of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (II and III) of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury
A1  - Coleman,W.P.
A1  - Benzel,E.
A1  - Cahill,D.W.
A1  - Ducker,T.
A1  - Geisler,F.
A1  - Green,B.
A1  - Gropper,M.R.
A1  - Goffin,J.
A1  - Madsen III,P.W.
A1  - Maiman,D.J.
A1  - Ondra,S.L.
A1  - Rosner,M.
A1  - Sasso,R.C.
A1  - Trost,G.R.
A1  - Zeidman,S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001094210 IN - Dr. W.P. Coleman, WPCMath, 130 Market St., Annapolis, MD 21401; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Methylprednisolone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Spinal Cord Injury/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 6923-42-8,83-43-2 (methylprednisolone)
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Acute Disease/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consensus
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - Drug Approval
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Market
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Motor Dysfunction/co [Complication]
KW  - New England
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Population
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Secondary Analysis
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries
KW  - spinal cord injury
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 185
EP  - 199
JF  - Journal of Spinal Disorders.Vol.13(3)()(pp 185-199), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 3
N2  - From the beginning, the reporting of the results of National Acue Spinal Cord Injury. Studies (NASCIS) II and III has been incomplete, leaving clinicians in the spinal cord injury (SCI) community to use or avoid using methylprednisolone in acute SCI on the basis of faith rather than a publicly developed scientific consensus. NASCIS II was initially reported by National Institutes of Health announcements, National Institutes of Health facsimifiles to emergency room physicians, and the news media. The subsequent report in the New England Journal of Medicine implied that there was a positive result in the primary efficacy analysis for the entire 487 patient sample. However, this analysis was in fact negative, and the positive result was found only in a secondary analysis of the subgroup of patients who received treatment within 8 hours, In addition, that subgroup apparently had only 62 patients taking methylprednisolone and 67 receiving placebo. The NASCIS II and III reports embody specific choices of statistical methods that have strongly shaped the reporting of results but have not been adequately challenged or or even explained. These studies show statistical artifacts that call their results into question. In NASCIS II, the placebo group treated before 8 hours did poorly, not only when compared with the methylprednisolone group treated before 8 hours but even when compared with the placebo group treated after 8 hours. Thus, the positive result may have been caused by a weakness in the control group rather than any strength of methylprednisolone. In NASCIS III, a randomization imbalance occurred that allocated a disproportionate number of patients with no motor deficit (and therefore no chance for recovery) to the lower dose control group. When this imbalance is controlled for, much of the superiority of the higher dose group seems to disappear. The NASCIS group's decision to admit persons with minor SCIs with minimal or no motor deficit not only enables statistical artifacts it complicates the interpretation of results from the population actually sampled. Perhaps one half of the NASCIS III sample may have had at most a minor deficit. Thus, we do not know whether the results of these studies reflect the severely injured population to which they have been applied. The numbers, tables, and figures in the published reports are scant and are inconsistently defined, making it impossible even for professional statisticians to duplicate the analyses, to guess the effect of changes in assumptions, or to supply the missing parts of the picture. Nonetheless, even 9 years after NASCIS II, the primary, data have not been made public. The reporting of the NASCIS studies has fallen far short of the guidelines of the ICH/FDA and of the Evidence-based Medicine Group. Despite the lucrative "off label" markets for methylprednisolone in SCI, no Food and Drug Association indication has been obtained. There has been no public process of validation. These shortcomings have denied physicians the chance to use confidently a drug that many were enthusiastic about and has left them in an intolerably ambiguous position in their therapeutic choices, in their legal exposure, and in their ability to perform further research to help their patients
SN  - 0895-0385
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 345
T1  - The proposed field of rehabilitation science and engineering - A skeptic's appraisal and suggested alternatives
A1  - Fuhrer,M.J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001123463 IN - M.J. Fuhrer, National Institutes of Health, 13 Kings Valley Court, Damascus, MD 20872; United States. E-Mail: fuhrerm@mail.nih.gov CP - Netherlands LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200100
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Rehabilitation Medicine
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Achievement
KW  - alternatives
KW  - America
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Conception
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - diversity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Financial Management
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Nonbiological Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 145
EP  - 150
JF  - Technology & Disability.Vol.12(2-3)()(pp 145-150), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 2-3
N2  - Graduate programs in rehabilitation science are relatively recent emergents that have distinct implications for the future of rehabilitation research. Apropos of being relatively new, these programs are marked by considerable diversity in terms of curricula, the backgrounds of their faculty members, and organizational placement within their respective universities. They are similar, however, in basing their justification in part on the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report, Enabling America: Assessing the Role of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering [1], and its advocacy for an integrative field that is titled, 'rehabilitation science and engineering'. This paper describes some of the report's background and critically appraises the proposed field and the reasons why it is championed. An alternative conception of rehabilitation science is outlined, and several needed achievements are highlighted to spur its development
SN  - 1055-4181
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 346
T1  - Taking critical appraisal to extremes
A1  - Woolf,S.H.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001002989 IN - Dr. S.H. Woolf, Department of Family Practice, Virginia Commonwealth University, 3712 Charles Stewart Drive, Fairfax, VA 22033; United States. E-Mail: shwoolf@aol.com CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200100
KW  - *Breast Cancer/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Mammography
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - Cancer Research
KW  - Cancer Screening
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Value
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - Standardization
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1081
EP  - 1085
JF  - Journal of Family Practice.Vol.49(12)()(pp 1081-1085), 2000.
VL  - Vol. 49
IS  - 12
SN  - 0094-3509
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 347
T1  - Training directors' and registrars' views on research training in Australasian psychiatry
A1  - Andrews,L.
A1  - Coverdale,J.
A1  - Turbott,S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001125600 IN - Dr. L. Andrews, Department of Psychiatry, Fac. of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland; New Zealand. E-Mail: lk.andrews@auckland.ac.nz CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Financial Management
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - participation
KW  - Perception
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - research methods
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time Management
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 24
JF  - Australasian Psychiatry.Vol.9(1)()(pp 20-24), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 9
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: To determine to what extent research skills are taught and how they are taught to psychiatrists-in-training across Australasia. Method: Anonymous mail-out survey of training directors and trainee representatives on local training committees. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 20 of 23 directors (response rate = 87%) who reported on 522 trainee psychiatrists. Formal seminars or lectures and journal clubs were the most commonly adopted methods of teaching (90% and 70% of programs respectively) while only two programs formally required trainees' participation in research. Epidemiological research methods, critical appraisal skills, ethical issues, and research design were the topics most commonly taught formally, and these were taught in 80% of programs or less. Only 33 (6.3%) trainees were involved in a research project that involved data collection. Conclusions: Research skills were rather uniformly taught. The results are discussed in relation to identified areas for improvement
SN  - 1039-8562
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 348
T1  - A graphic framework for teaching critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials
A1  - Attia,J.
A1  - Page,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001419267 IN - Dr. J. Attia, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW; Australia CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Memory
KW  - Pedagogics
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Visual Aid
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 68
EP  - 69
JF  - Evidence Based Medicine.Vol.6(3)()(pp 68-69), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 3
N2  - Students of evidence-based medicine often try unsuccessfully to commit to memory a particular critical appraisal framework (often lengthy), or they have to depend on pocket cards and are lost without them. We have described a pedagogic aid: a flow diagram of an RCT, which has been developed over years of teaching residents. This diagram focuses on the steps in an RCT, and by drawing arrows, it highlights the biases possible at each step. This diagram serves as a framework on which the list of critical appraisal questions can be hung and is easy to remember
SN  - 1356-5524
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 349
T1  - Evidence-based physiotherapy: Physiotherapists' attitudes and experiences in the Wessex area
A1  - Barnard,S.
A1  - Wiles,R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001211744 IN - S. Barnard, Sch. Occup. Therapy/Physiotherapy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Physiotherapy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cultural Anthropology
KW  - Culture
KW  - definition
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - grades
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Experiment
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Library
KW  - Male
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Occupation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peers
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Tape Recorder
KW  - Thematic Analysis
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 124
JF  - Physiotherapy.Vol.87(3)()(pp 115-124), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 87
IS  - 3
N2  - This study sought to explore physiotherapists' views and experiences of evidence-based practice (EBP). Focus groups and interviews were held with 56 physiotherapists of all grades, working in a variety of different NHS settings in the eastern part of the South and West Region. The aims were to identify physiotherapists' understanding of EBP and their views as to its appropriateness in physiotherapy and what factors they felt promoted or discouraged its development. Focus groups and interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed before thematic analysis. The findings were discussed at a consensus conference. Various recommendations emerged. The study found that physiotherapists' definitions of EBP varied depending on their understanding of the term 'evidence'. Views ranged from evidence being only those facts emerging from robust research to personal or anecdotal evidence from clinical practice -- with most people seeing it as a mix. Junior physiotherapists and others working within university hospital settings felt they had the skills necessary to appraise research findings prior to implementation in practice. Others, particularly senior physiotherapists working in community settings, felt they did not. Community physiotherapists also felt a lack of engagement with EBP activities such as journal clubs and development of clinical guidelines due to poor access to library facilities and difficulties in meeting with peers. All participants felt EBP to be important to the continuing development of the profession. In order to facilitate this it is important to develop a culture that promotes critical appraisal and a willingness to look further than personal experience. Physiotherapy managers and the professional body have a role to play in the development of these skills through the provision of resources and training. However, individual physiotherapists have a responsibility to provide the best treatment for their patients through reflective consideration of all available evidence
SN  - 0031-9406
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 350
T1  - The treatment of postnatal depression: A comprehensive literature review
A1  - Boath,E.
A1  - Henshaw,C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001318919 IN - Dr. E. Boath, Centre for Health Policy/Practice, Staffordshire University, School of Health, Blackheath Lane, Stafford ST18 0AD; United Kingdom. E-Mail: e.boath@staffs.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200100
KW  - *Puerperal Depression/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Puerperal Depression/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Puerperal Depression/th [Therapy]
KW  - 189038-72-0 (dydrogesterone plus estradiol)
KW  - 29908-03-0,485-80-3 (s adenosylmethionine)
KW  - 50-28-2 (estradiol)
KW  - 54910-89-3,56296-78-7,59333-67-4 (fluoxetine)
KW  - 79617-96-2 (sertraline)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cognitive Therapy
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - definition
KW  - Depression
KW  - Double Blind Procedure
KW  - Dydrogesterone Plus Estradiol/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Dydrogesterone Plus Estradiol/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Dydrogesterone Plus Estradiol/pr [Pharmaceutics]
KW  - Dydrogesterone Plus Estradiol/td [Transdermal Drug Administration]
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Electronics
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Estradiol/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Estradiol/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Estradiol/li [Sublingual Drug Administration]
KW  - Estradiol/pr [Pharmaceutics]
KW  - evidence
KW  - Fluoxetine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Fluoxetine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Fluoxetine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - health
KW  - Hormonal Therapy
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Leisure
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Massage
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Phase 1 Clinical Trial
KW  - Phototherapy
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Psychodynamics
KW  - Psychological Aspect
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Puerperal Psychosis
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - S Adenosylmethionine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - S Adenosylmethionine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - S Adenosylmethionine/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - School
KW  - Sertraline/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Sertraline/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Side Effect/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Social Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Transdermal Patch
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 215
EP  - 248
JF  - Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology.Vol.19(3)()(pp 215-248), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 3
N2  - The aim of this comprehensive review was to identify and critically review all published studies of the treatment of postnatal depression, including those who would be excluded from systematic reviews because of their stringent inclusion criteria. A search of the electronic databases Medline, PsychLit, Sociofile, CINAHL, COPAC and that of published books held by the British Library was carried out in 2000, using the key words: postnatal depression; postpartum depression; puerperal depression; and treatment. The search strategy was limited to English language references using human subjects from 1964 to 2000. A very broad definition of postnatal depression was used and papers were included if they had clearly defined their main purpose as the treatment, as opposed to the prevention, of postnatal depression. Studies of postpartum blues and puerperal psychosis were excluded. This search strategy identified 30 articles. Copies of relevant papers were obtained and the authors independently read and critiqued the published articles using critical appraisal criteria designed specifically for this narrative review. The reviews were combined, clarification was sought from authors and disagreements were discussed until agreement was reached. Treatment approaches were categorized as: pharmacological; psychological & psychodynamic; pharmacological & psychological; social support & relaxation; and hormonal. The methodological limitations of these studies means that the efficacy of these treatment approaches have not been clearly established and there is very little good evidence available on which to make policy or practice recommendations; thus, further work in this area is warranted
SN  - 0264-6838
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 351
T1  - New strategies for clinical trials in patients with sepsis and septic shock
A1  - Cohen,J.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
A1  - Bernard,G.R.
A1  - Calandra,T.
A1  - Cook,D.
A1  - Elbourne,D.
A1  - Marshall,J.
A1  - Nunn,A.
A1  - Opal,S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001143874 IN - J. Cohen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN; United Kingdom. E-Mail: j.cohen@ic.ac.uk CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Sepsis
KW  - *Septic Shock
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biological Marker
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Feedback
KW  - formulation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Infection
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - principles
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 880
EP  - 886
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.Vol.29(4)()(pp 880-886), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 29
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: The difficulty in identifying new treatment modalities that significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity rates associated with sepsis has highlighted the need to reevaluate the approach to clinical trial design. The United Kingdom Medical Research Council convened an International Working Party to address these issues. Data Sources: The subject areas that were to be the focus of discussion were identified by the co-chairs, and group leaders were nominated. Preconference reading material was circulated to group members. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Small-group discussion fed into an iterative process of feedback from plenary sessions, followed by the formulation of recommendations. Finally, each working group prepared a summary of its recommendations and these are reported herein. Data Synthesis: There were five key recommendations. First, investigators should no longer rely solely on the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine definitions of sepsis or sepsis syndrome as the basis of trial entry. Entry criteria should be based on three principles: a) All patients should have infection; b) there should be evidence of a pathologic process that represents a biologically plausible target for the proposed intervention, for example, an abnormal circulating level of a biological marker pertinent to the study drug; and c) patients should fall into an appropriate category of severity (usually severe sepsis). Second, investigators should use a scoring system for organ dysfunctions that has been validated and that can be incorporated into all sepsis studies; agreement on the use of a single system would simplify comparisons between studies. Third, the primary outcome measure generally should be mortality rates, but under appropriate circumstances major morbidities could be considered as primary end points. Regardless of choice of the duration to primary end point, patients should be followed for >=90 days. Fourth, sample size needs to be based on a realistic assessment of achievable effect size based on knowledge of the at-risk population. Fifth, subgroups should be few in number and should be defined a priori on the basis of variables present before randomization. Conclusions: Important changes in several aspects of trial design may improve the quality of clinical studies in sepsis and maximize the chance of identifying effective therapeutic agents
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 352
T1  - Critical analysis of a systematic review on exercise therapy and chronic low back pain. [French]
A1  - Colle,F.
A1  - Poiraudeau,S.
A1  - Revel,M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001210523 IN - S. Poiraudeau, Hopital Cochin, Svc. de Med. Phys. de Readaptation, Universite Rene-Descartes, 27, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris; France. E-Mail: serge.poiraudeau@cch.hop-ap-paris.fr CP - France OT - CRITIQUE D'UNE REVUE SYSTEMATIQUE DE LA LITTERATURE EN VUE D'UNE META-ANALYSE CONCERNANT LES EXERCICES PHYSIQUES ET LOMBALGIES CHRONIQUES LG - French PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Kinesiotherapy
KW  - *Low Back Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - Affect
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Chronic Pain
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Correlation Function
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - France
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Pain
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scales
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 221
EP  - 233
JF  - Annales de Readaptation et de Medecine Physique.Vol.44(4)()(pp 221-233), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 44
IS  - 4
N2  - Objectives: To determine wether the type of quality assessment scale used for evaluating the role of the physical training in chronic low back pain affects the conclusions of meta-analytic studies. Design and setting: Analysis of 20 trials assessing exercise therapy in chronic low back pain using 16 different scales to identify high-quality trials. Correlations between the scale scores were assessed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Inter-reader reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and with the Bland and Altman technique. For the quality assessment scales allowing the classification in high quality or low quality trials, the degree of agreement between the two readers was calculated using the kappa coefficient. Results: The range of the Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the different quality scales was wide (from 0.94 to 0.49). The quality scales inter-reader reliability were heterogeneous, ICC ranging from 0.86 to 0.39. The Bland and Altman analysis showed that with two scales the differences were not centered and that with 3 scales there was a systematic effect (r=0.32, 0.41, and 0.50). Finally, inter-reader agreement was low most of the time, the K coefficient being less than or equal to 0.60 for 8 of the 12 quality scales tested. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of summary scores to identify trials of high quality is problematic. Relevant methodological aspects should be assessed more specifically based on treatment strategies than on the own disease. A large reflexion on the elaboration and validation of specific quality scales is needed. copyright 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
SN  - 0168-6054
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 353
T1  - Along the pitfalls (9): Critical reading of guidelines. [Dutch]
A1  - De Vries,C.S.
A1  - De Jong-van den Berg LTW
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001387481 CP - Netherlands OT - LANGS DE VALKUILEN (9): HANDLEIDING KRITISCH LEZEN LG - Dutch PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200100
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - Acute Heart Infarction
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Electrocardiogram
KW  - Embase
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hormone Substitution
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - journal
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Observation
KW  - Publication
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Short Survey
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1614
EP  - 1616
JF  - Pharmaceutisch Weekblad.Vol.136(43)()(pp 1614-1616), 2001.Date of Publication: 26 OCT 2001.
VL  - Vol. 136
IS  - 43
SN  - 0031-6911
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 354
T1  - Probabilistic linkage of computerized ambulance and inpatient hospital discharge records: A potential tool for evaluation of emergency medical services
A1  - Dean,J.M.
A1  - Vernon,D.D.
A1  - Cook,L.
A1  - Nechodom,P.
A1  - Reading,J.
A1  - Suruda,A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001204669 IN - Dr. J.M. Dean, Division of Critical Care, Univ. of Utah School of Medicine, Primary Children's Medical Center, 100 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84113; United States. E-Mail: mike.dean@hsc.utah.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Emergency Health Service
KW  - *Hospital Discharge
KW  - *Hospital Patient
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Age
KW  - Ambulatory Care
KW  - Article
KW  - Breathing
KW  - children
KW  - City
KW  - Cost
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - events
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Admission
KW  - Hospital Discharge
KW  - Information
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pain
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Probability
KW  - problems
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Reading
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Survivors
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Utah
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 616
EP  - 626
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.Vol.37(6)()(pp 616-626), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 37
IS  - 6
N2  - Study objectives: Emergency medical services (EMS) is an important part of the health care system. The effect of EMS on morbidity, mortality, and costs of illness is difficult to evaluate because hospital information is not available in out-of-hospital databases. We used probabilistic linkage to create such a database from ambulance and inpatient data and demonstrate the potential for linkage to facilitate evaluation of EMS responses resulting in hospital admission. Methods: Statewide ambulance and inpatient hospital discharge records were available for 1994 through 1996. Ambulance records indicating admission to the emergency department or hospital (165,649 records) were linked to inpatient hospital records indicating emergency admission (146,292 records) by using probabilistic linkage. Out-of-hospital data (dispatch code, treatments rendered, and ages), linkage rates, and inpatient data (discharge status, charges, length of stay, and payer category) were analyzed. Results: We linked 24,299 (14.7%) ambulance events to inpatient hospital discharges. If we had used exact linkage methods, we would have only linked 14,621 record pairs, a loss of nearly 40%. Linkage rates were relatively constant between years (approximately 15%) but differed by ambulance dispatch codes. Out-of-hospital dispatch codes with high linkage rates included breathing problems (22.6%), chest pain (21.5%), diabetic problems (16.9%), drowning incidents (14.9%), falls (19.2%), strokes (32.8%), and unconsciousness or fainting episodes (16.1%). Linkage to the hospital record provided access to hospital outcome data. Inpatient mortality was 6.8%. Survivors were discharged home (60.7%), transferred to other acute-care facilities (3.6%) or intermediate-care facilities (23.3%), or discharged with home health care provision (4.9%). The median length of stay was 3 days, and median charges were $6,620; total inpatient charges were $286,737,067. Conclusion: Probabilistic linkage enables ambulance and hospital discharge records to be linked together and potentially increases our ability to critically evaluate EMS by providing access to hospital-based outcomes. Such evaluation will be further improved by linking to ED, other outpatient, and other public health data sources. [Dean JM, Vernon DD, Cook L, Nechodom P, Reading J, Suruda A. Probabilistic linkage of computerized ambulance and inpatient hospital discharge records: a potential tool for evaluation of emergency medical services
SN  - 0196-0644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 355
T1  - Colposcopy 101: A didactic curriculum to complement the clinical experience
A1  - Delzell,J.E.,Jr.
A1  - Pereira,S.L.
A1  - Ruplinger,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001356894 IN - Dr. J.E. Delzell Jr., University of Tennessee, St Francis Fam. Pract. Resid. Prog., 1301 Primacy Parkway, Memphis, TN 38119; United States. E-Mail: jdelzell@utmem.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200100
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Colposcopy
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Family Medicine
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Correlation Function
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Histopathology
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 658
EP  - 660
JF  - Family Medicine.Vol.33(9)()(pp 658-660), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 33
IS  - 9
N2  - The family medicine faculty who perform colposcopy at the University of Missouri-Columbia have developed an innovative didactic curriculum that is used as an adjunct to the clinical experience in teaching family practice residents about colposcopy. The curriculum is taught weekly during a colposcopy conference that is held in the family practice center and includes core topic lectures, pathology-correlate lectures, and a journal club. The core lecture series has 26 topics that range from basic to advanced colposcopy. Pathology-correlate lectures combine pathologic evaluation with the clinical colposcopic examination. The journal club systematically reviews and evaluates the colposcopy literature
SN  - 0742-3225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 356
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical trials: The new CONSORT system
A1  - Earl-Slater,A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001340026 IN - A. Earl-Slater, Department of Medicine, University College London, London; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Clinical Trial
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Sample
KW  - Standard
KW  - Time Management
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 211
EP  - 218
JF  - British Journal of Clinical Governance.Vol.6(3)()(pp 211-218), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 3
N2  - Examines a particular system for reporting clinical trials: the revised CONSORT system. Identifies its evolution and key components, indicating who may go on to use it, posting its key strengths, and concludes by identifying its outstanding limitations
SN  - 1466-4100
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 357
T1  - Critical appraisal and hierarchies of the evidence
A1  - Earl-Slater,A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001149987 IN - A. Earl-Slater, Department of Medicine, University College London, London; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200100
KW  - *Clinical Trial
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
JF  - British Journal of Clinical Governance.Vol.6(1)()(pp 59-63), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 1
N2  - First in a series of articles to address the critical appraisal of clinical trials. Provides background of knowledge, ideas and instruments to use to understand better the evidence, and tools used in looking at evidence. Provides a rationale for critical appraisal and three different hierarchies of the evidence
SN  - 1466-4100
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 358
T1  - The journal club in postgraduate medical education: A systematic review
A1  - Ebbert,J.O.
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Schultz,H.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001394758 IN - Dr. H.J. Schultz, Mayo Clinic, Department of of Internal Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905; United States CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Postgraduate Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conference proceedings
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 455
EP  - 461
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.23(5)()(pp 455-461), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 5
N2  - An investigation was made as to whether studies have found journal clubs for physicians in training to be effective for improving patient care, teaching critical appraisal skills, improving reading habits, increasing knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, and increasing the use of medical literature in clinical practice. A literature search was undertaken using 10 databases and retrieval systems and hand searches of journals, conference proceedings and personal files. The rigor of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was analyzed using a protocol based on methods established by the Cochrane Collaboration. One randomized controlled trial found an improvement in knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, reading habits, and the use of medical literature in practice, but no improvement in critical appraisal skills. Six less methodologically rigorous studies found possible improvement in critical appraisal skills. It is concluded that journal clubs may improve knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, reading habits, and the use of medical literature in practice. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial of journal clubs is needed to assess whether journal clubs improve critical appraisal skills
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 359
T1  - Readers' rights: Peer review in chinese medical publication
A1  - Felt,R.L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001161336 IN - R.L. Felt, 44 Linden Street, Brookline, MA 02445; United States CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Peer Review
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Article
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Chinese Medicine
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Commercial Phenomena
KW  - Consensus
KW  - consequence
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cultural Anthropology
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - Verbal Behavior
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 16
JF  - Clinical Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine.Vol.2(1)()(pp 9-16), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 2
IS  - 1
N2  - Among Western students and clinicians of Chinese medicine, the concept of peer review has become associated with specific aspects of academic and scientific writing that have immediate and obvious political and commercial consequences. For example, peer review is often discussed as if it were equivalent to a demand for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) or a specific approach to transparency in translation. While these are important issues, peer review is not a single specific practice but a philosophy indispensable to the traditional Western commitment to free expression. It is the critical means by which validity is assessed over time. It is necessary for the formation of consensus within any field. Peer access to information is also essential to recognizing the right of readers to know the sources and methods by which claims of value are made. Since a fundamental set of information needed for effective peer review can be described, the absence of uniform labels and formats is a significant lack that the Council of Oriental Medical Publishers (COMP) should address. copyright 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
SN  - 1461-1449
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 360
T1  - Critically appraised topics (CATs)
A1  - Foster,N.
A1  - Barlas,P.
A1  - Chesterton,L.
A1  - Wong,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001211756 CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Physiotherapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 179
EP  - 190
JF  - Physiotherapy.Vol.87(4)()(pp 179-190), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 87
IS  - 4
N2  - A critically appraised topic (CAT) is a summary of the best available evidence, which answers a clinical question and includes a clinical 'bottom-line'. A CAT is essentially patient-based, in that it begins with a clinical question generated from a specific patient situation or problem. As such, a CAT has direct relevance to clinicians, who may sometimes feel that the concepts of evidence-based medicine are idealistic and far removed from real clinical practice. This paper presents one method of helping to develop the skills of critical appraisal and present research findings in a clear and consistent manner, so that their clinical relevance may be understood and used to facilitate clinical decision-making. It discusses the essential steps in the formation of CATs and presents some examples, which were developed as part of a new module on evidence-based practice for physiotherapists. These examples are presented to show that the key components and uses of CATs are applicable to all physiotherapists, across all areas of practice. The use of CATs within physiotherapy practice offers a consistent method of critically appraising and summarising the results of research findings. Their formation, use and evaluation within the clinical environment offer one method of increasing confidence in understanding research as well as dissemination of important research findings within physiotherapy
SN  - 0031-9406
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 361
T1  - The implementation of critical pathways in gynecologic oncology in a managed care setting: A cost analysis
A1  - Ghosh,K.
A1  - Downs,L.S.
A1  - Padilla,L.A.
A1  - Murray,K.P.
A1  - Twiggs,L.B.
A1  - Letourneau,C.M.
A1  - Carson,L.F.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001392015 IN - Dr. K. Ghosh, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Univ. School of Medicine, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Clinical Pathway
KW  - *Gynecologic Cancer/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Gynecologic Cancer/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Hysterectomy
KW  - *Lymph Node Dissection
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - Cost Control
KW  - data
KW  - Deep Vein Thrombosis/co [Complication]
KW  - Deep Vein Thrombosis/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Diet
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endometrium Cancer/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Endometrium Cancer/su [Surgery]
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Feeding
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Human
KW  - Hysterectomy
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Lymph Node
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - Postoperative Pain/co [Complication]
KW  - Postoperative Pain/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Postoperative Period
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Readmission
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Uterine Cervix Cancer/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Uterine Cervix Cancer/su [Surgery]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 378
EP  - 382
JF  - Gynecologic Oncology.Vol.83(2)()(pp 378-382), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 83
IS  - 2
N2  - Objectives. The aim of the study is to determine whether critical pathways can be implemented at an academic institution to limit cost, without compromising patient satisfaction and quality of care. Patients and methods. Patients undergoing a hysterectomy with either cervical or endometrial cancer were placed on specific critical pathways consecutively for an 18-month study period. Preoperative: teaching was intensified to educate the patient regarding expectations during the postoperative period. All patients were started on early feeding and patients were also placed on separate care pathways addressing pain and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. Total direct costs and patient satisfaction were obtained throughout the study period. During the year prior to care pathway implementation, patient data and direct costs were obtained for the preintervention group utilized for comparison. Postintervention groups were summarized every 6 months during the study period. Results. From January 1997 through June 1998, 63 patients with cervical carcinoma undergoing a radical hysterectomy (DRG 353) and 21 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent a hysterectomy and lymph node sampling (DRG 355) were utilized as the preintervention group. During the 18-month study period (July 1998-December 1999), 42 patients (DRG 353) and 25 patients (DRG 355) were accrued. The average length of stay was reduced from 5.2 (DRG 353) and 4.7 days (DRG 355) prior to implementation of pathways to 3.4 days in both groups. In addition, total direct costs were reduced by 29 (DRG 353) and 32% (DRG 355) after implementation of care pathways. Patient satisfaction data recorded during the study did not demonstrate any change throughout the study period nor were there any higher rates of readmission after implementation of the care pathways. Conclusions. Critical pathways in gynecologic oncology can be implemented in a managed care environment in order to maintain high quality of care, maintain outcomes, and help reduce COSTS. copyright 2001 Academic Press
SN  - 0090-8258
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 362
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: What kind of competencies should medical education provide?. [German]
A1  - Helou,A.
A1  - Perleth,M.
A1  - Luhmann,D.
A1  - Langenberg,C.
A1  - Busse,R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001349325 IN - Prof. A. Helou, G. S. fur Konzert. Akt. G., Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit, Am Probsthof 78a, 53121 Bonn; Germany. E-Mail: helou@bmg.bund.de CP - Germany OT - EVIDENZBASIERTE MEDIZIN (EBM) ERFOLGREICH PRAKTIZIEREN: WELCHE KOMPETENZEN SOLLTE DIE MEDIZINISCHE AUSBILDUNG VERMITTELN? LG - German PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200100
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - consequence
KW  - context
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - medical training
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 37
JF  - Medizinische Ausbildung.Vol.18(1)()(pp 31-37), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 18
IS  - 1
N2  - Background: The concept of Evidence-based Medicine, well-known in angloamerican countries, gains increasing importance in Germany. This article addresses the issue of consequences concerning the influence of EBM on medical education in Germany. A special focus was laid on competencies the medical training should provide in order to practice EBM successfully. Furthermore we give an overview on the existing approaches in Germany to integrate EBM into the medical curriculum. Methods: Review of literature, construction of a competency grid, questionnaire. Results and conclusions: (1) Competencies: The successful practice of EBM requires the willingness to integrate the use of scientific evidence in routine health care and to evaluate the personal clinical performance critically. Knowledge in clinical epidemiology, clinical decision making and patient-oriented issues of diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and etiology is crucial. Skills with critical appraisal are a prerequisite for the practice of EBM. (2) Teaching methods: EBM should be taught in an undogmatic and pragmatic manner. Depending on context and objectives, combinations of different teaching methods are adequate. Problem- and project-based teaching methods are particularly useful. (3) Integration of EBM into the medical curriculum: In Germany, EBM is offered in optional workshops as well as in mandatory courses within the regular curriculum. However, many barriers to EBM still exist. In the long-term, a successful implementation of EBM requires the development of both robust and practical teaching and evaluation concepts
SN  - 1435-5116
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 363
T1  - Assessments in evidence-based medicine workshops: Loose connection between perception of knowledge and its objective assessment
A1  - Khan,K.S.
A1  - Awonuga,A.O.
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Taylor,R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001025082 IN - Dr. K.S. Khan, Acad. Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynaecol., Birmingham Women's Hlth. Care Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: khalid.khan@bham-womens.thenhs.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Workshop
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Perception
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Scales
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - thought
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
EP  - 94
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.23(1)()(pp 92-94), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 1
N2  - The outcome of continuing education programs is often based on self-assessment. We evaluated the relationship of self-assessment of knowledge based on rating scales with scores obtained on objective validated tests in evidence-based medicine workshops. In the West Midlands region (1998), 55 participants attended three workshops in critical appraisal of the medical literature. They completed two self-assessment questionnaires: one used a rating scale to subjectively examine the level of knowledge of six different literature appraisal issues; the other objectively assessed participants' literature appraisal knowledge in those issues using validated multiple true-false questions. Comparison of subjective scores reflecting understanding of specific literature appraisal issues with corresponding objective test scores revealed a poor correlation (rs ranged from -0.29 to 0.60 for the different knowledge issues assessed). Perception of ones level of knowledge did not always correlate with correctly possessed knowledge. In some instances, those who thought they were knowledgeable actually possessed incorrect knowledge. Therefore, continuing medical education programs should focus on objective, not subjective tests to assess outcome
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 364
T1  - Correspondence section: Journal club [1]
A1  - Phillips,B.
A1  - Buttery,J.
A1  - Collins,C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001217388 IN - J. Buttery, University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU; United Kingdom. E-Mail: Jim.buttery@paediatrics.oxford.ac.uk CP - Norway LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200100
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Norway
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 592
JF  - Acta Paediatrica.Vol.90(5)()(pp 592), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 90
IS  - 5
SN  - 0803-5253
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 365
T1  - Principles of critical appraisal in evidence-based medicine
A1  - Skapinakis,P.A.
A1  - Stimpson,N.
A1  - Thomas,H.V.
A1  - Dustan,F.
A1  - Araya,R.
A1  - Lewis,G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001433453 IN - P.A. Skapinakis, Heath Park, Cardiff CF 14 4XN; United Kingdom. E-Mail: skapinakisp@cardiff.ac.uk CP - Greece LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200201
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Data
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Greece
KW  - health
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
EP  - 203
JF  - Archives of Hellenic Medicine.Vol.18(2)()(pp 192-203), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 18
IS  - 2
N2  - The term critical appraisal of the literature, as used in the context of evidence-based medicine (EBM), refers to the application of predefined rules of evidence to a study to assess its methodological quality and the clinical usefulness of its results. Critical appraisal represents the most 'technical' step in the process of EBM and can be quite demanding for the practitioner. The aim of this paper is to provide the reader with the theoretical skills necessary to understand the principles behind critical appraisal of the literature. These include: (a) the description of the main types of study design used in epidemiological research, (b) the basic statistical procedures used in data analysis, (c) the principles of causal inference and (d) the description of the types of health outcome and measures of effect. These issues are discussed in the present paper and illustrated with several examples from the relevant literature
SN  - 1105-3992
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 366
T1  - Evidence-based anaesthesia and critical care
A1  - Smyth,R.L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001203142 IN - R.L. Smyth, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP; United Kingdom. E-Mail: r.l.smyth@liv.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Anesthesia
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analytical Error
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Professional Standard
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 48
EP  - 54
JF  - Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care.Vol.12(1)()(pp 48-54), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 1
N2  - Anaesthesia and critical care are important, acute specialities in which the practitioners need considerable dexterity and practical skills as well as an ability to think quickly in an emergency situation. However, although technical skills are clearly very important to achieving good outcomes, identifying and integrating the best available evidence from clinical research is also important to improve patient care. Clinicians who wish to use an 'evidence-based' approach to the practice of anaesthesia and critical care will need to learn some new skills such as those of comprehensively searching the medical literature and critically appraising clinical studies. These processes are often time consuming and a number of shortcuts have been developed to enable clinicians to obtain up-to-date valid summaries of the clinical evidence. One such approach is to read systematic reviews. Systematic reviews provide summaries of the results of studies (such as randomized controlled trials) using a rigorous methodology. The methodology is designed to limit bias and reduce random errors, thus providing reliable results on which to draw conclusions and make decisions. If appropriate, a systematic review may include a meta-analysis of the results of a number of different studies. Meta-analysis is a statistical method used to aggregate data from independent studies. It can provide more precise estimates than those derived from the individual studies included in the review. Systematic reviews are now becoming increasingly used and many are of high quality and are reliable, such as those published on the Cochrane Library. However, evidence-based practitioners will need to critically appraise systematic reviews to ensure that they are of a sufficiently high standard to be used to guide practice. By identifying best evidence and applying it appropriately clinicians can ensure that the management of patients is based on clinically useful diagnostic tests and treatments which are effective and not harmful. copyright 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
SN  - 0953-7112
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 367
T1  - Inviting a statistician to join an evidence-based journal club
A1  - Swift,G.
A1  - Crotty,F.
A1  - Moran,M.
A1  - McDonough,C.M.
A1  - Moran,A.
A1  - Casey,P.R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001387099 IN - Dr. G. Swift, Department of Psychiatry, Rawnsley Building, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200100
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Academic Achievement
KW  - active learning
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Personnel
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - respect
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 397
EP  - 399
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.25(10)()(pp 397-399), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 25
IS  - 10
N2  - Aims and method: In response to frequent cancellations, we recently changed the format of our journal club. We invited a statistician to attend and each meeting focused specifically on critical appraisal and statistical analysis. Active learning principles were used where every participant critically appraised an aspect of the paper presented at each meeting. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the impact of the new format on attendance and satisfaction levels. Attendance and satisfaction levels were measured in the 3 months before and the 3 months after the new format was introduced. Results: Average attendance increased from 10 to 15, with two psychologists and two trainees who did not work in the hospital starting to attend regularly. Satisfaction levels also increased significantly with respect to academic interest, enjoyment, usefulness and overall satisfaction. Conclusion: Combining statistical expertise with principles of active learning has led to increased satisfaction levels among participants in our journal club
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 368
T1  - Evidence-based practice and physiotherapy in the 1990s
A1  - Turner,P.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001428445 IN - P. Turner, School of Health, University of Teesside, Middlesborough TS1 3BA; United Kingdom. E-Mail: P.Turner@tees.ack.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200100
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Physiotherapy
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Documentation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Education
KW  - health research
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Department
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 121
JF  - Physiotherapy Theory & Practice.Vol.17(2)()(pp 107-121), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 17
IS  - 2
N2  - Physiotherapy emerged as a profession only a century ago and has a fragile, but evolving research evidence base. Physiotherapy has been subject to decades of criticism for its lack of research utilisation, and is often perceived as a profession whose treatment techniques lack scientific support. Numerous editorials and scholarly addresses have urged physiotherapists to become research consumers. The 1990s saw evidence-based practice emerge as a new paradigm within health care and health education, and also the emergence of initiatives like the Cochrane Collaboration, and the UK Department of Health Research and Development initiative, which aim to promote evidence use within the health professions. To determine the extent to which physiotherapy has responded to these criticisms and initiatives this paper presents studies that have explored the fundamental questions of whether physiotherapists read journal literature, implement research findings into practice, and employ scientific documentation and measures. The results of the various studies consistently indicate that despite the numerous initiatives to promote evidence use, many physiotherapy clinicians remain unaware of the extent and nature of published research evidence. The assimilation and utilisation of research literature among physiotherapy clinicians is limited, with the exception of those with higher-degree experience. Journal provision and access to journal clubs within physiotherapy hospital departments is poor. The major factors influencing practice were education, prior experience, and peer opinion, rather than research and evidence. Deficiencies in quality and type of documentation also emerged in addition to an apparent unwillingness to employ evidence-based outcome measures. Methods for maximising the positive findings and addressing the deficiencies that emerged are proposed
SN  - 0959-3985
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 369
T1  - Evidence-based journal clubs and the critical review paper
A1  - Walker,N.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2001214560 IN - Dr. N. Walker, Department of Psychiatry, Renfrewshire/Iverclyde Prim. Care, Ravenscraig Hospital, Inverkip Road, Greenock PA16 9HA; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200100
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Training
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 237
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.25(6)()(pp 237), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 25
IS  - 6
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 370
T1  - A taxonomy for responsiveness
A1  - Beaton,D.E.
A1  - Bombardier,C.
A1  - Katz,J.N.
A1  - Wright,J.G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002001197 IN - D.E. Beaton, Institute for Work and Health, 250 Bloor St East, Ste 702, Toronto, Ont. M4W 1E6; Canada. E-Mail: dbeaton@iwh.on.ca CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200202
KW  - *Biostatistics
KW  - *Disease Classification
KW  - *Disease Course
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Taxonomy
KW  - *Treatment Outcome
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Average
KW  - Canada
KW  - Classification
KW  - context
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Human
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - meaning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Relative
KW  - Reliability
KW  - responsiveness
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment effectiveness
KW  - United States
KW  - Variance
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1204
EP  - 1217
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.54(12)()(pp 1204-1217), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 54
IS  - 12
N2  - Responsiveness is quickly becoming a critical criterion for the selection of outcomes measures in studies of treatment effectiveness, economic appraisals, and other program evaluations. Statistical characteristics, specifically 'large effect sizes,' are often felt to indicate the relative worth of one instrument over another. However, debates about their meaning led the present authors to propose a taxonomy for responsiveness based on the context of the study concerned. The three axes underlying the classification system relate to: who is this being analyzed for (individuals or groups); which scores are being contrasted (over time/at one point in time); and the type of change being quantified (for example, observed change or important change). It is concluded that responsiveness should be considered a highly contextualized attribute of an instrument, rather than a static property and should be described only in that way. A questionnaire could thus be described as being 'responsive to' a given category in the new taxonomy. Copyright copyright 2001 Elsevier Science Inc
SN  - 0895-4356
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 371
T1  - A multiprofessional perspective of the role and training needs for research utilisation in healthcare
A1  - Clifford,C.M.
A1  - Murray,S.
A1  - Kelly,S.M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002028540 IN - Prof. C.M. Clifford, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: c.m.clifford@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200206
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Confidence
KW  - context
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cultural Factor
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Economic Aspect
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Factorial Analysis
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Science
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Information System
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Staff
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Quantitative Analysis
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Resource Management
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Aspect
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Training
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 182
JF  - Journal of Clinical Excellence.Vol.3(4)()(pp 175-182), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 4
N2  - The study reported here was designed to explore the role of research and associated training needs in the work of nurses, doctors and physiotherapy staff. A sample of convenience (n = 96) completed a training needs analyasis questionnaire adapted from earlier work (Hicks et al.). A range of quantitative and qualitative data was collected. All respondents indicated a lack of research skill base within their professional groups, although the nursing group rated their preparation for research more positively than their medical and physiotherapy colleagues did. Medical group scores tended towards disagreement in the context of professional confidence to carry out research but, although there was a statistically significant difference in scores when compared with the other two groups, the mean weighting tended towards the neutral. Areas where more than 50% in all groups identified training needs included critical appraisal, using information technology and interpreting statistical data. Other training needs identified showed differing priorities between the three groups. A higher number of medical respondents indicated a desire to undertake statistical analysis compared with their nursing and physiotherapy colleagues; the medical and physiotherapy groups rated undertaking systematic reviews higher than the nursing group. Qualitative data reflected other studies examining the use of research in practice, identifying factors such as resources, organisation support and further educational opportunity. Data suggest that the problems in using research are similar across professional groups, although there may be a need to target differing topics when addressing training needs of different groups of healthcare professionals
SN  - 1465-9883
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 372
T1  - Evaluation and appraisal of randomized controlled trials in myeloma
A1  - Djulbegovic,B.
A1  - Adams,J.R.
A1  - Lyman,G.H.
A1  - Lacevic,M.
A1  - Hozo,I.
A1  - Greenwich,M.
A1  - Bennett,C.L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002027675 IN - Dr. C.L. Bennett, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Med. School, VA Med. Sci. Bldg., 400 E. Onatario, Chicago, IL 60611; United States. E-Mail: cbenne@northwestern.edu CP - Netherlands LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200206
KW  - *Multiple Myeloma/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Cancer Survival
KW  - Cancer Therapy
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Death
KW  - Double Blind Procedure
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - power
KW  - Power Analysis
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - School
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - strategies
KW  - Survival
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1611
EP  - 1617
JF  - Annals of Oncology.Vol.12(11)()(pp 1611-1617), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 11
N2  - Purpose: To critically appraise therapeutic innovations tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in multiple myeloma from 1966-1998. Design: We performed a comprehensive search to identify published RCTs in multiple myeloma. Quality dimensions of the design, conduct, analysis and reporting of each trial were assessed. Results: We identified 136 RCTs reported in 114 papers. Overall, therapeutic efforts in multiple myeloma resulted in a 5% absolute gain in five-year survival at a cost of a 0.35% increase in treatment related deaths. Hence on average a patient enrolled in a RCT in myeloma is 14 (5/35) times more likely to be helped than harmed. However, when the RCTs were critically appraised for key quality dimensions of trials' conduct, we found that only 7% of the trials (10 of 136) were analyzed according to intention-to-treat (ITT), 9% (12 of 136) reported a power analysis (beta error), 32% (35 of 111) adequately concealed treatment allocation, 78% (106 of 136) provided a detailed description of patient withdrawals, and 83% (19 of 22) of the double blind RCTs had appropriately described methodology. Conclusions: Therapeutic innovations tested through RCTs have improved the outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma. However, the quality of RCT reporting and methodology in multiple myeloma could be substantially improved. Most therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma are based on modest quality, low power evidence. Despite these shortcomings our findings suggest patients may often clinically benefit from enrollment in clinical trials when available. Patients on average received modest benefit from innovative therapies tested in RCTs at little additional risk of side effects
SN  - 0923-7534
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 373
T1  - Can residents conduct a journal club in a better way? [6]
A1  - Manzar,S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002086252 IN - Dr. S. Manzar, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal University, KFUH, Al-Khobar 31952; Saudi Arabia CP - Saudi Arabia LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200212
KW  - *Residency Education
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Organization
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Resident
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 262
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.21(3-4)()(pp 262), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 21
IS  - 3-4
SN  - 0256-4947
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 374
T1  - Critical appraisal personal learning projects
A1  - Shannon,S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002098694 IN - Dr. S. Shannon, Department of Radiology, H. Hlth. Sci. Corp.-C.-McMaster Site, Station LCD 1, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5; Canada. E-Mail: shannons@mcmaster.ca CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200213
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Diagnostic Test
KW  - *Radiodiagnosis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistical Model
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 357
EP  - 359
JF  - Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.Vol.52(6)()(pp 357-359), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 52
IS  - 6
N2  - Part of the CARJ education initiative to deliver information that will be of practical use in enhancing the skills necessary for the continuing professional development (CPD) of Canadian radiologists, this section describes the critical appraisal of research studies that evaluate diagnostic tests. The next issue will include a section on evaluating studies on interventional radiology
SN  - 0846-5371
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 375
T1  - Report of the International Leprosy Association technical forum: Paris, France 22-28 February 2002
A1  - Bizuneh,E.
A1  - Van Brakel,W.H.
A1  - Declercq,E.
A1  - Feenstra,P.
A1  - Fine,P.
A1  - Ji,B.
A1  - Krishnamurthy,P.
A1  - Levy,L.
A1  - Lockwood,D.N.J.
A1  - Noordeen,S.K.
A1  - Saunderson,P.
A1  - Sein,K.N.
A1  - Smith,C.
A1  - Virmond,M.
A1  - Yuasa,Y.
A1  - Dawson,S.
A1  - Noordzji,A.
A1  - Poobalan,A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002293436 IN - E. Bizuneh, ALERT, P.O. Box 165, Addis ababa; Ethiopia. E-Mail: leprosytb@telecom.net.et CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200236
KW  - *Leprosy/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Leprosy/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Leprosy/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Leprosy/pc [Prevention]
KW  - 10118-90-8,11006-27-2,13614-98-7 (minocycline)
KW  - 13292-46-1 (rifampicin)
KW  - 151096-09-2 (moxifloxacin)
KW  - 2030-63-9 (clofazimine)
KW  - 50-24-8 (prednisolone)
KW  - 61379-65-5 (rifapentine)
KW  - 77-46-3 (acedapsone)
KW  - 80-08-0 (dapsone)
KW  - 82419-36-1 (ofloxacin)
KW  - Acedapsone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Allergy/si [Side Effect]
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bcg Vaccine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Bcg Vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Classification
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clofazimine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Clofazimine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - consequence
KW  - control
KW  - Countries
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Dapsone/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Dapsone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Disease Control
KW  - Disease Transmission
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Early Diagnosis
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - expertise
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - France
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Household
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infection
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leprosy Control
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - methods
KW  - Minocycline/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Minocycline/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Moxifloxacin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Moxifloxacin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Mycobacterium Leprae
KW  - Ofloxacin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Ofloxacin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Organization
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parameter
KW  - participation
KW  - participatory approach
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Prednisolone/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Prednisolone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Protection
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Recording
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Register
KW  - Relapse
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - Rifampicin/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Rifampicin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Rifampicin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Rifapentine/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Rifapentine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Self Care
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Sensation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Skin Discoloration/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - Steroid
KW  - Steroid/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Steroid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - trends
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - Validity
KW  - Worker
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S1
EP  - S62
JF  - International Journal of Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases.Vol.70(1 SUPPL)()(pp S1-S62), 2002.
J1  - International Journal of Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases
VL  - Vol. 70
IS  - 1 SUPPL
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Tremendous progress has been made in control of leprosy, particularly since the adoption of multi-drug therapy (MDT) as standard treatment policy. However, despite a dramatic reduction of the number of leprosy patients registered for treatment, the number of newly detected cases at the global level has not shown a comparable decline. Moreover, other problems remain to be solved. In recent years, a number of new technical policies aimed at simplifying the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy have been recommended for application in the field. The implications of some of these policies appeared to require further discussion, in the light of evidence from research. To accomplish this, the International Leprosy Association (ILA) organized a Technical Forum, consisting of 16 experts in leprosy from 11 countries, to review critically the strategic issues related to leprosy control and the major technical policies being applied in the field. METHODS: An organizing committee developed a set of questions addressing important issues in the field of leprosy. A systematic search of the literature was carried out, using these questions to define the parameters of the search, and searching four health-related bibliographic databases covering the literature from the year 1966 onwards, as well as the bibliographies of papers already identified and the 'gray literature,' and contacting key researchers. Some 7000 titles and abstracts were read, from which more than 800 studies were selected as relevant. The critical studies have been graded in terms of the strength of the evidence, based on an objective assessment of the design and quality of each study, and a subjective judgement of the consistency, clinical relevance and external validity of the entire body of evidence. The Forum has produced evidence-based recommendations for leprosy control activities (graded EB). For those issues for which evidence was found to be lacking, the Forum has produced recommendations based on best practice (graded BP). Finally, the Forum has identified those areas requiring further research (graded R). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Global situation of leprosy - Actual prevalence is likely to differ significantly from available figures, which are based on the patients registered for treatment. In addition, there are many people living with the consequences of leprosy. Despite a dramatic reduction of the number registered cases, the global new-case detection-rate has not declined. Furthermore, there is no evidence that, once a predefined level of prevalence rate is reached, leprosy will necessarily die out. It is very likely that significant numbers of new patients will continue to present for many years. Thus, it is essential to ensure that leprosy control activities be sustained, even in countries or areas that have officially reached the elimination target (BP). Diagnosis and classification - Approximately 70 per cent of leprosy patients can be diagnosed by the single sign of skin patches with sensory loss, and this sign of leprosy should be taught as widely as possible. However, 30 per cent of patients, including many multibacillary (MB) patients, do not present with sign. Enlargement of one or more nerves is an important additional sign, to be supplemented by skin-smears, if these are available and of assured quality. This has implications for training: peripheral health workers should be taught to suspect leprosy by becoming familiar with the typical appearance of leprosy skin lesions. Patients with suspicious lesions that are not anesthetic should be referred. Health workers at the first referral level must be able to diagnose almost all cases of leprosy among suspects referred to them (EB). The skin-smear remains the most accurate means of classifying leprosy in the field. In practice, however, classification can be based on counting the number of skin lesions: paucibacillary (PB) <=5 patches; MB >5 patches (EB). Further research into easily applicable and cost-effective tests that would be useful for identifying Mycobacterium leprae infection and diagnosing leprosy should be continued (R). Chemotherapy - The 24-month MDT regimen for MB patients and the six-month regimen for PB patients have been found to be highly effective for routine application in the field (EB). Currently, almost all MB patients are being treated by 12-month MDT; however, very little information is available regarding the rate of relapse among patients treated by this regimen. Therefore, field programs with adequate facilities should monitor the relapse rates. Surveillance among relapsed patients for the emergence of rifampicin resistance should be carried out by special centers (R). Although a shorter, common regimen for both PB and MB leprosy is desirable, such a regimen must first be studied in controlled trials, with relapse as the outcome, before it can be implemented (R). Nerve function should be included as an outcome measure in chemotherapy trials in leprosy (R). The system for delivery of MDT should be patient-friendly. Flexibility is important, but regular contact between the patient and the health worker should be maintained. Only in exceptional cases, in which the patient cannot be seen monthly, should more than a one-month supply of MDT blister-packs be provided (BP). Health workers should actively trace absentees and encourage them to complete their treatment as early as possible, instead of passively awaiting their return and removing them from the register as defaulters after an absence of 12 or more consecutive months (BP). Prevention of disability and rehabilitation - Early diagnosis of leprosy and treatment with MDT reduces the frequency of nerve function impairment (NFI). However, MDT will not prevent all NFI, and the magnitude of the impact of MDT on NFI is dependent on early case-detection and treatment (EB). During MDT, nerve function should be assessed regularly using, standard methods. PB patients with existing NFI and MB patients should be carefully monitored for new NFI, as they are at greatest risk. Steroids are recommended for the treatment of reactions and NFI of recent onset; the expected recovery rate for nerve function is approximately 60 per cent (EB). Relevant training and a supply of steroids should be assured. Research is recommended to identify the optimal steroid regimen, to develop alternative and more effective treatments for reactions and recent NFI, and to determine indications for treatment. Further research is recommended on the use of prophylactic steroids in preventing NFI (R). Teaching and empowering patients in self-care is an effective activity, which should be part of all leprosy programs. The use of locally acceptable, appropriate footwear is a cost-effective intervention for those with loss of plantar sensation (EB). Socio-economic rehabilitation, which requires participation by client, family and the community, is valuable for selected clients, and is best delivered through general, community-based rehabilitation programs (BP). Epidemiology and organization of leprosy services - There is no consistent evidence that the introduction of MDT has accelerated the decline of the incidence of leprosy. Whereas early diagnosis and regular treatment by MDT will remain the cornerstones of leprosy control for the foreseeable future, additional strategies should be developed, based on better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease (R). Vaccination with BCG as part of childhood immunization must be continued in countries in which leprosy still exists. Repeated BCG might be considered for individual protection of contacts of leprosy patients (EB). Because chemoprophylaxis with dapsone has been shown to be an effective way to reduce the incidence of leprosy, particularly among household contacts, the possible role of chemoprophylaxis based on bactericidal drugs should be further studied (R). More research is needed, particularly on transmission of M. leprae, the role of subclinical infection, progression from infection to disease, and trends of incidence of the disease, including the impact of MDT (R). Prevalence alone is of limited value as an indicator of leprosy control. The new-case detection-rate may be a better indication; this rate should be analyzed in conjunction with other indicators. The treatment completion rate is an important indicator of the effectiveness of patient management (BP). To guarantee sustainable leprosy services, leprosy control programs should be integrated within the general health services. The process of change from a vertical to an integrated program should be carefully planned and adapted to the local situation. An uninterrupted supply of anti-leprosy drugs must be guaranteed. Field procedures, including recording and reporting, must be simplified (BP). Where case-detection rates are low, a focused approach is appropriate, whereby services are provided mainly in selected general health facilities in the areas in which leprosy still occurs. The skills of health workers will be limited mainly to suspecting leprosy. Referral facilities should confirm the diagnosis and begin treatment. Continuation of treatment could be delegated to the peripheral health facility serving the community in which the patient resides. The resources devoted to leprosy must be in balance with those required for other, often much more serious, public health problems (BP). Training of all categories of staff involved in leprosy control should be task-oriented. Leprosy should be included in the curricula of medical faculties and paramedical schools. Every major leprosy-endemic country should have at least one center with expertise for training of specialized staff (BP). Information-education-communication (IEC) activities, especially those employing participatory approaches, result in increased knowledge, change of behavior, and reduction of stigma (EB)
SN  - 0148-916X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 376
T1  - Electronic evidence-based medicine (e-MBE): Methodology, advantages and limitations. [Spanish]
A1  - Carrasco,G.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002261022 IN - G. Carrasco, Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 660, 08004 Barcelona; Spain. E-Mail: uci.scias@mx4.redestb.es CP - Spain OT - MEDICINA BASADA EN LA EVIDENCIA 'ELECTRONICA' (E-MBE): METODOLOGIA, VENTAJAS Y LIMITACIONES LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200231
KW  - *Electronics
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - equity
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Experience
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - formulation
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - Intention
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Microcomputer
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 125
JF  - Revista de Calidad Asistencial.Vol.17(2)()(pp 113-125), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 17
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to optimize decision making by applying the best available evidence. This movement, which originated in clinical practice, has progressively spread through other organizational levels of health services such as management and planning, giving rise to what is known as evidence based healthcare (EBH). The main limitation of this approach is that best evidence is considered as that from controlled clinical studies (CCS) analyzing the effectiveness of interventions, or as evidence based on qualitative or quantitative reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) of CCS. Because of the revolution in information systems produced by the Internet, critical review of the evidence can now be practiced from any personal computer and this has given rise to what can be called electronic EBM (e-EBM). The practice of e-MBE requires four serial steps. 1. Identification of the problem and precise formulation of an answerable question about the problem. 2. Accessing the best evidence available in the literature to respond to the question. 3. Critical evaluation of the available evidence, and 4. Application of the conclusions to daily practice and evaluation of decisions. The search for relevant literature on the formulated question can be can be carried out in secondary sources (Cochrane Library, Bandolier, ACP Journal Club, Evidence-Based Medicine, Evidence-Based Nursing, Journal of Family Practice, Evidence-Based Purchasing, Journal of Evidence-Based Health Policy and Management) and primary sources (Medline, EMBASE or Indice Medico Espan~ol). Appraisal of documents should determine their validity (proximity to reality) and utility (clinical applicability) with a simple method to filter the studies using five steps: 1. Read the title, if it is not interesting the article can be rejected. 2. Read the summary, if it is flawed the study can be discarded. 3. Consider the clinical scenario and whether the results are applicable to the question. 4. Evaluate whether the design was appropriate to the intention of the study (studies of diagnostic tests should include independent and blind comparisons with the gold standard, treatment studies should include a cohort, etiological studies should use a consistent method to establish causation and treatment analyses should involve randomization), and 5. Transfer the acquired knowledge to daily practice. This exercise should be accompanied by the necessary experience to be able to weigh up the risks and benefits, as well as to consider the expectations and preferences of patients. Conclusions: Society increasingly demands that healthcare systems improve their equity, efficiency and quality, which implies optimizing the scientific basis of the decision making process. Decisions based on scientific rigor are obviously preferable to those based on uncertainty since health professionals manage other people's resources which should be used to benefit the society we serve
SN  - 1134-282X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 377
T1  - Stress and depressive symptoms among Mexican American elders
A1  - Chiriboga,D.A.
A1  - Black,S.A.
A1  - Aranda,M.
A1  - Markides,K.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002403221 IN - D.A. Chiriboga, Department of Aging, Louis Parte Fla. Mental Hlth. Inst., University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612; United States. E-Mail: dchiriboga@fmhi.usf.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200247
KW  - *Depression
KW  - *Stress
KW  - Acculturation
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aging
KW  - Article
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cultural Factor
KW  - Death
KW  - Demography
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Economic Aspect
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnic Group
KW  - Etiology
KW  - events
KW  - Female
KW  - Florida
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Income
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Life
KW  - Life Event
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - play
KW  - Population
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Probability
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Social Problem
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Symptomatology
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 559
EP  - 568
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences.Vol.57(6)()(pp P559-P568), 2002.
J1  - Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
VL  - Vol. 57
IS  - 6
N2  - Although social stressors have successfully predicted depressive symptomatology in a number of populations, few studies have examined the relevance of stressors for Mexican American elders. Results are reported here from a multistage probability sample of 3,050 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older drawn from a 5-state region. Participants reported low levels of education and income, and most reported difficulty in reading or writing in English. Deaths, illness of close other, and financial problems were the three most frequent life events, and many reported financial strains. Depressive symptoms were then regressed on demographic indicators, cognitive status, linguistic acculturation, social supports, and three types of stressors. Being a woman, lower income, decreased income, chronic financial strain, and several health stressors were associated with greater symptomatology. Results identified a cluster of economic stressors and conditions that may play a critical role in the etiology of depressive symptoms in this minority population
SN  - 1079-5014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 378
T1  - Critical appraisal of the minimal clinical recommendations (MCR) of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO): Challenges for a European framework for the development of clinical practice guideline (multiple letters) [2]
A1  - Frevers,B.
A1  - Philip,T.
A1  - Browman,G.P.
A1  - Stahel,R.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002342112 IN - B. Fervers, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon; France. E-Mail: fervers@lyon.fnclcc.fr CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200241
KW  - *Oncology
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Europe
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1507
EP  - 1509
JF  - Annals of Oncology.Vol.13(9)()(pp 1507-1509), 2002.
J1  - Annals of Oncology
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 9
SN  - 0923-7534
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 379
T1  - Making practice decisions: Is what's good for the goose good for the gander?
A1  - Gambrill,E.
A1  - Gibbs,L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002143315 IN - Dr. E. Gambrill, School of Social Welfare, 120 Haviland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7400; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200218
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Medical Decision Making
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - clients
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Worker
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 46
JF  - Ethical Human Sciences & Services.Vol.4(1)()(pp 31-46), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 4
IS  - 1
N2  - This study explored criteria social workers and social work students reported using to make decisions in three situations: with clients, when seeking help from a physician regarding a serious medical problem of their own, and criteria they would ideally like to use when working with clients. Criteria included both those that do not provide a rigorous appraisal of the accuracy of claims such as experience with a few cases and what is usually offered in an agency, and criteria reflecting a rigorous appraisal of claims such as results of controlled experimental studies. Results showed that in five samples of social workers and social work students (n = 207), respondents would hold their doctor to a statistically significantly higher standard of evidence than they would themselves. That is, respondents reported reliance on weak criteria when making decisions about their clients but wanted their physicians to rely on rigorous criteria. They reported that, ideally, they would like to use evidence-based criteria to make practice decisions. Possible reasons for reported use of different criteria in different situations are discussed and suggestions made for encouraging social workers to be more evidence-based (e.g., to search for research findings related to important practice decisions and critically appraise what is found as required by their professional code of ethics)
SN  - 1523-150X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 380
T1  - Economic implications of assisted reproduction techniques: A systematic review
A1  - Garceau,L.
A1  - Henderson,J.
A1  - Davis,L.J.
A1  - Petrou,S.
A1  - Henderson,L.R.
A1  - McVeigh,E.
A1  - Barlow,D.H.
A1  - Davidson,L.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002457572 IN - J. Henderson, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF; United Kingdom. E-Mail: jane.henderson@perinat.ox.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200301
KW  - *Health Economics
KW  - *Infertility Therapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - economics
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Fertilization in Vitro
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Economics
KW  - Human
KW  - Infertility/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Infertility/th [Therapy]
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
KW  - Intrauterine Insemination
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male Sterilization Reversal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - problems
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Sensitivity Analysis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3090
EP  - 3109
JF  - Human Reproduction.Vol.17(12)()(pp 3090-3109), 2002.Date of Publication: 01 DEC 2002.
VL  - Vol. 17
IS  - 12
N2  - Background: Approximately one in six couples experiences problems with their fertility at some point in their reproductive lives. The economic implications of the use of assisted reproductive techniques require consideration. Herein, the health economics research in this area are critically appraised. Methods: Multiple strategies were used to identify relevant studies. Earch title and abstract was idependently reviewed by two members of the study team and categorized according to perceived relevance. The selected papers were then assessed for quality and data were extracted, converted to UK pounds sterling at 1999/2000 prices, tabulated and critically appraised. Results: A total of 2547 papers was identified through the searches; this resulted in 30 economic evaluations, 22 cost studies and five economic benefit studies that met the selection criteria. The quality of these studies was mixed; many failed to disaggregate costs, discount future costs or conduct sensitivity analyses. Consistent findings included the following: Initiating treatment with intrauterine insemination appeared to be more cost-effective than IVF; vasectomy reversal appeared to be more cost-effective than ICSI; factors associated with poor prognosis decreased the cost-effectiveness of interventions. Conclusions: The cost-effectiveness of different interventions should be considereed when making decisions about treatment. Future economic appraisals of assisted reproductive techniques would benefit from more robust methodology than is evident in much of the published literature to date
SN  - 0268-1161
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 381
T1  - An overview of clinical research: The lay of the land
A1  - Grimes,D.A.
A1  - Schulz,K.F.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002052860 IN - Dr. D.A. Grimes, Family Health International, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; United States. E-Mail: dgrimes@fhi.org CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200208
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Contrast
KW  - control
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Health
KW  - health
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Study
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - values
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 61
JF  - Lancet.Vol.359(9300)()(pp 57-61), 2002.Date of Publication: 05 JAN 2002.
VL  - Vol. 359
IS  - 9300
N2  - Many clinicians report that they cannot read the medical literature critically. To address this difficulty, we provide a primer of clinical research for clinicians and researchers alike. Clinical research falls into two general categories: experimental and observational, based on whether the investigator assigns the exposures or not. Experimental trials can also be subdivided into two: randomised and non-randomised. Observational studies can be either analytical or descriptive. Analytical studies feature a comparison (control) group, whereas descriptive studies do not. Within analytical studies, cohort studies track people forward in time from exposure to outcome. By contrast, case-control studies work in reverse, tracing back from outcome to exposure. Cross-sectional studies are like a snapshot, which measures both exposure and outcome at one time point. Descriptive studies, such as case-series reports, do not have a comparison group. Thus, in this type of study, investigators cannot examine associations, a fact often forgotten or ignored. Measures of association, such as relative risk or odds ratio, are the preferred way of expressing results of dichotomous outcomes - eg, sick versus healthy. Confidence intervals around these measures indicate the precision of these results. Measures of association with confidence intervals reveal the strength, direction, and a plausible range of an effect as well as the likelihood of chance occurrence. By contrast, p values address only chance. Testing null hypotheses at a p value of 0.05 has no basis in medicine and should be discouraged
SN  - 0140-6736
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 382
T1  - Informing client-centred practice through qualitative inquiry: Evaluating the quality of qualitative research
A1  - Hammell,K.W.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002166484 IN - Dr. K.W. Hammell, KWH Consulting Service, Box 515, Oxbow, Sask. S0C 2B0; Canada CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200221
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Canada
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Consumer
KW  - consumer involvement
KW  - context
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - inquiry
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - research process
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 184
JF  - British Journal of Occupational Therapy.Vol.65(4)()(pp 175-184), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 65
IS  - 4
N2  - Occupational therapists are increasingly embracing qualitative research methods yet little published advice exists in the occupational therapy literature to enable readers to gauge the quality and relevance of researchers' work. If qualitative research is to provide convincing evidence with which to inform theory and practice, it must be capable of withstanding critical scrutiny and practitioners must be given sufficient information with which to evaluate the strength and plausibility of the evidence reported. The process of undertaking qualitative research and of writing and critiquing subsequent reports is not about assessing adherence to rigid rules but of ensuring the appropriateness and thoroughness of data collection, analysis and reporting, given the nature and context of the issue. The espousal of a client-centred ethic also demands consideration of research relevance and usefulness to clients and the degree of consumer involvement throughout the research process. This paper examines an evaluative framework that may be used to assess the quality of qualitative evidence as this is both researched and reported. Recourse to a set of general strategies - used where appropriate - will serve to enhance the quality of qualitative research and assert its potential to inform the client-centred, evidence-based practice of occupational therapy
SN  - 0308-0226
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 383
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: (2) How to appraise a clinical paper critically
A1  - Jones,C.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002241743 CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200230
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Drug Research
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Competence
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Drug Industry
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Expert
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - practice
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 875
EP  - 877
JF  - Pharmaceutical Journal.Vol.268(7203)()(pp 875-877), 2002.Date of Publication: 22 JUN 2002.
VL  - Vol. 268
IS  - 7203
N2  - With the wealth of good and bad information so readily available to patients today and the emphasis on evidence-based practice, in order to remain the expert, it is an essential skill for pharmacists to be able to form a justifiable opinion or make an appropriate decision based on scientific papers. The ability to evaluate information will also enable you to deal with the claims of drug company representatives and finally, with the advent of pharmacist prescribing, this is a skill that will carry the profession into the future
SN  - 0031-6873
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 384
T1  - Web reports: Critically appraising online resources
A1  - Lapinsky,S.
A1  - Mehta,S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002437763 IN - Dr. S. Lapinsky, Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Canada. E-Mail: stephen.lapinsky@utoronto.ca CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200251
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - *Online System
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Computer Program
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information System
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Reliability
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 462
JF  - Critical Care (London).Vol.6(6)()(pp 462), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - London
SN  - 1364-8535
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 385
T1  - A description of a community-oriented cum PBL post graduate training course for health districts managers in Central Africa
A1  - Le,Vigouroux A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002334044 IN - Dr. A. Le Vigouroux, S/c SCAC, Ambassade de France, 2105 Libreville; Gabon. E-Mail: alv@internetgabon.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200240
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Africa
KW  - Article
KW  - Career
KW  - Central Africa
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Countries
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - France
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Management
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pedagogics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Urban Area
KW  - Vocation
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 158
EP  - 165
JF  - Education for Health.Vol.15(2)()(pp 158-165), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 2
N2  - CIESPAC (Centre inter-etats d'Enseignement en Sante Publique pour l'Afrique centrale), a sub-regional public health training institution, originally located in Brazzaville, was created with the vocation of providing Central African countries with qualified health services managers (the turbulent events that occurred in Brazzaville in June 1997 prompted the transfer of the institution to Yaounde in Cameroon). It offers several courses, the most recent of which culminates with a professional diploma in public health and targets mainly potential health district managers (DPSP - Diplome Professionnel en Sante Publique). This paper reviews the first four-year experience of implementing the 'community-oriented problem-based learning' (PBL) pedagogic approach in francophone Africa. About 70 health professionals (mainly MD and diploma nurses) were trained, using the PBL approach, within a period of three years. Practical field training activities involving the neighbouring urban communities of the institution as training sites were given a key place in the course and thus allowed trainees to perceptively appraise the priority health problems of a district. The most important thing trainees learnt during this course was how to learn. Some of them were also able to participate in some operational research. From this experience, it is clear that trainees are coached to learn solving problems on their own for the rest of their professional career. The neighbouring community of a training institution, when properly approached, can provide a very fertile teaching ground where trainees can acquire first hand practical experience in learning to collaborate with local communities. However, the PBL pedagogic approach requests a mutual understanding between trainees and trainers. As such there is a need for a careful selection of trainees and, even more importantly, for a critical mass of competent and motivated trainers
SN  - 1357-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 386
T1  - Evidence-based nutrition
A1  - Margetts,B.M.
A1  - Vorster,H.H.
A1  - Venter,C.S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002310633 IN - Dr. B.M. Margarets, Public Health Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Southampton; United Kingdom CP - South Africa LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200237
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Nutritional Science
KW  - Affect
KW  - Africa
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Nutritional Health
KW  - Paper
KW  - Population
KW  - problems
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - South Africa
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 12
JF  - South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition.Vol.15(2)()(pp 7-12), 2002.
J1  - South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 2
N2  - The evidence-based approach has recently been implemented to translate the vast body of literature available into effective action aimed at addressing the pressing nutritional problems that affect populations. In this paper, the first in a series on the topic, the meaning of evidence-based nutrition (EBN) is clarified and the broad outlines of how to review and interpret both individual papers and reviews of a collection of papers is discussed. The objectives of the EBN approach and the steps to follow in the process are outlined. A useful checklist for the critical appraisal of research papers is given and criteria for reviewing reviews of all relevant available information are discussed. The benefits of the EBN approach are highlighted
SN  - 1011-8578
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 387
T1  - What is evidence-based surgery?
A1  - McLeod,R.S.
A1  - Wille-Jorgensen,P.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002125522 IN - Dr. R.S. McLeod, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M5G 1X5; Canada. E-Mail: rmcleod@mtsinai.on.ca CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200216
KW  - *Colorectal Surgery
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Technology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 9
JF  - Seminars in Colon & Rectal Surgery.Vol.13(1)()(pp 3-9), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine has been defined as 'the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.' In other words, clinical decisions should be based on the best available evidence rather than relying on anecdotal experience, expert opinion, or traditional ways. To practice evidence-based medicine, there must be good evidence available, it must be disseminated and readily available, and clinicians must be able to access it, critically appraise it, and apply it to individual patients. Traditionally, surgeons have relied on evidence from case series rather than higher level evidence from randomized controlled trials. While it may be difficult to perform well-designed and -executed surgical randomized controlled trials, it is also mandatory that they be performed, given the rapid changes in technology. In addition to providing the best treatment for patients, it allows for the judicious use of available funds and ensures that there are adequate resources for interventions that are known to be effective. Copyright copyright 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company
SN  - 1043-1489
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 388
T1  - An educational and organizational needs assessment for staff training
A1  - Milne,D.L.
A1  - Roberts,H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002165408 IN - D.L. Milne, Centre for Applied Psychology, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU; United Kingdom. E-Mail: d.l.milne@ncI.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200221
KW  - *Social Psychology
KW  - *Staff Training
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Management
KW  - Hospital Organization
KW  - Human
KW  - Inservice Training
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - Mental Hospital
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Observation
KW  - Organization
KW  - play
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - psychology
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Training
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 164
JF  - Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy.Vol.30(2)()(pp 153-164), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 2
N2  - Studies of in-service training demonstrate repeatedly the difficulty of transferring training to the routine work of the staff. One of the likely explanations for this difficulty is the recurring absence of an educational and organizational needs assessment to guide the training. Such assessments can play a critical role in defining management support, goal setting, the selection of the trainee group and in analysing the readiness of staff in an organization for a training intervention. The present study summarizes and extends prior research in the field of mental health by conducting a comprehensive educational and organizational needs analysis. Six assessment methods were administered to N = 72 staff and 20 clients in a psychiatric hospital, including questionnaires, interviews, direct observations and an audit. The study design was based on a series of naturalistic, cross sectional comparisons between four wards. Significant differences were obtained between the four participating wards, which served to define training needs and to validate the needs assessment procedure. Implications are drawn for needs assessment within a more systematic approach to staff training
SN  - 1352-4658
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 389
T1  - Critical appraisal of systematic reviews
A1  - Shannon,S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002393594 IN - Dr. S. Shannon, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 4K1; Canada. E-Mail: shannons@mcmaster.ca CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200247
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Health Economics
KW  - *Radiologist
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - economics
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Economics
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 195
EP  - 198
JF  - Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.Vol.53(4)()(pp 195-198), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 53
IS  - 4
N2  - This section is part of the CARJ education initiative to deliver information that will be of practical use in enhancing the skills necessary for the continuing professional development (CPD) of Canadian radiologists. This article deals with the critical appraisal of systematic reviews of clinical research. In a future issue, there will be a section on evaluating health economics studies
SN  - 0846-5371
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 390
T1  - Critical appraisal of interventional radiology research studies
A1  - Shannon,S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002318156 IN - Dr. S. Shannon, Can. Assoc. of Radiologists Journal, Department of Radiology, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5; Canada. E-Mail: shannons@mcmaster.ca CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200238
KW  - *Interventional Radiology
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 133
EP  - 135
JF  - Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal.Vol.53(3)()(pp 133-135), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 53
IS  - 3
SN  - 0846-5371
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 391
T1  - Standards, Options and Recommendations for the management of prostate cancer: Therapeutic decision criteria. [French]
A1  - Villers,A.
A1  - Pabot Du,Chatelard P.
A1  - Pommier,P.
A1  - Soulie,M.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Fervers,B.
A1  - Bachaud,J.M.
A1  - Berger,N.
A1  - Bertrand,A.F.
A1  - Bouvier,R.
A1  - Brune,D.
A1  - Daver,A.
A1  - Fontaine,E.
A1  - Hajllot,O.
A1  - Lagrange,J.L.
A1  - Molinie,V.
A1  - Muratet,J.P.
A1  - Peneau,M.
A1  - Prapotnich,D.
A1  - Ravery,V.
A1  - Richaud,P.
A1  - Rossi,D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002265557 IN - A. Villers, FNCLCC, Std., Options, Recommanda., 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75654 Paris Cedex 13; France CP - France OT - STANDARDS, OPTIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS 2001 POUR LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES PATIENTS ATTEINTS DE CANCER DE LA PROSTATE NON METASTATIQUE: ELEMENTS DE LA DECISION THERAPEUTIQUE LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 200233
KW  - *Prostate Cancer/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Prostate Cancer/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Prostate Cancer/su [Surgery]
KW  - Antigen Detection
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Brachytherapy
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Cancer Regression
KW  - Cancer Staging
KW  - Cancer Survival
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Concentration Response
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Disease Course
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - External Beam Radiotherapy
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Prostate Cancer
KW  - Prostate Specific Antigen/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Prostatectomy
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Remission
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Survival
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment efficacy
KW  - Treatment Response
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 619
EP  - 634
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.89(6)()(pp 619-634), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 89
IS  - 6
N2  - Context: The 'Standards, Options and Recommendations' (SOR) collaborative project was initiated in 1993 by the Federation of the French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), with the 20 French Regional Cancer Centres, several French public university and general hospitals, as well as private clinics and medical speciality societies. Its main objective is the development of serviceable clinical practice guidelines in order to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. The methodology is based on a literature review, followed by critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts. Draft guidelines are produced, then validated by specialists in cancer care delivery. Objectives: Produce clinical practice guidelines for prostate cancer patients related to therapeutic main decision criteria, using the methodology developed by the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Methods: The FNCLCC and the French Urology Society (AFU) set-up a multidisciplinary group of experts which reviewed the available evidence. Following the selection of pertinent articles, synthesis of the results, and production of the draft SOR, the document was validated by independent reviewers. Results: The main recommendations are: 1) Specific survival with a minimum of 15 years follow-up, is required to assess the impact of a treatment for localised prostate cancer. 2) Ten-year metastatic-free survival is a good endpoint for assessing treatment efficacy for local cancer. 3) Complete remission is defined as undetectable PSA concentration (< 0.1 mug.L<sup>-1</sup>). 4) Progression after radical prostactectomy, external-beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy is defined as an increase PSA concentration, measured in three successive determinations, at monthly intervals. 5) Clinical stage, Gleason score and pretherapeutic PSA concentration are the prognostic factors for locoregional involvement and therefore treatment response, which should be used as an aid for therapeutic decision-making
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 392
T1  - Progress in clinical neurosciences: Evidence based care in the neurosciences
A1  - Wiebe,S.
A1  - Demaerschalk,B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2002242098 IN - S. Wiebe, London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, 339 Windermere Rd., London, Ont. N6A 5A5; Canada CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200230
KW  - *Neuroscience
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - content
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - progress
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 119
JF  - Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences.Vol.29(2)()(pp 115-119), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 29
IS  - 2
N2  - We examine the relevance of Evidence Based Care (EBC) to the field of clinical neurosciences, with particular emphasis on feasible methods of implementing EBC in clinical practice. By using pre-appraised EBC summaries, busy clinicians can move toward EBC without engaging in the laborious process of searching and critically appraising the literature. After reviewing the neurological content, accessibility and ease of use of current sources of EBC summaries, we find them substantially lacking in coverage of the neurosciences, and therefore of limited use to clinicians in this field. We emphasize a particular type of EBC summary, the critically appraised topic, and comment on its usefulness and limitations as a tool to assist clinical decision-making in the neurosciences. Finally, we propose that a collection of easily accessible, good quality, peer reviewed critically appraised topics, covering a breadth of relevant topics, is a reasonable way of moving toward EBC in the clinical neurosciences
SN  - 0317-1671
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 393
T1  - What teaching skills do trainers think they need to improve? The results of a self-assessment questionnaire in southeast Scotland
A1  - McKinstry,B.
A1  - Dodd,M.
A1  - Blaney,D.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003064769 IN - E-Mail: brian.mckinstry@ed.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200308
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - *Skill
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Training
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Embase
KW  - Employer
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Functional Assessment
KW  - Futurology
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Health Care Planning
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Job Analysis
KW  - Job Performance
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching skills
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - thought
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
EP  - 420
JF  - Education for Primary Care.Vol.12(4)()(pp 412-420), 2001.
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 4
N2  - In order to plan future 'teaching the teachers' courses and other educational interventions in southeast Scotland, we surveyed trainers and prospective trainers in the region to help them to identify their own learning priorities and to identify priorities for educational interventions in the region. A comprehensive list of training competencies was devised by agreement of local trainers, course organisers and associate advisors. Trainers were asked to rate their confidence in these competencies, and also to rate how important they thought they were in order to enable them to prioritise their own training needs. The anonymous questionnaire was sent to all trainers and prospective trainers (n = 160) in southeast Scotland. In total, 133 (83%) responded. Critical reading and evidence-based medicine was the area of least confidence, followed by methods of teaching and learning, and some aspects of appraisal and trainer as employer. The respondents were generally more confident about their competence in teaching audit, tutorial skills, and literature of general practice. The areas they identified that they needed to develop most broke down roughly into two groups: areas which they had most frequently indicated as being important (summative assessment and the MRCGP examinations, appraisal skills and assessing the consultation) and areas, not so highly rated, which had previously not been extensively taught in the region (adult learning theory, critical thinking/evidence-based medicine). We have found this a valuable and relatively quick exercise. Important and some unexpected areas were identified as priority areas to be addressed by the region. In addition, the questionnaire identified an unexpected desire for distance learning packages and we are now exploring ways of providing this type of learning
SN  - 1473-9879
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 394
T1  - Critical appraisal of the application of carotid duplex scanning
A1  - Ahmed,A.S.
A1  - Foley,E.
A1  - Brannigan,A.E.
A1  - Decker,P.A.
A1  - Burke,P.E.
A1  - Grace,P.A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003124911 IN - Prof. P.A. Grace, Department of Surgery, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, University of Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick; Ireland. E-Mail: pagrace@eircom.net CP - Ireland LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200314
KW  - *Carotid Artery Obstruction/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Doppler Echography
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analytical Equipment
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arteries
KW  - Article
KW  - Carotid Artery
KW  - Cerebrovascular Accident
KW  - Cerebrovascular Accident/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Confusion
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dysphasia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Referral
KW  - patients
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Symptomatology
KW  - Syncope
KW  - Transient Ischemic Attack/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Transitional Blindness/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vertigo
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 191
EP  - 192
JF  - Irish Journal of Medical Science.Vol.171(4)()(pp 191-192), 2002.
J1  - Irish Journal of Medical Science
VL  - Vol. 171
IS  - 4
N2  - Aims. To evaluate the indications for carotid arterial imaging in an open access vascular laboratory. To identify those symptoms predictive of >50% stenosis of the carotid artery in order to reduce unnecessary imaging. To test the hypothesis that duplex scanning would not be of significant benefit in the management of those patients with ill defined symptoms. Methods. We compared the outcome of carotid duplex scanning performed on 816 consecutive patients referred for a variety of clinical indications. The medical records of 816 patients were retrospectively analysed to identify the clinical indication for carotid duplex imaging over a three-year period (1997-9). Results. The indications for duplex imaging were divided into two groups: definite carotid symptoms, n=350 (transient ischaemic attack n=205, cerebrovascular accident n=66, amaurosis fugax n=49, dysphasia n=30); and non-carotid symptoms, n=466 (dizziness n=63, syncope n=63, confusion n=20, vertigo n=10 and others n=310). Less than 5% of those with definite carotid symptoms and 2% of those with ill-defined symptoms had a stenosis >80%. Conclusion. Regardless of symptoms, 14% and 2.9% of patients referred for carotid duplex imaging have a stenosis of >= 50% and >= 80%, respectively. Patients without definite carotid symptoms are of low priority for duplex imaging
SN  - 0021-1265
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 395
T1  - Health promotion evaluation: Focus on 'healthy cities'. [Spanish]
A1  - Akerman,M.
A1  - Mendes,R.
A1  - Bogus,C.M.
A1  - Westphal,M.F.
A1  - Bichir,A.
A1  - Pedroso,M.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003014146 IN - M. Akerman, Rua Dona Brigida 232 casa 32, 04111-080 Sa~o Paulo, SP; Brazil. E-Mail: akermanm.ops@terra.com.br CP - Brazil OT - AVALIACA~O EM PROMOCA~O DA SAUDE: FOCO NO 'MUNICIPIO SAUDAVEL' LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200304
KW  - *Health Promotion
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Brazil
KW  - City
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 638
EP  - 646
JF  - Revista de Saude Publica.Vol.36(5)()(pp 638-646), 2002.
J1  - Revista de Saude Publica
VL  - Vol. 36
IS  - 5
N2  - Since the Healthy City movement is a health promotion strategy, an update study was carried out to put into context the health promotion evaluation debate stressing the principles to be considered in an evaluation initiative and in the problematic of Health Cities projects. A literature review of 'Healthy Cities' was conducted. A typology based on of Healthy Cities papers found in MEDLINE, LILACS and published in the 'Health Promotion International' between 1985 and 2000 was proposed taking into consideration the main focus of each paper. Articles on evaluation were analyzed in more details according to stressing methods, research tools, indicators, study results, and critical appraisal of their models. Finally, it is highlighted initiatives that would come close to the principles of 'Health Promotion' and adopt evaluation as a tool for building up capabilities and the empowerment of community groups involved with Healthy Cities initiatives
SN  - 0034-8910
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 396
T1  - Evolution and critical appraisal of anastomotic technique following resection of esophageal adenocarcinoma
A1  - Casson,A.G.
A1  - Porter,G.A.
A1  - Veugelers,P.J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003055238 IN - Prof. A.G. Casson, Division of Thoracic Surgery, QEII Health Science Center, Victoria Building 7S-013, 1278 Tower Road, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9; Canada. E-Mail: alan.casson@dal.ca CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200307
KW  - *esophagus adenocarcinoma/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Esophagus Anastomosis
KW  - *Esophagus Carcinoma/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Esophagus Resection
KW  - Acute Disease
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome/co [Complication]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Anastomosis
KW  - Anastomosis Leakage/co [Complication]
KW  - Anastomosis Leakage/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arteries
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer Staging
KW  - Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - consequence
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Disease Classification
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Esophagogastrostomy
KW  - Esophagus Stricture/co [Complication]
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Gastroepiploic Artery
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Heart Arrhythmia/co [Complication]
KW  - Heart Infarction/co [Complication]
KW  - Human
KW  - Intestine Necrosis/co [Complication]
KW  - Intestine Obstruction/co [Complication]
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Lung Aspiration
KW  - Lung Embolism/co [Complication]
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Mediastinum Disease/co [Complication]
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pleura Disease/co [Complication]
KW  - Pneumonia/co [Complication]
KW  - Postoperative Complication/co [Complication]
KW  - Postoperative Infection/co [Complication]
KW  - Postoperative Infection/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Postoperative Infection/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Postoperative Period
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Science
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - Sepsis/co [Complication]
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Stomach Tube
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Mortality
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment Failure
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 296
EP  - 302
JF  - Diseases of the Esophagus.Vol.15(4)()(pp 296-302), 2002.
J1  - Diseases of the Esophagus
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 4
N2  - The aim of this study was to critically evaluate acute and long-term complications of hand-sewn and semimechanical cervical esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of primary esophageal adenocarcinoma. Between February 1991 and 2001, 91 consecutive patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy (transthoracic, n = 49; transhiatal, n = 42), transposing a gastric tube based on the right gastroepiploic artery. All esophagogastric anastomoses were performed in the left neck using a hand-sewn technique (n = 53) and, from September 1997, a side-to-side semimechanical technique (n = 38). Outcomes evaluated were anastomotic leak rates, length of stay, and development of strictures. Postoperative mortality was 4.4% (all cardiopulmonary causes). Fifty-eight patients (63.7%) had an uncomplicated postoperative course, with a median postoperative length of stay of 10 days (vs. 20 days with associated morbidity; P <= 0.001). Anastomotic leaks were the leading cause of postoperative morbidity (16.5%, 15/91), and were classified into four types based on severity. The semimechanical anastomotic technique was associated with a reduced leak rate compared with the hand-sewn technique (7.9%, 3/38 vs. 22.6%, 12/53; P = 0.08), although different patterns of anastomotic failure were seen following semimechanical anastomoses, with increased mediastinal and pleural sepsis. Anastomotic strictures developed in nine (17.0%) hand-sewn and three (7.9%) semimechanical anastomoses. Our conclusion was that a semimechanical technique for cervical esophagogastrostomy is associated with reduced anastomotic leak rates compared with hand-sewn anastomoses, resulting in a shorter postoperative stay. Patterns of anastomotic failure varied between each technique, possibly as a consequence of a longer cervical esophageal segment required for construction of a semimechanical anastomosis. The association between anastomotic technique and stricture development was not clear from this study
SN  - 1120-8694
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 397
T1  - Improving physicians' critical appraisal skills
A1  - Daya,S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003115764 IN - Prof. S. Daya, Department of Obstetrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canada CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200313
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Gynecology
KW  - *Obstetrics
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Health Care Planning
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 163
EP  - 164
JF  - Evidence-Based Obstetrics & Gynecology.Vol.4(4)()(pp 163-164), 2002.
J1  - Evidence-Based Obstetrics & Gynecology
VL  - Vol. 4
IS  - 4
SN  - 1361-259X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 398
T1  - Evidence based orthopedic surgery. [German]
A1  - Eitel,F.
A1  - Neugebauer,E.A.M.
A1  - Mutschler,W.E.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003022752 IN - E-Mail: eitel@lrz.uni-muenchen.de CP - Germany OT - EVIDENZBASIERTE UNFALLCHIRURGIE LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200304
KW  - *Orthopedic Surgery
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Delivery of Health Care
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - question
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Standard
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 666
EP  - 674
JF  - Unfallchirurg.Vol.105(8)()(pp 666-674), 2002.
J1  - Unfallchirurg
VL  - Vol. 105
IS  - 8
N2  - It is wise for surgeons to critically analyze their decision making, to add evidence in addition to the normal approaches, i.e. expert opinion and pathophysiological rationale. What evidence is, how it works, how often it is used in orthopedic surgery are the main topics of this article, as well as problems and limits to evidence-based medicine (EbM). EbM operates in five steps: 1. formulate an answerable question with respect to the patient's problem; 2. search the relevant literature; 3. critically appraise the assembled information through evidence based standards; 4. implement these evidence supported findings in your daily practice; 5. evaluate your evidence-based practice. When one builds decisions upon evidence the following effects become apparent: rational choice of possible, alternative decisions, reduction of diagnostic and therapeutic risks, improvements in medical education and efficient delivery of health care. A literature search reveals few evidence-based investigations published in orthopedic surgery. Lastly, we discuss limitations of EbM, showing that both misunderstanding about EbM and technical problems contribute to mistrust in EbM. These may include problems with population heterogeneity, standardization of surgical procedures, conducting random studies, the lack of statistical power and often 'publication bias'. Overcoming present problems with EbM by further ('evidence-based') research should lead to better understanding of the evidence paradigm and eventually modify this approach. The literature already demonstrates that EbM attains its goal. A valid judgment of EbM will result if one evaluates one's own evidence-based practices. The implementation of EbM is also a matter of policy
SN  - 0177-5537
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 399
T1  - Evaluation of interventions
A1  - Fletcher,R.H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003039804 IN - R.H. Fletcher, Dept. of Ambulatory Care/Prev., 133 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; United States. E-Mail: robert_fletcher@hms.harvard.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200305
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Calcium Channel Blocking Agent/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Calcium Channel Blocking Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - content
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Observation
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Side Effect/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thiazide Diuretic Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1190
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.55(12)()(pp 1183-1190), 2002.Date of Publication: 01 DEC 2002.
VL  - Vol. 55
IS  - 12
N2  - The first modern randomized controlled trial was published in 1948, and featured randomly allocated treatment groups, blinded outcome assessment, and a sufficient number of patients. Randomized controlled trials are now accepted as the best possible way to assess the effects of clinical interventions, but good trials sometimes disagree. Although the elements of a credible trial have been defined, the relative importance of these elements to results is not known. Information from clinical trials may be difficult to use in the care of patients if trial outcomes are not patient centered or the conditions of the trial are very different from the situation in clinical practice. Observational studies are often, but not always, an adequate substitute from randomized trials. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses may reveal patterns of results when individual trials do not, and so complement the information content of large trials. When trials disagree, resolution may be found not by from more trials but also from critical appraisal of individual trials, weighing the totality of the evidence, and Bayesian reasoning. copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 400
T1  - Teaching of evidence-based medicine and clinical neurology to undergraduate medical students: A pilot course. [German]
A1  - Gerke,W.
A1  - Goebel,I.
A1  - Bassler,D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003084172 IN - Dr. W. Gerke, Arbeitsstelle Studienreform, Studiendekanat Med. Fakultat, Universitat Zurich, Gloriastrae 18a, 8091 Zurich; Switzerland. E-Mail: wolfgang.gerke@dkt.usz.ch CP - Germany OT - UNTERRICHT VON EVIDENZBASIERTER MEDIZIN UND KLINISCHER NEUROLOGIE IN DER MEDIZINISCHEN AUSBILDUNG: EIN PILOTPROJEKT LG - German PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200310
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Competence
KW  - complexity
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Self Report
KW  - speaking
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students performance
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduate curriculum
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 130
EP  - 133
JF  - Medizinische Ausbildung.Vol.19(2)()(pp 130-133), 2002.
J1  - Medizinische Ausbildung
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: In the field of medical education there is a strong tendency emphasising the importance of Evidence-Based Medicine as a means of promoting self-directed learning and the use of information technology. But in most German speaking medical schools EBM training is not yet incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum. Methods: We designed a pilot-course combining EBM and clinical neurology and offered it to a group of 20 students of the last two years in a six-year curriculum as an elective. The course consisted of eight afternoon sessions (90 minutes) during a ten-week period. Staff was recruited from the Cochrane Centre Germany and the Department of Neurology. After an introduction into the paradigm of EBM, structured literature search and critical appraisal, the following sessions were used to apply the method to common clinical problems from the field of neurology. The course was evaluated using a questionnaire to assess student's self-reported progress and satisfaction. A pre-/post-test design, consisting of three clinical problems, that required formulating a research-question and the search for the best available evidence, was used to externally assess changes in students performance. Results: Student-compliance measured by attendance to the elective course, willingness to perform the test tasks and student's self-reported progress and satisfaction, measured by the questionnaire at the end of the course were high. Comparison of the pre-course and postcourse performance did not show a significant increase in performance scores but a trend towards a better adaptation of the principles of EBM. Discussion: Failure to show a statistically significant improvement in the application of the EBM paradigm may be due to the small number of participants and the complexity (though ecological validity) of the assessment task. To increase the level of competence in this important subject medical students should be brought in contact with EBM repeatedly and at an early stage of their undergraduate training
SN  - 1435-5116
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 401
T1  - Importance of the drug utilization studies; As a pharmaceutical tool for the practice of the Evidence-based Medicine. [Hungarian]
A1  - Gyongyver,S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003034476 CP - Hungary OT - GYOGYSZERUTILIZACIOS VIZSGALATOK JELENTOSEGE; A BIZONYITEKOKON ALAPULO ORVOSLAS GYOGYSZERESZI MEGVALOSITASANAK EGYIK LEHETOSEGE LG - Hungarian PT - Journal: Article EM - 200305
KW  - *Drug Industry
KW  - *Drug Research
KW  - *Drug Utilization
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Drug Safety
KW  - Drug Utilization
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Human
KW  - Hungary
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 252
EP  - 256
JF  - Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica.Vol.72(4)()(pp 252-256), 2002.
J1  - Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica
VL  - Vol. 72
IS  - 4
N2  - Application of the theory of the Evidence-based Medicine into the every day practice means critically appraising the evidence for validity and clinical usefulness. The real therapeutic value & place of different drugs could be determined only according to the internationally standardised drug statistics. The method for drug consumption analysis recommended by WHO is the ATC/DDD methodology. The basic features of this method will be summarised by the author as well as the usefulness of the data given by utilization researches especially regarding the validation of evidence-based practice and the basis of decision making processes
SN  - 0001-6659
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 402
T1  - Critically appraising a study evaluating a diagnostic test. [French]
A1  - Nendaz,M.R.
A1  - Perrier,A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003007466 IN - M.R. Nendaz, Departement de Medecine Interne, Clinique de Medecine 1, Hopitaux Universitaires, 1211 Geneve 14; Switzerland. E-Mail: Mathieu.Nendaz@hcuge.ch CP - France OT - ETUDE DE VALIDATION D'UN TEST DIAGNOSTIQUE: UN GUIDE DE LECTURE CRITIQUE - A PROPOS DE LA PLACE DE LA BIOPSIE ENDOBRONCHIQUE DANS LE DIAGNOSTIC DE LA SARCOIDOSE LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 200303
KW  - *Bronchus Biopsy
KW  - *Sarcoidosis/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Bronchoscopy
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Value
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Tissue
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prediction
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Statistical Model
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Transbronchial Biopsy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 767
EP  - 777
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.19(6)()(pp 767-777), 2002.
VL  - Vol. 19
IS  - 6
N2  - The case for endobronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Faced with the continuous development of new diagnostic tests, the clinician needs to be able to critically assess their value and their clinical applicability. Using a practical example, the performance of endobronchial biopsy in diagnosing sarcoidosis, this review provides a guide for critically appraising a study evaluating a diagnostic test. The three main steps described are: 1) assessment of the validity of the results based on the scientific methods used; 2) analysis of the results with reference to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, and precision of the diagnostic test in question; 3) determination of whether the results are applicable to an individual patient or to a specific patient population
SN  - 0761-8425
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 403
T1  - Clinical epidemiology: What, who, and whither
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003039799 IN - D.L. Sackett, Kilgore S. Trout Res./E. C. at I. L., RR 1, Markdale, Ont.; Canada. E-Mail: sackett@bmts.com CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200305
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Preventive Medicine
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1161
EP  - 1166
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.55(12)()(pp 1161-1166), 2002.Date of Publication: 01 DEC 2002.
VL  - Vol. 55
IS  - 12
N2  - Clinical epidemiology, the what, was introduced by John Paul in 1938, as a new basic science for preventive medicine. Its definition subsequently took on a more bedside tone, but continues to be adapted to the needs of its practitioners. Clinical epidemiology, the who, centers on Alvan Feinstein and the way that he led the field and nurtured so many of its practitioners. Clinical epidemiology, the whither, describes its more recent development and its impact on five evolutions and revolutions: in evidence generation, its rapid critical appraisal, its efficient storage and retrieval, evidence-based medicine, and evidence synthesis. copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 404
T1  - Mild head injury - Mortality and complication rate: Meta-analysis of findings in a systematic literature review
A1  - Af,Geijerstam J.-L.
A1  - Britton,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003445266 IN - J.-L. Af Geijerstam, Department of Medicine N4:01, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm; Sweden. E-Mail: jean-luc.af.geijerstam@medks.ki.se CP - Austria LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200347
KW  - *Computer Assisted Tomography
KW  - *Head Injury/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Head Injury/su [Surgery]
KW  - Austria
KW  - Brain Edema/co [Complication]
KW  - Brain Injury/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Brain Injury/su [Surgery]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Glasgow Coma Scale
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Head
KW  - Head Injury
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Injury
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intracranial Hypertension/co [Complication]
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neuroradiology
KW  - Neurosurgery
KW  - Neurotraumatology
KW  - Observation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Sweden
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 843
EP  - 850
JF  - Acta Neurochirurgica.Vol.145(10)()(pp 843-850), 2003.
J1  - Acta Neurochirurgica
VL  - Vol. 145
IS  - 10
N2  - Background. Whether the strategy for care of mild head injury should be in-hospital observation or computed tomography (CT) investigation and home care has been discussed lately. A necessary requirement for guidelines and the design of clinical trials would be knowledge about the risks of the condition. These have not been reliably summarised. The study aims to estimate as accurately as possible the mortality, the complication rates, and the frequency of pathological findings on CT in patients with mild head injury. Methods. Mild head injury was defined as head trauma involving loss of consciousness or amnesia, but where neurological findings on arrival at hospital are normal (GCS 15). Large databases were searched to find relevant scientific literature, and the retrieved studies were critically appraised. Findings were used from all representative patient data sets that met predefined standards for minimum quality. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed on the data collected. Findings. The search yielded 24 studies on 24249 patients fulfilling the requirements. The mean mortality of patients was low, 0.1% (CI 0.05-0.15). Complications, mostly requiring surgery, occurred in 0.9% (CI 0.6-1.2) of the cases. In approximately 8% (CI 6.1-9.5), pathological CT findings, dominated by haemorrhages, were identified in the acute phase. Conclusions. Of 1000 patients arriving at hospital with mild head injury, 1 will die, 9 will require surgery or other intervention, and about 80 will show pathological findings on CT. At least these 8% of patients will probably need in-hospital care
SN  - 0001-6268
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 405
T1  - Delayed-Onset Hypothesis of Antipsychotic Action: A Hypothesis Tested and Rejected
A1  - Agid,O.
A1  - Kapur,S.
A1  - Arenovich,T.
A1  - Zipursky,R.B.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003498581 IN - Dr. R.B. Zipursky, Schizophrenia Program, Ctr. for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St, Toronto, Ont. M5T 1R8; Canada. E-Mail: robert_zipursky@camh.net CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200351
KW  - *Drug Mechanism
KW  - *Neuroleptic Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Neuroleptic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Neuroleptic Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Psychosis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 106266-06-2 (risperidone)
KW  - 132539-06-1 (olanzapine)
KW  - 50-53-3,69-09-0 (chlorpromazine)
KW  - 52-86-8 (haloperidol)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Atypical Antipsychotic Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Atypical Antipsychotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Atypical Antipsychotic Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Canada
KW  - Chlorpromazine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Chlorpromazine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Chlorpromazine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - data
KW  - Disease Duration
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Haloperidol/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Haloperidol/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Haloperidol/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - journal
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Negative Syndrome
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Olanzapine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Olanzapine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Olanzapine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Positive Syndrome
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Risperidone/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Risperidone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Risperidone/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Scales
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1228
EP  - 1235
JF  - Archives of General Psychiatry.Vol.60(12)()(pp 1228-1235), 2003.
J1  - Archives of General Psychiatry
VL  - Vol. 60
IS  - 12
N2  - Context: To understand the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs, it is critical to recognize the time course over which these medications take effect. Current models of antipsychotic action presume a 'delayed onset' of action. Objective: To test the delayed-onset hypothesis of antipsychotic action via a meta-analytic study. Data Sources and Study Selection: Double-masked studies that reported results from active or placebo-controlled trials of antipsychotic response during the first 4 weeks of treatment were selected. These studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, 1996 to 2001; the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, 1982 to 2001; EMBASE, 1980 to 2001; the ACP Journal Club; the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness. Leads from these sources were followed up by manual searches. Data Synthesis: Forty-two published studies, including 7450 patients and 119 independent response vs time curves, were identified. Reductions in total scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were 13.8% during week 1, 8.1% during week 2, 4.2% during week 3, and 4.7% during week 4. This pattern of 'early-onset' improvement was present even after the estimated effect of placebo treatment was removed and when results were restricted to the psychotic subscales of the scales. Conclusions: This analysis rejects the commonly held hypothesis that antipsychotic response is delayed. Rather, these findings suggest that the antipsychotic response starts in the first week of treatment and accumulates over time. Furthermore, greater improvement occurs in the first 2 treatment weeks than in the subsequent 2 treatment weeks. Proposed mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs need to account for this early-onset antipsychotic effect
SN  - 0003-990X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 406
T1  - Critical Care Assembly Critically Appraised Topics (CCCATS) library
A1  - Ambrosino,N.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003315665 IN - N. Ambrosino, Pulmon./Respir. Intensive Care Unit, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University Hospital, Pisa; Italy. E-Mail: n.ambrosino@ao-pisa.toscana.it CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Note EM - 200334
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Computer Program
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Internet
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medline
KW  - Note
KW  - Online System
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 327
EP  - 328
JF  - Critical Care (London).Vol.7(4)()(pp 327-328), 2003.
J1  - Critical Care (London)
VL  - Vol. 7
IS  - London
SN  - 1364-8535
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 407
T1  - 2003 Update of Standards, Options and Recommendations for management of patients with salivary gland malignant tumors (excluding lymphoma, sarcoma and melanoma) (summary report). [French]
A1  - Bensadoun,R.J.
A1  - Allavena,C.
A1  - Chauvel,P.
A1  - Dassonville,O.
A1  - Demard,F.
A1  - eu-Bosquet,L.
A1  - St Guily,J.L.
A1  - Ettore,F.
A1  - Gory-Delabaere,G.
A1  - Marcy,P.Y.
A1  - Reyt,E.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003344937 IN - R.-J. Bensadoun, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice; France CP - France OT - STANDARDS, OPTIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS 2003 POUR LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES PATIENTS ATTEINTS DE TUMEURS MALIGNES DES GLANDES SALIVAIRES (LYMPHOMES, SARCOMES ET MELANOMES EXCLUS), MISE A JOUR (RAPPORT ABREGE) LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 200337
KW  - *Salivary Gland Tumor/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Salivary Gland Tumor/rt [Radiotherapy]
KW  - *Salivary Gland Tumor/th [Therapy]
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Aspiration Biopsy
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Classification
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Cancer Radiotherapy
KW  - Cervical Lymph Node
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Embase
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - Imaging
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Lymph Node
KW  - Lymphadenectomy
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Management
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Postoperative Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Preoperative Evaluation
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Sarcoma
KW  - Standard
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 629
EP  - 642
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.90(7)()(pp 629-642), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 JUL 2003.
VL  - Vol. 90
IS  - 7
N2  - Context : The Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) project, which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French Regional Cancer Centers, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. Objectives : To update clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with salivary gland malignant tumors previously validated in 1997. These recommendations cover diagnosis, classification, treatment and follow-up of patients with these tumors. Methods : The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines has been defined, the document is submitted for review by independent reviewers. Results : This article is a summary version of the full document presenting the updated clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main questions addressed by the expert group in this update concern the place of fine needle aspiration biopsy in preoperative diagnosis, the place of cervical lymph node area surgical treatment, the place of postoperative irradiation and neutron therapy in the treatment of unresectable tumors and also the place of medical imaging, especially RMI, for the diagnosis of these tumors
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 408
T1  - Personal development plans: Implementing PDPs into general practice
A1  - Carter,Y.
A1  - O'Hara,J.
A1  - Wright,B.
A1  - Benato,R.
A1  - Mott,S.
A1  - Clarke,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003208330 IN - J. O'Hara, Antel Associates, Mill House, Windmill Place Business Centre, Windmill Lane, London UB2 4NJ; United Kingdom. E-Mail: jan.ohara@lineone.net CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200323
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Change Management
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Consultation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Facilitation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 202
EP  - 206
JF  - Education for Primary Care.Vol.14(2)()(pp 202-206), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 2
N2  - This is an account of the introduction of personal development plans (PDPs) into general practice across an inner-city locality. Using change management principles, the PDP was designed on the basis of wide consultation and introduced through a series of facilitated workshops.<sup>1</sup> The consultation process and workshop style allowed participants to raise issues and concerns, such as sustainability and learning accessibility. The relationship between PDPs, revalidation, appraisal, poor performance and education was raised as critical to the success of PDP as an education tool. Unexpected difficulties arose in securing reliable information about PDP uptake prior to the project and so accurate evaluation at its end was not possible. However, the project was well received and informal feedback on the whole was positive. The main obstacles to implementation were perceived as pressure of work and lack of protected time. The value of continued support and facilitation at key stages, such as the first annual PDP review, was identified
SN  - 1473-9879
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 409
T1  - An evidence-based medicine approach to studies of diagnostic tests: Assessing the validity of virtual colonoscopy
A1  - Cash,B.D.
A1  - Schoenfeld,P.
A1  - Rex,D.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003410955 IN - Dr. B.D. Cash, Division of Gastroenterology, Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, 100 Brewster Avenue, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547; United States. E-Mail: bdcash@nhcl.med.navy.mil CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200344
KW  - *Computed Tomographic Colonography
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Epidemiology
KW  - choice
KW  - Colorectal Cancer/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - History
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 136
EP  - 144
JF  - Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology.Vol.1(2)()(pp 136-144), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2003.
VL  - Vol. 1
IS  - 2
N2  - This is the second in the series of articles on the application of evidence-based medicine (EBM) approaches to evaluating therapy, natural history, and diagnostic tests that are of interest to gastroenterologists and hepatologists. The article provides an EBM framework to critically assess articles that evaluate diagnostic tests: When are diagnostic tests necessary? What study design was used to appraise the comparison between the test being considered and the acceptable comparator? Did all study patients, including those in whom the diagnosis was in doubt, undergo the gold standard test? Was the frequency of indeterminate results reported? Are the data reported as likelihood ratios? This article addresses the choice of best approach to management of a 53-year-old woman who is referred for colorectal cancer surveillance. She had a 1-cm diameter adenoma snared from the colon about 3 years previously and she seeks advice on the possibility of undergoing 'virtual colonoscopy' and avoiding colonoscopy because of discomfort during the prior examination. The article appraises recent literature and applies the results to the patient and practice setting to determine the optimal approach for the individual patient
SN  - 1542-3565
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 410
T1  - Tegaserod and other serotonergic agents: What is the evidence?
A1  - Chey,W.D.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003213852 IN - Dr. W.D. Chey, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200324
KW  - *Irritable Colon/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Irritable Colon/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Serotonin Agonist/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
KW  - *Tegaserod/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Tegaserod/cr [Drug Concentration]
KW  - *Tegaserod/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Tegaserod/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - *Tegaserod/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Tegaserod/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - *Tegaserod/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Tegaserod/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
KW  - *Tegaserod/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - 103639-04-9,116002-70-1,99614-01-4 (ondansetron)
KW  - 107007-99-8,109889-09-0 (granisetron)
KW  - 120635-72-5,120635-74-7,209859-87-0 (cilansetron)
KW  - 122852-42-0 (alosetron)
KW  - 129-06-6,2610-86-8,3324-63-8,5543-58-8,81-81-2 (warfarin)
KW  - 145158-71-0,189188-57-6 (tegaserod)
KW  - 50-67-9 (serotonin)
KW  - 81098-60-4 (cisapride)
KW  - Abdominal Pain/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alosetron/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Alosetron/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Alosetron/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Alosetron/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Alosetron/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Alosetron/pk [Pharmacokinetics]
KW  - Alosetron/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cilansetron/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Cilansetron/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cilansetron/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Cisapride/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Constipation/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Constipation/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Diarrhea/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Diarrhea/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Drug Bioavailability
KW  - Drug Blood Level
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Potency
KW  - Drug Safety
KW  - Drug Surveillance Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Flatulence/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Gastrointestinal Secretion
KW  - Gastrointestinal Tract Function
KW  - Granisetron/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Granisetron/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Headache/si [Side Effect]
KW  - health
KW  - Heart Arrhythmia/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Human
KW  - Ischemic Colitis/si [Side Effect]
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Motor Performance
KW  - Ondansetron/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Ondansetron/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Ondansetron/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Oral Contraceptive Agent/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - Placebo
KW  - play
KW  - Protein Function
KW  - Proton Pump Inhibitor/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Safety
KW  - Sensation
KW  - Serotonin 3 Antagonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Serotonin 3 Antagonist/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Serotonin 3 Receptor/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Serotonin 4 Receptor/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Serotonin/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Warfarin/it [Drug Interaction]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S35
EP  - S40
JF  - Reviews in Gastroenterological Disorders.Vol.3(SUPPL.2)()(pp S35-S40), 2003.
J1  - Reviews in Gastroenterological Disorders
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - SUPPL. 2
N2  - Through effects on gastrointestinal motor and secretory function as well as visceral sensation, serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In particular, 5-HT<inf>3</inf> and 5-HT<inf>4</inf> receptors appear to be very important in IBS. This article critically appraises the evidence supporting the use of the 5-HT<inf>3</inf> receptor antagonist alosetron in the treatment of women with diarrhea-predominant IBS. The safety profile and restricted-use program for alosetron is also reviewed. This discussion is followed by a comprehensive review of the efficacy and safety data in support of tegaserod for women with constipation-predominant IBS. copyright 2003 MedReviews, LLC
SN  - 1533-001X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 411
T1  - Impact of programmed second endoscopy with appropriate re-treatment on peptic ulcer re-bleeding: A systematic review
A1  - Chiu,P.W.-Y.
A1  - Lau,T.S.
A1  - Kwong,K.H.
A1  - Suen,D.T.-K.
A1  - Kwok,P.Y.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003497706 IN - P.-Y. Kwok, Department of Surgery, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong; Hong Kong. E-Mail: chancya@ha.org.hk CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200351
KW  - *Gastroscopy
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/th [Therapy]
KW  - 51-43-4,55-31-2,6912-68-1 (adrenalin)
KW  - Adrenalin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Adrenalin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Australia
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Blood Transfusion
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Conservative Treatment
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endoscopy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Fibrin Glue/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Fibrin Glue/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Frequency Analysis
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Hyperthermic Therapy
KW  - Intermethod Comparison
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Mantel Haenszel Test
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - patients
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Proton Pump Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Proton Pump Inhibitor/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - Publication
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Role
KW  - Sclerosing Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Stomach Surgery
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 106
EP  - 115
JF  - Annals of the College of Surgeons of Hong Kong.Vol.7(4)()(pp 106-115), 2003.
J1  - Annals of the College of Surgeons of Hong Kong
VL  - Vol. 7
IS  - 4
N2  - Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review is to critically appraise the current evidence from published medical trials on the role of programmed second endoscopy with appropriate therapy on peptic ulcer re-bleeding. Methods: A systematic review of five prospective randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of programmed second endoscopy against conservative management on peptic ulcer re-bleeding was carried out. Results: From the meta-analysis of the combined results from the five trials on the effect of programmed second endoscopy in ulcer bleeding, we found that a programmed second endoscopy with appropriate therapy reduced the number of recurrent bleeding significantly (Peto odds ratio= 1.97, Mantel Haenszel-Peto P < 0.01). The number of patients needed for treatment with a programmed second endoscopy in order to prevent one recurrent bleeding ranged from four to 11. Conclusion: Programmed second endoscopy with appropriate therapy reduced the number of recurrent bleeding significantly in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. Individual trials also showed a possible benefit in reduction of the number of surgical interventions
SN  - 1028-4001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 412
T1  - Critical aspects in the management of colorectal cancer screening by faecal occult blood testing. [Italian]
A1  - Crotta,S.
A1  - Castiglione,G.
A1  - Cerrato,C.
A1  - Pozzi,L.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003465549 IN - S. Crotta, Unita Operativa di Gastroenterologia, Ospedale Beauregard, Via Vaccari, 5, 11100 Aosta; Italy. E-Mail: crotta.sergio@uslaosta.com CP - Italy OT - ASPETTI CRITICI NELLA CONDUZIONE DEGLI SCREENING DEL CANCRO COLORETTALE MEDIANTE SANGUE OCCULTO NELLE FECI LG - Italian PT - Journal: Article EM - 200349
KW  - *Cancer Screening
KW  - *Colorectal Cancer/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Occult Blood Test
KW  - 9008-02-0 (hemoglobin)
KW  - Article
KW  - Automation
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - Cancer Mortality
KW  - Cancer Screening
KW  - Colon Adenoma/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Colon Hemorrhage
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - data
KW  - Diet Restriction
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Early Diagnosis
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endoscopy
KW  - health
KW  - Hemoglobin/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Occult Blood
KW  - Organization
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Rectum Adenoma/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Rectum Hemorrhage
KW  - Rehydration
KW  - Screening
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 183
EP  - 189
JF  - Giornale Italiano di Endoscopia Digestiva.Vol.26(3)()(pp 183-189), 2003.
J1  - Giornale Italiano di Endoscopia Digestiva
VL  - Vol. 26
IS  - 3
N2  - Screening program for CRC is a complex public health intervention, but available data suggest that it is now time to implement it. Screening by faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is already realistic and feasible despite endoscopic alternative recently proposed. FOBT is based on the assumption that colorectal neoplasms usually bleed with some intensity and frequency, thus allowing for the early detection of CRC or adenomas. Several randomised controlled studies have demonstrated that screening by Hemoccult II, a guaiac-based FOBT, can reduce mortality from CRC by 13% to 33% depending on the study design. The test is very simple but it is poorly sensitive and non specific for human hemoglobin. Alternative ways of testing such as rehydration of the slides or the use of modified tests (Hemoccult-Sensa) increase sensitivity and readability but specificity of the test becomes a critical point. Immunochemical tests are specific for human hemoglobin, not requiring dietary restrictions, partially or fully automated in some versions. In some way they appear more cost effective than guaiac testing. Frequency of testing and overall organization of the screening program for CRC are discussed as well
SN  - 0394-0225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 413
T1  - Candidates' views of the MRCGP examination and its effects upon approaches to learning: A questionnaire study in the Northern Deanery
A1  - Dixon,H.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003208325 IN - Dr. H. Dixon, Surgery, Darlington, Co., Denmark Street, Durham DL3 8PD; United Kingdom. E-Mail: hdixon1@compuserve.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200323
KW  - *General Practice
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - choice
KW  - Consultation
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Denmark
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - Feedback
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validity
KW  - Vocational Education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 146
EP  - 157
JF  - Education for Primary Care.Vol.14(2)()(pp 146-157), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 2
N2  - A survey was conducted among registrars in the Northern Deanery who were sitting modules of the MRCGP examination in 2001. The purpose was to elicit the candidates' views about the content of each module, their preparation strategies, and to determine the effects of their preparation upon their future approaches to learning. Questions perceived as most straightforward in the multiple choice questions (MCQ), written and oral modules were those related directly to patient care and situated learning opportunities during their vocational training. Difficult questions were mostly related to critical appraisal and areas of unmet learning needs, perceived as requiring more experience as a general practitioner (GP). Almost all believed that preparing for the video module had improved their consultations with patients, and believed they received most help from their trainer. Preparation for the written component had a positive impact upon reading of both original and review articles and most believed they would continue to read review articles in the future. Preparation for the oral component improved their understanding of ethical principles, which they believed would be of benefit to patient care. Study groups were perceived to be of greater value than vocational training schemes or trainers for the MCQ written and oral components of the examination. Time pressures were a particular problem in the written and oral modules for many candidates and some perceived similar pressures in selecting consultations for the video module to demonstrate the performance criteria. Candidates appeared keen to provide written feedback of their views in a constructive way even before they knew the results of each module. A structured approach to feedback from candidates through the RCGP can provide valuable information to inform the assessment process and address the important issue of consequential validity, the effect the assessment has on learning, deemed of increasing importance to effective assessment
SN  - 1473-9879
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 414
T1  - New studies require new criteria for critical appraisal. [German]
A1  - Donner-Banzhoff,N.
A1  - Lelgemann,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003287485 IN - Dr. N. Donner-Banzhoff, Abt. Allg. Med., Rehab./P. M., Universitat Marburg, 35033 Marburg; Germany. E-Mail: norbert@med.uni-marburg.de CP - Germany OT - EIN NEUER MASTAB: AKTUELLE STUDIEN VERLANGEN VERANDERTE BEURTEILUNGSKRITERLEN LG - German PT - Journal: Article EM - 200331
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Germany
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Sample
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 301
EP  - 306
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - Vol. 97
IS  - 4-5
N2  - Over the last ten years the quality of published clinical trials has improved considerably. Randomised controlled design, concealed allocation, blinding, clinically relevant outcomes, large sample sizes and almost complete follow-up are standard features of most trials. As a result, standard evidence-based medicine criteria can no longer be used to separate the 'wheat from the chaff'. Here, we discuss recent studies which reveal only marginal superiority of new treatments over well-established and effective therapies. Nowadays, readers of reports should be particularly aware of the definition of control therapies, of clinical relevance when results are statistically significant, of the external validity and whether a trial serves a pragmatic or explanatory purpose
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 415
T1  - Documenting fusion following anterior cervical surgery: A comparison of roentgenogram versus two-dimensional computed tomographic findings
A1  - Epstein,N.E.
A1  - Silvergleide,R.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003225883 IN - Dr. N.E. Epstein, Long Isl. Neurosurgical Assoc., P.C., 410 Lakeville Rd., New Hyde Park, NY 11042; United States. E-Mail: dch3@columbia.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200325
KW  - *Cervical Spine
KW  - *Computer Assisted Tomography
KW  - *Spine Fusion
KW  - *Spine Radiography
KW  - *Spine Surgery
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Autograft
KW  - Average
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Diagnostic Value
KW  - Documentation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - Iliac Crest
KW  - Intermethod Comparison
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Documentation
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Postoperative Period
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Short Form 36
KW  - single level anterior corpectomy
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 243
EP  - 247
JF  - Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques.Vol.16(3)()(pp 243-247), 2003.
J1  - Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 3
N2  - Documentation of fusion following anterior cervical surgery may critically influence management strategies that can adversely affect outcome. Would two-dimensional CT studies more accurately identify fusion following single-level anterior corpectomy with fusion compared with radiographic studies (plain/dynamic) alone? To answer this question, two radiologists, in a 'blinded' fashion, separately read both radiographic and two-dimensional CT studies obtained 3 and 6 months following 46 single-level anterior corpectomy with fusion. Single-level anterior corpectomy with fusion used nonreversed iliac crest strut autografts and dynamic ABC plates (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany). Following surgery, patients were immobilized in cervicothoracic orthoses, which were discontinued when fusion was confirmed. Patients were followed an average of 3.2 years (minimum 2 years). Outcomes were measured with the Short Form-36 questionnaire administered preoperatively, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Three months after surgery, radiographs documented fusion in 38 (83%) of 46 patients, whereas two-dimensional CTs confirmed fusion in only 23 (50%) of 46 patients. Six months postoperatively, radiographs documented fusion in 44 (96%) of 46 patients, whereas only 32 (70%) of 46 patients were solidly fused on two-dimensional CT studies. Three and 6 months following single-level anterior corpectomy with fusion, two-dimensional CT scans more accurately confirmed fusion compared with radiographs alone
SN  - 1536-0652
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 416
T1  - Human papillomavirus vaccines: Prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. [Spanish]
A1  - ez,M.C.
A1  - Fernandez,S.
A1  - Mayo,E.
A1  - Mendoza,N.
A1  - Moran,Arribas M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003434317 IN - M. Moran Arribas, S Programas de Salud Publica, Salud Publica, Consejeria Sanid. Comunidad Madrid, C/ Aduana 29 4a planta, E-28013 Madrid; Spain. E-Mail: monica.moran@madrid.org CP - Spain OT - VACUNAS DEL VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO: PREVENCION Y TRATAMIENTO DEL CANCER DE CERVIX LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200347
KW  - *human papillomavirus vaccine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *human papillomavirus vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Uterine Cervix Cancer/co [Complication]
KW  - *Uterine Cervix Cancer/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Uterine Cervix Cancer/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Uterine Cervix Cancer/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Uterine Cervix Cancer/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Uterine Cervix Cancer/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Virus Vaccine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Virus Vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Wart Virus
KW  - 82115-62-6 (gamma interferon)
KW  - 85898-30-2 (interleukin 2)
KW  - Article
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Diagnosis
KW  - Cancer Epidemiology
KW  - Cancer Immunotherapy
KW  - Cancer Risk
KW  - Cancer Staging
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Correlation Analysis
KW  - Countries
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Research
KW  - Drug Safety
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Gamma Interferon/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - health
KW  - High Risk Patient
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunogenicity
KW  - Infection
KW  - Interleukin 2/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Interleukin 5/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Nonhuman
KW  - Papanicolaou Test
KW  - Persistent Infection/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Protein
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Safety
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Unclassified Drug
KW  - US
KW  - Uterine Cervix Cytology
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - Virus Carcinogenesis
KW  - Virus Classification
KW  - Virus Detection
KW  - Virus DNA/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Virus DNA/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Virus Infection/et [Etiology]
KW  - Virus Oncogene
KW  - Virus Protein/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Virus Protein/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 36
JF  - Pediatrika.Vol.23(7)()(pp 21-36), 2003.
J1  - Pediatrika
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 7
N2  - Objective: To describe cervical cancer epidemiology, its diagnosis and association with human papillomavirus (HPV), and to know the present situation of HPV vaccines. Methods: Review article. We consulted some electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, TRIP database, SUMSearch, ACP Journal Club, Healths Evidence Bulletins), web sites from CDC, US Preventive Task Force, OMS, National Cancer Institute, etc., 20th Papillomavirus International Conference abstracts and bibliographic references of selected articles. We also consulted some experts. The quality of the evidence published on efficacy and security of the vaccines was assesed by peer-reviewors. Epidemiology: HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. More than 100 HPV types are known, classified in high or low risk virus according to their potential capacity to cause this kind of cancer. About 500.000 cases of this illness are diagnosed every year and more than 280.000 women die all over the world, 80% in developing countries, being the second malignant tumour behind breast cancer. Cervical cancer diagnosis: Cervical cytology or Papanicolau test allows to identify women who have a premalignant stage and high risk of developing cervical cancer. The American Society of Cancer recommends to initiate the cervical cytology three years after the onset of sexual relations and always before being 21 years old and repeat the cytology every year. The combination of cytology and test HPV DNA have a high negative predictive value (near 100%) for the detection of HSIL. Profilactics vaccines: Not yet commercialized, are at present in phase III investigation. Available data show high immunogenicity and safety for all of them and, precisely, the HPV-16 L1 VLP has shown high efficacy in preventing persistent infection. Therapeutic vaccines: Different vaccines are at present being tested for satety, immunogenicity and clinical efficacy in phase I and. They are based on viral oncogenic proteins. The results of these clinical trials indicate that those vaccines are safe, but data on their immunogenicity are not conclusive yet
SN  - 0211-3465
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 417
T1  - Addressing generalization and maintenance of stuttering treatment in the schools: A critical look
A1  - Finn,P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003103013 IN - P. Finn, Dept. of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210071, Tucson, AZ 85721-0071; United States. E-Mail: pfinn@email.arizona.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200312
KW  - *School Health Service
KW  - *Stuttering/th [Therapy]
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - challenge
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Conversation
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Daily Life Activity
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hearing
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Model
KW  - Parent
KW  - Primary School
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Speech Articulation
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teacher
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 164
JF  - Journal of Communication Disorders.Vol.36(2)()(pp 153-164), 2003.
J1  - Journal of Communication Disorders
VL  - Vol. 36
IS  - 2
N2  - Generalization and maintenance are a widely recognized challenge for stuttering treatment. There are many reasons why this is the case. First, there is no accepted model of recovery, though self-efficacy may be a helpful construct and, secondly, the client's age, stuttering severity, and negative attitudes may be complicating factors. Three strategies for promoting generalization and maintenance in school settings are suggested based on current research evidence. They include probing and training for generalization, incorporating real-life elements into therapy, and training clients to self-regulate their behavior. These strategies appear to be viable and practical, but further research is needed to fully evaluate their effectiveness for school settings. Learning outcomes: Readers will learn about (1) typical approaches to managing stuttering in the school setting, (2) barriers to generalization and maintenance of stuttering treatment gains, and (3) three strategies for promoting generalization and maintenance. copyright 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0021-9924
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 418
T1  - Tutorials in clinical research, Part VIII: Creating a journal club
A1  - Forsen Jr,J.W.
A1  - Hartman,J.M.
A1  - Neely,J.G.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003105185 IN - Dr. J.G. Neely, Dept. Otolaryngol.-Head/Neck Surg., Washington Univ. School of Medicine, Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110; United States. E-Mail: jgneely@aol.com CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200313
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - History
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Organization
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - Physician
KW  - play
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - United States
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 475
EP  - 483
JF  - Laryngoscope.Vol.113(3)()(pp 475-483), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2003.
J1  - Laryngoscope
VL  - Vol. 113
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective: The present report is the eighth in a series of sequential tutorials entitled 'Tutorials in Clinical Research.' The objective of the report is to provide the reader with information to create or refine a journal club. Study Design: Tutorial. Methods: The authors met weekly for 3 months and discussed the features of a journal club that would be of interest to otolaryngologists. A Medline search provided a number of relevant articles for review. Results: The report is organized into the following sections: Introduction, History of Journal Club, Goals of Journal Club, Basic Organization, Factors Associated With Successful Journal Clubs, Design of Journal Club, Selecting Literature, Evaluation of Journal Club, and Summary. Conclusions: There is a paucity of information within the otolaryngology literature regarding the journal club and the significant role it can play in physician education. The flexible nature of the journal club gives it the potential to address many educational needs. Its relevance has never been greater
SN  - 0023-852X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 419
T1  - Evidence: What is it, where do we find it, and how do we use it?
A1  - Gillenwater,J.Y.
A1  - Gray,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003376704 IN - J.Y. Gillenwater, Department of Urology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800422, Charlottesville, VA 22908; United States. E-Mail: jyg@virginia.edu CP - Netherlands LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200340
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Overactive Bladder
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - History
KW  - History of Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 9
JF  - European Urology Supplements.Vol.2(5)()(pp 3-9), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 2
IS  - 5
N2  - The purpose of this paper is to review the history and rationale for evidence-based medicine (EBM). The development of EBM is briefly described, together with the pros and cons of evidence-based research, review techniques, and resources. The current status of EBM with regard to the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) is also discussed. In short, EBM can be defined as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence to make decisions about the care of individual patients. The four main steps are: (1) formulate a clear question from a patient's problem, (2) search the literature for relevant clinical articles, (3) evaluate and critically appraise existing evidence for its validity and usefulness, and (4) implement useful findings in clinical practice. The power of the evidence-based approach can be enhanced by the development of techniques such as systematic review and metaanalysis. However, although EBM allows us to use current best evidence to make decisions about patient care, the evidence gained from systematic review and meta-analysis only applies to an 'average patient' and is not readily adaptable to issues such as etiology, diagnosis and prognosis. copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V
SN  - 1569-9056
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 420
T1  - Searching of information in evidence-based pediatrics (II): Secondary and primary information databases. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003305810 IN - J. Gonzalez de Dios, C/ Prof. Manuel Sala 6. 3 A, 03003 Alicante; Spain. E-Mail: gonzalez_jav@gva.es CP - Spain OT - BUSQUEDA DE INFORMACION EN PEDIATRIA BASADA EN LA EVIDENCIA (II): FUENTES DE INFORMACION SECUNDARIAS Y PRIMARIAS LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200333
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Information System
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Technology
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 273
JF  - Revista Espanola de Pediatria.Vol.59(3)()(pp 259-273), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 59
IS  - 3
N2  - Efficient searching of biomedical information is a key point in Evidence-based medicine (EBM). EBM is a possible solution again the overload of medical literature nowadays. From a didactic point of view, we consider two groups of bibliographic information databases: secondary (with implicit critical appraisal of documents, and we know the scientific validity and the clinical importance of the article) and primary or 'traditional' (without critical appraisal of documents). We analyse the main secondary (Cochrane Colaboration, secondary biomedical journals, critically appraised topics banks, clinical practice guidelines, agencies for health technology assessment documents, EBM databases) and primary (traditional bibliographic databases, primary biomedical journals, and medical books) information databases. We emphasize the importance of this databases in the practice of evidence-based pediatrics, and we underline the main links in the web. Four tools of great importance in EBM are: Cochrane Colaboration and its different databases in The Cochrane Library, clinical practice guidelines, TRIP (a very interesting EBM Database), and PubMed (Medline free and on-line)
SN  - 0034-947X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 421
T1  - Referees make journal clubs fun [8]
A1  - Gonzalez III,L.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003034418 IN - L.S. Gonzalez III, Department of Medicine, Memorial Medical Center, 1086 Franklin Street, Johnstown, PA 15905; United States. E-Mail: lgonzal@conemaugh.org CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200305
KW  - *Literature
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Organization
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 106
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.326(7380)()(pp 106), 2003.Date of Publication: 11 JAN 2003.
VL  - Vol. 326
IS  - 7380
SN  - 0959-8146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 422
T1  - Effect of interpretive bias on research evidence
A1  - Kaptchuk,T.J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003259713 IN - Prof. T.J. Kaptchuk, Harvard Medical School, Osher Institute, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215; United States. E-Mail: ted_kaptchuk@hms.harvard.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200329
KW  - *Data Analysis
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Physician
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1453
EP  - 1455
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.326(7404)()(pp 1453-1455), 2003.Date of Publication: 28 JUN 2003.
VL  - Vol. 326
IS  - 7404
N2  - Doctors are being encouraged to improve their critical appraisal skills to make better use of medical research. But when using these skills, it is important to remember that interpretation of data is inevitably subjective and can itself result in bias
SN  - 0959-8146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 423
T1  - A don't-miss list from HJ's Journal Club
A1  - Kirkwood,D.H.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003385564 IN - D.H. Kirkwood, 1369 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10128; United States. E-Mail: dkirkwoo@lww.com CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Note EM - 200341
KW  - *Audiology
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - New York
KW  - Note
KW  - Organization and Management
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Symposium
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
JF  - Hearing Journal.Vol.56(5)()(pp 34), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 MAY 2003.
J1  - Hearing Journal
VL  - Vol. 56
IS  - 5
SN  - 0745-7472
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 424
T1  - Medical messages in the media - Barriers and solutions to improving medical journalism
A1  - Larsson,A.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Carting,C.
A1  - Herrin,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003492658 IN - Dr. A.D. Oxman, Dept. for Health Services Research, Norwegian Direct. Hlth./Social Welf., P.O. Box 8054 Dep., 0031 Oslo; Sweden. E-Mail: oxman@online.no CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200401
KW  - *Mass Medium
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Commercial Phenomena
KW  - Competition
KW  - context
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Journalism
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mass Media
KW  - Mass Medium
KW  - media
KW  - Messages
KW  - Nomenclature
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Policy
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Solutions
KW  - strategies
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 323
EP  - 331
JF  - Health Expectations.Vol.6(4)()(pp 323-331), 2003.
J1  - Health Expectations
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 4
N2  - Context: Medical issues are widely reported in the mass media. These reports influence the general public, policy makers and health-care professionals. This information should be valid, but is often criticized for being speculative, inaccurate and misleading. An understanding of the obstacles medical reporters meet in their work can guide strategies for improving the informative value of medical journalism. Objective: To investigate constraints on improving the informative value of medical reports in the mass media and elucidate possible strategies for addressing these. Design: We reviewed the literature and organized focus groups, a survey of medical journalists in 37 countries, and semi-structured telephone interviews. Results: We identified nine barriers to improving the informative value of medical journalism: lack of time, space and knowledge; competition for space and audience; difficulties with terminology; problems finding and using sources; problems with editors and commercialism. Lack of time, space and knowledge were the most common obstacles. The importance of different obstacles varied with the type of media and experience. Many health reporters feel that it is difficult to find independent experts willing to assist journalists, and also think that editors need more education in critical appraisal of medical news. Almost all of the respondents agreed that the informative value of their reporting is important. Nearly everyone wanted access to short, reliable and up-to-date background information on various topics available on the Internet. A majority (79%) was interested in participating in a trial to evaluate strategies to overcome identified constraints. Conclusion: Medical journalists agree that the validity of medical reporting in the mass media is important. A majority acknowledge many constraints. Mutual efforts of health-care professionals and journalists employing a variety of strategies will be needed to address these constraints
SN  - 1369-6513
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 425
T1  - Occupational therapists report a low level of knowledge, skill and involvement in evidence-based practice
A1  - McCluskey,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003178263 IN - A. McCluskey, Sch. of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797; Australia. E-Mail: a.mccluskey@uws.edu.au CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200320
KW  - *Occupational Therapist
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - Demography
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - participation
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 12
JF  - Australian Occupational Therapy Journal.Vol.50(1)()(pp 3-12), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 50
IS  - 1
N2  - This study was conducted to collect information about Australian occupational therapists' involvement in evidence-based practice. The study aimed to document: (i) respondents' level of knowledge and skills; (ii) their level of participation in continuing education; and (iii) perceived barriers to evidence-based practice. A purposive sample of 85 occupational therapists was invited to complete a questionnaire prior to attending an introductory workshop on evidence-based practice. Sixty-seven questionnaires were returned and analysed (78.8% response rate). Half of the respondents rated their level of knowledge and skills required for evidence-based practice as low (conducting database searches = 50.7%; critically appraising literature = 53.0%). The majority of respondents (79.1%) reported a low level of knowledge about electronic databases. Few respondents had attended education sessions on evidence-based practice (15.0%). The six most commonly reported barriers to adopting evidence-based practice were lack of time, a large caseload, limited searching skills, limited appraisal skills, difficulty accessing journals and a perceived lack of evidence to support occupational therapy intervention. The majority of occupational therapists in this sample were entering the first phase of continuing professional development in relation to evidence-based practice
SN  - 0045-0766
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 426
T1  - Journal club as professional socialization
A1  - Mensch,J.
A1  - Mitchell,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003299866 CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200332
KW  - *Occupation
KW  - *Socialization
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Athlete
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Review
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 68
EP  - 70
JF  - Athletic Therapy Today.Vol.8(4)()(pp 68-70), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 8
IS  - 4
N2  - Understanding and interpreting current literature is essential for practicing athletic trainers. Providing students with experiences in interpreting current literature in athletic training is beneficial for everyone involved
SN  - 1078-7895
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 427
T1  - Didactic reflections on the EbM Curriculum of the German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AQuMed) and the German Network for Evidence-based Medicine. [German]
A1  - Meyer,G.
A1  - Schlomer,G.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003287482 IN - G. Meyer, Universitat Hamburg, IGTW - Gesundheit, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg; Germany. E-Mail: GMeyer@uni-hamburg.de CP - Germany OT - PADAGOGISCHE REFLEXIONEN ZUM EBM-CURRICULUM DER ZENTRALSTELLE DER DEUTSCHEN ARZTESCHAFT ZUR QUALITATSSICHERUNG IN DER MEDIZIN UND DES DEUTSCHEN NETZWERKES EVIDENZBASIERTE MEDIZIN LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200331
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - AIDS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Communication
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - quality
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Adaptation
KW  - social skills
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 290
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 287-290), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 97
IS  - 4-5
N2  - The German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AQuMed) and the Network for Evidence-based Medicine (EbM) have recently published the draft of an EbM Curriculum for continuing medical education. This standardised concept might lead to an improvement of the quality of EbM courses for physicians. Critical appraisal of the curriculum from a didactic point of view reveals both a substantial lack of teaching methods and teaching aids, and a lack of appropriate tools for the evaluation of the actual increase in professional competence. This includes specialised subject knowledge, methodological considerations as well as highly developed communication and social skills. We recommend incorporation of these components into the curriculum design to facilitate its successful implementation
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 428
T1  - The practical application of Evidence-based Medicine in the routine work of a general practice. [German]
A1  - Ollenschlager,G.
A1  - Gerlach,F.M.
A1  - Kirchner,H.
A1  - Weingart,O.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003484221 IN - Dr. G. Ollenschlager, Arztl. Zentrum Qualitat in der Med., Aachener Strae 233-237, 50931 Koln; Germany. E-Mail: ollenschlaeger@azq.de CP - Germany OT - UBER DIE UMSETZUNG EVIDENZBASIERTER MEDIZIN IN DEN ALLTAG EINER ALLGEMEINPRAXIS LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200352
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *General Practice
KW  - Ambulatory Care
KW  - Ambulatory Surgery
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Culture
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Planning
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Insurance
KW  - Information
KW  - Insurance
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 817
EP  - 828
JF  - Tagliche Praxis.Vol.44(4)()(pp 817-828), 2003.
J1  - Tagliche Praxis
VL  - Vol. 44
IS  - 4
N2  - To rely on Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) has become a legal mandate for statutory health insurance physicians since the year. Thus, the question arises how to implement strategies and methods of evidence based medicine in every day practice of ambulatory care. Several specific and combined strategies might be necessary to get evidence into practice - including 1st health care providers' attitude to make decisions based both on expertise and scientific evidence, 2nd attaining basic skills of EBM methods; 3rd availability and use of practicable EBM information at the working place (guidelines, summaries, patient information), 4th performing quality management based in a systematic way and based upon evidence based information. Implementing EBM in ambulatory surgeries might introduce a new health care culture of both self-critical appraisal of all aspects of physicians' professional life and continuing medical education on state of the art in medicine
SN  - 0494-464X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 429
T1  - The practical application of evidence based medicine in the routine work of a general practice. [German]
A1  - Ollenschlager,G.
A1  - Gerlach,F.M.
A1  - Kirchner,H.
A1  - Weingart,O.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003408295 IN - Dr. G. Ollenschlager, Arztliches Zentrum fur Qualitat Med., Aachener Strae 233-237, 50931 Koln; Germany. E-Mail: ollenschlaeger@azq.de CP - Germany OT - UBER DIE UMSETZUNG EVIDENZBASIERTER MEDIZIN IN DEN ALLTAG EINER ALLGEMEINPRAXIS LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200344
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *General Practice
KW  - Ambulatory Care
KW  - Ambulatory Surgery
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Culture
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expert System
KW  - expertise
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Insurance
KW  - Information
KW  - Insurance
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Legal Aspect
KW  - Life
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 811
EP  - 822
JF  - Internistische Praxis.Vol.43(4)()(pp 811-822), 2003.
J1  - Internistische Praxis
VL  - Vol. 43
IS  - 4
N2  - To rely on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has become a legal mandate for statutory health insurance physicians since the year. Thus, the question arises how to implement strategies and methods of evidence based medicine in every day practice of ambulatory care. Several specific and combined strategies might be necessary to get evidence into practice - including 1st health care providers' attitude to make decisions based both on expertise and scientific evidence, 2nd attaining basic skills of EBM methods; 3rd availability and use of practicable EBM information at the working place (guidelines, summaries, patient information), 4th performing quality management based in a systematic way and based upon evidence based information. Implementing EBM in ambulatory surgeries might introduce a new health care culture of both self-critical appraisal of all aspects of physicians' professional life and continuing medical education on state of the art in medicine. With the help ofthe German Network for Evidence-Based Medicine (www.ebm-netzwerk.de) a practice oriented forum for information and discussion in German language has been established
SN  - 0020-9570
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 430
T1  - The medical professors education. Comparison of two educational strategies in critical reading learning. [Spanish]
A1  - Perez-Rodriguez,B.A.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003356600 IN - Dr. B.A. Perez Rodriguez, Uxmal 701 Col. Balcones de Anahuac, 66422 San Nicolas de los Garza; Mexico CP - Mexico OT - LA FORMACION DE PROFESORES DE MEDICINA. COMPARACION DE DOS ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVES EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE LA CRITICA DE LA INFORMACION LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200338
KW  - *Education Program
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - control
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - educational research
KW  - Embase
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - innovation
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - participation
KW  - Population
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Teacher
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 281
EP  - 288
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.55(3)()(pp 281-288), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 55
IS  - 3
N2  - Introduction. Educational programmes for professors of medicine are an unusal situation, particularly in relation to the specialization courses. Since 1983, the Center for the Formation of Professors in the Health Area was established at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), and from 1996 other regional centers were established. The absence of educational research as a prominent activity within the activities of the centers has propitiated the ankylosis of the curriculum, the lack of innovation and routine. Objective. Two educational strategies in the development of the ability for critical reading were compared. One of them of a traditional or habitual form based in the consumption of information; the other one promoting the participation of the student in the elaboration of his knowledge. Population and methods. Two groups of professors were formed at random, the control group (CG) exposed to the traditional educational intervention and the experimental group (EG) exposed to the participative educational intervention. The ability for the critical reading of investigation reports was measured with previously validated instrument which includes three indicators: to interpret (i), to judge (j) and to propose (p), as well as the global result (g). Results. Before the educational interventions both groups were similar in the three indicators. After the interventions the EG increased significantly his punctuations (p < 0.05) in the three indicators, I: 12.5 to 18, j: 11.5 to 18; p: 5 a 12.5; g: 27 to 47. The CG didn't have significative increases. When comparing both groups after the interventions, we found a statistically significative difference in behalf of the EG (p < 0.01). In the measurement done 15 months later, the EG kept the results reached immediately after the educational intervention. The CG obtained results analogous to those registered before the educational intervention, and the difference between both groups was more ostensible. Conclusions. The trascendency of educational participative stra-tegies is clearly superior to the traditional ones of expositive type. Additionally, the persistence of, learning in the ability for critical reading of research reports by the EG enforces the superiority of a form of education that we shall promote at all levels and particularly at the Centers for the Formation of Professors at the IMSS
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 431
T1  - Randomized controlled trials in psychiatry. Part 1: Methodology and critical evaluation
A1  - Porter,R.
A1  - Frampton,C.
A1  - Joyce,P.R.
A1  - Mulder,R.T.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003281998 IN - R. Porter, Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8001; New Zealand. E-Mail: richard.porter@chmeds.ac.nz CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200331
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - 113-52-0,50-49-7 (imipramine)
KW  - 12794-10-4 (benzodiazepine)
KW  - 50-48-6,549-18-8 (amitriptyline)
KW  - 93413-69-5 (venlafaxine)
KW  - Amitriptyline/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Amitriptyline/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Amitriptyline/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Benzodiazepine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cognitive Defect/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Depression
KW  - Depression/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - Depression/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Human
KW  - Imipramine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Imipramine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Imipramine/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Imipramine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Placebo
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychopharmacotherapy
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - School
KW  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Tricyclic Antidepressant Agent/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Tricyclic Antidepressant Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Tricyclic Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Venlafaxine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Venlafaxine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Venlafaxine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Venlafaxine/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Venlafaxine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Venlafaxine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 257
EP  - 264
JF  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.Vol.37(3)()(pp 257-264), 2003.
J1  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - Vol. 37
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective: To introduce clinicians to the methodology and critical appraisal of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in psychiatry. Method: The methodology of RCTs in psychiatry is discussed. Using a systematic approach to critical appraisal, a published RCT of treatments for severe depression is examined and evaluated. Results and Conclusions: The RCT appraised illustrates certain problematic areas in the methodology of trials in psychiatry. A detailed knowledge of methodology and critique of RCTs is essential in determining whether reported results will influence clinicians' practice
SN  - 0004-8674
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 432
T1  - An evidence-based approach to clinical practice guidelines: Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
A1  - Schoenfeld,P.
A1  - Chey,W.D.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003412558 IN - Dr. P. Schoenfeld, Division of Gastroenterology (111D), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; United States. E-Mail: pschoenf@umich.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200344
KW  - *Irritable Colon/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Irritable Colon/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Irritable Colon/th [Therapy]
KW  - 101-31-5,306-03-6 (hyoscyamine)
KW  - 122852-42-0 (alosetron)
KW  - 145158-71-0,189188-57-6 (tegaserod)
KW  - 26095-59-0 (otilonium bromide)
KW  - 2753-45-9,3625-06-7 (mebeverine)
KW  - 34552-83-5,53179-11-6 (loperamide)
KW  - 50815-09-3,67-92-5,77-19-0 (dicycloverine)
KW  - 59995-65-2 (pinaverium)
KW  - Alosetron/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Alosetron/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Alosetron/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antidiarrheal Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - bentyl
KW  - Bulking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Dicycloverine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Dicycloverine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Hyoscyamine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Hyoscyamine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - journal
KW  - levsin
KW  - Loperamide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Mebeverine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Mebeverine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Otilonium Bromide/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Otilonium Bromide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Pinaverium/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Pinaverium/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Serotonin Agonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Serotonin Antagonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Side Effect/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Spasmolytic Agent/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Spasmolytic Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Spasmolytic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Tegaserod/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 322
EP  - 327
JF  - Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology.Vol.1(4)()(pp 322-327), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 JUL 2003.
J1  - Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology
VL  - Vol. 1
IS  - 4
N2  - In this fourth article in the series, the authors describe the process for evaluating clinical practice guidelines, that is, 'systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances,' An evidence-based guideline usually consists of multiple systematic reviews about the diagnosis and treatment of a disorder, and the systematic reviews should meet rigorous criteria for the critical appraisal of clinical research for the guideline to be evidence-based
SN  - 1542-3565
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 433
T1  - How to read individual reports for Randomized Controlled Trials. [Japanese]
A1  - Sekiguchi,K.
A1  - Kawamori,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003477438 CP - Japan LG - Japanese PT - Journal: Article EM - 200350
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - 865-21-4 (vinblastine)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Gamma Radiation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Kaplan Meier Method
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - Vinblastine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1523
EP  - 1531
JF  - Japanese Journal of Clinical Radiology.Vol.48(12)()(pp 1523-1531), 2003.
J1  - Japanese Journal of Clinical Radiology
VL  - Vol. 48
IS  - 12
N2  - Almost every time we see a cancer patient we will need new information about some element of their management or prognosis. First we begin with secondary resources such as evidence-based guidelines (PDQ, NCCN), on-line textbook (UpToDate), and systematic reviews (the Cochrane Library). But sometime we should start by searching the medical literature database (MEDLINE) to find current best evidence, and appraising its internal and external validity by ourselves. In this article we introduce efficient ways to make the critical appraisal for RCTs. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) is a program at the NHS in United Kingdom and has helped to develop an evidence-based approach in health and social care. CASP appraisal tool for RCTs comprises 12 questions to help you make sense of them. The questions address three broad issues: 1) Is the trial valid?, 2) What are the results?, 3) Will the results help locally?. In this way, critical appraisal for RCTs reports is very important in practicing EBM
SN  - 0009-9252
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 434
T1  - Critical appraisal: How to interpret a research article on quality of life
A1  - Sharma,S.
A1  - Oliver-Fernandez,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003316685 IN - Dr. S. Sharma, Cost-Effect. Ocular Hlth. Pol. Unit, Queens University, Kingston, Ont.; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200334
KW  - *Cataract/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Quality of Life
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/vi [Intravitreal Drug Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Clinical Feature
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Daily Life Activity
KW  - Discriminant Analysis
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emotional Stability
KW  - Endophthalmitis/co [Complication]
KW  - Endophthalmitis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Life Satisfaction
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Pseudophakia
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Social Interaction
KW  - Symptomatology
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Visual Acuity
KW  - Visual Impairment
KW  - Visual System Examination
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 48
EP  - 53
JF  - Evidence-Based Eye Care.Vol.4(1)()(pp 48-53), 2003.
J1  - Evidence-Based Eye Care
VL  - Vol. 4
IS  - 1
SN  - 1525-8599
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 435
T1  - Prevention and screening. Part II: Critical appraisal of articles on screening. [Portuguese, English]
A1  - Soares,I.
A1  - Vaz,Carneiro A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003140227 IN - A. Vaz Carneiro, Ctro. Estud. Med. Baseada Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa; Portugal CP - Portugal OT - PREVENCAO E RASTREIO. PARTE II: AVALIACAO CRITICA DE ARTIGOS SOBRE RASTREIO LG - Portuguese, English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200316
KW  - *Preventive Medicine
KW  - *Screening
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - consequence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - preventive intervention
KW  - Preventive Medicine
KW  - principles
KW  - Screening
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validation Process
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 130
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.22(1)()(pp 117-130), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 JAN 2003.
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Currently, a substantial part of clinical practice is involved with health maintenance and disease prevention. However, there continue to be deficiencies in the delivery of preventive care, and it is sometimes difficult to identify which interventions are effective for lack of randomized clinical trials - and the theoretical basis of this approach is not always clear. In the previous paper published in the Journal, we presented the general conceptual principles of preventive medicine, starting with levels of prevention and followed by the criteria for selecting a preventive intervention. Regarding the latter, the characteristics of the disease to be screened and the respective screening test were discussed, as well as therapy for positive cases. Finally, we discussed the possible consequences of screening for disease. In this paper we present guidelines for the critical appraisal of articles on screening
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 436
T1  - The importance of the journal club for neurosurgical trainees
A1  - Mobbs,R.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2003505471 IN - Dr. R.J. Mobbs, 3 Wansey Road, Randwick, NSW 2031; Australia. E-Mail: ralphmobbs@hotmail.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200402
KW  - *Neurosurgery
KW  - Australia
KW  - Australia and New Zealand
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - Neurosurgery
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Review
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgical Training
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 58
JF  - Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.Vol.11(1)()(pp 57-58), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 11
IS  - 1
N2  - The enormous volume of published literature in the field of neurosurgery represents an impossible task for the trainee or consultant neurosurgeon to digest. The aim of this paper is to review the views of current accredited trainees as to how best achieve the goals of information acquisition in combination with a heavy clinical workload. The views of 22 accredited trainees in the field of neurosurgery in Australia and New Zealand are reviewed. The recommendations from this study are that journal clubs are paramount to neurosurgical training for acquisition of new information, the frequency of meetings should be monthly and papers discussed should be those that impact significantly on management and standard of care and be founded on evidence-based medicine criteria. copyright 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0967-5868
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 437
T1  - Determinants of occupational disability following a low back injury: A critical review of the literature
A1  - Crook,J.
A1  - Milner,R.
A1  - Schultz,I.Z.
A1  - Stringer,B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004148692 IN - J. Crook, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5; Canada. E-Mail: crookj@mcmaster.ca CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200418
KW  - *Disability
KW  - *Low Back Pain
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Human
KW  - Injury
KW  - Job Performance
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Model
KW  - Occupational Disease
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pain
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Psychological Aspect
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Aspect
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Environment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 277
EP  - 295
JF  - Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.Vol.12(4)()(pp 277-295), 2002.
J1  - Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 4
N2  - The aim of this research was to determine prognostic indicators of work disability in occupational back pain as reported in the literature, by systematically searching the research literature, assessing the methodological quality of the research, and synthesizing the findings into a concise summary. An article was considered eligible for review if research participants had an injury of the back, the article was based on original research, published in English, and involved a cohort with back pain less than 6 months post injury with at least one follow up assessment. Each article was independently reviewed by two 'blinded' reviewers using 19 appraisal criteria for methodological quality of prognostic studies. Nineteen studies met the methodological standard to be included. Time since onset, demographic factors, functional disability, psychological distress, pain reports, previous episodes, and work environment were identified as important prognostic factors. Most studies compartmentalized the factors they considered. What is needed is a comprehensive multivariate biopsychosocial job-related model of work disability
SN  - 1053-0487
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 438
T1  - Evidence-Based practice in occupational therapy
A1  - Leung,E.K.H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004239827 IN - E.K.H. Leung, Occupational Therapy Department, Kowloon Hospital, 147A Argyle Street, Kowloon; Hong Kong. E-Mail: eddleung@hutchcity.com CP - Hong Kong LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200425
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Brain Injury/th [Therapy]
KW  - Calculation
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Geriatric Patient
KW  - grades
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Stroke/th [Therapy]
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 32
JF  - Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy.Vol.12()(pp 21-32), 2002.
J1  - Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy
VL  - Vol. 12
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) was introduced to the occupational therapy (OT) profession to aid in the development of clinical services and to substantiate daily OT practices. It refers to the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual clients. In this article, a systematic and critical review of published randomized controlled trials in OT was performed in order to critically appraise the current level of evidence provided with respect to EBP and provide recommendations accordingly. Searches of MEDLINE EXPRESS and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases of the English-language literature with keywords 'randomized clinical trial', ' controlled clinical trial' and 'clinical trial' for publication type, and 'occupational therapy' in any field were made. Forty-six randomized, controlled trial publications of OT treatment were identified, and two independent reviewers assessed their quality according to a preset protocol. Among the 46 trials, 29 were classified as average or above. The remaining 17 trials were graded as poor quality. About 50% of the trials studied geriatric, paediatric or stroke patients. These areas had higher evidence grades. In terms of the quality of design, most studies adequately described the measurement methods, duration of therapy and group assignment, but handling of blinding method and sample size calculation were poorly described. In this systematic and critical review, I conclud that there were far too few randomized, controlled OT trials. The quality of one third of the trials was low and there were insufficiencies in their reporting as well. Therefore, more properly designed and conducted randomized controlled clinical trials of OT treatment with proper reporting based on reference to the CONSORT statement are necessary
SN  - 1569-1861
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 439
T1  - Statistical Sampling and Hypothesis Testing in Orthopaedic Research
A1  - Bernstein,J.
A1  - McGuire,K.
A1  - Freedman,K.B.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004023081 IN - Dr. J. Bernstein, Leonard Davis Inst. of Hlth. Econ., 424 Stemmler Hall, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081; United States. E-Mail: orthodoc@post.harvard.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200406
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Orthopedic Surgery
KW  - Analytical Error
KW  - Article
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - control
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - power
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Probability
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - testing
KW  - Type II Error
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 62
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research.(413)()(pp 55-62), 2003.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research
IS  - 413
N2  - The purpose of the current article was to review the process of hypothesis testing and statistical sampling and empower readers to critically appraise the literature. When the p value of a study lies above the alpha threshold, the results are said to be not statistically significant. It is possible, however, that real differences do exist, but the study was insufficiently powerful to detect them. In that case, the conclusion that two groups are equivalent is wrong. The probability of this mistake, the Type II error, is given by the beta statistic. The complement of beta, or 1-beta, representing the chance of avoiding a Type II error, is termed the statistical power of the study. We previously examined the statistical power and sample size in all of the studies published in 1997 in the American and British volumes of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. In the journals examined, only 3% of studies had adequate statistical power to detect a small effect size in this sample. In addition, a study examining only randomized control trials in these journals showed that none of 25 randomized control trials had adequate statistical power to detect a small effect size. However, beta, or power, is less well understood. Because of this, researchers and readers should be aware of the need to address issues of statistical power before a study begins and be cautious of studies that conclude that no difference exists between groups
SN  - 0009-921X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 440
T1  - Towards evidence-based medicine in cardiothoracic surgery: Best BETS
A1  - Dunning,J.
A1  - Prendergast,B.
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004040124 IN - J. Dunning, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL; United Kingdom. E-Mail: joeldunning@doctors.org.uk CP - Netherlands LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200407
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Thorax Surgery
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence
KW  - controversies
KW  - Copyright
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Doctor Patient Relation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 405
EP  - 409
JF  - Interactive Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery.Vol.2(4)()(pp 405-409), 2003.
J1  - Interactive Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery
VL  - Vol. 2
IS  - 4
N2  - Cardiothoracic surgeons are faced with the dilemma that many clinical questions in their daily practice to do not have universally agreed answers, but patients increasingly demand the 'best practice' from their doctors. In addition time pressures mean that clinicians are unable to keep up with the full spectrum of published research and current resources that collate evidence for clinicians have few if any resources for cardiothoracic surgeons. We have adopted an approach pioneered in emergency medicine, namely the Best Evidence Topic or BestBET. Clinicians select a clinical scenario from their daily practice that highlighted an area of controversy. From this, a three-part question is generated and this is used to search Medline for relevant papers. Once the relevant papers are found, these papers are critically appraised using validated checklists and the results are summarized. A clinical bottom line is reached after this process. To add confidence to the quality of the search a second author and then an Evidence Based Journal Club checks the BET to ensure that no relevant evidence is missed. These BETs will then be posted on the ICVTS website prior to publication for widespread commentary. The resulting BETs, written by practising cardiothoracic surgeons, will then provide robust evidence-based answers to important clinical questions asked during our daily practice. copyright 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 1569-9293
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 441
T1  - Research training for all doctors - Even outside university hospitals: Evaluation of a course in basic research methods. [Danish]
A1  - Hakansson,A.
A1  - Bengtsson,K.
A1  - Jorgensen,A.F.
A1  - Hollnagel,H.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004037502 IN - A. Hakansson, Samhallsmedicinska Institutionen, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, S-205 02 Malmo, Sverig; Sweden. E-Mail: anders.hakansson@smi.mas.lu.se CP - Denmark OT - FORSKNINGSTRaeNING FOR ALLE LaeGER - OGSA UDEN FOR UNIVERSITETSSYGEHUSENE: EVALUERING AF KURSUS I GRUNDLaeGGENDE FORSKNINGSMETODOLOGI LG - Danish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200406
KW  - *Research
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - Denmark
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research methods
KW  - Study
KW  - Sweden
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3423
EP  - 3427
JF  - Ugeskrift for Laeger.Vol.165(36)()(pp 3423-3427), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 SEP 2003.
VL  - Vol. 165
IS  - 36
N2  - Introduction: General practitioners are often interested in doing research but are hampered by lack of time and research training. Interpreting the results of others can also be difficult. For this reason a course in basic research methods for GPs was started in Sweden in 1989. It was originally aimed at GPs but was later extended to hospital physicians as well. The course is given regionally and at present is held in six different locations in southern Sweden as well as in Hillerod, Denmark. The aim of this study is to evaluate the course as part of a research project to recommend changes to the courses in accordance with the course evaluations. Materials and methods: The course consists of theory (lectures/seminars six hours a month) and practice (project work) over a period of 18 months. Questionnaires were mailed to the 112 physicians who, starting in 1997 and 1999, completed the course. Eighty-five percent responded to the questionnaire, which asked if the course goals were relevant and if they thought they had achieved them. Results: The most frequent reasons given for attending the course were a desire to learn how to read scientific articles critically and how to carry out one's own research projects. Two thirds of the participants thought that the theoretical lectures and project work had supplemented each other well. Most of the participants thought that the goals were very relevant but fewer-between 57% and 77%-felt those goals had been achieved. Discussion: The course provides important empirical information with regard to future specialist training in Denmark. The plan is for all physicians to have research training - amounting to a total of 60 days - with lectures in research methodology and tutored research projects. The Danish College of General Practitioners has planned research training in accordance with the experience from these courses
SN  - 0041-5782
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 442
T1  - Chiropractice information in a public library
A1  - Hall,H.A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004012965 IN - Dr. H.A. Hall, 11701 138th Ave. Ct. E, Puyallup, WA 98374; United States. E-Mail: harriet.hall@comcast.net CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200403
KW  - *Library
KW  - *Manipulative Medicine
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analytical Error
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Cervical Spine Dislocation
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - content
KW  - Death
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - methods
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Publication
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Treatment Indication
KW  - United States
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 78
EP  - 86
JF  - Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine.Vol.7(2)()(pp 78-86), 2003.
J1  - Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine
VL  - Vol. 7
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: Chiropractic is based on a theory that most disease results from spinal subluxation and interference with nerves. The theory is neither supported by experimental evidence nor recognized as plausible by medical scientists. Chiropractic manipulation is known to cause infrequent but devastating complications, including death and paralysis. Despite this knowledge, chiropractic has been increasingly accepted by the public. Objective: The objective of this study was to find out what information about chiropractic is available to the public in a typical public library. Design: Each book on chiropractic listed in the catalog of the Pierce County (Washington) Library System was read, the background of the author was determined, the content was summarized, and the text was evaluated for errors and supporting evidence. Results: Nine titles were found. Three were general overviews of chiropractic (1 favorable, 2 critical), 1 was a rebuttal of attacks on chiropractic, and the other 5 addressed particular chiropractic methods favored by the authors and included suggestions to buy products or attend the authors' clinics. Only the 2 books critical of chiropractic were error-free and supported by reasonable evidence. Conclusion: Adequate information is available in the public library for an intelligent layperson to examine the pros and cons of chiropractic. Lack of accessible information does not appear to be a factor in the current trend of increasing acceptance of this pseudoscientifk health-care system
SN  - 1095-0656
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 443
T1  - How to perform a systematic review
A1  - Handoll,H.H.G.
A1  - Smith,A.F.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004146431 IN - H.H.G. Handoll, Univ. Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4SU; United Kingdom. E-Mail: h.handoll@ed.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200416
KW  - *Health Care Quality
KW  - Anesthesiological Techniques
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - healthcare
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Methodology
KW  - play
KW  - principles
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 257
JF  - Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care.Vol.14(5-6)()(pp 251-257), 2003.
J1  - Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 5-6
N2  - Through the identification, critical appraisal and summary of evidence, systematic reviews play a pivotal role in making sense of the underlying evidence on which to base healthcare decisions. In this article we outline how to perform a Cochrane review, namely a systematic review produced with the support of the Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library. As well as describing the basic principles and methodology of doing a Cochrane review, we identify some of the challenges involved and highlight some issues of more specific relevance to reviews in anaesthesia. copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0953-7112
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 444
T1  - Definition, development, background and practice of evidenced-based medicine. [Chinese]
A1  - He,L.
A1  - Qu,Y.
A1  - Li,Y.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004215362 IN - L. He, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 310041 Sichuan Province; China. E-Mail: hlwsy@hotmail.com CP - China LG - Chinese PT - Journal: Article EM - 200423
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Individualization
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Expert
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Attitude
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - System Analysis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 540
EP  - 541
JF  - Zhongguo Linchuang Kangfu.Vol.7(4)()(pp 540-541), 2003.
VL  - Vol. 7
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based medicine(EBM) is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. The best research evidence is clinically relevant research often from the basic sciences of medicine. The clinical expertise is the ability to use our clinical skills and past experience to rapidly identify each patient's unique health state and diagnosis, their individual risks and benefits of potential interventions, and their personal values and expectations. The patient values is the unique preferences, concerns and expectations each patient brings to a clinical encounter and which must be integrated into clinical decisions if they are to serve the patient. Excellent clinical doctor, best research evidence, basic technique of clinical epidemiology and patients' cooperating is the base for practice of EBM. The practice of EBM includes five steps. Step 1 is converting the need for information into an answerable question. Step 2 is tracking down the best evidence with which to answer that question. Step 3 is critically appraising that evidence for its validity, impact and applicability. Step 4 is integrating the critical appraisal with our clinical expertise and with our patient's unique biology, values and circumstances. Stop 5 is evaluating our effectiveness and efficiency
SN  - 1671-5926
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 445
T1  - How evidence-based is medicine? A systematic review. [Danish]
A1  - Matzen,P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004035131 IN - P. Matzen, Gastroenheden, Med. Gastroenterologisk Afsnit 439, H:S Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegard Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre; Denmark. E-Mail: peter_matzen@hh.hosp.dk CP - Denmark OT - HVOR EVIDENSBASERET ER MEDICINEN? ET SYSTEMATISK LITTERATURSTUDIE LG - Danish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200406
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Author
KW  - Classification
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Databases
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Observation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Placebo
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Indication
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1431
EP  - 1435
JF  - Ugeskrift for Laeger.Vol.165(14)()(pp 1431-1435), 2003.Date of Publication: 31 MAR 2003.
VL  - Vol. 165
IS  - 14
N2  - Introduction: In the early 1990es, it was supposed that only 10-15 per cent of medical interventions were based on results from randomised controlled studies. A systematic review of available empirical studies on the topic was performed in order to elucidate to what extent interventions in different medical specialities are evidence-based. Methods: Literature search in MEDLINE for the period 1995-2002 retrieved 15 published studies, which investigated to what extent interventions in individual patients were based on randomised controlled studies, The retrieved papers were read critically in order to extract data concerning the patients, their clinical problems, and the interventions performed, Finally, the classification of the clinical scientific methods, which was the evidence-base of the interventions, were extracted, Results: In general internal medicine over 50 per cent of the interventions seems warranted by randomised controlled studies, whereas the figures are somewhat lower for general practice, surgery, and dermatology. A small study shows that psychiatry may candidate for the top score with 65 per cent of the interventions based on randomised controlled studies. However, more studies are requested to confirm this finding, Discussion: It is suggested to perform regular studies of the evidence-base for clinical interventions in different specialities, preferably with assistance from colleagues from other specialities. There should be sufficient access to literature databases and databases of 'digested' evidence, which was not always the case in the reviewed studies, It is important that the indication for an intervention has been evaluated in randomised controlled studies, which compared a possible intervention to observation without treatment or treatment with placebo - a mere comparison in randomised controlled studies of two active interventions may not be sufficient evidence. Authors are encouraged to agree on a comparable classification scale for grading the evidence in publications. It is concluded that there is a need for this kind of regular audit in order to safeguard that patients are offered interventions based on the best evidence
SN  - 0041-5782
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 446
T1  - Clinical guidelines: A reader's guide. [French]
A1  - Vergnenegre,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004048595 IN - A. Vergnenegre, Serv. de l'Info. Med. et de l'Eval., Hopital du Cluzeau, CHU Dupuytren, 87042 Limoges Cedex; France. E-Mail: avergne@unilim.fr CP - France OT - LES RECOMMANDATIONS DE PRATIQUE CLINIQUE: UN GUIDE DE LECTURE LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 200409
KW  - *Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 920
EP  - 927
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 6 I
N2  - Introduction: This article is devoted to the critical appraisal of clinical guidelines. Methods: The example chosen is the update of the guideline 'Clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis, follow-up, and acute exacerbations'. The full and abbreviated versions of the text published by the 'Societe de Pneumologie de la Langue Francaise' were analysed by a guide for the critical evaluation of clinical guidelines. Background: The evaluation guide 'AGREE' allows assessment of six areas included in the development of a guideline: scope and objectives, involvement of the groups concerned, rigour of development, clarity and presentation, applicability and editorial independence. Conclusion: Clinical guidelines are going to play an important part in medical practice. Evaluation of professional practice will be based on their contents. A critical appraisal of their validity and applicability in this way allows an accurate decision on their subsequent application
SN  - 0761-8425
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 447
T1  - Journal clubs
A1  - Acevedo,M.
A1  - Bullen,H.
A1  - Kehoe,M.
A1  - Walker,N.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004078861 IN - M. Acevedo, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200410
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - children
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 66
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.28(2)()(pp 66), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 28
IS  - 2
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 448
T1  - Reading medical articles critically. What they do not teach you in medical school
A1  - Al-Ateeg,F.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004195665 IN - Dr. F.A. Al-Ateeg, Health Programs Sector, Institute of Public Administration, PO Box 205, Riyadh 11141; Saudi Arabia. E-Mail: ateegf@ipa.edu.sa CP - Saudi Arabia LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200421
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Health Program
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 409
EP  - 423
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - Vol. 25
IS  - 4
N2  - The article aims to distinguish between the various types of research published in medical journals; illustrate the anatomy of a scientific article in primary research and provide a guideline on how to read journal articles critically in order to maximize the readers understanding of the medical literature. Additionally, it provides a framework for things to consider when reading articles in various fields of research. It also enables non-experts at all levels to recognize strengths and weaknesses of different epidemiologic study designs. To achieve these goals, the hierarchy of medical journals is explained and highlighted, the various research designs used in the medical literature are identified and examined; the basic structure of a scientific paper is illustrated and reviewed; guidelines for reading medical articles in general are presented; and things to consider when reading articles published in the various fields of research are summarized
SN  - 0379-5284
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 449
T1  - Critical appraisal skills are important for all pharmacists
A1  - Asghar,M.N.
A1  - Cossey,M.
A1  - Loudon,A.
A1  - Masters,G.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004534468 IN - New Zealand CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200502
KW  - *Pharmacist
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Pharmacy
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - practice
KW  - Primary Medical Care
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 278
JF  - Pharmacy in Practice.Vol.14(9)()(pp 275-278), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 9
N2  - Objectives: To examine the critical appraisal skills of pharmacists in primary care and hospitals and GP prescribing leads in the north of England using an anonymous postal survey. Subjects: 207 PCT pharmaceutical advisers, primary care pharmacists, GP prescribing leads and hospital clinical pharmacists were contacted. Results: Although 17 of the 33 respondents had received training in critical appraisal skills, there was no correlation between the scores attained and training. Scores ranged from 2-9 from a maximum of 17. Twenty-two respondents had completed, or were completing, a post-graduate qualification, and 18 had undertaken more than 30 hours of continuing education in the previous year. Conclusions: Pharmacists and others who advise on, or practice evidence-based medicine need to develop their appraisal skills further to assist in service development and priority setting. The survey suggests more work is needed to improve confidence in the peer-review processes, to match CPD/continued education provision against identified roles, and to further explore the work of pharmacists and others in this area of practice
SN  - 1358-1538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 450
T1  - The influence of risk and monetary payment on the research participation decision making process
A1  - Bentley,J.P.
A1  - Thacker,P.G.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004285882 IN - J.P. Bentley, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS 38677; United States. E-Mail: phjpb@olemiss.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200430
KW  - *Cooperation
KW  - *Prospective Payment
KW  - *Risk Assessment
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Factorial Analysis
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Documentation
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical School
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient Attitude
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Subjects
KW  - researchers
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 293
EP  - 298
JF  - Journal of Medical Ethics.Vol.30(3)()(pp 293-298), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 3
N2  - Objectives: To determine the effects of risk and payment on subjects' willingness to participate, and to examine how payment influences subjects' potential behaviours and risk evaluations. Methods: A 3 (level of risk) 3 (level of monetary payment), between subjects, completely randomised factorial design was used. Students enrolled at one of five US pharmacy schools read a recruitment notice and informed consent form for a hypothetical study, and completed a questionnaire. Risk level was manipulated using recruitment notices and informed consent documents from hypothetical biomedical research projects. Payment levels were determined using the payment models evaluated by Dickert and Grady as a guide. Five dependent variables were assessed in the questionnaire: willingness to participate, willingness to participate with no payment, propensity to neglect to tell about restricted activities, propensity to neglect to tell about negative effects, and risk rating. Results: Monetary payment had positive effects on respondents' willingness to participate in research, regardless of the level of risk. However, higher monetary payments did not appear to blind respondents to the risks of a study. Payment had some influence on respondents' potential behaviours regarding concealing information about restricted activities. However, payment did not appear to have a significant effect on respondents' propensity to neglect to tell researchers about negative effects. Conclusions: Monetary payments appear to do what they are intended to do: make subjects more willing to participate in research. Concerns about payments blinding subjects to risks could not be substantiated in the present study. However, the findings do raise other concerns- notably the potential for payments to diminish the integrity of a study's findings. Future research is critical to make sound decisions about the payment of research subjects
SN  - 0306-6800
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 451
T1  - Appraising and applying evidence about a diagnostic test during a performance-based assessment
A1  - Bergus,G.
A1  - Vogelgesang,S.
A1  - Tansey,J.
A1  - Franklin,E.
A1  - Feld,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004498829 IN - G. Bergus, Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; United States. E-Mail: george-bergus@uiowa.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200449
KW  - *Diagnostic Test
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - City
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - competency
KW  - context
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Peers
KW  - practice
KW  - Probability
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.4, 2004.Date of Publication: 13 OCT 2004.
VL  - Vol. 4
N2  - Background: The practice of Evidence-based Medicine requires that clinicians assess the validity of published research and then apply the results to patient care. We wanted to assess whether our soon-to-graduate medical students could appraise and apply research about a diagnostic test within a clinical context and to compare our students with peers trained at other institutions. Methods: 4th year medical students who previously had demonstrated competency at probability revision and just starting first-year Internal Medicine residents were used for this research. Following an encounter with a simulated patient, subjects critically appraised a paper about an applicable diagnostic test and revised the patient's pretest probability given the test result. Results: The medical students and residents demonstrated similar skills at critical appraisal, correctly answering 4.7 and 4.9, respectively, of 6 questions (p = 0.67). Only one out of 28 (3%) medical students and none of the 15 residents were able to correctly complete the probability revision task (p = 1.00). Conclusions: This study found that most students completing medical school are able to appraise an article about a diagnostic test but few are able to apply the information from the article to a patient. These findings raise questions about the clinical usefulness of the EBM skills possessed by graduating medical students within the area of diagnostic testing. copyright 2004 Bergus et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1472-6920
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 452
T1  - Clinical trial performance of community- vs university-based practices in the Submacular Surgery Trials (SST): SST report no. 2
A1  - Bressler,N.M.
A1  - Hawkins,B.S.
A1  - Bressler,S.B.
A1  - Miskala,P.H.
A1  - Marsh,M.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004245909 IN - Dr. N.M. Bressler, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Medicine, 550 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205-2005; United States. E-Mail: nmboffice@jhmi.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200427
KW  - *Clinical Study
KW  - *Community Hospital
KW  - *Eye Surgery
KW  - *Job Performance
KW  - *submacular surgery
KW  - *University Hospital
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Feedback System
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Reading
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 857
EP  - 863
JF  - Archives of Ophthalmology.Vol.122(6)()(pp 857-863), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 122
IS  - 6
N2  - Objective: To compare the performance of community- vs university-based clinical centers in 3 multicenter randomized clinical trials of intraocular surgery. Methods: Each Submacular Surgery Trials clinical center was classified as a university-based center, if the contract to perform as a center was signed by a university official, or as a community-based center. The 2 groups of centers were compared on performance, assessed cumulatively by the Submacular Surgery Trials Quality Assurance and Monitoring Subcommittee. Outcome Measures: Patient accrual, completion of scheduled examinations, completion of masked vision examinations 2 years after enrollment (the designated primary study end point evaluation time), timeliness of submission of retinal photographs required by protocol to the Photograph Reading Center, completion of health- and vision-related quality-of-life interviews, and timeliness of submission of the primary outcome data to the Coordinating Center after completion of the examination. Results: Almost all centers performed at a very high (good) level, although there was a trend for some community-based centers to be at the lower end of most distributions. Conclusions: Most community- and university-based centers performed well in these multicenter clinical trials. Monitoring performance and periodically providing feedback to clinical center investigators may encourage excellent performance in areas critical to the success of clinical trials, regardless of whether the center is community or university based
SN  - 0003-9950
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 453
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for general practitioners - A tool for lifelong self-directed learning?
A1  - Chan,A.K.L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004502902 IN - Dr. A.K.L. Chan, ABBA Centre, 223 Aberdeen Main Road, Aberdeen; Hong Kong. E-Mail: amyklchan2003@yahoo.com.hk CP - Hong Kong LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200450
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *General Practice
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Consultation
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - feelings
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Primary Medical Care
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Time
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 400
EP  - 407
JF  - Hong Kong Practitioner.Vol.26(9)()(pp 400-407), 2004.
J1  - Hong Kong Practitioner
VL  - Vol. 26
IS  - 9
N2  - General Practitioners (GPs) encounter questions in the day-to-day clinical work but many of these questions are left unanswered. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a paradigm that can help GPs to meet their information needs, make better clinical decisions and improve patient outcomes. GPs worldwide have mixed feelings towards the increasing profile of EBM. Main obstacles cited include a negative attitude, lack of time, access problems and deficiency in skills in searching and critical appraisal. New developments in the model of EBM, improvements in medical informatics and practical suggestions that may help promote the learning and practice of EBM are discussed from the perspective of the local context
SN  - 1027-3948
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 454
T1  - Perceptions toward HIV, HIV screening, and the use of antiretroviral medications: A survey of maternity-based health care providers in Zambia
A1  - Chi,B.H.
A1  - Chansa,K.
A1  - Gardner,M.O.
A1  - Sangi-Haghpeykar,H.
A1  - Goldenberg,R.L.
A1  - Sinkala,M.
A1  - Muchimba,M.
A1  - Stringer,J.S.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004430938 IN - Dr. B.H. Chi, Ctr. for Infect. Dis. Res. in Zambia, Box 34681, Benakale Road, Lusaka; United States. E-Mail: Bchi@cidrz.org CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200444
KW  - *Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Screening Test
KW  - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antiretrovirus Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Midwife
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Screening
KW  - testing
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Vertical Transmission
KW  - Virus Transmission
KW  - Zambia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 685
EP  - 690
JF  - International Journal of STD & AIDS.Vol.15(10)()(pp 685-690), 2004.
J1  - International Journal of STD & AIDS
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 10
N2  - Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is a major contributor to Zambia's HIV burden. Based on our experience in Zambia, we felt that provider perceptions, knowledge base, and practice patterns toward HIV-positive mothers may pose as significant obstacles to preventing MTCT. Two hundred and twenty-five health care providers throughout Zambia were surveyed in 2002. Providers reported widespread stigma associated with HIV. Physicians (OR = 1.9), providers with research affiliations (OR = 2.3), and those located in Lusaka (OR = 9.0) were more likely to offer HIV testing. Only 30% routinely prescribed antiretroviral treatment (ART) to reduce MTCT. Practitioners from district facilities, those from Lusaka, and those employed at research facilities were more likely to prescribe ART routinely (OR = 2.8, 10.1 and 3.4 respectively). Among those never prescribing ART, most cited a lack of availability (83%). Our results highlight the need for further provider education, critical appraisal of the current system for HIV testing, and widespread distribution of ART
SN  - 0956-4624
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 455
T1  - Clinical practice guideline: 2003 Update of Standards, Options et Recommendations for first line palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (summary report). [French]
A1  - Conroy,T.
A1  - Gory-Delabaere,G.
A1  - Adenis,A.
A1  - Bosquet,L.
A1  - Bouche,O.
A1  - Louvet,C.
A1  - Mitry,E.
A1  - Becouarn,Y.
A1  - Bosset,J.F.
A1  - Ducreux,M.
A1  - Etienne,P.L.
A1  - Merrouche,Y.
A1  - Monges,G.
A1  - Rougier,P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004504528 IN - T. Conroy, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75654 Paris Cedex 13; France CP - France OT - RECOMMANDATIONS POUR LA PRATIQUE CLINIQUE: MISE A JOUR 2003 DES STANDARDS, OPTIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS POUR LA CHIMIOTHERAPIE PALLIATIVE DE PREMIERE LIGNE DES PATIENTS ATTEINTS D'UN CANCER COLORECTAL METASTATIQUE (RAPPORT ABREGE) LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 200451
KW  - *Cancer Chemotherapy
KW  - *Cancer Palliative Therapy
KW  - *Colorectal Cancer/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Colorectal Cancer/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Fluoropyrimidine Derivative/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Fluoropyrimidine Derivative/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Fluoropyrimidine Derivative/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - *Irinotecan/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Irinotecan/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Metastasis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Metastasis/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Methotrexate/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - *Methotrexate/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Methotrexate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Oxaliplatin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Oxaliplatin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 100286-90-6 (irinotecan)
KW  - 112887-68-0 (raltitrexed)
KW  - 1404-00-8 (mitomycin)
KW  - 154361-50-9 (capecitabine)
KW  - 15475-56-6,59-05-2,7413-34-5 (methotrexate)
KW  - 15663-27-1,26035-31-4,96081-74-2 (cisplatin)
KW  - 5 Ethynyluracil/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - 5 Ethynyluracil/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 51-21-8 (fluorouracil)
KW  - 51321-79-0 (sparfosic acid)
KW  - 52128-35-5 (trimetrexate)
KW  - 58-05-9,68538-85-2 (folinic acid)
KW  - 59989-18-3 (5 ethynyluracil)
KW  - 61825-94-3 (oxaliplatin)
KW  - 74578-38-4 (UFT)
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Capecitabine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Capecitabine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Cisplatin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Cisplatin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Cisplatin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Fluorouracil/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Fluorouracil/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Fluorouracil/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Folinic Acid/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Folinic Acid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Mitomycin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Mitomycin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Mitomycin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Public Hospital
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Raltitrexed/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Raltitrexed/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Review
KW  - schema
KW  - Sparfosic Acid/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Sparfosic Acid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Standard
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Contraindication
KW  - Treatment Duration
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - Trimetrexate/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Trimetrexate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Uft/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Uft/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 759
EP  - 768
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.91(10)()(pp 759-768), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 91
IS  - 10
N2  - Context. The 'Standards, Options and Recommendations' (SOR) project, which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the 20 French Regional Cancer Centres, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. Objectives. To update clinical practice guidelines for first line palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously validated in 1995, then updated in 1997 and published again in 1998. These recommendations do not cover second line treatment. Methods. The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines have been developed, they are reviewed by independent reviewers. Results. This article is a summary version of the updated clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main questions addressed by the expert group in this update concerned (1) Which patients should be treated? (2) What is the best treatment duration? (3) Which treatment should be administered? The new data identified concerning which patients to treat and the duration of treatment were consistent with the data presented in the initial report and did not modify the original recommendations from 1991. The new data available represent stronger evidence than those in the original report (Two good-quality meta-analyses published since 1997). A new guideline concerning patients who are 75 years old or more has been added. Concerning, the new evidence identified has modified the guidelines for the therapeutic schema to adopt from 1997. These modifications concern irinotecan, oxaliplatin, oral fluoropyrimidines and methotrexate. Treatment with irinotecan or oxaliplatin associated with continuous 5FU infusion, modulated with folinic acid (LV5FU2-like) has become a standard. The use of oral fluoropyrimidines has become an option for patients who refuse hospitalisation or treatment by infusion. The use of methotrexate combined with 5FU is no longer recommended
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 456
T1  - Review article: The overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome - A tale of one or two disorders?
A1  - Cremonini,F.
A1  - Talley,N.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004537508 IN - Dr. N.J. Talley, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Charlton 8-138, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905; United States. E-Mail: talley.nicholas@mayo.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200504
KW  - *Digestive System Function Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Digestive System Function Disorder/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Digestive System Function Disorder/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Dyspepsia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Dyspepsia/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Dyspepsia/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Irritable Colon/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Irritable Colon/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Irritable Colon/et [Etiology]
KW  - 38916-34-6,51110-01-1 (somatostatin)
KW  - 50-67-9 (serotonin)
KW  - 9011-97-6,93443-27-7 (cholecystokinin)
KW  - Analgesic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antidepressant Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cholecystokinin
KW  - Cholecystokinin Receptor Blocking Agent
KW  - Clinical Feature
KW  - College
KW  - Colon Motility
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Disease Classification
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Mechanism
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Genetic Predisposition
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Human
KW  - Intestine Transit Time
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disease
KW  - N Methyl Dextro Aspartic Acid Receptor Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Neurohormone/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Opiate Agonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Population Research
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prokinetic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Psychotropic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensory Nerve
KW  - Serotonin Agonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Serotonin Agonist/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Serotonin/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Somatostatin/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Stomach Emptying
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Tachykinin Receptor Antagonist/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Vanilloid Receptor/ec [Endogenous Compound]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 49
JF  - Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Supplement.Vol.20(7)()(pp 40-49), 2004.
J1  - Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Supplement
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 7
N2  - Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are currently considered to be two separate nosological entities. However, the overlap of symptoms and the evidence of a number of common pathophysiological characteristics suggest that functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome may be different presentations of the same disorder. In this review, we critically appraise points in common, as well as differences, in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and response to treatment of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Population-based studies and large case series show that one- to two-thirds of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome have symptoms that overlap with functional dyspepsia. Symptom analyses have generally failed to support functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome as separate entities. An exaggerated motor response to meals, delayed gastric emptying and abnormal small bowel and colonic transit can all be found in subsets of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and are not exclusive to either condition. Visceral hypersensitivity is a common feature to both entities and seems unlikely to be site or disease specific. There is good evidence for the post-infectious development of irritable bowel syndrome, and this may also apply in functional dyspepsia. Psychiatric comorbidities are similar in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Several common drug classes (prokinetics, visceral analgesics, psychoactive agents) may similarly improve both functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. The evidence available suggests that at least subsets of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome represent different manifestations of a single entity. The identification of common pathophysiological targets for therapy should be pursued in future research
SN  - 0953-0673
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 457
T1  - Lack of chart reminder effectiveness on family medicine resident JNC-VI and NCEP III guideline knowledge and attitudes
A1  - Echlin,P.S.
A1  - Upshur,R.E.G.
A1  - Markova,T.P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004478701 IN - P.S. Echlin, Primary Care Research Unit, Dept. of Fam. and Community Medicine, Sunnybrook/Women's Coll. Hlth. S. C., 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M4N 3M5; Canada. E-Mail: p_echlinfp@hotmail.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200522
KW  - *Family Medicine
KW  - *Physician Attitude
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - *Residency Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prevention
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Working Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
JF  - BMC Family Practice.Vol.5()(pp 1-7), 2004.Date of Publication: 05 JUL 2004.
J1  - BMC Family Practice
VL  - Vol. 5
N2  - Background: The literature demonstrates that medical residents and practicing physicians have an attitudinal-behavioral discordance concerning their positive attitudes towards clinical practice guidelines (CPG), and the implementation of these guidelines into clinical practice patterns. Methods: A pilot study was performed to determine if change in a previously identified CPG compliance factor (accessibility) would produce a significant increase in family medicine resident knowledge and attitude toward the guidelines. The primary study intervention involved placing a summary of the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP III) CPGs in all patient (>18 yr.) charts for a period of three months. The JNC VI and NCEP III CPGs were also distributed to each Wayne State family medicine resident, and a copy of each CPG was placed in the preceptor's area of the involved clinics. Identical pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to all residents concerning CPG knowledge and attitude. Results: Post-intervention analysis failed to demonstrate a significant difference in CPG knowledge. A stastically significant post-intervention difference was found in only on attitude question. The barriers to CPG compliance were identified as 1) lack of CPG instruction; 2) lack of critical appraisal ability; 3) insufficient time; 4) lack of CPG accessibility; and 5) lack of faculty modeling. Conclusion: This study demonstrated no significant post intervention changes in CPG knowledge, and only one question that reflected attitude change. Wider resident access to dedicated clinic time, increased faculty modeling, and the implementation of an electronic record/reminder system that uses a team-based approach are compliance factors that should be considered for further investigation. The interpretation of CPG non-compliance will benefit from a causal matrix focused on physician knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Recent findings in resident knowledge-behavior discordance may direct the future investigation of physician CPG non-compliance away from generalized barrier research, and toward the development of information that maximizes the sense of individual practitioner urgency and certainty
SN  - 1471-2296
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 458
T1  - Critically Appraised Topics
A1  - Fetters,L.
A1  - Figueiredo,E.M.
A1  - Keane-Miller,D.
A1  - McSweeney,D.J.
A1  - Tsao,C.C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004104817 IN - Dr. L. Fetters, Programs in Physical Therapy, Dept. of Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215; United States. E-Mail: fetters@bu.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200412
KW  - *critically appraised topic
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Dissemination
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Cerebral Palsy/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Documentation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - Rehabilitation Medicine
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 21
JF  - Pediatric Physical Therapy.Vol.16(1)()(pp 19-21), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 1
N2  - This article describes the critically appraised topic (CAT) as a means to disseminate evidence from research literature to rehabilitation professionals. A CAT is a standardized, one-page summary of research evidence organized around a clinical question. A CAT includes a clinical bottom line that reflects synthesis of a research article and clinical application of the results. The synthesis includes a critique of the internal, external, and statistical validity of the research. The process of writing CATs has been used in the preparation of evidence-based practitioners. Commonly used websites for preparation and posting of CATs are included as well as an example of a CAT on the topic of cerebral palsy
SN  - 0898-5669
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 459
T1  - Appraising evidence: The GP registrar perspective
A1  - Galloway,R.
A1  - Urquhart,C.
A1  - Evans,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004094517 IN - C. Urquhart, Department of Information Studies, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Llanbadarn Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3AS; United Kingdom. E-Mail: ahcjurquhart@enterprise.net CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200411
KW  - *General Practice
KW  - *Quality Control
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Audit
KW  - control
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vocational Education
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 64
EP  - 72
JF  - Education for Primary Care.Vol.15(1)()(pp 64-72), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 1
N2  - The aim of the study was to examine to what extent GP registrars used quality research evidence in their summative assessment audit projects. A further aim was to uncover reasons for the GP registrars' observed literature use and their attitudes to evidence-based medicine (EBM). The sample was carried out in 2001 and comprised GP registrars in Wales. Of the 51 contacted, 29 consented to analysis of their audit project, and 25 of those were interviewed. Findings indicated that randomised control trials (RCTs) were cited, but less use was made of systematic reviews or high-quality web-based resources in the projects. Most GP registrars could not clearly articulate their reasons for relevancy of sources cited. The literature search training received by GP registrars varied widely. The study concluded that critical appraisal training within the vocational training scheme (VTS) needs to provide genuinely transferable skills
SN  - 1473-9879
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 460
T1  - Development and implementation of a hospital pharmacy journal club: Experience at the children's and women's health centre of British Columbia
A1  - Gerber,P.
A1  - Ensom,M.H.H.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004445422 IN - Dr. P. Gerber, Pharmacy Department, Children's/Women's Health Centre, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4; Canada. E-Mail: gerber@interchange.ubc.ca CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200445
KW  - *Hospital Pharmacy
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - 15687-27-1 (ibuprofen)
KW  - 18559-94-9 (salbutamol)
KW  - 50-24-8 (prednisolone)
KW  - 51-43-4,55-31-2,6912-68-1 (adrenalin)
KW  - 83905-01-5 (azithromycin)
KW  - Adrenalin/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Adrenalin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - Artificial Milk
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Autism/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Azithromycin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Bronchiolitis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Canada
KW  - children
KW  - Cystic Fibrosis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Ibuprofen
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Measles/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Measles/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Mumps/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Mumps/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Prednisolone/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Prednisolone/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Probiotic Agent
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Rubella/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Rubella/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Salbutamol/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Salbutamol/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Surgical Training
KW  - Virus Infection/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Wheezing/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Women's Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 236
EP  - 240
JF  - Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy.Vol.57(4)()(pp 236-240), 2004.
J1  - Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
VL  - Vol. 57
IS  - 4
SN  - 0008-4123
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 461
T1  - The effectiveness of rehabilitation for nonoperative management of shoulder instability: A systematic review
A1  - Gibson,K.
A1  - Growse,A.
A1  - Korda,L.
A1  - Wray,E.
A1  - MacDermid,J.C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004243983 IN - Dr. J.C. MacDermid, School of Rehabilitation Science, IAHS, 1400 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8S 1C7; Canada. E-Mail: macderj@mcmaster.ca CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200426
KW  - *Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation/th [Therapy]
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Conservative Treatment
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Immobilization
KW  - Joint Mobility
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevention
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Recurrence Risk
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Secondary Prevention
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 229
EP  - 242
JF  - Journal of Hand Therapy.Vol.17(2)()(pp 229-242), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 17
IS  - 2
N2  - A systematic review of published evidence on conservative management was conducted in Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Allied & Alternative Medicine (AMED), PubMed, and Cochrane. For each article, two of the four reviewers conducted abstract selection and critical appraisal. Disagreements were resolved through consensus and third review, if required. Level of evidence and quality on a 24-item quantitative critical appraisal form were determined for all articles meeting selection criteria. Outcomes considered included recurrence of instability and return to premorbid function. Overall, the quantity and quality of evidence were low. Immobilization for three to four weeks followed by a structured 12-week rehabilitation program of range of motion and glenohumeral and scapular stability exercises for patients with primary dislocations to maximize return to premorbid activity level is supported by weak evidence. Level II evidence suggests that recurrence is lower in patients managed with surgical as compared with conservative management. Further research is required to delineate the optimal approach to rehabilitation and its role in secondary prevention
SN  - 0894-1130
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 462
T1  - Subject areas of study and clusters of investigation in the Neonatal Cochrane Collaboration. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004326218 IN - J. Gonzalez De Dios, C/ Prof. Manuel Sala, 6: 3 A, 03003 Alicante; Spain. E-Mail: gonzalez_jav@gva.es CP - Spain OT - AREAS TEMATICAS DE ESTUDIO Y GRUPOS DE INVESTIGACION EN LA COLABORACION COCHRANE NEONATAL LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200435
KW  - *Cochrane Library
KW  - *neonatal cochrane collaboration
KW  - *Neonatology
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Apnea/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Apnea/th [Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - Assisted Ventilation
KW  - Author
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - Brain Hemorrhage/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Brain Hemorrhage/th [Therapy]
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - Catheter
KW  - Child Nutrition
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conflict
KW  - Countries
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Disorders
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Extubation
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Lung Dysplasia/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Lung Dysplasia/th [Therapy]
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Milk
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Neonatology
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Newborn Apnea/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Newborn Apnea/th [Therapy]
KW  - Newborn Care
KW  - Newborn Disease/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Newborn Disease/th [Therapy]
KW  - Newborn Surgery
KW  - Nutritional Support
KW  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus
KW  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus/cn [Congenital Disorder]
KW  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus/th [Therapy]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prematurity
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Quantitative Analysis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Respiratory System
KW  - Retrolental Fibroplasia/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Retrolental Fibroplasia/th [Therapy]
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensory Dysfunction/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Sensory Dysfunction/th [Therapy]
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Supplementation
KW  - Surfactant
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - umbilical catheter
KW  - Umbilical Cord
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 194
EP  - 210
JF  - Revista Espanola de Pediatria.Vol.60(3)()(pp 194-210), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 60
IS  - 3
N2  - Introduction. Neonatal Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provides growing and readily accessible resource to help assure neonatologist that their care is based on detailed, critical, and current reviews of the best available evidence. Unafortunately, there are many clinical questions for which there is no good evidence on which to base clinical practice. The field of neonatal-perinatal medicine is littered with examples of therapeutic interventions that were at one time known to be beneficial but were later determined to be harmful. The objective of this article is to identified in which subject areas of study in Neonatal CC the decision-making in clinical practice is based in the best evidence, by means of the bibliometric characteristics (quantitative and qualitative) of the systematic reviews (SR) published. Methods. Bibliometric analysis of The Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews in Neonatal CC, Issue 2, 2003 (n= 147 SR). The dependent variable registered in each SR was subject area of study (respiratory, cardiovascular, infectious, etc) and the rest of variables were considered independent: authors (number and country), dates (late review and update), characteristics of included clinical trials (number and type), characteristics of the newborns included (number and gestacional age), reviewer's conclusions and potential conflicts of interest. Results. Respiratory was the most important subject area in Neonatal CC, both quantitative (69 SR) and qualitative. Gastroenterology-nutrition is the second quantitative subject area (23 RS), but only in modalities of nutritional support we found reviews of quality. The other subject areas are infrequent: cardiovascular (10 SR), neurologic (10 SR), internal millieu (9 SR), infectious (6 SR), sensorial disorders (4 SR), neonatal surgery (3 SR) and miscellaneous (13 SR). We identified selective clusters of secondary investigation, mainly in respiratory subject area (extubation, surfactant, modalities of respiratory support, neonatal apnea, bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and also others clusters of interest: intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, supplementation of human milk, umbilical catheters, etc. All the SR are about interventions for the treatment or prevention of diseases, and we don't found any review about diagnostic tests. Discussion. Many therapies in Neonatology persist without supportive evidence, and some common therapies may actually be harmful. At the moment, the SR published in Neonatal CC support an evidence-based decision making mainly in the subject area of respiratory, and less frequent in some aspects of the rest of subjects areas. Moreover, almost half of the reviewer's conclusions are insufficient for inferring probable effects in clinical practice. We identified clusters of 'secondary investigation' about specific themes in Neonatal CC. Newborn infants are better served by guidelines that recommend only strategies that are supported by strong evidence and recommend further research when the evidence is inadequate. The development of neonatal research networks has greatly expanded the opportunities for neonatologists to participate in the large multicenter studies that are needed to resolve important clinical questions. Improving the quality of neonatal care and the outcomes of tiny patients are goals that all neonatologists support. Benchmarking adds a tool to the armamentarium to produce these changes and complements improvements driven by evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0034-947X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 463
T1  - Evaluation of a clinical governance training programme for non-executive directors of NHS organisations
A1  - Greco,M.
A1  - Powell,R.
A1  - Jolliffe,J.
A1  - Sweeney,K.
A1  - Wyatt,K.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004331036 IN - Dr. M. Greco, NHS Exeter/North Devon RDSU, Noy Scott House, Haldon View Terrace, Exeter, Devon EX2 5EQ; United Kingdom. E-Mail: m.j.greco@exeter.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200434
KW  - *Clinical Education
KW  - *Education Program
KW  - *Health Care Management
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Authority
KW  - Board of Trustees
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - Confidence
KW  - context
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - meetings
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Perception
KW  - Performance
KW  - Primary Medical Care
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Task Performance
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 119
EP  - 127
JF  - Quality in Primary Care.Vol.12(2)()(pp 119-127), 2004.
J1  - Quality in Primary Care
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 2
N2  - Context. Non-executive directors in the South West Region. Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a one-day training programme for non-executive directors in critically appraising board clinical governance reports. Design. The evaluation included delegate perceptions of their skills, knowledge and confidence, as well as the views of their Board chief executive officers (CEOs)/chairs regarding the ability of the non-executive directors to bring these attributes to board meetings, before and after the workshop. Subjects. In total, 86 non-executive directors attended the workshops. All eight healthcare communities in the south west were represented and most participants were drawn from primary care, health authorities, and acute and community trusts. Results. Results showed that delegates' knowledge, skills, attitudes and confidence had improved significantly immediately after the workshop. In particular, delegates' knowledge and understanding of the critical appraisal aspects of clinical governance seemed to have been the most affected. The evaluation strategy also tested whether these skills and knowledge were retained after three months. Results showed that the gains made by the workshop had been sustained in all cases. In some areas, such as skills and confidence in their experience as working as non-executive/lay representatives, their ratings of performance had continued to improve beyond the experience of the workshop. Findings also showed that CEOs/chairs noticed an increase in delegates' confidence in carrying out their tasks as non-executive/lay members. Ratings of their contribution to the board meetings improved but not significantly. Conclusions. Overall, the workshop was shown to be an effective mechanism for raising the performance of non-executive/lay members in being fit for the role for critically appraising clinical governance reports. copyright 2004 Radcliffe Medical Press
SN  - 1479-1072
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 464
T1  - The health professors education. Role of discussion in small groups for the development of the critical reading aptitude. [Spanish]
A1  - Insfran-Sanchez,M.
A1  - Viniegra-Velasquez,L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004464219 IN - Dr. L. Viniegra-Velazquez, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, 06725 Mexico, D.F.; Mexico. E-Mail: leonardo.viniegra@imss.gob.mx CP - Mexico OT - LA FORMACION DE PROFESORES EN EL AREA DE LA SALUD. PAPEL DE LA DISCUSION EN PEQUEN~OS GRUPOS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA APTITUD PARA LA LECTURA CRITICA LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200447
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - Article
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - critical reading
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - Embase
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Personnel
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - participation
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - small groups
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Validation Process
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 466
EP  - 476
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - Vol. 56
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective. Compare the achievements of an educational strategy promoting participation of three phases (homework, discussion in small groups, plenary session) and other of two phases (homework and plenary session) for the development of critical reading of educational research reports in professors of medicine and other health care areas. Material and methods. An instrument was validated with summaries of 5 published articles and 114 sentences that explored the 3 indicators of critical reading: to interpret, judge and propose; balanced by indicators and options with true/false/don't know answers. The consistency of the instrument was 0.90 (Kuder-Richardson). Two groups of medical and no medical personnel were formed at random. The experimental group (GE) was exposed to the strategy promoting the participation of three phases and the control group (GO to the strategy promoting the participation of two phases. The contents and duration were equal in both groups. Results. Before the educative interventions there were no significant differences between the groups. After the interventions both groups advanced significantly in the global score, the GE from 32 to 82 (p < 0.005) and the GC from 28 to 52 (p < 0.01). When comparing between themselves statistically significant differences were found on behalf of the GE (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The achievement of the educational strategy promoting the participation of three phases was superior to the strategy of two phases and this difference is due to the discussion phase in small groups
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 465
T1  - A systematic review of the content of critical appraisal tools
A1  - Katrak,P.
A1  - Bialocerkowski,A.E.
A1  - Massy-Westropp,N.
A1  - Kumar,V.S.S.
A1  - Grimmer,K.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004498839 IN - K.A. Grimmer, Centre for Allied Health Evidence, City East Campus, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000; Australia. E-Mail: karen.grimmer@unisa.edu.au CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200449
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Quality Control
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - City
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Consumer
KW  - content
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Electronics
KW  - Embase
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health research
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Psychometry
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Recording
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medical Research Methodology.Vol.4, 2004.Date of Publication: 16 SEP 2004.
VL  - Vol. 4
N2  - Background: Consumers of research (researchers, administrators, educators and clinicians) frequently use standard critical appraisal tools to evaluate the quality of published research reports. However, there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate critical appraisal tool for allied health research. We summarized the content, intent, construction and psychometric properties of published, currently available critical appraisal tools to identify common elements and their relevance to allied health research. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken of 121 published critical appraisal tools sourced from 108 papers located on electronic databases and the Internet. The tools were classified according to the study design for which they were intended. Their items were then classified into one of 12 criteria based on their intent. Commonly occurring items were identified. The empirical basis for construction of the tool, the method by which overall quality of the study was established, the psychometric properties of the critical appraisal tools and whether guidelines were provided for their use were also recorded. Results: Eighty-seven percent of critical appraisal tools were specific to a research design, with most tools having been developed for experimental studies. There was considerable variability in items contained in the critical appraisal tools. Twelve percent of available tools were developed using specified empirical research. Forty-nine percent of the critical appraisal tools summarized the quality appraisal into a numeric summary score. Few critical appraisal tools had documented evidence of validity of their items, or reliability of use. Guidelines regarding administration of the tools were provided in 43% of cases. Conclusions: There was considerable variability in intent, components, construction and psychometric properties of published critical appraisal tools for research reports. There is no 'gold standard' critical appraisal tool for any study design, nor is there any widely accepted generic tool that can be applied equally well across study types. No tool was specific to allied health research requirements. Thus interpretation of critical appraisal of research reports currently needs to be considered in light of the properties and intent of the critical appraisal tool chosen for the task. copyright 2004 Katrak et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1471-2288
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 466
T1  - AANA Journal Course. Update for nurse anesthetists - Rave drugs: Pharmacological considerations
A1  - Klein,M.
A1  - Kramer,F.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004149482 IN - M. Klein, Graduate Anesthesia Program, Univ. of Akron College of Nursing, Akron, OH; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200417
KW  - *Anesthesia
KW  - *Anesthetic Agent/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - *Anesthetic Agent/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - *Anesthetic Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Drug Abuse
KW  - *Illicit Drug/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/ih [Inhalational Drug Administration]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/im [Intramuscular Drug Administration]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - *Illicit Drug/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - 1622-62-4 (flunitrazepam)
KW  - 1867-66-9,6740-88-1,81771-21-3 (ketamine)
KW  - 28297-73-6,51-57-0,537-46-2,7632-10-2 (methamphetamine)
KW  - 28805-76-7,56-12-2 (4 aminobutyric acid)
KW  - 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - 4 Aminobutyric Acid/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - 4 Hydroxybutyric Acid/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - 42542-10-9 (3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
KW  - 50-37-3 (lysergide)
KW  - 591-81-1 (4 hydroxybutyric acid)
KW  - Acidosis/et [Etiology]
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - Anesthesist
KW  - Anesthetic Agent
KW  - Cardiotoxicity/et [Etiology]
KW  - Cardiovascular Effect
KW  - College
KW  - Culture
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Surgery
KW  - English
KW  - Flunitrazepam/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Flunitrazepam/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - Flunitrazepam/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Flunitrazepam/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - Human
KW  - Hyperthermia/et [Etiology]
KW  - Illicit Drug
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Ketamine/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Ketamine/im [Intramuscular Drug Administration]
KW  - Ketamine/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - Ketamine/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - Ketamine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Ketamine/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Ketamine/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - Liver Necrosis/et [Etiology]
KW  - Lysergide/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Lysergide/ih [Inhalational Drug Administration]
KW  - Lysergide/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - Lysergide/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - Lysergide/na [Intranasal Drug Administration]
KW  - Lysergide/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Lysergide/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Lysergide/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - Methamphetamine/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Methamphetamine/it [Drug Interaction]
KW  - Methamphetamine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Methamphetamine/to [Drug Toxicity]
KW  - Neuromodulation
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Operating Room
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Respiration Depression/et [Etiology]
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Risk Management
KW  - rohypnol
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 67
JF  - AANA Journal.Vol.72(1)()(pp 61-67), 2004.
J1  - AANA Journal
VL  - Vol. 72
IS  - 1
N2  - An increasingly prevalent component of today's adolescent and young adult culture are the rave or club drugs, such as Ecstasy, Rohypnol, -hydroxybutyric acid, ketamine, Fry, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and methamphetamine. Considering the incidence of accidental injury in this age group, young patients admitted to the operating room in emergency situations may be under the influence of one of these drugs. Each of these illicit drugs has distinct adverse physiological effects that may be compounded by the administration of anesthetic agents. Thus, it is important for the anesthetist to be cognizant of these drugs, their effects, and the potential risk factors they pose
SN  - 0094-6354
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 467
T1  - Journal club
A1  - Meals,R.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004223885 CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200424
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Postgraduate Education
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 357
EP  - 358
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery.Vol.29(3)()(pp 357-358), 2004.
J1  - Journal of Hand Surgery
VL  - Vol. 29
IS  - 3
SN  - 0363-5023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 468
T1  - Essential requirements for practice guidelines at national and local levels
A1  - Nonino,F.
A1  - Liberati,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004169999 IN - F. Nonino, Ctr. Eval. Effectiveness Med. Care, CeVEAS, Viale Muratori 201, I-41100 Modena; Italy. E-Mail: f.nonino@ausl.mo.it CP - Italy LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200418
KW  - *Stroke
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Article
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Feasibility Study
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Availability
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital Department
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - intervention
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Relative
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Time
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2
EP  - 7
JF  - Neurological Sciences.Vol.25(1)()(pp 2-7), 2004.
J1  - Neurological Sciences
VL  - Vol. 25
IS  - 1
N2  - We explored whether local practice guidelines (PGs) on stroke management had undergone a process of local adaptation in relation to the appropriate and feasible configuration of stroke units (SUs). We critically appraised 7 PGs developed by 6 Italian local healthcare units, using explicit criteria to evaluate internal validity and their adequacy relative to local implementation issues. All PGs were developed by multidisciplinary working groups. In 4 of 6 PGs recommending SUs for stroke care, methodology for evidence retrieval was poor. Although organisational aspects were addressed in 4 of 6 PGs, details on how a SU should be organised were not provided in any of the examined PGs. Despite availability of national and international stroke PGs, at local level guidelines developers seem to spend time in 'reinventing the wheel' rather than concentrating on what matters for local implementation. Besides being inefficient, this seems to lead to methodologically poor products inappropriate for what should be done to assure that interventions that work are packaged in a way that is compatible with their uptake into the ongoing services activities
SN  - 1590-1874
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 469
T1  - New accredited Continuing Medical Education (CME) program for readers of Critical Care Medicine
A1  - Parrillo,J.E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004444690 CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200445
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Online System
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1989
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.Vol.32(10)()(pp 1989), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 32
IS  - 10
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 470
T1  - Evidence-Based Medicine: What Is It and How Does It Apply to Athletic Training?
A1  - Steves,R.
A1  - Hootmant,J.M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004166833 IN - R. Steves, Box 71, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; United States. E-Mail: rgsteves@princeton.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200419
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Muscle Training
KW  - *Sports Medicine
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Athlete
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Musculoskeletal Injury
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Sport
KW  - Sports Medicine
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 87
JF  - Journal of Athletic Training.Vol.39(1)()(pp 83-87), 2004.
J1  - Journal of Athletic Training
VL  - Vol. 39
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: To introduce the concept of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to athletic trainers. This overview provides information on how EBM can affect the clinical practice of athletic training and enhance the care given to patients. Data Sources: We searched the MEDLINE and CINHAL bibliographic databases using the terms evidence-based medicine and best practice and the online Index to Abstracts of Cochrane Reviews by group (injury, musculoskeletal injuries, and musculoskeletal) to identify reviews on topics pertinent to athletic training. Data Synthesis: Evidence-based medical practice has 5 components: defining a clinically relevant question, searching for the best evidence, appraising the quality of the evidence, applying the evidence to clinical practice, and evaluating the process. Evidence-based medicine integrates the research evidence, clinician's expertise, and patient's preferences to guide clinical decision making. Critical to this effort is the availability of quality research on the effectiveness of sports medicine techniques. Athletic training outcomes research is lagging behind that of other health care professions. Recommendations: Athletic trainers need to embrace the critical-thinking skills to assess the medical literature and incorporate it into their clinical practice. The profession should encourage more clinically related research and enhance the scientific foundation of athletic training. Evidence-based medicine provides an important next step in the growth of the athletic training profession
SN  - 1062-6050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 471
T1  - How to make journal clubs interesting
A1  - Swift,G.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004026649 IN - G. Swift, Meadowbrook Unit, Trafford Mental Health Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD; United Kingdom. E-Mail: ger.swift@ntlworld.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200405
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - *Publication
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Creativity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Staff
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - Paper
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Review
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 67
EP  - 72
JF  - Advances in Psychiatric Treatment.Vol.10(1)()(pp 67-72), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - 1
N2  - Almost all psychiatric training programmes include a journal club. These clubs are experiencing a revival as a result of the introduction of a critical review paper into Part II of the MRCPsych examinations. Successful clubs are generally those with a, single designated leader and mandatory attendance; provision of food is also helpful. A number of possible formats are discussed, designed to make the club an entertaining and stimulating experience
SN  - 1355-5146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 472
T1  - Methodological appraisal of guidelines. The AGREE instrument. [Portuguese, English]
A1  - Vaz,Carneiro A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004219853 IN - A. Vaz Carneiro, Ctro. Estud. Med. Baseada Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-035 Lisboa; Portugal CP - Portugal OT - AVALIACA~O METODOLOGICA DE NORMAS DE ORIENTACA~O CLINICA (GUIDELINES). O INSTRUMENTO AGREE LG - Portuguese, English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200424
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - credibility
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - strategies
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 447
EP  - 456
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.23(3)()(pp 447-456), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 3
N2  - The increasingly important role of clinical practice guidelines as a support tool for clinical decision-making is shown by a growing number of publications in the literature. In fact, it is almost impossible to open a medical journal without coming across one or more guidelines on various subjects. Guidelines serve several objectives: 1) improvement in health care (increasing good and decreasing bad practices); 2) greater availability of and access to medical knowledge; and 3) promotion of cost-effective strategies. The recommended methodology for guideline design and development requires that the recommendations should be evidence-based, i.e., based on selected and critically appraised data, with the final inclusion of evidence that is valid, important and applicable, based on explicit pre-defined criteria. The methodological quality of guidelines varies substantially, raising credibility issues, with subsequent lack of results (in terms of changing medical practice). This has given rise to a series of recent publications on methodological rules for the design and writing of guidelines. This paper presents the first international instrument that can be used as a quality assurance tool for evidence-based clinical guidelines: the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 473
T1  - Clinicians' guide to evaluating diagnostic and screening tests in psychiatry
A1  - Warner,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2004491167 IN - J. Warner, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Imperial College School of Medicine, Paterson Centre, 20 South Wharf Road, London W2 1PD; United Kingdom. E-Mail: j.warner@imperial.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200449
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - *Psychologic Assessment
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Diagnostic Error
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Value
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Probability
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Receiver Operating Characteristic
KW  - Reference Value
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - School
KW  - Screening
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Statistical Model
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 446
EP  - 454
JF  - Advances in Psychiatric Treatment.Vol.10(6)()(pp 446-454), 2004.
J1  - Advances in Psychiatric Treatment
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - 6
N2  - The emphasis on the evidence base of treatments may diminish awareness that critical appraisal of research into other aspects of psychiatric practice is equally important. There is a risk that diagnostic tests may be inappropriate in some clinical settings or the results of a particular test may be overinterpreted, leading to incorrect diagnosis. This article outlines the method of critically evaluating the validity of articles about diagnostic and screening tests in psychiatry and discusses concepts of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. The use of likelihood ratios in improving clinical certainty that a disease is present or absent is examined
SN  - 1355-5146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 474
T1  - Hip protectors and their role in hip fracture prevention: A review
A1  - Cowling,P.D.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005072081 IN - P.D. Cowling, 12 Hartburn Place, Fenham, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 9DL; United Kingdom. E-Mail: p.d.cowling@ncl.ac.uk CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200509
KW  - *Hip Fracture/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Protective Equipment
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Countries
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - elderly
KW  - Elderly Care
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Female
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Mobility
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Research
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - testing
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
JF  - Mcgill Journal of Medicine.Vol.8(1)()(pp 58-65), 2004.
J1  - Mcgill Journal of Medicine
VL  - Vol. 8
IS  - 1
N2  - Hip fractures cause severe worldwide morbidity and loss of independence, costing national healthcare systems millions of pounds each year. The incidence is increasing with the expanding elderly population common of many Western countries. Hip protectors have been progressively studied in recent years focussing upon their use in hip fracture prevention, and compliance levels. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of protectors, and also investigates compliance levels. A search for English language Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) testing effectiveness of hip protectors was performed on Medline and Embase. Nine articles fulfilling the search criteria were found. Each was reviewed for hip protector effectiveness and compliance rates within the study, with results and conclusions critically-appraised. Of the nine articles, six (66.6%) found hip protectors to be effective in preventing hip fractures in selective populations. However, poor compliance rates were found in all reviewed trials. Future research should therefore focus upon improving compliance rates in the studied population
SN  - 1201-026X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 475
T1  - Introduction to CATCH-IT Reports: Critically appraised topics in communication, health informatics, and technology
A1  - Eysenbach,G.
A1  - Norman,C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005093092 IN - Dr. G. Eysenbach, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, University of Toronto, University Health Network, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ont. M5G 2C4; Canada. E-Mail: geysenba@uhnres.utoronto.ca CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200505
KW  - *Medical Informatics
KW  - *Medical Technology
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - business
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communication
KW  - Community Care
KW  - Consumer
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Home
KW  - Hope
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - innovation
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Journal of Medical Internet Research.Vol.6(4), 2004.
J1  - Journal of Medical Internet Research
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 4
N2  - EHealth has developed largely from an interdisciplinary framework and, as such, does not have a 'home' discipline. The absence of this home discipline has allowed eHealth research to be published widely in journals ranging from the medical sciences, to engineering, to social science or to business and policy studies. The result of this fragmented, decentralized literature base is that researchers are not always aware of important papers published in other areas and journals. With this issue the Journal of Medical Internet Research is inaugurating a new article category which we call 'CATCH-IT Reports' (Critically Appraised Topics in Communication, Health Informatics, and Technology). We hope these reports will draw attention to important work published in other (sometimes obscure) journals, provide a platform for discussion around results and methodological issues in eHealth research, and help to develop a framework for evidence-based eHealth. CATCH-IT Reports arise from 'journal club' - like sessions founded in February 2003 at the Centre for Global eHealth Innovation. We invite other research institutions to create similar journal clubs and to write up and submit to this journal critiques in the form of CATCH-IT Reports
SN  - 1438-8871
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 476
T1  - Integrative medicine and pediatric emergency medicine: Can they be complementary?
A1  - Fitzmaurice,L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005048759 IN - L. Fitzmarice, Emergency Medical Services, Children's Mercy Hospitals/Clinics, University of Missouri, 2401 Gilham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108; United States. E-Mail: lfitzmaurice@cmh.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200507
KW  - *Alternative Medicine
KW  - *Child Health Care
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Acupressure
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - Allergy/th [Therapy]
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Asthma/th [Therapy]
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder/th [Therapy]
KW  - Brain Function
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Chinese Medicine
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Colic/th [Therapy]
KW  - Communication
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diarrhea/th [Therapy]
KW  - Doctor Patient Relation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback System
KW  - Healing
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Homeopathy
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypnosis
KW  - Imagery
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Manipulative Medicine
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mind
KW  - Otitis Media/th [Therapy]
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Relaxation Training
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Skin Disease/th [Therapy]
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Upper Respiratory Tract Infection/th [Therapy]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 284
EP  - 296
JF  - Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine.Vol.5(4)()(pp 284-296), 2004.
J1  - Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
VL  - Vol. 5
IS  - 4
N2  - Integrative medicine (IM) is a healing-oriented approach to medicine that combines all therapeutic systems (mind, body, and spirit) in practicing both the art and science of medicine. It seeks to combine the best therapies of allopathic and alternative medicine into cost-effective treatments with the aim of stimulating the body's natural healing potential. It neither rejects allopathic medicine nor embraces alternative practices without critical appraisal of the benefits of each. Combining the skills of acute management and prevention education, integral to the practice of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM), with the IM approach, can result in positive improvements in patient care in the areas of satisfaction, safety, and communication for both the patient and provider. copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 1522-8401
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 477
T1  - A clarification of critical appraisal, evidence, and education
A1  - Gagnier,J.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005427117 IN - Prof. J.J. Gagnier, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ont.; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200543
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - Standardization
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Medgenmed [Computer File]: Medscape General Medicine.Vol.6(2), 2004.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 2
SN  - 1531-0132
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 478
T1  - What do evidence-based secondary journals tells us about the publication of clinically important articles in primary healthcare journals?
A1  - McKibbon,K.A.
A1  - Wilczynski,N.L.
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005082269 IN - K.A. McKibbon, Health Information Research Unit, Dept. Clin. Epidemiol./Biostatist., McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5; Canada. E-Mail: mckib@mcmaster.ca CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200510
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - *Publication
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Procedure
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Economic Aspect
KW  - economics
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - General Practice
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Preventive Medicine
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medicine.Vol.2, 2004.Date of Publication: 06 SEP 2004.
J1  - BMC Medicine
VL  - Vol. 2
N2  - Background: We conducted this analysis to determine i) which journals publish high-quality, clinically relevant studies in internal medicine, general/family practice, general practice nursing, and mental health; and ii) the proportion of clinically relevant articles in each journal. Methods: We performed an analytic survey of a hand search of 170 general medicine, general healthcare, and specialty journals for 2000. Research staff assessed individual articles by using explicit criteria for scientific merit for healthcare application. Practitioners assessed the clinical importance of these articles. Outcome measures were the number of high-quality, clinically relevant studies published in the 170 journal titles and how many of these were published in each of four discipline-specific, secondary 'evidence-based' journals (ACP Journal Club for internal medicine and its subspecialties; Evidence-Based Medicine for general/family practice; Evidence-Based Nursing for general practice nursing; and Evidence-Based Mental Health for all aspects of mental health). Original studies and review articles were classified for purpose: therapy and prevention, screening and diagnosis, prognosis, etiology and harm, economics and cost, clinical prediction guides, and qualitative studies. Results: We evaluated 60,352 articles from 170 journal titles. The pass criteria of high-quality methods and clinically relevant material were met by 3059 original articles and 1073 review articles. For ACP Journal Club (internal medicine), four titles supplied 56.5% of the articles and 27 titles supplied the other 43.5%. For Evidence-Based Medicine (general/family practice), five titles supplied 50.7% of the articles and 40 titles supplied the remaining 49.3%. For Evidence-Based Nursing (general practice nursing), seven titles supplied 51.0% of the articles and 34 additional titles supplied 49.0%. For Evidence-Based Mental Health (mental health), nine titles supplied 53.2% of the articles and 34 additional titles supplied 46.8%. For the disciplines of internal medicine, general/family practice, and mental health (but not general practice nursing), the number of clinically important articles was correlated with Science Citation Index (SCI) Impact Factors. Conclusions: Although many clinical journals publish high-quality, clinically relevant and important original studies and systematic reviews, the articles for each discipline studied were concentrated in a small subset of journals. This subset varied according to healthcare discipline; however, many of the important articles for all disciplines in this study were published in broad-based healthcare journals rather than subspecialty or discipline-specific journals. copyright 2004 McKibbon et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1741-7015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 479
T1  - Critical appraisal skills training for health care professionals: A randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46272378]
A1  - Taylor,R.S.
A1  - Reeves,B.C.
A1  - Ewings,P.E.
A1  - Taylor,R.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005043662 IN - R.S. Taylor, Dept. of Pub. Hlth. and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom. E-Mail: r.s.taylor@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200506
KW  - *Health Care Personnel
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Practice
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - challenge
KW  - Confidence
KW  - control
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Funding
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - play
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population Model
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.4, 2004.Date of Publication: 07 DEC 2004.
VL  - Vol. 4
N2  - Introduction: Critical appraisal skills are believed to play a central role in an evidence-based approach to health practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a critical appraisal skills educational intervention aimed at health care professionals. Methods: This prospective controlled trial randomized 145 self-selected general practitioners, hospital physicians, professions allied to medicine, and healthcare managers/ administrators from the South West of England to a half-day critical appraisal skills training workshop (based on the model of problem-based small group learning) or waiting list control. The following outcomes were assessed at 6-months follow up: knowledge of the principles necessary for appraising evidence; attitudes towards the use of evidence about healthcare; evidence seeking behaviour; perceived confidence in appraising evidence; and ability to critically appraise a systematic review article. Results: At follow up overall knowledge score [mean difference: 2.6 (95% CI: 0.6 to 4.6)] and ability to appraise the results of a systematic review [mean difference: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.01 to 2.4)] were higher in the critical skills training group compared to control. No statistical significant differences in overall attitude towards evidence, evidence seeking behaviour, perceived confidence, and other areas of critical appraisal skills ability (methodology or generalizability) were observed between groups. Taking into account the workshop provision costs and costs of participants time and expenses of participants, the average cost of providing the critical appraisal workshops was approximately 250 per person. Conclusions: The findings of this study challenge the policy of funding 'one-off' educational interventions aimed at enhancing the evidence-based practice of health care professionals. Future evaluations of evidence-based practice interventions need to take in account this trial's negative findings and methodological difficulties. copyright 2004 Taylor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1472-6920
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 480
T1  - The quest for scientific evidence in pressure ulcers: Five years, one goal, multiple ways. [Spanish]
A1  - Arboledas,Bellon J.
A1  - Melero,Lopez A.
A1  - Cobos,Vargas A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005544877 IN - J. Arboledas Belloon, Hospital San Juan de La Cruz de Ubeda, Jaen; Spain. E-Mail: josarbol@yahoo.es CP - Spain OT - EN BUSCA DE LA EVIDENCIA CIENTIFICA EN ULCERAS POR PRESION: CINCO AN~OS, UN OBJETIVO, MULTIPLES CAMINOS LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Article EM - 200551
KW  - *Decubitus
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Automation
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communication
KW  - Countries
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Base
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Research
KW  - Social Worker
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - texts
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Worker
KW  - Wound Care
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
JF  - Gerokomos.Vol.16(1)()(pp 47-53), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Introduction and objectives: Pressure ulcers (PU) are the object of numerous scientific papers in our country. However..., do we really know the scientific quality and evidence of such investigations?; is this evidence sufficient to strengthen or modify the current treatment patterns? Our objective is to rate and analize these investigations; assessing the structure, the level of evidence, journals, authors, field of study and cosistency with initial objectives. Methods: A quantitative -descriptive study of articles indexed in the CUIDEN data base, entering 'pressure ulcers' as a search term, over the period stretching from January 1999 to December 2003. Items obtained were critically read and their level of evidence was analyzed using as a reference the texts and materials supplied in F.P. Garcia Farnandez's and P.L. Pancorbo Hidalgo's course on evidence based nursing. Results: The search of the terms 'pressure ulcers' in the CUIDEN data base produced 242 articles. Of these, 85 were selected and subsequently classified as original papers (62), case reports (2), editorials (4), letters to the director (1), communications (4), clinical practice guidelines, CPG (12). Our analysis focused on the original papers, which represented 72.94% of the search results. Of these, 22.95% of the papers failed to present an structured summary. As for the quality of the evidence, the level of evidence was A or high in 6.55% of the papers, B or medium in 18.03% of the papers and C or low in 76.68% of the papers. The author included a statement of opinion in 13.11% of the papers. As for the conclusion/discussion, 13.11% of the articles lacked consistency with the objectives. Results were not compared with those of other studies in 40.98% of the papers and 9.83% of them did not produce results that justified the conclusions. Regarding the journals of publication, the papers appeared in Gerokomos, 35.48%; Rol, 19.35% and Metas, 6.45%. Geographically, publication was distributed in this way: Andalusia, 32.25%; Catalonia, 17.74% and Madrid, 14.51%. Overall, 85.48% of the authors were nurses and 3.22% were MDs. Secondary care accounted for 74.19% of the authorship, a total of 12.90% was primary care, 1.61% of the papers were signed by social workers and 9.67% were authored by primary and secondary care professionals jointly. Discussion: Methods used in research on PU are fundamentally rated as providing a C level of evidence, which is insufficient to strengthen or modify treatment patterns. We found that numerous reports produce conclusions that are not consistent with the objectives initially set out. No comparison with other studies is provided in a high percentage of papers. The investigators are nursing staff working in secondary care sites located in Andalusia, Catalonia and Madrid. Gerokomos continues to be a corner stone in the publication of original papers on PU. Over the last five years, research has experienced a linear progression
SN  - 1134-928X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 481
T1  - Do we understand the terminology used in evidence based practice?
A1  - Asghar,M.N.
A1  - Campbell,C.
A1  - Bhawan,S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005177467 IN - New Zealand CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200520
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Practice
KW  - Affect
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Personnel
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Staff
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Nomenclature
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Patient
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Responses
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Staff
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 170
EP  - 173
JF  - Pharmacy in Practice.Vol.15(4)()(pp 170-173), 2005.
J1  - Pharmacy in Practice
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 4
N2  - Introduction. Health care professionals talk much about the principles of evidence -based practice (EBP). The effectiveness of critical appraisal training has been studied, but little is known of our understanding of the terms used in EBP. Aim. To examine staff knowledge of the terminology used in EBP. Subjects. Pharmacists, nurses and medical staff employed at Wellington Hospital, New Zealand. Methods. During April 2004 a questionnaire was distributed to 16 pharmacists, 180 nurses and 75 medical staff at Wellington hospital. Staff were not segregated by grade or position. All questionnaires were anonymous, but were colour-coded by staff group. They were distributed to staff on a given ward once only and a follow-up questionnaire was not distributed. Results. After three weeks 38.5% of the 270 distributed questionnaires were returned. Responses to the questions were correct in 44.1% of cases, with 8.7% of responses being incorrect. Staff were unsure or unclear about the terms described in 29.7% of responses. Conclusions. The response rate of 38.5% from a single anonymous mailing is a reasonable rate, and of the questions answered, more than 60% were correct or nearly so. However, 29.7% of responses to the questions were scored as unsure suggesting that some additional support is needed. Most incorrect responses related to absolute risk, meta-analysis and odds ratio - terms in common use which could affect patient choice and treatment decisions. This small survey suggests that further work is needed to ensure that the terms used in EBP are understood
SN  - 1358-1538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 482
T1  - Chemoembolization and bland embolization: A critical appraisal
A1  - Befeler,A.S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005170180 IN - Dr. A.S. Befeler, Div. of Gastroenterol. and Hepatol., Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Grand FDT 9S, St. Louis, MO 63110; United States. E-Mail: befelera@slu.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200519
KW  - *Artificial Embolism
KW  - *bland embolization
KW  - *Chemoembolization
KW  - *Liver Cell Carcinoma/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Liver Cell Carcinoma/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Liver Cell Carcinoma/th [Therapy]
KW  - 10540-29-1 (tamoxifen)
KW  - 137-58-6,24847-67-4,56934-02-2,73-78-9 (lidocaine)
KW  - 15663-27-1,26035-31-4,96081-74-2 (cisplatin)
KW  - 23214-92-8,25316-40-9 (doxorubicin)
KW  - 41575-94-4 (carboplatin)
KW  - 50-07-7,74349-48-7 (mitomycin C)
KW  - 51-21-8 (fluorouracil)
KW  - 56390-09-1,56420-45-2 (epirubicin)
KW  - 63148-64-1 (polyvinyl alcohol sponge)
KW  - 8001-40-9,8002-46-8,8006-56-2,8006-57-3 (iodinated poppyseed oil)
KW  - Abdominal Pain/co [Complication]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Alanine Aminotransferase Blood Level
KW  - Antibiotic Agent
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cancer Surgery
KW  - Cancer Survival
KW  - Carboplatin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Carboplatin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Carboplatin/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Carboplatin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Carboplatin/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Carboplatin/pr [Pharmaceutics]
KW  - Cisplatin/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Cisplatin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Cisplatin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cisplatin/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Doxorubicin/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Doxorubicin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Doxorubicin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Doxorubicin/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epirubicin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Epirubicin/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Epirubicin/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Epirubicin/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Epirubicin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Epirubicin/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Epirubicin/pr [Pharmaceutics]
KW  - evidence
KW  - Fever/co [Complication]
KW  - Fluorouracil/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Fluorouracil/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Fluorouracil/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Gelfoam
KW  - gelfoam: Pharmacia Upjohn [United States]
KW  - Human
KW  - Iodinated Poppyseed Oil/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Iodinated Poppyseed Oil/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Iodinated Poppyseed Oil/pr [Pharmaceutics]
KW  - ivalon: M Pact Worldwide [United States]
KW  - journal
KW  - Lidocaine
KW  - Liver Transplantation
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Mitomycin C/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Mitomycin C/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Mitomycin C/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Mitomycin C/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Mitomycin C/pr [Pharmaceutics]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Radiofrequency Ablation
KW  - Role
KW  - Sedative Agent
KW  - Survival
KW  - Tamoxifen/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Tamoxifen/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Tamoxifen/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vomiting/co [Complication]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 300
JF  - Clinics in Liver Disease.Vol.9(2)()(pp 287-300), 2005.
J1  - Clinics in Liver Disease
VL  - Vol. 9
IS  - 2
N2  - Bland embolization and chemoembolization are commonly used therapies for patients with HCC who are not candidates for curative treatment. Thus, their role is palliative, and should be applied to patients with larger or multiple tumors who have sufficient hepatic reserve. The ability of chemoembolization as primary treatment to prolong survival has recently been demonstrated by meta-analysis. The evidence for efficacy of bland embolization is weaker. The role of embolization therapy before resection or OLT is controversial, and warrants assessment by RCT. copyright 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 1089-3261
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 483
T1  - Pre-hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) advanced provider course
A1  - Bendall,J.C.
A1  - Parsell,B.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005333492 CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200536
KW  - *Injury
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - *Long Term Care
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - content
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Exposure
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Note
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Patient
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12DUMMY
JF  - Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care.Vol.3(1-2)()(pp 12DUMMY), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 1-2
N2  - Overall, the course is a good product, delivering mostly useful information in a relaxed but educationally sound manner. The course is however rigid and there is only one way, the PHTLS way, especially when it comes to spinal immobilisation and on scene interventions. At present, few Australian pre-hospital providers go to the extremes of immobilising the cervical spine as is the case in the US and this (personally) became a little frustrating. The course is probably most suitable and valuable for team members in rural and remote areas where there are limited resources and exposure and in as much, a system such as PHTLS principles is likely to deliver reasonable quality care. Other groups to which the course would be valuable include predominantly in-hospital care providers (including Doctors and Nurses) who may have limited experience in the out-of-hospital setting, as the course provides rapid acquisition of knowledge and skills in a compact and efficient format. In terms of practising Ambulance Paramedics and Intensive Care Paramedics, what you get out of the course will vary depending on your background and experience. Junior staff would find the course valuable. More senior staff however may or may not find the course valuable and/or enjoyable. Nevertheless, irrespective of your knowledge, experience and training, it is important to reflect on your own practice from time to time, and this course provides the opportunity to do this. There is certainly valuable content in the course and ample opportunity to consolidate skills (even if performed differently to what you are used to). There was an emphasis on principles (covered nicely in Chapter 15) [2] namely: scene assessment; primary survey (and cervical spine immobilisation) with a 'treat as you go' philosophy [of note: - the PASG is still included with limited indications]; recognising time critical incidents (life threatening or multi-system injuries); minimising scene time (the Platinum 10 minutes of the Golden Hour) including 'limited scene intervention' [of note: - cannulation was not generally considered part of the limited scene intervention]; initiation of rapid transport to 'closest appropriate facility'. Interestingly, iv access, iv fluids, secondary survey and medical history were all indicated only after initiation of rapid transport. Whilst we agree in principle with not wasting time on scene, that we, like many of out pre-hospital colleagues believe, iv access can and should be established in an opportunistic fashion where possible, and that this (in most circumstances) will not 'waste time' and can be achieved (concurrently with other priorities, depending on resources) in the Platinum 10 minutes. The ability to establish two large bore cannulas enroute as the text suggests, adds (in our opinion), increased difficulty, decreased safety and a potentially more compromised patient. Obviously, if the patient is ready to be transported and iv access has not been established, then of course this should be done enroute
SN  - 1447-4999
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 484
T1  - Development and validation of the stroke action test
A1  - Billings-Gagliardi,S.
A1  - Mazor,K.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005210084 IN - Dr. S. Billings-Gagliardi, Department of Cell Biology (S7-147), Univ. of MA Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655; United States. E-Mail: susan.gagliardi@umassmed.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200522
KW  - *Stroke/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Biology
KW  - content
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical School
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Race
KW  - Recognition
KW  - relationships
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - United States
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1039
JF  - Stroke.Vol.36(5)()(pp 1035-1039), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 36
IS  - 5
N2  - Background and Purpose - Accurately assessing the public's readiness to respond to stroke is important. Most published measures are based on recall or recognition of stroke symptoms, or knowledge of the best action for stroke when the diagnosis is provided. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new written instrument whose items require the respondent to associate individual symptoms with the most appropriate action. Methods - The Stroke Action Test (STAT) contains 21 items that name or describe stroke symptoms from all 5 groups of warning signs and 7 items that are nonstroke symptoms. For each item, the respondent selects 1 of 4 options: call 911, call doctor, wait 1 hour, or wait 1 day. The instrument validation sample included 249 subjects from community-based organizations. Score reliability and validity were analyzed using multiple data and information sources. Results - The mean overall STAT score (all 28 items) for the lay people was 36.8%. On average, they chose call 911 for 34.1% of the stroke symptoms. They chose call doctor for 39.4% of the stroke symptoms, wait 1 hour for 20.1%, and wait 1 day for 6.0%. Score reliability is good (a=0.83). Evidence confirming score validity is presented based on analysis of item content and response patterns, and examination of the relationships between test scores and key variables related to stroke knowledge. Conclusions - STAT directly assesses a critical aspect of practical stroke knowledge that has been largely overlooked and provides scores with good reliability and validity. copyright 2005 American Heart Association, Inc
SN  - 0039-2499
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 485
T1  - Dementia in India - A critical appraisal
A1  - Biswas,A.
A1  - Chakraborty,D.
A1  - Dutt,A.
A1  - Roy,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005526136 IN - Dr. A. Biswas, Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurology, Kolkata 700025; India CP - India LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200552
KW  - *Dementia/co [Complication]
KW  - *Dementia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Dementia/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Dementia/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Alzheimer Disease/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Alzheimer Disease/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Antiinflammatory Agent
KW  - Antioxidant
KW  - Apolipoprotein E2/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Brain Infection
KW  - Cigarette Smoking
KW  - Community Care
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - Consciousness Disorder
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cyanocobalamin Deficiency
KW  - Dementia
KW  - Developed Country
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Disease Association
KW  - Disease Duration
KW  - Down Syndrome
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Data
KW  - Estrogen
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Family History
KW  - Female
KW  - Folic Acid Deficiency
KW  - Gene
KW  - Government
KW  - Head
KW  - Head Injury
KW  - Health Care Management
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - higher education
KW  - History
KW  - Hormone Substitution
KW  - Hospital Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - India
KW  - Insurance
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Malnutrition
KW  - Management
KW  - Neurologic Examination
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Neurosyphilis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Difference
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Structure
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Supplementation
KW  - Survival
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Survival Time
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Thyroid Disease
KW  - Tuberculosis
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 154
EP  - 161
JF  - Journal of the Indian Medical Association.Vol.103(3)()(pp 154-161), 2005.
J1  - Journal of the Indian Medical Association
VL  - Vol. 103
IS  - 3
N2  - Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterised by acquired loss of cognitive and emotional abilities that interfere with activities of daily living. It is a disease of the older adults. The overall prevalence of dementia in developed countries has been reported to be between 5% and 10% after 60 or 65 years and older. India is the second largest populous country. The prevalence doubles with every five-year increase in age. Looking at some studies, it appears that the prevalence of dementia in India is lower as compared to developed countries and even from other developing countries. The probable reasons for lower prevalence in India are enumerated as: False negatives, low life expectancy, shorter survival and duration of disease, low age-specific incidence. Risk factors include greater age, female sex, less education, positive family history, Down's syndrome, stroke and its risk factors, head trauma with loss of consciousness and thyroid diseases. Protective factors include higher education, APOE2 gene, intake of antioxidant substances, use of anti-inflammatory drugs, oestrogen supplements in women and also cigarette smoking (controversial). Alzheimer's disease has been found to be commonest cause of dementia. Patients of dementia require proper evaluation and management requires a multidisciplinary approach. The government and the social organisations should come forward and only a concerted effort of all people in every sphere of life will enable to tackle the new menace of this country
SN  - 0019-5847
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 486
T1  - Cross-cultural effect on the brain revisited: Universal structures plus writing system variation
A1  - Bolger,D.J.
A1  - Perfetti,C.A.
A1  - Schneider,W.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005214618 IN - D.J. Bolger, University of Pittsburgh, 3939 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15221; United States. E-Mail: djbolger@pitt.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200523
KW  - *Cultural Anthropology
KW  - *Writing
KW  - Age
KW  - aggregated gaussian estimated sources
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Cortex
KW  - Brain Mapping
KW  - Brain Region
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Neuroimaging
KW  - Normal Distribution
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parietal Lobe
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Task Performance
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Visual Memory
KW  - visual word form area
KW  - Word Recognition
KW  - words
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
EP  - 104
JF  - Human Brain Mapping.Vol.25(1)()(pp 92-104), 2005.
J1  - Human Brain Mapping
VL  - Vol. 25
IS  - 1
N2  - Recognizing printed words requires the mapping of graphic forms, which vary with writing systems, to linguistic forms, which vary with languages. Using a newly developed meta-analytic approach, aggregated Gaussian-estimated sources (AGES; Chein et al. [2002]: Psychol Behav 77:635-639), we examined the neuroimaging results for word reading within and across writing systems and languages. To find commonalities, we compiled 25 studies in English and other Western European languages that use an alphabetic writing system, 9 studies of native Chinese reading, 5 studies of Japanese Kana (syllabic) reading, and 4 studies of Kanji (morpho-syllabic) reading. Using the AGES approach, we created meta-images within each writing system, isolated reliable foci of activation, and compared findings across writing systems and languages. The results suggest that these writing systems utilize a common network of regions in word processing. Writing systems engage largely the same systems in terms of gross cortical regions, but localization within those regions suggests differences across writing systems. In particular, the region known as the visual word form area (VWFA) shows strikingly consistent localization across tasks and across writing systems. This region in the left mid-fusiform gyrus is critical to word recognition across writing systems and languages. copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc
SN  - 1065-9471
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 487
T1  - A checklist to evaluate a report of a nonpharmacological trial (CLEAR NPT) was developed using consensus
A1  - Boutron,I.
A1  - Moher,D.
A1  - Tugwell,P.
A1  - Giraudeau,B.
A1  - Poiraudeau,S.
A1  - Nizard,R.
A1  - Ravaud,P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005512111 IN - I. Boutron, INSERM U738, Paris, F-75018; France. E-Mail: isabelle.boutron@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200550
KW  - *Consensus
KW  - Article
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - France
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1233
EP  - 1240
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.58(12)()(pp 1233-1240), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 58
IS  - 12
N2  - Background and Objective: To develop a checklist of items measuring the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing nonpharmacological treatments (NPTs). Study Design and Setting: The Delphi consensus method was used to select and reduce the number of items in the checklist. A total of 154 individuals were invited to participate: epidemiologists and statisticians involved in the field of methodology of RCTs (n = 55), members of the Cochrane Collaboration (n = 41), and clinicians involved in planning NPT clinical trials (n = 58). Participants ranked on a 10-point Likert scale whether an item should be included in the checklist. Results: Fifty-five experts (36%) participated in the survey. They were experienced in systematic reviews (68% were involved in the Cochrane Collaboration) and in planning RCTs (76%). Three rounds of the Delphi method were conducted to achieve consensus. The final checklist contains 10 items and 5 subitems, with items related to the standardization of the intervention, care provider influence, and additional measures to minimize the potential bias from lack of blinding of participants, care providers, and outcome assessors. Conclusions: This tool can be used to critically appraise the medical literature, design NPT studies, and assess the quality of trial reports included in systematic reviews. copyright 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 488
T1  - Abstract reporting in randomized clinical trials of acute lung injury: An audit and assessment of a quality of reporting score
A1  - Burns,K.E.A.
A1  - Adhikari,N.K.J.
A1  - Kho,M.
A1  - Meade,M.O.
A1  - Patel,R.V.
A1  - Sinuff,T.
A1  - Cook,D.J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005416663 IN - Dr. K.E.A. Burns, Graduate Program in Health Research Methodology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canada CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200542
KW  - *Acute Lung Injury/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - content
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - health research
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - testing
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1937
EP  - 1945
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.Vol.33(9)()(pp 1937-1945), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 33
IS  - 9
N2  - Objectives: To evaluate the quality of reporting among abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute lung injury and to highlight important trial information for abstract inclusion. Design: Audit of published RCT abstracts. Sample: A total of 56 RCTs, identified in MEDLINE, EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Measurements and Main Results: We used a research focus group and published literature on suggested content for abstracts of original articles to generate a list of 32 recommended items. The focus group reduced this list to a 20-item long form list of highly relevant criteria and a 12-item short form list of essential criteria for inclusion in abstracts of RCTs in acute lung injury. After pilot testing the abstract appraisal form, we evaluated abstracts independently and in duplicate. We scored the quality of reporting of each abstract by dividing the number of criteria fulfilled by the number applicable. Although abstracts described the study objectives and interventions well and the participants, outcomes, and conclusions to an intermediate extent, key deficiencies were noted in reporting the study methods, setting, and results. Mean quality of reporting scores were significantly higher for structured compared with unstructured abstracts using the 32-item, 20-item, and 12-item lists (p = .008, .014, and <.0001, respectively), especially for abstracts published after 1990 (p = .004, .017, and .001, respectively). The 20-item and 12-item lists correlated well with the 32-item list (r = .89 and .62, respectively) and with one another (r = .73). Conclusions: Key design features and results are frequently under-reported in BCT abstracts, particularly among unstructured abstracts. Checklists may aid authors and editors in prioritizing important criteria for inclusion in RCT abstracts. Copyright copyright 2005 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 489
T1  - Towards evidence based emergency medicine: Best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary
A1  - Carley,S.D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005121870 IN - S.D. Carley, Emergency Medicine, Hope Hospital, Manchester; United Kingdom. E-Mail: s.carley1@btinternet.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200514
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cervical Spine Radiography
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concentration Response
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Value
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Envenomation/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Heart Contusion/co [Complication]
KW  - Heart Contusion/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Hope
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Injury
KW  - Internet
KW  - Joint Mobility
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neck Injury/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scorpion
KW  - Scorpion Venom
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thorax Blunt Trauma
KW  - Troponin/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Venom Antiserum/dt [Drug Therapy]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
JF  - Emergency Medicine Journal.Vol.22(3)()(pp 192), 2005.
J1  - Emergency Medicine Journal
VL  - Vol. 22
IS  - 3
N2  - Best evidence topic reports (BETs) summarise the evidence pertaining to particular clinical questions. They are not systematic reviews, but rather contain the best (highest level) evidence that can be practically obtained by busy practicing clinicians. The search strategies used to find the best evidence are reported in detail in order to allow clinicians to update searches whenever necessary. Each BET is based on a clinical scenario and ends with a clinical bottom line that indicates, in the light of the evidence found, what the reporting clinician would do if faced with the same scenario again. The BETs published below were first reported at the Critical Appraisal Journal Club at the Manchester Royal Infirmary or placed on the BestBETs website. Each BET has been constructed in the four stages that have been described elsewhere. The BETs shown here together with those published previously and those currently under construction can be seen at http://www.bestbets.org. Four BETs are included in this issue of the journal. Role of flexion/extension radiography in paediatric neck injuries. Use of troponin for the diagnosis of myocardial contusion after blunt chest trauma Scorpion envenomation: does administration of antivenom alter outcome? Scorpion envenomation: does antivenom reduce serum venom concentrations
SN  - 1472-0205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 490
T1  - The future of 'pure' medical science: The need for a new specialist professional research system
A1  - Charlton,B.G.
A1  - Andras,P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005307708 IN - United Kingdom. E-Mail: bruce.charlton@ncl.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200534
KW  - *Electronic Medical Record
KW  - Academic Achievement
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - Career
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Competence
KW  - Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Financial Management
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Funding
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Human
KW  - Imagination
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Management
KW  - Market
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - meetings
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Organization
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Probability
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Psychological Theory
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Evolution
KW  - strategies
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 419
EP  - 425
JF  - Medical Hypotheses.Vol.65(3)()(pp 419-425), 2005.
J1  - Medical Hypotheses
VL  - Vol. 65
IS  - 3
N2  - Over recent decades, medical research has become mostly an 'applied' science which implicitly aims at steady progress by an accumulation of small improvements, each increment having a high probability of validity. Applied medical science is, therefore, a social system of communications for generating pre-publication peer-reviewed knowledge that is ready for implementation. However, the need for predictability makes modern medical science risk-averse and this is leading to a decline in major therapeutic breakthroughs where new treatments for new diseases are required. There is need for the evolution of a specialized professional research system of pure medial science, whose role would be to generate and critically evaluate radically novel and potentially important theories, techniques, therapies and technologies. Pure science ideas typically have a lower probability of being valid, but the possibility of much greater benefit if they turn out to be true. The domination of medical research by applied criteria means that even good ideas from pure medical science are typically ignored or summarily rejected as being too speculative. Of course, radical and potentially important ideas may currently be published, but at present there is no formal mechanism by which pure science publications may be received, critiqued, evaluated and extended to become suitable for 'application'. Pure medical science needs to evolve to constitute a typical specialized scientific system of formal communications among a professional community. The members of this putative profession would interact via close research groupings, journals, meetings, electronic and web communications - like any other science. Pure medical science units might arise as elite grouping linked to existing world-class applied medical research institutions. However, the pure medical science system would have its own separate aims, procedures for scientific evaluation, institutional organization, funding and support arrangements; and a separate higher-professional career path with distinctive selection criteria. For instance, future leaders of pure medical science institutions would need to be selected on the basis of their specialized cognitive aptitudes and their record of having generated science-transforming ideas, as well as their research management skills. Pure medical science would work most effectively and efficiently if practiced in many independent and competing institutions in several different countries. The main 'market' for pure medical science would be the applied medical scientists, who need radical strategies to solve problems which are not yielding to established methods. The stimulus to create such elite pure medical science institutions might come from the leadership of academic 'entrepreneurs' (for instance, imaginative patrons in the major funding foundations), or be triggered by a widespread public recognition of the probable exhaustion of existing applied medical science approaches to solving major therapeutic challenges
SN  - 0306-9877
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 491
T1  - Using education to promote research dissemination in nursing
A1  - Cheek,J.
A1  - Gillham,D.
A1  - Ballantyne,A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005566745 IN - J. Cheek, University of South Australia. E-Mail: julianne.cheek@unisa.edu.au CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200602
KW  - *Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Communication
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - i
EP  - 10
JF  - International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship.Vol.2(1)()(pp i-10), 2005.Article Number: 31.Date of Publication: 09 DEC 2005.
VL  - Vol. 2
IS  - 1
N2  - In order to maintain the highest standards of care, nurses need to be aware of the most recent and relevant research and use this to inform their practice. However, this is often difficult because of both the limited time available in which to access research and the need for advanced critical appraisal skills. Further, given the overload of complex research information, nurses may be overwhelmed by the extent of available research. This paper describes a unique approach, the Web Resource Appraisal Process (WRAP), for integrating research and education by directly engaging nurses undertaking postgraduate studies in the review of existing research as it is applied to the contemporary workplace. In so doing, experienced nurses investigate the application of research to practice by actively engaging in research dissemination, communication, and education. By engaging in this process, nurses generate new knowledge based on the integration of current research with their practice experience, while simultaneously gaining the benefits of experiential learning. Copyright copyright2005 by the authors. All rights reserved
SN  - 1548-923X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 492
T1  - Effect of teaching evidence-based medicine in medical postgraduates. [Chinese]
A1  - Chen,J.
A1  - Li,J.
A1  - Dong,B.R.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005247569 IN - J. Chen, Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041; China CP - China LG - Chinese PT - Journal: Article EM - 200526
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Postgraduate Education
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Feasibility Study
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 160+170
JF  - Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine.Vol.5(2)()(pp 157-160+170), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 5
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: To evaluate the effect of teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM) in postgraduates. Methods: One hundred and thirteen postgraduates in the second year grade selecting an EBM course were included. The course lasted four weeks (twice a week, 3 hours each time and total 21 hours). The courses were delivered in combination with cases. The teaching effect was evaluated by requesting the students to present an evidence-based case report on the five steps of evidence-based practice. Each teacher assessed the reports independently. Results: The mean score of 107 EBM case reports was 51.35 +/- 11.38. Distribution of the mean score was nearly normal. Score distribution of the items: the full mark rate was 97% for case depiction and 62% for evidence searching. Stratified analysis: 1 Formulating answerable clinical questions: the full mark rate was 88% for clear statement of patient type, 89% for clear statement of intervention, 35% for control and 36% for outcome statement, respectively. 2 Searching evidence: the full marks rate was 95% for selecting relevant database, 90% for searching term, 68% for searching strategy and 79% for searching result depiction, respectively. 3 Critical appraisal of evidence: the full mark rate of critical appraisal of the clinical importance and validity of evidence was very low (35% and 7% respectively). 4 Evidence applying: the full mark rate of intervention's benefit and risk for individual patient and patient's value was higher than that of applying evidence to patients and intervention feasibility (24% and 21%, 16% and 12%). 5 Evaluation: the full mark rate of clinical result evaluation was higher than that of performance of evidence-based practice (55% and 17%). Conclusions: Teaching EBM for postgraduates was successful, we need to strengthen the practice of critical appraisal and applying evidence for patients in the future EBM course
SN  - 1672-2531
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 493
T1  - Mental health research in primary care: Mandates from a community advisory board
A1  - Chene,R.
A1  - Garcia,L.
A1  - Goldstrom,M.
A1  - Pino,M.
A1  - Roach,D.P.
A1  - Thunderchief,W.
A1  - Waitzkin,H.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005067698 IN - Dr. H. Waitzkin, Dept. of Fam. and Community Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC09 5060, 2400 Tucker Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001; United States. E-Mail: waitzkin@unm.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200509
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Mental Health
KW  - *Primary Medical Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - conflict
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Healing
KW  - health
KW  - Health Insurance
KW  - health research
KW  - Human
KW  - Insurance
KW  - journal
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - Medicaid
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Organization
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Recording
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 70
EP  - 72
JF  - Annals of Family Medicine.Vol.3(1)()(pp 70-72), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: We wanted to obtain the viewpoints of a community advisory board in training junior minority faculty members and graduate students for community-based participatory research (CBPR) on mental health in primary care. METHODS: During training institutes, members of a community advisory board presented plenary sessions on research collaboration with communities. The program director edited the transcribed recordings of the presentations for style but not for content. Advisory board members collaborated in revising the transcripts and summarizing themes. RESULTS: Board members expressed several key themes. Research must take into account traditional healing practices and prior exploitative research. Historical trauma impedes collaborations, which require conflict resolution and departure from traditional definitions of normalcy. Researchers should include communities in formulating research agendas and should take findings back to the communities for critical appraisal and practical applications. Collaborations should address policy issues including interpreter services, Medicaid managed care, and parity in insurance coverage for physical and mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Community advisory board members present key concerns that otherwise would not enter into the researchers' training curriculum. Such an advisory board can make important contributions to programs that seek to improve CBPR in mental health and primary care
SN  - 1544-1709
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 494
T1  - Early tracheostomy in closed head injuries: Experience at a tertiary center in a developing country - A prospective study
A1  - Chintamani
A1  - Khanna,J.
A1  - Singh,J.P.
A1  - Kulshreshtha,P.
A1  - Kalra,P.
A1  - Priyambada,B.
A1  - Mohil,R.S.
A1  - Bhatnagar,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005493952 IN - Chintanami, DII/131 Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi-110023; India. E-Mail: chintamani7@rediffmail.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200548
KW  - *Head Injury/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Tracheostomy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - Airway Management
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - Artificial Ventilation
KW  - Average
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Coughing/co [Complication]
KW  - Coughing/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Countries
KW  - Decubitus/co [Complication]
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Disease Severity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Treatment
KW  - Endotracheal Intubation
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Fever/co [Complication]
KW  - Fever/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Glasgow Coma Scale
KW  - Head
KW  - Head Injury
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - India
KW  - Injury
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Resident
KW  - respect
KW  - Role
KW  - Sepsis/co [Complication]
KW  - Sepsis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Staff
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Time
KW  - timing
KW  - Treatment Indication
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Emergency Medicine.Vol.5, 2005.Date of Publication: 14 OCT 2005.
J1  - BMC Emergency Medicine
VL  - Vol. 5
N2  - Background: An important factor contributing to the high mortality in patients with severe head trauma is cerebral hypoxia. The mechanical ventilation helps both by reduction in the intracranial pressure and hypoxia. Ventilatory support is also required in these patients because of patient's inability to protect the airway, persistence of excessive secretions, and inadequacy of spontaneous ventilation. Prolonged endotracheal intubation is however associated with trauma to the larynx, trachea, and patient discomfort in addition to requirement of sedatives. Tracheostomy has been found to play an integral role in the airway management of such patients, but its timing remains subject to considerable practice variation. In a developing country like India where the intensive care facilities are scarce and rarely available, these critical patients have to be managed in high dependency cubicles in the ward, often with inadequately trained nursing staff and equipment to monitor them. An early tracheostomy in the selected group of patients based on Glasgow Coma Score(GCS) may prove to be life saving. Against this background a prospective study was contemplated to assess the role of early tracheostomy in patients with isolated closed head injury. Methods: The series consisted of a cohort of 50 patients admitted to the surgical emergency with isolated closed head injury, that were not considered for surgery by the neuro-surgeon or shifted to ICU, but had GCS score of less than 8 and SAPS II score of more than 50. First 50 case records from January 2001 that fulfilled the criteria constituted the control group. The patients were managed as per ATLS protocol and intubated if required at any time before decision to perform tracheostomy was taken. These patients were serially assessed for GCS (worst score of the day as calculated by senior surgical resident) and SAPS scores till day 15 to chart any changes in their status of head injuries and predictive mortality. Those patients who continued to have a GCS score of <8 and SAPS score of > 50 for more than 24 hours (to rule out concussion or recovery) underwent tracheostomy. All these patients were finally assessed for mortality rate and hospital stay, the statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS10 version. The final outcome (in terms of mortality) was analyzed utilizing chi-square test and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: At admission both tracheostomy and non-tracheostomy groups were matched with respect to GCS score and SAPS score. The average day of tracheostomy was 2.18+/-1.0038 days. The GCS scores on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 between tracheostomy and non-tracheostomized group were comparable. However the difference in the GCS scores was statistically significant on day 15 being higher in the tracheostomy group. Thus early tracheostomy was observed to improve the mortality rate significantly in patients with isolated closed head injury Conclusions: It may be concluded that early tracheostomy is beneficial in patients with isolated closed head injury which is severe enough to affect systemic physiological parameters, in terms of decreased mortality and intubation associated complications in centers where ICU care is not readily available. Also, in a selected group of patients, early tracheostomy may do away with the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation. copyright 2005 Chintamani et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1471-227X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 495
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and the challenge of low back pain: Where are we now?
A1  - Chou,R.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005527933 IN - Dr. R. Chou, Mailcode BICC, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239; United States. E-Mail: chour@ohsu.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200601
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Low Back Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Low Back Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Muscle Relaxant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 9008-44-0 (muscle relaxant agent)
KW  - Anamnesis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Observation
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Kinesiotherapy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - Management
KW  - Manipulative Medicine
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Error
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Observation
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Primary Medical Care
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 178
JF  - Pain Practice.Vol.5(3)()(pp 153-178), 2005.
J1  - Pain Practice
VL  - Vol. 5
IS  - 3
N2  - Low back pain has long been described as a challenge for both primary care physicians and specialists. Management of low back pain has also been criticized as frequently arbitrary, inappropriate, or ineffective. Contributing factors have been an inadequate evidence base and a need for more rigorous appraisals of the available literature. Evidence-based medicine, an approach to clinical problem solving, is predicated on the premise that high-quality health care will result from practices consistent with the best evidence. In contrast to the traditional medical paradigm that placed a heavy reliance on expert opinion, authority, and unsystematic clinical observations, evidence-based medicine emphasizes the need for rigorous critical appraisals of the scientific literature to inform medical decision making. Evidence-based medicine places strong weight on the requirement for valid studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, to appropriately evaluate the effectiveness of health care interventions. Because of the rapidly increasing volume of medical literature, however, most clinicians are unable to keep up-to-date with all the new data. Two types of preprocessed evidence that can aid busy clinicians in medical decision making are systematic reviews and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Like primary studies, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines must adhere to high methodologic standards to reduce error and bias. As in other areas of medicine, the approach to the management of low back pain has been positively affected by the availability of more clinical trials and better use of critical appraisal techniques to evaluate and apply research findings. In addition to more rigorous primary studies, an increasing number of high-quality systematic reviews and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for low back pain are also available. Although some research gaps and methodologic shortcomings persist, the richer evidence base has greatly improved our understanding of what does and does not work for low back pain. Despite these advances, the best available evidence often does not inform everyday clinical decisions for low back pain. Nonetheless, there is widespread agreement that adherence to evidence-based practice will help improve low back pain patient outcomes and reduce arbitrary variations in care. This article reviews basic principles of evidence-based medicine, discusses evidence-based medicine in the context of low back pain management, and summarizes some useful evidence-based medicine resources. copyright 2005 World Institute of Pain
SN  - 1530-7085
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 496
T1  - Standards and options for the use of radiation therapy in the management of patients with osteosarcoma. Update 2004. [French]
A1  - Claude,L.
A1  - Rousmans,S.
A1  - Carrie,C.
A1  - Breteau,N.
A1  - Dijoud,F.
A1  - Gentet,J.C.
A1  - Giammarile,F.
A1  - Jouve,J.L.
A1  - Kind,M.
A1  - Marec-Berard,P.
A1  - Mascard,E.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Philip,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005510539 IN - L. Claude, Centre Leon-Berard, Lyon; France CP - France OT - RECOMMANDATIONS POUR LA PRATIQUE CLINIQUE: STANDARDS, OPTIONS 2004 POUR LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES PATIENTS ATTEINTS D'OSTEOSARCOME MISE A JOUR 2004 DU CHAPITRE RADIOTHERAPIE LG - French PT - Journal: Review EM - 200550
KW  - *Osteosarcoma/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Osteosarcoma/rt [Radiotherapy]
KW  - 11056-06-7 (bleomycin)
KW  - 122575-21-7 (lexidronam samarium sm 153)
KW  - 1402-38-6,1402-58-0,50-76-0 (dactinomycin)
KW  - 15475-56-6,59-05-2,7413-34-5 (methotrexate)
KW  - 15663-27-1,26035-31-4,96081-74-2 (cisplatin)
KW  - 23214-92-8,25316-40-9 (doxorubicin)
KW  - 33419-42-0 (etoposide)
KW  - 3778-73-2 (ifosfamide)
KW  - 50-18-0 (cyclophosphamide)
KW  - 56390-09-1,56420-45-2 (epirubicin)
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Bleomycin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Bleomycin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Bone Metastasis/co [Complication]
KW  - Bone Metastasis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Adjuvant Therapy
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Pain/co [Complication]
KW  - Cancer Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Cancer Recurrence/rt [Radiotherapy]
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - children
KW  - Cisplatin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Cisplatin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cisplatin/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cyclophosphamide/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Cyclophosphamide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Dactinomycin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Dactinomycin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - data
KW  - Doxorubicin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Doxorubicin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Doxorubicin/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Doxorubicin/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration]
KW  - Embase
KW  - Epirubicin/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Epirubicin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Etoposide/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Etoposide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Feedback
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - Ifosfamide/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Ifosfamide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Lexidronam Samarium Sm 153/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Local Therapy
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Methotrexate/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Methotrexate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Methotrexate/ia [Intraarterial Drug Administration]
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Private Hospital
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systemic Therapy
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Indication
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - vp 16
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 891
EP  - 906
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.92(10)()(pp 891-906), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 92
IS  - 10
N2  - Context: The Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the 20 French regional cancer centres, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery. Objective: To update the SOR recommendations for the use of radiation therapy in the management of patients with osteosarcoma. This work was performed in collaboration with the French society against cancers in children and adolescent (SFCE). Methods: Data have been identified by literature search using Medline (from January 1992 to October 2003). In addition several Internet sites were searched in October 2003. Results: The 3 mains standards are: 1) local and exclusive curative irradiation is not indicated as primary treatment for osteosarcoma or for local and operable recurrence, except for lesion in inaccessible sites or if the patient refuses surgery; 2) local and prophylactic adjuvant irradiation is not indicated for the treatment of osteosarcoma after chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant) and complete macro or microscopic surgery, except for non-operable R1 or R2 surgical resection and 3) whole-lung prophylactic irradiation is not indicated in non-metastatic osteosarcoma. Systemic metabolic radiotherapy for pain treatment, using samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (Sm-153-EDTMP) can be offered to patients with painful metastatic osteosarcoma or in case of recurrent bone sites inaccessible to local therapies (surgery, external irradiation). copyrightFNCLCC, Standards, Options, Recommandations
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 497
T1  - Substance use disorders, anorexia, bulimia, and concurrent disorders
A1  - Courbasson,C.M.A.
A1  - Smith,P.D.
A1  - Cleland,P.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005176824 IN - Dr. C.M.A. Courbasson, Eating Disorders/Addictions Clinic, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ont. M5S 2S1; Canada. E-Mail: Christine_Courbasson@camh.net CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200519
KW  - *Anorexia Nervosa
KW  - *Bulimia
KW  - *Drug Dependence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cannabis Addiction
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - clients
KW  - Cocaine Dependence
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Disorders
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Eating Disorder
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Gender
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Heroin Dependence
KW  - Human
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Disease
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Sample
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - Sex Difference
KW  - Substance Abuse
KW  - Tobacco Dependence
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 102
EP  - 106
JF  - Canadian Journal of Public Health.Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique.Vol.96(2)()(pp 102-106), 2005.
J1  - Canadian Journal of Public Health.Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique
VL  - Vol. 96
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: While the co-prevalence of eating disorders (ED) has been documented in individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), little is known about the co-occurrence of other disorders in this population. Examining this issue is critical for public health policy and treatment success. Objective: To identify and evaluate the co-occurrence of ED and other psychiatric disorders in men and women with SUD. Methods: The sample consisted of individuals seeking treatment for substance use. Semi-structured interviews and the CAMH Concurrent Disorders Screener were completed to assess DSM-IV psychopathology. Results: Chi-square analyses suggested that more women scored positive for ED than men, EDs were more prevalent in both genders than in the general population, and the co-occurrence of other disorders was higher for clients with both SUD and ED than with SUD alone. Discussion: Individuals with both SUD and ED appear to have multiple needs that may not be readily assessed by existing addiction treatment programs. Assessment issues, treatment, potential prevention and health promotion implications are addressed
SN  - 0008-4263
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 498
T1  - Doctors in society: Medical professionalism in a changing world
A1  - Cumberlege,B.
A1  - Shepherd,S.
A1  - Black,C.
A1  - Dickson,N.
A1  - Doe,W.
A1  - Elsharkawy,A.
A1  - Hayward,M.
A1  - Hilton,S.
A1  - Horton,R.
A1  - Johnson,J.
A1  - Morgan,G.
A1  - Neighbour,R.
A1  - Nicholls,B.
A1  - Pounder,R.
A1  - Roberts,T.
A1  - Scott,D.
A1  - Tallis,R.
A1  - Walmsley,C.
A1  - Wass,V.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005579074 IN - B. Cumberlege, House of Lords CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200604
KW  - *Medical Practice
KW  - *Physician
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Age
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Career
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - College
KW  - conflict
KW  - consequence
KW  - definition
KW  - Doctor Patient Relation
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Fear
KW  - feelings
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - meaning
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Teams
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Trust
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - values
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S1
EP  - S40
JF  - Clinical Medicine.Vol.5(6 SUPPL.1)()(pp S1-S40), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 5
IS  - 6 SUPPL. 1
N2  - Medicine bridges the gap between science and society. Indeed, the application of scientific knowledge to human health is a crucial aspect of clinical practice. Doctors are one important agent through which that scientific understanding is expressed. But medicine is more than the sum of our knowledge about disease. Medicine concerns the experiences, feelings, and interpretations of human beings in often extraordinary moments of fear, anxiety, and doubt. In this extremely vulnerable position, it is medical professionalism that underpins the trust the public has in doctors. This Working Party was established to define the nature and role of medical professionalism in modern society. Britain's health system is undergoing enormous change. The entry of multiple health providers, the wish for more equal engagement between patients and professionals, and the ever-greater contribution of science to advances in clinical practice all demand a clear statement of medicine's unifying purpose and doctors' common values. What is medical professionalism and does it matter to patients? Although evidence is lacking that more robust professionalism will inevitably lead to better health outcomes, patients certainly understand the meaning of poor professionalism and associate it with poor medical care. The public is well aware that an absence of professionalism is harmful to their interests. The Working Party's view, based on the evidence it has received, is that medical professionalism lies at the heart of being a good doctor. The values that doctors embrace set a standard for what patients expect from their medical practitioners. The practice of medicine is distinguished by the need for judgement in the face of uncertainty. Doctors take responsibility for these judgements and their consequences. A doctor's up-to-date knowledge and skill provide the explicit scientific and often tacit experiential basis for such judgements. But because so much of medicine's unpredictability calls for wisdom as well as technical ability, doctors are vulnerable to the charge that their decisions are neither transparent nor accountable. In an age where deference is dead and league tables are the norm, doctors must be clearer about what they do, and how and why they do it. We define medical professionalism as a set of values, behaviours, and relationships that underpin the trust the public has in doctors. We go on to describe what those values, behaviours, and relationships are, how they are changing, and why they matter. This is the core of our work. We have also identified six themes where our definition has further implications: leadership, teams, education, appraisal, careers, and research. The Working Party's definition and description of medical professionalism, and the recommendations arising from them, can be found in Section 5 of this report. If our recommendations are acted upon, we believe that professionalism could flourish and prosper to the benefit of patients and doctors alike. However, the exercise of medical professionalism is hampered by the political and cultural environment of health, which many doctors consider disabling. The conditions of medical practice are critical determinants for the future of professionalism. We argue that doctors have a responsibility to act according to the values we set out in this report. Equally, other members of the healthcare team - notably managers - have a reciprocal duty to help create an organisational infrastructure to support doctors in the exercise of their professional responsibilities. Just as the patient-doctor partnership is a pivotal therapeutic relationship in medicine, so the interaction between doctor and manager is central to the delivery of professional care. High-quality care depends on both effective health teams and efficient health organisations. Professionalism therefore implies multiple commitments - to the patient, to fellow professionals, and to the institution or system within which healthcare is provided, to the extent that the system supports patients collectively. A doctor's corporate responsibility, shared as it is with managers and others, is a frequently neglected aspect of modern practice. The audience for this report is, first and foremost, doctors. But we believe it should be of equal interest to patients, policy-makers, members of other health professions, and the media. All these groups have a vital part to play in discussing and advancing medical professionalism. This report is only the beginning of an effort by the Royal College of Physicians, together with others, to initiate a public dialogue about the role of the doctor in creating a healthier and fairer society. Medical professionalism has roots in almost every aspect of modern healthcare. This Working Party could not hope to solve all the issues and conflicts surrounding professionalism in practice today. But our collective and abiding wish is to put medical professionalism back onto the political map of health in the UK
SN  - 1470-2118
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 499
T1  - Learning from an evaluation of an electronic portfolio to support general practitioners' personal development planning, appraisal and revalidation
A1  - Dagley,V.
A1  - Berrington,B.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005477454 IN - V. Dagley, Primary Care Group, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ; United Kingdom. E-Mail: v.dagley@uea.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200547
KW  - *Continuing Education
KW  - *Electronic Medical Record
KW  - *General Practitioner
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Functional Assessment
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Personal Development Planning
KW  - Policy
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - researchers
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 567
EP  - 574
JF  - Education for Primary Care.Vol.16(5)()(pp 567-574), 2005.
J1  - Education for Primary Care
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 5
N2  - This article describes some of the key features of a small-scale qualitative evaluation of an electronic personal development portfolio for general practitioners (GPs) and the learning that resulted from the study. Twenty-three GPs agreed to trial the portfolio but only eight actually used it and only five succeeded in mailing us their reports over a three-month period. In spite of the small numbers, the users were able to help us to assess the feasibility and added value of the portfolio for its purpose. Details are given of how the portfolio was used and the reports that resulted. All 23 GPs provided data in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of the portfolio and suggestions for its improvement, and gave us information about GP attitudes towards personal development planning, continuing professional development (CPD) processes employed, use of IT and the barriers to use of electronic versions of support tools. Some of the issues raised, such as understanding of clinical governance and critical incidents, are relevant to all health professionals, managers, educators and researchers, as well as to the producers of electronic portfolios. copyright 2005 Radcliffe Publishing Limited
SN  - 1473-9879
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 500
T1  - A qualitative study of the impact on learning of the mini clinical evaluation exercise in postgraduate training
A1  - de Lima,A.A.
A1  - Henquin,R.
A1  - Thierer,J.
A1  - Paulin,J.
A1  - Lamari,S.
A1  - Belcastro,F.
A1  - van,der,V
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005170627 IN - A.A. de Lima, Educational Department, Inst. Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Blanco Encalada 1525, Cuidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Argentina. E-Mail: aealvesdelima@icba-cardiovascular.com.ar CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200518
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Competence
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Doctor Patient Relation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - Health Care Planning
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Personnel Management
KW  - Phenomenology
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 52
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - Vol. 27
IS  - 1
N2  - The study was designed to illustrate how residents perceive the Mini Clinical Examination Exercise as an assessment tool and its influence on their approach to learning and studying. A phenomenographic approach was applied. All 16 residents from a cardiology training program in Buenos Aires were included. Results show that in all cases residents demonstrate an intrinsic interest in the subject matter. They show self-regulating strategies when required to select, relate and make critical appraisals of their own. They consistently demonstrate an aim to build a relationship between individual experience and their chosen topic. The residents feel comfortable because it melds with their routine. Residents find the Mini Clinical Examination Exercise to be a useful assessment tool with a favorable influence towards a constructive approach to study and learning. copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 501
T1  - Evaluating meta-analyses in the general surgical literature: A critical appraisal
A1  - Dixon,E.
A1  - Hameed,M.
A1  - Sutherland,F.
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Doig,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005099570 IN - Dr. C. Doig, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Division of Critical Care, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alta. T2N 2T9; Canada. E-Mail: Chip.Doig@CalgaryHealthRegion.ca CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200512
KW  - *General Surgery
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 450
EP  - 459
JF  - Annals of Surgery.Vol.241(3)()(pp 450-459), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 241
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective: To assess the methodologic quality of meta-analyses of general surgery topics published in peer-reviewed journals. Summary Background Data: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are used to seek, summarize, and interpret primary studies on a given topic. Accordingly, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of high-quality primary studies may be the highest level of evidence for issues of prevention and treatment in evidence-based medicine. However, not all published meta-analyses are rigorously performed. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (from January 1, 1997, to September 1, 2002) and reference lists and solicited general surgery specialists to identify relevant meta-analyses. Inclusion criteria were use of meta-analytic methods to pool the results of primary studies in general surgery on issues of diagnosis, causation, prognosis, or treatment. Our search strategies identified 487 potentially relevant articles. After excluding articles based on a priori criteria, 51 meta-analyses fulfilled eligibility criteria. In duplicate and independently, 2 reviewers assessed the quality of these meta-analyses using a 10-item index called the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire. Results: Overall concordance between 2 independent reviewers was good (interobserver agreement 81%, and a kappa of 0.62 (95% CI 0.55-0.69). Of 51 relevant articles, 38 were published in surgical journals. Most studies had major methodologic flaws (median score of 3.3, scale of 1-7). Factors associated with low overall scientific quality included the absence of any prior meta-analyses publications by authors and meta-analyses produced by surgical department members without external collaboration. Conclusions: This critical appraisal of meta-analyses published in the general surgery literature demonstrates frequent methodologic flaws. The quality of these reports limits the validity of the findings and the inferences that can be made about the primary studies reviewed. To improve the quality of future meta-analyses, we recommend following guidelines for the optimal conduct and reporting of meta-analyses in general surgery. Copyright copyright 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0003-4932
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 502
T1  - A review of the true methodological quality of nutritional support trials conducted in the critically ill: Time for improvement
A1  - Doig,G.S.
A1  - Simpson,F.
A1  - Delaney,A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005055449 IN - Dr. G.S. Doig, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St. Leonards, NSW 2065; Australia. E-Mail: gdoig@med.usyd.edu.au CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200508
KW  - *Critical Illness
KW  - *Nutritional Support
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Futurology
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Nutritional Support
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Resource Allocation
KW  - Review
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 527
EP  - 533
JF  - Anesthesia & Analgesia.Vol.100(2)()(pp 527-533), 2005.
J1  - Anesthesia & Analgesia
VL  - Vol. 100
IS  - 2
N2  - In this review we sought to appraise the true methodological quality of nutritional support studies conducted in critically ill patients and to compare these findings to the methodological quality of sepsis trials. An extensive literature search revealed 111 randomized controlled trials conducted in critically ill patients evaluating the impact of nutritional support interventions on clinically meaningful outcomes. Compared with sepsis trials, nutritional support studies were significantly less likely to use blinding (32 of 40 versus 35 of 111, P < 0.001) or present an intention-to-treat analysis (37 of 40 versus 64 of 111, P < 0.001). There was a trend toward the less frequent use of randomization methods that are known to maintain allocation concealment (12 of 40 versus 19 of 111, P = 0.10). Although nutritional support studies demonstrated a significant increase in the use of blinding after the publication of the CONSORT statement in 1996 (9 of 47 versus 26 of 64 post-CONSORT, P = 0.023), there were no improvements in other key areas. Previous publications have described the overall methodological quality of sepsis trials as 'poor.' Nutritional support studies were significantly worse than sepsis trials in all aspects of methodological quality, and there were few improvements noted over time. To detect important differences in clinically meaningful outcomes in critical care, the methodological quality of future studies must be improved
SN  - 0003-2999
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 503
T1  - Improving the quality of case-report of evidence-based practice and exploring its writing model. [Chinese]
A1  - Dong,B.R.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005345342 IN - B.-R. Dong, Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041; China CP - China LG - Chinese PT - Journal: Article EM - 200536
KW  - *Case Report
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Writing
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Case Report
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - strategies
KW  - Surgery
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 562
EP  - 565
JF  - Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine.Vol.5(7)()(pp 562-565), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 5
IS  - 7
N2  - Objective: To evaluate the published case-reports of evidence-based practice (EBP) over three years, and to improve the quality of the papers and provide a recommended writing model. Methods: Collecting the published 20 case-reports of EBP and assessing their writing quality in 5 aspects according to the steps of EBP. Results: Many abstracts did not reflect entire context, and convey the overall information to readers, a formative structured abstract should be taken. Most case-reports only involved with therapy, few diagnostic, harm and prognostic case-reports were published, few EBP of surgery and other specialties, such as ENT, ophthalmology were mentioned. Searching strategies were not sufficiently described. Most authors only search The Cochrane Library and PubMed, while predigested sources were seldom used. Critical appraisal of evidence was difficult to each author, most papers were lack of appraisal or simply evaluated the validity of used evidence, and applicability of evidence was not clearly explained. All the papers did not conduct post evaluation. Conclusions: Much needs to be done in improving the quality of published case-reports of EBP, a standardized writing model should be recommended
SN  - 1672-2531
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 504
T1  - Critical appraisal: Lose weight to lose erectile dysfunction
A1  - Evans,M.F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005066198 IN - Dr. M.F. Evans, Department of Family/Community Med., Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Canada. E-Mail: michael.evans@utoronto.ca CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200509
KW  - *Erectile Dysfunction
KW  - *Obesity/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Weight Reduction
KW  - 9007-41-4 (C reactive protein)
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior Modification
KW  - Body Mass
KW  - C Reactive Protein/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Caloric Intake
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cytokine/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Diet Therapy
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient Counseling
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 47
EP  - 49
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.51(JAN.)()(pp 47-49), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 51
IS  - JAN.
SN  - 0008-350X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 505
T1  - Basics of evidence based medicine: 3 Steps for critical reading. [German]
A1  - Feler,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005423571 IN - Dr. J. Feler, Grabenstr. 60, 65439 Florsheim; Germany. E-Mail: joachim.fessler@t-online.de CP - Germany OT - GRUNDZUGE DER EBM: IN DREI SCHRITTEN ZUM BEWERTEN VON STUDIEN LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200542
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical reading
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 382
EP  - 388
JF  - ZFA.Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin.Vol.81(9)()(pp 382-388), 2005.
J1  - ZFA.Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin
VL  - Vol. 81
IS  - 9
SN  - 0937-6801
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 506
T1  - Intensive care medicine - Update 2004. [German]
A1  - Flohe,S.
A1  - Lendemans,S.
A1  - Schmitz,D.
A1  - Waydhas,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005289434 IN - Dr. C. Waydhas, Klinik fur Unfallchirurgie, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen; Germany. E-Mail: christian.waydhas@uni-essen.de CP - Germany OT - WAS GIBT ES NEUES IN DER INTENSIVMEDIZIN - EINE UBERSICHT LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200529
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - 11000-17-2 (vasopressin)
KW  - 51-43-4,55-31-2,6912-68-1 (adrenalin)
KW  - 53-06-5 (cortisone)
KW  - Adrenalin
KW  - Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - afelimomab
KW  - appraisal
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - Bronchodilating Agent
KW  - Catheter
KW  - Catheter Infection
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - Cortisone
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Illness
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Enteric Feeding
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunoglobulin F(Ab) Fragment
KW  - Injury
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Liver Function
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Mineralocorticoid
KW  - Note
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Parenteral Nutrition
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Positive End Expiratory Pressure
KW  - problems
KW  - Protein
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Publication
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Recombinant Platelet Derived Growth Factor
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - Role
KW  - Sedation
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - Steroid
KW  - Study
KW  - Surfactant
KW  - Surgery
KW  - timing
KW  - Tracheostomy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibody
KW  - Unclassified Drug
KW  - Vasopressin
KW  - Weaning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 191
EP  - 201
JF  - Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie.Vol.130(3)()(pp 191-201), 2005.
J1  - Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie
VL  - Vol. 130
IS  - 3
N2  - This manuscript gives a review about important studies addressing problems in intensive care medicine that have been published in journals focussing on critical care medicine and surgery in 2004. Only clinical studies are included in this review, mostly metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials and a few important or interessting observational studies. In addition to describing major results a critical appraisal of each study is undertaken, which, however, is neither comprehensive nor complete. It is merely intentioned to address some important aspects for the reader that should be accounted for while interpreting the results. It is important to note that among the large number of excellent studies there is a substantial proportion of trials with negative results that significantly add to our knowledge. Some of the topics addressed in this manuscript include vasopressin as an alternative to epinephrine during cardipulmonary resuscitation, a specification concerning the use of activated protein C in patients with sepsis, the role of steroids in the treatment of sepsis and traumatic brain injury, the epidemiolody of ALI and ARDS, the role of sedation protocols, weaning protocols and the timing of tracheostomy for the duration of mechanical ventilation, the potential benefit of catheters with antimicrobial coating to reduce catheter-related sepsis, and the benefit of enteral nutrition as compared to the parenteral application. copyright Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart
SN  - 0044-409X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 507
T1  - Cochrane Collaboration systematic review in pediatrics and related areas of study. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
A1  - Balaguer,Santamaria A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005444990 IN - J. Gonzalez De Dios, C/ Prof. Manuel Sala 6, 3 A, 03003 Alicante; Spain. E-Mail: gonzalez_jav@gva.es CP - Spain OT - REVISIONES SISTEMATICAS DE LA COLABORACION COCHRANE RELACIONADAS CON LA PEDIATRIA Y SUS AREAS ESPECIFICAS LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200546
KW  - *Cochrane Library
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Assisted Ventilation
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Author
KW  - Bronchiolitis
KW  - challenge
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - Cystic Fibrosis
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Disorders
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Genetic Disorder
KW  - Infancy
KW  - Infection
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Lung Dysplasia
KW  - Meningitis
KW  - methods
KW  - Neonatology
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Respiratory Tract Infection
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Surfactant
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 288
EP  - 295
JF  - Revista Espanola de Pediatria.Vol.61(4)()(pp 288-295), 2005.
J1  - Revista Espanola de Pediatria
VL  - Vol. 61
IS  - 4
N2  - Introduction. Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provides growing and readily accessible resource to help assure physicians that their care is based on detailed, critical, and current reviews of the best available evidence. The objective of this article is to make a bibliometric analysis of the systematic reviews (SR) published in the 50 Collaborative Review Groups (CRG) of the CC that are related with paediatrics. Methods. Bibliometric analysis of The Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews in CC, Issue 2, 2004. The following variables were registered in each CRG: number of SR and protocols, SR related with paediatrics, subject areas of study, type of study (diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis, etc.), authors. Results. At the moment of the study there are 1915 SR and 1420 protocols registered in all the CRG. In 28 CRG we found some SR related with paediatrics, with a total of 395 SR (20.6% of all SR). The CRG with more SR related with paediatrics are Cochrane Neonatal Group (171 SR), Cochrane Airways Group (41), Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group (41), Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group (21) and Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (19). The main subject areas of study are peri-neonatology (mainly respiratory pathology), asthma and cystic fibrosis. Almost all the SR are about interventions for the treatment or prevention of diseases. We identified selective clusters of secondary investigation, mainly in respiratory neonatal pathology (surfactant, modalities of respiratory support, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etc.). Discussion. The bibliometric analysis of CC show that one fifth of the published SR are related with paediatrics. At the moment, the SR published in the different CRG support an evidence-based decision making mainly in the subject area of neonatology (mainly in respiratory pathology) and asthma. But we don't found SR in other important and prevalent pathologies in infancy (bronchiolitis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc.), and that show that many therapies in Paediatrics persist without supportive evidence. Challenges for the future include the need for the preparation of SR of topics not yet covered and to keep an increasing number of SR about diagnostic tests. Every decision in Paediatrics will have to be based on a systematic appraisal of the best evidence available in the context of the prevailing values and resources available
SN  - 0034-947X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 508
T1  - Reader's guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 1. Role and design
A1  - Gurwitz,J.H.
A1  - Sykora,K.
A1  - Mamdani,M.
A1  - Strainer,D.L.
A1  - Garfinkel,S.
A1  - Normand S-LT
A1  - Anderson,G.M.
A1  - Rochon,P.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005181712 IN - G.M. Anderson, Inst. for Clin. Evaluative Sciences, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M4N 3M5; Canada. E-Mail: geoff.anderson@utoronto.ca CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200520
KW  - *Cohort Analysis
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Liability
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 895
EP  - 897
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.330(7496)()(pp 895-897), 2005.Date of Publication: 16 APR 2005.
VL  - Vol. 330
IS  - 7496
SN  - 0959-8146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 509
T1  - AGREE: An evaluation of clinical evidence-based guidelines. [Dutch]
A1  - Hannes,K.
A1  - Van,Royen P.
A1  - Aertgeerts,B.
A1  - Buntinx,F.
A1  - Ramaekers,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005485479 IN - K. Hannes, Belgian Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Belgian Branch of the Cochrane Collaboration, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven; Belgium. E-Mail: karin.hannes@med.kuleuven.be CP - Belgium OT - HET SYSTEMATISCH VALIDEREN VAN KLINISCHE PRAKTIJKRICHTLIJNEN: HET AGREE-INSTRUMENT, DE ONTWIKKELING EN VERSPREIDING VAN EEN INTERNATIONALE CRITERIALIJST LG - Dutch PT - Journal: Article EM - 200547
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Practice Guideline
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Intermethod Comparison
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1435
EP  - 1444
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde.Vol.61(20)()(pp 1435-1444), 2005.Date of Publication: 15 OCT 2005.
VL  - Vol. 61
IS  - 20
N2  - Over recent decades, the number of available clinical practice guidelines has grown enormously. Guidelines should meet specific quality criteria to ensure good quality. There is a growing need to develop a set of criteria to ensure that potential biases inherent to guideline development, have been addressed properly and that the recommendations for practice are valid and reliable. The AGREE-collaboration is an international network which developed an instrument to appraise critically the methodological quality of guidelines. AGREE promotes a clear strategy to produce, disseminate and evaluate guidelines of high quality. In the first phase of the international project the AGREE-instrument was tested in 11 different countries. Based on this experience the instrument was refined and optimised. In the second phase it was disseminated, promoted and evaluated in 18 participating countries, Belgium being one of them. The Belgian partner in the AGREE-project developed 3 workshops and established 10 validation committees to validate guidelines from Belgian developer groups. We collected 33 questionnaires from participants of the workshops and the validation committees, in which we asked for primary experiences and information on the usefulness and applicability of the instrument. We were also interested in the shortcomings of the instrument and the potential strategies to bridge them. More efforts should be made to train methodological experts to gain certain skills for a critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines. Promoting the AGREE-instrument will lead to a broader knowledge and use of quality criteria in guideline development and appraisal. The development and dissemination of an international list of criteria to appraise the quality of guidelines will stimulate the development of methodologically sound guidelines. International comparisons between existing guidelines will lead to a better collaboration between guideline developers throughout the world
SN  - 0371-683X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 510
T1  - Epidemiology for ophthalmologists: An introduction to concepts, study designs, and interpreting findings
A1  - Kuper,H.
A1  - Gilbert,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005110332 IN - H. Kuper, Dept. of Infect. and Trop. Diseases, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT; United Kingdom. E-Mail: hannah.kuper@lshtm.oc.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200513
KW  - *Ophthalmology
KW  - *Research
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Concepts
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surveys
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 378
EP  - 384
JF  - British Journal of Ophthalmology.Vol.89(3)()(pp 378-384), 2005.
J1  - British Journal of Ophthalmology
VL  - Vol. 89
IS  - 3
N2  - This review provides an overview of the types of information epidemiological research can provide and how these data can be used. The aim is to provide the readers with basic epidemiological skills to allow them to read critically scientific articles and to gain proficiency in communicating about epidemiological research. All examples in the review are drawn from the ophthalmic literature. The first part of the review is relatively conceptual and focuses on epidemiological theory, including case definition, measures of the burden of disease, sampling and the interpretation of results. In the second part different study designs are described-specifically, cross sectional surveys, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomised controlled trials, and the strengths and limitations of each highlighted
SN  - 0007-1161
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 511
T1  - Renal Care Journal Club discussion summary
A1  - Lindley,E.J.
A1  - Stragier,A.
A1  - De Vos,J.Y.
A1  - Lahuis,K.
A1  - Shaldon,S.
A1  - Green,D.
A1  - McLaren,P.
A1  - Pegoraro,M.
A1  - Kuntzle,W.
A1  - Tattersall,J.E.
A1  - Lopez-Gomez,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005570915 IN - E.J. Lindley, Department of Renal Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust; United Kingdom CP - Switzerland LG - English PT - Journal: Note EM - 200605
KW  - *Blood Pressure
KW  - *Hemodialysis Patient
KW  - *Nutritional Status
KW  - *Weight Gain
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - Dietary Intake
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Fluid Intake
KW  - Heart Left Ventricle Hypertrophy
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Note
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Sodium Restriction
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 164
EP  - 168
JF  - Edtna-Erca Journal.Vol.31(3)()(pp 164-168), 2005.
J1  - Edtna-Erca Journal
VL  - Vol. 31
IS  - 3
SN  - 1019-083X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 512
T1  - Show us the evidence? An Evidence-Based Journal Club linking PedsCCM: The Pediatric Critical Care web site and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
A1  - Markovitz,B.P.
A1  - Kochanek,P.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005234476 IN - Dr. B.P. Markovitz, Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200525
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - School
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
JF  - Pediatric Critical Care Medicine.Vol.6(3)()(pp 253), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 3
SN  - 1529-7535
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 513
T1  - Statistical note. Randomly controlled clinical experiments are superior rather than inferior: Critical considerations. [Italian]
A1  - Marubini,E.
A1  - Rebora,P.
A1  - Reina,G.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005581913 IN - Prof. E. Marubini, Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universita degli Studi, Via Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano; Italy. E-Mail: ettore.marubini@unimi.it CP - Italy OT - NOTE STATISTICHE. SPERIMENTAZIONI CLINICHE CONTROLLATE RANDOMIZZATE SIA DI SUPERIORITA CHE DI NON INFERIORITA: CONSIDERAZIONI CRITICHE LG - Italian PT - Journal: Article EM - 200602
KW  - *Statistical Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cardiologist
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Note
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 361
EP  - 364
JF  - Italian Heart Journal Supplement.Vol.6(6)()(pp 361-364), 2005.
J1  - Italian Heart Journal Supplement
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 6
N2  - The aim of this statistical note, the fourth in the series, is to describe and critically appraise the randomized controlled clinical trial (RCCT) GUSTO V, which combined in a single RCCT both the superiority and non-inferiority hypotheses. In this note we present the logical path that the authors have presumably followed in planning a RCCT of such a kind. The results are reported and possible critical aspects are highlighted and debated upon. Finally the cardiologist reader is stimulated to give his own opinion on this kind of approach. copyright 2005 CEPI Srl
SN  - 1129-4728
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 514
T1  - Optimizing outcomes through clinical research and evidence-based clinical decision-making
A1  - McCrindle,B.W.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005163214 IN - B.W. McCrindle, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M5G 1X8; Canada. E-Mail: brian.mccrindle@sickkids.ca CP - Ireland LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200521
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Decision Making
KW  - 9007-83-4 (immunoglobulin)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Blalock Taussig Anastomosis
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Cardiopulmonary Bypass
KW  - Cardiovascular Surgery
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Corticosteroid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Fontan Procedure
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Utilization
KW  - Heart Surgery
KW  - Heart Transplantation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunoglobulin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Inotropic Agent
KW  - Intermethod Comparison
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Kaplan Meier Method
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Myocarditis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Norwood Procedure
KW  - Observation
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Standard
KW  - Surgery
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Valvulotomy
KW  - Vasodilator Agent
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 53
EP  - 64
JF  - Progress in Pediatric Cardiology.Vol.20(1)()(pp 53-64), 2005.
J1  - Progress in Pediatric Cardiology
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 1
N2  - The aim of evidence-based medicine is to integrate the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values in the context of clinical decision-making. Currently, randomized clinical trials are a rarity in pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery, and new therapies have been quickly adopted as the standard of care based on suboptimal evidence. In the future, therapies will be expected to provide smaller incremental benefits to fewer patients at greater costs. Until more clinical trials are performed, evidence derived from observational data will have to suffice. Newer methods to examine complex relationships between therapies, risk factors and outcomes need to be applied, particularly in the setting of non-randomized comparisons, which are especially subject to error and bias. If the aim of evidence-based medicine is to be achieved, clinicians need to become familiar with these methods, both in terms of critical appraisal and in research design. Increasing the quantity and quality of evidence, and its effective and efficient utilization in clinical practice, are essential to improving patient outcomes and health care delivery. copyright 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 1058-9813
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 515
T1  - The journal club: A method for occupational therapists to bridge the theory-practice gap
A1  - Sherratt,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005339198 IN - C. Sherratt, Assessment and Treatment Unit, Harplands Hospital, Stoke on Trent ST4 6TH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: CharlesD.Sherratt@northstaffs.nhs.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200534
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - content
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Care Planning
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Interdisciplinary Communication
KW  - Job Performance
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 301
EP  - 306
JF  - British Journal of Occupational Therapy.Vol.68(7)()(pp 301-306), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 68
IS  - 7
N2  - There are still major problems being encountered by occupational therapists when they attempt to access relevant research material. One of the main reasons for this is that there are currently relatively few occupational therapists who are involved in any form of research on a regular basis. This article highlights the potential of the journal club as a means of introducing occupational therapists to research that will both be relevant to their work area and form a substantial part of their continuing professional development. A brief overview of the format and content of journal clubs both in occupational therapy and in other health care professions is intended to encourage occupational therapists to initiate their own journal clubs as a method of bridging the theory-practice gap that still exists in their profession
SN  - 0308-0226
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 516
T1  - Appraising the quality of randomized controlled trials: Inter-rater reliability for the OTseeker evidence database
A1  - Tooth,L.
A1  - Bennett,S.
A1  - McCluskey,A.
A1  - Hoffmann,T.
A1  - McKenna,K.
A1  - Lovarini,M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005571095 IN - Dr. L. Tooth, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Mayne Medical School, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006; Australia. E-Mail: L.Tooth@sph.uq.edu.au CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200605
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - data
KW  - Data Base
KW  - definition
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Population
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Queensland
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 547
EP  - 555
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - Vol. 11
IS  - 6
N2  - Rationale and aims: 'OTseeker' is an online database of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews relevant to occupational therapy. RCTs are critically appraised and rated for quality using the 'PEDro' scale. We aimed to investigate the inter-rater reliability of the PEDro scale before and after revising rating guidelines. Methods: In study 1, five raters scored 100 RCTs using the original PEDro scale guidelines. In study 2, two raters scored 40 different RCTs using revised guidelines. All RCTs were randomly selected from the OTseeker database. Reliability was calculated using Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC (model 2,1)]. Results: Inter-rater reliability was 'good to excellent' in the first study (Kappas >= 0.53; ICCs >= 0.71). After revising the rating guidelines, the reliability levels were equivalent or higher to those previously obtained (Kappas >= 0.53; ICCs >= 0.89), except for the item, 'groups similar at baseline', which still had moderate reliability (Kappa = 0.53). In study 2, two PEDro scale items, which had their definitions revised, 'less than 15% dropout' and 'point measures and variability', showed higher reliability. In both studies, the PEDro items with the lowest reliability were 'groups similar at baseline' (Kappas = 0.53), 'less than 15% dropout' (Kappas <= 0.68) and 'point measures and variability data' (Kappas <= 0.68). Conclusion: The PEDro scale is a reliable instrument for rating the quality of RCTs. Revised rating guidelines are provided for scale items that are difficult to rate, and helped to improve inter-rater reliability. copyright 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 517
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical studies: Practical tables. [Portuguese, English]
A1  - Vaz,Carneiro A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2005262238 IN - A. Vaz Carneiro, Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa; Portugal. E-Mail: avc@fm.ul.pt CP - Portugal OT - AVALIACA~O CRITICA DE ESTUDOS CLINICOS: QUADROS PRATICOS LG - Portuguese, English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200527
KW  - *Clinical Study
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - formulation
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - speaking
KW  - Study
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 607
EP  - 614
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(4)()(pp 607-614), 2005.
VL  - Vol. 24
IS  - 4
N2  - The practice of evidence-based medicine is based on a series of sequential steps, including: 1) formulation of a clinical question; 2) selection of relevant evidence in the literature; 3) critical appraisal of this evidence for its validity, importance and applicability; 4) integration of these results with the clinician's expertise and the patient's biological characteristics and values; and 5) self-evaluation of the process. The third step - critical appraisal of the evidence - is essential in selecting the best evidence available. Practically speaking, critical appraisal of papers with diverse designs entails answering a set of primary guides, through a series of secondary guides grouped together under the primary headings. Affirmative answers to these questions will assure the quality of the paper, which can then be incorporated into clinical practice. In this paper we present some tables for critical appraisal of common types of studies, adapted from published literature sources
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 518
T1  - Implants in the medically compromised patient
A1  - Beikler,T.
A1  - Flemmig,T.F.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006503678 IN - T. Beikler, Department of Periodontology, University of Munster, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Munster; Germany. E-Mail: beikler@uni-muenster.de CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200645
KW  - *Ectodermal Dysplasia
KW  - *Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Osteoporosis
KW  - *Tooth Implantation
KW  - *Xerostomia
KW  - 1406-05-9,61-33-6 (penicillin G)
KW  - 18472-51-0 (chlorhexidine gluconate)
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/cr [Drug Concentration]
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Antibiotic Agent/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Chlorhexidine Gluconate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - Dental Education
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Disease Classification
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Human
KW  - Immune Deficiency
KW  - Implant
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Mandible
KW  - Medical Assessment
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Metabolic Bone Disease
KW  - Mouth Infection/co [Complication]
KW  - Mouth Infection/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Mouth Infection/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Penicillin G/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - Penicillin G/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Penicillin G/po [Oral Drug Administration]
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Review
KW  - Salivation
KW  - Surgery
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wound Healing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 305
EP  - 316
JF  - Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine.Vol.14(4)()(pp 305-316), 2003.
J1  - Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 4
N2  - Dental clinicians are confronted with an increasing number of medically compromised patients who require implant surgery for their oral rehabilitation. However, there are few guidelines on dental implant therapy in this patient category, so that numerous issues regarding pre- and post-operative management remain unclear to the dental clinician. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to offer a critical evaluation of the literature and to provide the clinician with scientifically based data for implant therapy in the medically compromised patient. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the influence of the most common systemic and local diseases on the outcome of dental implant therapy, e.g., abnormalities in bone metabolism, diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, and ectodermal dysplasias. Specific pathophysiologic aspects of the above-mentioned diseases as well as their potential implications for implant success are critically appraised. In line with these implications, guidelines for pre- and post-operative management that may assist in the successful implant-supported rehabilitation of this patient category are proposed
SN  - 1045-4411
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 519
T1  - The Paper Club: Reassessing guided tours through biomedical articles. [Spanish]
A1  - Nogales-Gaete,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006056268 IN - E-Mail: jnogales@ctc-mundo.net CP - Chile OT - EL CLUB DEL ARTICULO: REVALORIZANDO LA VISITA GUIADA A UN ARTICULO BIOMEDICO LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200607
KW  - *Biomedicine
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Character
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - complexity
KW  - content
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Narration
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 249
EP  - 252
JF  - Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatria.Vol.41(4)()(pp 249-252), 2003.
J1  - Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatria
VL  - Vol. 41
IS  - 4
N2  - The profuse offer of biomedical publications, the early obsolescence of some contents, and the increasing complexity of scientific advances, make it necessary to develop instruments and strategies that will help the reader select material according to quality, relevance, and accuracy. Review articles have evolved from spontaneous narration to systematic revision, guided by evidence-based medicine. The rigorous methodology used in systematic revisions when it comes to searching for and analyzing information has created a positive and increasing impact on the way biomedical information is processed, leading to the creation of journals that specialize on systematic revisions, as well as regular intervals for work analysis in 'Journal Clubs'. Inspired by this search for instruments to help the reader, we open a new section for the analysis of journal articles. Our goals for this 'Paper Club' section, are in tune with those of journals specializing in systematic reviews: to learn about articles that are relevant, as well as methodically strong, in a clear and succinct manner, that is focused towards the application in clinical practice. However, in contrast the 'industrial like' character of systematic revisions, we are looking for a more flexible space where we can revalue the expert's opinion and explore the continuous advances in the biomedical field from diverse analytical viewpoints. copyright 2006 Sociedad de Neurologia, Psiquiatria y Neurocirugia
SN  - 0034-7388
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 520
T1  - The da Vinci robotic system for general surgical applications: A critical interim appraisal
A1  - Bodner,J.
A1  - Augustin,F.
A1  - Wykypiel,H.
A1  - Fish,J.
A1  - Muehlmann,G.
A1  - Wetscher,G.
A1  - Schmid,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006013295 IN - Dr. J. Bodner, Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck University Hospital, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck; Austria. E-Mail: johannes.bodner@uibk.ac.at CP - Switzerland LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200603
KW  - *Robotics
KW  - *Surgical Technique
KW  - Adrenalectomy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arm
KW  - Article
KW  - Austria
KW  - Bariatric Surgery
KW  - Cholecystectomy
KW  - Colon Surgery
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - Device
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Esophagus Surgery
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Hernioplasty
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Laparoscopic Surgery
KW  - Lobectomy
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Minimally Invasive Surgery
KW  - Mortality
KW  - neurinomectomy
KW  - Operation Duration
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Splenectomy
KW  - Stomach Fundoplication
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Equipment
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Therapeutic Error
KW  - Thymectomy
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 674
EP  - 678
JF  - Swiss Medical Weekly.Vol.135(45-46)()(pp 674-678), 2005.Date of Publication: 19 NOV 2005.
J1  - Swiss Medical Weekly
VL  - Vol. 135
IS  - 45-46
N2  - Principles: The recently introduced robotic surgical systems were developed to overcome the limitations of conventional minimally invasive surgery. We analyse the impact of the da Vinci robotic system on general surgery. Methods: The da Vinci operating robot is a telemanipulation system consisting of a surgical arm cart, a master console and a conventional monitor cart. Since its purchase in June 2001, 128 patients have undergone surgery using the da Vinci robot in our department. The mean age of the 78 female and 50 male patients was 52 (range 18-78) years. Results: The procedures included 29 cholecystectomies, 16 partial fundoplications, 16 extended thymectomies, 14 colonic interventions, 10 splenectomies, 10 bariatric procedures, 7 hernioplasties, 6 oesophageal interventions, 5 adrenalectomies, 5 lower lobectomies, 4 neurinomectomies and 6 others. 122 of 128 procedures (95%) were completed successfully with the da Vinci robot. Open conversion proved necessary in 4 patients due to surgical problems, and two other procedures were completed by conventional laparoscopy due to robot system technical errors. 30-day mortality was 0%, one redo-operation was necessary and two lower complications not requiring surgical re-intervention occurred. The resection margins of all tumour specimens were histologically tumour free. Conclusions: Various general surgical procedures have proved feasible and safe when performed with the da Vinci robot. The advantage of the system is best seen in tiny areas difficult of access and when dissecting delicate, vulnerable anatomical structures. However, in view of longer operating times, higher costs and the lack of adequate instruments, robotic surgery does not at the moment represent a general alternative to conventional minimally invasive surgery
SN  - 1424-7860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 521
T1  - Decision-making in neonatal cardiology based on the systemic reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
A1  - Balaguer,Santamaria A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006025077 IN - J. Gonzalez De Dios, C/ Prof. Manuel Sala, 6, 3A. 03003, Alicante; Spain. E-Mail: gonzalez_jav@gva.es CP - Spain OT - TOMA DE DECISIONES EN CARDIOLOGIA NEONATAL A TRAVES DE LAS REVISIONES SISTEMATICAS DE LA COLABORACION COCHRANE LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200605
KW  - *Clinical Decision Making
KW  - *Newborn Care
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conflict
KW  - Countries
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypotension
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Nutrition
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Patent Ductus Arteriosus
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prematurity
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 413
EP  - 421
JF  - Acta Pediatrica Espanola.Vol.63(10)()(pp 413-421), 2005.
J1  - Acta Pediatrica Espanola
VL  - Vol. 63
IS  - 10
N2  - Introduction and objectives: The Cochrane Collaboration (CC) is a source of important and readily accessible data that serves as a tool for health care decision-making based on detailed, critical and current reviews of the best available clinical trials. We analyzed the bibliometric features of the systematic reviews (SR) dealing with neonatal cardiology published in Neonatal CC. Methods: Bibliometric analysis of The Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews in Neonatal CC, Issue 1, 2004 (n=169 SR). The dependent variable recorded in each SR was the subject area of study (with particular attention to the area of cardiology) and the remaining variables -authors (number and country), dates (of the latest review and update), characteristics of clinical trials included (number and type), characteristics of the newborns included (number and gestational age), conclusions of the reviewers and potential conflicts of interest- were considered independent. Results: Cardiology was the third most important subject area in Neonatal CC (13 SR), after respiratory (73 SR) and gastroenterology-nutrition (26 SR). We identified two selective clusters of secondary research in neonatal cardiology SR: patent ductus arteriosus (8 SR) and arterial hypotension in preterm infants (4 SR). The number of clinical trials (median 3), number of patients (median 143) and gestational age (92% preterm infants), update (31%), sufficiently firm conclusion (62%) and potential conflicts of interest (8%) in each SR fell within the range of the remainder of the SR in Neonatal CC. Conclusions: The SR on neonatal cardiology are infrequent and only support evidence-based decision-making in the therapeutic management of patent ductus arteriosus and of arterial hypotension in preterm infants
SN  - 0001-6640
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 522
T1  - How should we respond to patient's needs?: Evidence-based commentary on interventions for wrinkles. [Japanese]
A1  - Kono,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006175352 IN - T. Kono, Department of Dermatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, 2-13-20, Katayama-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0082; Japan CP - Japan LG - Japanese PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200619
KW  - *Dermatological Agent
KW  - *Patient Care
KW  - *Retinoid Derivative
KW  - *Wrinkle
KW  - Aging
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Cutaneous Parameters
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Attitude
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 588
EP  - 593
JF  - Skin Research.Vol.4(6)()(pp 588-593), 2005.
J1  - Skin Research
VL  - Vol. 4
IS  - 6
N2  - In response to current patient's needs, we dermatologists should take the initiative in anti-aging medicine. In the light of EBM, interventions for wrinkles were critically appraised. Treatments with reasonably established efficacy include topical retinoids. Analysis of patient's preference and economical evaluation for wrinkles treatments would be warranted
SN  - 1347-1813
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 523
T1  - Providing education on evidence-based practice improved knowledge but did not change behaviour: A before and after study
A1  - McCluskey,A.
A1  - Lovarini,M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006057353 IN - A. McCluskey, School of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney (Campbelltown Campus, Blg 24), Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797; Australia. E-Mail: a.mccluskey@uws.edu.au CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200607
KW  - *Behavior Change
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Australia
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diaries
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - health
KW  - Health Personnel Attitude
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Skill
KW  - skill development
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workplace
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.5, 2005.Article Number: 40.Date of Publication: 19 DEC 2005.
VL  - Vol. 5
N2  - Background: Many health professionals lack the skills to find and appraise published research. This lack of skills and associated knowledge needs to be addressed, and practice habits need to change, for evidence-based practice to occur. The aim of this before and after study was to evaluate the effect of a multifaceted intervention on the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviour of allied health professionals. Methods: 114 self-selected occupational therapists were recruited. The intervention included a 2-day workshop combined with outreach support for eight months. Support involved email and telephone contact and a workplace visit. Measures were collected at baseline, post-workshop, and eight months later. The primary outcome was knowledge, measured using the Adapted Fresno Test of Evidence-Based Practice (total score 0 to 156). Secondary outcomes were attitude to evidence-based practice (% reporting improved skills and confidence; % reporting barriers), and behaviour measured using an activity diary (% engaging/not engaging in search and appraisal activities), and assignment completion. Results: Post-workshop, there were significant gains in knowledge which were maintained at follow-up. The mean difference in the Adapted Fresno Test total score was 20.6 points (95% CI, 15.6 to 25.5). The change from post-workshop to follow-up was small and non-significant (mean difference 1.2 points, 95% CI, -6.0 to 8.5). Fewer participants reported lack of searching and appraisal skills as barriers to evidence-based practice over time (searching = 61%, 53%, 24%; appraisal 60%, 65%, 41%). These differences were statistically significant (p = 0.0001 and 0.010 respectively). Behaviour changed little. Pre-workshop, 6% engaged in critical appraisal increasing to 18% post-workshop and 18% at follow-up. Nearly two thirds (60%) were not reading any research literature at follow-up. Twenty-three participants (20.2%) completed their assignment. Conclusion: Evidence-based practice skills and knowledge improved markedly with a targetted education intervention and outreach support. However, changes in behaviour were small, based on the frequency of searching and appraisal activities. Allied health educators should focus more on post-workshop skill development, particularly appraisal, and help learners to establish new routines and priorities around evidence-based practice. Learners also need to know that behaviour change of this nature may take months, even years. copyright 2005 McCluskey and Lovarini; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1472-6920
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 524
T1  - Types of clinical studies IV. Clinical trials. [Portuguese, English]
A1  - Roque,A.
A1  - Vaz,Carneiro A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006111694 IN - A. Roque, Centre de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisboa; Portugal CP - Portugal OT - TIPOS DE ESTUDOS CLINICOS. IV. ENSAIOS CLINICOS LG - Portuguese, English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200613
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1556
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - Vol. 24
IS  - 12
N2  - Clinical practice should be based on the best available information from high-quality studies. Among various study models, the randomized controlled trial, despite some disadvantages, is usually considered the gold standard for determining the efficacy of an intervention (drugs, surgery, etc.), and so this type of study should be part of all rational, conscious clinical decision-making. In this article, we present the classic structure of a randomized controlled trial, together with indications for critical appraisal of quality, as well as a brief discussion of the design, conduct and results, for correct determination of an intervention's effect
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 525
T1  - Study designs for clinicians. [Dutch]
A1  - Aertgeerts,B.
A1  - Buntinx,F.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006315745 IN - Dr. B. Aertgeerts, Academisch Centrum voor Huisartsgeneeskunde, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven; Belgium CP - Belgium OT - ONDERZOEKSDESIGNS BIJ PATIENTGEBONDEN WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK LG - Dutch PT - Journal: Review EM - 200631
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - control
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physician
KW  - Quantitative Study
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 812
EP  - 817
JF  - Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde.Vol.62(11)()(pp 812-817), 2006.Date of Publication: 01 JUN 2006.
J1  - Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde
VL  - Vol. 62
IS  - 11
N2  - Continuous Medical Education is an important issue in the world of clinicians. Nevertheless, it is extremely difficult to find a quick and correct answer on a clinical problem among the enormous amount of medical literature. Thus clinicians need tools to critically appraise papers. One of these tools is an insight in the different applicable research designs. This paper provides the reader with an overview of the most popular research designs used in patient-related research. It concentrates on quantitative research designs, whereby the investigator assigns subjects to intervention and control groups (experimental design), or describes facts or relations (observational studies). Also diagnostic and ecological designs are shortly mentioned
SN  - 0371-683X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 526
T1  - Critical appraisal: Preventing recurrent ulcer bleeding - Switch from acetylsalicylic acid to clopidogrel or add esomeprazole?
A1  - Ahmed,S.
A1  - Karwalajtys,T.
A1  - Lau,E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006457315 IN - S. Ahmed, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canada CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200640
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Clopidogrel/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Clopidogrel/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Clopidogrel/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Esomeprazole/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Esomeprazole/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer Bleeding/si [Side Effect]
KW  - 113665-84-2,120202-66-6,90055-48-4,94188-84-8 (clopidogrel)
KW  - 119141-88-7,202742-32-3,217087-09-7,217087-10-0 (esomeprazole)
KW  - 493-53-8,50-78-2,53663-74-4,53664-49-6,63781-77-1 (acetylsalicylic acid)
KW  - Aged
KW  - Anamnesis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Double Blind Procedure
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Substitution
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Proton Pump Inhibitor/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Proton Pump Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Recurrence Risk
KW  - Recurrent Disease
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Short Survey
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding/si [Side Effect]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 455
EP  - 457
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(4)()(pp 455-457), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 52
IS  - 4
SN  - 0008-350X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 527
T1  - Do community medicine residency trainees learn through journal club? An experience from a developing country
A1  - Akhund,S.
A1  - Kadir,M.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006447704 IN - M.M. Kadir, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi; Pakistan. E-Mail: masood.kadir@aku.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200640
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - medical training
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - participation
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - Vol. 6
N2  - Background: Journal clubs are an internationally recognized teaching tool in many postgraduate medical education fields. In developing countries lack of funds for current print materials may have limited journal club use. But with advancing information technology trainees in developing countries increasingly have more access to high quality journals online. However, we are aware of no studies describing journal club existence and effectiveness in postgraduate medical training in Pakistan. Also we have found no published effectiveness studies of this teaching modality in Community Medicine (Public Health) in any country. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Community Medicine (Public Health) Resident Journal Club (CMR-JC) in Aga Khan University, Pakistan using international criteria for successful journal clubs (2 years continuous existence and more than 50% attendance) and examining resident and alumni satisfaction. Methods: Journal club effectiveness criteria were searched using electronic search databases. Departmental records were reviewed from September1999-September 2005. Ninety percent of residents and alumni of Community Medicine Residency Programme participated voluntarily in a confidential survey. Results: The CMR-JC was regularly conducted. More than 95% of residents attended. (Total residents in the CMR-Programme: 32). Twenty-seven out of 29 current residents/alumni responded to the anonymous questionnaire. Acquisition of critical appraisal skills (23 respondents) and keeping up with current literature (18 respondents) were the two most important objectives achieved. Respondents recommended improved faculty participation and incorporating a structured checklist for article review. Conclusion: CMR-JC fulfils criteria for effective journal clubs. Residents and alumni agree CMRJC meets its objectives. Incorporating suggested recommendations will further improve standards. The journal club learning modality should be included in residency training programs in developing countries. Effective use of online resources to support journal clubs is demonstrated as a successful alternative to excessive expenditure for obtaining print journals. Those trying to start or improve journal clubs can benefit from our experience. copyright 2006 Akhund and Kadir; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1472-6920
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 528
T1  - A multidisciplinary project to improve the quality of cancer pain management in Italy: Background, methods, and preliminary results
A1  - Apolone,G.
A1  - Mangano,S.
A1  - Compagnoni,A.
A1  - Negri,E.
A1  - Mosconi,P.
A1  - Mannino,S.
A1  - Villa,M.
A1  - Zuccaro,P.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006464390 IN - Dr. G. Apolone, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan; Italy. E-Mail: apolone@marionegri.it CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200640
KW  - *Cancer Pain/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Cancer Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Cancer Pain/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Health Care Quality
KW  - 27203-92-5,36282-47-0 (tramadol)
KW  - 437-38-7 (fentanyl)
KW  - 52-26-6,57-27-2 (morphine)
KW  - 52485-79-7,53152-21-9 (buprenorphine)
KW  - 53663-61-9,8002-76-4,8008-60-4 (opiate)
KW  - 76-57-3 (codeine)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analgesic Agent/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Analgesic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Analgesic Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Analgesic Agent/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - Buprenorphine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Buprenorphine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Buprenorphine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Buprenorphine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Pain
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Codeine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Codeine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Codeine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Codeine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - context
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Drug Cost
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Europe
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Fentanyl/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Fentanyl/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Fentanyl/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Fentanyl/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Utilization
KW  - Health Program
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Major Clinical Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - methods
KW  - Morphine/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Morphine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Morphine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Morphine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Opiate/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Opiate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Opiate/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Opiate/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Organization
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Reimbursement
KW  - Research
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Tramadol/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Tramadol/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Tramadol/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Tramadol/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Indication
KW  - United States
KW  - Web
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 332
EP  - 341
JF  - Journal of Ambulatory Care Management.Vol.29(4)()(pp 332-341), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Ambulatory Care Management
VL  - Vol. 29
IS  - 4
N2  - Pain afflicts most cancer patients, mainly in the advanced and metastatic phases of the disease. Despite the existence of several guidelines for cancer pain management that are based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization and the availability of effective treatments for 70% to 90% of cases, undertreatment is well documented and can involve up to 40% of patients. Undertreatment is usually attributed to an incorrect use of opioids for reasons often conceptualized in terms of barriers related to healthcare provider, patient, family, institution, and society. In Italy, opioid consumption rates are among the lowest in Europe despite some of recent efforts to improve the analgesic prescription and utilization. In the context of a wide project coordinated by the Mario Negri Institute, a non-for-profit private foundation located in Milan, Italy, 4 activities were launched: (1) a critical appraisal of information available on the Web, with the preparation and publication of a meta-site to facilitate the use of selected resources; (2) an evaluation of prescriptions of analgesic drugs in a cohort of cancer patients using a large administrative database; (3) a nationwide outcome research study to assess the epidemiology, quality, and effectiveness of different analgesic strategies; and (4) a multimodal, community-based intervention based on information, education, and training programs to change the knowledge, opinions, and attitude toward cancer pain treatment. Activities started in 2005. Some results and outputs are already available; others will be ready by the end of 2007. copyright 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc
SN  - 0148-9917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 529
T1  - Systematic review and meta-analysis of Transurethral Needle Ablation in symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia
A1  - Bouza,C.
A1  - Lopez,T.
A1  - Magro,A.
A1  - Navalpotro,L.
A1  - Amate,J.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006388674 IN - C. Bouza, Agency for Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health and Consumers Affairs, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid; Spain. E-Mail: cbouza@isciii.es CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200635
KW  - *Prostate Hypertrophy/su [Surgery]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Disorders
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Local Therapy
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Postoperative Hemorrhage/co [Complication]
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Safety
KW  - Sexual Dysfunction/co [Complication]
KW  - Spain
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - Symptomatology
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Transurethral Needle Ablation
KW  - Transurethral Resection
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Urology.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 14.Date of Publication: 21 JUN 2006.
J1  - BMC Urology
VL  - Vol. 6
N2  - Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) constitutes a major clinical problem. Minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of symptomatic BPH include Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA), but it is unclear what impact this technique has on the disease and its role among other currently available therapeutic options. The objective of this study is to ascertain the efficacy and safety of TUNA in the treatment of BPH. Methods: Systematic review of the literature until January 2005 and meta-analysis of clinical studies assessing TUNA in symptomatic BPH. Studies were critically appraised. Estimates of effect were calculated according to the random-effects model. Results: 35 studies (9 comparative, 26 non-comparative) were included. Although evidence was limited by methodological issues, the analysis of relevant outcomes indicates that while TUNA significantly improves BPH parameters with respect to baseline, it does not reach the same level of efficacy as TURP in respect to all subjective and objective variables. Further, its efficacy declines in the long-term with a rate of secondary-treatment significantly higher than of TURP [OR: 7.44 (2.47, 22.43)]. Conversely, TUNA seems to be a relatively safe technique and shows a lower rate of complications than TURP [OR:0.14 (0.05, 0.14)] with differences being particularly noteworthy in terms of postoperative bleeding and sexual disorders. Likewise, TUNA has fewer anesthetic requirements and generates a shorter hospital stay than TURP [WMD: -1.9 days (-2.75, -1.05)]. Scarce data and lack of replication of comparisons hinder the assessment of TUNA vs. other local therapies. No comparisons with medical treatment were found. Conclusion: The body of evidence on which TUNA has been introduced into clinical practice is of only moderate-low quality. Available evidence suggest that TUNA is a relatively effective and safe technique that may eventually prove to have a role in selected patients with symptomatic BPH. TUNA significantly improves BPH parameters with respect to baseline values, but it does not reach the same level of efficacy and long-lasting success as TURP. On the other hand, TUNA seems to be superior to TURP in terms of associated morbidity, anesthetic requirements and length of hospital stay. With respect to the role of TUNA vis-a-vis other minimally invasive therapies, the results of this review indicate that there are insufficient data to define this with any degree of accuracy. Overall cost-effectiveness and the role of TUNA versus medical treatment need further evaluation. copyright 2006 Bouza et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1471-2490
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 530
T1  - Quality improvement in New Zealand healthcare. Part 4: Achieving effective care through clinical indicators
A1  - Buchanan,J.
A1  - Pelkowitz,A.
A1  - Seddon,M.Z.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006405601 IN - M. Seddon, Department of Quality Improvement Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland; New Zealand. E-Mail: MZSeddon@middlemore.co.nz CP - New Zealand LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200637
KW  - *Health Care Quality
KW  - *Total Quality Management
KW  - 493-53-8,50-78-2,53663-74-4,53664-49-6,63781-77-1 (acetylsalicylic acid)
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Acetylsalicylic Acid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Acute Heart Infarction/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Beta Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost Control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Monitoring
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Reliability
KW  - School
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - New Zealand Medical Journal.Vol.119(1240), 2006.Date of Publication: 18 AUG 2006.
VL  - Vol. 119
IS  - 1240
N2  - Clinical indicators can be a powerful means of improving the effectiveness of patient care. In this fourth article in the Series on quality improvement we identify the key attributes of clinical indicators and provide a scheme for their critical appraisal. Clinical indicators are objective measures of the process or outcome of patient care. They can be used to monitor care; to flag potential opportunities to improve care, and to provide evidence that a change in practice has resulted in improvement. Clinical involvement from the 'bottom up' helps to ensure that indicators are used in a formative way with a focus on 'quality improvement,' rather than as a summative, mechanism for 'top-down' external accountability which attempts to 'assure' quality. In some cases, such external quality assurance can actually harm quality improvement efforts. copyright NZMA
SN  - 1175-8716
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 531
T1  - Peer-professional workgroups in palliative care: A strategy for advancing professional discourse and practice
A1  - Byock,I.
A1  - Twohig,J.S.
A1  - Merriman,M.
A1  - Collins,K.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006412277 IN - J.S. Twohig, Duke Institute on Care at the End of Life, Duke University Divinity School, 2 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708; United States. E-Mail: jtwohig@div.duke.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200637
KW  - *Palliative Therapy
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Average
KW  - Child Care
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - Funding
KW  - Goals
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Management
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - Huntington Chorea
KW  - Immune Deficiency
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Kidney Failure
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Life
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - meetings
KW  - Model
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Advocacy
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Process Design
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - School
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Terminal Care
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 934
EP  - 947
JF  - Journal of Palliative Medicine.Vol.9(4)()(pp 934-947), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Palliative Medicine
VL  - Vol. 9
IS  - 4
N2  - Background: As part of a comprehensive national effort to improve care at the end of life, the Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care program of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation convened 'national peer-professional workgroups' of recognized authorities or leaders to advance palliative aspects of practice in their respective specialties or fields. Objective: The conveners' goals were to establish research and practice agendas to integrate palliative care within selected fields and health care settings, and to expand delivery of palliative care to special patient populations that have been underserved by palliative care. We hypothesized that leading professionals within specific fields, chartered to achieve clear goals, and then provided with sufficient administrative and logistical support, could develop recommendations for expanding access to, quality of and financing for palliative care within their disciplines. Design: Staff at the national program office of Promoting Excellence in End-of-Life Care convened eight disease-based, specialty-based or issue-based workgroups (the selected workgroup topics were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cost accounting, critical care, end-stage renal disease, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome [HIV/AIDS] disease, Huntington's disease, pediatric care, and surgical palliative care). The national program office implemented a small group process design in convening the groups, and provided coordination, oversight and administrative support, along with funds to support meetings (telephone and in-person). A workgroup 'charter' guided groups in determining the scope of efforts and set specific, time-limited goals. From the outset, the workgroups developed plans for dissemination of workgroup recommendations to defined stakeholder audiences, including health care providers, policy-makers, payers, researchers, funders, educators, professional organizations and patient advocacy groups. Setting and subjects: Groups averaged 25 members and met for an average of 24 months. Promoting Excellence leadership chose workgroup topic areas that addressed patient populations underserved for palliative care, and corresponding professional specialties with demonstrated interest and readiness to improve education, evidence base, and professional expertise in palliative aspects of care. Results: Each workgroup was highly productive and advanced changes in respective fields through developing and disseminating recommendations to their respective fields regarding practice, education, clinical and health service research and policy. Beyond their chartered responsibilities, workgroups also developed educational programs and curricula and a wide array of resources. The workgroups also authored articles for publication, intended to stimulate professional discourse and influence clinical norms and culture. Conclusions: The national peer-professional workgroup model exceeded original expectations and produced well-considered Recommendations to the Field as well as a body of resources for professionals in expanding access to and quality of palliative care. Results of this experimental venture in professional change suggest that the workgroup model may be a useful, cost-effective, rapid-change strategy for quality improvement in other areas of professional practice and service delivery. copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
SN  - 1096-6218
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 532
T1  - Journal club and teaching evidence-based medicine
A1  - Carpenter,C.R.
A1  - Katz,E.
A1  - Char,D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006445040 IN - Dr. C.R. Carpenter, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200641
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - *Residency Education
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Education
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Decision Support System
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 306
EP  - 307
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine.Vol.31(3)()(pp 306-307), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 31
IS  - 3
SN  - 0736-4679
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 533
T1  - Purchasing online journal access for a hospital medical library: How to identify value in commercially available products
A1  - Carter,T.P.
A1  - Carter,A.O.
A1  - Broomes,G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006382235 IN - T.P. Carter, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados. E-Mail: tomandannecarter@gmail.com CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200634
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Budget
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - College
KW  - Commercial Phenomena
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Florida
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Biomedical Digital Libraries [Electronic Resource].Vol.3, 2006.Article Number: 8.Date of Publication: 12 JUL 2006.
J1  - Biomedical Digital Libraries [Electronic Resource]
VL  - Vol. 3
N2  - Background: Medical practice today requires evaluating large amounts of information which should be available at all times. This information is found most easily in a digital form. Some information has already been evaluated for validity (evidence based medicine sources) and some is in unevaluated form (paper and online journals). In order to improve access to digital information, the School of Clinical Medicine and Research at the University of the West Indies and Queen Elizabeth Hospital decided to enhance the library by offering online full text medical articles and evidence based medicine sources. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relative value of online journal commercial products available for a small hospital and medical school library. Methods: Three reference standards were chosen to represent the ideal list of core periodicals for a broad range of medical care: 2 Brandon/Hill selected lists of journals for the small medical library (BH and BH core) and the academic medical library core journal collection chosen for the Florida State University College of Medicine Medical Library. Six commercially available collections were compared to the reference standards and to the current paper journal subscription list as regards to number of journals matched and cost per journal matched. Ease of use and presence of secondary sources were also considered. Results: The cost per journal matched ranged from US $3194 to $81. Because of their low subscription prices, the Biomedical Reference Collection and Proquest products were the most cost beneficial. However, they provided low coverage of the ideal lists (12 - 17% and 21-32% respectively) and contained significant embargoes on current editions, were not user friendly and contained no secondary sources. The Ovid Brandon/Hill Plus Collection overcame these difficulties but had a much higher cost-benefit range while providing higher coverage of the ideal lists (14-47%). Conclusion: After considering costs, benefits, ease of use, embargoes, presence of secondary sources (ACP Journal Club, DARE), the Ovid Brandon/Hill Plus Collection was the best choice for our hospital considering our budget. However, the option to individually select our own journal list from Ovid and pay per journal has a certain appeal as well. copyright 2006 Carter et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1742-5581
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 534
T1  - EBM and critical appraisal. [French]
A1  - Chabot,J.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006515921 IN - J.-M. Chabot, Faculte de Medecine, Marseille; France CP - France OT - EBM ET LECTURE CRITIQUE LG - French PT - Journal: Short Survey EM - 200644
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Embase
KW  - France
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reading
KW  - Short Survey
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1693
EP  - 1694
JF  - Revue du Praticien.Vol.56(15)()(pp 1693-1694), 2006.Date of Publication: 15 OCT 2006.
J1  - Revue du Praticien
VL  - Vol. 56
IS  - 15
SN  - 0035-2640
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 535
T1  - The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Response to Kahn et al
A1  - Citrome,L.
A1  - Holt,R.I.G.
A1  - Dinan,T.G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006329696 IN - Dr. L. Citrome, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962; United States. E-Mail: citrome@nki.rfmh.org CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Note EM - 200634
KW  - *Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - *Metabolic Syndrome X
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Cardiovascular Risk
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Note
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Physician
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - Research
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
JF  - Diabetes Care.Vol.29(1)()(pp 176), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 29
IS  - 1
SN  - 0149-5992
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 536
T1  - Measuring effectiveness of dietetic interventions in child obesity: A systematic review of randomized trials
A1  - Collins,C.E.
A1  - Warren,J.
A1  - Neve,M.
A1  - McCoy,P.
A1  - Stokes,B.J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006440086 IN - Dr. C.E. Collins, School of Health Sciences, Hunter Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308; Australia. E-Mail: clare.collins@newcastle.edu.au CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200638
KW  - *Obesity/th [Therapy]
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Body Mass
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diet Therapy
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - evidence
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Food Intake
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Model
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Population
KW  - power
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Weight Reduction
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 906
EP  - 922
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.Vol.160(9)()(pp 906-922), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 160
IS  - 9
N2  - Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of dietetic treatment for obese children and to report details of dietary interventions. Data Sources: English-language articles from 1975 to 2003 available from health and medical databases. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials with subjects younger than 18 years of age that included a dietary intervention in isolation or in combination with lifestyle modifications and/or psychological therapies. One person searched the databases; 2 people independently critically appraised the articles for methodological quality and then extracted data using standardized tools. Data Extraction: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria; 17 contained sufficient information for a Forest plot of the standardized effects. Eight studies had a true control and were included in a meta-analysis. The random effects model was reported if the Q noncombinability chi<sup>2</sup> statistic was significant at the 10% level because it has low power as a strict test of homogeneity. Data Synthesis: The 2 strongly qualified meta-analyses suggest that interventions that include a dietary treatment do achieve relative weight loss. Details of the dietary intervention or participant food intake are rarely described. Conclusions: It is not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary treatment for childhood obesity because of the lack of high-quality studies and the heterogeneity of designs, treatment combinations, outcome measures, and follow-up. There is an urgent need to improve the quality of studies in this area because childhood obesity poses major health risks for populations, yet there is limited evidence on which to base treatment strategies. copyright2006 American Medical Association. All rights reserved
SN  - 1072-4710
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 537
T1  - The psychology of adolescence. [French]
A1  - Compayre,J.G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006304219 CP - France OT - LA PSYCHOLOGIE DE L'ADOLESCENCE <sup>1,{lozenge, open}</sup>1ADOLESCENCE, ITS PSYCHOLOGY AND HIS RELATIONS TO PHYSIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, SEX, CRIME, RELIGION AND EDUCATION, PAR G. STANLEY HALL, 2 VOL. IN-8 DE 589-784 PAGES, NEW YORK, APPLETON, 1904 LG - French PT - Journal: Article EM - 200630
KW  - *Child Psychology
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adolescent Psychology
KW  - Anthropology
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Child
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Countries
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - France
KW  - Health Survey
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Introspection
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Genetics
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical School
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Ontogeny
KW  - Pedagogics
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Physical Development
KW  - Praise
KW  - prior knowledge
KW  - Psychological Theory
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychophysiology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reading
KW  - Religion
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Evolution
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teacher
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Witness
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 223
EP  - 246
JF  - Evolution Psychiatrique.Vol.71(2)()(pp 223-246), 2006.
J1  - Evolution Psychiatrique
VL  - Vol. 71
IS  - 2
N2  - It can be considered that the first book specifically devoted to a scientific psychological study of adolescence is the one written by Granville Stanley Hall (1844-1924), initially published in the United States in 1904. The text that has been reproduced here, which appeared in France in 1906, in the Revue Philosophique (volume LXI, pages 345 to 377), provides a detailed account of this innovative work. It bears witness to the positive reaction on the part of educational theoreticians in our country, to the new ideas provided by the American psychologist regarding adolescence and also the methods developed for studying it. The text thus includes a discussion that is full of praise for, albeit somwhat critical of, the themes that were dear to Stanley Hall, the founder of genetic psychology, who was also a philosopher, sociologist and teacher: the carrying out of large-scale surveys and research into facts; a general anthropological evolutionist approach, in the footsteps of Herbert Spencer; philosophical monism, and for the study of human psychology, rather than placing emphasis on introspection, focusing more on the body and its development: a view that was shared in France by the psychophysiological school of thought at the time, from Theodule Ribot to Alfred Binet. Jules-Gabriel Compayre (1843-1913) was an educational theoretician, one of the individuals who helped to develop the French 'Republican School' under the Third Republic, and not only the author of a large number of books on education, but on the history of education as well. His works were widely distributed and much read, and he held prestigious university posts (Rector of Lyon University, Member of the Institute). Regarding Stanley Hall, Compayre felt obliged to criticize the former's unduly atavistic approach, based on the theory of the primacy of ontogenesis over phylogenesis. However, in agreement with the some of the arguments of the American psychologist, he shared the idea that an efficient and intelligent educational approach should be based on firmly established prior knowledge of child and adolescent psychology, a 'psychopedagogical' view that was to be further developed by Maria Montessori, Edouard Claparede, Ovide Decroly and later by the New School. copyright 2006
SN  - 0014-3855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 538
T1  - Pharmacogenetics in clinical practice: Considerations for testing
A1  - Constable,S.
A1  - Johnson,M.R.
A1  - Pirmohamed,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006372305 IN - Dr. M. Pirmohamed, University of Liverpool, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ashton Street Medical School, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE; United Kingdom. E-Mail: munirp@liverpool.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200634
KW  - *6 Mercaptopurine Derivative/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *6 Mercaptopurine Derivative/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *6 Mercaptopurine Derivative/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - *6 Mercaptopurine Derivative/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *6 Mercaptopurine Derivative/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - *Abacavir/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Abacavir/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Abacavir/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - *Abacavir/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Abacavir/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - *Breast Cancer/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Colorectal Cancer/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Fluorouracil/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Fluorouracil/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Fluorouracil/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - *Fluorouracil/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Fluorouracil/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - *Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Methotrexate/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Methotrexate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Methotrexate/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - *Methotrexate/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Methotrexate/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - *Rheumatoid Arthritis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Warfarin/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Warfarin/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Warfarin/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - *Warfarin/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Warfarin/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - 129-06-6,2610-86-8,3324-63-8,5543-58-8,81-81-2 (warfarin)
KW  - 136470-78-5,188062-50-2 (abacavir)
KW  - 154-42-7 (tioguanine)
KW  - 15475-56-6,59-05-2,7413-34-5 (methotrexate)
KW  - 31441-78-8,50-44-2,6112-76-1 (mercaptopurine)
KW  - 446-86-6 (azathioprine)
KW  - 51-21-8 (fluorouracil)
KW  - Analytic Method
KW  - Anticoagulant Therapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Azathioprine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Azathioprine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Azathioprine/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - Azathioprine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Azathioprine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Biological Marker
KW  - Bleeding/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Bone Marrow Suppression/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Brca1 Associated Ring Domain Protein 1
KW  - Brca2 Protein
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Safety
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Enteritis/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - form
KW  - Gastrointestinal Toxicity/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Gene Mutation
KW  - Goals
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hematopoiesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypersensitivity Reaction/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Immunosuppressive Treatment
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Liver Toxicity/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Mercaptopurine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Mercaptopurine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Mercaptopurine/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - Mercaptopurine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Mercaptopurine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - Mucosa Inflammation/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Neurologic Disease/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Pharmacogenetics
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - practice
KW  - Prostate Specific Antigen
KW  - Qualitative Validity
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Screening
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Side Effect/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - testing
KW  - Therapeutics
KW  - Tioguanine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Tioguanine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Tioguanine/dv [Drug Development]
KW  - Tioguanine/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - Tioguanine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics]
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - ziagen: Glaxo Smithkline
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 193
EP  - 205
JF  - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics.Vol.6(2)()(pp 193-205), 2006.
J1  - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
VL  - Vol. 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Pharmacogenetics is a rapidly evolving field that will undoubtedly lead to the development of pharmacogenetic tests. Such tests will need to be assimilated into healthcare systems, but represent a further call on scarce healthcare resources. Therefore, in order for a pharmacogenetic test to fulfill its potential beyond the laboratory and into the clinical environment, it must prove itself on a wide range of multifaceted criteria. The test must have proven and reproducible analytical and clinical validity, and stand up to critical appraisal of clinical utility and cost-effectiveness. Pharmacogenetic testing can be considered to be a form of screening, and the experience that has been gained to date in evaluating other forms of screening tests may prove beneficial in evaluating pharmacogenetic technology. It is essential that the goals of pharmacogenetic testing are defined as early as possible to ensure that appropriate studies can be designed to provide the evidence base, and thereby enable appropriate evaluation of the technology by clinicians and healthcare administrators for incorporation into clinical practice. This review focuses on issues that will need to be considered in the scientific assessment of pharmacogenetic testing. copyright 2006 Future Drugs Ltd
SN  - 1473-7159
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 539
T1  - Critical reading of scientific articles that the pharmaceutical industry offers family doctors. [Spanish]
A1  - Cortes Marquez,J.A.
A1  - Jimenez,Blazquez M.
A1  - Monge,Casares E.
A1  - Alvarez,Montero S.
A1  - Carretero,Ramos R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006614174 IN - J.A. Cortes Marquez, Centro de Salud de Torrelodones, Madrid; Spain CP - Spain OT - LECTURA CRITICA DE ARTICULOS CIENTIFICOS QUE LA INDUSTRIA FARMACEUTICA OFRECE A LOS MEDICOS DE FAMILIA LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200703
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - Article
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Drug Industry
KW  - Embase
KW  - Family
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - Industry
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reading
KW  - Rural Health Care
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 466
EP  - 467
JF  - Atencion Primaria.Vol.38(8)()(pp 466-467), 2006.Date of Publication: 15 NOV 2006.
J1  - Atencion Primaria
VL  - Vol. 38
IS  - 8
SN  - 0212-6567
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 540
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical studies and meta-analyses - An educational article on the most important validity criteria according to Evidence-based Medicine (EbM). [German]
A1  - Czekalla,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006606338 IN - Dr. J. Czekalla, Therapeutic Area CNS, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Raiffeisenstr. 8, 41470 Neuss. E-Mail: jczekalla@jacde.jnj.com CP - Germany OT - KRITISCHE BEWERTUNG VON STUDIEN UND METAANALYSEN - EIN FORTBILDUNGSARTIKEL UBER DIE WICHTIGSTEN VALIDITATSKRITERIEN DER EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200703
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Mental Health Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 224
EP  - 230
JF  - Psychopharmakotherapie.Vol.13(6)()(pp 224-230), 2006.
J1  - Psychopharmakotherapie
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 6
N2  - The Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines 'evidence' as 'available facts, circumstances, etc. indicating whether a thing is true or not true.' In conjunction with clinical expertise, which can just be acquired by clinical practice, evidence-based medicine (EbM) is considered as a lifelong learning process which is targeted on adjustment on fast varying medical knowledge by continuous problem-focused learning. Thus, there is an increasing need for medical education due to the systematic assessment of clinical studies by mental health care specialists. The associated methodology has been developed in the eighties by the Cochrane Collaboration in Oxford, whose intention is to compile systematic reviews regarding assessment of therapies as well as to update and publish them. The critical appraisal of clinical studies and meta-analyses is based on validity criteria with regard to study design, biostatistics, study population and interpretation according to Sackett et al., and will be summarized. According to the methods of evidence-based medicine the estimation of clinical benefit by calculation of absolute risk reduction (ARR) und number needed to treat (NNT) will be described with a focus on psychiatric studies and examples. Meanwhile efforts are made by psychiatrists to make decisions on best evidence available at present in combination with clinical expertise
SN  - 0944-6877
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 541
T1  - Is an unconditioned medical information possible?. [Italian]
A1  - De,Fiore L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006104098 IN - E-Mail: luca.defiore@pensiero.it CP - Italy OT - E POSSIBILE UN'INFORMAZIONE MEDICA NON CONDIZIONATA? LG - Italian PT - Journal: Article EM - 200611
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Conflict of Interest
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Drug Industry
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - External Bias
KW  - Finance
KW  - Financial Management
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Industry
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Policy
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Marketing
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - stories
KW  - strategies
KW  - Symposium
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
JF  - Quaderni ACP.Vol.13(1)()(pp 1-5), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - 1
N2  - The medical publishing environment has been recently shocked by several chilling stories. Too often, physicians routinely rely on poor quality information, home-made by pharmaceutical companies; industries have also an enormous influence over continuing medical education (CME) programs, sponsoring and orienting workshops, journals, and distance learning. Medical knowledge is biased at an early stage, since most clinical trials are substantially controlled by Big Pharma. Doctors cooperate in producing biased clinical guidelines, reviews and conference reports, accepting any kind of gifts from the industries. The individual physician is the ideal target for this kind of marketing strategies: as doctors have been busier and busier, they are more and more exposed to the allure of gifts and grants offered during the salesmen visits. On the other hand, medical societies and professional organizations have heavy financial entanglements with the industry: companies sponsor symposia and CME courses; frequently, satellite meetings are better attended and cited than scientific sessions. How did it happen? As the influence of money has grown medicine ceased to be among the most respected professions. Doctors seem to be less confident in medical knowledge, not opposing to industry promotion and to patients'rising medical consumerism. What can be done now? Disclosure of financial ties with industries could be a first step but it hardly would be enough. Postgraduate medical education should be based on teaching of the methods of critical appraisal of all the best evidence. Only governmental institutions and agencies should plan, finance and manage projects granting CME credits. Scientific associations must be self-supporting. The promotional strategies of pharmaceutical companies should be guided by clear, comprehensive, rigorous policies and standards, and carefully monitored by regulatory agencies
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 542
T1  - Randomised controlled trials: Part 2, reporting
A1  - Deane,K.H.O.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006315412 IN - Dr. K.H.O. Deane, Northumbria University, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Community, Health and Education Studies Research Centre, Coach Lane East, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA; United Kingdom. E-Mail: katherine.deane@unn.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200630
KW  - *Clinical Study
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Health Hazard
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Intermethod Comparison
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Mathematical Analysis
KW  - Medical Profession
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Reading
KW  - Registration
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Standard
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 248
EP  - 254
JF  - British Journal of Occupational Therapy.Vol.69(6)()(pp 248-254), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 69
IS  - 6
N2  - Occupational therapists reading reports of randomised controlled trials and trying to interpret the reliability and size of effects stated are frequently frustrated by poor standards of reporting. They need to be able to evaluate the profession's interventions critically: to stop the ineffective, to reduce the hazardous and to promote the effective. With out good quality trials and trial reports, the profession will continue to be dogged by systematic reviews that conclude that there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of occupational therapy. These, in turn, will mean that the use of occupational therapy cannot be promoted strongly in national guidelines and, therefore, services may become restricted. This review covers some of the issues to be considered when writing or reading a report of a randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention, such as occupational therapy
SN  - 0308-0226
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 543
T1  - Effect of a brief intervention on evidence-based medicine skills of pediatric residents
A1  - Dinkevich,E.
A1  - Markinson,A.
A1  - Ahsan,S.
A1  - Lawrence,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006091535 IN - E. Dinkevich, Department of Pediatrics, SUNY-Downstate College of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY; United States. E-Mail: edinkevich@downstate.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200611
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - *Skill
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Competence
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Pretest Posttest Design
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 1.Date of Publication: 10 JAN 2006.
VL  - Vol. 6
N2  - Background: While Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) skills are increasingly being taught in medical schools, teaching quality has been insufficient, so that incoming pediatric residents lack adequate EBM skills required for patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief teaching module developed to improve EBM skills of pediatric residents. Methods: With-in subjects study design with pre- and post-test evaluation was performed in a large urban pediatric residency training program in Brooklyn, New York. We included PGY-1s during intern orientation, while second and third year pediatric residents were selected based on schedule availability. Sixty-nine residents were enrolled into the study, 60 (87%) completed the training. An EBM training module consisting of three or four weekly two-hour seminars was conducted. The module was designed to teach core EBM skills including (1) formulating answerable clinical questions, (2) searching the evidence, (3) critical appraisal skills including validity and applicability, and (4) understanding levels of evidence and quantitative results for therapy articles. A portion of the Fresno test of competence in EBM was used to assess EBM skills. The test presented a clinical scenario that was followed by nine short answer questions. One to three questions were used to assess EBM skills for each of the four core skills. The kappa co-efficient for interrater reliability was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56-0.92). Results: Prior to the training module, the residents achieved a mean score of 17% correct overall. Post intervention, the mean score increased to 63% with improvement in each EBM category. A mean of 4.08 more questions (out of 9) were answered correctly after the training (95% CI of 3.44-4.72). Conclusion: A brief training module was effective in improving EBM skills of pediatric residents. copyright 2006 Dinkevich et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1472-6920
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 544
T1  - Evidence-Based Radiology
A1  - Erturk,S.M.
A1  - Ondategui-Parra,S.
A1  - Otero,H.
A1  - Ros,P.R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006302873 IN - Dr. S.M. Erturk, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; United States. E-Mail: serturk@partners.org CP - Netherlands LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200630
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Radiology
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - College
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 513
EP  - 519
JF  - Journal of the American College of Radiology.Vol.3(7)()(pp 513-519), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the American College of Radiology
VL  - Vol. 3
IS  - 7
N2  - The role of evidence-based medicine, defined as the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values, is becoming increasingly important in health care. Evidence-based practice has 5 basic steps that can be applied to any clinical discipline: (1) formulate an answerable question, (2) find the best current evidence, (3) appraise critically, (4) apply findings to practice, and (5) evaluate performance. Evidence-based radiology (EBR) is a relatively new approach to the practice of radiology based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. Through EBR, radiologists can regularly update their knowledge, deepen their understanding of research methodologies, and use research data in clinical settings more effectively; for patients, EBR ensures that they receive the best current care. Evidence-based radiology can be used to decrease the variability in radiology practice and thus avoid the unnecessary waste of resources. copyright 2006 American College of Radiology
SN  - 1546-1440
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 545
T1  - Food allergy and the introduction of solid foods to infants: A consensus document
A1  - Fiocchi,A.
A1  - Assa'ad,A.
A1  - Bahna,S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006368124 IN - Dr. A. Fiocchi, Melloni Paediatria, University of Milan Medical School, Melloni Hospital, Via Melloni 52, 20129 - Milan; Italy. E-Mail: allerg@tin.it CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200634
KW  - *Food Allergy/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Food Allergy/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Food Allergy/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Infant Feeding
KW  - 37341-29-0 (immunoglobulin E)
KW  - 9007-90-3 (gliadin)
KW  - Age
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Allergenicity
KW  - Asthma/et [Etiology]
KW  - Asthma/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Atopic Dermatitis/et [Etiology]
KW  - Atopic Dermatitis/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Author
KW  - Bovine Serum Albumin
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Cereal
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Dairy Product
KW  - data
KW  - Diet
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Eczema/et [Etiology]
KW  - Eczema/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Egg
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Feeding
KW  - Fish
KW  - Food Allergen
KW  - Fruit
KW  - Gastrointestinal Disease/et [Etiology]
KW  - Gastrointestinal Disease/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Gliadin
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunoglobulin E/ec [Endogenous Compound]
KW  - Infant
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Meat
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medline
KW  - Milk
KW  - Mucosal Immunity
KW  - Nut
KW  - Organization
KW  - Peanut
KW  - Pediatrician
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Prick Test
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Publication
KW  - Radioallergosorbent Test
KW  - Rash/et [Etiology]
KW  - Rash/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Research
KW  - Respiratory Tract Disease/et [Etiology]
KW  - Respiratory Tract Disease/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Sea Food
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Solid
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - timing
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vegetable
KW  - Weaning
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 21
JF  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.Vol.97(1)()(pp 10-21), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 97
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: To make recommendations based on a critical review of the evidence for the timing of the introduction of solid foods and its possible role in the development of food allergy. Data Sources: MEDLINE searches using the following search algorithm: [weaning AND infant AND allergy]/[food allergy AND sensitization]/[dietary prevention AND food allergy OR allergens]/[Jan 1980-Feb 2006]. Study Selection: Using the authors' clinical experience and research expertise, 52 studies were retrieved that satisfied the following conditions: English language, journal impact factor above 1 or scientific society, expert, or institutional publication, and appraisable using the World Health Organization categories of evidence. Results: Available information suggests that early introduction can increase the risk of food allergy, that avoidance of solids can prevent the development of specific food allergies, that some foods are more allergenic than others, and that some food allergies are more persistent than others. Conclusions: Pediatricians and allergists should cautiously individualize the introduction of solids into the infants' diet. With assessed risk of allergy, the optimal age for the introduction of selected supplemental foods should be 6 months, dairy products 12 months, hen's egg 24 months, and peanut, tree nuts, fish, and seafood at least 36 months. For all infants, complementary feeding can be introduced from the sixth month, and egg, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and seafood introduction require caution. Foods should be introduced one at a time in small amounts. Mixed foods containing various food allergens should not be given unless tolerance to every ingredient has been assessed
SN  - 1081-1206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 546
T1  - IDET: A critical appraisal of the evidence
A1  - Freeman,B.J.C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006444066 IN - B.J.C. Freeman, Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham; United Kingdom. E-Mail: brian.freeman@nuh.nhs.uk CP - Germany LG - English PT - Journal: Conference Paper EM - 200640
KW  - *Backache/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Backache/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Backache/th [Therapy]
KW  - 53663-61-9,8002-76-4,8008-60-4 (opiate)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Bone Necrosis/co [Complication]
KW  - Catheter Complication/co [Complication]
KW  - Cauda Equina Syndrome/co [Complication]
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Conference Paper
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Diskography
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endoscopy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Functional Status
KW  - Germany
KW  - Headache/co [Complication]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Hyperthermic Therapy
KW  - Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
KW  - Intervertebral Disk Hernia/co [Complication]
KW  - intradiscal electrothermal therapy
KW  - journal
KW  - Liquorrhea/co [Complication]
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - Low Back Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Low Back Pain/su [Surgery]
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Narcotic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Nerve Root Injury/co [Complication]
KW  - Opiate/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Assessment
KW  - Paper
KW  - Paresthesia/co [Complication]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - patients
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Radicular Pain/co [Complication]
KW  - Radiculopathy/co [Complication]
KW  - Radiofrequency Ablation
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - Review
KW  - Spine Surgery
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thermocoagulation
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Visual Analog Scale
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S448
EP  - S457
JF  - European Spine Journal.Vol.15(SUPPL.15)()(pp S448-S457), 2006.
J1  - European Spine Journal
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - SUPPL. 15
N2  - Smith and Nephew (Endoscopy division, Andover, MA, USA) have estimated that 60,000 Intra-Discal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET) procedures have been performed world wide up to June 2005. Despite the large number of procedures performed, a critical appraisal of the evidence of efficacy of IDET has not appeared in the literature. This paper reviews the current evidence of clinical efficacy for IDET obtained via a systematic review of the literature. Studies were included if they used at least one of four specified primary outcome measures; pain intensity as assessed by a visual analogue score (VAS), global measurement of overall improvement, back specific functional status such as Oswestry disability Index (ODI) and return to work. Levels of evidence were assigned according to the hierarchy described by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (www.cebm.net). Papers addressing possible mechanisms of action of IDET were not considered as the focus of the literature review was clinical effectiveness. Eleven prospective cohort studies (level II evidence) were reported on a total of 256 patients with a mean follow-up of 17.1 months (range 12-28 months). The mean improvement in the VAS for back pain was 3.4 points (range 1.4-6.5) and the mean improvement in ODI was 5.2 points (range 4.0-6.4). A total of 379 patients were reported in five retrospective studies (level III evidence). Between 13 and 23% of patients subsequently underwent surgery for low back pain within the study period. Two randomised controlled trials of IDET have been reported in the literature. The first randomised 64 patients (37 to IDET, 27 to Sham). The advantage for IDET patients amounted to 1.3 points on the VAS and seven points on the ODI. The second study randomised 57 subjects (38 to IDET, 19 to Sham) and showed no benefit from IDET over placebo. The evidence for efficacy of IDET remains weak and has not passed the standard of scientific proof. copyright Springer-Verlag 2006
SN  - 0940-6719
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 547
T1  - Response to letter: 'Critical appraisal of individual trials?' [4]
A1  - Gludd,L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006231321 IN - L. Gludd, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen; Denmark CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200626
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1157
JF  - American Journal of Gastroenterology.Vol.101(5)()(pp 1157), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 101
IS  - 5
SN  - 0002-9270
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 548
T1  - Development of patient pathways for the surgical management of burn injury
A1  - Greenwood,J.E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006389320 IN - Dr. J.E. Greenwood, Burns Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000; Australia. E-Mail: jgreenwo@mail.rah.sa.gov.au CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200636
KW  - *Biobrane/pd [Pharmacology]
KW  - *Burn/su [Surgery]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Audit
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - College
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - form
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - History
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Review
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 805
EP  - 811
JF  - ANZ Journal of Surgery.Vol.76(9)()(pp 805-811), 2006.
J1  - ANZ Journal of Surgery
VL  - Vol. 76
IS  - 9
N2  - Background: There are many reasons for the development of patient pathways in burn surgery introduced at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in South Australia at the beginning of January 2005. These include education, standardization of technique, scheduling of surgical episodes and rationalization of the use of expensive therapies. Methods: A critical appraisal of both evidence based on published work and personal/peer experience has been used to generate the current pathways. Results: The year 2005 was the busiest in the history of the hospital, both in numerical terms and in the proportion of major burn injuries. These protocols were effective in enabling us to cope with negligible mortality. Conclusion: Although the first draft pathways work in our unit, they will undergo regular audit. It is hoped that they will form a template that can assist other services to create their own pathways. copyright 2006 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
SN  - 1445-1433
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 549
T1  - Empowerment, adherence, evidence-based patient information and shared decision making - Slogans or keywords?. [German]
A1  - Heesen,C.
A1  - Berger,B.
A1  - Hamann,J.
A1  - Kasper,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006520386 IN - Dr. C. Heesen, MS-Sprechstunde, Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurologie, Universitatskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrae 52, 20246 Hamburg; Germany. E-Mail: heesen@uke.uni-hamburg.de CP - Germany OT - EMPOWERMENT, ADHARENZ, EVIDENZBASIERTE PATIENTENINFORMATION UND PARTIZIPATIVE ENTSCHEIDUNGSFINDUNG BEI MS - SCHLAGWORTE ODER WEGWEISER? LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200646
KW  - *Multiple Sclerosis
KW  - *Patient Participation
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Authority
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Attitude
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - Patient Right
KW  - patients
KW  - professionals
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 232
EP  - 238
JF  - Neurologie und Rehabilitation.Vol.12(4)()(pp 232-238), 2006.
J1  - Neurologie und Rehabilitation
VL  - Vol. 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Patients and health authorities increasingly claim active patient roles in health care decision-making processes. Empowerment strategies may help patients to take increased responsibility of their lives. Empowerment includes the concept of the 'expert patient', who critically appraises scientific evidence, reflects on his own values and competently interacts with health professionals. This concept of self-management has demonstrated positive effects on health outcomes in asthma and diabetes patients. Based on this, the old concept of treatment adherence and compliance should be revised and defined from a patient-centered position, especially in chronic conditions. In multiple sclerosis (MS), low treatment rates and low adherence to treatment regimen have been repeatedly reported. It is however unclear if this is due to a lack of information or actually reflects rational and responsible decisions. Since available therapies are only partially effective in MS, it is a prototypic condition for a shared decision making process. Recent studies have shown that MS patients claim autonomous decisional role preferences but that their knowledge on risks is low. To clarify if evidence-based patient information is able to enhance autonomous roles two randomised trials are currently under way and will be finished by the end of 2006. copyright Hippocampus Verlag 2006
SN  - 0947-2177
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 550
T1  - Methodological aspects of outcomes research
A1  - Hiebert,R.
A1  - Nordin,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006065241 IN - R. Hiebert, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University Medical Center, 63 Downing Street, New York, NY 10014; United States. E-Mail: Rh44@nyu.edu CP - Germany LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200608
KW  - *Outcomes Research
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment efficacy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S4
EP  - S16
JF  - European Spine Journal.Vol.15(SUPPL.1)()(pp S4-S16), 2006.
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - SUPPL. 1
N2  - A critical evaluation of existing scientific evidence of treatment efficacy can be an important part of communicating risk and benefits of treatment options to patients during the course of clinical practice. A checklist of key methodological issues to examine when reading a research study is presented and discussed. Steps in reading a paper include: identifying the research question; identifying the manner in which subjects get enrolled in the study; identifying the treatments and outcomes used; identifying the study design and the comparisons being made; evaluating the study methods for the possibility of bias and uncontrolled confounding; assessing whether the statistical analysis used is appropriate for the study design; assessing whether the study has sufficient statistical power to demonstrate hypotheses being tested. Finally, procedures for grading and evaluating evidence, as used by systematic review groups and international best evidence synthesis consensus groups is briefly described. copyright Springer-Verlag 2005
SN  - 0940-6719
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 551
T1  - The architecture of evidence-based gynaecology
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006480418 IN - K.S. Khan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TG; United Kingdom. E-Mail: k.s.khan@bham.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200642
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Gynecology
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Data
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hope
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - texts
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 639
EP  - 646
JF  - Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology.Vol.20(5)()(pp 639-646), 2006.
J1  - Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
VL  - Vol. 20
IS  - 5
N2  - Modern evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its predecessor 'Medecin d'Observation' both emphasise that potential advances in healthcare must be researched and proven to do more good than harm using the principles of clinical epidemiology before they are incorporated into medical practice. EBM is considered an important advance in improving clinical care in gynaecology but EBM skills have traditionally not been covered in undergraduate or postgraduate education. Therefore there is a perceived need to compile texts on various aspects of gynaecological practice using EBM principles. This is what these two issues of the Best Practice series hope to achieve. The various chapters will provide readers with clinical advice generated from critically appraised information that has been identified as addressing relevant questions. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 1521-6934
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 552
T1  - Applying evidence-based surgery in daily clinical routine: A feasibility study
A1  - Krahn,J.
A1  - Sauerland,S.
A1  - Rixen,D.
A1  - Gregor,S.
A1  - Bouillon,B.
A1  - Neugebauer,E.A.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006099508 IN - S. Sauerland, Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Ostmerheimer Strae 200, 51109 Cologne; Germany. E-Mail: S.Sauerland@uni-koeln.de CP - Germany LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200611
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Orthopedic Surgery
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Data Base
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Feasibility Study
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Access
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Online System
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Point of Care Testing
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - PubMed
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 88
EP  - 92
JF  - Archives of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery.Vol.126(2)()(pp 88-92), 2006.
J1  - Archives of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery
VL  - Vol. 126
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: Although the word evidence-based medicine (EBM) has gained wide popularity, only a few studies have evaluated how EBM works in clinical practice. Methods: We have prospectively evaluated the feasibility of evidence-based trauma surgery. Orthopaedic trauma surgeons were asked to produce clinical questions related to the treatment of current patients. An informaticist searched the literature (Medline, Cochrane Library, practice guidelines and textbooks) and reported the findings on every following day. The study's main endpoints were the rate of questions for which relevant evidence (>level V) was available and the time necessary to find and critically appraise medical evidence. Results: In total, 44 EBM questions were formulated, mainly concerning treatment options. PubMed was searched for 39 questions, textbooks for 14, the Cochrane Library for 11, online guidelines for 9 and other sources were used for 4 questions. On average, 157 text items (three per questions) were identified as potentially relevant. Journal articles predominated (83%) over textbooks (10%). Sixty-eight percent of the questions (30 of 44) were answered, either on the basis level 1 (n=13 questions), level 2 (n=6), or level 4 evidence (n=14). Trying to answer a question required 53 min on average, split up between 39 min of database searches and 25 min of obtaining full text articles. In four cases, the evidence suggested a change in clinical management. The physicians were very appreciative of our project and found the provided evidence very helpful for their clinical decisions. Conclusions: Time will be the main barrier against the introduction of clinical EBM. It is likely that clinicians reduce EBM to those situations where evidence is likely to be found. Although the impact of EBM on patient-care was limited, the concept of EBM was successfully implemented. copyright Springer-Verlag 2006
SN  - 0936-8051
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 553
T1  - Journal clubs and EBM in emergency medicine
A1  - Kuhn,G.
A1  - Cordell,W.
A1  - Rowe,B.
A1  - Wyer,P.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006445041 IN - Dr. G. Kuhn, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; United States CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Letter EM - 200641
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - Clinical Education
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Staff Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 307
EP  - 308
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine.Vol.31(3)()(pp 307-308), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Emergency Medicine
VL  - Vol. 31
IS  - 3
SN  - 0736-4679
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 554
T1  - Critical care outreach: Who knows their ABC's?
A1  - Labrosse,S.
A1  - Clark,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006576160 CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200650
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - 7782-44-7 (oxygen)
KW  - Article
KW  - Artificial Ventilation
KW  - assessment
KW  - Blood Gas Analysis
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Assessment
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Health Care Financing
KW  - Heart Arrest/co [Complication]
KW  - Heart Arrest/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Admission
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Intensive Care Nursing
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Oxygen Therapy
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Race
KW  - Readmission
KW  - Resource Management
KW  - Respiratory Therapist
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 18
EP  - 20
JF  - Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy.Vol.42(4)()(pp 18-20), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy
VL  - Vol. 42
IS  - 4
N2  - More than a year has passed since the initiation of the Critical Care Outreach team at the Ottawa Hospital. Now called RACE (Rapid Assessment of Critical Events), it was created to bring the practice of 'ICU without walls' to our hospital. We have successfully established this team as a major contributor in the treatment of critically ill patients within our hospital. Consisting of an ICU intensivist, a critical care nurse and a respiratory therapist the outreach team has impacted management of critical care patients improving outcomes, decreasing length stay, ICU admissions and readmissions and reducing cardiac arrests (ref.1)
SN  - 1205-9838
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 555
T1  - Identifying strategies to improve access to credible and relevant information for public health professionals: A qualitative study
A1  - LaPelle,N.R.
A1  - Luckmann,R.
A1  - Simpson,E.H.
A1  - Martin,E.R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006213246 IN - N.R. LaPelle, Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; United States. E-Mail: Nancy.LaPelle@umassmed.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200624
KW  - *Information Retrieval
KW  - *Medical Information
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - community health
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Disease Control
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - Employee
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice Center
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - health
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Human
KW  - Infection Control
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - interest
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - Organization
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health Service
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Public Health.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 89.Date of Publication: 05 APR 2006.
J1  - BMC Public Health
VL  - Vol. 6
N2  - Background: Movement towards evidence-based practices in many fields suggests that public health (PH) challenges may be better addressed if credible information about health risks and effective PH practices is readily available. However, research has shown that many PH information needs are unmet. In addition to reviewing relevant literature, this study performed a comprehensive review of existing information resources and collected data from two representative PH groups, focusing on identifying current practices, expressed information needs, and ideal systems for information access. Methods: Nineteen individual interviews were conducted among employees of two domains in a state health department - communicable disease control and community health promotion. Subsequent focus groups gathered additional data on preferences for methods of information access and delivery as well as information format and content. Qualitative methods were used to identify themes in the interview and focus group transcripts. Results: Informants expressed similar needs for improved information access including single portal access with a good search engine; automatic notification regarding newly available information; access to best practice information in many areas of interest that extend beyond biomedical subject matter; improved access to grey literature as well as to more systematic reviews, summaries, and full-text articles; better methods for indexing, filtering, and searching for information; and effective ways to archive information accessed. Informants expressed a preference for improving systems with which they were already familiar such as PubMed and listservs rather than introducing new systems of information organization and delivery. A hypothetical ideal model for information organization and delivery was developed based on informants' stated information needs and preferred means of delivery. Features of the model were endorsed by the subjects who reviewed it. Conclusion: Many critical information needs of PH practitioners are not being met efficiently or at all. We propose a dual strategy of: 1) promoting incremental improvements in existing information delivery systems based on the expressed preferences of the PH users of the systems and 2) the concurrent development and rigorous evaluation of new models of information organization and delivery that draw on successful resources already operating to deliver information to clinical medical practitioners. copyright 2006LaPelle et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
SN  - 1471-2458
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 556
T1  - Structured journal club as a tool to teach and assess resident competence in practice-based learning and improvement
A1  - Lee,A.G.
A1  - Boldt,H.C.
A1  - Golnik,K.C.
A1  - Arnold,A.C.
A1  - Oetting,T.A.
A1  - Beaver,H.A.
A1  - Olson,R.J.
A1  - Zimmerman,M.B.
A1  - Carter,K.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006098079 IN - Dr. A.G. Lee, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive PFP, Iowa City, IA 52242; United States. E-Mail: andrew-lee@uiowa.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200611
KW  - *Ophthalmology
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Residency Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - City
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - methods
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - practice-based learning
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Ophthalmology.Vol.113(3), 2006.
J1  - Ophthalmology
VL  - Vol. 113
IS  - 3
N2  - Purpose: To describe the use of the journal club as a tool to teach and assess competency in practice-based learning (PBL) and improvement among residents in ophthalmology. Design: Interventional case series. Participants: Ophthalmology residents. Setting: Three academic ophthalmology residency programs in the United States. Methods: A survey was performed of self-assessed skills in PBL among residents in ophthalmology training before and after the implementation of a structured review checklist during a traditional resident journal club. The survey had 5 domains, including (A) appraise and assimilate evidence, (B) read a journal article critically, (C) use a systematic and standardized checklist, (D) apply knowledge of study designs and statistical methods, and (E) maintain a self-documented written record of compliance. The respondents scored their ability (range, 1-5). Results: The use of a structured journal club tool was associated with a statistically significant improvement in self-assessed ability in all 5 domains. Conclusions: Although validity, reliability, and long-term efficacy studies are necessary, the structured journal club is one method of teaching and assessing resident competency in PBL and improvement. copyright 2006 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
SN  - 0161-6420
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 557
T1  - Beyond critical appraisal
A1  - Lowe,M.P.
A1  - Hayhow,B.D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006500494 IN - M.P. Lowe, Northern Territory Clinical School, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, North. Territ.; Australia CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200643
KW  - *Medical Practice
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - 162011-90-7,186912-82-3 (rofecoxib)
KW  - 169590-42-5 (celecoxib)
KW  - 26807-65-8 (indapamide)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Celecoxib/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Celecoxib/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Drug Effect
KW  - Drug Hypersensitivity
KW  - Drug Marketing
KW  - Drug Withdrawal
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Forgery
KW  - Gastrointestinal Symptom/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Indapamide/cb [Drug Combination]
KW  - Indapamide/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Agent/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Pain
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - Rofecoxib/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - Rofecoxib/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Stroke/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 122
EP  - 124
JF  - Australian Prescriber.Vol.29(5)()(pp 122-124), 2006.
J1  - Australian Prescriber
VL  - Vol. 29
IS  - 5
N2  - All doctors require skills to critically appraise medical research. Critical appraisal is important but limited by its focus on the internal logic of research publications. A broader knowledge of the context in which studies are generated is sometimes necessary to understand their conclusions and their implications for clinical practice
SN  - 0312-8008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 558
T1  - In praise of critical appraisal
A1  - Lumley,J.
A1  - Daly,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006433202 CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Editorial EM - 200639
KW  - *Medical Research
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - *Public Health
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - History of Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Praise
KW  - Publication
KW  - Randomization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 303
JF  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health.Vol.30(4)()(pp 303), 2006.
J1  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 4
SN  - 1326-0200
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 559
T1  - Applicability and clinical relevance of results in randomized controlled trials: The Cochrane review on exercise therapy for low back pain as an example
A1  - Malmivaara,A.
A1  - Koes,B.W.
A1  - Bouter,L.M.
A1  - Van Tulder,M.W.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006282565 IN - Dr. A. Malmivaara, Finnish Office for Health Technology Assessment, Helsinki; Finland. E-Mail: antti.malmivaara@stakes.fi CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200627
KW  - *Kinesiotherapy
KW  - *Low Back Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Consensus
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Disorders
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Finland
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Spine Disease/th [Therapy]
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - testing
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1405
EP  - 1409
JF  - Spine.Vol.31(13)()(pp 1405-1409), 2006.
J1  - Spine
VL  - Vol. 31
IS  - 13
N2  - STUDY DESIGN. A critical appraisal of the literature. OBJECTIVES. To increase awareness of the importance of applicability and clinical relevance of the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of spinal disorders by formulating a list of items for assessment of applicability and clinical relevance of results of RCTs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA. In systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), critical appraisal of methodologic quality is considered important. Less attention has been paid to the assessment of the applicability and the clinical relevance of the results. METHODS. RCTs in an update of the Cochrane review on exercise therapy for low back pain were used. Most of the trials did not score positively on the five Cochrane Back Review Group basic items describing patients: intervention and setting, outcome, effect size, and benefits related to adverse effects. Item 1 was met by 88% of the trials, but item 2 only by 51%, item 3 by 67%, item 4 by 35%, and item 5 by 0%. Subsequently, a more comprehensive list of items for the assessment of applicability and clinical relevance of results of RCTs was developed. These criteria were pilot tested on the RCTs. After pilot testing and a subsequent consensus meeting, the list of items was drafted and circulated among the members of the Editorial Board of the Cochrane Back Review Group. Changes were made in response to comments. RESULTS. The final list consists of 40 items. The items are ordered on two headings: Does the report enable the assessment of applicability? Are the study results clinically relevant? We present examples of informative and noninformative reporting of RCTs in order to illustrate how information on applicability and clinical relevance of results can be assessed. CONCLUSIONS. Authors of RCTs should adequately report on items that are essential to assess the applicability and clinical relevance of results. The presented list of items may help clinicians reading RCTs and authors of systematic reviews to draw more balanced conclusions on applicability and clinical relevance of results. copyright2006, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc
SN  - 0362-2436
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 560
T1  - Theoretical bases for critical reading of articles about diagnostic tests in neurology. [Spanish]
A1  - Martinez,Martin P.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006187286 IN - P. Martinez Martin, Seccion de Neuroepidemiologia, Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029 - Madrid; Spain CP - Argentina OT - BASES TEORICAS PARA LA LECTURA CRITICA DE ARTICULOS ACERCA DE PRUEBAS DIAGNOSTICAS EN NEUROLOGIA LG - Spanish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200619
KW  - *Neurologic Disease/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Neurologic Examination
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - consequence
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Embase
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - History
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prediction
KW  - principles
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistics
KW  - test validity
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
EP  - 20
JF  - Saludiciencia.Vol.14(2)()(pp 15-20), 2006.
J1  - Saludiciencia
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 2
N2  - As a consequence of the relevant role of diagnosis in decision making related to clinical practice, research and health management, the review of principles in which judgements about the quality of a diagnostic test are based is very convenient. After reviewing briefly the diagnostic reasoning types and approaches that show how clinical history, examination, experience, and theoretical knowledge may be combined, the main characteristics of a diagnostic test are reviewed. The statistical methods to quantify these properties are also shown. Reliability, understood as stability of results, may be determined by means of such statistics as kappa, interclass correlation coefficient, or percentage of agreement, according to the type of variable. Validity is the test attribute needed for the purpose for which it was designed. Some different aspects of this attribute, such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, etc. may be calculated and each of them is relevant to different aspects of the test validity. Finally a list of possible biases are analysed. It is proposed that if we follow the Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines for critical reading of articles on diagnostic tests, we will be able to assess the quality of a paper on this matter. Copyright copyright Sociedad Iberoamericana de Informacion Cientifica (SIIC), 2006
SN  - 1667-8982
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 561
T1  - Introductory course on getting to know journals and on 'browsing' a research paper: First steps to proficiency in scientific communication
A1  - Matarese,V.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006541706 IN - V. Matarese, UpTo Infotechnologies - Biomedical Editing, Writing and Information Research, Via Battistella 14, I-31053 Pieve di Soligo (Treviso); Italy. E-Mail: vmatarese@uptoit.org CP - Croatia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200647
KW  - *Medical Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Confidence
KW  - content
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responses
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 767
EP  - 775
JF  - Croatian Medical Journal.Vol.47(5)()(pp 767-775), 2006.
J1  - Croatian Medical Journal
VL  - Vol. 47
IS  - 5
N2  - Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of a course that promotes familiarity with biomedical periodicals and teaches efficient reading skills. Methods: A 16-hour course was designed to help inexperienced readers gain confidence navigating the contents of a research paper (instead of reading only abstracts), and make the first steps to critical appraisal. The course consisted of short lessons and small group work in which research papers were read and presented to the class. Participants learned a method called 'browsing' that guides the first, superficial reading of a research paper and substitutes abstract reading. The course was administered to 15 hospital physicians and 40 graduate students of molecular medicine, in 4 separate sessions. Results: At course entry, 45 of 55 participants normally read the abstract before consulting the body of a research paper. An end-of-course questionnaire, completed by 47 participants, revealed that only 3 would still read the abstract first, while 33 would perform browsing, 7 would scan figures and tables, and 4 would consult another section of a paper outside of their research interests; similar responses were given for a research paper within their fields. For 43 participants, the course was effective in developing reading skills. On a final comprehension test, participants had a median score of 69% correct responses (interquartile range, 56%-80%). Conclusion: This introductory course on reading scientific articles is effective in overcoming abstract-only reading and in developing confi-dence with the research literature. Considering participants' subjective evaluation and test scores, the course contents are appropriate for both physicians and young researchers
SN  - 0353-9504
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 562
T1  - The information seeking of on-duty critical care nurses: Evidence from participant observation and in-context interviews
A1  - McKnight,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006208629 IN - Prof. M. McKnight, School of Library and Information Science, Louisiana State University, 269 Coates Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; United States. E-Mail: mmck@lsu.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200620
KW  - *Information Processing
KW  - *Intensive Care Nursing
KW  - *Participant Observation
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Coding
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care Nursing
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Equipment Failure
KW  - Ethnographic Research
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Bed Capacity
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Observation
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Online Analysis
KW  - Online System
KW  - Online Systems
KW  - Participant Observation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Purposive Sample
KW  - quality
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 145
EP  - 151
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - Vol. 94
IS  - 2
N2  - Objectives: An observational study describes on-duty nurses' informative behaviors from the perspective of library and information science, rather than patient care,. It reveals their information sources, the kinds of information they seek, and their barriers to information acquisition. Methods: Participant observation and in-context interviews were used to record in detail fifty hours of the information behavior of a purposive sample of on-duty critical care nurses on twenty-bed critical care unit in a community hospital. The investigator used rigorous ethnographic methods - including open, in vivo, and axial coding - to analyze the resulting rich textual data. Results: The nurses' information behavior centered on the patient, seeking information from people, the patient record, and other systems. The nurses mostly used patient-specific information, but they also used some social and logistic information. They occasionally sought knowledge-based information. Barriers to information acquisition included illegible handwriting, difficult navigation of online systems, equipment failure, unavailable people, social protocols, and mistakes caused by people multitasking while working with multiple complex systems. Although the participating nurses understood and respected evidence-based practice, many believed that taking time to read published information on duty was not only difficult, but perhaps also ethically wrong. They said that a personal information service available to them at all hours of the day or night would be very useful. Conclusions: On-duty critical care nursing is a patient-centric information activity. A major implication of this study for librarians is that immediate professional reference service - including quality and quantity filtering - may be more useful to on-duty nurses than do-it-yourself searching and traditional document delivery are
SN  - 1536-5050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 563
T1  - A review of professional competencies in health promotion: European perspectives
A1  - Meresman,S.
A1  - Colomer-Revuelta,C.
A1  - Barry,M.
A1  - Davies,J.K.
A1  - Lindstrom,B.
A1  - Loureiro,I.
A1  - Mittlemark,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006470251 IN - C. Colomer-Revuelta, Observatorio Salud de la Mujer y del Sistema, Nacional de Salud, DG Agencia de Calidad del SNS, Paseo del Prado 18-20, 28071 Madrid; Spain. E-Mail: ccolomer@msc.es CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200642
KW  - *Health Promotion
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - Australia and New Zealand
KW  - Classification
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - conflict
KW  - Consultation
KW  - context
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Cultural Diversity
KW  - Cultural Factor
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - diversity
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - Empathy
KW  - English
KW  - equity
KW  - Europe
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - History
KW  - History of Medicine
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Information
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Management
KW  - Market
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Expert
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Negotiation
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensitivity Analysis
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Aspect
KW  - Socioeconomics
KW  - Spain
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Wellbeing
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 120
JF  - International Journal of Health Promotion & Education.Vol.44(3)()(pp 113-120), 2006.
J1  - International Journal of Health Promotion & Education
VL  - Vol. 44
IS  - 3
N2  - Competencies have been increasingly used in education and the labour market since the 1970s. Within the Health Promotion framework, however, attempts to discuss specific competencies are rather incipient. This paper aims to introduce a discussion on the most essential and desirable health promotion competencies using the EUMAHP (European Masters in Health Promotion) framework. In preparation of this review, we considered three main sources to lead the identification of health promotion competencies: a) a review of the history, culture and identity of health promotion in Europe, b) an analysis of what competencies could be drawn from the health promotion most significant mile-stones and practice, c) a consultation with health promotion experts, practitioners and trainees. As a result of this exercise a number of competencies were selected and tentatively grouped into the four EUMAHP training core curriculum components: Foundations for Health Promotion (understanding of social, cultural and subjective determinants of health and wellbeing, to identify, document and analyse equity issues, understanding of public sectors, policies and services and understanding of local policies and governments); Health Promotion Practice (to interpret and address cultural and social diversity, to identify, analyse and use scientific evidence; sensitivity towards group and institutional dynamics and ability to deal with such dynamics, democratic and empowering leadership skills, including motivation, dialogue, active and careful listening, empathy and conflict resolution skills, creative and critical thinking, team building and negotiation and partnership building skills, writing skills, to produce and use media resources, language and oratory skills, management skills, planning and monitoring skills); Research Methods (social research skills, to generate and manage socio-economic and epidemiological information, critical appraisal, policy analysis and policy evaluation, technical and report-writing); and European Dimension of Health Promotion (comparative analysis, ability to communicate in a second language, enabling people to use the European context and European cultural diversity as a health promotion resource). Despite the fact that this classification was different to the one used in other competence studies, the results are quite similar to competencies identified by studies made in Australia and New Zealand. Taken into account that these coincidences relate to countries that share cultural similarities with Europe, it can be inferred that the final results are significant and can be useful for further development of the EUMAHP core curriculum and other future developments in health promotion education and training
SN  - 1463-5240
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 564
T1  - Evaluating qualitative papers in a multidisciplinary evidence-based journal club: A pilot study
A1  - Mukherjee,R.A.S.
A1  - Owen,K.
A1  - Hollins,S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006014720 IN - R.A.S. Mukherjee, Department of Mental Health Learning Disability, Division of Mental Health, Social and Developmental Psychiatry, St George's University of London, Tooting, London SW17 0RE; United Kingdom. E-Mail: rmukherj@sgul.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200604
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Mental Health Research
KW  - Article
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse Practitioner
KW  - Organization
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Speech Therapy
KW  - Study
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 34
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.30(1)()(pp 31-34), 2006.
J1  - Psychiatric Bulletin
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 1
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 565
T1  - Principles and perspectives of evidence based practice in physiotherapy. [Polish]
A1  - Plaszewski,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006555460 IN - Dr. M. Plaszewski, Wydial Fizjoterapii WSA w Bielsku-Bialej, ul. A. Frycza-Modrzewskiego 12, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala; Poland. E-Mail: plaszewski@wp.pl CP - Poland OT - PRAKTYKA OPARTA NA DOWODACH - ZASADY I KIERUNKI ROZWOJU EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE W FIZJOTERAPII LG - Polish PT - Journal: Review EM - 200648
KW  - *Physiotherapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Poland
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Professional Organizations
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 14
JF  - Rehabilitacja Medyczna.Vol.10(1)()(pp 9-14), 2006.
J1  - Rehabilitacja Medyczna
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - 1
N2  - Background. Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), integrates individual clinical expertise with the best available evidence from systematic research and patients' preferences. Interventions which have not been well-researched tend to be seen as ineffective. Standards of conduct, publications and appraisal of clinical trials have been established. Access to evidence and tools to its development and critical appraisal are provided by specialized journals, databases, textbooks, courses, online guidelines and research centres. Clinical Evidence is a priority in contemporary health care, including physical medicine and rehabilitation. World Confederation for Physiotherapy and leading national organizations recognize the need for development towards evidence based practice (EBP). Objectives. To provide rationale for acquiring information about EBP in physiotherapy and to review available and WCPT's recommended clinical evidence resources in physiotherapy. Data Sources and Selection. EBP's elements, objectives and standards of proficiency are described in accordance with WCPT's, other professional organizations' and health care institutions' papers and documents. EBM and EBP philosophy backgrounds are based on primary publications in British Medical Journal, other recognized EBM and EBP initiatives and sources of clinical evidence (Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Bandolier Evidence Based Health Care, CEBP, PEDro, Medycyna Praktyczna) and physiotherapy scientific journals. Essential elements (synthesizing, assessing and implementing the evidence) and hierarchies of its sources are presented. Conclusions. EBP provides opportunities to improves physical therapy and patient care, promoting EB standards of care and continuous professional development. Physiotherapists and health service managers should support the development of EBP. copyright ELIPSA-JAIM s.c
SN  - 1427-9622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 566
T1  - Principles of research: limitations of non-randomized studies
A1  - Reeves,B.C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006593997 IN - B.C. Reeves, London; United Kingdom CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200708
KW  - *Clinical Research
KW  - *Surgery
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Article
KW  - Carotid Artery Surgery
KW  - Case Mix
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Embase
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Intermethod Comparison
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - principles
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk Benefit Analysis
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 263
EP  - 267
JF  - Surgery.Vol.24(8)()(pp 263-267), 2006.Date of Publication: 01 AUG 2006.
J1  - Surgery
VL  - Vol. 24
IS  - 8
N2  - This contribution is a sequel to an article in which I described the aim of evaluations of clinical effectiveness, the available study designs, threats to the validity of evaluations from selection and information bias and, in some circumstances, the difficulty of recruiting to randomized controlled trials involving one or more surgical treatments. This contribution should be read with (and not be considered a replacement for) the previous article. I will describe some limitations of controlled non-randomized trials or cohort studies to compare the effectiveness of two or more treatments. These limitations should be considered carefully when choosing a non-randomized study design for an evaluation or critically appraising a study to decide whether or not to act on the evidence it provides. I will not consider case-control, cross-sectional or uncontrolled studies (i.e. case series) or non-randomized cohort studies for other purposes (e.g. for studying aetiology), prognosis or evaluating diagnostic accuracy. copyright 2006
SN  - 0263-9319
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 567
T1  - Clinical use of evidence-based medicine: Searching
A1  - Spier,B.J.
A1  - Feldstein,D.A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006389508 IN - Dr. B.J. Spier, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200636
KW  - *Antihypertensive Agent/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Antihypertensive Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Kidney Disease/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 62571-86-2 (captopril)
KW  - 75847-73-3 (enalapril)
KW  - 76547-98-3,83915-83-7 (lisinopril)
KW  - 87333-19-5 (ramipril)
KW  - Article
KW  - Captopril
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Disease Course
KW  - Embase
KW  - Enalapril/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - Enalapril/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Kidney Function
KW  - Lisinopril
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - Proteinuria
KW  - Ramipril
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 11
JF  - WMJ (Madison, Wis.).Vol.105(5)()(pp 9-11), 2006.
J1  - WMJ (Madison, Wis.)
VL  - Vol. 105
IS  - Madison, Wis.
N2  - By simultaneously searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, and DARE, a well done systematic review by Jafar et al was obtained in a very time efficient manner. This pre-appraised review showed that ACE inhibitors significantly decreased the progression to ESRD in patients with non-diabetic renal disease. Clinical queries search filters allow clinicians to rapidly limit MEDLINE searches to relevant citations with minimal loss of potentially useful citations. Filters (or 'hedges') were used on this MEDLINE search, which found an article by Praga et al that was more specific to our patient. This small, high-quality study showed that ACE inhibitors might prevent a 50% increase in baseline SCr in the more select patient population that has proteinuria and IgAN
SN  - 1098-1861
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 568
T1  - Teaching Evidence-Based Medicine Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Integrating Psychopharmacologic Treatment into the Broad Spectrum of Care
A1  - Chrisman,A.K.
A1  - Enderlin,H.T.
A1  - Lee,Landry K.
A1  - Colvin,J.S.
A1  - DeJohn,M.R.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006581951 IN - Dr. A.K. Chrisman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Child and Family Study Center, 718 Rutherford Street, Durham, NC 27705; United States. E-Mail: chris014@mc.duke.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200652
KW  - *Child Psychiatry
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Psychopharmacology
KW  - 54910-89-3,56296-78-7,59333-67-4 (fluoxetine)
KW  - 59729-33-8 (citalopram)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Autism
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - Bipolar Disorder
KW  - Child
KW  - Citalopram/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Citalopram/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cognitive Therapy
KW  - context
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Depression/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Differential Diagnosis
KW  - Drug Approval
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Safety
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Eating Disorder
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergency Care
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Family
KW  - Fluoxetine/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Fluoxetine/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Food and Drug Administration
KW  - Forensic Medicine
KW  - Generalized Anxiety Disorder
KW  - Goals
KW  - Goals and Objectives
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Disorder
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Major Depression/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Mental Health Center
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
KW  - Oppositional Defiant Disorder
KW  - Patient
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Population
KW  - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Psychiatric Diagnosis
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychopharmacotherapy
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - Separation Anxiety
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Phobia
KW  - Study
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Suicide Attempt
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Tricyclic Antidepressant Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 165
EP  - 181
JF  - Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America.Vol.16(1)()(pp 165-181), 2007.
J1  - Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
VL  - Vol. 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Psychopharmacology is taught in the DUHCAP training program within the context of an EBM model. The curriculum design has incorporated adult learning theory into an integrated format that starts with a case-based learning module followed by the pediatric EBM seminar and then the pediatric psychopharmacology seminar. In a case-based module, first- and second-year child residents work together to develop a differential diagnosis and treatment plan for a patient described in a detailed clinical vignette. A clinical expert who uses the Socratic method to draw information from the fellows and delineate gaps in their knowledge informs this process, which presses fellows to sharpen their analytic skills and stimulates new patient-centered EBM questions. Medication studies, practice guidelines, and treatment algorithms relevant to the case are then critically appraised in the EBM seminar. Finally the pediatric psychopharmacology seminar reviews in-depth details regarding pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety issues, and treatment resistance. This hub of academic activity is linked with spokes of clinical practice in various settings, populations, and modalities. Collaborative care and combined treatments are also reviewed and applied in a seminar on empirically based psychosocial treatments shared with psychology interns as part of the outpatient teaching clinic. Taken together, these threads of teaching methods combined with the goals and objectives of DUHCAP pediatric psychopharmacology create the clinical care experience for the child psychiatry residents. copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 1056-4993
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 569
T1  - An agency capacity model to facilitate implementation of evidence-based behavioral interventions by community-based organizations
A1  - Collins,C.
A1  - Phields,M.E.
A1  - Duncan,T.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006621997 IN - Dr. C. Collins, CDC/DHAP/CBB, Mail Stop E-40, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333; United States. E-Mail: cwc4@cdc.gov CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200701
KW  - *Community Care
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/dm [Disease Management]
KW  - *Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/pc [Prevention]
KW  - assessment
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - control
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Disease Control
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Health Care Utilization
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Human
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mail
KW  - Model
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Public Health Service
KW  - Review
KW  - Telephone
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S16
EP  - S23
JF  - Journal of Public Health Management & Practice.Vol.13(SUPPL.)()(pp S16-S23), 2007.
J1  - Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
VL  - Vol. 13
IS  - SUPPL.
N2  - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions Project to disseminate evidence-based behavioral interventions to community-based HIV prevention providers. Through development of intervention-specific technical assistance guides and provision of face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail technical assistance, a range of capacity-building issues were identified. These issues were linked to a proposed agency capacity model for implementing an evidence-based intervention. The model has six domains: organizational environment, governance, and programmatic infrastructure; workforce and professional development; resources and support; motivational forces and readiness; learning from experience; and adjusting to the external environment. We think this model could be used to implement evidence-based interventions by facilitating the selection of best-prepared agencies and by identifying critical areas of capacity building. The model will help us establish a framework for informing future program announcements and predecisional site visit assessments, and in developing an instrument for assessing agency capacity to implement evidence-based interventions. copyright 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc
SN  - 1078-4659
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 570
T1  - An integrative review of Canadian childhood obesity prevention programmes
A1  - Conroy,S.
A1  - Ellis,R.
A1  - Murray,C.
A1  - Chaw-Kant,J.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2006623429 IN - Dr. S. Conroy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, UEC 6-55E, Edmonton, Alta. T6G 2T4; Canada. E-Mail: sherrill.conroy@ualberta.ca CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200703
KW  - *childhood obesity/pc [Prevention]
KW  - *Health Program
KW  - *Obesity/pc [Prevention]
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Databases
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - Infancy
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Lowest Income Group
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mesh Heading
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Perinatal Period
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Population
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Pregnancy Outcome
KW  - Prenatal Care
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Register
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Sport
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Term Birth
KW  - testing
KW  - Time Series Analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 67
JF  - Obesity Reviews.Vol.8(1)()(pp 61-67), 2007.
J1  - Obesity Reviews
VL  - Vol. 8
IS  - 1
N2  - To examine successful Canadian nursing and health promotion intervention programmes for childhood obesity prevention during gestation and infancy, an integrative review was performed of the literature from 1980 to September 2005. The following databases were used: PubMed; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Controlled Trials Register; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; ACP Journal Club; MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Scopus; Sociological Abstracts; Sport Discus; PsycInfo; ERIC and HealthStar. MeSH headings included: infancy (0-24 months), gestation, gestational diabetes, nutrition, prenatal care, pregnancy, health education, pregnancy outcome, dietary services with limits of Canadian, term birth. Of 2028 articles found, six Canadian childhood obesity prevention programmes implemented during gestation and/or infancy were found; three addressed gestational diabetes with five targeting low-income Canadian urban and/or Aboriginal populations. No intervention programmes specifically aimed to prevent childhood obesity during gestation or infancy. This paucity suggests that such a programme would be innovative and much needed in an effort to stem the alarming increase in obesity in children and adults. Any attempts either to develop new approaches or to replicate interventions used with obese adults or even older children need careful evaluation and pilot testing prior to sustained use within the perinatal period. copyright 2006 The Authors
SN  - 1467-7881
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 571
T1  - Towards evidence-based medical education in Saudi medical schools
A1  - Al-Faris,E.
A1  - Abdulgader,A.
A1  - Alkhenizan,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007067779 IN - Prof. E. Al-Faris, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461; Saudi Arabia. E-Mail: eiad@ksu.edu.sa CP - Saudi Arabia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200711
KW  - *Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Age
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Culture
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information System
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mind
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 432
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.26(6)()(pp 429-432), 2006.
J1  - Annals of Saudi Medicine
VL  - Vol. 26
IS  - 6
N2  - Evidence-based medical education (BEME) is an attitude of mind that entails the creation of a culture in which teachers think critically about what they are doing, look at the best evidence available and on this basis, make decisions about their teaching practice, and subsequently, undertake the necessary revision and change. More medical schools have opened in Saudi Arabia in the last few years than have existed over the last three decades. Currently, the education of health professionals is based on assumption and traditions and rarely on research findings. Medical teaching has evolved from being opinion-based to evidence-based and the art of teaching is rapidly becoming the 'science' of teaching. The need for evidence in our teaching and medical education practices is as important as it is in assessing a new therapy. This approach to education is not only associated with better results in terms of better learning, from the side of the students (the consumers), but also has a wider impact on patient care and the community. Moreover, in this age of accountability, litigations and quality assurance, the need for BEME becomes greater. Some suggestions to implement BEME in Saudi Arabia have been put forward and these are the training of medical education professionals in the use the existing information systems, and disseminating information through the creation of a BEME journal (secondary publication) that publishes a critically appraised summary of medical education articles that are both valid and of immediate clinical use
SN  - 0256-4947
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 572
T1  - Critical appraisal: As simple as ABCD - Identifying patients at high risk of stroke soon after a transient ischemic attack
A1  - Harris,D.R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007005188 IN - Dr. Prof. D.R. Harris, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Canada CP - Canada LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200704
KW  - *Stroke
KW  - *Transient Ischemic Attack
KW  - appraisal
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Disease Association
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - High Risk Patient
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Assessment
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Screening
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1553
EP  - 1555
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - Vol. 52
IS  - 12
SN  - 0008-350X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 573
T1  - Unidisciplinary continuing professional development in a multidisciplinary world: Experiences from practice
A1  - Plastow,N.A.
A1  - Boyes,C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007063059 IN - N.A. Plastow, Mary Seacole Building, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH; United Kingdom. E-Mail: nicola.plastow@brunel.ac.uk CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200710
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Practice
KW  - *Occupational Therapy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - Diaries
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Service
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Manager
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Patient Referral
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Registration
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Teams
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Triangulation
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 322
EP  - 344
JF  - Work Based Learning in Primary Care.Vol.4(4)()(pp 322-344), 2006.
J1  - Work Based Learning in Primary Care
VL  - Vol. 4
IS  - 4
N2  - Continuing professional development (CPD) has become relevant to all Healthcare staff as professional bodies develop processes to revalidate and renew registration based on evidence of lifelong learning and CPD. As a result, the number of practice and professional development groups such as journal clubs, is increasing. Little evidence is available to differentiate between unidisciplinary and multidisciplinary CPD group activities, although by anecdotal reports, the number of unidisciplinary CPD groups appears to be growing. This study aimed to evaluate the value of a unidisciplinary occupational therapy CPD group to its six participants, the multidisciplinary teams in which they worked, and for the service users referred to them. A qualitative approach from a phenomenological perspective was used to explore this previously under-researched area. Triangulation of the data was achieved using postal questionnaires with open questions, the service manager as key informant, and a research diary. Four main themes emerged from the inductive analysis: critical evaluation of practice to improve service delivery, improving communication for mutual learning, developing as a discipline with the multidisciplinary team, and developing clinical skills. The implications of the study both for this uniprofessional group as well as for the multidisciplinary teams in which the occupational therapists worked are discussed, with recommendations made for future practice. copyright 2006 Radcliffe Publishing
SN  - 1740-3715
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 574
T1  - Recording patient data: Get to the point!
A1  - Conti,C.R.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007093551 CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200713
KW  - *Medical Record
KW  - Anamnesis
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Electrocardiogram
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Documentation
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Coding
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Recording
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Thorax Radiography
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 58
JF  - Clinical Cardiology.Vol.30(2)()(pp 57-58), 2007.
J1  - Clinical Cardiology
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 2
N2  - As the student moves on into further training as a house officer, it is important to follow the principles outlined above and not go on endlessly dictating redundant information, thus developing a sloppily written, difficult to understand, ponderous document, that very few will read or remember. If the idea is to communicate with each other about the patient evaluated, the evaluator needs to think critically about the information available before it is recorded. The best advice I can give is to record the information as if you had to write the document. It is amazing how much thoughtfulness this will require and how much this will cut down on redundancy. In other words, get to the point, and remember that quantity does not always equal quality. copyright 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
SN  - 0160-9289
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 575
T1  - Original research in pathology: Judgment, or evidence-based medicine?
A1  - Crawford,J.M.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007103953 IN - Dr. J.M. Crawford, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100275, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275; United States. E-Mail: crawford@pathology.ufl.edu CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200712
KW  - *Pathology
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Age
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analytical Error
KW  - Attention
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Screening
KW  - Clinical Assessment
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - College
KW  - Copyright
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - discipline
KW  - Disease Course
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Florida
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning algorithm
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathological Anatomy
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Quantitative Analysis
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Screening
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - testing
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 104
EP  - 114
JF  - Laboratory Investigation.Vol.87(2)()(pp 104-114), 2007.
J1  - Laboratory Investigation
VL  - Vol. 87
IS  - 2
N2  - Pathology is both a medical specialty and an investigative scientific discipline, concerned with understanding the essential nature of human disease. Ultimately, pathology is accountable as well, as measured by the accuracy of our diagnoses and the resultant patient care outcomes. As such, we must consider the evidence base underlying our practices. Within the realm of Laboratory Medicine, extensive attention has been given to testing accuracy and precision. Critical examination of the evidence base supporting the clinical use of specific laboratory tests or technologies is a separate endeavor, to which specific attention must be given. In the case of anatomic pathology and more specifically surgical pathology, the expertise required to render a diagnosis is derived foremost from experience, both personal and literature-based. In the first instance, knowledge of the linkage between one's own diagnoses and individual patient outcomes is required, to validate the role of one's own interpretations in the clinical course of patients. Experience comes from seeing this linkage first hand, from which hopefully comes wisdom and, ultimately, good clinical judgment. In the second instance, reading the literature and learning from experts is required. Only a minority of the relevant literature is published in pathology journals to which one may subscribe. A substantial portion of major papers relevant to the practice of anatomic pathology are published in collateral clinical specialty journals devoted to specific disease areas or organs. Active effort is therefore required to seek out the literature beyond the domain of pathology journals. In examining the published literature, the essential question then becomes: Does the practice of anatomic pathology fulfill the tenets of 'evidence-based medicine' (EBM)? If the pinnacle of EBM is 'systematic review of randomized clinical trials, with or without meta-analysis', then anatomic pathology falls far short. Our published literature is largely observational in nature, with reports of case series (with or without statistical analysis) constituting the majority of our 'evidence base'. Moreover, anatomic pathology is subject to 'interobserver variation', and potentially to 'error'. Taken further, individual interpretation of tissue samples is not an objective endeavor, and it is not easy to fulfill the role of a 'gold standard'. Both for rendering of an overall interpretation, and for providing the semi-quantitative and quantitative numerical 'scores' which support evidence-based clinical treatment algorithms, the Pathologist has to exercise a high level of interpretive judgment. Nevertheless, the contribution of anatomic pathology to 'EBM' is remarkably strong. To the extent that our judgmental interpretations become data, our tissue interpretations become the arbiters of patient care management decisions. In a more global sense, we support highly successful cancer screening programs, and play critical roles in the multidisciplinary management of complex patients. The true error is for the clinical practitioners of 'EBM' to forget the contribution to the supporting evidence base of the physicians that are Anatomic Pathologists. Finally, the academic productivity of pathology faculty who operate in the clinical realm must be considered. A survey of six North American academic pathology departments reveals that 26% of all papers published in 2005 came from 'unfunded' clinical faculty. While it is likely that their academic productivity is lower than that of 'funded' research faculty, the contribution of clinical faculty to the knowledge base for the practice of modern medicine, and to the academic reputation of the department, must not be overlooked. The ability of clinical faculty in academic departments of pathology to pursue original scholarship must be supported if our specialty is to retain its preeminence as an investigative scientific discipline in the age of EBM. copyright 2007 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved
SN  - 0023-6837
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 576
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical studies and meta-analyses - An educational article on the most important validity criteria according to evidence-based medicine (EbM). [German]
A1  - Czekalla,J.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007081183 IN - Dr. J. Czekalla, Therapeutic Area CNS, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Raiffeisenstr. 8, 41470 Neuss. E-Mail: jczekalla@jacde.jnj.com CP - Germany OT - KRITISCHE BEWERTUNG VON STUDIEN UND METAANALYSEN - DIE WICHTIGSTEN VALIDITATSKRITERIEN DER EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE LG - German PT - Journal: Review EM - 200709
KW  - *Attention Deficit Disorder
KW  - *Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Clinical Practice
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Mental Patient
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Neuroleptic Agent/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - Neuroleptic Agent/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 61
JF  - Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten.Vol.30(2)()(pp 55-61), 2007.
J1  - Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten
VL  - Vol. 30
IS  - 2
N2  - The Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines 'evidence' as 'available facts, circumstances, etc. indicating whether a thing is true or not true.' In conjunction with clinical expertise, which can just be acquired by clinical practice, evidence-based medicine (EbM) is considered as a lifelong learning process which is targeted on adjustment on fast varying medical knowledge by continuous problem-focused learning. Thus, there is an increasing need for medical education due to the systematic assessment of clinical studies by mental health care specialists. The associated methodology has been developed in the eighties by the Cochrane Collaboration in Oxford, whose intention is to compile systematic reviews regarding assessment of therapies as well as to update and publish them. The critical appraisal of clinical studies and meta-analyses is based on validity criteria with regard to study design, biostatistics, study population and interpretation according to Sackett et al., and will be summarized. According to the methods of evidence-based medicine the estimation of clinical benefit by calculation of absolute risk reduction (ARR) und number needed to treat (NNT) will be described with a focus on psychiatric studies and examples. Meanwhile efforts are made by psychiatrists to make decisions on best evidence available at present in combination with clinical expertise
SN  - 0342-9601
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 577
T1  - The quality of reports of critical care meta-analyses in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: An independent appraisal
A1  - Delaney,A.
A1  - Bagshaw,S.M.
A1  - Ferland,A.
A1  - Laupland,K.
A1  - Manns,B.
A1  - Doig,C.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007051605 IN - A. Delaney, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW; Australia CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Review EM - 200708
KW  - *Cochrane Library
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Physician
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
KW  - Validation Process
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 589
EP  - 594
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.Vol.35(2)()(pp 589-594), 2007.
VL  - Vol. 35
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To independently appraise the methodological quality of a sample of reports of meta-analyses that address critical care topics in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews compared with the quality of reports published in regular journals, using a validated assessment instrument, the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). DATA SOURCE: Studies were selected from a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1994 to 2003, using multiple search terms for critical care and sensitive filters to identify meta-analyses. STUDY SELECTION: Two authors independently selected meta-analyses that addressed topics pertinent to critical care medicine. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently extracted the data. The proportion of reports that met each component of the OQAQ was determined, as was the overall quality score. Meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were compared with those published in regular journals. DATA SYNTHESIS: There were 36 reports of meta-analyses in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and 103 reports of meta-analyses published in regular journals; 11 of these were reports of Cochrane reviews. The meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were more likely to fulfill most components of the OQAQ. The median overall OQAQ scores indicated significant methodological problems in the reports regardless of the source of publication, although the reports in the Cochrane database scored higher than those in regular journals (five compared with two, p < .001). Major methodological flaws, notably failure to appropriately refer to the validity of included studies, were found in meta-analyses in both the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and regular journals (44.4% and 79.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the quality of reports of meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews is superior to the quality of reports of meta-analyses published in regular journals, there is significant room for improvement. Clinicians should critically appraise all reports of meta-analyses before considering the results, regardless of the source of publication. Copyright copyright 2007 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 578
T1  - ESPRIT study design and outcomes - A critical appraisal
A1  - Einhaupl,K.M.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007110921 IN - Dr. Prof. K.M. Einhaupl, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Charite, D-13353 Berlin; Germany. E-Mail: karl.einhaeupl@charite.de CP - United Kingdom LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200713
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid Plus Dipyridamole/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid Plus Dipyridamole/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid Plus Dipyridamole/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid Plus Dipyridamole/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/cm [Drug Comparison]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/ct [Clinical Trial]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/do [Drug Dose]
KW  - *Acetylsalicylic Acid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Stroke/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Stroke/pc [Prevention]
KW  - 493-53-8,50-78-2,53663-74-4,53664-49-6,63781-77-1 (acetylsalicylic acid)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Combination Chemotherapy
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Death
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - Drug Efficacy
KW  - Drug Withdrawal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Germany
KW  - Headache/si [Side Effect]
KW  - Heart Infarction
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Ischemia
KW  - journal
KW  - Low Drug Dose
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Monotherapy
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - School
KW  - Secondary Prevention
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Unspecified Side Effect/si [Side Effect]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 271
EP  - 273
JF  - Current Medical Research & Opinion.Vol.23(2)()(pp 271-273), 2007.
J1  - Current Medical Research & Opinion
VL  - Vol. 23
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence is needed to guide therapeutic decisions on patients who had ischaemic cerebral events. The recently published European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial (ESPRIT), an open-label randomised controlled study, compared long-term treatment of patients randomised to aspirin 30-325 mg daily with (n = 1363) or without (n = 1376) dipyridamole 200 mg twice daily. The study found the combination to be superior to aspirin alone (13% vs. 16% events in a composite endpoint of vascular death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or major bleeding; hazard ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.98). In the interpretation of the results, criticism has been raised related to the study design (open-label, change during the study), the study conduct (half of the aspirin patients underdosed, 33% drop-out rate in the combination group, missing information on potential confounders such as protective concomitant medication), and the outcomes (lack of differences in the efficacy outcomes between the intent-to-treat and the on-treatment populations, lack of differences in minor bleedings between treatment groups, borderline statistical significance of primary study endpoint). Further studies are needed to determine the place of aspirin/dipyridamole combinations in the secondary prevention of stroke. copyright 2007 Librapharm Limited
SN  - 0300-7995
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 579
T1  - Medical students and rural general practitioners: Congruent views on the reality of recruitment into rural medicine
A1  - Eley,D.
A1  - Young,L.
A1  - Shrapnel,M.
A1  - Wilkinson,D.
A1  - Baker,P.
A1  - Hegney,D.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007033842 IN - Dr. D. Eley, Rural Clinical Division, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Locked Bag 9009, Toowoomba, QLD 4350; Australia. E-Mail: eleydi@usq.edu.au CP - Australia LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200709
KW  - *General Practice
KW  - *General Practitioner
KW  - *Medical Student
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Career
KW  - consequence
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Manpower
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Job Experience
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medicolegal Aspect
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Queensland
KW  - Retention
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Rural Area
KW  - Rural Health Care
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Working Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 20
JF  - Australian Journal of Rural Health.Vol.15(1)()(pp 12-20), 2007.
J1  - Australian Journal of Rural Health
VL  - Vol. 15
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: In-depth exploration of the perceptions, experiences and expectations of current long-term rural GPs and medical students intent on a rural career, regarding the current and future state of rural medicine. Design: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting: Rural and remote towns in Central and Southern Queensland and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland. Participants: Thirteen rural GPs with 10-40 years experience. Medical students (five second- and seven third-year), all of whom are members of a rural students' club and have an intention to pursue rural practice. Interviews were conducted between August and December 2004. Main outcome measures: Emergent themes relating to participant perceptions of the current and future state of rural medicine. Results: Despite large differences in generation and experience, medical students and rural GPs hold similar perceptions and expectations regarding the current and future state of rural practice. In particular, they cite a lack of professional support at the systems level. This includes specific support for: continuing medical education to obtain and retain the skills necessary for rural practice; dealing with the higher risks associated with procedural work; and consequences of medico-legal issues and workforce shortage issues such as long hours and availability of locums. Conclusions: Issues relating to recruitment and retention of the rural health workforce are identified by both cohorts as relating to professional support. Medical schools and institutional support systems need to join forces and work together to make rural practice a viable career in medicine. copyright 2007 The Authors; Journal Compilation copyright 2007 National Rural Health Alliance Inc
SN  - 1038-5282
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 580
T1  - Executive Summary: The Institute of Medicine Report and the Future of Academic Emergency Medicine: The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and Association of Academic Chairs in Emergency Medicine Panel: Association of American Medical Colleges Annual Meeting, October 28, 2006
A1  - Handel,D.A.
A1  - Sklar,D.P.
A1  - Hollander,J.E.
A1  - Asplin,B.R.
A1  - Hedges,J.R.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - EMBASE UI - 2007101462 IN - Dr. D.A. Handel, Center for Policy Research in Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; United States. E-Mail: handeld@ohsu.edu CP - United States LG - English PT - Journal: Article EM - 200713
KW  - *Emergency Health Service
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - *Medical Society
KW  - Academic Medical Centers
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Child Health Care
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - crowding
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - Embase
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Care
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - Emergency Physician
KW  - Emergency Service
KW  - Emergency Ward
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Quality
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Human
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Interdisciplinary Education
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Outpatient Care
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Priority Journal
KW  - quality
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Role
KW  - Rural Health Care
KW  - Safety
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Strategic Planning
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 261
EP  - 267
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.Vol.14(3)()(pp 261-267), 2007.
VL  - Vol. 14
IS  - 3
N2  - The findings in the Institute of Medicine's Future of Emergency Care reports, released in June 2006, emphasize that emergency physicians work in a fragmented system of emergency care with limited interhospital and out-of-hospital care coordination, too few on-call specialists, minimal disaster readiness, strained inpatient resources, and inadequate pediatric emergency services. Areas warranting special attention at academic medical centers (AMCs), both those included within the report and others warranting further attention, were reviewed by a distinguished panel and include the following: 1) opportunities to strengthen and leverage the educational environment within the AMC emergency department; 2) research opportunities created by emergency medicine (EM) serving as an interdisciplinary bridge in the area of clinical and translational research; 3) enhancement of federal guidelines for observational and interventional emergency care research; 4) recognition of the importance of EM residency training, the role of academic departments of EM, and EM subspecialty development in critical care medicine and out-of-hospital and disaster medicine; 5) further assessment of the impact of a regional emergency care model on patient outcomes and exploration of the role of AMCs in the development of such a model (e.g., geriatric and pediatric centers of EM excellence); 6) the opportunity to use educational loan forgiveness to encourage rural EM practice and the development of innovative EM educational programs linked to rural hospitals; and 7) the need to address AMC emergency department crowding and its adverse effect on quality of care and patient safety. Strategic plans should be developed on a local level in conjunction with support from national EM organizations, allied health care, specialty organizations, and consumer groups to help implement the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine report. The report recommendations and other related recommendations brought forward during the panel discussions should be addressed through innovative programs and policy development at the regional and federal levels. copyright 2007 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 581
T1  - A critical appraisal of the continuous glucose-error grid analysis: response to Wentholt et al 426
A1  - Clarke,W.L.
A1  - Gonder-Frederick,L.
A1  - Cox,D.
A1  - Kovatchev,B.
Y1  - -32676///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17259537 AS - Diabetes Care. 30(2):449-50; author reply 450-1, 2007 Feb JC - eag, 7805975 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Letter
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 449
EP  - 450
JF  - Diabetes Care.Vol.29(1)()(pp 177-178), 2006.
J1  - Diabetes Care
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SN  - 0149-5992
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 582
T1  - The successful journal club 433
A1  - Stapleton,J.J.
Y1  - -32676//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17127160 IN - Podiatry Service, University Hospital, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 150 Bergen Street, A-226, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. jostaple@hotmail.com AS - Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 24(1):51-5, vi, 2007 Jan JC - clo, 8604974 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - competency
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 51
EP  - 55
JF  - Clinics in Podiatric Medicine & Surgery.Vol.24(1)()(pp 51-55), 2007.
J1  - Clinics in Podiatric Medicine & Surgery
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
N2  - Journal club is a structured meeting that is required at a residency program, which is designated to train residents in the necessary skills to evaluate and apply scientific literature critically to clinical decision making. A successful journal club is one in which residents develop competency in evaluating the scientific literature for evidence-based answers that can be applied to clinical questions. The objective in establishing a successful journal club is to build a forum for residents to formulate answers to their clinical questions through the development of essential critical appraisal skills. This article discusses the setting, format, content, and purpose of a successful journal club
SN  - 0891-8422
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 583
T1  - How to read a paper: critical appraisal of studies for application in healthcare
A1  - Makela,M.
A1  - Witt,K.
Y1  - 115//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15735874 IN - Health Technology Assessment at Stakes (Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health), P O Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland. marjukka.makela@stakes.fi AS - Singapore Med J. 46(3):108-14; quiz 115, 2005 Mar JC - uri, 0404516 SB - IM CP - Singapore PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Judgment
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Reading
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Finland
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Population
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Trust
KW  - Validity
KW  - Welfare
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 108
EP  - 114
JF  - Singapore Medical Journal.Vol.47(6)()(pp 456-461), 2006.
J1  - Singapore Medical Journal
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
N2  - Finding and using research results to support your professional decisions must be a systematic process, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine and healthcare. This article takes you through a critical appraisal exercise using a recent article from the British Medical Journal as an example. It describes how you decide whether to read and use an article that may be relevant to your decision. The reading is guided by a series of questions. First you evaluate the validity of the article: is the study conducted and reported so that you may trust the results? The second set of questions discusses the outcomes, the effect of the intervention and describes the use of confidence intervals for this. The possibility of using the research results in the reader's setting and patient population is then evaluated
SN  - 0037-5675
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 584
T1  - Measuring the strategic readiness of intangible assets
A1  - Kaplan,R.S.
A1  - Norton,D.P.
Y1  - 121//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14971269 IN - Harvard Business School, Boston, USA. rkaplan@hbs.edu AS - Harv Bus Rev. 82(2):52-63, 121, 2004 Feb JC - 9875796, gbe SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Accounting/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Organizational Culture
KW  - *Personnel Management/ec [Economics]
KW  - *Professional Competence/ec [Economics]
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - business
KW  - challenge
KW  - Culture
KW  - Economic Competition
KW  - Employee
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Objectives
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Planning Techniques
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 52
EP  - 63
JF  - Harvard Business Review
VL  - 82
IS  - 2
N2  - Measuring the value of intangible assets such as company culture, knowledge management systems, and employees' skills is the holy grail of accounting. Executives know that these intangibles, being hard to imitate, are powerful sources of sustainable competitive advantage. If managers could measure them, they could manage the company's competitive position more easily and accurately. In one sense, the challenge is impossible. Intangible assets are unlike financial and physical resources in that their value depends on how well they serve the organizations that own them. But while this prevents an independent valuation of intangible assets, it also points to an altogether different approach for assessing their worth. In this article, the creators of the Balanced Scorecard draw on its tools and framework--in particular, a tool called the strategy map--to present a step-by-step way to determine "strategic readiness," which refers to the alignment of an organization's human, information, and organization capital with its strategy. In the method the authors describe, the firm identifies the processes most critical to creating and delivering its value proposition and determines the human, information, and organization capital the processes require. Some managers shy away from measuring intangible assets because they seem so subjective. But by using the systematic approaches set out in this article, companies can now measure what they want, rather than wanting only what they can currently measure
SN  - 0017-8012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 585
T1  - Finding and appraising systematic reviews of clinical interventions: critical skills for evidence-based practice. [Review] [6 refs]
A1  - Melnyk,B.M.
Y1  - 125//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12723829 IN - Center for Research & Evidence-Based Practice, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program, University of Rochester School of Nursing and School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. bernadette_melnyk@urmc.rochester.edu AS - Pediatr Nurs. 29(2):147-9, 125, 2003 Mar-Apr JC - oun, 7505804 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Practitioner
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pediatric Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
EP  - 149
JF  - Pediatric Nursing.2005 Jan-Feb; 31(1): 50-2.(3 ref)
J1  - Pediatric Nursing
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SN  - 0097-9805
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 586
T1  - Strategic sourcing: from periphery to the core
A1  - Gottfredson,M.
A1  - Puryear,R.
A1  - Phillips,S.
Y1  - 150//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15724581 IN - mark.gottfredson@bain.com AS - Harv Bus Rev. 83(2):132-9, 150, 2005 Feb JC - 9875796, gbe SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Commerce/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Industry/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Models,Organizational
KW  - *Outsourced Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Administrative Personnel
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - business
KW  - choice
KW  - Commerce/ec [Economics]
KW  - Competition
KW  - Cost
KW  - Creativity
KW  - Economic Competition
KW  - Efficiency,Organizational
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - globalization
KW  - Industry
KW  - Industry/ec [Economics]
KW  - Internationality
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Innovation
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Outsourced Services/td [Trends]
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 132
EP  - 139
JF  - Harvard Business Review
VL  - 83
IS  - 2
N2  - As globalization changes the basis of competition, sourcing is moving from the periphery of corporate functions to the core. Always important in terms of costs, sourcing is becoming a strategic opportunity. But few companies are ready for this shift. Outsourcing has grown so sophisticated that even critical functions like engineering, R&D, manufacturing, and marketing can-and often should-be moved outside. And that, in turn, is changing the way companies think about their organizations, their value chains, and their competitive positions. Already, a handful of vanguard companies are transforming what used to be purely internal corporate functions into entirely new industries. Companies like UPS, Solectron, and Hewitt have created new business models by concentrating scale and skill within a single function. As these and other function-based companies grow, so does the potential value of outsourcing to all companies. Migrating from a vertically integrated company to a specialized provider of a single function is not a winning strategy for everyone. But all companies need to rigorously reassess each of their functions as possible outsourcing candidates. Presented in this article is a simple three-step process to identify which functions your company needs to own and protect, which can be best performed by what kinds of partners, and which could be turned into new business opportunities. The result of such an analysis will be a comprehensive capabilities-sourcing strategy. As a detailed examination of 7-Eleven's experience shows, the success of the strategy often hinges on the creativity with which partnerships are organized and managed. But only by first taking a broad, strategic view of capabilities sourcing can your company gain the greatest benefit from all of its sourcing choices
SN  - 0017-8012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 587
T1  - [Medical standards and guidelines--definitions and functions]. [German]
A1  - Ollenschlager,G.
Y1  - 190/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15250383 IN - Arztliches Zentrum fur Qualitat in der Medizin azq, Koln. ollenschlaeger@azq.de OT - Medizinischer Standard und Leitlinien--Definitionen und Funktionen AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 98(3):176-9; discussion 190-2, 214-5, 2004 May JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cost
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Europe
KW  - Germany
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Standard
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 179
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
N2  - Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist important professional and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific circumstances. The main aim of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) is to promote and support good clinical practice and inform the public about it, while taking into account the resources available. There has always been a body of opinions providing guidance to individual professionals. The novel aspect of evidence-based guidelines is both the systematic way in which they are developed and their explicit nature. CPGs must be developed using state-of-the-art methodology and be critically appraised before implementation is considered, though many use methods that are not robust or of uncertain quality or origin. Such clinical practice guidelines have several primary and secondary functions. They can be employed to support health care decisions and to provide information about cost effectiveness, be referred to in legal proceedings, and they can help to link research, education and practice. All these functions are dependent on each country's societal values and situation. The basic approaches are discussed in more detail according to the recommendations of the Council of Europe published in 2001
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 588
T1  - The reading, writing, and arithmetic of the medical literature, part 2: critical evaluation of statistical reporting. [Review] [14 refs]
A1  - Mansfield,L.
Y1  - 322//03/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16279560 IN - Western Sky Medical Research and Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech Regional Health Science Center, El Paso, Texas, USA. immunman@pol.net AS - Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 95(4):315-21; quiz 322, 380, 2005 Oct JC - cbm, 9503580 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Biomedical Research/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Periodicals/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - power
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Texas
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 315
EP  - 321
JF  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.1997 Oct; 79(4): 283-94, insert 1p.(100 ref)
J1  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To offer suggestions to help improve clinicians' understanding of the statistical analyses in the literature and their use of these methods in their own medical writings. DATA SOURCES: Literature searches began at the National Library of Medicine's online database and were traced to primary sources. STUDY SELECTION: All referenced information in this article was cited from primary sources. RESULTS: Physicians should be able to determine the variables studied and how they were measured, the comparisons that were made, the difference (with 95% confidence interval) between the groups, the exact P value for the difference, the statistical test used in the analysis, whether the data conformed to the assumptions of the test, whether the study had adequate statistical power, and the clinical importance of the difference. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should know how to interpret statistical results so that they can use medical science to its full extent in treating patients. [References: 14]
SN  - 1081-1206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 589
T1  - Rediscovering the value of the journal club
A1  - Kleinpell,R.M.
Y1  - 414//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12233966 AS - Am J Crit Care. 11(5):412, 414, 2002 Sep JC - bum, 9211547 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - Critical Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inservice Training
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Nursing Care/td [Trends]
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
JF  - American Journal of Critical Care.2002 Sep; 11(5): 415-31.(31 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Critical Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SN  - 1062-3264
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 590
T1  - Critically appraised topics and evidence-based medicine journals.[see comment]
A1  - Dawes,M.
Y1  - 449//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16123827 IN - Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 515-517 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3P 2S3. martin.dawes@mcgill.ca CM - Comment in: Singapore Med J. 2005 Sep;46(9):437-9; PMID: 16123825 AS - Singapore Med J. 46(9):442-8; quiz 449, 2005 Sep JC - uri, 0404516 SB - IM CP - Singapore PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Biomedical Research/td [Trends]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Periodicals/td [Trends]
KW  - *Publishing/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - User-Computer Interface
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 442
EP  - 448
JF  - Singapore Medical Journal.Vol.47(6)()(pp 456-461), 2006.
J1  - Singapore Medical Journal
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
SN  - 0037-5675
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 591
T1  - In-house trauma surgeons do not decrease mortality in a level I trauma center
A1  - Fulda,G.J.
A1  - Tinkoff,G.H.
A1  - Giberson,F.
A1  - Rhodes,M.
Y1  - 500/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12352487 IN - Department of Surgery, Christina Care Health Services, Wilmington, Delaware, USA. gfulda@christianacare.org AS - J Trauma. 53(3):494-500; discussion 500-2, 2002 Sep JC - kaf, 0376373 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Hospital Mortality
KW  - *Internship and Residency/ma [Manpower]
KW  - *Medical Staff,Hospital/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - *Trauma Centers/ma [Manpower]
KW  - *Wounds and Injuries/mo [Mortality]
KW  - *Wounds and Injuries/su [Surgery]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Delaware
KW  - Delaware/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Glasgow Coma Scale
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Bed Capacity,500 and over
KW  - Hospital Mortality
KW  - Hospitals,Teaching
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - Injury Severity Score
KW  - Institutional Practice
KW  - journal
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Logistic Regression
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - Regression
KW  - respect
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgery/ma [Manpower]
KW  - Surgery/st [Standards]
KW  - Time
KW  - Time and Motion Studies
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Trauma Centers/st [Standards]
KW  - United States
KW  - Wounds and Injuries/pa [Pathology]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 494
EP  - 500
JF  - Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care.Vol.60(5)()(pp 1145-1148), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: The value of an in-house trauma surgeon is debated. Previous studies focus on comparing in-house and on-call surgeons at different institutions or different periods in time. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously evaluate in-house and on-call trauma surgeons in a single Level I trauma center and to determine the impact of in-house trauma surgeons on the mortality of severely injured patients. METHODS: All records were reviewed for patients classified as major resuscitations from July 1997 through November 1999. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of mortality on the basis of trauma surgeon status (in-house vs. on-call) and response time, while controlling for Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Revised Trauma Score. RESULTS: Of the 4,278 admissions, 537 were trauma codes. Mean ISS was 20.16 +/- 11.59. There was no difference between groups admitted by in-house surgeons versus on-call surgeons with respect to ISS or Revised Trauma Score. Mortality for the group was 24.8% (133 of 537); no statistical difference existed between observed and expected mortality by TRISS. The average response time was 3.96 minutes for the in-house group and 14.70 minutes for the on-call group (p < 0.001). Neither the call status nor the response time of the trauma surgeon significantly decreased emergency department or hospital mortality. There was a trend for improved outcome in those patients cared for by an in-house surgeon who were upgraded to a code, transferred into the institution, admitted during the night, or neurologically impaired. This trend did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: When the trauma surgeon was rapidly available (< 15 minutes), there was no difference in emergency department or hospital mortality between in-house and on-call trauma surgeons. Selected subgroups of severely injured patients may benefit from an in-house trauma surgeon. If trauma surgeons are not readily available in an institution, an in-house call policy may be necessary for the prompt resuscitation of critically ill patients
SN  - 0022-5282
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 592
T1  - Residents managed trauma adequately using their own radiological interpretation as compared with "nighthawk" radiologists
A1  - Ahmed,N.
A1  - Guo,A.
A1  - Elhassan,H.
A1  - Qaiser,R.
A1  - Chung,R.
Y1  - 556/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16966986 IN - Department of Surgery, Huron Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Health System, Cleveland, Ohio 44112, USA. nahmed@cchseast.org AS - J Trauma. 61(3):555-6; discussion 556-7, 2006 Sep JC - kaf, 0376373 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Diagnostic Errors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Radiology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Wounds and Injuries/ra [Radiography]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Contract Services
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - film
KW  - Films
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Staff,Hospital
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Resident
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Tomography,X-Ray Computed
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 555
EP  - 556
JF  - Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care.Vol.60(5)()(pp 1145-1148), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether senior surgical residents can independently interpret radiologic studies for the trauma patients under their care. METHOD: Five senior surgical residents (PGY-4 and -5) participated in this prospective study. The residents independently read trauma films as part of the emergency assessment, documenting their interpretations to be compared with the reports by nighthawk radiologists. RESULTS: During a period of 4 months, 426 films of 124 trauma patients admitted to a Level II trauma center were read by one of the five senior surgical residents, and by nighthawk radiologists. Approximately 22% of these were penetrating injuries and the remainder blunt trauma. Residents identified 127 injuries versus 128 injuries identified by the radiologists, with 99.2% agreement. The residents missed two injuries, while the radiologists missed one. CONCLUSIONS: Senior surgical residents can independently and accurately interpret the trauma radiology studies, a skill essential for time-critical decision making
SN  - 0022-5282
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 593
T1  - Residency training in plastic surgery: a survey of educational goals
A1  - Wanzel,K.R.
A1  - Fish,J.S.
Y1  - 730//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12960852 IN - Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - Plast Reconstr Surg. 112(3):723-9; discussion 730, 2003 Sep JC - 1306050, p9s SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Organizational Objectives
KW  - *Surgery,Plastic/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Ontario
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Training
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching skills
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 723
EP  - 729
JF  - Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.Vol.113(7)()(pp 2122-2123), 2004.
J1  - Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
N2  - With the advent of integrative plastic surgical training programs, requirements for earlier specialization decisions, and an increasing subspecialization within the practice of plastic surgery, the educational goals of residency training may have changed. The duration and extent of training required are also currently being questioned. This study was performed to better understand the necessary roles of plastic surgery residencies and to determine how these demands might optimally be met. Of 151 practicing plastic surgeons in the Ontario, Canada, region, 81 (53.6 percent) responded to a survey. General agreement was that 2 years was an optimal length of time for core surgical training, which should then be followed by at least 3 years of plastic surgical training. Opinions on the ideal length of time training in specific medical and surgical disciplines are discussed. Overall, respondents thought that two thirds of training should occur in tertiary care centers, with the remaining time spent at smaller community centers and private clinics. Nearly half of respondents thought that research training should be a mandatory part of the residency, although the amount of protected time for this activity varied substantially. Most thought that unrestricted elective time should also be available. Academic plastic surgeons rated the importance of research training (p < 0.01), critical appraisal skills (p < 0.05), and teaching skills (p < 0.05) as significantly more important than did their nonacademic colleagues. The authors present results from the Ontario region and a template for determining optimal characteristics for training programs. Further investigation may be of timely importance during a foreseeable future transition from traditional to integrative plastic surgery residency training
SN  - 0032-1052
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 594
T1  - Does EBM offer the best opportunity yet for teaching medical statistics?
A1  - Morris,R.W.
Y1  - 979///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11921003 IN - Royal Free & University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. r.morris@pcps.ucl.ac.uk AS - Stat Med. 21(7):969-77; discussion 979-81, 983-84, 2002 Apr 15 JC - sim, 8215016 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Statistics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate/td [Trends]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - School
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Teaching
KW  - trends
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 969
EP  - 977
JF  - Statistics in Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 7
N2  - Trends in the teaching of statistics to medical undergraduates since the 1970s are traced. I conclude that the aim of enabling doctors to evaluate statistical information relevant to their practice preceded the arrival of evidence-based medicine (EBM). However this aim was not well realized before 1990. EBM has given an enormous opportunity for statisticians to teach critical appraisal and to orientate future doctors towards evidence-based practice. This advantage should outweigh any disadvantage of loss of our discipline's identity in modern curricula. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
SN  - 0277-6715
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 595
T1  - Medical students' perspective on the teaching of medical statistics in the undergraduate medical curriculum
A1  - Astin,J.
A1  - Jenkins,T.
A1  - Moore,L.
Y1  - 1007//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11921009 IN - University of Bristol Medical School, University Walk, Bristol, UK AS - Stat Med. 21(7):1003-6; discussion 1007, 2002 Apr 15 JC - sim, 8215016 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Statistics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - small groups
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1003
EP  - 1006
JF  - Statistics in Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 7
N2  - Two undergraduate medical students at the University of Bristol commented on their experiences of learning medical statistics. In general, medical students' focus is on acquiring skills needed to practice clinical medicine, and great care must be taken to explain why disciplines such as statistics and epidemiology are relevant to this. Use of real examples and an emphasis on the need for evidence has meant that medical students are increasingly aware of the pressure on clinicians to justify their treatment decisions, and the associated need to be able to understand and critically appraise medical research. It was felt that medical statistics courses should focus on critical appraisal skills rather than on the ability to analyse data, which can be acquired by particular students when they need to do this. Medical statistics should be taught early in the curriculum, but there is a need to reinforce such skills throughout the course. Teaching and assessment methods should recognize that what is being taught is a practical skill of clinical relevance. This means that problem based small groups, data interpretation exercises and objective structured clinical examinations will be more productive than traditional teaching and examination methods. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
SN  - 0277-6715
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 596
T1  - An introduction to nursing research through an OR nursing journal club
A1  - Speers,A.T.
Y1  - 1235//12/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10376092 IN - Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA AS - AORN J. 69(6):1232, 1235, 1236, 1999 Jun JC - 6jr, 0372403 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Perioperative Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Research
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1232
JF  - AORN Journal.1999 Jun; 69(6): 1232, 1235-6.(11 ref)
J1  - AORN Journal
VL  - 69
IS  - 6
SN  - 0001-2092
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 597
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: applications in dietetic practice
A1  - Gray,G.E.
A1  - Gray,L.K.
Y1  - 1272//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12792624 IN - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1720 E. 120th Street-AFH 1021, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. grgray@cdrewu.edu AS - J Am Diet Assoc. 102(9):1263-72; discussion 1272, 2002 Sep JC - h6f, 7503061 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dietetics/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Research Design
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - credibility
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Diet
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Science
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1263
EP  - 1272
JF  - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
VL  - 102
IS  - 9
N2  - Evidence-based medicine has been defined as "the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." Evidence-based practice requires the ability to apply knowledge of medical informatics (eg, efficiently searching the medical literature) and clinical epidemiology (eg, being able to critically appraise the literature) to the treatment of individual patients. Being able to apply the principles of evidence-based medicine in the dietetic practice adds to the credibility and value of dietetics professionals, is consistent with the dietetic code of ethics, and is empowering. This article provides an introduction to the history, philosophy, and methods of evidence-based medicine as applied to the dietetic practice. This article focuses on a 5-step process to finding the best evidence to answer clinical questions: (a) formulate the question, (b) search for answers, (c) appraise the evidence, (d) apply the results, and (e) assess the outcome. We describe the 4S methodology-a systematic approach to efficiently finding the best evidence to answer clinical questions involving the use of systems (comprehensive, evidence-based resources), synopses (compilations of structured abstracts of high-quality studies), syntheses (systematic reviews), and studies (original research articles). Particular emphasis is given to a method for critically appraising papers that emphasizes validity, importance, and clinical applicability. Resources (including Web sites) for further learning are provided. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:1263-1272
SN  - 0002-8223
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 598
T1  - Food allergy and the introduction of solid foods to infants: a consensus document. Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.[see comment]. [156 refs]
A1  - Fiocchi,A.
A1  - Assa'ad,A.
A1  - Bahna,S.
A1  - Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee
A1  - American College of Allergy,Asthma and Immunology
Y1  - 1921//07/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16892776 IN - American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Melloni Paediatria, University of Milan Medical School, Melloni Hospital, Milan, Italy. allerg@tin.it CM - Comment in: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Oct;97(4):559-60; author reply 561-2; PMID: 17069116 AS - Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 97(1):10-20; quiz 21, 77, 2006 Jul JC - cbm, 9503580 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Consensus Development Conference PT - Journal Article PT - Practice Guideline PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Breast Feeding
KW  - *Food Hypersensitivity/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Infant Food
KW  - 0 (Allergens)
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Allergens/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Animals
KW  - Arachis hypogaea/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Author
KW  - Cattle
KW  - Cereals/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Chickens
KW  - Child Nutrition Physiology
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - College
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Consensus Development
KW  - Dairy Product
KW  - Dairy Products/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - data
KW  - Diet
KW  - Egg
KW  - Eggs/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Feeding
KW  - Fish
KW  - Food Allergen
KW  - Food Hypersensitivity/et [Etiology]
KW  - Fruit/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Food/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Meat/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medline
KW  - Milk Hypersensitivity/et [Etiology]
KW  - Milk Hypersensitivity/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Nut
KW  - Nuts/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Organization
KW  - Peanut
KW  - Pediatrician
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Seafood/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Solid
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - timing
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vegetables/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Weaning
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 20
JF  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.1997 Oct; 79(4): 283-94, insert 1p.(100 ref)
J1  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
VL  - 97
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To make recommendations based on a critical review of the evidence for the timing of the introduction of solid foods and its possible role in the development of food allergy. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE searches using the following search algorithm: [weaning AND infant AND allergy]/[food allergy AND sensitization]/[dietary prevention AND food allergy OR allergens]/[Jan 1980-Feb 2006]. STUDY SELECTION: Using the authors' clinical experience and research expertise, 52 studies were retrieved that satisfied the following conditions: English language, journal impact factor above 1 or scientific society, expert, or institutional publication, and appraisable using the World Health Organization categories of evidence. RESULTS: Available information suggests that early introduction can increase the risk of food allergy, that avoidance of solids can prevent the development of specific food allergies, that some foods are more allergenic than others, and that some food allergies are more persistent than others. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians and allergists should cautiously individualize the introduction of solids into the infants' diet. With assessed risk of allergy, the optimal age for the introduction of selected supplemental foods should be 6 months, dairy products 12 months, hen's egg 24 months, and peanut, tree nuts, fish, and seafood at least 36 months. For all infants, complementary feeding can be introduced from the sixth month, and egg, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and seafood introduction require caution. Foods should be introduced one at a time in small amounts. Mixed foods containing various food allergens should not be given unless tolerance to every ingredient has been assessed. [References: 156]
SN  - 1081-1206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 599
T1  - Using Six Sigma to improve the film library
A1  - Benedetto,A.R.
A1  - Dunnington,J.S.
A1  - Oxford-Zelenske,D.
Y1  - 1936/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12422660 IN - Vascular Interventional Group, Guidant Corporation, Houston, Texas, USA AS - Radiol Manage. 24(5):26-35; quiz 36-8, 2002 Sep-Oct JC - 8001971, qsj, 8001971 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Libraries,Hospital/st [Standards]
KW  - *Radiology Department,Hospital/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Radiology Information Systems/st [Standards]
KW  - *Total Quality Management
KW  - *X-Ray Film
KW  - Academic Medical Centers
KW  - Affect
KW  - Archives
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Collection Methods
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - Education,Continuing
KW  - Efficiency,Organizational
KW  - Employee
KW  - Employee Performance Appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - film
KW  - Goals
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Organization
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Policy
KW  - problems
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teams
KW  - Technique
KW  - Texas
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 26
EP  - 35
JF  - Radiology Management
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
N2  - The film library of a film-based radiology department is a mission-critical component of the department that is frequently underappreciated and under-staffed. A poorly performing film library causes operational problems for not only the radiology department, but for the institution as a whole. Since Six Sigma techniques had proved successful in an earlier CT throughput improvement project, the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Division of Diagnostic Imaging decided to use Six Sigma techniques to dramatically improve the performance of its film library. Nine mini-project teams were formed to address the basic operating functions of the film library. The teams included film library employees, employees from other sections of radiology, employees from stakeholders outside of radiology, and radiologists and referring physicians, as appropriate to the team's mission. Each Six Sigma team developed a process map of the current process, reviewed or acquired baseline quantitative data to assess the current level of performance, and then modified the process map to incorporate their recommendations for improving the process. An overall project steering committee reviewed recommendations from each Six Sigma team to assure that all of the teams' efforts were coordinated and aligned with the overall project goals. The steering committee also provided advice on implementation strategies, particularly for changes that would have an immediate effect on stakeholders outside of the radiology department. After implementation of recommendations, quantitative data were collected again to determine if the changes were having the desired effect. Improvement in both quantitative metrics and in employee morale have been experienced. We continue to collect data as assurance that the improvements are being sustained over the long haul. Six Sigma techniques, which are as quantitatively-based as possible, are useful in a service-oriented organization, such as a film library. The primary problem we encountered was that most of the important film library customer services are not automatically captured in the RIS or in any other information system. We had to develop manual data collection methods for most of our performance metrics. These collection methods were burden-some to the frontline employees who were required to collect the data. Additionally, we had to invest many hours of effort into assuring that the data were valid since film library employees rarely have the educational background to readily grasp the importance of the statistical methods employed in Six Sigma. One of the most important lessons we learned was that film library employees, including supervisory personnel, must be held accountable for their performance in a manner that is objective, fair and constructive. The best methods involved feedback collected by the employees themselves in the ordinary course of their duties. Another important lesson we learned was that film library employees, as well as stakeholders outside of the film library, need to understand how important the film library is to the smooth functioning of the entire institution. Significant educational efforts must be expended to show film library employees how their duties affect their film library co-workers and the institution's patients. Physicians, nurses and employees outside of the film library must do their part too, which requires educational efforts that highlight the importance of compliance with film library policies
SN  - 0198-7097
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 600
T1  - Critical appraisal tools facilitate the work of the quality professional
A1  - Byers,J.F.
A1  - Beaudin,C.L.
Y1  - 1940/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11565170 IN - University of Central Florida, USA. jbyers@mail.ucf.edu AS - J Healthc Qual. 23(5):35-8, 40-3, 2001 Sep-Oct JC - bbo, 9202994 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Health Services Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Benchmarking/mt [Methods]
KW  - Cats
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - expertise
KW  - Florida
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Health Services Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Performance
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
EP  - 38
JF  - Journal for Healthcare Quality
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
N2  - Quality management activities involve the application of scientific principles to performance improvement activities. With the plethora of available information, a systematic approach to evaluating the quality and usefulness of sources is necessary. One approach is critical appraisal, which is used to search for the best evidence or integrate evidence with clinical expertise. Two critical appraisal tools (CATs) are presented here, the first for any original clinical or health services research study and the second for research synthesis. The CAT scoring system and summaries of reviewed references facilitate understanding of the "state of the science" in the areas of interest
SN  - 1062-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 601
T1  - The reading, writing, and arithmetic of the medical literature, part 3: critical appraisal of primary research. [Review] [29 refs]
A1  - Mansfield,L.
Y1  - 1944/06/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16440526 IN - Western Sky Medical Research and Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech Regional Health Science Center, El Paso, Texas, USA. immunman@pol.net AS - Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 96(1):7-15; quiz 15-6, 44, 2006 Jan JC - cbm, 9503580 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Authorship
KW  - Biomedical Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Clinical Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Texas
KW  - United States
KW  - users
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
KW  - Writing/st [Standards]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
JF  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.1997 Oct; 79(4): 283-94, insert 1p.(100 ref)
J1  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
VL  - 96
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To offer suggestions that will help clinicians improve their scrutiny of the medical literature and apply these suggestions to their own medical writings. DATA SOURCES: Literature searches began at the National Library of Medicine's online database and were traced to primary sources. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were selected for their ability to provide historical background, discuss the aspects of study design and statistical analysis, and explore important facets of reading and writing medical manuscripts. RESULTS: Physician readers will become more proficient in their skills as both users and creators of the medical literature. CONCLUSIONS: Reading and interpretation of the medical literature requires a set of skills that can be learned. Similarly, good medical writing skills can be developed. Achieving these skills will enhance the clinician's practice of medicine. [References: 29]
SN  - 1081-1206
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 602
T1  - Evidence-based neurosurgery. [Review] [61 refs]
A1  - Haines,S.J.
Y1  - 1947//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12493099 IN - Department of Neurological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. hainesj@musc.edu AS - Neurosurgery. 52(1):36-47; discussion 47, 2003 Jan JC - nzl, 7802914 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Neurosurgery/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Critical Pathways/td [Trends]
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics,Medical
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - History
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurosurgery
KW  - Neurosurgery/td [Trends]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care/td [Trends]
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/td [Trends]
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 36
EP  - 47
JF  - Neurosurgery
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The evidence-based medicine movement is gaining influence in many medical specialties. Although many think that clinical medicine always has been based on evidence, the discipline of evidence-based medicine places particular emphasis on a defined set of principles of critical analysis of individual research reports, methodologically rigorous synthesis of multiple reports, and the collection and dissemination of evidence repositories that allow rapid application of evidence in practice. This article provides a selective introduction to the discipline of evidence-based medicine as it applies to neurological surgery. METHODS: The vast literature on evidence-based medicine has been reviewed selectively to identify resources that are readable, accessible, and relevant to neurosurgery. RESULTS: The history, concepts, and techniques of evidence-based medicine are presented in brief, and educational and methodological resources, as well as evidence repositories, are introduced. CONCLUSION: The techniques of evidence-based medicine are relevant to neurological surgery. There is a relatively large repository of critically analyzed and summarized evidence that is useful to the neurosurgical practitioner. Familiarity with these techniques and repositories can help the neurosurgeon bring the best available evidence to bear on the care of individual patients. [References: 61]
SN  - 0148-396X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 603
T1  - Clinical practice guidelines. Finding and appraising useful, relevant recommendations for geriatric care
A1  - Fields,S.D.
Y1  - 1964//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10659074 IN - State University of New York at Stony Brook, School of Medicine, USA AS - Geriatrics. 55(1):59-63; quiz 64, 2000 Jan JC - 2985102r, fo1 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Geriatrics
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Geriatric Care
KW  - Government
KW  - Government Agencies
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - New York
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
JF  - Geriatrics
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
N2  - Practicing effective evidence-based medicine in the geriatric setting depends on routine review of the current literature and critical analysis of its relevance to the patient and condition in question. Clinical guidelines facilitate this approach and are readily available from an array of print and electronic resources. The recent growth in the number of published guidelines by medical associations, government agencies, and healthcare organizations makes determining their validity and applicability a challenging proposition. The Internet provides one of the most effective tools for quickly finding evidence-based guidelines. Appraisal involves several fundamental steps that can aid in determining whether the guidelines are valid--based on "best evidence"--and clinically relevant
SN  - 0016-867X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 604
T1  - Pulmonary emboli risk reduction. [Review] [14 refs]
A1  - Epley,D.
Y1  - 1969///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11249288 IN - School of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4310, USA AS - J Vasc Nurs. 18(2):61-8; quiz 69-70, 2000 Jun JC - aw8, 9014475 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Pulmonary Embolism
KW  - Abdomen
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - consequence
KW  - Death
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Florida
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - Management
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - play
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Pulmonary Embolism/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Pulmonary Embolism/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Pulmonary Embolism/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Symptom
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Venous Thrombosis/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Venous Thrombosis/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Venous Thrombosis/pc [Prevention & Control]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 68
JF  - Journal of Vascular Nursing
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - Pulmonary embolism is a major cause of death in hospitalized patients in the United States. Significant morbidity is a characteristic of this phenomenon and its common antecedent, deep venous thrombosis. Research has shown that pulmonary embolism is rarely a consequence of superficial venous thrombosis. Because the signs and symptoms of these disorders are often nonspecific and not readily apparent, prevention is the goal of patient care. Nurses play a critical role in the prevention process. The recognition of persons at risk, the assessment of these patients for early signs and symptoms, and the institution of prophylactic measures to minimize the effect of any existing factors or to deter their development are essential components of nursing care. The administration of anticoagulation therapy, with the concomitant monitoring of its effectiveness, and the education of persons regarding precautions associated with the indicated medications and relevant lifestyle modifications are also fundamental aspects of care. This article provides a review of risk factors associated with pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis, particularly prolonged immobility and surgery involving the abdomen or lower extremities, as well as a review of the respective etiologies, most notably those encompassing Vichow's triad. In addition, current modalities to diagnose, treat, and prevent these allied disorders are discussed, as well as the associated nursing management. [References: 14]
SN  - 1062-0303
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 605
T1  - [Critical appraisal of Jones's criteria in the diagnosis of rheumatism]. [Italian] 402
A1  - Chiappo,G.F.
A1  - Mignone,F.
A1  - Remogna,M.
Y1  - 1973/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17343166 IN - I Clinica Pediatrica dell'Universita di Torino OT - Valutazione critica dei criteri di Jones nella guida alla diagnosi della malattia reumatica AS - Arch Sci Med (Torino). 130(4):264-9, 1973 Oct-Dec JC - 8fu, 0372451 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Literature
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 264
EP  - 269
JF  - Archivio Per Le Scienze Mediche
VL  - 130
IS  - 4
N2  - Jones's criteria for rheumatism diagnosis are reviewed in the light of clinical and statistical data. Views expressed in the literature are presented, together with a personal case. It is submitted that no suggestion of absolute value can be admitted for criteria of this type. Complete evaluation of the clinical and, in the case in point, the laboratory data is essential
SN  - 0004-0312
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 606
T1  - The New Adult Reading Test-Revised: accuracy in estimating WAIS-R IQ scores obtained 3.5 years earlier from normal older persons 644
A1  - Berry,D.T.
A1  - Carpenter,G.S.
A1  - Campbell,D.A.
A1  - Schmitt,F.A.
A1  - Helton,K.
A1  - Lipke-Molby,T.
Y1  - 1994/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 14589578 IN - Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044, USA AS - Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 9(3):239-50, 1994 May JC - 9004255 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Kentucky
KW  - psychology
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 239
EP  - 250
JF  - Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
N2  - Scores on the New Adult Reading Test-Revised (NART-R) were used to estimate WA1S-R IQ scores obtained approximately 3.5 years earlier from 54 normal older persons (M = 68 y; SD = 8.6). NART-R estimated IQ scores correlated reliably with earlier obtained IQ scores: FS1Q r = 0.70; VIQ r = 0.68; PIQ r = 0.61 (all p's < 0.05). NART-R estimated FSIQs underpredicted obtained FSIQs by an average of 3.8 points (SD = 9.3). The correlation between estimated and obtained FSIQ is fairly high and estimated FSIQ is reasonably close to obtained IQ, despite the considerable length of time passing between WAIS-R and NART-R administration. These results represent the first confirmation of the retrospective accuracy of the NART-R in estimating WAIS-R scores across time, a previously untested but critical assumption for clinical application of this approach. These results also apparently represent the first cross-validation of the NART-R in a sample of older Americans. These results suggest that further research on the clinical utility of the NART-R is warranted
SN  - 0887-6177
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 607
T1  - Critical thinking in nursing: classroom tactics that work
A1  - Abegglen,J.
A1  - O'Neill,Conger C.
Y1  - 1997/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9413815 IN - Brigham Young University, College of Nursing, Provo, UT 84602-5423, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 36(10):452-8, 1997 Dec JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Author
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Community Health Nursing
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humans
KW  - Insight
KW  - Interpersonal Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - National League for Nursing
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - problems
KW  - Risk-Taking
KW  - Self Assessment (Psychology)
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Responsibility
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Utah
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 452
EP  - 458
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 10
N2  - Critical thinking ability is one of the required outcomes of nursing education and content coverage is a focus of the past (National League for Nursing, 1996). As educators, we must attend to how we define critical thinking, what educational methods support its development, and how we can assure that students have achieved some acceptable level of critical thinking skill (Tanner, 1993). This article describes the emergent development of one critical thinking format in a Community Health Nursing course. Rather than approaching critical thinking from a theoretical perspective or focusing on one type of assignment or experience as a tool to foster critical thinking development in nursing courses, this article shares with the reader a complete package. Problems, pitfalls, new insights, and changes are shared as they developed through the teaching of a semester-long Community Health Nursing course. The authors hope their experiences give faculty ideas about how to infuse critical thinking into nursing curricula
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 608
T1  - Using systematic reviews in clinical education.[see comment]
A1  - Badgett,R.G.
A1  - O'Keefe,M.
A1  - Henderson,M.C.
Y1  - 1997/06/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9163290 IN - University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA CM - Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1998 Feb 1;128(3):245; PMID: 9454539 AS - Ann Intern Med. 126(11):886-91, 1997 Jun 1 JC - 0372351, 5a6 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Texas
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 886
EP  - 891
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 126
IS  - 11
N2  - Traditional educational methods change clinical practice only with considerable effort and difficulty. In particular, the teaching of critical appraisal in the setting of journal clubs does not increase the amount of medical research read by trainees. Experiential learning theory, corroborated by the success of problem-based learning, encourages us to link learning to the numerous medical questions that physicians generate while providing patient care. Systematic reviews can link these questions with the results of research that would otherwise be difficult to locate, read, and appraise. Systematic reviews are a uniquely powerful mechanism for teaching, and they offer teachers a new opportunity to model rational and effective use of information. Systematic reviews should be made available at clinical sites for use during "teachable moments." Resistance to the use of systematic reviews can be reduced by using existing journal clubs to teach about the strengths and limitations of these reviews. The point that systematic reviews are meant to assist, not replace, clinical decision making deserves emphasis in such teaching
SN  - 0003-4819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 609
T1  - Use of meta-analysis as a teaching strategy in nursing research courses
A1  - Beck,C.T.
Y1  - 1997/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9029423 IN - College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881-0814, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 36(2):87-90, 1997 Feb JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - Consumer
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Rhode Island
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 87
EP  - 90
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
N2  - In order to become knowledgeable consumers of nursing research, nursing students must be able to critically read research and determine the study's value for nursing practice. As the number of nursing intervention studies rises and research topics are studied more extensively, the use of meta-analysis in the discipline of nursing will also increase. The same scientific rigor demanded of other types of research must be applied to meta-analysis. In this article two teaching strategies using meta-analysis are shared for sharpening both undergraduate and graduate nursing students' critiquing skills. On the undergraduate level, nursing students can assess the quality of the studies included in a particular meta-analysis. On the graduate level, students can use an appraisal checklist of criteria for evaluating the actual meta-analysis
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 610
T1  - Breastfeeding education for early discharge: a three-tiered approach
A1  - Biancuzzo,M.
Y1  - 1997/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9391363 IN - Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA AS - J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 11(2):10-22, 1997 Sep JC - jpn, 8801387 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Breast Feeding
KW  - *Mothers/ed [Education]
KW  - *Patient Discharge
KW  - *Patient Education
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - journal
KW  - Lactation
KW  - Learning
KW  - Milk
KW  - Mother
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 22
JF  - Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - Discharge teaching has presented many challenges since 48-hour stays have become routine for uncomplicated obstetric patients and their term infants. Sleepy infants, lack of maternal psychologic readiness, and lack of a full milk supply may frustrate efforts to teach breastfeeding during this limited time frame. The key is to develop a three-tiered teaching approach that includes affective, psychomotor, and cognitive learning during the antepartum, immediate postpartum, and long-term postpartum course. This approach focuses on: (1) the mother's critical concerns and the infant's critical biologic needs during breastfeeding initiation and (2) a collaborative approach that enhances the overall success of breastfeeding continuation
SN  - 0893-2190
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 611
T1  - Use of the clinical exemplar in performance appraisals
A1  - Black,P.J.
Y1  - 1997/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9325873 IN - Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA AS - Neonat Netw. 16(5):73-8, 1997 Aug JC - 8503921 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Employee Performance Appraisal
KW  - *Neonatal Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - children
KW  - Climate
KW  - Clinical Exemplars
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Florida
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Personnel
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Infant,Premature
KW  - Infant,Premature,Diseases/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - professionals
KW  - reform
KW  - Skill
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
EP  - 78
JF  - Neonatal Network - Journal of Neonatal Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
N2  - Clinical exemplars enable nurses to demonstrate the critical thinking and decision making that define the delivery of excellent patient care. Exemplars are an important tool for making the invisible work of nursing visible to nursing colleagues, other health care professionals, and the health care consumer. In today's climate of health care reform, nurses must showcase their skills and talents if they are not to be replaced with less well trained, unlicensed health care personnel
SN  - 0730-0832
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 612
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine]. [Spanish]
A1  - Bonfill,X.
A1  - Gabriel,R.
A1  - Cabello,J.
Y1  - 1997/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9470447 IN - Centro Cochrane Espanol, Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid. Xbonfill@siberia.chpt.es OT - La medicina basada en la evidencia AS - Rev Esp Cardiol. 50(12):819-25, 1997 Dec JC - rtd, 0404277 SB - IM CP - SPAIN PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Myocardial Infarction/th [Therapy]
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 819
EP  - 825
JF  - Revista Espanola de Cardiologia
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
N2  - This paper presents the origins and the concepts in which the paradigm of a new line of clinical reasoning "Evidence Based Medicine", is based. We describe its basic components such as: problem-oriented clinical policy formulation; information retrieval distillation and synthesis of the medical literature; critical appraisal of the evidence and clinical application. Additionally, we describe them already well established, for promoting and Evidence Based Clinical Practice. We particularly focus on the so called "Cochrane Collaboration", an international initiative whose mission is to prepare, maintain and disseminate systematic and updated reviews of the effects of health care
SN  - 0300-8932
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 613
T1  - A strategy for teaching research to adult branch diploma students
A1  - Burrows,D.E.
A1  - Baillie,L.
Y1  - 1997/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9087020 IN - University of Luton, High Wycombe, Bucks, UK AS - Nurse Educ Today. 17(1):39-45, 1997 Feb JC - ned, 8511379 SB - N CP - SCOTLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 45
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
N2  - Given the requirement for diploma students to 'use relevant literature and research to inform the practice of nursing' (Statutory Instrument No. 1456 1989 p 5), it is imperative that nurse educators develop effective strategies to promote student interest in research, and develop the knowledge and skills required to understand and use research in practice. This article presents the teaching strategy developed for adult branch students at one college of nursing. The strategy is based on the use of journal clubs and presentations of individuals' research. Both the organizational strategy, and the process adopted are described in some detail. A discussion on the underlying rationale and an evaluation to date are incorporated
SN  - 0260-6917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 614
T1  - Facilitation: a concept analysis. [Review] [36 refs]
A1  - Burrows,D.E.
Y1  - 1997/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9044016 IN - University of Luton, High Wycombe, England AS - J Adv Nurs. 25(2):396-404, 1997 Feb JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Concept Analysis
KW  - consequence
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Facilitation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Paper
KW  - Psychology,Educational
KW  - Reflection
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Terminology
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 396
EP  - 404
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
N2  - The term 'facilitation' appears to be open to a wide variety of definitions and interpretations. If teachers are to act as facilitators of learning they need a clearer understanding of facilitations as a strategy for nursing education. This concept analysis uses Walker and Avant's framework. Following a review of the literature related to facilitation, the paper postulates that there are four critical attributes for effective facilitation: genuine mutual respect; a partnership in learning; a dynamic, goal-orientated process; and critical reflection. The necessary antecedents and likely consequences are identified. Model and alternative cases are offered. A distinction is made between educational facilitation and facilitation in counselling. Recommendations are given regarding the future development of empirical referents. To enhance the reader's understanding of concept analysis, the paper incorporates a reflection on the process, together with a discussion of the way in which decisions regarding the attributes were reached. [References: 36]
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 615
T1  - Development of a radiology faculty appraisal instrument by using critical incident interviewing
A1  - Collins,J.
A1  - Albanese,M.A.
A1  - Thakor,S.K.
A1  - Propeck,P.A.
A1  - Scanlan,K.A.
Y1  - 1997/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9412691 IN - Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Clinical and Medical Science Centers, Madison, USA AS - Acad Radiol. 4(12):795-801, 1997 Dec JC - clv, 9440159 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Faculty,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Radiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - content
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Performance
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Resident
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 795
EP  - 801
JF  - Academic Radiology
VL  - 4
IS  - 12
N2  - RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a valid and reliable radiology faculty appraisal instrument based on scientific methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen radiology residents participated in critical incident interviewing. During a 1-hour interview, a resident was asked to describe five incidents each of effective and ineffective faculty behavior. Two investigators independently listened to the tape-recorded interviews, and two different investigators sorted the incidents into broad categories. A faculty appraisal instrument was developed by listing similar incidents under broad categories. A five-point rating scale was applied to each item. Content validity was assessed by resident and faculty critique of the appraisal instrument. RESULTS: A total of 168 incidents of faculty behavior were generated. The frequency with which similar incidents were reported was recorded. The most common behaviors reported were related to staff expertise and teaching. Interjudge reliability was good, as determined by computing K indices of agreement (overall K = 0.59). There was good agreement regarding instrument content validity among residents but not among faculty. CONCLUSION: Residents supported the use of the new appraisal instrument, but further tests of validity and reliability and faculty acceptance of the instrument will determine its usefulness as a tool for monitoring faculty teaching performance and making decisions regarding faculty promotion
SN  - 1076-6332
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 616
T1  - Health practices of critical care nurses: are these nurses good role models for patients?[see comment]
A1  - Connolly,M.A.
A1  - Gulanick,M.
A1  - Keough,V.
A1  - Holm,K.
Y1  - 1997/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9215422 IN - Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, III, USA CM - Comment in: Am J Crit Care. 1998 May;7(3):248; PMID: 9579252 AS - Am J Crit Care. 6(4):261-6, 1997 Jul JC - bum, 9211547 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Health Behavior
KW  - *Life Style
KW  - *Specialties,Nursing
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Constant Comparative Method
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Diet
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Responses
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Screening
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 261
EP  - 266
JF  - American Journal of Critical Care.2002 Sep; 11(5): 415-31.(31 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Critical Care
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the health practices of critical care nurses. Critical care nurses routinely teach patients about using healthy practices such as low-fat diets, exercise, and routine screening examinations. However, it may be even more important that the nurses themselves have a healthy lifestyle, thus serving as role models for patients. Nurses are selling a product, and that product is health. The best salespersons are those who are genuinely committed to their product and model its benefits. Therefore, critical care nurses' healthful practices can have a profound effect on their patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to examine critical care nurses' responses to three questions about health practices in their daily lives: (1) What are critical care nurses doing currently to stay healthy? (2) Do they anticipate making any changes in their lifestyle in the future? (3) Would they recommend their lifestyle to their patients? METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven critical care nurses attending a midwestern critical care conference completed a two-part questionnaire designed to produce a health profile. In a man-on-the-street approach, 23 nurses participated in an interview via video camera. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data retrieved from the questionnaires. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed for themes with a constant comparative method. RESULTS: More than 70% of the critical care nurses who responded engage in exercise and follow a healthy, low-fat diet. Seventy-one percent said that they anticipate making a change in their lifestyle in the future, and 70% said that they would recommend their lifestyle to their patients. Five themes emerged from the videotaped interviews: (1) Heart-healthy practices predominated the responses. (2) Incorporating a healthy lifestyle was easy for some and a struggle for others. (3) Critical care nurses readily listed barriers to healthy living. (4) The nurses had a positive attitude about their healthy lifestyles and felt optimistic about being role models for their patients. (5) Future plans were either singular in focus or limited to maintenance of current health habits. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the nurses reported practicing a healthy lifestyle and thought that they were good role models for patients
SN  - 1062-3264
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 617
T1  - How to use an article on therapy or prevention: pneumonia prevention using subglottic secretion drainage.[see comment]. [Review] [78 refs]
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Hebert,P.C.
A1  - Heyland,D.K.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - Brun-Buisson,C.
A1  - Marshall,J.C.
A1  - Russell,J.
A1  - Vincent,J.L.
A1  - Sprung,C.L.
A1  - Rutledge,F.
Y1  - 1997/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9295824 IN - Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada CM - Comment in: Crit Care Med. 1997 Sep;25(9):1448-9; PMID: 9295810, Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2000 Feb;28(2):596-8; PMID: 10708219 AS - Crit Care Med. 25(9):1502-13, 1997 Sep JC - dtf, 0355501 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Cross Infection/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Drainage/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Glottis
KW  - *Pneumonia/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - *Respiration,Artificial/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Cross Infection/et [Etiology]
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Drainage/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Pneumonia/et [Etiology]
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Publishing/st [Standards]
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Ventilator
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1502
EP  - 1513
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 25
IS  - 9
N2  - Evidence based critical care medicine involves integrating clinical experience, expertise, and patient preferences with explicit, systematic, and judicious use of current best evidence in making medical decisions. Published evidence has many sources: research from the basic sciences of medicine, and from patient-centered clinical research on the accuracy of diagnostic tests, the power of prognostic markers, and the effectiveness and safety of preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitative, and palliative interventions. When critically appraising a clinical article for potential use in intensive care unit (ICU) practice, the first question we ask ourselves is: Is this study valid? If examination of the study methods reveals that the design is rigorous, we can turn to the two other key questions: What are the results? and, Will the results help me care for my patients? This approach may aid in the interpretation of an article on therapy or prevention; in it we discuss a strategy designed to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. [References: 78]
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 618
T1  - The relation between systematic reviews and practice guidelines. [Review] [58 refs]
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Greengold,N.L.
A1  - Ellrodt,A.G.
A1  - Weingarten,S.R.
Y1  - 1997/08/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9245227 IN - McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada AS - Ann Intern Med. 127(3):210-6, 1997 Aug 1 JC - 0372351, 5a6 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - formulation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Translating
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 210
EP  - 216
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
N2  - Clinical practice guidelines have been developed to improve the process and outcomes of health care and to optimize resource utilization. By addressing such issues as prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, they can aid in health care decision making at many levels. Several other decision aids are cast in the guideline lexicon, regardless of their focus, formulation, or format; this can foster misunderstanding of the term "guideline." Whether created or adapted locally or nationally, most guidelines are an amalgam of clinical experience, expert opinion, and research evidence. Approaches to practice guideline development vary widely. Given the resources required to identify all relevant primary studies, many guidelines rely on systematic reviews that were either previously published or created de novo by guideline developers. Systematic reviews can aid in guideline development because they involve searching for, selecting, critically appraising, and summarizing the results of primary research. The more rigorous the review methods used and the higher the quality of the primary research that is synthesized, the more evidence-based the practice guideline is likely to be. Summaries of relevant research incorporated into guideline documents can help to keep practitioners up to date with the literature. Systematic reviews have also been published on the dissemination and implementation strategies most likely to change clinician behavior and improve patient outcomes. These can be useful in more effectively translating research evidence into practice. [References: 58]
SN  - 0003-4819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 619
T1  - Promoting clinical effective practice. Attitudes of fundholding general practitioners to the role of commissioning
A1  - Douglas,H.R.
A1  - Humphrey,C.
A1  - Lloyd,M.
A1  - Prescott,K.
A1  - Haines,A.
A1  - Rosenthal,J.
A1  - Watt,I.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10165853 IN - Royal Free Hospital of Medicine, London, UK AS - J Manag Med. 11(1):26-34, 1997 JC - bvv, 8705942 SB - H CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Contract Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Family Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Budgets
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Contract Services/ec [Economics]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family Practice/ec [Economics]
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - State Medicine/ec [Economics]
KW  - State Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 26
EP  - 34
JF  - Journal of Management in Medicine
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Aims to evaluate the acceptability of commissioning to improve clinical effectiveness in secondary care and explore the conditions under which fundholders would be willing to use commissioning in this way. Describes how fundholders in two contrasting districts in North Thames Region were interviewed in 1995-1996. Respondents were selected from a list of all fundholders in the district with few fundholding practices and from lists of fundholders holding contracts with specified hospitals in the district with many fundholders. Interviews were analysed using the constant comparison method of content analysis. All fundholders in the districts were eligible. The sample represented a broad range of fundholders, containing all fundholding waves and large and small practices. Managers and general practitioners from multifunds outside the districts were also interviewed to assess whether they faced different issues from single practice fundholders. Many respondents felt unable to use commissioning to improve clinically effectiveness despite their awareness of the policy. Reasons identified included the problem of agreeing complex commissioning arrangements to reflect clinical issues, and an unwillingness to use fundholding to challenge hospital practice. Respondents from early wave fundholding practices and those with training in critically appraising research literature expressed more readiness to review research evidence, but only a few early wave fundholders said they would consider evidence-based commissioning. Concludes that steps should be taken to educate fundholders in clinical effectiveness and provide appropriate information to them. Also, they must be persuaded that clinical effectiveness is not a politically-driven policy or they will resist it
SN  - 0268-9235
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 620
T1  - [Ability of pediatric residents to read critically research papers]. [Spanish]
A1  - Espinosa-Huerta,E.
A1  - Robles-Paramo,A.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9528307 IN - Jefatura de Educacion e Investigacion Medica, Hospital General C.M. La Raza IMSS, Mexico, D.F OT - Lectura critica de articulos de investigacion por grupos de residentes pediatras AS - Rev Invest Clin. 49(6):469-74, 1997 Nov-Dec JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - MEXICO PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Research
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical reading
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Paper
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Social Security
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 469
EP  - 474
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To explore ability to read clinical research papers by pediatric residents at different stages of their training. SETTING: Four hospitals of the Mexican Social Security System located in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An instrument to evaluate the ability to read critically pediatric research papers was developed and validated by four experts. It contained four abstracts generated from research articles and was integrated by 30 interpretation items, 30 judgment items and 30 alternative proposals items, to be answered by the true-false- don't know system. RESULTS: Sixty seven residents participated (21 first year, 20 second year and 26 third year level). There were no significant differences in interpretation, judgment and overall scores between groups. There was a significant degree of agreement in the ordinality of the residents for the scores in interpretation, judgment and proposals (Kendall W = 0.55, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the residents were not influenced by the training received during their residence in regard to their ability for critical reading of clinical research papers
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 621
T1  - Story as text for undergraduate curriculum
A1  - Giarratano,G.P.
Y1  - 1997/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9067871 IN - Louisiana State University Medical Center, Baccalaureate Nursing Program, New Orleans, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 36(3):128-34, 1997 Mar JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Medicine in Literature
KW  - *Obstetrical Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - classroom
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Ethics,Nursing
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - Patient Advocacy
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - undergraduate curriculum
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 128
EP  - 134
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
N2  - A baccalaureate maternity nursing course was transformed from a behaviorist, content-driven curriculum to one of critical dialogue centering upon ethics of care. The inclusion of required readings from a collection of short stories, Birth Stories by Jane Dwinell, RN (1992), served as the primary catalyst in changing faculty and student's curricular experiences. How the class transformed from lecture/discussion format to dialogue is presented around Freire's writings on the dialogic class and Doll's postmodern curriculum perspectives. Student reactions and clinical implications are described. Recommendations for future applications of story in the dialogic classroom is explored
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 622
T1  - Evaluating the options for developing databases to support research-based medicine at the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
A1  - Glanville,J.
A1  - Smith,I.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9506399 IN - NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Triton House, Liversedge, UK. jmg1@york.ac.uk AS - Int J Med Inf. 47(1-2):83-6, 1997 Nov JC - ct4, 9711057 SB - IM CP - IRELAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Databases
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - content
KW  - Databases
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Online Systems
KW  - Paper
KW  - Perception
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Staff
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - User-Computer Interface
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 86
JF  - International Journal of Medical Informatics
VL  - 47
IS  - 1-2
N2  - The paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and user interface review group experiments to determine the value and ease of use of the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE) and the NHS Economic Evaluations Database (NEED). The results are interpreted with other recent studies of the use of electronic databases, including the NHS Research Register User Requirements Specification. The study found that most frequent users of the DARE database tend to use the CD-ROM version. Librarians were found to have the greatest awareness of the databases, with relatively low levels of use by operational NHS Staff. Untrained users found the online databases difficult to access and had erroneous perceptions of the database content which were only realised when queries returned unexpected answers. Experienced users of online information systems tended to want more sophisticated search facilities than inexperienced users. Nearly all users in the review groups wanted to access the databases in conjunction with other information sources, such as the Cochrane Library, Medline and the ACP Journal Club, highlighting the need for cross organisational strategies for the dissemination of research-based information
SN  - 1386-5056
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 623
T1  - The journal club and evidence-based medicine: where do we go from here?
A1  - Hart,L.E.
Y1  - 1997/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9113435 AS - Clin J Sport Med. 7(2):147, 1997 Apr JC - b9t, 9103300 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Sports Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Sport
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
JF  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.2002 Mar; 12(2): 132-3.(1 ref)
J1  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SN  - 1050-642X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 624
T1  - A review of recently published qualitative research in general practice. More methodological questions than answers?. [Review] [33 refs]
A1  - Hoddinott,P.
A1  - Pill,R.
Y1  - 1997/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9283853 IN - Department of General Practice, Health Centre, Llanedeyrn, Cardiff, UK AS - Fam Pract. 14(4):313-9, 1997 Aug JC - 8500875, fam SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Family Practice/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Interviews/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - General Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 313
EP  - 319
JF  - Family Practice.Vol.20(5)()(pp 601-606), 2003.
J1  - Family Practice
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review published papers which use qualitative interviewing in general practice as their methodology. To look specifically at the detail of how the methodology is presented to the reader, with particular emphasis on the clarity of detail about recruitment, the relationship of the interviewer to the respondents, the setting and how the research was presented to the respondents. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic search using Medline and hand searching the British Journal of General Practice, Family Practice and Social Science and Medicine identified 29 recent papers using qualitative interviewing techniques in general practice. The papers were analysed for eight methodological criteria by the author. A second analysis, blind to the results of the first analysis was performed by the author 6 weeks later. An independent assessor analysed 12 randomly selected papers. There was 98.3% intra-assessor agreement and 89.6% inter-assessor agreement about whether the eight criteria were met. Overall 140 of a possible 232 criteria were met (60.3%). CONCLUSION: Published papers using qualitative interviewing in general practice often lack explicit methodological detail about the relationship between the interviewer and the respondents, the setting, who did the recruiting and how the research was explained to the respondents. This methodological detail is important for the critical appraisal of qualitative research, where the context of the research can influence the data. [References: 33]
SN  - 0263-2136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 625
T1  - Cultural discovery: an innovative philosophy for creative learning activities
A1  - Jeffreys,M.R.
A1  - O'Donnell,M.
Y1  - 1997/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9369661 IN - City University of New York, College of Staten Island, USA AS - J Transcult Nurs. 8(2):17-22, 1997 Jan-Jun JC - aiz, 9001407 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Associate
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Transcultural Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Acculturation
KW  - Aging
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - City
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom activities
KW  - clients
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Culture
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - New York
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paper
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching Materials
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 17
EP  - 22
JF  - Journal of Transcultural Nursing
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - The purpose of this article is to describe a philosophical approach for integrating general transcultural nursing concepts and skills within a first semester associate degree nursing course. The authors wished to design a learning activity that would provide meaningful experiences and stimulate critical thinking among nontraditional, culturally diverse students who must learn to care for many clients of diverse cultural backgrounds. With a focus on culture, aging, and health, this creative learner-centered approach, called Cultural Discovery, emphasizes learning outcomes in both the cognitive and affective domains. Cultural Discovery includes several components in conjunction with the Leininger Acculturation Health Care Assessment Enabler for Cultural patterns in Traditional and Nontraditional Lifeways, specifically: background reading assignments, classroom activity component, collaborative library introductory program, videotape program, interview, literature review, reflection, and written paper assignment. Implemented over an eight week period, Cultural Discovery assisted beginning nursing students to systematically conduct a basic general cultural assessment, identify some similarities and differences among individuals within cultural groups, distinguish between varying dimensions of acculturation, and discover the importance of culturally congruent nursing care
SN  - 1043-6596
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 626
T1  - Use of an Internet-based journal club
A1  - Kuppersmith,R.B.
A1  - Stewart,M.G.
A1  - Ohlms,L.A.
A1  - Coker,N.J.
Y1  - 1997/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9141401 IN - Bobby R. Alford Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ronaldk@bcm.tmc.edu AS - Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 116(4):497-8, 1997 Apr JC - 7909794, 8508176, on7, on8 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer Communication Networks
KW  - *Interprofessional Relations
KW  - *Otolaryngology
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Communication
KW  - English
KW  - Head
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Online Systems
KW  - Otolaryngology/ed [Education]
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Science
KW  - Technology
KW  - Texas
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 497
EP  - 498
JF  - Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
N2  - The on-line journal club is a useful example of the educational advantages created by the combination of current Internet technology with traditional journal club methods
SN  - 0194-5998
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 627
T1  - Developing evidence-based programme guidelines for children's dental care in a dental public health unit in Ontario, Canada
A1  - Leake,J.L.
A1  - Main,P.A.
A1  - Woodward,G.L.
Y1  - 1997/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9114543 IN - Community Dental Health Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada AS - Community Dent Health. 14(1):11-7, 1997 Mar JC - cdh, 8411261 SB - D, IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Dental Care for Children/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - *Program Development/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Public Health Dentistry/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - clients
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Dental Care
KW  - Dental Care for Children/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Dental Caries/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Model
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Population
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School Dentistry/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 17
JF  - Community Dental Health
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - The North York Public Health Department operates a school-based dental care programme. Dental care providers are expected to follow guidelines in order that the programme shall achieve the best outcomes for the clients served. A model is described by which published evidence informs the guideline development process. The process is considered to require knowledge of the epidemiology of dental disease in the target population; skills in collecting, critically appraising and summarising the scientific literature; working with internal and external advisory panels to write the guidelines; disseminating results and assessing both compliance and health outcomes. This work is one example of a larger trend to evidence-based health care
SN  - 0265-539X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 628
T1  - Critical conceptual and methodological considerations in reading intervention research. [Review] [110 refs]
A1  - Lyon,G.R.
A1  - Moats,L.C.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9364895 IN - Child Development and Behavior Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA AS - J Learn Disabil. 30(6):578-88, 1997 Nov-Dec JC - 0157312, iwo SB - C CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dyslexia/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Education,Special/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child Health
KW  - children
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Dyslexia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Dyslexia/px [Psychology]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Development
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Disabilities
KW  - reading disability
KW  - reading process
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Characteristics
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 578
EP  - 588
JF  - Journal of Learning Disabilities
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
N2  - Research designed to identify the instructional and ecological conditions that foster the development of literacy skills in children with reading disabilities reflects a complex, multivariate enterprise. In essence, such research must be able to ultimately identify the teacher characteristics and instructional components that are critical for individual children and the interrelationships among these components. The intensity and duration of instruction will differ according to the severity of deficits in either single- or multiple-component reading processes. Moreover, training in any one component may not be sufficient to produce automatic improvements in other reading skills. This article identifies a number of conceptual and methodological issues that should be considered when conducting and interpreting reading intervention research. [References: 110]
SN  - 0022-2194
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 629
T1  - Critical reading using the READER acronym by experienced general practitioners (G.P.s) and by G.P. registrars in southern and Northern Ireland
A1  - MacAuley,D.
A1  - Sweeney,K.G.
Y1  - 1997/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9256542 IN - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast AS - Ir J Med Sci. 166(3):121-3, 1997 Jul-Sep JC - gxb, 7806864 SB - IM CP - IRELAND PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Physicians,Family
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Abstracting and Indexing
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - critical reading
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - Northern Ireland
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physicians,Family/ed [Education]
KW  - Physicians,Family/px [Psychology]
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Reading
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
EP  - 123
JF  - Irish Journal of Medical Science.Vol.171(4)()(pp 191-192), 2002.
J1  - Irish Journal of Medical Science
VL  - 166
IS  - 3
N2  - The READER acronym describes a simple easily applied method of critical reading, an important skill for general practitioners (GPs). The aim of the study was to evaluate an abstract using the READER method, and to compare the appraisal by GP registrars in Southern Ireland with those of GP registrars in Northern Ireland and those previously recorded by experienced GPs at the Conference of Teachers of the Irish College of General Practitioners. General practice registrars (n = 41) in Southern Ireland participated in a critical reading workshop at which they appraised the abstract of a sample paper using the READER model for critical appraisal. A group of GP registrars (n = 10) in Northern Ireland, and experienced GPs (n = 35) at the Conference of Teachers of the Irish College of General Practitioners evaluated the complete paper using a similar methodology. There was no statistically significant difference between scores recorded by GP registrars in Southern Ireland and their Northern Irish counterparts, nor was there a statistically significant difference with experienced GP teachers. The READER model for critical reading provides GP registrars with a useful tool for critical evaluation of medical literature. GP registrars in Southern Ireland, Northern Ireland, and experienced GP's from the Conference of Teachers in Ireland recorded similar results and the study appraised, while dealing with an intervention in one practice in south west England, appeared relevant and applicable to participants from other locations in a different health care system
SN  - 0021-1265
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 630
T1  - Pharmaceutical policies in Canadian family medicine training. Survey of residency programs
A1  - Mahood,S.
A1  - Zagozeski,C.
A1  - Bradel,T.
A1  - Lawrence,K.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9386881 IN - Department of Family Medicine, University of Saskatchewan AS - Can Fam Physician. 43:1947-51, 1997 Nov JC - blo, 0120300 SB - E, IM CP - CANADA NT - 16 refs. KIE Bib: health care/economics; health care/foreign countries PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Drug Industry
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - Cost
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Industry
KW  - interactions
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Policy
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - practice
KW  - Prescriptions,Drug
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Resident
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Screening
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - trends
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1947
EP  - 1951
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 43
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether family medicine residency training programs have formal policies regarding interactions between residents and the pharmaceutical industry, to identify existing practices, and to find out what issues in industry-physician interaction are addressed during the 2-year core curriculum training in Canada. DESIGN: Mailed survey using a questionnaire. SETTING: The 16 Canadian residency training programs in family medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Program directors of all 16 Canadian family medicine residency training programs replied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of programs with formal pharmaceutical policies; number of programs offering formal curriculum coverage of related topics in the field; program practices regarding industry sampling, detailing, sponsorship, and access. RESULTS: Only four of the 16 programs have formal policies or guidelines. Topics generally covered in core curriculum included critical appraisal (13/16) and cost trends (11/16). Few programs address determinants of prescribing (5/16), marketing techniques (4/16), provincial drug access programs (6/16), or the Canadian Medical Association guidelines on physician-industry interaction (5/16). Industry presence and sponsorship in family medicine training is notable, and screening is limited. Great variation exists, and programs are interested in future initiatives. CONCLUSIONS: Family medicine training in Canada is attempting to address pharmaceutical issues. Interest is strong, but these issues need to be given more emphasis
SN  - 0008-350X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 631
T1  - Library access--journal clubs
A1  - McMahon,A.
Y1  - 1997/12/17/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9482979 IN - ann.mcmahon@man.ac.uk AS - Nurs Stand. 12(13-5):40-1, 1997 Dec 17-1998 Jan 6 JC - 9012906, awh, 8508427 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 41
JF  - Nursing Standard
VL  - 12
IS  - 13-5
SN  - 0029-6570
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 632
T1  - How to use articles about harm: the relationship between high tidal volumes, ventilating pressures, and ventilator-induced lung injury.[see comment]. [Review] [43 refs]
A1  - Meade,M.O.
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Kernerman,P.
A1  - Bernard,G.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9366779 IN - Adult Critical Care Medicine Program, University of Toronto, ON, Canada CM - Comment in: Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;25(11):1785-6; PMID: 9366757 AS - Crit Care Med. 25(11):1915-22, 1997 Nov JC - dtf, 0355501 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Respiration,Artificial/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - *Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Adult/et [Etiology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Lung Injury
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Relative
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sample
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Tidal Volume
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1915
EP  - 1922
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 25
IS  - 11
N2  - BACKGROUND: Intensivists commonly encounter patients who may be inadvertently harmed by critical care interventions. This article is designed to guide clinicians in the evaluations of an individual article assessing a question of harm, as well as the sum of multiple pieces of evidence. OBJECTIVES: To assess the vaidity of a group of articles about the relationship between high tidal volumes and ventilating pressures on ventilator-induced lung injury; to interpret the results of these studies; and to consider whether they apply in practice. DATA SOURCES: Issues of harm are sometimes measured in randomized trials, but are evaluated more often in myriad observational studies. DATA EXTRACTION: We use critical appraisal guides for experimental studies (e.g., randomized trials) and observational studies (e.g., cohort studies, case-control studies and case series) that evaluate the potentially harmful exposure of high tidal volumes and ventilating pressures. This involves assessing the validity of the research, then determining the strength of association between the putative harmful exposure and adverse outcomes. These study designs and their interpretation using relative risks and odds ratios are reviewed. Finally, the relevance of this information (or lack thereof) to clinical practice needs to be determined. DATA SYNTHESIS: Examining these studies individually and in totality, there appears to be a relationship between high tidal volumes and ventilating pressures, although the strength of inference from this research is limited by design issues and sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS: Critically appraising a body of literature is more challenging than evaluating a single study, but often gives a broader view of the available evidence. Future large, rigorous, randomized trials of different approaches to mechanical ventilation will help to advance our understanding and to better inform our practice. [References: 43]
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 633
T1  - Development and evaluation of a clinical psychopharmacology educational curriculum
A1  - Naranjo,C.A.
A1  - Shulman,R.W.
A1  - Ozdemir,V.
Y1  - 1997/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9208353 IN - Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - J Clin Pharmacol. 37(6):474-9, 1997 Jun JC - ht9, 0366372 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Psychopharmacology/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - content
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - Funding
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 474
EP  - 479
JF  - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
VL  - 37
IS  - 6
N2  - Clinical psychopharmacology training at the University of Toronto (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was in need of improvement. The authors developed and evaluated a Clinical Psychopharmacology Educational Curriculum to complement the education provided to trainees and staff. The program consisted of journal clubs, case rounds, and didactic research tutorials and lectures. The program was attended by staff, fellows, psychiatry residents, graduate pharmacology students, medical students, and pharmacists. No course credit or continuing medical education credits were offered for participating in the program. The program ran for two academic years (September 1994-June 1996). Anonymous evaluation forms were collected after the sessions. These evaluated content, presentation style, and educational value, each on a scale from 1 (unsatisfactory) to 5 (excellent). Ratings for each component of the curriculum were close to excellent. The case rounds were rated slightly better for presentation style and educational value. Positive ratings suggest that similar efforts, particularly using case-based methods, should be developed in other teaching hospitals contingent on availability of qualified faculty and funding
SN  - 0091-2700
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 634
T1  - Line of reasoning as a representation of nurses' clinical decision making
A1  - Narayan,S.M.
A1  - Corcoran-Perry,S.
Y1  - 1997/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9256881 IN - School of Nursing, Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, MN 55106-5000, USA AS - Res Nurs Health. 20(4):353-64, 1997 Aug JC - 7806136, raq SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Logic
KW  - *Nursing Assessment/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Coding
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Evaluation Research
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - representation
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Ventilator Weaning/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Work of Breathing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 353
EP  - 364
JF  - Research in Nursing & Health
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
N2  - Line of reasoning (LOR) is offered as an alternative representation of clinical decision making for studies using protocol analysis. A LOR is defined as an argument or set of arguments leading to a conclusion. Because LOR combines both knowledge and cognitive processes, it provides a more complete representation of how a person uses knowledge to make a decision in a particular situation than do other representations. Operationalization of LOR in the form of templates and narratives enhances systematic data interpretation and coding. The use of LOR as a representation is illustrated in a study of critical care nurses' clinical decision making, specifically the determination of a patient's readiness to wean from mechanical ventilation
SN  - 0160-6891
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 635
T1  - A comparison of critical thinking abilities between accelerated and traditional baccalaureate nursing students
A1  - Pepa,C.A.
A1  - Brown,J.M.
A1  - Alverson,E.M.
Y1  - 1997/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 8986961 IN - Valparaiso University College of Nursing, Indiana 46383, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 36(1):46-8, 1997 Jan JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Professional,Retraining/st [Standards]
KW  - *Logic
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Indiana
KW  - journal
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Sample
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 48
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
N2  - Critical thinking is an outcome expected of all nursing graduates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of an accelerated nursing curriculum on students' abilities to think critically. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) was used to measure the critical thinking ability of the student nurses. The sample consisted of two groups of BSN students: traditional (n = 45) and accelerated (n = 43). Both groups completed the WGCTA at the beginning and end of their nursing course sequence. Findings revealed a significant difference between the test scores of the two group at the beginning of the curriculum (t = -2.42) but no significant difference at the end (t = -1.76). Findings also revealed significant differences in pre- and post-curriculum test scores of traditional students (t = -2.84) but no difference for accelerated students (t = -1.65). Findings have implications for BSN program development
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 636
T1  - A nurses' journal club: creating a positive learning environment for nurses
A1  - Pollard,A.
A1  - Taylor,T.
Y1  - 1997/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9511658 IN - Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne AS - Contemp Nurse. 6(3-4):157, 1997 Dec JC - bh9, 9211867 SB - N CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
JF  - Contemporary Nurse.2000 Sep-Dec; 9(3/4): 201-4.
J1  - Contemporary Nurse
VL  - 6
IS  - 3-4
SN  - 1037-6178
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 637
T1  - A three-step method of self-reflection using reflective journal writing
A1  - Riley-Doucet,C.
A1  - Wilson,S.
Y1  - 1997/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9147201 IN - Ryerson Polytechnic University, School of Nursing, Toronto, Canada AS - J Adv Nurs. 25(5):964-8, 1997 May JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Writing
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - diversity
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - School
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 964
EP  - 968
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
N2  - Fiscal and financial constraints present a challenge for nurse educators to broaden the diversity and scope of teaching/learning methodologies. One method designed to promote autonomy and self-direction of nursing students is self-reflection combined with reflective journal writing. This paper describes a three-step process of self-reflection encompassing critical appraisal, peer group discussion and self-awareness. This process of self-reflection was initiated with one group of clinical nursing students. Using student and teacher feedback, implications for employing this teaching/learning strategy in clinical practice are suggested
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 638
T1  - [Capacity for critical reading of clinical research among groups of medical residents]. [Spanish]
A1  - Robles,Paramo A.
A1  - Viniegra,Velazquez L.
A1  - Espinosa,Alarcon P.
Y1  - 1997/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9380964 IN - Hospital de Especialidades C.M. La Raza, Mexico, D.F OT - Capacidad de lectura critica de investigacion clinica en grupos de residentes medicos AS - Rev Invest Clin. 49(2):117-22, 1997 Mar-Apr JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - MEXICO PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Cognition
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical reading
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Semantic Differential
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of length of clinical training and ability to read critically clinical research papers in groups of residents of internal medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An instrument to evaluate critical reading was developed validated by four experts in clinical epidemiology. It contains four abstract from international medical journals. Each article was followed by 20 questions of false/true/ do not know options: 42 were interpretation items and 38 were judgement items. Each article had a semantic differential scale from 1 to 10 of global value of the paper. Seventy internal medicine residents participated: 20 in their first year of residency, 31 in the second year and 19 in the third year. RESULTS: There were no differences between overall scores according to year of training (global median score of 22.5 out of 80 as a maximum). Globally the interpretation items reached a median of 22 versus 9 in the in the judgement items (p < 0.01). A tendency to underestimate the validity of the articles by the residents was observed, i.e. their overall validity was significantly lower than that of the experts (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a correlation of 0.45 between the scores in this study and those obtained during their medical studies. CONCLUSION: These groups of residents were not influenced by length of their training during their internal medicine residency and their ability to judge clinical investigation papers
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 639
T1  - Relationship between selected discourse strategies and student critical thinking
A1  - Rossignol,M.
Y1  - 1997/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9413817 IN - Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts at Lowell 01854-2881, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 36(10):467-75, 1997 Dec JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Communication
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Delaware
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Nursing
KW  - participation
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student participation
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 467
EP  - 475
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 10
N2  - This study investigated the relationship between use of selected discourse strategies and level of student critical thinking in nursing clinical post-conferences. Selected discourse strategies included: (a) teacher high-level questions, (b) teacher elaboration of student ideas, (c) teacher probing questions, (d) student participation, and (e) student-to-student participation. The level of student critical thinking was defined as the quartile ranking of students (N = 57) on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal summative measure. It was hypothesized that greater use of discourse strategies would be associated with high-levels of student critical thinking. All discourse strategies were significantly associated (p < .0001) to student quartile ranking for one taping session (Conference II). Further analysis, however, revealed ambiguous patterns of two-way associations. The more consistent findings suggested a conceptual relationship between less student talk and student-to-student talk and high-levels of student critical thinking
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 640
T1  - Evidence-based medicine
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
Y1  - 1997/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9190027 IN - Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, England AS - Semin Perinatol. 21(1):3-5, 1997 Feb JC - uop, 7801132 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Perinatology/mt [Methods]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Risk
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 5
JF  - Seminars in Perinatology
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine, whose philosophical origins extend back to mid-19th century Paris and earlier, is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. By individual clinical expertise we mean the proficiency and judgment that we individual clinicians acquire through clinical experience and clinical practice. Increased expertise is reflected in many ways, but especially in more effective and efficient diagnosis and in the more thoughtful identification and compassionate use of individual patients' predicaments, rights, and preferences in making clinical decisions about their care. By best available external clinical evidence we mean clinically relevant research, often from the basic sciences of medicine, but especially from patient centered clinical research into the accuracy and precision of diagnostic tests (including the clinical examination), the power of prognostic markers, and the efficacy and safety of therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventive regimens. External clinical evidence both invalidates previously accepted diagnostic tests and treatment and replaces them with new ones that are more powerful, more accurate, more efficacious, and safer. Good doctors use both individual clinical expertise and the best available external evidence, and neither alone is enough. Without clinical expertise, practice risks becoming tyrannized by external evidence, for even excellent external evidence may be inapplicable to or inappropriate for an individual patient. Without current best external evidence, practice risks becoming rapidly out of date, to the detriment of patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine is a process of life-long, self-directed learning in which caring for our own patients creates the need for clinically important information about diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and other clinical and health care issues, and in which we (1) convert these information needs into answerable questions; (2) track down, with maximum efficiency, the best evidence with which to answer them (whether from the clinical examination, the diagnostic laboratory from research evidence, or other sources); (3) critically appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and usefulness (clinical applicability); (4) integrate this appraisal with our clinical expertise and apply it in practice; and (5) evaluate our performance
SN  - 0146-0005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 641
T1  - An evidence-based education journal club
A1  - Simpson,D.
A1  - Flynn,C.
A1  - Wendelberger,K.
Y1  - 1997/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10676403 IN - Office of Educational Services, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA AS - Acad Med. 72(5):464, 1997 May JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Inservice Training
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 464
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 72
IS  - 5
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 642
T1  - A leadership-management training curriculum for pathology residents.[see comment]
A1  - Sims,K.L.
A1  - Darcy,T.P.
Y1  - 1997/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9208984 IN - Department of Pathology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA CM - Comment in: Am J Clin Pathol. 1997 Jul;108(1):4-5; PMID: 9208971 AS - Am J Clin Pathol. 108(1):90-5, 1997 Jul JC - 3fk, 0370470 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Administrative Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Pathology/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - group discussions
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - journal
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Nebraska
KW  - participation
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathologists
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Pathology,Clinical/ed [Education]
KW  - Reading
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 90
EP  - 95
JF  - American Journal of Clinical Pathology
VL  - 108
IS  - 1
N2  - Leadership and management skills are increasingly critical to the success of pathologists in and outside of academic centers. We describe a leadership and management curriculum in a combined anatomic and clinical pathology residency program. The mentor-based approach incorporates leadership and management skills throughout the residency with a dedicated 2-month rotation during the final year of training. This 2-month rotation is led by a senior faculty pathologist mentor and includes active participation in management activities, small group discussions, reading, and a management process project. The topics for the small group discussions, reading list, mentor-based activities, and completed management process projects are described. Outcomes and evaluations are reported for residents who have completed this curriculum in leadership and management
SN  - 0002-9173
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 643
T1  - The current Journal Club
A1  - Tarnopolsky,M.
Y1  - 1997/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9117532 AS - Clin J Sport Med. 7(1):73, 1997 Jan JC - b9t, 9103300 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Journalism,Medical
KW  - *Sports Medicine
KW  - 58-22-0 (testosterone)
KW  - Doping in Sports/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Sport
KW  - Testosterone/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
JF  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.2002 Mar; 12(2): 132-3.(1 ref)
J1  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SN  - 1050-642X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 644
T1  - Assessing the impact of information on evidence-based nursing practice: the EVINCE (Establishing the Value of Information to Nursing Continuing Education) project
A1  - Urquhart,C.J.
A1  - Davies,R.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10174730 IN - Department of Information and Library Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth AS - Top Health Inf Manage. 18(2):53-63, 1997 Nov JC - bj6, 9212861 SB - H CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - *Nursing Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Mentors
KW  - methods
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 53
EP  - 63
JF  - Topics in Health Information Management
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - One of the aims of the EVINCE study (Establishing the Value of Information to Nursing Continuing Education) was to assess the impact of information obtained from information and library services about nursing knowledge, competencies, and practice. Survey methods included a critical incident type survey of the patterns of information need and use among a random sample of more than 200 nursing, midwifery, and health visiting staff at five sites and a survey of 776 searches and requests presented to 13 different information services. Questionnaire surveys were followed by selected interviews. Results indicated that information seeking in practice was often prompted by a combination of purposes, with 41 percent of information-seeking incidents involving patient care purposes combined with informal or formal education. The profile of information requests seen by the information service differed, there being more emphasis on formal education and research. Nursing professionals value highly the information obtained from information and library services, and information that helps in evidence-based practice is a priority. Information skills are varied, suggesting that much support for critical appraisal is necessary
SN  - 1065-0989
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 645
T1  - The journal club.[see comment]. [Review] [19 refs]
A1  - Valentini,R.P.
A1  - Daniels,S.R.
Y1  - 1997/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9122102 IN - Department of pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0297, USA CM - Comment in: Postgrad Med J. 1997 Oct;73(864):687; PMID: 9497999 AS - Postgrad Med J. 73(856):81-5, 1997 Feb JC - pfx, 0234135 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Michigan
KW  - participation
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Self-Help Groups/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 81
EP  - 85
JF  - Postgraduate Medical Journal.Vol.83(976)()(pp 105-108), 2007.
J1  - Postgraduate Medical Journal
VL  - 73
IS  - 856
N2  - As the body of medical literature continues to expand, physicians must develop the necessary skills to keep up with the vast amount of information available. The journal club provides a forum to allow residents to remain current with the literature while also teaching them the methods to evaluate it critically. Those readers wishing to start a journal club or revive an existing one should begin by designating a leader and defining the conference goals. Emphasizing the importance of this conference in the educational process while allowing it to be structured to optimise resident interest and attendance will help to ensure its success. Periodic evaluation of this conference will allow the organisers to assess the concordance of the resident's goals with those of the faculty. Formal evaluation will also provide an objective assessment of the knowledge gained by the house-staff through participation in journal club. [References: 19]
SN  - 0032-5473
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 646
T1  - Evaluating critical thinking skills of baccalaureate nursing students
A1  - Vaughan-Wrobel,B.C.
A1  - O'Sullivan,P.
A1  - Smith,L.
Y1  - 1997/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9413820 IN - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Nursing, Little Rock 72205, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 36(10):485-8, 1997 Dec JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Education Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Psychometrics
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Goals
KW  - higher education
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - National League for Nursing
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - problems
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 485
EP  - 488
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 10
N2  - This study evaluates the critical thinking skills of students enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program, using the WGCTA, for the classes of 1993 through 1996. Scores were obtained at entry and at end of junior and senior years. The mean entry WGCTA score was 56 for all four classes; however, the 1995 and 1996 classes had significantly higher scores than the class of 1994. Critical thinking scores were higher at entry for older students and students who had completed another education degree; however, critical thinking scores were lower for students who had previous nursing experience. After adapting for age, previous degree, and nursing experience, no significant differences in the WGCTA scores from entry to end of junior and senior years emerged for the classes of 1993, 1994, 1995. Critical thinking skills have become the hallmark of education. The National Education Goal Panel has advocated for an increase in the ability to think critically, communicate effectively and solve problems (Banta, 1993). In turn, the nursing profession has incorporated these goals of higher education into its educational programs. The National League for Nursing (NLN) includes the measurement of critical thinking as a required outcome in the evaluation and accreditation of baccalaureate and higher degree programs in nursing. This critical thinking outcome must reflect the student's skill in analysis, reasoning, research, or decision making as these skills relate to the nursing discipline (National League for Nursing, 1992). To meet the NLN's critical thinking outcome criterion, nursing programs must have a method of evaluating this skill. Many programs use the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), which is a standardized instrument. The College of Nursing at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) adopted this instrument to evaluate the critical thinking skills of students in the baccalaureate nursing program
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 647
T1  - Teaching skills for accessing and interpreting information from systematic reviews/meta-analyses, practice guidelines, and the Internet
A1  - Wolf,F.M.
A1  - Miller,J.G.
A1  - Gruppen,L.D.
A1  - Ensminger,W.D.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9357708 IN - Department of Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. wolf@u.washington.edu AS - Proc AMIA Annu Fall Symp. :662-6, 1997 JC - cqw, 9617342 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - 1 F06 TW 02123-01 (FIC) LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Scales
KW  - Skill
KW  - small groups
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 662
EP  - 666
JF  - Proceedings/AMIA Annual Fall Symposium
N2  - Skills and practice related to accessing and interpreting clinical information from systematic reviews/meta-analyses, practice guidelines, and the Internet have been integrated into a new senior year elective designed to teach medical students how to critically appraise information from a variety of sources and evaluate it's applicability to patient care. Small groups of senior medical students under the direction of a multidisciplinary team (behavioral scientist, information specialist, physician) facilitate discussions of clinical articles using checklists designed to evaluate their quality. The central feature of the course is a demonstration of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), an electronic journal distributed by BMJ Publishing, and the requirement that students conduct a literature review on a topic of their choice and present an oral and written summary in the form of a "draft" meta-analysis. Students are provided with strategies to "surf" the Internet/WWW for information, e.g., practice guidelines/treatment protocols, descriptions of on-going clinical trials. A total of 52 students have participated to date. Students have selected project topics across a wide range of medical disciplines, including internal medicine, family practice, OB/GYN, pediatrics, surgery, neurology, emergency medicine, and psychiatry. The course is one of the most favorably evaluated of all senior electives and rated more favorably than the overall mean ratings for all electives combined on 8 of 9 scales, including "Quality of course overall" (4.39 vs. 3.92 on 5-point scale)
SN  - 1091-8280
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 648
T1  - The critically appraised topic: closing the evidence-transfer gap
A1  - Wyer,P.C.
Y1  - 1997/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9360576 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. aw690@idt.net AS - Ann Emerg Med. 30(5):639-40, 1997 Nov JC - 4z7, 8002646 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - Emergency Service,Hospital
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 639
EP  - 640
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 30
IS  - 5
SN  - 0196-0644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 649
T1  - Regulation of the export of RNA from the nucleus 642
A1  - Cole,C.N.
A1  - Saavedra,C.
Y1  - 1997/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15001108 IN - Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA AS - Semin Cell Dev Biol. 8(1):71-8, 1997 Feb JC - c2b, 9607332 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Infection
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Protein
KW  - Retention
KW  - School
KW  - self
KW  - Travel
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
EP  - 78
JF  - Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
N2  - Transport of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope is an essential activity in eukaryotic cells. RNA molecules within cells are found complexed with proteins and the bound proteins likely contain signals for RNA export. RNAs microinjected into Xenopus oocyte nuclei are readily exported, and their export can be competed by self RNA but not by RNAs of other classes. This indicates that the rate-limiting step in RNA export is the interaction of RNAs with class-specific proteins, at least when substrate RNAs are present at saturating levels. Export of host mRNAs is inhibited following infection by some animal viruses, while the export of viral RNAs occurs. The HIV-1 RNA-binding protein, Rev, mediates the export of intron-containing viral RNAs that would normally be retained in nuclei. This requires a nuclear export signal (NES) within Rev and an element within the RNA to which Rev binds. In yeast, heat shock causes accumulation of poly(A)(+)RNA within nuclei but heat-shock mRNAs are transcribed and exported efficiently. This requires elements within heat shock mRNA that probably interact with a cellular protein to facilitate RNA export. In these cases, the proteins that recognize critical sequences in the RNAs probably direct the RNAs to an RNA export pathway not generally used for mRNA export. This would circumvent the general retention of most poly(A)(+)mRNAs following heat shock in yeast and the need for complete splicing of viral mRNAs that travel through the normal mRNA export pathway
SN  - 1084-9521
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 650
T1  - Exploratory study of residents' conceptual framework for critical appraisal of the literature 639
A1  - Williams,B.C.
A1  - Stern,D.T.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16262553 IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. bwilliam@umich.edu AS - Teach Learn Med. 9(4):270-5, 1997 JC - dx5, 8910884 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Classification
KW  - Conception
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - instruction
KW  - Intention
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Model
KW  - Pain
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 275
JF  - Teaching & Learning in Medicine
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Limited success of efforts to improve residents' critical appraisal skills may be due to poor understanding of their preintervention conceptual framework. DESCRIPTION: To describe internal medicine residents' a priori conceptual approach to critical appraisal of intervention trials, we performed an exploratory content analysis of 41 residents' unprompted descriptions of strengths and weaknesses of a randomized trial of spa therapy for back pain. EVALUATION: Eighty-eight percent of responses were assigned independently by 2 reviewers to 23 categories ( kappa .65). Residents agreed on some important characteristics (e.g., blinding), disagreed on others (e.g., similarity of treatment and control groups), frequently mentioned some irrelevant characteristics (e.g., "objective" vs. "subjective" outcomes), and rarely mentioned some important criteria (e.g., intention to treat). CONCLUSIONS: An open-ended questionnaire reliably revealed both expected and unexpected conceptions and misconceptions among residents who had received minimal or no formal instruction in critical appraisal. We propose a classification model for residents' critical appraisal concepts that can be tested in future studies and used to identify areas for focusing interventions to improve resident physicians' critical appraisal skills
SN  - 1040-1334
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 651
T1  - A review of journal clubs in postgraduate medical education. [Review] [50 refs]
A1  - Alguire,P.C.
Y1  - 1998/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9613892 IN - Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA AS - J Gen Intern Med. 13(5):347-53, 1998 May JC - jgi, 8605834 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Florida
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Longevity
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - principles
KW  - Reading
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 347
EP  - 353
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To review the goals, organization, and teaching methods of journal clubs, summarize elements of successful clubs, and evaluate their effect on reading habits, and effectiveness in meeting teaching goals. Examples of clubs that utilize principles of adult learning are reviewed. DATA SOURCES: English language articles identified through a MEDLINE search (1966-1997) using the MeSH terms "internship" and "residency," and text words "journal club" and "critical appraisal." STUDY SELECTION: Articles on learning goals and organization were included if they represented national or regional surveys with a response rate of 65% or greater. Articles that evaluated teaching effectiveness were included if they used a controlled, educational design, or if they exemplified important adult learning principles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were manually extracted from selected studies and reviews. DATA SYNTHESIS: A major goal for most clubs is to teach critical appraisal skills. Clubs with high attendance and longevity are characterized by mandatory attendance, availability of food, and perceived importance by the program director. Residents who are taught critical appraisal report paying more attention to the methods and are more skeptical of the conclusions, and have increased knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, but studies have failed to demonstrate that these residents read more, or read more critically. Reading guidelines may be useful for teaching critical appraisal skills, and may be associated with increased resident satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Journal club formats are educationally diverse, can incorporate adult learning principles, and are an adaptable format for teaching the "new basic sciences." [References: 50]
SN  - 0884-8734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 652
T1  - Towards an evidence based health care management
A1  - Axelsson,R.
Y1  - 1998/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10346052 IN - Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden AS - Int J Health Plann Manage. 13(4):307-17, 1998 Oct-Dec JC - ier, 8605825 SB - H CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Administrative Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Management
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organization and Management
KW  - Orientation
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 307
EP  - 317
JF  - International Journal of Health Planning & Management
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
N2  - Inspired by the development of Evidence Based Medicine, this article introduces a new approach for health care management called Evidence Based Management. This approach promises to improve the practice of health care management, at the same time as it may stimulate research on the organization and management of health care. Evidence Based Management means that health care managers should learn to search for and critically appraise evidence from management research as a basis for their practice. This will require some new managerial skills that should be included in the education and training of health care managers. It will also require a new orientation for research on health care management. There will be a demand for more applied research, and also for research with a more positivist orientation
SN  - 0749-6753
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 653
T1  - Positioning and intracranial hypertension: implications of the new critical pathway for nursing practice. [Review] [18 refs]
A1  - Beitel,J.
Y1  - 1998/08/17/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10347498 IN - Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario AS - Off J Can Assoc Crit Care Nurs. 9(4):12-6; quiz 17-8, 1998 JC - C1J, 9815867 SB - N CP - CANADA PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Pathways
KW  - *Intensive Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Intracranial Hypertension/nu [Nursing]
KW  - *Posture
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bed
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Intracranial Hypertension/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Intracranial Hypertension/et [Etiology]
KW  - Intracranial Hypertension/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Monitoring,Physiologic
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 16
JF  - CACCN
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence based practice in nursing requires careful scrutiny of research studies to determine if there is support to continue existing protocols or if a change in clinical practice is warranted. Current nursing practice in critical care includes the routine elevation of the head of the bed (HOB) to 30 degrees or 45 degrees for patients with cerebral edema. Intracranial hypertension is a common complication of cerebral edema. New guidelines for medical management of intracranial hypertension have been developed and presented in a critical pathway. Positioning of patients with intracranial hypertension must be re-evaluated in light of the changing goals of medical management outlined in the critical pathway. The author of this article will critically appraise the research examining the impact of elevating the HOB on patients with intracranial hypertension within the context of the critical pathway parameters. Recommendations for positioning, in keeping with the new critical pathway for intracranial hypertension, will be suggested. Future research directions will be identified. [References: 18]
SN  - 1201-2580
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 654
T1  - From practice to research: the case for criticism in an age of evidence
A1  - Berkwits,M.
Y1  - 1998/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9823049 IN - Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, USA AS - Soc Sci Med. 47(10):1539-45, 1998 Nov JC - ut9, 8303205 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - Criticism
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - sociocultural perspectives
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1545
JF  - Social Science & Medicine.1997 Jul; 45(1): 23-33.(80 ref)
J1  - Social Science & Medicine
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
N2  - The growth in research and in health care costs has made it important for clinicians to use and critically appraise published evidence for their medical decisions. The evidence-based medicine movement is an example of the present effort to teach clinicians to evaluate research evidence by methodologic standards. Though this effort can only improve the clinical decisions of practitioners, it suggests that when assessing evidence there are no reasons to critically evaluate the standards of research and evidence themselves. A precedent for assessing standards of research and evidence exists in the broad tradition known as "criticism". Using contextual, cultural and other forms of analysis, writers have used criticism to show that the meaning and validity of scientific evidence is influenced as much by the sociocultural characteristics of readers and users as it is by the meticulous use of research methods. Scholars outside of medicine have suggested, for example, that data become evidence only in the context of specific beliefs and disagreements and that there are interesting pragmatic reasons why we see some forms of evidence and not others in the medical literature. Social critical studies of research and evidence would reveal the many influences similar to these that are relevant to clinical medicine. The effort would be practically useful to physicians, who with a broader understanding of research could critically appraise published evidence from both scientific and sociocultural perspectives. It would also help correct an imbalance in contemporary medicine in which clinicians are being trained to maintain high standards of critical consciousness in methodological domains but not in the broader historical and sociocultural domains which subsume them
SN  - 0277-9536
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 655
T1  - Weaning--a nursing challenge
A1  - Beveridge,M.
Y1  - 1998/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10428882 IN - Emergency Department at Calvary Hospital, ACT AS - Aust J Holist Nurs. 5(1):39-43, 1998 Apr JC - dcf, 100886426 SB - N CP - UNKNOWN PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Protocols
KW  - *Critical Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Ventilator Weaning/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Ventilator Weaning/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Case Report
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Extubation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Organizational Policy
KW  - Patient
KW  - play
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - Role
KW  - supervision
KW  - Ventilator Weaning/px [Psychology]
KW  - Weaning
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 43
JF  - Australian Journal of Holistic Nursing
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
N2  - Weaning a patient from mechanical ventilation and then to extubation is a challenge for critical care nurses who play a vital role in assessing a patient's readiness for weaning and managing the weaning trials. Traditionally, critical care nurses perform the process, but only under the direction and supervision of intensivists. This team approach is important but can lead to delays. I believe that with clearly defined boundaries a critical care nurse could expedite the weaning process of a patient from mechanical ventilation. An Intensive Care Unit protocol, which provides a valid framework from which professional advanced nurse clinicians could work, would give increased autonomy and legitimacy, avoiding unnecessary delays
SN  - 1322-8803
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 656
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in a nutshell. A guide to finding and using the best evidence in caring for patients. [Review] [81 refs]
A1  - Bigby,M.
Y1  - 1998/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9875202 IN - Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA. mbigby@bidmc.harvard.edu AS - Arch Dermatol. 134(12):1609-18, 1998 Dec JC - 6wu, 0372433 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dermatology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Computer
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Registries
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Skill
KW  - Skin Diseases/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Skin Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - Software
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1609
EP  - 1618
JF  - Archives of Dermatology
VL  - 134
IS  - 12
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is the use of the best current evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Practicing EBM requires recognition that in most encounters with patients, questions arise that should be answered to provide the patient with the best available medical care. Asking well-built clinical questions that contain 4 elements--a patient or problem, an intervention, a comparison intervention (if necessary), and an outcome--is an important step in practicing EMB. Once appropriate questions have been formulated, the best source for finding most types of best evidence is by searching the MEDLINE database by computer. MEDLINE searches have inherent software and operator limitations that make their reliability quite variable. One should be aware of these limitations and improve one's skills in searching. The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Clinical Trials Registry contains more than 190,000 controlled clinical trials and is the best source of evidence about treatment. The quality (strength) of evidence is based on a hierarchy of evidence: results of systematic reviews of well-designed clinical studies, results of 1 or more well-designed clinical studies, results of large case series, expert opinion, and personal experience. Once the best evidence has been found, the EBM approach involves critically appraising the quality of the evidence, determining its magnitude and precision, and applying it to the specific patient. Guidelines to critically appraise and apply evidence are available. The clinical question, best evidence, and its critical appraisal should be saved in a format that can be easily retrieved for future use. [References: 81]
SN  - 0003-987X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 657
T1  - The preceptoring map for RN-to-BSN students
A1  - Bittner,N.P.
A1  - Anderson,A.
Y1  - 1998/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9821119 IN - Division of Nursing, Regis College, Weston, MA 02193, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 37(8):367-72, 1998 Nov JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Models,Nursing
KW  - *Preceptorship
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Population
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Placement
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United States
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 367
EP  - 372
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 37
IS  - 8
N2  - RN-to-BSN students reflect an array of experiences often so diverse the traditional student placement challenges neither students nor preceptors. In response to this need for an alternate to the standard clinical placement for RN students, a collaborative model was developed. Because of dramatic changes in the health care environment, the "traditional" placement for students is no longer readily available nor necessarily appropriate. These circumstances, combined with the uniqueness of RN-to-BSN students prompted the authors to develop the Preceptoring Map. The model was developed in collaboration with the research department of Massachusetts General Hospital. The Preceptoring Map designates two tracks, the N track and the P track. Using Benner's novice to expert theories, the tracks were operationalized to the student population. Determining which track will be most appropriate is multifaceted. Included in the evaluation process are the students' work experiences and expertise, critical-thinking skills assessment, and self-assessment. Faculty review these outcomes, combined with an indepth interview with the placement coordinator, to match students and preceptors for the most successful clinical placements
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 658
T1  - Bus rounds for medical congresses on palliative care
A1  - Bruera,E.
A1  - Fornells,H.
A1  - Perez,E.
A1  - Tattangelo,M.
A1  - Neumann,C.M.
Y1  - 1998/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9833302 IN - Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Canada AS - Support Care Cancer. 6(6):529-32, 1998 Nov JC - 9302957, b1l SB - IM CP - GERMANY PT - Clinical Conference PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Congresses/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Medical Oncology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Palliative Care
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Female
KW  - Germany
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 529
EP  - 532
JF  - Supportive Care in Cancer.Vol.11(11)()(pp 686-695), 2003.
J1  - Supportive Care in Cancer
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
N2  - Three 4-hour bus rounds were organized as part of an international palliative care congress, to promote patient-based education both at home and in acute care hospitals. Patient cases were presented and discussed en route to and from each visit. A total of 23 medical specialists visited 16 patients (10 in three different hospitals and 6 at home). A mean of 5.3 cases were presented during each round. A total of nine journal club articles were presented, a mean of three (2-4) articles per round. A questionnaire was filled out anonymously by all 23 participants. On a scale of 1 (worst) to 5 (best) they gave the rounds an overall rating of 5 (range 4-5). These findings suggest bus rounds provide an opportunity for intensive exposure to patient-based learning, both in acute care hospitals and at home
SN  - 0941-4355
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 659
T1  - Clinical exemplars describing expert staff nursing practices
A1  - Brykczynski,K.A.
Y1  - 1998/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10076268 IN - University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Nursing, Galveston 77555-1029, USA AS - J Nurs Manag. 6(6):351-9, 1998 Nov JC - bzy, 9306050 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Job Description
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Exemplars
KW  - competency
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Teaching
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - Observation
KW  - Participant Observation
KW  - Performance
KW  - Phenomenological Research
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Texas
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 351
EP  - 359
JF  - Journal of Nursing Management
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
N2  - AIM: This study was undertaken to identify and describe expert staff nursing practices in a large teaching hospital in south-western USA. BACKGROUND: Differentiation of the skill level of staff nurses is important for assuring safe, quality care. In the current atmosphere of corporate, downsizing, shortened hospital stays, cross training and continued high staff nurse turnover rates, it is of critical importance to identify and describe the essential contributions of expert nursing practice and to recognize and reward nurses according to their skill level. METHOD: Clinical situation interviews and participant observations were conducted using the interpretative phenomenological research approach. Narrative data were obtained and analysed systematically in multiple stages to identify and describe recurring meanings, themes, exemplars and constitutive patterns. FINDINGS: The final stage of data analysis involved interpretation of the narrative text using Benner's (1984) 'domains and competencies of nursing practice' as a framework. These competencies were validated in this study and 16 new competencies were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Expert staff nursing practices described in this project are not behaviours commonly defined as organizational expectations in performance appraisals for staff nurses. These practices need to be incorporated into position descriptions, performance appraisals and clinical ladders to recognize, foster and acknowledge the significance of expert nursing practice
SN  - 0966-0429
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 660
T1  - Moving towards evidence based emergency medicine: use of a structured critical appraisal journal club.[see comment]
A1  - Carley,S.D.
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
A1  - Jones,A.
A1  - Morton,R.J.
A1  - Dollery,W.
A1  - Maurice,S.
A1  - Niklaus,L.
A1  - Donnan,S.
Y1  - 1998/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9681303 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary. s.carley@btinternet.com CM - Comment in: Emerg Med J. 2002 Mar;19(2):184-5; PMID: 11904282, Comment in: J Accid Emerg Med. 1999 May;16(3):238-9; PMID: 10419330 AS - J Accid Emerg Med. 15(4):220-2, 1998 Jul JC - b0u, 9433751 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 220
EP  - 222
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2.(22 ref)
J1  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SN  - 1351-0622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 661
T1  - [Evidence based medicine. A new paradigm for medical practice]. [Portuguese]
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 1998/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9951064 IN - Servico de Medicina IV, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa OT - A medicina baseada na evidencia. Um novo paradigma para a pratica Medica AS - Acta Med Port. 11(8-9):717-37, 1998 Aug-Sep JC - 7906803 SB - IM CP - PORTUGAL PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Time
KW  - transform
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 717
EP  - 737
JF  - Acta Medica Portuguesa
VL  - 11
IS  - 8-9
N2  - Modern medical practice is an ever-changing process, and the doctor's need for information has been partially met by continuous medical education (CME) activities. It has been shown that CME activities have not prevented clinical knowledge, as well as medical practice, from deteriorating with time. When faced with the need to get the most recent and relevant information possible, the busy clinician has two major problems: most of the published medical literature is either irrelevant or not useful; and there is little time to read it. Evidence-based medicine constitutes a new paradigm for medical practice in the sense that it tries to transform clinical problems into well formulated clinical questions, selecting and critically appraising scientific evidence with predefined and rigorous rules. It combines the expertise of the individual clinician with the best external evidence from clinical research for rational, ethical and efficacious practice. Evidence-based medicine can be taught and practiced by physicians with different degrees of autonomy, with several subspecialties, working in the hospital or in outpatient clinics, alone or in groups
SN  - 0870-399X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 662
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine. 3. Systematic reviews: a tool for clinical practice, permanent education and health policy decisions. Italian Group on Evidence-Based Medicine-GIMBE]. [Italian]
A1  - Cartabellotta,A.
A1  - Minella,C.
A1  - Bevilacqua,L.
A1  - Caltagirone,P.
Y1  - 1998/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9658904 IN - Gruppo Italiano per la Medicina Basata sulle Evidenze-GIMBE, Palermo. editor@gimbe.org OT - Evidence-based medicine. 3. Le revisioni sistematiche: uno strumento per la pratica clinica, la formazione permanente e le decisioni di politica sanitaria. Gruppo Italiano per la Medicina Basata sulle Evidenze-GIMBE AS - Recenti Prog Med. 89(6):329-37, 1998 Jun JC - r1t, 0401271 SB - IM CP - ITALY PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 329
EP  - 337
JF  - Recenti Progressi in Medicina
VL  - 89
IS  - 6
N2  - The reviews of research, summarizing a great amount of studies in a manageable format, are invaluable tools for physicians, inundated with enormous amount of biomedical information. However, narrative reviews are often misleading because, mixing together opinions of authors and results of research, the relation between clinical recommendation and evidence is partial and based on a biased citation of primary studies. In contrast to narrative reviews, the systematic reviews assemble, critically appraise, and synthesize the results of primary studies addressing a specific topic. Additionally their authors use strategies for minimizing bias and random error. The science of systematic reviews is now supported by the Cochrane Collaboration, an international network established for "preparing, maintaining and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health care". The authors provide tools for searching, critically appraising and using in practice the systematic reviews, which use can help physicians to improve the transfer of research in clinical practice, a task obliged by limitation of financial resources to physicians of any health service
SN  - 0034-1193
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 663
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine. 1. The transfer of research results to clinical practice. The Italian Group for Evidence-Based Medicine-GIMBE]. [Italian]
A1  - Cartabellotta,A.
Y1  - 1998/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9586430 IN - gimbe@gimbe.org OT - Evidence-based medicine. 1. Il trasferimento dei risultati della ricerca alla pratica clinica. Gruppo Italiano per la Medicina Basata sulle Evidenze-GIMBE AS - Recenti Prog Med. 89(3):140-50, 1998 Mar JC - r1t, 0401271 SB - IM CP - ITALY PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Publishing
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Services
KW  - interest
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Policy
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - progress
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 140
EP  - 150
JF  - Recenti Progressi in Medicina
VL  - 89
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based Medicine, born officially in November 1992, during last five years is grown everywhere, showing its power to influence virtually all aspects of health care: clinical practice, medical education, patient information and health policy. Because of the raising interest also in Italy for the new paradigm of clinical practice, "Recently Progress in Medicina" launches a series of articles with the aim of giving to physicians tools and skills for searching, critically appraising and implementing in their own decisions the best results of clinical research. For a better explanation of practical aspects of Evidence-based Medicine, the first article discusses about several obstacles existing in transferring correctly and timely the results of research into clinical practice, and about the potential role of Evidence-based Medicine in the evolution of the medical art and the health systems of the third millennium
SN  - 0034-1193
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 664
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and cost-effectiveness analysis
A1  - Chalfin,D.B.
Y1  - 1998/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9700446 IN - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York, USA AS - Crit Care Clin. 14(3):525-37, 1998 Jul JC - ccc, 8507720 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care/ec [Economics]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Models,Economic
KW  - New York
KW  - principles
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 525
EP  - 537
JF  - Critical Care Clinics
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - Health care has become increasingly expensive and clinicians have come under increased scrutiny to critically appraise the economic impact of medical programs and interventions. To ensure an equitable allocation of scarce resources and the attainment of maximal clinical benefit, it is vital to adhere to certain basic tenets of economic analysis and to understand the basic approach to cost-effectiveness analysis. These principles are applied to critical care medicine and analogies are made to the methodological rigor of evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0749-0704
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 665
T1  - [Persistence of critical-reading learning in medical residents]. [Spanish]
A1  - Cobos-Aguilar,H.
A1  - Espinosa-Alarcon,P.A.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 1998/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9608789 IN - Depto. de Educacion Medica e Investigacion, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS OT - Persistencia del aprendizaje de lectura critica en medicos residentes AS - Rev Invest Clin. 50(1):43-6, 1998 Jan-Feb JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - MEXICO PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Paper
KW  - participation
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Personnel
KW  - researchers
KW  - Resident
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - testing
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Training
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 46
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVES: 1. To evaluate the persistence of a training course on critical reading of medical articles by medical residents seven months after training. 2. To compare the persistence of training according to type of training (participative vs expositive). METHODS: We used the same groups of first year medical residents of a previous study. They had received seven months before a 30 hours training in the reading of research articles: Group I (N = 28) had a course of active participation by reading articles previous to meeting discussions; II (n = 17) exposition of research themes by active researchers; III (n = 23) same as II but with non-research trainers. Using an examination questionnaire developed and validated by us to explore critical reading of research papers, the trainees were scored after finishing their training (initial score). Seven months later we retested them using the same test (not all were retested: two were missing in groups I and III and six in Group II). Non parametric statistics were used to compare the groups (Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney). RESULTS: There were no intragroup differences of the retesting versus the initial median in the three groups (I had 17.5 vs 19 initial, II had 7 vs 13, III had 6 vs 3). In the initial testing, Groups I and II scored higher than III, but only Group I was higher than the other groups upon retesting (p < 0.006). CONCLUSION: An active participatory training to promote critical reading was better than the traditional training techniques still widely used
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 666
T1  - Evidence-based critical care medicine: a potential tool for change. [Review] [24 refs]
A1  - Cook,D.
Y1  - 1998/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9508254 IN - Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada AS - New Horiz. 6(1):20-5, 1998 Feb JC - b45, 9416195 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Responsibility
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Total Quality Management
KW  - Training
KW  - trends
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 25
JF  - New Horizons
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - This issue of New Horizons is about change. While our traditional apprenticeship model of physician training has served us well, adaptation is required for the new millennium. Among several sectoral trends in medicine, two are particularly relevant for intensivists: a) the information explosion and b) increased accountability to society regarding effective, efficient, compassionate, and culturally sensitive care. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) (or any other single initiative, for that matter) is not going to address all of tomorrow's challenges. However, EBM does help by enhancing clinical informatics and critical appraisal skills so that clinicians are better able to keep up with the growing literature, and decide whether, and if so, this literature applies to individual patients. In addition, EBM can help to highlight the determinants of clinical decisions, which may include contributions of caregiver knowledge, patient pathophysiology, research evidence, patient and societal values, and increasingly, costs. While EBM is best practiced at the individual level, its application to other aspects of health care is growing. [References: 24]
SN  - 1063-7389
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 667
T1  - How to use a review article: prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Evidence Based Critical Care Medicine Group
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Levy,M.M.
A1  - Heyland,D.K.
Y1  - 1998/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9559606 IN - Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada AS - Crit Care Med. 26(4):692-700, 1998 Apr JC - dtf, 0355501 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Case Reports PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Esophageal and Gastric Varices/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Sclerotherapy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Endoscopy,Digestive System
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/et [Etiology]
KW  - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Sclerotherapy/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 692
EP  - 700
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of a meta-analysis about sclerotherapy for the primary prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices, to interpret the results, and discuss whether they apply in practice. DATA SOURCES: Critical appraisal techniques for systematic reviews. DATA EXTRACTION: Systematic reviews are distinct from narrative reviews in that they answer specific clinical questions, and have explicit and reproducible methods for searching, selecting, and appraising the primary studies, to create the most valid synthesis of the evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses are systematic reviews containing a critical appraisal and statistical summary of individual study results and their confidence limits, whereas qualitative systematic reviews provide a narrative executive summary of study results. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality systematic reviews are being used increasingly to guide practice, strengthening the link between research results and improved health outcomes. Understanding their strengths and limitations helps us to use them appropriately in practice
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 668
T1  - Treatment of lichen planus. An evidence-based medicine analysis of efficacy.[see comment]. [Review] [153 refs]
A1  - Cribier,B.
A1  - Frances,C.
A1  - Chosidow,O.
Y1  - 1998/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9875189 IN - Dermatology Clinic, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France CM - Comment in: Arch Dermatol. 1999 Nov;135(11):1420-1; PMID: 10566854 AS - Arch Dermatol. 134(12):1521-30, 1998 Dec JC - 6wu, 0372433 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Lichen Planus/th [Therapy]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Biosis
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Error
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1521
EP  - 1530
JF  - Archives of Dermatology
VL  - 134
IS  - 12
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the body of literature concerning treatment of lichen planus (LP). DESIGN: Review of MEDLINE and BIOSIS databases to identify articles published with at least an English abstract before March 1998 that examined treatment of LP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Forming a primary database on which most recommendations are based. We thus selected 83 clinical trials or small series of patients in the medical literature that referenced clinical data on patients treated for LP. RESULTS: There are no large randomized trials with definitive results in the medical literature examining the efficacy of the various drugs or physical treatments of LP. There are only 3 level B trials (small randomized trials with uncertain results because of moderate to high alpha or beta error) that address efficacy of treatment in LP, i.e., 1 with acitretin in cutaneous LP and 2 with topical corticosteroids in mucosal LP. The remainder of the published trials are observational and are not always prospective. Many of the recommendations of the experts are based on their personal experience. CONCLUSIONS: Although LP may be associated with substantial morbidity and altered quality of life, especially the erosive mucosal LP, definitive clinical trials have not been performed. Acitretin is the first-line therapy in cutaneous LP. The efficacy of systemic corticosteroids and psoralen plus UV-A therapy has not been established with a high level of proof. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line therapy in mucosal erosive LP. Other treatments, such as topical cyclosporine or extracorporeal photochemotherapy, remain to be evaluated. European-US cooperation is warranted to perform large randomized controlled trials in cutaneous and mucosal LP. [References: 153]
SN  - 0003-987X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 669
T1  - Using biomedical databases in everyday clinical practice: the Front-Line Evidence-Based Medicine project in North Thames
A1  - Cumbers,B.J.
A1  - Donald,A.
Y1  - 1998/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10344946 IN - Avery Jones Postgraduate Centre Library, Central Middlesex Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK AS - Health Libr Rev. 15(4):255-65, 1998 Dec JC - asn, 8607228 SB - H CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries,Hospital/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Library
KW  - London
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 255
EP  - 265
JF  - Health Libraries Review.1999 Dec; 16(4): 243-8.(6 bib)
J1  - Health Libraries Review
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
N2  - The aims of this project were to assess the feasibility of using biomedical databases in everyday clinical settings, and the infrastructure needed to support such practice. Fourteen firms or units whose lead clinician was enthusiastic for the principles of evidence-based medicine were provided with 24-h access to databases in their clinics or offices. All members of the firms were trained in the principles of evidence-based practice and in the use of databases for finding evidence. The firms were volunteers from a variety of specialties in both hospital and community Trusts in North Thames Region. Assessment of changes in practice was carried out by questionnaire and interview. Also, any changes needed to improve the use of primary research data in everyday clinical settings was investigated. Seven firms found that the project had made their journal clubs and their clinical discussion meetings more structured and focused, with research evidence for and against interventions discussed. The use of evidence in a case-related form was limited by the time available. The other seven firms were: dissatisfied with their training, dissatisfied with their computer facilities or lacked time. The changes necessary to improve the utilization of research data included: closer collaboration with librarians, continuing training and fast delivery of documents. The limitations of this study are that initial data were not recorded and the assessments made were subjective. Using biomedical databases in everyday clinical practice could be feasible provided that there is a coordinated implementation strategy, which requires a significant commitment of time and resources from all parties involved (clinicians, other health care professionals, librarians and managers)
SN  - 0265-6647
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 670
T1  - Self and tutor evaluations in problem-based learning tutorials: is there a relationship?
A1  - Das,M.
A1  - Mpofu,D.
A1  - Dunn,E.
A1  - Lanphear,J.H.
Y1  - 1998/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9743805 IN - Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates AS - Med Educ. 32(4):411-8, 1998 Jul JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Self-Evaluation Programs
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Peer Evaluation
KW  - Performance
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - self
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 411
EP  - 418
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - It is now recognized that acquiring specific skills in self-evaluation helps students in a more general appraisal of their overall performance. Self- and peer-evaluation skills are essential prerequisites for the success of every doctor in maintaining professional competence. In the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS) of the United Arab Emirates, problem-based learning (PBL) is instituted in the first year. Self-evaluation by students and tutor rating of students' performances are an integral part of the PBL tutorials. This has provided the opportunity to conduct a systematic study of the role of self-evaluation by students as distinct from the tutor evaluation of students in the PBL tutorials for five themes. The study sample included all preparatory year (first-year) students who joined the FMHS in 1994 and 1995. A total number of 64 students participated, of whom 17 (26%) were male and 47 (74%) female. Mean self-evaluation scores were high throughout the module and did not follow any trend from theme one to theme five. While self and tutor scores were similar, male student self-evaluation scores were higher than for female students on overall scores. The sharing of assessment reports between students and tutors has been perceived to be a useful tool for the students' development of the skills of analysis, differentiation and critical appraisal
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 671
T1  - Physiatric research fellows' perceptions of the quality of their training
A1  - DeLisa,J.A.
A1  - Jain,S.S.
A1  - Kirshblum,S.
Y1  - 1998/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9798833 IN - Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2406, USA AS - Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 77(5):412-4, 1998 Sep-Oct JC - 8803677, ajo SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Fellowships and Scholarships
KW  - *Physical Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Authorship
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Paper
KW  - Perception
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - School
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
EP  - 414
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
VL  - 77
IS  - 5
N2  - A survey was conducted to evaluate the physiatric research fellowship training. A 22-item questionnaire was sent to the 42 identified physiatrists who had completed at least a 1-yr research fellowship. Twenty-nine of these individuals (69%) responded. The physiatrists, all of whom have completed their research fellowships, uniformly cited competent faculty research mentors as being critical, even if they were not in the same department. Having protected research time as well as a research didactic program and journal club were highly rated issues. The trainees preferred a 2-yr fellowship that also stressed initiation of their own research, grant writing and management experience, and first authorship on research papers. We conclude that the majority of the research fellows agree on what are important issues with respect to their training
SN  - 0894-9115
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 672
T1  - Teaching problem-solving and clinical reasoning: 20 years experience with video-supported small-group learning
A1  - Dequeker,J.
A1  - Jaspaert,R.
Y1  - 1998/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9743800 IN - Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium AS - Med Educ. 32(4):384-9, 1998 Jul JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Consensus
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Procedure
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Differential Diagnosis
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - formulation
KW  - History
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Note
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - reform
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Risk
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Video Recording
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 384
EP  - 389
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - In the context of a curriculum reform the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leuven, Belgium, introduced a new teaching project: video-supported small-group learning on problem-solving and clinical reasoning. The aim of this study is to reflect 20 years experience. The video-supported sessions for sixth-year medical students during their practical year in peripheral hospitals were constructed in four stages. The first stage is the video presentation of a case with history-taking and physical examination. The student and three tutors of internal medicine make notes and can ask further questions and perform additional physical examination acts after the video presentation. The coordinator of the course, who knows the patient, then simulates the patient and the doctor to answer the questions. The second stage consists of making up individually a synoptic problem list, integrating history and physical examination; a differential diagnosis list with the most likely diagnosis fitting the problem list; and a list with investigations to be asked for confirming the diagnosis. The third stage consists of three small student groups discussing the three lists requested in stage 2. Each small group of students, passively assisted by a tutor, has to come to the consensus lists. The fourth stage is the confrontation of the consensus lists of the three groups with the aim of coming to an overall agreement. At this stage tutors are more actively involved in the discussion. Several learning processes are involved in this way of teaching. During the first stage the students learn the traditional teaching 'see one, do one and teach one', a demonstration of a full history and physical examination. By asking for additional information they learn by a critical attitude and by developing a strategy of fact-finding. During the second and third stages, by making their lists and during the consensus processes, they learn the significance of individual findings, problem-framing and the synthesis of history and physical examination data in medical concepts. The third and fourth parts of the sessions bring up the process of clinical reasoning, formulation of a working hypothesis, the discussion of the pathophysiology of findings, clustering of problems and epidemiological considerations as incidence and prevalence. Finally, the exercise to select diagnostic tests gives the students the possibility of appreciating the value of sensitivity/specificity and risks, benefits and costs of diagnostic procedures. These video-supported clinical problem-solving and reasoning sessions were positively appraised by students, teachers and medical faculty over the years. Over 20 years, more than 90 cases have been recorded on video, with a widespread variation in diagnoses and clinical presentations. Small-group teaching with the aid of a video case, as described in this paper, can promote enjoyable learning for students and teachers
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 673
T1  - Readiness of critical care physicians and nurses to handle requests for organ donation
A1  - Evanisko,M.J.
A1  - Beasley,C.L.
A1  - Brigham,L.E.
A1  - Capossela,C.
A1  - Cosgrove,G.R.
A1  - Light,J.
A1  - Mellor,S.
A1  - Poretsky,A.
A1  - McNamara,P.
Y1  - 1998/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9429678 IN - Partnership for Organ Donation, Boston, Mass. 02109, USA AS - Am J Crit Care. 7(1):4-12, 1998 Jan JC - bum, 9211547 SB - E, IM, N CP - UNITED STATES NT - KIE BoB Subject Heading: organ and tissue donation Full author name: Evanisko, Michael J Full author name: Beasley, Carol L Full author name: Brigham, Lori E Full author name: Capossela, Carie Full author name: Cosgrove, G Rees Full author name: Light, Jimmy Full author name: Mellor, Sharon Full author name: Poretsky, Andrea Full author name: McNamara, Patrick PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Nurses/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Tissue and Organ Procurement
KW  - *Tissue Donors/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Death/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Death
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inservice Training
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care Team
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - progress
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Training
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 12
JF  - American Journal of Critical Care.2002 Sep; 11(5): 415-31.(31 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Critical Care
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Critical care nurses and physicians usually care for those patients whose condition progresses to brain death and are also often responsible for requesting organ donation from the family of a brain-dead patient. We hypothesized that staff support, knowledge, and training levels would be significantly associated with organ donation rates. OBJECTIVE: To assess the readiness of critical care staff to successfully handle requests for organ donation. METHODS: A total of 1061 critical care staff from 28 hospitals in four separate regions of the United States completed a questionnaire that assessed (1) factual knowledge about organ donation, (2) understanding of brain death, (3) previous training in procedures for requesting donations, and (4) comfort levels with the donation process. RESULTS: Staff training in effective procedures for requesting organ donations was significantly correlated with hospitals' donation rates. Less than a third of respondents, however, had received training in explaining brain death to and requesting organ donation from a grieving family. In hospitals with high rates of organ donation, 52.9% of staff had received training; in hospitals with low rates of organ donation, 23.5% of staff had received training. Levels of factual knowledge about organ donation and brain death were unexpectedly low but were not significantly related to hospitals' rates of organ donation. CONCLUSIONS: Training of critical care nurses and physicians in effective procedures for requesting organ donation is significantly associated with higher rates of organ donation, yet two thirds of critical care staff report no relevant training. Consequently, critical care staff cannot be considered ready to effectively handle requests for organ donation
SN  - 1062-3264
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 674
T1  - From trial data to practical knowledge: qualitative study of how general practitioners have accessed and used evidence about statin drugs in their management of hypercholesterolaemia
A1  - Fairhurst,K.
A1  - Huby,G.
Y1  - 1998/10/24/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9784451 IN - Department of Community Health Sciences (General Practice), University of Edinburgh, Levinson House, Edinburgh EH8 9DX. Karen.Fairhurst@ed.ac.uk AS - BMJ. 317(7166):1130-4, 1998 Oct 24 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Anticholesteremic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Hypercholesterolemia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 0 (Anticholesteremic Agents)
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Consensus
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Guideline Adherence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Lipid
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Secondary Prevention
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statin
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1134
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 317
IS  - 7166
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To explore how general practitioners have accessed and evaluated evidence from trials on the use of statin lipid lowering drugs and incorporated this evidence into their practice. To draw out the practical implications of this study for strategies to integrate clinical evidence into general medical practice. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews. SETTING: General practices in Lothian. SUBJECTS: 24 general practitioners selected to obtain a heterogeneous sample. RESULTS: Respondents were generally aware of the evidence relating to the use of statins in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, but they were less clear about the evidence in primary prevention. The benefits of statins in secondary prevention were clearer to them and the social and economic issues less complex than was the case for use in primary prevention. Respondents rarely said they appraised the methods and content of trials, rather they judged the trustworthiness of the source of trial evidence and interpreted it within the context of the economic and social factors which impinge on their practice. Moreover, trial data become relevant for routine practice only when underpinned by a consensus on these issues. CONCLUSION: Strategies to promote incorporation of evidence from clinical trials into everyday practice are likely to be effective if they tap into and build on the process of local consensus building. Strategies such as teaching critical appraisal skills and guideline development may have little effect if they are separated from this process
SN  - 0959-8138
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 675
T1  - Teaching medical informatics a la carte: a curriculum for the professional palate
A1  - Faraino,R.L.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10557832 IN - Frederick L. Ehrman Medical Library, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA AS - Med Ref Serv Q. 17(2):69-77, 1998 JC - mrs, 8219208 SB - H CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Academic Medical Centers/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Computer User Training
KW  - *Education Department,Hospital/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Staff Development
KW  - Allied Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - Appetite
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Goals and Objectives
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - New York City
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - professionals
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 77
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
N2  - Health professionals as well as students vary greatly in their appetite for medical informatics and evidence-based medicine. The information professional is challenged by the need for instructional programs that support the use of medical informatics to a diverse audience. For teaching programs to be successfully received, the information professional must be able to offer an adaptable curriculum that can be arranged to meet the differing needs of a wide range of health professionals. The Educational Services Department at New York University Medical Center has designed and implemented a multidisciplinary curriculum that serves as a model for health and information professionals to meet a variety of goals and objectives. This paper describes how the curriculum evolved. It is presented as a menu of offerings that may be coordinated and adapted to meet the varying skills and needs of clinicians, basic scientists, residency training programs, medical student clerkships, and nursing and allied health programs. Informatics programs that may include workshops in basic computer skills, identification of information resources, the structure of information, developing search strategies in support of evidence-based medicine, identifying qualitative journal literature, and critical appraisal of the literature, are easily adapted to any audience and schedule
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 676
T1  - 'It comes together at the end': the impact of a one-year subject in Nursing Inquiry on philosophies of nursing
A1  - Francis,D.
A1  - Owens,J.
A1  - Tollefson,J.
Y1  - 1998/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10188488 IN - James Cook University, Smithfield, North Queensland AS - Nurs Inq. 5(4):268-78, 1998 Dec JC - cbd, 9505881 SB - N CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Faculty,Nursing
KW  - *Job Description
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Nursing Methodology Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Authority
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - complexity
KW  - context
KW  - critical inquiry
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - data
KW  - Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - Paper
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Queensland
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - researchers
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 268
EP  - 278
JF  - Nursing Inquiry.1999 Mar; 6(1): 17-25.(38 ref)
J1  - Nursing Inquiry
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - This paper reframes an interpretive study as critical inquiry as the researchers interrogate their roles and authority in the 'reading' of what is valued as reflective. Working from data collected in written philosophies and interviews within the context of a one-year subject aimed at developing reflective practice and an appreciation of ways of knowing, this paper examines the change in philosophies of nursing perceived by three university-based educators and their students. The study reveals a growing appreciation of the complexity of nursing but a limited consideration of the dialectic of critical theorising and everyday engagement necessary to critical reflection and reconstruction of action. More importantly, the process of research collaboration raises questions of the soul-searching necessary for university educators to act against the institutionalised political context that determines what is seen to be of value in student learning
SN  - 1320-7881
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 677
T1  - Incorporating individualized quality of life measures in the evaluation of pharmacy services: the IN*COMPASS framework. [Review] [80 refs]
A1  - Funderburk,F.R.
A1  - Pathak,D.S.
A1  - Pleil,A.M.
Y1  - 1998/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10174749 IN - College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA AS - Pharm Pract Manag Q. 17(4):54-66, 1998 Jan JC - cec, 9508902 SB - H CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Pharmaceutical Services/st [Standards]
KW  - *Quality-Adjusted Life Years
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - College
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Pharmacy
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - Management
KW  - Messages
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient-Centered Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Patient-Centered Care/st [Standards]
KW  - patients
KW  - Pharmaceutical Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Management
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional-Patient Relations
KW  - progress
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Sickness Impact Profile
KW  - Software Design
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 54
EP  - 66
JF  - Pharmacy Practice Management Quarterly
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
N2  - Quality of life is a fascinating field to researchers and practitioners alike. To some researchers, quality of life is of interest because it offers untold challenges in constructing instruments and capturing data necessary to answer key questions about health, disease, and treatment. For such researchers, quality of life is about statistical relationships among questions and about using questions to define the physical, social, and emotional domains of health. To other researchers, this field is about finding practical applications in policy and treatment decision making for the information provided by quality of life assessments. To these researchers, the focus of quality of life is on ways to apply knowledge of quality of life differences between groups with and without specific diseases or ways to use knowledge about how treatments affect the quality of life of various patient populations. To practitioners, quality of life is about treatment outcomes that impact individual patients' daily lives. It is the practitioner that Funderburk, Pleil, and Pathak are considering in their paper in this issue of Pharmacy Practice Management Quarterly. These authors give several important messages to practitioners seeking to serve their patients by incorporating quality of life into their practices. The key message in the paper is that to better understand and determine the impact of treatment on a patient's quality of life, it is critical to start with a baseline or reference point relevant to that patient. From that baseline or reference point, treatment decisions can be made and progress, in quality of life terms, can be evaluated. Critical questions in their framework, which is called the IN*COMPASS (Individualized Client Oriented Method for Preferred Alleviation of Sickness States) Approach, are "How are you now?" and "How would you like to be?" The authors do not endorse particular quality of life tools in their approach; rather they prescribe certain critical questions that must be answered if information captured by any quality of life tool is to be useful at the patient level. Readers should not be put off by the fancy acronym used in this paper; nor must readers be keen students of quality of life to appreciate its message. The IN*COMPASS approach is fundamental to good patient care and can be applied by practitioners with any level of understanding of and appreciation for quality of life assessments. [References: 80]
SN  - 1080-5737
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 678
T1  - Where's the evidence? How to find clinical-effectiveness information
A1  - Glanville,J.
Y1  - 1998/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10177049 IN - NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, England AS - Clin Perform Qual Health Care. 6(1):44-8, 1998 Jan-Mar JC - b3f, 9305935 SB - H CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Personnel
KW  - Health Service
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Medline
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Organization
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/td [Trends]
KW  - Review
KW  - Sibling
KW  - Skill
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Management
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 44
EP  - 48
JF  - Clinical Performance & Quality Health Care
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - The National Health Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination is the sibling organization to the UK Cochrane Centre, which is part of the Cochrane Collaboration. The two centers form part of a UK-government-funded initiative to provide information for research-based health care in a variety of ways, ranging from databases to printed publications. The new evidence-based culture in health care presents new challenges to healthcare professionals, who have discovered that systematic reviews and evidence-based guidelines are useful tools in the struggle to stay abreast of published research. However, the numbers of reviews and guidelines are increasing, and keeping track of them presents a new problem. Keeping up-to-data with research is a continuing issue because of constraints in time, resources, and poor search interfaces. There also are challenges in acquiring or developing skills, such as information retrieval to locate research, as well as critical appraisal abilities to evaluate research. However, there are many existing resources that can supply information on clinical effectiveness and many developing services that are trying to provide access to research information in timely and intuitive ways
SN  - 1063-0279
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 679
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal to medical students in obstetrics and gynecology
A1  - Grimes,D.A.
A1  - Bachicha,J.A.
A1  - Learman,L.A.
Y1  - 1998/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9794687 IN - Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA. dgrimes@fhi.org AS - Obstet Gynecol. 92(5):877-82, 1998 Nov JC - oc2, 0401101 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Gynecology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Obstetrics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - California
KW  - Contraception
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - Feedback
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Women's Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 877
EP  - 882
JF  - Obstetrics & Gynecology.Vol.106(3)()(pp 593-601), 2005.
J1  - Obstetrics & Gynecology
VL  - 92
IS  - 5
N2  - Critical appraisal might be the most important skill to acquire in medical school. Despite its importance, this issue has received little attention in obstetrics and gynecology training. This article describes the approach used at San Francisco General Hospital. We teach critical appraisal in several ways. We provide a series of student seminars that foster critical reading of the literature. Topics range from technology assessment to contraception to sexually transmitted diseases. Evidence-based ward rounds complement the experience. During the rotation, each student formally reviews one topic in women's health using the US Preventive Services Task Force rating system. Although we lack a quantitative assessment of this approach, student feedback has been enthusiastic. Critical appraisal skills enable students to continue their medical education after completion of their formal training
SN  - 0029-7844
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 680
T1  - Using informatics principles and tools to harness research evidence for patient care: evidence-based informatics
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10384550 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. bhaynes@fhs.mcmaster.ca AS - Medinfo. 9 Pt 1:suppl 33-6, 1998 JC - cfg, 7600347 SB - IM CP - CANADA PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *Decision Support Systems,Clinical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Support System
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - t
EP  - 6
JF  - Medinfo
VL  - 9
N2  - With the huge worldwide investment in biomedical research during the past 50 years, there are many important advances in health care knowledge each year. Unfortunately, it commonly takes over 20 years for even the most important of these advances to be widely integrated into clinical practice. Many potentially remediable factors are responsible for this dilemma in research transfer, including defective continuing education for health professionals and patients; increasingly complex medical regimens; diminishing resources for health care; and inadequate evidence management. The principles and procedures of health informatics can help overcome some of these barriers to research transfer, particularly such evidence management tasks as retrieving, processing, summarizing, disseminating and applying evidence for clinical care. Evidence retrieval has been improved by better indexing and electronic search engines, by improved access from clinical and other settings, and by integration of evidence into clinical decision support systems. Evidence processing has been greatly accelerated by streamlined methods of critical appraisal of research and by centralization of these procedures for the development of current awareness publications and cumulative "best evidence" databases. The Cochrane Collaboration has revolutionized the summarization (systematic review) of evidence. The internet has provided access to patients, practitioners, and policy makers, alike. Direct-from-patient automated data collection promises to move the connection between evidence and practice to a higher level. In all of these innovations, health care practice is most likely to be enhanced by intertwining best evidence with best informatics techniques
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 681
T1  - Does evidence-based medicine help the development of clinical practice guidelines?
A1  - Heffner,J.E.
Y1  - 1998/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9515888 IN - University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Phoenix, USA. jheffner@mha.chw.edu AS - Chest. 113(3 Suppl):172S-178S, 1998 Mar JC - 0231335, d1c SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - Health Science
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 178S
JF  - Chest.Vol.128(2)()(pp 507-517), 2005.
J1  - Chest
VL  - 113
IS  - 3:Suppl
N2  - Formal methods for the development of clinical practice guidelines have emerged to address societal needs to decrease physician practice variation, slow the rise of health-care costs, monitor inappropriate care, assist clinicians to stay abreast of new clinical information, set research priorities, and promote better health-care outcomes. Evidence-based methods ensure that guidelines provide valid recommendations based on a critical appraisal of the best available evidence rather than informal, opinion-based processes
SN  - 0012-3692
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 682
T1  - Residents find clinical practice guidelines valuable as educational and clinical tools
A1  - Helwig,A.
A1  - Bower,D.
A1  - Wolff,M.
A1  - Guse,C.
Y1  - 1998/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9624522 IN - Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. ahelwig@post.its.mcw.edu AS - Fam Med. 30(6):431-5, 1998 Jun JC - fal, 8306464 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Screening
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty Role
KW  - Faculty,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Residency Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Role
KW  - Screening
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 431
EP  - 435
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Information regarding clinical practice guideline (CPG) use in residency education is limited. We surveyed a regional population of family practice residents to determine use, attitudes, and curricular needs for practice guidelines. METHODS: A written survey was developed that measured residents' exposure to, frequency of use, attitudes, access, and knowledge about use of CPGs. The survey was mailed to 114 family practice residents. RESULTS: The response rate was 75%. The most frequently seen guidelines were immunization schedules, cancer screening, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension management. The residents reported positive attitudes toward CPGs; 75% thought CPGs were easy to use, 80% thought they improved their efficiency, 78% thought they improved their residency education, and 75% thought they improved patient care. Barriers to effective use of practice guidelines were also identified; 20% knew where to find guidelines in their clinic, 35% had faculty modeling, and 22% knew how to evaluate the validity of a guideline. Eighty-nine percent of respondents desired instruction on CPG use and interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: The surveyed family practice residents have similar usage rates for CPGs as the literature reports for practicing physicians, but residents report more positive attitudes. Barriers that prevent effective use of CPGs in training environments include lack of critical appraisal abilities and faculty role modeling
SN  - 0742-3225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 683
T1  - Evaluation of a programme of workshops for promoting the teaching of critical appraisal skills
A1  - Ibbotson,T.
A1  - Grimshaw,J.
A1  - Grant,A.
Y1  - 1998/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10211289 IN - Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK AS - Med Educ. 32(5):486-91, 1998 Sep JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - principles
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 486
EP  - 491
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
N2  - The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of four training workshops at the inception of a programme to cascade critical appraisal skills training throughout Scotland. Data were collected from all participants and organizers at four commissioned critical appraisal skills training workshops in Scotland. The collection of data involved three components: a survey of workshop participants before and after each workshop to determine knowledge of the principles of clinical effectiveness; semi-structured interviews with organizers before, during and after the programme of commissioned workshops to assess views on the workshops; and a postal survey to determine involvement in critical appraisal activities following the initial workshops. The main outcome measures were 'change in knowledge' and subsequent involvement in teaching. An average of 41 people attended each workshop. Participants improved their scores on understanding of clinical effectiveness. Not all of the improvement can be ascribed to the workshops, however, because control item scores also improved, albeit to a lesser extent. The workshops were perceived as an acceptable way of acquiring critical appraisal skills, but doubts were expressed about whether participants would be able to roll out the programme on their own. Of the 32 (42%) attendees who were involved in CASP-style workshops after the initial workshops, 26 (34%) providing aspects of teaching, and a further six (8%) were participants. The evaluation of the CASP workshop technique suggests that it does improve knowledge of clinical effectiveness, but concerns remain about the viability and reliability of this approach as it rolls out training within Scotland
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 684
T1  - Medical resources on the Internet: searching and appraising
A1  - Jenkins,R.D.
A1  - Grey-Lloyd,J.
A1  - Hancock,C.
Y1  - 1998/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9722394 IN - Llandough Hospital, Penarth, Cardiff. jenkinsrd@cardiff.ac.uk AS - Hosp Med. 59(5):408-10, 1998 May JC - c1h, 9803882 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer Communication Networks
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Article
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 408
EP  - 410
JF  - Hospital Medicine (London)
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
N2  - Finding useful medical information on the Internet depends on searching effectively and critically appraising the resources when they are found. This article offers practical advice for those interested in using the internet for education and training
SN  - 1462-3935
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 685
T1  - Trainees' attitudes to research as part of anaesthetic training
A1  - Kluger,M.T.
Y1  - 1998/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9513675 IN - Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland Hospital, New Zealand AS - Anaesth Intensive Care. 26(1):92-5, 1998 Feb JC - 4m5, 0342017 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Anesthesiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Australia
KW  - Career
KW  - English
KW  - Funding
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research methods
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
EP  - 95
JF  - Anaesthesia & Intensive Care.Vol.34(4)()(pp 481-484), 2006.
J1  - Anaesthesia & Intensive Care
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - The formal project has been a requirement for the F.A.N.Z.C.A. diploma for the past few years. A questionnaire was sent to all registrars on a formal program asking questions relating to the formal project, perceived advantages, disadvantages, value of formal research teaching methodology and future career intentions. All years of training were represented. Forty-nine of the fifty-six (86%) respondents replied to the survey. Of these 15% felt the formal project had no value, 54% found it possibly useful whilst 31% perceived is as very useful. Advantages of the formal project included appreciation of research skills and the ability to critically appraise research. Disadvantages included lack of dedicated time, space and funding and production of poor quality research. A majority (63%) favoured formal teaching of research methods for the F.A.N.Z.C.A. diploma, which ideally should be taught before the Primary (30%) or in the Provisional Fellowship year (36%). Few respondents indicated a willingness to undertake a major commitment to research in the future (4%) but 46% wanted some contact with research and teaching as part of their normal work practice. A more structured teaching in research methodology, assessment of published work and presentation skills may be more suited to the longterm goals of the majority of clinical anaesthetists
SN  - 0310-057X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 686
T1  - [Evaluation of scientific publication: a recommendation (not only) for general medicine]. [German]
A1  - Kochen,M.M.
A1  - Fischer,G.C.
A1  - Himmel,W.
A1  - Abholz,H.H.
Y1  - 1998/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9553312 IN - Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen OT - Bewertung wissenschaftlicher Veroffentlichungen: Ein Vorschlag (nicht nur) fur die Allgemeinmedizin AS - Gesundheitswesen. 60(2):113-9, 1998 Feb JC - bfd, 9204210 SB - IM CP - GERMANY PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Publishing
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - controversies
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 119
JF  - Gesundheitswesen
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
N2  - A Proposal (not only) for General Practice/Family Medicine: Medical faculties and other institutions increase their pressure on scientific societies and colleges to present and set standards to evaluate publications from their discipline. After discussing the quality of different literature and publication indices the authors take a critical look at the impact factor which arouses much controversy among medical faculties. The evaluation standard presented for general practice comprises three categories of quality to which (A) Top Journals, (B) Standard Journals and (C) other Journals (but also books and book contributions) are allocated. Assessment criteria are mainly based on indexation (Index Medicus) and independent peer review. Within that system original papers are valued higher than reviews and editorials or comments. The impact factor is not considered to be helpful for judgement. The authors are convinced that any numerical point system would not be likely to lead to a reasonable assessment of an individual publication. Furthermore, there could be an increased risk that members of committees would prefer the point system for their judgement rather than to read papers in detail. The suggested standard could serve as an aid for referees from disciplines other than general practice. However, their expert decision regarding the quality of publications could not be replaced by even the most sophisticated valuation system
SN  - 0941-3790
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 687
T1  - Identification of communication apprehension in medical students starting a surgery rotation
A1  - Lang,N.P.
A1  - Rowland-Morin,P.A.
A1  - Coe,N.P.
Y1  - 1998/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9683131 IN - Surgery Service, John L. McClellan Veterans Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA AS - Am J Surg. 176(1):41-5, 1998 Jul JC - 3z4, 0370473 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Clerkship/st [Standards]
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Communication
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Students,Medical
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Article
KW  - Certification
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - data
KW  - Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Fear
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Oral Communication
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - Scales
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Class
KW  - speaking
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
JF  - American Journal of Surgery
VL  - 176
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Most methods used to critically evaluate young surgeons for advancement or certification in surgery require oral communication skills, eg, case and research presentations, rounds, morbidity and mortality conferences, interviews, journal clubs and oral examinations. The irony, though, is that much of surgery training focuses on technical skill lists, and the rhetorical aspects are often neglected until the surgeon encounters failure in an oral examination or is sued for not "talking" appropriately. Early identification of those at risk for difficulty with oral skills would provide programs with time needed to arrange for the appropriate types of interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify those medical students with high communication apprehension scores in dyadic, group, or public speaking situations before they encountered failure and caused problems, not only for themselves, but also for their programs and practices. METHODS: Two scales, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) and the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24), were administered to medical students at two large university medical centers during new student orientation to the surgery rotation. The WTC is a 20-item probability-estimate scale designed to measure one's predisposition toward approaching or avoiding the initiation of communication. The PRCA-24 is a scale designed to measure one's fear associated with either real or anticipated communication in four different contexts. In addition to the 44 items, a lengthy list of demographic items was added for possible correlations. These items were based on the student's perception of the communication or language environment in which he was raised. Therefore, a student ranked past and future socioeconomic status (eg, blue collar or white collar) according to his or her own criteria. The chairman was provided with a list of individual scores. Those students who were below the group means on skills required during a surgery rotation were identified for immediate intervention. RESULTS: The published data show a norm mean of 65.6 for PRCA-24 and 65.2 for WTC for college students. The current study found medical students to be more willing to communicate (WTC) and less anxious about communication (PRCA-24) than college students (mean 70.7 versus 65.2, P = 0.003, and 61.6 versus 65.6, P = 0.01, respectively). This difference was accentuated for blue-collar medical students compared with college students and persisted when blue-collar medical students were compared with white-collar medical students (73.9 blue-collar versus 70.9 college students, P = 0.15 for WTC, and 58.5 blue-collar versus 63.6 white-collar, P = 0.002 for PRCA-24). Male medical students were found to be less anxious about communication than female medical students. CONCLUSIONS: These instruments are easily administered at orientation and produce simple class lists with individual scores. They can be used to identify students who are below the mean for specific forms of communication before they encounter failure
SN  - 0002-9610
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 688
T1  - That was the year that was: an evidence-based clinical geriatrics update. [Review] [24 refs]
A1  - Leipzig,R.M.
Y1  - 1998/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9706899 IN - Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA AS - J Am Geriatr Soc. 46(8):1040-9, 1998 Aug JC - 7503062, h6v SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Geriatrics
KW  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents,Non-Steroidal)
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents,Non-Steroidal/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Delirium/et [Etiology]
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Insight
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Peptic Ulcer/ci [Chemically Induced]
KW  - Peptic Ulcer/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Sampling
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Terminology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1040
EP  - 1049
JF  - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
N2  - BACKGROUND: Physicians are faced with an ever-growing information base in medical practice. Studies regularly show a disparity between science and patient care, with scientifically validated practices often taking 20 years and more to enter mainstream clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To review the recent medical literature for high quality studies that practicing geriatricians should be aware of, either because they provide evidence that might lead to a change in clinical practice or because they provide insight into common geriatric syndromes. DESIGN: Overview. DATA SOURCES: All articles abstracted or noted in ACP Journal Club, Evidence-Based Medicine, or The New York Times from July 1996 to June 1997. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that met the standards for inclusion in ACP Journal Club. STUDY DESIGN: Sampling plan (including eligibility criteria), sample size, response rate, data analysis plan, proportion available for follow-up, main outcomes and measures, main results. RESULTS: Review of the 98 articles that met criteria resulted in the identification of several themes of importance to geriatricians, including the hazards of hospitalization, the prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers, and the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The results of these studies expand the therapeutic armamentarium of practicing geriatricians, provide new insights into geriatric syndromes, and raise cautions about the use of certain therapies in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Many methodologically rigorous studies relevant to the medical care of older people have recently been published. Evidence-based medicine and the use of journals of secondary publication are useful tools to enhance the efficiency of journal reading for geriatric practitioners whose interests span the journals of several disciplines and subspecialties. [References: 24]
SN  - 0002-8614
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 689
T1  - Randomised controlled trial of the READER method of critical appraisal in general practice.[see comment]
A1  - MacAuley,D.
A1  - McCrum,E.
A1  - Brown,C.
Y1  - 1998/04/11/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9552953 IN - Division of Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University of Belfast CM - Comment in: BMJ. 1998 Sep 19;317(7161):819; PMID: 9786688 AS - BMJ. 316(7138):1134-7, 1998 Apr 11 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Family Practice
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discrimination
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - Northern Ireland
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1134
EP  - 1137
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 316
IS  - 7138
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the READER model for critical reading by comparing it with a free appraisal, and to explore what factors influence different components of the model. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial in which two groups of general practitioners assessed three papers from the general practice section of the BMJ. SETTING: Northern Ireland. SUBJECTS: 243 general practitioners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores given using the READER model (Relevance, Education, Applicability, Discrimination, overall Evaluation) and scores given using a free appraisal for scientific quality and an overall total. RESULTS: The hierarchical order for the three papers was different for the two groups, according to the total scores. Participants using the READER method (intervention group) gave a significantly lower total score (P < or = 0.01) and a lower score for the scientific quality (P < or = 0.0001) for all three papers. Overall more than one in five (22%), and more men than women, read more than 5 articles a month (P < or = 0.05). Those who were trainers tended to read more articles (P < or = 0.05), and no trainers admitted to reading none. Overall, 58% (135/234) (68% (76/112) of the intervention group) believed that taking part in the exercise would encourage them to be more critical of published articles in the future (P < or = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Participants using the READER model gave a consistently lower overall score and applied a more appropriate appraisal to the methodology of the studies. The method was both accurate and repeatable. No intrinsic factors influenced the scores, so the model is appropriate for use by all general practitioners regardless of their seniority, location, teaching or training experience, and the number of articles they read regularly
SN  - 0959-8138
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 690
T1  - General practitioner's perceptions of the route to evidence based medicine: a questionnaire survey.[see comment]
A1  - McColl,A.
A1  - Smith,H.
A1  - White,P.
A1  - Field,J.
Y1  - 1998/01/31/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9487174 IN - Wessex Primary Care Research Network, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre CM - Comment in: BMJ. 1998 Jul 25;317(7153):282; PMID: 9677234, Comment in: BMJ. 2000 Feb 19;320(7233):515; PMID: 10678879 AS - BMJ. 316(7128):361-5, 1998 Jan 31 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Family Practice
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 361
EP  - 365
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 316
IS  - 7128
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the attitude of general practitioners towards evidence based medicine and their related educational needs. DESIGN: A questionnaire study of general practitioners. SETTING: General practice in the former Wessex region, England. SUBJECTS: Randomly selected sample of 25% of all general practitioners (452), of whom 302 replied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents' attitude towards evidence based medicine, ability to access and interpret evidence, perceived barriers to practising evidence based medicine, and best method of moving from opinion based to evidence based medicine. RESULTS: Respondents mainly welcomed evidence based medicine and agreed that its practice improves patient care. They had a low level of awareness of extracting journals, review publications, and databases (only 40% knew of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), and, even if aware, many did not use them. In their surgeries 20% had access to bibliographic databases and 17% to the world wide web. Most had some understanding of the technical terms used. The major perceived barrier to practising evidence based medicine was lack of personal time. Respondents thought the most appropriate way to move towards evidence based general practice was by using evidence based guidelines or proposals developed by colleagues. CONCLUSION: Promoting and improving access to summaries of evidence, rather than teaching all general practitioners literature searching and critical appraisal, would be the more appropriate method of encouraging evidence based general practice. General practitioners who are skilled in accessing and interpreting evidence should be encouraged to develop local evidence based guidelines and advice
SN  - 0959-8138
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 691
T1  - The journal club and its role in hand surgery education
A1  - Melchior,J.A.
A1  - Meals,R.A.
Y1  - 1998/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9848545 IN - Department of Orthopaedics, Kaiser Permanente, Baldwin Park Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA AS - J Hand Surg [Am]. 23(6):972-6, 1998 Nov JC - ia9, 7609631 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Hand/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - participation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 972
EP  - 976
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery - American Volume
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
N2  - Journal clubs are a time-honored method of teaching literature appraisal skills in many residency programs. A questionnaire was completed by 57 hand surgery fellowship directors and 91 hand fellows to define the role of the journal club in hand fellowship training. We sought to identify definitive characteristics of hand surgery journal clubs and assess their strengths and weaknesses. One hundred forty-eight of 164 (90%) directors and fellows responded, yielding information on 57 of 58 accredited hand fellowships. Forty-nine of 57 (86%) responding fellowships have a journal club. The majority of clubs meet monthly for 1 to 2 hours, usually within the hospital. The primary purpose is to familiarize both fellows and attendings with the current literature. Most often, fellows choose the articles, which are most commonly original research and review articles. Usually, faculty presides, and residents and fellows present. Increased faculty participation was the most frequently suggested improvement. The great majority of those surveyed felt that their journal club was successful and was an important part of the fellowship training. We conclude that journal clubs have a high perceived value by participants, and recommend the journal club to all hand surgery communities, with or without fellowship involvement
SN  - 0363-5023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 692
T1  - Evidence-based esthetic dentistry
A1  - Niederman,R.
A1  - Ferguson,M.
A1  - Urdaneta,R.
A1  - Badovinac,R.
A1  - Christie,D.
A1  - Tantraphol,M.
A1  - Rasool,F.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10321192 IN - Office of Evidence-Based Dentistry, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA AS - J Esthet Dent. 10(5):229-34, 1998 JC - ap6, 9010411 SB - D CP - CANADA PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - T35 04581 (PHS) LG - English
KW  - *Dental Care for Aged
KW  - *Esthetics,Dental
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case Report
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Dental Care
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - expertise
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care Planning
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 229
EP  - 234
JF  - Journal of Esthetic Dentistry
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
N2  - Evidence-based clinical practice integrates the best available evidence with clinical expertise. This article presents a clinical case scenario and, using a four-step, evidence-based approach, demonstrates how to (1) ask an evidence-based question; (2) search MEDLINE for the best evidence; (3) critically appraise the evidence; and (4) apply the evidence to the patient. The procedure is demonstrated with the sample question, Does bleaching of bonded porcelain veneers increase marginal leakage? A MEDLINE search strategy was developed for synonyms of the key words that best identify the problem, the intervention, and the outcome. The synonyms were combined using the Boolean operator "or" to identify a "sensitive" (i.e., inclusive) universe of 140,000 journal articles. These categories were then combined using the Boolean operator "and" to identify the most "specific" (i.e., exclusive) four articles from among the 140,000. Finally, to find the best evidence, the articles were limited to "humans" and "randomized controlled trials." This identified one article. Critical appraisal of the limited data in this one article indicates that the methods are valid and statistically significant, but because of the methods employed, may not be clinically important. Evidence-based methods take one to the edge of the available information universe in about 15 minutes. The results can be both exhilarating and sobering. They can indicate the depth or limits of available information and suggest gaps in the knowledge-base that require further study. Most importantly, however, the results allow practitioners to communicate incisively and truthfully with patients and to make more informed clinical choices
SN  - 1040-1466
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 693
T1  - Effectiveness of instruction in critical appraisal (evidence-based medicine) skills: a critical appraisal.[see comment]
A1  - Norman,G.R.
A1  - Shannon,S.I.
Y1  - 1998/01/27/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9469138 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont CM - Comment in: CMAJ. 1998 Jan 27;158(2):203-4; PMID: 9469141 AS - CMAJ. 158(2):177-81, 1998 Jan 27 JC - 9711805 SB - AIM, IM CP - CANADA PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - *Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Contrast
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Performance
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 177
EP  - 181
JF  - CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence that the teaching of critical appraisal (evidence-based medicine) skills to undergraduate medical students or residents will result in significant gains in knowledge and increased use of the literature in clinical decision-making. DATA SOURCES: Articles published from 1966 to 1995, retrieved through a MEDLINE search supplemented by manual searches; review of bibliographies maintained by individuals involved in teaching critical appraisal skills; and a previous methodological review. STUDY SELECTION: Articles were selected if the study involved some form of control group, although strict randomization was not required, and a measure of performance followed the intervention. Articles were excluded if they simply reported the process of teaching critical appraisal skills or used some form of "happiness index." DATA SYNTHESIS: There were 10 studies of the impact of teaching critical appraisal skills, 6 involving medical students and 4 involving residents. Results from 3 of the studies were nearly uninterpretable and thus were excluded; the remaining 7 were methodologically acceptable. Analysis showed that interventions implemented in undergraduate programs resulted in significant gains in knowledge, as assessed by a written test (mean gain 17.0%; standard deviation [SD] 4.0%). Conversely, studies at the residency level consistently showed a small change in knowledge (mean gain 1.3%; SD 1.7%). Two studies that examined residents' use of the literature were unable to demonstrate any positive changes. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of the effect of teaching critical appraisal skills on gains in knowledge at the undergraduate level showed consistent improvement. By contrast, changes in knowledge at the residency level were small. Several suggestions from the educational literature are offered to increase effectiveness of critical appraisal interventions
SN  - 0820-3946
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 694
T1  - Finding and applying evidence during clinical rounds: the "evidence cart".[see comment]
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
A1  - Straus,S.E.
Y1  - 1998/10/21/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9794314 IN - Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, England. sackett@cebm.jr2.ox.ac.uk CM - Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 21;280(15):1363; PMID: 9794320, Comment in: JAMA. 1999 Apr 7;281(13):1171-2; PMID: 10199421 AS - JAMA. 280(15):1336-8, 1998 Oct 21 JC - 7501160 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Hospital Information Systems
KW  - *Patient Care Management
KW  - *Reference Books,Medical
KW  - *Textbooks
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - context
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Feasibility Study
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Point-of-Care Systems
KW  - Printing
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Referral and Consultation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1336
EP  - 1338
JF  - JAMA.Vol.294(11)()(pp 1333-1342), 2005.Date of Publication: 21 SEP 2005.
J1  - JAMA
VL  - 280
IS  - 15
N2  - CONTEXT: Physicians need easy access to evidence for clinical decisions while they care for patients but, to our knowledge, no investigators have assessed use of evidence during rounds with house staff. OBJECTIVE: To determine if it was feasible to find and apply evidence during clinical rounds, using an "evidence cart" that contains multiple sources of evidence and the means for projecting and printing them. DESIGN: Descriptive feasibility study of use of evidence during 1 month (April 1997) and anonymous questionnaire (May 1997). SETTING: General medicine inpatient service. PATIENTS: Medical students, house staff, fellows, and attending consultant. INTERVENTION: Evidence cart that included 2 secondary sources developed by the department (critically appraised topics [CATs] and Redbook), Best Evidence, JAMA Rational Clinical Examination series, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, a physical examination textbook, a radiology anatomy textbook, and a Simulscope, which allows several people to listen simultaneously to the same signs on physical examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of times sources were used, type of sources searched and success of searches, time needed to search, and whether the search affected patient care. RESULTS: The evidence cart was used 98 times, but could not be taken on bedside rounds because of its bulk; hard copies of several sources were taken instead. When the evidence cart was used during team rounds and student rounds, some sources could be accessed quickly enough (10.2-25.4 seconds) to be practical on our service. Of 98 searches, 79 (81%) sought evidence that could affect diagnostic and/or treatment decisions. Seventy-one (90%) of 79 searches regarding patient management were successful, and when assessed from the perspective of the most junior team members responsible for each patient's evaluation and management, 37 (52%) of the 71 successful searches confirmed their current or tentative diagnostic or treatment plans, 18 (25%) led to a new diagnostic skill, an additional test, or a new management decision, and 16 (23%) corrected a previous clinical skill, diagnostic test, or treatment. When the cart was removed, the perceived need for evidence rose sharply, but a search for it was carried out only 12% of the time (5 searches performed out of the 41 times evidence was needed). CONCLUSIONS: Making evidence quickly available to clinicians on a busy medical inpatient service using an evidence cart increased the extent to which evidence was sought and incorporated into patient care decisions
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 695
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal: no quick fixes.[comment]
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
A1  - Parkes,J.
Y1  - 1998/01/27/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9469141 CM - Comment on: CMAJ. 1998 Jan 27;158(2):177-81; PMID: 9469138 AS - CMAJ. 158(2):203-4, 1998 Jan 27 JC - 9711805 SB - AIM, IM CP - CANADA PT - Comment PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 204
JF  - CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
SN  - 0820-3946
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 696
T1  - Evaluating critical thinking skills in a scenario-based community health course
A1  - Sandor,M.K.
A1  - Clark,M.
A1  - Campbell,D.
A1  - Rains,A.P.
A1  - Cascio,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9519597 IN - University of Texas School of Nursing at Galveston 77555-1029, USA AS - J Community Health Nurs. 15(1):21-9, 1998 JC - jch, 8411341 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Arts
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - liberal
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - nursing students
KW  - problems
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 29
JF  - Journal of Community Health Nursing
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - This study evaluated the influence of a scenario-based community health course on the ability of senior nursing students (N = 54) to address complex problems seen in the community health setting. In addition, we examined whether students' scores on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) questionnaire would differ depending on the size of the educational institution they attended before enrollment in a school of nursing and whether the types of electives (liberal arts or science) previously taken would influence the scores. Sign ficant improvements were seen on the Interpretation and Evaluation subscales and on the total critical thinking score from pretest to posttest for students who completed the course. Also students who completed nursing prerequisites in midsized, 4-year universities (10,000 to 30,000 students) had higher pretest mean scores on the majority of WGCTA subscales than did other students
SN  - 0737-0016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 697
T1  - Critical thinking ability and clinical decision-making skills among senior nursing students in associate and baccalaureate programmes in Korea
A1  - Shin,K.R.
Y1  - 1998/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9515655 IN - Ewha Womans University, College of Nursing Science, Seoul, Korea AS - J Adv Nurs. 27(2):414-8, 1998 Feb JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - ENGLAND PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Diploma Programs/st [Standards]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Korea
KW  - Male
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Science
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Performance
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 414
EP  - 418
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
N2  - This study compared Korean senior nursing students enrolled in associate degree programs (n = 119) and baccalaureate programs (n = 115) on measures of critical thinking ability and clinical decision-making skills. Samples were drawn from three associate degree programmes and four baccalaureate programmes accredited by the Korean Ministry of Education. 'Critical thinking ability' was determined by the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and 'clinical decision-making' in nursing was measured by the Nursing Performance Stimulation Instrument. Independent sample t-tests comparing the associate degree group (mean score 41.98) and baccalaureate group (mean score 47.22) on the critical thinking measure yielded significant mean differences favouring the baccalaureate group. The baccalaureate group (mean score 26.53) also scored significantly higher than the associate degree group (mean score 23.49) on clinical decision-making. Within the total sample (n = 234) the relationship between critical thinking and clinical decision-making was weak but significant (r = 0.19, P = < 0.003)
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 698
T1  - Literature in our medical schools
A1  - Smith,B.H.
Y1  - 1998/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9747554 IN - Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University of Aberdeen AS - Br J Gen Pract. 48(431):1337-40, 1998 Jun JC - 9005323, ark SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Arts
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - General Practice
KW  - History
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - medical training
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician's Role
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1337
EP  - 1340
JF  - British Journal of General Practice.Vol.55(511)()(pp 139-146), 2005.
J1  - British Journal of General Practice
VL  - 48
IS  - 431
N2  - Despite many relevant benefits, the study of literature has been rejected by medical schools this century. However, the role of literature and the arts is coming to the fore again in many branches of medicine, including education, leading to a broader approach to medical practice than the purely scientific approach. This is likely to enrich the profession and individuals therein. As well giving as a wider general education, areas of medical training and practice that a literary education will benefit directly include critical reading and appraisal, communication skills, history taking, 'surrogate experience', understanding the role of the physician, ethics, and self-expression. Many of these are central to our understanding of good medical practice
SN  - 0960-1643
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 699
T1  - Evidence-based pediatric pulmonary medicine: how can it help?[see comment]. [Review] [62 refs]
A1  - Smyth,R.L.
Y1  - 1998/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9516096 IN - University Department of Child Health, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Alder Hey, United Kingdom. r.l.smyth@liv.ac.uk CM - Comment in: Pediatr Pulmonol. 1998 Sep;26(3):231-3; PMID: 9773922 AS - Pediatr Pulmonol. 25(2):118-27, 1998 Feb JC - owh, 8510590 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - *Pulmonary Disease (Specialty)
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pulmonology
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Error
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 118
EP  - 127
JF  - Pediatric Pulmonology
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine aims to identify, critically appraise, and apply the best available evidence in making decisions about the care of patients. These aims are similar to those conscientious clinicians have always sought to achieve, but an evidence-based approach applies a systematic and rigorous methodology to this process to ensure that the evidence applied is relevant and of high quality. Because of the volume of potentially relevant information that needs to be accessed from the medical literature, many clinicians rely on reviews of the evidence. Systematic reviews provide summaries of the results of evidence-based healthcare, which can be made available to clinicians, healthcare administrators, and patients. The use of explicit, systematic methods in reviews limits bias (systematic errors) and reduces random errors (simple mistakes), thus providing reliable results on which to draw conclusions and make decisions. Meta-analysis is the use of statistical methods to summarize the results of independent studies. When used appropriately, meta-analysis can provide more precise estimates of the effects of healthcare than those derived from the individual studies included in a review. Childhood respiratory diseases can be a challenging area in which to undertake clinical research. These challenges include diagnostic uncertainty, lack of objective endpoints, and aspects of generalizability of randomized controlled trials. Despite these difficulties, there are now many examples of systematic reviews and evidence-based approaches in pediatric pulmonology. If applied appropriately, they can ensure that management of patients is based on clinically useful diagnostic tests and treatments that have been shown to be effective and not harmful. [References: 62]
SN  - 8755-6863
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 700
T1  - The role of the journal club in surgical training
A1  - Spillane,A.J.
A1  - Crowe,P.J.
Y1  - 1998/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9572341 IN - Department of General Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia AS - Aust N Z J Surg. 68(4):288-91, 1998 Apr JC - 0373115, 9ic SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Journalism,Medical
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Training
KW  - Training
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 288
EP  - 291
JF  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Surgery
VL  - 68
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: The development of skills in critical appraisal of the medical literature is an important aspect of surgical training. METHODS: At the Prince of Wales Hospital a journal club has been conducted for more than 5 years to improve the registrars' training in this area. A questionnaire was circulated regarding the success of the journal club at achieving adequate review of the important current literature, development of critical appraisal skills by registrars and providing a convivial social gathering. RESULTS: A total of 28 out of 39 current or previous journal club members responded to the questionnaire. Twenty-three of the respondents felt that the journal club provided a good to excellent review of current literature, 26 felt that the journal club facilitated development of critical appraisal skills and all 28 said that the journal club was a convivial social forum. Eight research projects developed from journal club reviews, 19 of the respondents reported that their clinical practice had changed, and 19 had been stimulated to further review a topic as a result of the journal club. Many of the respondents had specific criticisms of the journal club, and these have been used to improve the journal club format. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of our journal club. The journal club is a valuable component of surgical education
SN  - 0004-8682
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 701
T1  - Who needs evidence-based health care?
A1  - Tsafrir,J.
A1  - Grinberg,M.
Y1  - 1998/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9549011 IN - Miriam Gutwirth Medical Library, Tel Hashomer, Israel. itsafrir@post.tau.ac.il AS - Bull Med Libr Assoc. 86(1):40-5, 1998 Jan JC - bow, 0421037 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Information Management/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computer Communication Networks/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Databases/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Peers
KW  - Periodicals/cl [Classification]
KW  - Periodicals/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician's Role
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - problems
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 45
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 86
IS  - 1
N2  - The vast amount of published material in clinical and biomedical sciences, and conflicting results on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures may introduce doubts in decision-making for patient care. Information retrieving skills and the critical appraisal of published literature, together with elaboration of practice guidelines based on epidemiological methodology, form the basis of the trend towards evidence-based health care, which aims to overcome these problems. A survey conducted by questionnaire at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center analyzed which types of information sources are considered most relevant and useful for patient care by a cross-section of physicians with varying degrees of experience. They considered review articles and meta-analyses extremely reliable for information purposes, while for practical patient-care purposes they tended to rely more on the opinions of peers and experts. As the requirements of evidence-based health care may influence the attitudes of clinicians to the published literature and its evaluation, they have implications for medical libraries and information centers. Specifically, information specialists will be called upon more and more to impart information-retrieval and critical appraisal skills to clinicians. The involvement of information specialists in information gathering and selection will provide added value to the expertise and knowledge of in-house experts for decision-making
SN  - 0025-7338
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 702
T1  - Forum for Applied Cancer Education and Training. Critical appraisal
Y1  - 1999/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10362955 AS - Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 8(1):51-5, 1999 Mar JC - bzx, 9301979 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Medical Oncology
KW  - *Palliative Care
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - *Terminal Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Oncology/ed [Education]
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 51
EP  - 55
JF  - European Journal of Cancer Care
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SN  - 0961-5423
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 703
T1  - Analysis of quantitative research data: Part 1. [Review] [8 refs]
A1  - Banks,S.
Y1  - 1999/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10427300 IN - St James' University Hospital, Leeds AS - Prof Nurse. 14(9):634-7, 1999 Jun JC - 8612884, pzx SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Nursing Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - practice
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Statistical Distributions
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 634
EP  - 637
JF  - Professional Nurse.2004 Feb; 19(6): 308-9.(3 ref 1 bib)
J1  - Professional Nurse
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
N2  - Developments in practice should be based on evidence from reliable and rigorous research studies. Nurses must engage with research, even if they do not need to carry it out. Nurses need to be able to appraise critically both text reports of research studies and the statistical analysis that underpins the findings. [References: 8]
SN  - 0266-8130
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 704
T1  - Teaching emergency medicine residents evidence-based critical appraisal skills: a controlled trial.[see comment]
A1  - Bazarian,J.J.
A1  - Davis,C.O.
A1  - Spillane,L.L.
A1  - Blumstein,H.
A1  - Schneider,S.M.
Y1  - 1999/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10424914 IN - University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. jeff_bazarian@urmc.rochester.edu CM - Comment in: Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Aug;34(2):226-8; PMID: 10424928 AS - Ann Emerg Med. 34(2):148-54, 1999 Aug JC - 4z7, 8002646 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Performance
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Rank Sum Test
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 148
EP  - 154
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
N2  - STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of an evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach and a traditional approach to teaching critical appraisal skills to emergency medicine residents. METHODS: This was a prospective, case-controlled trial of 32 emergency medicine residents (16 control and 16 intervention). Intervention residents were exposed to a monthly, 1-hour journal club using an EBM approach to critical appraisal over the course of 1 year. Control residents were exposed to a traditional, unstructured journal club, also monthly. Both groups were given a factitious article to evaluate in an essay format before and after the 12-month study period. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare mean improvement in test scores for each group. RESULTS: The mean improvement in test scores was 1.80 for the control group and 1.53 for the intervention group; these values were not significantly different (P =.90). The difference in mean change in test score between the 2 groups was.27 points. CONCLUSION: Compared with a traditional approach, an EBM approach to teaching critical appraisal did not appear to improve the critical appraisal skills of emergency medicine residents. However, because of the small number of subjects studied, small differences in critical appraisal skill improvement cannot be ruled out
SN  - 0196-0644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 705
T1  - Retaining ethnic minority nursing students (REMNS): a multidimensional approach
A1  - bdur-Rahman,V.
A1  - Gaines,C.
Y1  - 1999/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10409944 IN - Prairie View A&M University, USA AS - ABNF J. 10(2):33-6, 1999 Mar-Apr JC - a88, 9112807 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *African Americans/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Student Dropouts/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Student Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adaptation,Psychological
KW  - Article
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Computer
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Retention
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - Stress
KW  - Stress,Psychological/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 36
JF  - ABNF Journal
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
N2  - The under-representation of minority nurses in the nation is of critical concern for nurse educators. The high attrition rate of minority nursing students, on a local and national level, has not been effectively addressed. Project REMNS (Retaining Ethnic Minority Nursing Students), an innovative, comprehensive project, was designed to increase the retention of minority nursing students at Prairie View A&M University. Pre-clinical nursing students were provided strategies to improve critical thinking, stress management, and reading comprehension skills. This was accomplished by the development and implementation of content relevant computer modules on stress management, nutrition, and critical thinking. Implementation of Project REMNS resulted in an increased number of pre-nursing students admitted and retained in the nursing program
SN  - 1046-7041
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 706
T1  - Assessing the ability of medical students to apply evidence in practice: the potential of the OSCE
A1  - Bradley,P.
A1  - Humphris,G.
Y1  - 1999/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10583788 IN - Senior Lecturer & Director (Clinical Skills), Clinical Skills Resource Centre, Department of Health Care Education, 2nd Floor, E Block, 70 Pembroke Place, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, UK AS - Med Educ. 33(11):815-7, 1999 Nov JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Assessment
KW  - practice
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 815
EP  - 817
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 11
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Critical analysis and application of evidence-based practice are key skills for students to master. Assessment of these skills can be undertaken by written examination. Regardless of how knowledge of the appraisal process may be assessed, written examinations ignore assimilation of that evidence into everyday practice. DESIGN: A combined clinical and communication skills station was used in an objective structured clinical examination where the ability to appraise evidence critically was assessed along with the application of that evidence in managing a common clinical problem. SETTING: University of Liverpool. SUBJECTS: Undergraduate medical students. RESULTS: The results from 156 undergraduate medical students demonstrated that it is possible to assess the application of evidence in practice, both in terms of outcome and patient assessment of the encounter. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment is a powerful tool in promoting learning and adoption of such assessment strategies may help to address concerns surrounding apparent poor effect of critical appraisal training
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 707
T1  - Clinical pathways: a tool to evaluate clinical learning
A1  - Bradshaw,M.J.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10334010 IN - School of Nursing, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA. mbradsha@mail.mcg.edu AS - J Soc Pediatr Nurs. 4(1):37-40, 1999 Jan-Mar JC - cky, 9615684 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Critical Pathways
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Pediatric Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Child
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - progress
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - School Nursing
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 40
JF  - Journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - Clinical pathways are a means by which an instructor can objectively and effectively evaluate student learning and progress toward clinical outcomes. An advantage to use of pathways in one-time experiences is that the pathway serves as a criterion-based frame of reference for both student and instructor, since the criteria are the same as for other clinical experiences in that course. The faculty member thus has an objective measure of student learning and performance, and the student always knows the measure on which she or he will be evaluated. Clinical pathways are limited to brief experiences and are not designed to show professional growth and progress in learning over time. A pathway could be designed, however, to appraise critical thinking and professional behaviors associated with spontaneous incidents, such as a problem patient. Nurse educators can use pathways as a creative means to address student responses in a variety of situations
SN  - 1088-145X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 708
T1  - Teaching life-long learning skills in a fourth-year medical curriculum
A1  - Brahmi,F.A.
A1  - London,S.K.
A1  - Emmett,T.W.
A1  - Barclay,A.R.
A1  - Kaneshiro,K.N.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10557840 IN - Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202-5121, USA AS - Med Ref Serv Q. 18(2):1-11, 1999 JC - mrs, 8219208 SB - H CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Clerkship
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Indiana
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - For more than twenty years, the Ruth Lilly Medical Library has been a traditional part of the Indiana University School of Medicine curriculum. Recently, following changes to the curriculum, the Library's role has evolved to include responsibility for developing and teaching a Medical Informatics rotation as part of the senior year clerkships. Heavy emphasis is placed on acquiring life-long learning skills, especially on locating and critically appraising the best clinical evidence in the medical literature. In its first four months, the rotation has been quite favorably received by both students and faculty, but will continue changing to keep pace with future curriculum alterations and new technology
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 709
T1  - [Medical students movement in Stefan Batory university in Vilno between 1919-1939]. [Polish]
A1  - Brozek,G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11625708 OT - Ruch studentow medycyny w Uniwersytecie Stefana Batorego w Wilnie w latach 1919-1939 AS - Arch Hist Filoz Med. 62(3):207-16, 1999 JC - 8609303, 75f SB - Q CP - POLAND PT - English Abstract PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - Polish
KW  - *Organizations/hi [History]
KW  - *Schools,Medical/hi [History]
KW  - *Societies/hi [History]
KW  - *Students,Medical/hi [History]
KW  - *Universities/hi [History]
KW  - Article
KW  - Character
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Faculty
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Poland
KW  - Politics
KW  - Sport
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 207
EP  - 216
JF  - Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
N2  - In 1938 Stefan Batory University counted 3110 students of whom 736 studied in Medical Faculty. The students were of the following nationalities: Poles - 76.6%, Jews - 13.4%, Russians - 6.8%, White Russians 3.0%, Lithuanians - 2.7%, Ukrainians - 0.9%, Germans - 0.4%, others - 0.1%. The students had 77 associations: 25 scientific (included Medicale Circle and Jewish Medical Students Association); 3 of Selfhelp (Fellowship Help and 2 Jewish selfhelp organizations); 20 of political, religious and national characters; 10 regional (eg. Lodz, Grodno, Bialystok, Inflanty, Kowno, Silesia and Zaglebie); 12 corporations; 2 sport organizations: Academic Sport Federation and Jewish Academic Sport Club; in 5 of different character was Academic Choir. Students had their own journal "Alma Mater Vilnensis"
SN  - 0860-1844
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 710
T1  - Journal club devoted to educational issues
A1  - Centeno,A.M.
A1  - Blanco,A.
A1  - Arce,M.
Y1  - 1999/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10353271 AS - Acad Med. 74(5):464, 1999 May JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Societies,Medical
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 464
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 74
IS  - 5
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 711
T1  - Summary report: evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. [Review] [55 refs]
A1  - Chesnut,R.M.
A1  - Carney,N.
A1  - Maynard,H.
A1  - Mann,N.C.
A1  - Patterson,P.
A1  - Helfand,M.
Y1  - 1999/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10191375 IN - Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA AS - J Head Trauma Rehabil. 14(2):176-88, 1999 Apr JC - 8702552, c3t SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Brain Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - data
KW  - Employment,Supported/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Patient Care Team/st [Standards]
KW  - Patient Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Recovery of Function
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 188
JF  - Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - We evaluated the evidence for effectiveness of rehabilitation methods throughout the phases of recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched, and a total of 3,098 abstracts were reviewed. The strongest studies were critically appraised and their data placed in evidence tables. Results showed that to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for persons with TBI, a commitment must be made to population-based studies, strong controlled research design, standardization of measures, adequate statistical analysis, and specification of health outcomes of importance to persons with TBI and their families. [References: 55]
SN  - 0885-9701
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 712
T1  - Transferring public-health nursing research to health-system planning: assessing the relevance and accessibility of systematic reviews
A1  - Ciliska,D.
A1  - Hayward,S.
A1  - Dobbins,M.
A1  - Brunton,G.
A1  - Underwood,J.
Y1  - 1999/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10455585 IN - Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Department of Public Health Services, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. ciliska@fhs.csu.mcmaster.ca AS - Can J Nurs Res. 31(1):23-36, 1999 Jun JC - cjn, 8910581 SB - N CP - CANADA PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Health Planning/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Information Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Public Health Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Authority
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Canada
KW  - Climate
KW  - Cost
KW  - credibility
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse Administrators/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Perception
KW  - Policy
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Public Health Service
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 36
JF  - Canadian Journal of Nursing Research
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
N2  - A descriptive study was designed to gain an understanding of the research needs, perceptions of barriers to research utilization, and attitudes towards systematic reviews of decision-makers in public health at the level of systems planning. Public-health consultants and managers in Ontario were surveyed about barriers to research utilization and awareness of and attitudes towards systematic reviews as a method of/vehicle for research transfer. Access to 5 completed reviews was provided in summary, abstract, and full form, and on diskette, hard copy, and Internet. A follow-up survey at 3 months assessed use, relevance, application, and further dissemination of the reviews. A total of 242 people in positions of public-health policy and decision-making participated. Respondents reported a great, largely unmet, need for research evidence. They viewed systematic reviews as likely to overcome the barriers to research use related to critical appraisal, time, timeliness, availability, cost and credibility, but not the barriers related to policy climate, authority, or implementation resources. Three months after requesting a review, 93% said they would follow it up; 91% remembered receiving it, and 71% of these had read it while 23% stated it played a part in program planning or decision-making
SN  - 0844-5621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 713
T1  - Measuring the quality of supervision and the training experience in psychiatry
A1  - Clarke,D.M.
Y1  - 1999/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10336223 IN - Department of Psychological Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. david.clarke@med.monash.edu.au AS - Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 33(2):248-52, 1999 Apr JC - 9i6, 0111052 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education/st [Standards]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Mentors
KW  - *Psychiatry/ed [Education]
KW  - *Questionnaires
KW  - *Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - guidance
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - Model
KW  - Privacy
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Study
KW  - supervision
KW  - Training
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 248
EP  - 252
JF  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.Vol.37(3)()(pp 257-264), 2003.
J1  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and trial a method of trainee evaluation of the supervision and training experience. METHOD: A questionnaire was developed and applied at the end of each of four 6-month clinical rotations. RESULTS: The evaluation demonstrated areas of strength (punctuality and reliability, encouragement, educational value, clinical guidance) and weakness (journal club, clinical meetings). Many supervisors were not observing diagnostic or management interviews of trainees. Psychotherapy supervision received the highest ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the privacy of supervision and the occasional nature of evaluations, reliability of scores cannot be demonstrated. However, within the context of a model of quality improvement, and supplemented by the education and supervision of supervisors, trainee evaluations can be useful in targeting specific areas of deficiency in training and supervision
SN  - 0004-8674
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 714
T1  - Evidence-based practice. A philosophical and political analysis: some matters for consideration by professional practitioners
A1  - Colyer,H.
A1  - Kamath,P.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10064298 IN - Department of Radiography, Canterbury Christ Church College, Kent, England AS - J Adv Nurs. 29(1):188-93, 1999 Jan JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - College
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Culture
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Plan Implementation
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - quality
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 188
EP  - 193
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
N2  - This paper evaluates the concept of evidence-based practice (EBP) and appraises critically the implementation process of the EBP initiative, noting its consonance with the aspirations of the dominant political culture and offering a critique of the inherent contradictions and ethical dilemmas associated with it. A critical evaluation of the implications for practitioners and service users is offered and the authors argue that while the concept of EBP is a laudable one, there is a need to exercise caution about uncritical acceptance and evidence that a more eclectic and less reductionist approach to EBP is essential for quality service development
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 715
T1  - The self in self-awareness. [Review] [42 refs]
A1  - Cook,S.H.
Y1  - 1999/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10354222 IN - Mental Health Nursing, Middlesex University, School of Health, Biological & Environmental Sciences, London. s.cook@mdx.ac.uk AS - J Adv Nurs. 29(6):1292-9, 1999 Jun JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Awareness
KW  - *Education,Nursing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Ego
KW  - *Self Concept
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - health
KW  - History
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - meaning
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - self
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1292
EP  - 1299
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
N2  - The concepts of 'self' and 'person' are central to educational and therapeutic endeavours. This paper examines the emergence of 'self-awareness' as an explicit concern in the education of preregistration nurses. In particular, it questions the claims that specific experiential learning strategies are the most appropriate for promoting self-awareness in students, and that these strategies produce greater understanding of theory in students and give greater depth of meaning to theory for students. It argues that the long and complex history associated with the concepts of self, self-awareness and 'person' makes the unproblematic stance adopted towards them in the nursing literature untenable, and calls for a more rigorous and critical appraisal of experiential learning strategies commonly used to promote self-awareness. [References: 42]
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 716
T1  - Critical appraisal. How to decide if review articles are trustworthy and relevant for practice
A1  - Cullum,N.
Y1  - 1999/08/04/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10795232 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Nt Learn Curve. 3(6):4-6, 1999 Aug 4 JC - 9709306, cvg, 9709306 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 6
JF  - Nt Learning Curve
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 717
T1  - Critical appraisal. Finding and appraising cohort studies for causation and prognosis. [Review] [6 refs]
A1  - Cullum,N.
Y1  - 1999/09/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10795223 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Nt Learn Curve. 3(7):8-10, 1999 Sep 1 JC - 9709306, cvg, 9709306 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Cohort Studies
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 10
JF  - Nt Learning Curve
VL  - 3
IS  - 7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 718
T1  - Community-oriented medical education in Glasgow: developing a community diagnosis exercise
A1  - Davison,H.
A1  - Capewell,S.
A1  - Macnaughton,J.
A1  - Murray,S.
A1  - Hanlon,P.
A1  - McEwen,J.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10211278 IN - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, UK AS - Med Educ. 33(1):55-62, 1999 Jan JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Education
KW  - educational experience
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Need
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Insight
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - Public Health
KW  - reform
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 62
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Recent NHS changes have included an increasing emphasis on primary care settings, and hence community needs assessment. This has led to suggestions that medical education should become more community-oriented if today's medical students are to become effective medical practitioners. Recent curriculum reforms in a number of medical schools frequently involve a more student-centred approach, which encourages students to learn by intellectual discovery and critical thinking. We describe one such exercise in community diagnosis that has been developed in Glasgow's new undergraduate medical curriculum. DESIGN: The exercise has been developed as three teaching sessions, each with specific learning objectives. The first session explores the strengths and weaknesses of routine statistics, and reveals the lack of information regarding individual's and community's health and health care needs. The second session is a community-based rapid participatory appraisal arranged by general practitioners. Students interview patients, carers, and local key informants and health care professionals about their perceptions of health and health needs. In the final campus-based session, students combine and present their findings. Development included two pilot exercises involving detailed evaluation. SETTING: University of Glasgow. SUBJECTS: Medical students. RESULTS: Students valued the contrasting perspectives and information provided by different sources. After completing the three sessions, most students and tutors considered it an interesting, enjoyable and educational experience. CONCLUSIONS: This innovative community-oriented teaching programme gave students some insight into how health, morbidity and mortality are measured, why these might vary between different communities, and how different community members' perspectives might differ regarding perceived health and social needs
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 719
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine]. [Portuguese]
A1  - Duncan,B.B.
A1  - Schmidt,M.I.
Y1  - 1999/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10513057 IN - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre OT - Medicina embasada em evidencias AS - Rev Assoc Med Bras. 45(3):247-54, 1999 Jul-Sep JC - 9308586, br5 SB - IM CP - BRAZIL PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Solid
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Technique
KW  - Telecommunication
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 247
EP  - 254
JF  - Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
N2  - The growing array of diagnostic and therapeutic options available to the clinician has created the necessity of techniques, such as the randomized clinical trial, to evaluate their effectiveness. Recently, with the increasing penetration of the methods of clinical epidemiology into medical practice, the concept of an evidence-based medicine has arisen. Emphasizing the necessity of solid clinical evidence for clinical decision-making, evidence-based medicine provides a framework for the integration of research results into clinical practice. The evidence is graded, principally on the basis of study design, and norms are established as to what constitutes adequate evidence for clinical decision-making. The combination of this new paradigm of medical practice with the power of modern telecommunications is causing a revolution in the way medicine is practiced. Its integration into clinical practice is being facilitated by quantitative overviews of the literature, and the creation of clinical guidelines based on these reviews. Shortcomings of the traditional sources of evidence have been documented. New sources of evidence, such as the ACP Journal Club, and the Cochrane Collaboration, diminish dramatically the time required of clinicians to obtain the best available evidence. All health professionals should familiarize themselves with evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0104-4230
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 720
T1  - Multidisciplinary evidence-based medicine journal clubs: curriculum design and participants' reactions
A1  - Elnicki,D.M.
A1  - Halperin,A.K.
A1  - Shockcor,W.T.
A1  - Aronoff,S.C.
Y1  - 1999/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10210360 IN - Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506, USA. melnicki@wvudeptmed1.hsc.wvu.edu AS - Am J Med Sci. 317(4):243-6, 1999 Apr JC - 3l2, 0370506 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Student
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Medical
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - West Virginia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 243
EP  - 246
JF  - American Journal of the Medical Sciences
VL  - 317
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is becoming an accepted educational paradigm in medical education at a variety of levels. It focuses on identifying the best evidence for medical decision making and applying that evidence to patient care. METHODS: Three EBM journal clubs were developed at the West Virginia University School of Medicine. One was for senior medical students, another for residents, and the third for primary care faculty members. In each, the sessions stressed answering clinical questions arising from actual patient-care issues. The curricular structure and development of the journal clubs are described. Participants anonymously evaluated aspects of the journal clubs regarding their educational value with Likert scale questions. RESULTS: Faculty members and residents generally gave high evaluations to all aspects of the EBM journal clubs. Student evaluations were more mixed. For each of the evaluation questions, the student means were lower than those of faculty and residents. However the differences reached statistical significance only in the responses to the usefulness of the sessions in understanding the medical literature (P < 0.01). Residents and faculty rated the EBM sessions more favorably than grand rounds or the resident lecture series. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of evidence-based medicine journal clubs is feasible, and learners seem to value the sessions. More developed learners may gain more from the experience than those earlier in their medical education
SN  - 0002-9629
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 721
T1  - Mindful practice.[see comment]
A1  - Epstein,R.M.
Y1  - 1999/09/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10478689 IN - Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14620, USA. ronald_epstein@urmc.rochester.edu CM - Comment in: JAMA. 1999 Sep 1;282(9):881-2; PMID: 10478696 AS - JAMA. 282(9):833-9, 1999 Sep 1 JC - 7501160 SB - AIM, E, IM CP - UNITED STATES NT - KIE BoB Subject Heading: patient care Full author name: Epstein, Ronald M PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Competence
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - Contrast
KW  - curiosity
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - New York
KW  - Observation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Self Monitoring
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Values
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 833
EP  - 839
JF  - JAMA.Vol.294(11)()(pp 1333-1342), 2005.Date of Publication: 21 SEP 2005.
J1  - JAMA
VL  - 282
IS  - 9
N2  - Mindful practitioners attend in a nonjudgmental way to their own physical and mental processes during ordinary, everyday tasks. This critical self-reflection enables physicians to listen attentively to patients' distress, recognize their own errors, refine their technical skills, make evidence-based decisions, and clarify their values so that they can act with compassion, technical competence, presence, and insight. Mindfulness informs all types of professionally relevant knowledge, including propositional facts, personal experiences, processes, and know-how, each of which may be tacit or explicit. Explicit knowledge is readily taught, accessible to awareness, quantifiable and easily translated into evidence-based guidelines. Tacit knowledge is usually learned during observation and practice, includes prior experiences, theories-in-action, and deeply held values, and is usually applied more inductively. Mindful practitioners use a variety of means to enhance their ability to engage in moment-to-moment self-monitoring, bring to consciousness their tacit personal knowledge and deeply held values, use peripheral vision and subsidiary awareness to become aware of new information and perspectives, and adopt curiosity in both ordinary and novel situations. In contrast, mindlessness may account for some deviations from professionalism and errors in judgment and technique. Although mindfulness cannot be taught explicitly, it can be modeled by mentors and cultivated in learners. As a link between relationship-centered care and evidence-based medicine, mindfulness should be considered a characteristic of good clinical practice
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 722
T1  - Critical appraisal. 2. Searchable questions
A1  - Flemming,K.
Y1  - 1999/04/07/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10474424 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Nt Learn Curve. 3(2):6-7, 1999 Apr 7 JC - 9709306, cvg, 9709306 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6
EP  - 7
JF  - Nt Learning Curve
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 723
T1  - Spotlight on ... seventeen ways to transform reading assignments into critical-thinking experiences
A1  - Fopma-Loy,J.
A1  - Ulrich,D.
Y1  - 1999/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10795247 IN - Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA AS - Nurse Educ. 24(5):11-3, 1999 Sep-Oct JC - oau, 7701902 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Article
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Reading
KW  - transform
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 13
JF  - Nurse Educator
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SN  - 0363-3624
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 724
T1  - Use of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal with BSN students
A1  - Frye,B.
A1  - Alfred,N.
A1  - Campbell,M.
Y1  - 1999/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10754848 IN - West Virginia Wesleyan College, Buckhannon, USA AS - Nurs Health Care Perspect. 20(5):253-5, 1999 Sep-Oct JC - 9711055 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - College
KW  - complexity
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty,Nursing
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
KW  - West Virginia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 255
JF  - Nursing & Health Care Perspectives
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
N2  - The complexity and changing nature of nursing today requires proficiency in thinking skills to ensure knowledgeable, confident, creative, and sensitive decisions regarding client care. Nurse educators are faced with the task of promoting educational strategies to develop the abilities of nursing students to think critically in all health care settings (1). However, a lack of consensus on what characterizes critical thinking leads to difficulty in the development of instruments for adequate measurement. It is important to decide on a definition of critical thinking that faculty support and are willing to use in practice. The term is diversely defined in the literature. For example, Alfaro-LeFevre states that critical thinking in nursing "entails purposeful, goal directed thinking; aims to make judgments based on evidence (fact) rather than conjecture (guesswork); is based on principles of science and scientific method; requires strategies that maximize human potential and compensate for problems caused by human nature" (2). The authors of this study use a definition by Paul: "thinking about your thinking while you are thinking in order to make your thinking better, more clear, more accurate, more defensible" (3). The authors believe that the development and/or enhancement of critical thinking ability must be the result of conscious, deliberate activity throughout the nursing program. As the student matures, the ability to think critically will be manifested in decision making that reflects accurate assessment and resolution of problems. The nursing faculty selected an instrument to evaluate the critical thinking abilities of baccalaureate nursing students that had strong reliability and validity documented in the nursing literature: the total and subtest scores of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), Form A (4). The instrument was deemed to be congruent with the definition of critical thinking supported by the faculty
SN  - 1094-2831
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 725
T1  - Systematic reviews: a logical methodological extension of evidence-based medicine
A1  - Gallagher,E.J.
Y1  - 1999/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10609928 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467-2490, USA. jgallagh@montefiore.org AS - Acad Emerg Med. 6(12):1255-60, 1999 Dec JC - ce1, 9418450 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medicine
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Guidelines
KW  - *Journalism,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Data Collection/st [Standards]
KW  - Data Display/st [Standards]
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1255
EP  - 1260
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 6
IS  - 12
N2  - Academic Emergency Medicine is interested in publishing systematic reviews (also known as meta-analyses) containing explicit, quantitative compilations of valid, critically appraised evidence targeted at topics relevant to the science and practice of emergency medicine. This article presents a strategy for the performance and reporting of systematic reviews, based on established recommendations. A well-performed systematic review of the literature may provide clinically relevant information otherwise unobtainable, and has potential to alter patient care. Systematic reviews are logical methodological extensions of evidence-based medicine
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 726
T1  - Evidence-based clinical practice, [corrected] evidence-based medicine and the Cochrane collaboration.[erratum appears in J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1999 Jun;30(2):153-4]
A1  - Gambrill,E.
Y1  - 1999/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10365860 IN - School of Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, 94720-7400, USA. gambrill@uclink4.berkeley.edu AS - J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 30(1):1-14, 1999 Mar JC - htn, 0245075 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Databases,Factual
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - California
KW  - clients
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consumer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - School
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
JF  - Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
N2  - Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making important clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidenced-Based Medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who share this interest. Evidenced-based medicine involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research as well as considering the values and expectations of patients/clients. Advantage can be taken of educational formats developed in EBM, such as problem-based learning and critical-appraisal workshops in which participants learn how to ask key answerable questions related to important clinical practice questions (e.g., regarding effectiveness, accuracy of assessment measures, prediction, prevention, and quality of clinical practice guidelines) and to access and critically appraise related research. The Cochrane Collaboration is a world-wide network of centers that prepare, maintain, and disseminate high-quality systematic reviews on the efficacy of healthcare. These databases allow access to evidence related to clinical practice decisions. Forging reciprocal working relationships with those involved in EBM reciprocal and the CC should contribute to the pursuit of shared goals such as basing clinical decisions on the best-available evidence and involving clients as informed consumers
SN  - 0005-7916
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 727
T1  - [Continuing medical education from the view of ambulatory care physicians--representative outcomes and needs in Bremen and Saxony-Anhalt]. [German]
A1  - Gerlach,F.M.
A1  - Beyer,M.
Y1  - 1999/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10596039 IN - Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover OT - Arztliche Fortbildung aus der Sicht niedergelassener Arztinnen und Arzte--reprasentative Ergebnisse aus Bremen und Sachsen-Anhalt AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 93(8):581-9, 1999 Oct JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - GERMANY PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Ambulatory Care Facilities/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Physicians/st [Standards]
KW  - Ambulatory Care
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - Certification
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Germany
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Needs
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Regional Health Planning
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Review
KW  - small groups
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 581
EP  - 589
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 93
IS  - 8
N2  - RESEARCH QUESTION: To study the habits of ambulatory care physicians in CME, and to investigate the motivating and negative experiences with different types of CME in Germany. METHODS/SETTING: Survey with a five-page questionnaire posted to all ambulatory care physicians in the German states of Saxony-Anhalt (n = 3139) and Bremen (n = 1131). RESULTS: Response rates were 61.8% in Saxony-Anhalt and 41.7% in Bremen. 2412 questionnaires were available in this largest survey on that topic in Germany. Mean time devoted to CME was 4.6 hours per week, the respondents participated on the average at 14 CME-events per year. A content analysis was made to investigate positive and negative experiences. Practice orientation and personal exchange in small groups was appraised; criticism was mostly directed towards the efficiency and effectiveness of CME at large events (e.g. congresses). CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS: Regionally performed surveys are able to guide the planning of CME about habits, wants and needs of the target group and may increase the attendance as well as the involvement. Motivating as well as critical experiences of the participants should be regarded more rigorously in the planning. Consideration can increase the quality and the impact of CME. This applies the more, when certification of the quality of CME and of individual CME-efforts are planned. This article will be followed in one of the next issues by a second from the same survey focusing on the attitudes of ambulatory care physicians towards quality improvement and their intentions to join quality circles (peer review groups)
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 728
T1  - [A global perspective on evidence-based medicine]. [Review] [38 refs] [Spanish]
A1  - Gol-Freixa,J.M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10605183 IN - Agencia de Evaluacion de Tecnologias Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid. jgol@isciii.es OT - Una perspectiva global sobre la medicina basada en la evidencia AS - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 17 Suppl 2:3-8, 1999 JC - a10, 9104081 SB - IM CP - SPAIN PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Spanish
KW  - *Education,Medical/td [Trends]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Professional Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - *World Health
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Concepts
KW  - controversies
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Ethics,Medical
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Models,Theoretical
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 8
JF  - Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica
VL  - 17
N2  - Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) has aroused considerable interest in Spain as a concept. Its original announcement in 1992 proposed a change in the paradigm in both the practice of medicine and how to teach it. That caused some controversy. The progressive improvement of both the quality of literature presentation and common understanding about the internal validity of studies can be attributed to its diffusion. EBM has also helped to disseminate new concepts like the NNT, more intuitive for the clinician. It has also fostered a variety of educational initiatives for the critical appraisal of the literature. Several initiatives for the compilation of sources screened for quality and oriented for application the practitioners' are ongoing, notably the Cochrane Collaboration, often using the features offered by the new technology. EBM has also contributed in some countries to formalize explicit policies to encourage directed clinical research. [References: 38]
SN  - 0213-005X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 729
T1  - Graduate medical education training in clinical epidemiology, critical appraisal, and evidence-based medicine: a critical review of curricula.[see comment]. [Review] [51 refs]
A1  - Green,M.L.
Y1  - 1999/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10386099 IN - Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. mgreen@wtbyhosp.chime.org CM - Comment in: Acad Med. 2000 Dec;75(12):1184-5; PMID: 11112715 AS - Acad Med. 74(6):686-94, 1999 Jun JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Paper
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 686
EP  - 694
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
N2  - PURPOSE: To systematically review the published literature on graduate medical education (GME) curricula in clinical epidemiology, critical appraisal, and evidence-based medicine (EBM). METHOD: The author searched the Medline and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) databases from 1973 through 1998, and also searched the references of the captured papers. The author reviewed all peer-reviewed reports of GME curricula (with or without effectiveness studies) in critical appraisal, clinical epidemiology, or evidence-based medicine, extracting objectives, formats, and evaluations (including effectiveness, process, and satisfaction). For effectiveness evaluations, he also identified the outcomes, outcome measures, methodologic characteristics, and results. RESULTS: The search produced 18 reports. The most common objective of the curricula described in the reports was improving critical skills; the most common format was resident-directed small-group seminar. The most common outcome-evaluation measure was a multiple-choice examination. Only seven of the reports evaluated the curricula's effectiveness, and only four met a minimum methodologic standard of a pretest-posttest controlled trial. The impacts on critical appraisal skills of the curricula in those four reports ranged from no effect to a 23% net absolute increase in test scores. CONCLUSION: These reports provide useful guides for medical educators, but many suffered from incomplete descriptions and inadequate evaluations of their curricula. The curricula themselves often focused on critical appraisal to the exclusion of other EBM skills and had limited effectiveness. In addition to increased methodologic rigor, future studies should focus on more meaningful outcome evaluations. Curricula should use residents' actual clinical experiences and teach EBM skills in real time in existing clinical and educational venues. [References: 51]
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 730
T1  - Towards a broader agenda for training in critical appraisal
A1  - Greenhalgh,T.
A1  - Herxheimer,A.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10192068 IN - Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Whittington Hospital, London AS - J R Coll Physicians Lond. 33(1):36-8, 1999 Jan-Feb JC - jvb, 7503108 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Peer Review,Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - progress
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 36
EP  - 38
JF  - Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - Much progress has been made in recent years towards an evidence-based approach to health care, i.e. the routine framing of an explicit decision sequence in the clinical encounter, the systematic search for published evidence, and the appraisal of relevant research articles. We argue that this is a commendable but limited milestone, and that training in evidence-based health care, particularly the use of critical appraisal techniques, is in need of a broader agenda. We outline a proposal through which the skills and attitudes needed for the critical appraisal of published articles may be applied to all other aspects of clinical practice, from planning research projects to presenting results and guidelines and peer review of articles submitted for publication
SN  - 0035-8819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 731
T1  - An evaluation of EMBASE within the NHS: findings of the Database Access Project working partnership to extend the knowledge base of healthcare
A1  - Hallam,E.
A1  - Plaice,C.
Y1  - 1999/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10620853 IN - Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath AS - Health Libr Rev. 16(3):192-203, 1999 Sep JC - asn, 8607228 SB - H CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *State Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Bath
KW  - challenge
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - Confidence
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Databases
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Organizational Innovation
KW  - Policy
KW  - professionals
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
EP  - 203
JF  - Health Libraries Review.1999 Dec; 16(4): 243-8.(6 bib)
J1  - Health Libraries Review
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - An earlier article in the Innovations on the Internet Series introduced the Database Access Project (DAPs) at Southmead Health Services NHS Trust, which piloted the introduction and use of EMBASE via the Internet and NHSnet. This follow-up article assesses the results of the Project, and reports on its findings. In particular, it considers the usefulness of EMBASE in terms of coverage and content for different groups of NHS users and aspects of take-up in terms of access arrangements and patterns of usage. It also considers the likely impact on the library and information service in terms of providing training and user support and meeting related demands, for example the acquisition of full-text articles as a result of increased levels of searching. The value of retaining access to EMBASE was recognized by the majority of those who participated in the Project, despite its acknowledged overlap with other databases. The coverage of the database was identified as being relevant by a majority of users; both its expanded European coverage and its coverage of drug-related and mental health literature were identified as important aspects. The project identified a clear preference for remote access to the database, although there was still a need to visit the library for retrieval of full text. Lack of time both for training and for actual database use, and lack of confidence in applying search skills and in appraising research were identified as key challenges to database searching. The authors highlight the special role of information professionals in providing training and support for NHS professionals in the acquisition of search skills and critical appraisal skills in order to encourage effective database use
SN  - 0265-6647
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 732
T1  - Critical appraisal of papers describing triage systems. [Review] [17 refs]
A1  - Hardern,R.D.
Y1  - 1999/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10569391 IN - General Infirmary at Leeeds, England. rhardern@ulth.northy.hs.uk AS - Acad Emerg Med. 6(11):1166-71, 1999 Nov JC - ce1, 9418450 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Service,Hospital/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/st [Standards]
KW  - *Triage/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Health Services Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - journal
KW  - Likelihood Functions
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - quality
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Triage
KW  - Triage/st [Standards]
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1166
EP  - 1171
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
N2  - This article seeks to provide readers with a framework to enable them to assess the quality of the published description or evaluation of a triage system. Similarities between the triage process and the process of diagnosis and the nature of clinical decision rules are noted. Criteria that triage evaluations should meet are recommended, based on methodology suggested from evidence-based medicine, the development of clinical decision rules, and evaluation of diagnostic tests. [References: 17]
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 733
T1  - A new approach to the journal club
A1  - Hartlaub,P.P.
Y1  - 1999/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10676234 IN - University of Wisconsin Medical School, USA AS - Acad Med. 74(5):607-8, 1999 May JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - School
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 607
EP  - 608
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 74
IS  - 5
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 734
T1  - Prognostic models: evidence-based approach to predicting disease outcome
A1  - Kantor,J.
A1  - Margolis,D.J.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10082596 IN - University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA AS - J Cutan Med Surg. 3(3):157-61, 1999 Jan JC - c1t, 9614685 SB - IM CP - CANADA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Support Techniques
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Models,Statistical
KW  - *Skin Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Population
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - researchers
KW  - School
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 161
JF  - Journal of Cutaneous Medicine & Surgery
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: A thorough understanding of the techniques underlying prognostic modelling, the potential shortcomings of prognostic models, and their applicability to dermatology are important for both clinicians and researchers. OBJECTIVE: This article distinguishes between prognostic and explanatory (causal) models, discusses some of the techniques used in developing a prognostic model, and addresses the importance of model generalizability. CONCLUSION: Prognostic models may be useful to the clinician, but must be used with care. It is important to critically appraise prognostic models and to assure that they are relevant to the population of interest. The ability to critically appraise prognostic models is predicated on a thorough understanding of the techniques used in their development and evaluation
SN  - 1203-4754
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 735
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine and 'The Cochrane Collaboration']. [Japanese]
A1  - Kawamura,T.
A1  - Tamakoshi,A.
A1  - Wakai,K.
A1  - Ohno,Y.
Y1  - 1999/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10513092 IN - Kyoto University Center for Student Health AS - Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 46(6):498-506, 1999 Jun JC - 19130150r, a9j SB - IM CP - JAPAN PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Japanese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - Article
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Fruit
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Policy
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Probability
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 498
EP  - 506
JF  - Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi - Japanese Journal of Public Health
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
N2  - In Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), a clinical decision is based neither on pathophysiological theories nor personal experience but on the results derived from scientifically designed clinical epidemiological studies (i.e., evidence). EBM is used in various clinical applications, such as therapy, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction. The process includes (1) asking a clinical question consisting of the three elements of "patient", "exposure", and "outcome"; (2) searching for the best evidence using MEDLINE or Cochrane Library; (3) appraising critically the validity of the method and the magnitude and probability of the result; and finally (4) applying the evidence of the patient. In actual clinical practice, clinical expertise and patient preferences should be as much regarded as research evidence. 'The Cochrane Collaboration' supplies systematic reviews of clinical trials carried out all over the world to its consumers. Its fruit, 'The Cochrane Library (CD-ROM),' is a highly valuable resource. 'The Cochrane Collaboration' serves as the infrastructure for EBM. EBM, which was originally developed for the individual patient care, can also be applicable to community- or workplace-healthcare and policy making by governments. Thus, EBM is both a philosophy and a method to provide people with the most appropriate medical practice
SN  - 0546-1766
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 736
T1  - How can physicians keep up-to-date?. [Review] [65 refs]
A1  - Laine,C.
A1  - Weinberg,D.S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10073266 IN - Division of Internal Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. lainec@mail.acponline.org AS - Annu Rev Med. 50:99-110, 1999 JC - 6dr, 2985151r SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Physicians
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Goals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Physicians/st [Standards]
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - strategies
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 99
EP  - 110
JF  - Annual Review of Medicine
VL  - 50
N2  - Keeping one's personal fund of knowledge current is one of the most formidable challenges that physicians face. This article considers a few strategies that may help physicians as they struggle to keep their knowledge up-to-date. Physicians need to develop their own goals for staying current, systematically and periodically search the literature for high-quality material relevant to the topics on their agendas, become facile with critical appraisal of the literature, and schedule time for reading. One of the responsibilities of any professional is to maintain expertise, and this responsibility is probably nowhere more critical, or more difficult, than in the profession of medicine. [References: 65]
SN  - 0066-4219
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 737
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine--a critical overview]. [Review] [43 refs] [German]
A1  - Leuwer,R.
A1  - Maier,H.
A1  - Berger,J.
Y1  - 1999/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10457516 IN - HNO-Klinik Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf. leuwer@uke.uni-hamburg.de OT - Evidence-based Medicine--ein kritischer Uberblick AS - Laryngorhinootologie. 78(7):359-64, 1999 Jul JC - ab7, 8912371 SB - IM CP - GERMANY PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Neuroma,Acoustic/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Neuroma,Acoustic/th [Therapy]
KW  - Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - practice
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Standardization
KW  - strategies
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 359
EP  - 364
JF  - Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie.Vol.82(2)()(pp 83-91), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 FEB 2003.
J1  - Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
VL  - 78
IS  - 7
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a strategy for the standardization of medical decision-making. The purpose of this review was to demonstrate the most important tools of EBM and to critically appraise them. METHODS: The current literature concerning the subject is reviewed. A clinical example for the systematic use of EBM in diagnostic tests is explained in detail. RESULTS: The risk of an increasing bureaucratic hindrance of medical procedures by EBM is weighed against the advantages of a systematic strategy for the valid assessment of medical information. According to the clinical example EBM proves to be a valuable tool in the quantitative estimation of residual risk and reliability of diagnostic tests in everyday clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The critical use of the systematic tools of EBM for clinical decision-making is recommended. [References: 43]
SN  - 0935-8943
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 738
T1  - [Critical reading for medical residents in main specialties]. [Spanish]
A1  - Leyva Gonzalez,F.A.
A1  - Viniegra,Velazquez L.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10344165 IN - Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 10, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Xalapa, Mexico, D.F OT - Lectura critica en medicos residentes de las especialidades troncales AS - Rev Invest Clin. 51(1):31-8, 1999 Jan-Feb JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - MEXICO PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Reading
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To explore ability for critical reading of clinical research reports in groups of residents of four specialties: internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery and gynecology/obstetrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A research was carried out in medical residents of 12 hospitals of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social: 143 of internal medicine, 119 of pediatrics, 74 of general surgery and 74 of gynecology/obstetrics. An instrument was built and validated in order to explore the critical reading by three domains: interpretation, judgements and proposals. RESULTS: No significant effect of years of training on the critical reading of clinical research reports was observed. The overall scores were low (maximum: 120): internal medicine = 35, pediatrics = 29, general surgery = 24.5 and gynecology/obstetrics = 25. 116 students (28%) obtained scores below of the level expected by chance. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggest that the training is not very fruitful in the development of the critical reading ability of clinical research reports, a low development of this ability was observed in medical residents
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 739
T1  - [Taking advantage of information sources for clinical practice]. [Spanish]
A1  - Lifshitz,A.
A1  - Juarez-Diaz,Gonzalez N.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
A1  - Halabe-Cherem,J.
Y1  - 1999/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10605260 OT - El aprovechamiento de las fuentes de informacion para la practica clinica AS - Gac Med Mex. 135(6):599-609, 1999 Nov-Dec JC - fff, 0010333 SB - IM CP - MEXICO PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Clinical Medicine
KW  - *Documentation
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 599
EP  - 609
JF  - Gaceta Medica de Mexico
VL  - 135
IS  - 6
N2  - Information sources are the books, journals and electronic systems which support the academic work of physicians. Doctors have not taken enough advantage of these sources for their clinical decisions because they trend to rely on a routine undue confidence in experience, and because they do not have the skills for so-called health documentation. Many patients, consequently, have access to the best alternatives for solving their medical problems. The proper use of these sources implies some skills such as reflexive practice, the ability for recovering information, and critical reading and enough determination to apply the results of scientific research to individual patients, taking into consideration the patient's circumstances and the evaluation of outcomes. In this way, there is real integration of medical care, research, and continuing medical education
SN  - 0016-3813
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 740
T1  - Journal clubs.[comment]
A1  - Lloyd,G.
Y1  - 1999/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10419330 CM - Comment on: J Accid Emerg Med. 1998 Jul;15(4):220-2; PMID: 9681303 AS - J Accid Emerg Med. 16(3):238-9, 1999 May JC - b0u, 9433751 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
EP  - 239
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2.(22 ref)
J1  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SN  - 1351-0622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 741
T1  - Critical appraisal using the READER method: a workshop-based controlled trial
A1  - MacAuley,D.
A1  - McCrum,E.
Y1  - 1999/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10321403 IN - Division of Epidemiology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, UK AS - Fam Pract. 16(1):90-3, 1999 Feb JC - 8500875, fam SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical reading
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 90
EP  - 93
JF  - Family Practice.Vol.20(5)()(pp 601-606), 2003.
J1  - Family Practice
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Critical reading is an important skill for those trying to practice evidence-based medicine. There are a number of recognized structures for critical reading, including the READER model. These methods should be subjected to high-quality studies. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the READER method in a practical teaching setting using the highest quality research methodology. METHODS: We carried out a modified randomized controlled trial. Two groups of GP trainers were invited to appraise critically the two articles using either the READER acronym or a semi-structured free appraisal. RESULTS: Of 99 participants in the workshop, 92 completed the study. One-third of participants (33.7%) read more than five articles per month and those who had been in practice the longest read fewer articles (P<0.05). Both groups attributed the lowest score to paper 2. The median total scores were higher using the READER method, although only significant for paper 2 (P<0.05). The median score attributed to the methodology was lower using the READER method than the free appraisal, although this difference was only significant for paper 1 (P<0.05). Overall, 51% (70% of the READER group) believed that taking part in the exercise would encourage them to be more critical of published articles in the future. CONCLUSION: Those using the READER method attributed a higher total score, but were more critical of the methodology than those using a free appraisal. Participants found the study useful and believed that it would be of help in future critical appraisal. The study raises interesting questions about the relative importance to GPs of methodological rigour compared with other factors when evaluating research papers
SN  - 0263-2136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 742
T1  - From the life-cycles of clinical evidence to the learning curve of clinical experience. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Maisonneuve,H.
A1  - Ojasoo,T.
Y1  - 1999/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10579705 IN - European Association of Scientific Editors, Paris, France AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 5(4):417-21, 1999 Nov JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Case Report
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - Concepts
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Experience
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Note
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 417
EP  - 421
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - Treatments on offer to an individual with suspected disease are based on concepts which, like products, go through life-cycles (introduction, growth, maturity, decline). We argue that randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines have reached maturity and/or are already on the decline and note renewed interest in case reports and qualitative medicine. The latter emphasize individual rather than 'average' patients. Moreover, we point out that scientific evidence relates not only to variables that can be measured but also to categorical variables that are often neglected. An appropriate treatment strategy is probably one which is indicated by several methods based on different concepts rather than by a single standard method. The doctor's role is to use his critical judgement and experience to appraise evidence from formal trials and from analyses of observational data and to share his views with the patient. [References: 12]
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 743
T1  - The attitudes of Australian GPs to evidence-based medicine: a focus group study
A1  - Mayer,J.
A1  - Piterman,L.
Y1  - 1999/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10625142 IN - Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Monash University, Victoria, Australia AS - Fam Pract. 16(6):627-32, 1999 Dec JC - 8500875, fam SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Family Practice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Guidelines
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Australia
KW  - beliefs
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - complexity
KW  - Consultation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Criticism
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Experience
KW  - Family Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - Female
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 627
EP  - 632
JF  - Family Practice.Vol.20(5)()(pp 601-606), 2003.
J1  - Family Practice
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Over the last 6 years there has been an exponential increase in the publication of medical literature on evidence-based medicine. In Australia, as in many other parts of the world, there have been calls for an increase in the practice of evidence-based medicine. In general practice, two major themes of criticism have been the lack of relevant research evidence in primary care and the failure of evidence-based medicine to take into account the complexity of the consultation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the attitudes of Australian GPs to evidence-based medicine. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study using evidence-based guidelines as a model to explore attitudes within focus group interviews. Focus group data were analysed using grounded theory methodology. The study was set in the Australian cities Melbourne, Adelaide and Darwin. The subjects were 27 GPs in five focus groups. RESULTS: Data were used to generate a model illustrating factors affecting the consideration and use of evidence within consultations. Prior beliefs and experience had a strong influence on decision-making. Overall, the GPs had a positive attitude to evidence-based medicine and stated that this could be a helpful strategy for meeting their information needs. These needs arose during the consultation and were frequently generated by patients. The evidence-based approach was regarded as particularly useful when patients required validation of their management or had specific queries. However, the GPs also expressed some concerns, such as the application of evidence from clinical trials to individuals, and the appropriateness of using research evidence with certain patients. They also feared a move away from the 'art of medicine'. None of the GPs expressed a need for critical appraisal skills. CONCLUSIONS: The Australian GPs in this study had mixed views about the increasing profile of evidence-based medicine, and the use of this paradigm in practice. Acceptability was more likely to be influenced by relevance to general practice and local contextual and patient factors than by the strength, or critical quality of the evidence
SN  - 0263-2136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 744
T1  - Developing critical appraisal skills. [Review] [20 refs]
A1  - McCaughan,D.
Y1  - 1999/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10603895 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Prof Nurse. 14(12):843-7, 1999 Sep JC - 8612884, pzx SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 843
EP  - 847
JF  - Professional Nurse.2004 Feb; 19(6): 308-9.(3 ref 1 bib)
J1  - Professional Nurse
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
N2  - Critical appraisal is used to evaluate research and determine whether it should be incorporated into the reader's area of practice. Checklists are used in critical appraisal to provide a useful framework for the systematic analysis of research studies. Critical appraisal skills can be acquired in a number of ways, and can even be self-taught. [References: 20]
SN  - 0266-8130
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 745
T1  - Evidence-based health care: its place within clinical governance
A1  - McSherry,R.
A1  - Haddock,J.
Y1  - 1999/01/28/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10214142 IN - Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Royal Hospital NHS Trust, Derbyshire AS - Br J Nurs. 8(2):113-7, 1999 Jan 28-Feb 10 JC - big, 9212059 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *State Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Total Quality Management/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - educational practice
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 117
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2006 Dec 14-2007 Jan 10; 15(22): 1255-9.(49 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Nursing
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - This article explores the principles of evidence-based practice and its role in achieving quality improvements within the clinical governance framework advocated by the recent White Papers 'The New NHS: Modern, Dependable' (Department of Health (DoH), 1997) and 'A First Class Service: Quality in the New NHS' (DoH, 1998a). Within these White Papers there is an emphasis on improving quality of care, treatment and services through employing the principles of clinical governance. A major feature of clinical governance is guaranteeing quality to the public and the NHS, and ensuring that clinical, managerial and educational practice is based on scientific evidence. This article also examines what evidence-based practice is and what processes are required to promote effective healthcare interventions. The authors also look at how clinical governance relates to other methods/systems involved in clinical effectiveness. Finally, the importance for nurses and other healthcare professionals of familiarizing themselves with the development of critical appraisal skills, and their implications for developing evidence-based practice, is emphasized
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 746
T1  - Evidence-based education: development of an instrument to critically appraise reports of educational interventions
A1  - Morrison,J.M.
A1  - Sullivan,F.
A1  - Murray,E.
A1  - Jolly,B.
Y1  - 1999/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10583810 IN - Department of General Practice, University of Glasgow, 4 Lancaster Crescent, Glasgow G12 0RR, UK AS - Med Educ. 33(12):890-3, 1999 Dec JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - context
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 890
EP  - 893
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 12
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Educational interventions may ultimately impact on patient care as well as affecting individuals' learning. Critical evaluation of educational literature by those involved in designing and developing educational interventions is therefore important. A checklist instrument for critically appraising reports of educational interventions is described. DESIGN: The instrument was developed by an iterative process and piloted. The instrument consists of nine questions: 1. Is there a clear question which the study seeks to answer? 2. Is there a clear learning need which the intervention seeks to address? 3. Is there a clear description of the educational context for the intervention? 4. Is the precise nature of the intervention clear? 5. Is the study design able to answer the question posed by the study? 6. Are the methods within the design capable of appropriately measuring the phenomena which the intervention ought to produce? 7. Are the outcomes chosen to evaluate the intervention appropriate? 8. Are there any other explanations of the results explored in the study? 9. Are any unanticipated outcomes explained? A worked example is given to illustrate how the instrument can be used in practice. SETTING: The Department of General Practice in Glasgow. SUBJECTS: Young general practitioners and the Educational Journal Club. RESULTS: The instrument was feasible. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the checklist allows the reader to critically appraise reports of educational interventions and helps in the practice of evidence-based education
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 747
T1  - Critical appraisal. 5. Randomised controlled trials: questions for valid evidence. [Review] [5 refs]
A1  - Nelson,E.A.
Y1  - 1999/07/07/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10795227 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Nt Learn Curve. 3(5):6-8, 1999 Jul 7 JC - 9709306, cvg, 9709306 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6
EP  - 8
JF  - Nt Learning Curve
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 748
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and critical care. [Review] [62 refs]
A1  - Perrier,A.
Y1  - 1999/10/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10582256 IN - Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital. Arnaud.Perrier@medecine.unige.ch AS - Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 129(43):1572-82, 1999 Oct 30 JC - uei, 0404401 SB - IM CP - SWITZERLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Pneumonia/th [Therapy]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Albumin
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Pneumonia/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - practice
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Respiratory Failure
KW  - Review
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1572
EP  - 1582
JF  - Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
VL  - Journal
IS  - 43
N2  - Applying the best available scientific evidence to selecting the most appropriate action for the care of individual patients is not a novel concept. Nevertheless, in these times of exponential growth in medical literature, heavy time constraints on clinicians and increasing health care costs, this approach needed to be reemphasised. The promoters of evidence-based medicine have contributed significantly to this task, by making explicit the steps from the search for the best evidence (randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses) to its application to clinical practice. Moreover, they have developed and made available several invaluable tools for critical appraisal of the medical literature. To illustrate the usefulness of evidence-based medicine, we applied this approach to two clinical situations: (1) the decision whether to use NPPV instead of conventional ventilation in a patient with acute respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia; and (2) whether to administer albumin to critically ill patients with hypovolaemia, burns or hypoalbuninaemia. Finally, the limitations of evidence-based medicine and its main instruments, i.e. randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses, are briefly discussed. [References: 62]
SN  - 0036-7672
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 749
T1  - Proposed model for interaction between residents and residency training programs, and pharmaceutical industry
A1  - Razack,S.
A1  - Arbour,L.
A1  - Hutcheon,R.
Y1  - 1999/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12378718 AS - Ann R Coll Physicians Surg Can. 32(2):93-6, 1999 Mar JC - 7505204 SB - E CP - Canada NT - Razack, Saleem; Arbour, Laura; Hutcheon, Robert 10 refs. KIE Bib: medical ethics/education PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Drug Industry/ec [Economics]
KW  - *Ethics,Medical/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - Advertising
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Canada
KW  - Conflict of Interest
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - events
KW  - form
KW  - Gift Giving
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humans
KW  - Industry
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Model
KW  - Moral Development
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Preceptorship
KW  - Resident
KW  - Risk
KW  - schema
KW  - Staff
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Travel
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 96
JF  - Annals of the Royal College of Physicians & Surgeons of Canada
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - Medical residents in training are as much targets of pharmaceutical-industry marketing as are physicians in practice. This interaction is often subtle and takes the form of sponsorship of meals at academic events, support for conference travel, books, and items such as pens and notepads. Most residency programs direct little time towards training in ethics and the critical analysis of pharmaceutical-industry marketing. We propose a model for the relationship between residents and residency programs, and the pharmaceutical industry that addresses the need for such interaction to be viewed in light of the patient-centered ethic of professional conduct and the ideal of unbiased medical practice. A committee of residents at different levels of training and two staff physicians received the mandate to examine this issue. The committee developed a set of guidelines and a proposed schema for the handling of funds from pharmaceutical companies (still not implemented). Each residency program would develop a common fund for money donated by pharmaceutical companies. This fund would be administered by a committee with defined priorities. The presence of residents on this committee under staff preceptorship would serve as a springboard for education on the subject. Guidelines for acknowledgement of sponsorship, solicitation of funds, gifts for care of patients, ongoing education, and the wider applicability of these proposals were also developed. Residents' interaction with the pharmaceutical industry during training could have lifelong influence on medical practice. We hope that our model will promote critical appraisal of the potential risks and benefits of this interaction
SN  - 0035-8800
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 750
T1  - Drug dependence in a journal club
A1  - Redelmeier,D.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10605417 AS - ACP J Club. 131(3):A13-4; discussion A14-5, 1999 Nov-Dec JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Drug Therapy
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A13
EP  - A14
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 131
IS  - 3
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 751
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and its implications for audiological science.[see comment]. [Review] [32 refs]
A1  - Robinson,K.
Y1  - 1999/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10219719 IN - Nottingham Paediatric Cochlear Implant Programme. kr@npcip.org.uk CM - Comment in: Br J Audiol. 1999 Oct;33(5):351; PMID: 10890151 AS - Br J Audiol. 33(1):9-16, 1999 Feb JC - boh, 0357321 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Audiology
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochlear Implantation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Deafness/su [Surgery]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hearing
KW  - Hearing Aids
KW  - Hearing Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Implant
KW  - Implantation
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 16
JF  - British Journal of Audiology
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is the use of current best evidence in making decisions about individual patients. It involves formulating a question, searching for information, appraisal of the literature, implementation and subsequent audit. Two case studies involving a non-linear hearing aid and cochlear implantation are used to illustrate the process. Critical appraisal of the evidence-based medicine in the general literature shows little sign that the approach is effective and indicates that further rigorous evaluation is a priority. It is suggested that systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines should be a high priority for audiologists and that a working group of audiologists should form to promote their production. [References: 32]
SN  - 0300-5364
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 752
T1  - Required training in hospice and palliative care at the University of Maryland School of Medicine
A1  - Ross,D.D.
A1  - Keay,T.
A1  - Timmel,D.
A1  - Alexander,C.
A1  - Dignon,C.
A1  - O'Mara,A.
A1  - O'Brien,W.,III
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10512327 IN - University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA. DROSS@umcc01.umcc.ab.umd.edu AS - J Cancer Educ. 14(3):132-6, 1999 JC - avy, 8610343 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - 1-R25-CA66940 (NCI) LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Hospice Care
KW  - *Neoplasms/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Palliative Care
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - classroom
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Family
KW  - Home
KW  - Home Visits
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Pain
KW  - palliative care
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician's Role
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Social Worker
KW  - Student
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Terminal Care
KW  - Terminally Ill
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 132
EP  - 136
JF  - Journal of Cancer Education
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Over a period of four years the authors developed and integrated into the curriculum of their medical school training programs in palliative medicine. Critical required elements in the freshman year focus on attitudes and the physician's role in the care of terminally ill patients and their families. A 16-hour module has been designed to be a required element for junior students. It includes in-depth classroom and experiential training in palliative medicine. The results of the pilot of this module are presented. METHODS: The module consisted of one four-hour half-day session for four consecutive weeks during the ambulatory block in internal medicine. The first half-day class included both lectures and small-group discussions. Pain management, management of non-pain symptoms, and recognition of and basic interventions in spiritual and psychosocial suffering were covered. Required out-of-classroom reading assignments were distributed. The second and third half days were experiential, during which the student, in the company of a hospice nurse, made palliative care evaluations of terminally ill hospice patients. The last half day was a classroom session where the students presented their palliative care plan(s) for the patient(s) they had encountered on half days 2 and 3 to an interdisciplinary team (IDT) of the other students, a hospice medical director, a social worker, a hospice nurse, and a chaplain. Student scores on a 60-item objective test and participation in the IDT meeting were the primary data sources used to evaluate student achievement of the course objectives. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of students attained the course objectives. Student evaluations of the module were very positive, particularly with regard to the home visits and the need for this training. It is anticipated that the module will be required during the 1999-00 academic year, with each student's performance contributing to his or her final grade in junior medicine
SN  - 0885-8195
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 753
T1  - A search for the evidence supporting community paediatric practice
A1  - Rudolf,M.C.
A1  - Lyth,N.
A1  - Bundle,A.
A1  - Rowland,G.
A1  - Kelly,A.
A1  - Bosson,S.
A1  - Garner,M.
A1  - Guest,P.
A1  - Khan,M.
A1  - Thazin,R.
A1  - Bennett,T.
A1  - Damman,D.
A1  - Cove,V.
A1  - Kaur,V.
Y1  - 1999/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10325707 IN - Academic Unit of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Leeds, UK AS - Arch Dis Child. 80(3):257-61, 1999 Mar JC - 6xg, 0372434 SB - AIM, IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Child Health Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Quality of Health Care
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Consultation
KW  - controversies
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Referral and Consultation
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 257
EP  - 261
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 80
IS  - 3
N2  - AIM: Controversy exists regarding the evidence base of medicine. Estimates range from 20% to 80% in various specialties, but there have been no studies in paediatrics. The aim of this study was to ascertain the evidence base for community paediatrics. METHODS: Twelve community paediatricians working in clinics and schools in Yorkshire, Manchester, Teesside, and Cheshire carried out a prospective review of consecutive clinical contacts. Evidence for diagnostic processes, prescribing, referrals, counselling/advice, and child health promotion was found by searching electronic databases. This information was critically appraised and a consensus was obtained regarding quality and whether it supported actions taken. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-seven consultations and 1149 clinical actions were performed. Good evidence was found from a randomised controlled trial or other appropriate study for 39.9% of the 629 actions studied; convincing non-experimental evidence for 7%; inconclusive evidence for 25.4%; evidence of ineffectiveness for 0.2%; and no evidence for 27.5%. Prescribing and child health promotion activities had the highest levels of quality evidence, and counselling/advice had the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: An encouraging amount of evidence was found to support much of community paediatric practice. This study improved on previous research in other specialties because actions other than medications and surgery were included
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 754
T1  - The pros and cons of evidence-based surgery. [Review] [73 refs]
A1  - Sauerland,S.
A1  - Lefering,R.
A1  - Neugebauer,E.A.
Y1  - 1999/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10552286 IN - Biochemical and Experimental Division, II. Department of Surgery, University of Cologne, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, D-51109 Cologne, Germany AS - Langenbecks Arch Surg. 384(5):423-31, 1999 Oct JC - cw4, 9808285 SB - IM CP - GERMANY PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Surgery
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - conflict
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - equity
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ec [Economics]
KW  - Fear
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Rationing
KW  - Health Priorities
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Individuality
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - progress
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 423
EP  - 431
JF  - Langenbecks Archives of Surgery
VL  - 384
IS  - 5
N2  - Introduction: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been proposed as a new paradigm of practising medicine. However, an unproductive polarisation between supporters and opponents can make its unbiased assessment difficult. This review gives an overview of the arguments and discusses their surgeon-specific importance. Discussion: As EBM claims a position in the centre of medicine, it borders with other highly debated topics as, for instance, rationing and equity of care, doctor-patient interaction, medical research and education. Most arguments against EBM relate to its role in reducing health expenses by rationing healthcare. We think that the principles of EBM can be applied to make the inevitable process of rationing fair and reproducible. In addition, evidence-based surgery is criticised for interfering with patient individuality and physician autonomy, although this is a misunderstanding. Furthermore, the evidence-basis of EBM, in particular the randomised controlled trial (RCT) and systematic review, has been subject of discussion. Additionally, surgical research has its own inherent difficulties and, ultimately, some clinicians have doubted the practical feasibility of applying EBM at the bedside, because searching and critically appraising the literature is too difficult and time consuming. Conclusions: We believe that most critics consider EBM to be a potentially dangerous tool, because they fear it will be used against themselves. Thus, these conflicts only prove that EBM as a methodology may have a strong impact on solving them. As EBM has already made discernible progress, surgeons should not stand aside from these activities, which are bound to strongly influence healthcare in the next century. [References: 73]
SN  - 1435-2443
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 755
T1  - The evolving role of the librarian in evidence-based medicine
A1  - Scherrer,C.S.
A1  - Dorsch,J.L.
Y1  - 1999/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10427434 IN - Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612-7223, USA AS - Bull Med Libr Assoc. 87(3):322-8, 1999 Jul JC - bow, 0421037 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Libraries,Medical
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - College
KW  - Competence
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Illinois
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - participation
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - quality
KW  - Resident
KW  - Role
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Concepts
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 322
EP  - 328
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 87
IS  - 3
N2  - Librarians' participation in evidence-based medicine (EBM) is rooted in past practices, most notably in clinical medical librarianship. EBM extends the librarians' role beyond identification of the literature to involvement in practicing and teaching quality filtering and critical appraisal of the literature. These activities require librarians to acquire new knowledge and develop new skills. A professional development program for librarians at the Library of the Health Sciences (LHS) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is described. The program's goals are to increase librarians' skills and support the EBM curricular initiative at the UIC College of Medicine (COM). The unique program has been a collaborative effort of the LHS and the COM. The locally developed classes provide librarians with instruction in clinical study designs, statistical concepts, and critical appraisal of the literature. Other interventions such as an EBM round table are also described. The programs' success is measured by librarians' growing involvement in EBM medical curricula, journal clubs, and morning reports. Additionally, librarians gained competence in new skills and professional satisfaction from working collegially with COM students, residents, and faculty
SN  - 0025-7338
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 756
T1  - The principles and practice of evidence-based neonatology
A1  - Soll,R.F.
A1  - Andruscavage,L.
Y1  - 1999/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 9917465 IN - University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA AS - Pediatrics. 103(1 Suppl E):215-24, 1999 Jan JC - oxv, 0376422 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Neonatology
KW  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
KW  - 0 (Pulmonary Surfactants)
KW  - 53-86-1 (Indomethacin)
KW  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - College
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Indomethacin/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Infant,Premature,Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Neonatology
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Pediatrician
KW  - pediatricians
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Performance
KW  - Perinatology
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - principles
KW  - Pulmonary Surfactants/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Newborn/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Review
KW  - Surfactant
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vermont
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 24
JF  - Pediatrics.Vol.117(6)()(pp e1170-e1178), 2006.
J1  - Pediatrics
VL  - 103
IS  - 1:Suppl E
N2  - Significant strides toward improving the outcome of newborn infants have been observed during the modern era of neonatal-perinatal medicine. One of the challenges that neonatologists and pediatricians face is deciding when to change current practices. New literature is abundant, but it must be critically reviewed and evaluated before changes in practice are made. The evidence-based medicine process can be used to help in changing practices or adopting new practices. It is based on five steps: 1) forming answerable questions; 2) searching for the best evidence; 3) critically appraising the evidence; 4) applying the evidence in practice; and 5) evaluating one's performance. This article reviews the five steps of the evidence-based medicine process. The various levels of evidence, including randomized, controlled trials and systematic reviews, are defined and discussed. An example of a critically appraised topic, a practical tool that can be used as an aid in addressing the first three questions of the evidence-based medicine process, is included. Once the evidence has been evaluated, the decision of whether or not to implement a change in individual practice or in institutional guidelines must be made. These decisions are difficult and require a variety of individual and societal factors to be taken into account. Examples of evidence-based medicine in neonatal and perinatal medicine include the use of antenatal corticosteroids for promotion of lung maturity, the use of surfactant replacement therapy for the treatment and prevention of respiratory distress syndrome, and prophylactic indomethacin for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage. Review of these examples provides insight into the strengths and weaknesses of evidence-based medicine
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 757
T1  - Critical appraisal. 4. Questioning evidence: its validity and importance
A1  - Thompson,C.
Y1  - 1999/06/02/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10478061 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Nt Learn Curve. 3(4):4-6, 1999 Jun 2 JC - 9709306, cvg, 9709306 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - questioning
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 6
JF  - Nt Learning Curve
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 758
T1  - Critical appraisal. 3. Searching for the evidence
A1  - Thompson,C.
Y1  - 1999/05/05/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10474431 IN - Department of Health Studies, University of York AS - Nt Learn Curve. 3(3):12-3, 1999 May 5 JC - 9709306, cvg, 9709306 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - *Nursing Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medline
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 13
JF  - Nt Learning Curve
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 759
T1  - Training medical students in evidence-based medicine: a community campus approach
A1  - Wadland,W.C.
A1  - Barry,H.C.
A1  - Farquhar,L.
A1  - Holzman,C.
A1  - White,A.
Y1  - 1999/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10572766 IN - Department of Family Practice, Michigan State University, USA. william.wadland@ht.msu.edu AS - Fam Med. 31(10):703-8, 1999 Nov-Dec JC - fal, 8306464 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - 2 D15PE85055-04 (BHP) LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Care
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Responses
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - timing
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 703
EP  - 708
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 31
IS  - 10
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinicians need skills in critical appraisal of medical literature to improve quality of care. This report on evidence-based medicine (EBM) curricula describes 1) the role of family medicine educators, 2) timing, 3) value of a standard format across multiple communities, and 4) outcomes in attitudes and skills. METHODS: In 1992, a nine-session curriculum delivered across six community campuses was introduced during the third year of medical school in the College of Human Medicine at Michigan State University. Evaluation compared 1) responses on the Association of American Medical Colleges graduation questionnaires from classes who received the curriculum with the 1994 class who did not (424 students), 2) responses to questions on group process performance, and 3) focused surveys of two classes. RESULTS: Trained classes reported higher levels of confidence in critical appraisal and research skills than the 1994 class and other schools. Respondents reported the small-group process as effective, greater appreciation of the training after 1 year of residency than at graduation, and no change in research activity. CONCLUSIONS: Family medicine educators can lead a new curriculum in EBM and maintain consistent standards across multiple communities. Many questions remain concerning the ideal curricular design to help clinicians apply the best research to patient care
SN  - 0742-3225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 760
T1  - Evidence-based psychopharmacology 1. Appraising a single therapeutic trial: what is the evidence for treating early Alzheimer's disease with donepezil?
A1  - Warner,J.P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10512093 IN - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Charles Hospital, London, UK. j.warner@ic.ac.uk AS - J Psychopharmacol. 13(3):308-12, 1999 JC - cph, 8907828 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Alzheimer Disease/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Indans/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Nootropic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Piperidines/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Psychopharmacology/mt [Methods]
KW  - 0 (Indans)
KW  - 0 (Nootropic Agents)
KW  - 0 (Piperidines)
KW  - 120011-70-3 (donepezil)
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alzheimer Disease/px [Psychology]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 308
EP  - 312
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - Expertise in setting appropriate, answerable clinical questions, undertaking an accurate search of databases, and appraising the evidence found are all key elements to practising evidence-based medicine. Using the published evidence of the utility of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease as an example, I have attempted to illustrate the process of critical appraisal of a therapeutic intervention. The study appraised was well conducted and the results indicate that donepezil may benefit some patients with Alzheimer's disease
SN  - 0269-8811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 761
T1  - Evidence-based psychopharmacology 2. Appraising a systematic review: is risperidone better than conventional antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?
A1  - Warner,J.P.
Y1  - 1999/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10667619 IN - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Charles Hospital, London, UK. j.warner@ic.ac.uk AS - J Psychopharmacol. 13(4):415-8, 1999 Dec JC - cph, 8907828 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Case Reports PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Antipsychotic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Risperidone/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Schizophrenia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 0 (Antipsychotic Agents)
KW  - 106266-06-2 (risperidone)
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 415
EP  - 418
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
N2  - Systematic reviews are increasingly used to combine the results of several studies in order to define the treatment effect with a high degree of precision. However, reviews of this nature may lead to spurious results and should not be accepted uncritically. This article, the second in a series on evidence-based psychopharmacology, is intended to illustrate the process of critical appraisal of a systematic review. In this example, a systematic review of studies comparing risperidone with conventional antipsychotics is appraised. Interpretation of the results of the systematic review may be hampered by the way in which studies were selected
SN  - 0269-8811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 762
T1  - How can we help people make sense of medical data?
A1  - Woloshin,S.
A1  - Schwartz,L.M.
Y1  - 1999/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10539543 IN - Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA. steven.woloshin@dartmouth.edu AS - Eff Clin Pract. 2(4):176-83, 1999 Jul-Aug JC - 9815774, c51, 9815774 SB - H CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Patient Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Patient Participation
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communication
KW  - context
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading skills
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Models,Educational
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Probability
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 183
JF  - Effective Clinical Practice
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
N2  - CONTEXT: Information is a basic prerequisite to informed medical decision making. GENERAL QUESTION: How can we help people interpret the quantitative data they need to make informed decisions? SPECIFIC RESEARCH CHALLENGE: To develop and evaluate interventions that will help people make sense of the quantitative data relevant to their health care decisions. STANDARD APPROACH: Traditional patient education interventions focus on providing disease-specific information (e.g., educational brochures about a single disease). POTENTIAL DIFFICULTIES: Interventions that focus on content--the provision of facts--may not be sufficient help for people facing medical decisions. Training that prepares people to make sense of the facts that they are given may be necessary. ALTERNATE APPROACH: We propose developing a generic (i.e., not disease-specific) tutorial to prepare people to better understand and more critically evaluate data on disease risk and the benefits and harms of treatment. This tutorial aims to improve critical reading skills by teaching people about risk (e.g., probability and rates) and showing them what to look for in statements about risk (e.g., time frame), how to put disease risk and treatment benefit in context (e.g., evaluating competing risks), how to interpret changes in risk, and whether to believe the statements about changes in risk
SN  - 1099-8128
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 763
T1  - The need for perspective in evidence-based medicine.[see comment]
A1  - Woolf,S.H.
Y1  - 1999/12/22/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10612327 IN - Department of Family Practice, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Fairfax 22033, USA. shwoolf@aol.com CM - Comment in: JAMA. 2001 Feb 14;285(6):736-7; PMID: 11176907, Comment in: JAMA. 2002 Feb 27;287(8):983; author reply 984; PMID: 11866632, Comment in: JAMA. 2006 Jun 21;295(23):2722; author reply 2722-3; PMID: 16788125 AS - JAMA. 282(24):2358-65, 1999 Dec 22-29 JC - 7501160 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Health Promotion
KW  - *Policy Making
KW  - *Primary Prevention
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - control
KW  - Cost of Illness
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - projection
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Survival
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2358
EP  - 2365
JF  - JAMA.Vol.294(11)()(pp 1333-1342), 2005.Date of Publication: 21 SEP 2005.
J1  - JAMA
VL  - 282
IS  - 24
N2  - Research advances are generating a growing body of clinical trial and other data on the effects of tests and treatments on outcomes, but there is no information resource within the health care system that systematically puts that information in perspective. Policy makers, clinicians, and individuals lack a ready means to compare the relative effectiveness of various interventions in prolonging survival or preventing the occurrence or complications of a disease: information that is critical in setting priorities. A crude analysis of preventable deaths suggests that evidence-based primary prevention (getting the population to stop smoking, exercise, lower cholesterol levels, and control blood pressure) would prevent considerably more deaths per year than would various evidence-based treatments for cardiovascular disease. Examining evidence from this perspective calls attention to mismatched priorities-most health care expenditures in the United States go toward treatment of diseases and their late-stage complications and relatively few resources are devoted to primary prevention and health promotion. Similar analyses at the individual level can help patients put personal options in perspective. This article proposes a bibliographic evidence-collection center and simulation modeling program to estimate potential benefits and harms of competing interventions for populations and individuals. Such evidence-based projections would enable policy makers, clinicians, and patients to judge whether they give due priority to the interventions most likely to improve health. With the steady growth in research data, the need for a system that enables society and individuals to put evidence in perspective will become progressively more urgent
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 764
T1  - Characterization of complex mineral assemblages: implications for contaminant transport and environmental remediation 337
A1  - Bertsch,P.M.
A1  - Seaman,J.C.
Y1  - 1999/03/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 10097043 IN - Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, The University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA AS - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96(7):3350-7, 1999 Mar 30 JC - pv3, 7505876 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Colloid
KW  - control
KW  - Ecology
KW  - English
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Mineral
KW  - Model
KW  - play
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3350
EP  - 3357
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
VL  - 96
IS  - 7
N2  - Surface reactive phases of soils and aquifers, comprised of phyllosilicate and metal oxohydroxide minerals along with humic substances, play a critical role in the regulation of contaminant fate and transport. Much of our knowledge concerning contaminant-mineral interactions at the molecular level, however, is derived from extensive experimentation on model mineral systems. Although these investigations have provided a foundation for understanding reactive surface functional groups on individual mineral phases, the information cannot be readily extrapolated to complex mineral assemblages in natural systems. Recent studies have elucidated the role of less abundant mineral and organic substrates as important surface chemical modifiers and have demonstrated complex coupling of reactivity between permanent-charge phyllosilicates and variable-charge Fe-oxohydroxide phases. Surface chemical modifiers were observed to control colloid generation and transport processes in surface and subsurface environments as well as the transport of solutes and ionic tracers. The surface charging mechanisms operative in the complex mineral assemblages cannot be predicted based on bulk mineralogy or by considering surface reactivity of less abundant mineral phases based on results from model systems. The fragile nature of mineral assemblages isolated from natural systems requires novel techniques and experimental approaches for investigating their surface chemistry and reactivity free of artifacts. A complete understanding of the surface chemistry of complex mineral assemblages is prerequisite to accurately assessing environmental and human health risks of contaminants or in designing environmentally sound, cost-effective chemical and biological remediation strategies
SN  - 0027-8424
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 765
T1  - Postgraduate journal club as a means of promoting evidence-based obstetrics and gynaecology 634
A1  - Khan,K.S.
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Pakkal,M.
A1  - Brace,V.
A1  - Awonuga,A.
Y1  - 1999/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15512285 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, UK. k.s.khan@bham.ac.uk AS - J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(3):231-4, 1999 May JC - 8309140 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer
KW  - computer software
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Software
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 231
EP  - 234
JF  - Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
N2  - We assessed the feasibility of a new educational programme to teach critical appraisal of the medical literature to postgraduate trainees. The new programme used a journal club format where selection of topics and articles was driven by clinical problems arising in day-to-day practice. Papers were appraised critically according to validated guidelines using computer software for appraisal, electronic storage and retrieval. Over the initial 4-month period the journal club produced 17 critically appraised topics, two of which were published in peer-reviewed journals. During the study, trainees' reading time improved from a median of 2.0 hours (range 1-5 hours) to 3.5 hours (range 2-8 hours) (P = 0.026) and their knowledge scores improved from a mean of 50.8 (SD 4.0) to 62.9 (SD 4.3) (P = 0.003). We conclude that a journal club supported by electronic means of critical appraisal and dissemination of appraised information can be used to encourage the practice of evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0144-3615
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 766
T1  - Levels of evidence in cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines
A1  - Ackman,M.L.
A1  - Druteika,D.
A1  - Tsuyuki,R.T.
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11064299 IN - University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. mackman@cha.ab.ca AS - Can J Cardiol. 16(10):1249-54, 2000 Oct JC - chp, 8510280 SB - IM CP - CANADA PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis LG - English
KW  - *Cardiology
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Alberta
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Atrial Fibrillation/th [Therapy]
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consensus
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - Heart Failure,Congestive/th [Therapy]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Myocardial Infarction/th [Therapy]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1249
EP  - 1254
JF  - Canadian Journal of Cardiology
VL  - 16
IS  - 10
N2  - BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be helpful in distilling the medical research literature for clinicians; however, the guidelines should acknowledge the variable methodological quality used in clinical research by tempering their recommendations with a 'levels of evidence' scale. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of English-language cardiovascular CPGs that provide the user with recommendations graded according to a defined levels of evidence scale. In addition, to evaluate other key aspects important in the critical appraisal of CPGs. METHODS: CPGs for atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction were identified by searching MEDLINE, a reference text of CPGs and the Internet. Each CPG was evaluated using a priori-defined criteria based on the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group's paper on critical appraisal of CPGs, including use of a reproducible search strategy, method of obtaining consensus, peer review and testing in practice. RESULTS: A total of 95 CPGs were evaluated. Only 13% graded their recommendations using a defined levels of evidence scale. In addition, few CPGs documented a reproducible search strategy or peer review process, and none had been formally tested in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Reporting the levels of evidence for recommendations is an important component of CPGs, yet this system is not widely used
SN  - 0828-282X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 767
T1  - Need for evidence-based practice in prosthodontics
A1  - Anderson,J.D.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10633023 IN - University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. jim.anderson@cancercare.on.ca AS - J Prosthet Dent. 83(1):58-65, 2000 Jan JC - jsv, 0376364 SB - D, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Prosthodontics
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Career
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Dentist's Practice Patterns
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Software
KW  - strategies
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment effectiveness
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
JF  - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2001 Sep; 86(3): 244-50.(13 ref)
J1  - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
N2  - STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Patients, their insurers, the courts, and the scientific community are demanding more evidence to support the effectiveness of health care strategies. PURPOSE: This article describes evidence-based practice, its origins, and value as a way of addressing the demand for evidence of treatment effectiveness in maxillofacial prosthetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A limited review of maxillofacial prosthetics literature was performed using Medline over the years 1966 to 1998. The retrieved articles were classified by methodologic design and assessed for the strength of their evidence. RESULTS: Focused and speedy (but not necessarily comprehensive) literature searching methods are available. Critical appraisal skills are available and needed to assess the quality of evidence in support of a treatment and to maintain clinical skills. CONCLUSION: With appropriate skills and the availability of literature searching hardware and software, evidence-based practice is a powerful means for the practitioner to establish the effectiveness of individual patient treatment, and to prevent the diminution of clinical skills over the course of a career. These skills should be included in training programs
SN  - 0022-3913
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 768
T1  - Basic estimate of needs for training in evidence-based medicine in Slovakia
A1  - Bacharova,L.
A1  - Hlavacka,S.
A1  - Rusnakova,V.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11200302 IN - International Laser Centre, Bratislava, Slovak Republic AS - J Manag Med. 14(5-6):362-82, 2000 JC - bvv, 8705942 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Delivery of Health Care
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - group discussions
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Slovakia
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 362
EP  - 382
JF  - Journal of Management in Medicine
VL  - 14
IS  - 5-6
N2  - This study reports the findings of the first survey of the knowledge and needs for training in evidence based medicine (EBM) of health-care workers in Slovakia. This study was primarily qualitative and based on a triangular approach, which included: analysis of the situation in pre- and postgraduate education in Slovakia aimed at estimating needs in EBM and critical appraisal skills (CAS) training; analysis of questionnaires distributed in a sample of medical doctors and university educated public health workers undergoing postgraduate training; and focus group discussions. The findings revealed a real gap in knowledge in EBM and CAS in Slovakia and identified several areas as the focus for intervention. The results showed also some important behavioural and cultural aspects, including low individual responsibility for education; tendency to delegate responsibility to authorities (experts, top management, Ministry of Health); and persistence of the state paternalistic type of education. Concludes that managers planning to implement EBM in Slovakia should therefore consider a broader behavioural and cultural context for change, not just introduction of a training EBM module
SN  - 0268-9235
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 769
T1  - Cultivating critical thinking in the clinical learning environment.[see comment]
A1  - Behar-Horenstein,L.S.
A1  - Dolan,T.A.
A1  - Courts,F.J.
A1  - Mitchell,G.S.
Y1  - 2000/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10972508 IN - Department of Educational Leadership, Policy, and Foundations, College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7049, USA. lsbhoren@ufl.edu CM - Comment in: J Dent Educ. 2000 Oct;64(10):692-3; PMID: 11258855 AS - J Dent Educ. 64(8):610-5, 2000 Aug JC - hy7, 8000150 SB - D, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Dental/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Dental Education
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty,Dental
KW  - Female
KW  - Florida
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Male
KW  - Mentors/ed [Education]
KW  - methods
KW  - Policy
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 610
EP  - 615
JF  - Journal of Dental Education
VL  - 64
IS  - 8
N2  - The dental education knowledge base suggests a lack of understanding and research about how to teach critical thinking skills in the clinical learning environment. The acquisition of critical thinking skills is essential to the development of future practitioners, yet difficult to measure quantitatively. This study used qualitative research methods to assess the frequency and nature of teaching critical thinking skills in the University of Florida College of Dentistry predoctoral student clinics. Thirteen faculty and forty-four students in six clinics (oral diagnosis/treatment planning, endodontics, periodontology, operative dentistry, prosthodontics, and emergency care/oral surgery) were observed by an independent evaluator. Critical thinking skills were infrequently taught, and teacher-dominated instruction predominated. The findings underscore the need for thoughtful curriculum planning prior to predoctoral clinical instruction and periodic appraisal of clinical instruction. Suggestions for improving critical thinking in the clinical learning environment are presented
SN  - 0022-0337
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 770
T1  - Evidence-based review of the literature on intrathecal delivery of pain medication. [Review] [360 refs]
A1  - Bennett,G.
A1  - Serafini,M.
A1  - Burchiel,K.
A1  - Buchser,E.
A1  - Classen,A.
A1  - Deer,T.
A1  - Du,Pen S.
A1  - Ferrante,F.M.
A1  - Hassenbusch,S.J.
A1  - Lou,L.
A1  - Maeyaert,J.
A1  - Penn,R.
A1  - Portenoy,R.K.
A1  - Rauck,R.
A1  - Willis,K.D.
A1  - Yaksh,T.
Y1  - 2000/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10989255 IN - Department of Neurology, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA, USA AS - J Pain Symptom Manage. 20(2):S12-36, 2000 Aug JC - 8605836, ijj SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Analgesics/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Analgesics/tu [Therapeutic use]
KW  - *Pain/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 0 (Analgesics)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injections,Spinal
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Morphine
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Pain
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S12
EP  - S36
JF  - Journal of Pain & Symptom Management.Vol.31(1)()(pp 70-84), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Pain & Symptom Management
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine depends on the existence of controlled clinical trials that establish the safety and efficacy of specific therapeutic techniques. Many interventions in clinical practice have achieved widespread acceptance despite little evidence to support them in the scientific literature; the critical appraisal of these interventions based on accumulating experience is a goal of medicine. To clarify the current state of knowledge concerning the use of various drugs for intraspinal infusion in pain management, an expert panel conducted a thorough review of the published literature. The exhaustive review included 5 different groups of compounds, with morphine and bupivacaine yielding the most citations in the literature. The need for additional large published controlled studies was highlighted by this review, especially for promising agents that have been shown to be safe and efficacious in recent clinical studies. [References: 360]
SN  - 0885-3924
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 771
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in dermatology. [Review] [47 refs]
A1  - Bigby,M.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10791153 IN - Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. mbigby@caregroup.harvard.edu AS - Dermatol Clin. 18(2):261-76, 2000 Apr JC - der, 8300886 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dermatology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Skin Diseases/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - Diagnosis,Differential
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Software
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 261
EP  - 276
JF  - Dermatologic Clinics
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - EBM is the use of the best current evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Practicing EBM requires five steps: (1) formulating well-built clinical questions, (2) finding the best evidence to answer the questions, (3) critically appraising the evidence, (4) applying the evidence to specific patients, and (5) saving the critically appraised evidence. The Cochrane Library is the best source for finding the best evidence about treatment. The second best method for finding evidence about treatment and the best source for finding most other types of best evidence in dermatology is by searching the MEDLINE database using the PubMed Clinical search engine of the National Library of Medicine (http://++www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/clin ica l.html). MEDLINE searches have inherent software and operator limitations that make their reliability quite variable. The quality (strength) of evidence is based on a hierarchy of evidence: results of systematic reviews of well-designed clinical studies, results of one or more well-designed clinical studies, results of large case series, and expert opinion. Once the best evidence has been found, the EBM approach involves critically appraising the quality of the evidence, determining its magnitude and precision, and applying it to the specific patient. Guidelines to appraise critically and apply evidence are available. The clinical question, best evidence, and its critical appraisal should be saved in a format that can be easily retrieved for future use. [References: 47]
SN  - 0733-8635
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 772
T1  - Reading research: a review of a research critical appraisal workshop
A1  - Bott,M.T.
Y1  - 2000/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11799584 IN - Division of Nephrology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario AS - CANNT J. 10(3):52-4, 2000 Jul-Sep JC - 100959352 SB - N CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - *Kidney Diseases/nu [Nursing]
KW  - *Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Ontario
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 52
EP  - 54
JF  - CANNT Journal.2000 Jul-Sep; 10(3): 61.
J1  - CANNT Journal
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based practice requires that nurses possess the skills to critically evaluate and apply research findings. Unfortunately, many nurses have had no formal training in research appraisal. A five-hour workshop was offered to nurses working within nephrology settings, to assist nurses to develop research appraisal skills. This article provides an outline of the workshop agenda and reviews the session evaluations made by participants and group facilitators. Based upon the feedback from the five-hour workshop, a model for a future research appraisal workshop is presented
SN  - 1498-5136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 773
T1  - [The Cochrane Collaboration and the practice of evidence-based cardiology]. [Portuguese]
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2000/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11201633 IN - Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa OT - A Cochrane Collaboration e a pratica da cardiologia baseada na evidencia cientifica AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 19(11):1175-82, 2000 Nov JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Cardiology/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Cardiology/st [Standards]
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Solid
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1175
EP  - 1182
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
N2  - Evidence-based Cardiology (EBC) permits a rational and updated clinical approach to patients. The EBC practice needs credible, independent and scientifically solid information, but the sheer volume of the medical bibliography precludes individual solutions: we have too much information and what is relevant is sunk within what is irrelevant or useless. Selection, critical appraisal and synthesis of the best scientific evidence constitutes the basis of EBC. The Cochrane Collaboration is the best source of independent, updated and valid information: through published systematic reviews, the evidence is available in the format of CD-ROM, and can serve as the basis for a modern, efficient and rational cardiological practice
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 774
T1  - [Good clinical practice in the dietetic management of cancer patients]. [French]
A1  - Champetier,S.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Lallemand,Y.
A1  - Montane,C.
A1  - Bachmann,P.
A1  - Blanc-Vincent,M.P.
A1  - Bonneteau,C.
A1  - Claude,M.
A1  - Combret,D.
A1  - Cometto,F.
A1  - Dayot,F.
A1  - Duguet,A.
A1  - Duval,N.
A1  - Finck,C.
A1  - Freby-Lehner,A.
A1  - Garabige,V.
A1  - Massoud,C.
A1  - Meuric,J.
A1  - Poiree,B.
A1  - Puel,S.
A1  - Rossignol,G.
A1  - Roux-Bournay,P.
A1  - Simon,M.
A1  - Tran,M.
A1  - FNCLCC,C.R.L.C.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11174122 IN - FNCLCC, SOR, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75654 Paris Cedex 13 OT - Bonnes pratiques pour la prise en charge dietetique en cancerologie: la consultation AS - Bull Cancer. 87(12):917-26, 2000 Dec JC - bdz, 0072416 SB - IM CP - France PT - English Abstract PT - Guideline PT - Journal Article PT - Practice Guideline PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - French
KW  - *Neoplasms/co [Complications]
KW  - *Nutrition Assessment
KW  - *Nutrition Disorders/dh [Diet Therapy]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consultation
KW  - context
KW  - Counseling
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Feedback
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Malnutrition
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Staff
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Nutrition Disorders/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Nutrition Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 917
EP  - 926
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 87
IS  - 12
N2  - CONTEXT: The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR) project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of the French Cancer Centres (FNCL CC), the 20 French Cancer Centres and specialists from French Public Universities, General Hospitals and Private Clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and outcome for cancer patients. The methodology is based on literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feed-back from specialists in cancer care delivery. OBJECTIVES: To develop clinical practice guidelines according to the definitions of Standards, Options and Recommendations for the dietetic consultation for cancer patient. METHODS: Data have been identified by literature search wing Medline and the expert groups personal reference lists. Once the guidelines were defined, the document was submitted for review to 74 independent reviewers, and to the medical committees of the 20 French Cancer Centres. RESULTS: The main recommendations for the referral of cancer patients for dietary advice are: I) in oncology, there are 3 types of dietetic consultation: diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic; 2) the following cancer patients must have a dietetic consultation: i) those with, or at risk of malnutrition, ii) those without malnutrition but in need of counseling and iii) those at risk of treatment-related nutritional side effects; 3) a nutritional assessment is standard at the time of the first dietetic consultation. Patients must be given individualized and written advice; 4) the dietetic opinion and advice should be brought to the attention of medical staff to facilitate a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment; 5) patient's relatives should be involved in the dietetic management; 6) the efficacy of dietetic advice can be assessed by monitoring weight, gastrointestinal signs and patient satisfaction
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 775
T1  - A structured curriculum for improved resident education in statistics
A1  - Cheatham,M.L.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10888136 IN - Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Florida 32806, USA AS - Am Surg. 66(6):585-8, 2000 Jun JC - 43e, 0370522 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Statistics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - Concepts
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Florida
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Resident
KW  - Statistical Concepts
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 585
EP  - 588
JF  - American Surgeon
VL  - 66
IS  - 6
N2  - Many resident physicians do not receive sufficient education in statistical theory and study design to allow them to effectively interpret and apply the medical literature to patient care. A survey of 62 surgical residency programs identified that only 33 per cent include formal statistics teaching in their curricula. A structured curriculum was formulated to introduce surgical residents to basic statistical theory, common statistical tests, and study design. Lectures were integrated into an existing monthly journal club in which manuscripts reviewed were used to illustrate the statistical concepts taught. Knowledge improvement was determined using a multiple choice test given before and after completion of the curriculum. Mean test scores increased significantly as a result of the curriculum (P < 0.004). Formal statistics education using a structured curriculum significantly improves resident physician knowledge of statistical theory and study design. Such teaching can be easily integrated into a residency program's existing curriculum
SN  - 0003-1348
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 776
T1  - Medical and surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusions : an evidence-based guideline.[erratum appears in Chest 2001 Jan;119(1):319]. [Review] [41 refs]
A1  - Colice,G.L.
A1  - Curtis,A.
A1  - Deslauriers,J.
A1  - Heffner,J.
A1  - Light,R.
A1  - Littenberg,B.
A1  - Sahn,S.
A1  - Weinstein,R.A.
A1  - Yusen,R.D.
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11035692 IN - Pulmonary and Respiratory Services, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA AS - Chest. 118(4):1158-71, 2000 Oct JC - 0231335, d1c SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Consensus Development Conference PT - Guideline PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Practice Guideline PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Anti-Bacterial Agents
KW  - *Drug Therapy,Combination/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Fibrinolytic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Pleural Effusion/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Suction
KW  - *Thoracic Surgery,Video-Assisted
KW  - *Thoracostomy
KW  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
KW  - 0 (Fibrinolytic Agents)
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Consensus Development
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - Drug Administration Routes
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Suction/st [Standards]
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Thoracic Surgery,Video-Assisted/st [Standards]
KW  - Thoracostomy/st [Standards]
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1158
EP  - 1171
JF  - Chest.Vol.128(2)()(pp 507-517), 2005.
J1  - Chest
VL  - 118
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: A panel was convened by the Health and Science Policy Committee of the American College of Chest Physicians to develop a clinical practice guideline on the medical and surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusions (PPE) using evidence-based methods. OPTIONS AND OUTCOMES CONSIDERED: Based on consensus of clinical opinion, the expert panel developed an annotated table for evaluating the risk for poor outcome in patients with PPE. Estimates of the risk for poor outcome were based on the clinical judgment that, without adequate drainage of the pleural space, the patient with PPE would be likely to have any or all of the following: prolonged hospitalization, prolonged evidence of systemic toxicity, increased morbidity from any drainage procedure, increased risk for residual ventilatory impairment, increased risk for local spread of the inflammatory reaction, and increased mortality. Three variables, pleural space anatomy, pleural fluid bacteriology, and pleural fluid chemistry, were used in this annotated table to categorize patients into four separate risk levels for poor outcome: categories 1 (very low risk), 2 (low risk), 3 (moderate risk), and 4 (high risk). The panel's consensus opinion supported drainage for patients with moderate (category 3) or high (category 4) risk for a poor outcome, but not for patients with very low (category 1) or low (category 2) risk for a poor outcome. The medical literature was reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical and surgical management approaches for patients with PPE at moderate or high risk for poor outcome. The panel grouped PPE management approaches into six categories: no drainage performed, therapeutic thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, fibrinolytics, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and surgery (including thoracotoiny with or without decortication and rib resection). The fibrinolytic approach required tube thoracostomy for administration of drug, and VATS included post-procedure tube thoracostomy. Surgery may have included concomitant lung resection and always included postoperative tube thoracostomy. All management approaches included appropriate treatment of the underlying pneumonia, including systemic antibiotics. Criteria for including articles in the panel review were adequate data provided for >/=20 adult patients with PPE to allow evaluation of at least one relevant outcome (death or need for a second intervention to manage the PPE); reasonable assurance provided that drainage was clinically appropriate (patients receiving drainage were either category 3 or category 4) and drainage procedure was adequately described; and original data were presented. The strength of panel recommendations on management of PPE was based on the following approach: level A, randomized, controlled trials with consistent results or individual randomized, controlled trial with narrow confidence interval (CI); level B, controlled cohort and case control series; level C, historically controlled series and case series; and level D, expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal or based on physiology, bench research, or "first principles." EVIDENCE: The literature review revealed 24 articles eligible for full review by the panel, 19 of which dealt with the primary management approach to PPE and 5 with a rescue approach after a previous approach had failed. Of the 19 involving the primary management approach to PPE, there were 3 randomized, controlled trials, 2 historically controlled series, and 14 case series. The number of patients included in the randomized controlled trials was small; methodologic weaknesses were found in the 19 articles describing the results of primary management approaches to PPE. The proportion and 95% CI of patients suffering each of the two relevant outcomes (death and need for a second intervention to manage the PPE) were calculated for the pooled data for each management approach from the 19 articles on the primary management approach. (ABST [References: 41]
SN  - 0012-3692
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 777
T1  - [Is evidence-based medicine really a craze? Surely it is fashionable to criticize it. A methodologic comment from the Centro Italiano per la Medicina Basata sulle Prove (Italian Center for Proof-Based Medicine)].[see comment]. [Italian]
A1  - Conti,A.A.
A1  - Galanti,C.
A1  - Gensini,G.F.
Y1  - 2000/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11140289 IN - Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Cardiologia, Universita degli Studi, Firenze OT - La Medicina Basata sulle Evidenze e davvero una moda? Sicuramente e di moda criticarla. Un commento metodologico del Centro Italiano per la Medicina Basata sulle Prove CM - Comment in: Ital Heart J Suppl. 2001 Jan;2(1):91-2; PMID: 11216093 AS - Ital. heart j., Suppl.. 1(9):1192-5, 2000 Sep JC - 101223651 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Outpatients
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1192
EP  - 1195
JF  - Italian Heart Journal Supplement.Vol.6(6)()(pp 361-364), 2005.
J1  - Italian Heart Journal Supplement
VL  - 1
IS  - 9
N2  - Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) represents the methodological search for the best solution of a clinical problem, using the most relevant scientific acquisitions of biomedical research, collected and critically appraised in the light of the experience and expertise of physicians. This search is targeted to individual patient care, in the frame of risk/benefit and cost/effectiveness ratios. EBM approach constitutes a precious tool for applied clinical practice, and can also represent a useful methodological instrument for the complete management of patients. The impetus given to outcome studies, to effectiveness studies, to careful attention for outpatients, to the individual data (of the patients of controlled trials) analysis is a major merit of EBM. Many authors nowadays consider EBM just a fashion, and today denigrating EBM appears a fashion too. Medicine complexity is enormous, and EBM can provide a useful methodological approach to this same complexity. EBM is not the automatic solution for every clinical problem, but is a logical tool for the critical evaluation of the relevance of biomedical research results and for the judgment of their applicability into daily clinical practice
SN  - 1129-4728
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 778
T1  - Drug dependence in a journal club.[comment]
A1  - Cowan,J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10833978 CM - Comment on: ACP J Club. 2000 May-Jun;132(3):A13-4 AS - ACP J Club. 132(3):A23, 2000 May-Jun JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A23
EP  - Jun
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 779
T1  - Introducing critical appraisal
A1  - Davies,H.T.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10962662 IN - Department of Management, University of St Andrews, Fife AS - Hosp Med. 61(6):432-3, 2000 Jun JC - c1h, 9803882 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Education,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - healthcare
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 432
EP  - 433
JF  - Hospital Medicine (London)
VL  - 61
IS  - 6
N2  - All health-care professionals are being encouraged to use research evidence more in developing their clinical practice. To do this they need to inculcate the skills of 'critical appraisal'. Such skills involve assessing the appropriateness of research designs for answering clinical questions, critiquing the quality of the data gathering in individual studies, and assessing the implications of research findings
SN  - 1462-3935
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 780
T1  - [How to practically solve diagnostic or therapeutic problems in an EMB process?]. [French]
A1  - Delvenne,C.
A1  - Pasleau,F.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10909305 IN - Bibliotheque de la Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Liege OT - Comment resoudre en pratique un probleme diagnostique ou therapeutique en suivant une demarche EBM? AS - Rev Med Liege. 55(4):226-32, 2000 Apr JC - sm9, 0404317 SB - IM CP - BELGIUM PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care Planning
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 226
EP  - 232
JF  - Revue Medicale de Liege
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) can be defined as the use of best current evidence from clinical research in making decisions about the care of individual patients. It consists of a process of turning clinical problems into questions and then locating the best available evidence to answer them, critically appraising the evidence for its validity and usefulness, and applying the findings to clinical practice. The present article presents the EBM principles and their application to diagnostic and therapeutic questions. Further detailed information on Evidence-Based Medicine is presented at the URL address: http:inverted-?www.ebm.lib.ulg.ac.be/prostate/ebm.+ ++htm
SN  - 0370-629X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 781
T1  - A ten-year analysis of surgical education research
A1  - Derossis,A.M.
A1  - DaRosa,D.A.
A1  - Dutta,S.
A1  - Dunnington,G.L.
Y1  - 2000/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11036143 IN - Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA AS - Am J Surg. 180(1):58-61, 2000 Jul JC - 3z4, 0370473 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis LG - English
KW  - *Research
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Collection Methods
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - Humans
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Observation
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review,Research
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - problems
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Review
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - testing
KW  - trends
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 61
JF  - American Journal of Surgery
VL  - 180
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Surgical education peer-reviewed publications have markedly increased over the last decade. The purpose of this study was to review the surgical education literature published over the last 10 years and address the following questions: What subjects in surgical education tend to be studied? What are the most to least commonly employed research designs and statistics? Has there been a change in how research data are collected? Where are these studies published? METHODS: A literature search encompassing surgical education papers published between January 1988 and August 1998 was performed. Four investigators coded qualifying abstracts on journal type, subject of research, data collection methods, research design, and statistics. Each investigator was asked to code 10 articles at the start of the study to assess interrater reliability. RESULTS: A total of 420 abstracts were evaluated. Interrater reliability yielded percent agreements ranging from 82% to 96%. Curriculum and teaching were the most frequent topics studied (40%), followed by assessment (23%) and program evaluation (18%). Most research designs used were descriptive (41%). Experimental design has progressively increased from 2% in 1988-89 to 16% in 1998. A total of 551 statistical methods were accounted for in the 420 abstracts. The most common statistical analyses used were descriptive statistics (32%). The predominant mode of data collection was through testing or direct observations (34%). Survey instruments followed closely as a popular data collection method at 27%.The majority of papers were published in peer-reviewed surgical journals (64%),followed by medical education journals (22%) and "other" journals (14%). CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of the surgical education literature demonstrates the growing emphasis on the use of educational research to explore relevant issues and problems. Descriptive research is most popular, with an increasing trend in experimental research. Publication of educational research in peer-reviewed surgical journals is becoming more popular. This study informs those interested in the surgical education research literature of current trends, and what they need to know for a more critical appraisal of this body of literature
SN  - 0002-9610
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 782
T1  - Applying the results of a systematic review in general practice.[see comment]
A1  - Doust,J.A.
A1  - Silagy,C.A.
Y1  - 2000/02/21/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10772584 IN - Department of General Practice, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide. jenny.doust@flinders.edu.au CM - Comment in: Med J Aust. 2000 Feb 21;172(4):149; PMID: 10772581 AS - Med J Aust. 172(4):153-6, 2000 Feb 21 JC - 0400714, m26 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Family Practice/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Otitis Media/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - *Physicians,Family/px [Psychology]
KW  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
KW  - Acute Disease
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - Family Practice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Female
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Head
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - media
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Physicians,Family/ed [Education]
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Probability
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 156
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 172
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To assess how general practitioners might interpret and apply the results of a systematic review relevant to general practice. DESIGN: Cross-sectional postal survey of general practitioners in August 1997. PARTICIPANTS: 51 general practitioners in the Southern Division of General Practice in Adelaide and 11 professors or heads of departments of general practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent to which comments on the implications for practice and implications for research coincided with the evidence presented in a systematic review of antibiotics for the treatment of acute otitis media in children; and reported probability that respondents would prescribe antibiotics in three brief case scenarios. RESULTS: There was considerable variation in the comments made by general practitioners on the implications of the review for clinical practice. After reading the review, respondents with training in critical appraisal were more likely to state that children with acute otitis media would usually recover spontaneously and reported a lower probability of prescribing antibiotics in two of the three case scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: Providing systematic reviews is not sufficient for the results of such evidence to be translated into clinical practice. There is an association between critical appraisal skills and the application of evidence-based practice
SN  - 0025-729X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 783
T1  - Modernizing the journal club
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10962660 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, City Hospital, Birmingham AS - Hosp Med. 61(6):425-7, 2000 Jun JC - c1h, 9803882 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Societies/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/td [Trends]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies/td [Trends]
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 425
EP  - 427
JF  - Hospital Medicine (London)
VL  - 61
IS  - 6
N2  - Traditionally journal clubs provide a forum to learn presentation skills. We propose a new approach to teaching and learning in journal clubs, focusing on literature acquisition and critical appraisal skills. This approach will enable trainees to use journal clubs for personal professional development as well as for application of new knowledge in clinical medicine to improve patients' outcomes
SN  - 1462-3935
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 784
T1  - [Is an article worthy to be read? Practical guide to the art of critical assessment of a randomized controlled trial]. [Review] [18 refs] [Swedish]
A1  - Eliasson,M.
Y1  - 2000/12/13/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11188531 IN - Sunderby sjukhus, Lulea. mats.eliasson@nll.se OT - Ar artikeln vard att lasa? Praktisk handledning i konsten att kritiskt granska en randomiserad behandlingsstudie AS - Lakartidningen. 97(50):5897-902, 2000 Dec 13 JC - l0n, 0027707 SB - IM CP - Sweden PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Swedish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Double-Blind Method
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5897
EP  - 5902
JF  - Lakartidningen
VL  - 97
IS  - 50
N2  - Clinicians need to know how to critically appraise clinical trials in order to choose the best papers upon which to base their clinical decisions. By appraising the section on "methods" the most important questions regarding validity and relevance can be answered. The most important components of validity include adequate randomisation procedures, blinding (where possible) and minimising the number of patients lost to follow-up. The conclusions of a well conducted study should be applicable to a broad range of patients and settings. [References: 18]
SN  - 0023-7205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 785
T1  - [A guide to critical reading of clinical articles]. [Swedish]
A1  - Eliasson,M.
Y1  - 2000/06/28/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10925577 IN - Sunderby sjukhus, Lulea. Mats.Eliasson@nll.se OT - En guide till kritisk lasning av kliniska artiklar AS - Lakartidningen. 97(26-27):3178-9, 2000 Jun 28 JC - l0n, 0027707 SB - IM CP - SWEDEN PT - Journal Article LG - Swedish
KW  - *Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Peer Review,Research
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Reading
KW  - Sweden
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3178
EP  - 3179
JF  - Lakartidningen
VL  - 97
IS  - 26-27
SN  - 0023-7205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 786
T1  - [The systematic review is the foundation of evidence based medicine. One of the most important contributions to clinical medicine of the past decade]. [Review] [19 refs] [Swedish]
A1  - Eliasson,M.
Y1  - 2000/05/31/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10900892 IN - Sunderby sjukhus, Lulea. Mats.Eliasson@nll.se OT - Den systematiska oversikten grundval i evidensbaserad medicin. Ett av de viktigaste tillskotten till den kliniska medicinen under senaste artiondet AS - Lakartidningen. 97(22):2726-8, 2000 May 31 JC - l0n, 0027707 SB - IM, Q CP - SWEDEN PT - English Abstract PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Swedish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Technology,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2726
EP  - 2728
JF  - Lakartidningen
VL  - 97
IS  - 22
N2  - The traditional narrative review has been shown repeatedly to be biased, mostly towards exaggerated treatment size effects. In contrast, the systematic review follows a strict protocol regarding focused questions, explicit criteria for literature searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, critical appraisal and a synthesis which is quantitative when appropriate. There is empirical evidence that bias is reduced and that the conclusions reached have greater validity for the construction of treatment guidelines. In this paper three sources of systematic reviews are identified: the Cochrane Library, reviews published in peer-reviewed journals, and assessments of health technology (HTA-reports). Editors are encouraged to publish systematic reviews after proper critical appraisal, and readers are advised to search for such reviews when in need of guidance on important clinical questions. [References: 19]
SN  - 0023-7205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 787
T1  - The ASK model: a bare bones approach to the critique of nursing research for use in practice
A1  - Evans,J.C.
A1  - Shreve,W.S.
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16422384 IN - Center for Nursing Research and Evaluation, Medical College of Ohio, in Toledo, OH, USA AS - J Trauma Nurs. 7(4):83-91, 2000 Oct-Dec JC - cfl, 9512997, 9512997 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Guidelines
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - College
KW  - Emergency Nursing
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Wounds and Injuries/nu [Nursing]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 91
JF  - Journal of Trauma Nursing
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
N2  - Professional nurses are expected to read and evaluate nursing research. Many nurses' report feeling intimated by research studies. The Applicability, Science, Knowledge Model offers the basics needed to quickly review and grasp the potential clinical significance of a journal study. Using a research report previously published in the Journal of Trauma Nursing, the authors demonstrate the critique process. Key points for critical understanding and guidelines for application to practice are presented
SN  - 1078-7496
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 788
T1  - Selecting a mental health needs assessment scale: guidance on the critical appraisal of standardized measures
A1  - Evans,S.
A1  - Greenhalgh,J.
A1  - Connelly,J.
Y1  - 2000/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11133121 IN - Division of Public Health, Nuffield Institute for Health, University of Leeds, UK AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 6(4):379-93, 2000 Nov JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Health Care Surveys/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Health Services Needs and Demand/cl [Classification]
KW  - *Mental Health Services
KW  - *Needs Assessment
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Checklist
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Scales
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 379
EP  - 393
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - The assessment of need has become a central element of the NHS policy on mental health care. Despite the importance placed on a needs-led mental health service, little guidance has been provided as to the most appropriate means of assessing need. The use of standardized instruments can facilitate a systematic approach to the needs assessment process. However, available mental health needs assessment scales (MHNAS) vary considerably. Care is required to ensure that the scale selected is appropriate to the proposed purpose. This paper presents practical guidance on instrument selection for potential users of MHNAS including: (1) a review of the key issues to be considered when selecting an assessment scale, (2) a critical appraisal checklist for use in the review of needs assessment scales, and (3) a comparative analysis of three of the most commonly cited needs assessment scales. In addition, recommendations are made of ways to improve both the accessibility of MNHAS and to facilitate their appraisal prior to application in a clinical or research setting
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 789
T1  - Drug dependence in a journal club.[comment]
A1  - Fekete,T.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10833976 CM - Comment on: ACP J Club. 2000 May-Jun;132(3):A13-4 AS - ACP J Club. 132(3):A22, 2000 May-Jun JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A22
EP  - Jun
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 790
T1  - [Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR): consequences of the SOR guidelines project in terms of liability for French Cancer Centers]. [French]
A1  - Fervers,B.
A1  - Esper,C.
A1  - Theobald,S.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Philip,T.
A1  - FNCLCC,C.R.L.C.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11174121 IN - FNCLCC, SOR, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75654 Paris Cedex 13 OT - Standards, Options et Recommandations (SOR): leurs effets juridiques en termes de responsabilite, recommandations et suggestions a l'intention des Centres de lutte contre le cancer AS - Bull Cancer. 87(12):907-15, 2000 Dec JC - bdz, 0072416 SB - IM CP - France PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Liability,Legal
KW  - *Medical Oncology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - consequence
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Disasters
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Feedback
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Oncology/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence]
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - mind
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 907
EP  - 915
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 87
IS  - 12
N2  - Context. The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR) project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of the French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French comprehensive Cancer Centers and specialists from French Public Universities, General Hospitals and Private Clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and outcome for cancer patients. The methodology is based on literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery. Objectives. To identify consequences in terms of liability of the development of SOR guidelines and to formulate recommendations for the FNCLCC and medical doctors using SOR. Methods. Data have been identified by literature search on legal matters by CNEH's Legal Center JuriSante, then submitted to a group of 8 experts. Results. The main conclusions of the present study are: 1)The SOR attest a high level of quality and methodological rigor; 2) according to legal considerations and in comparison to the available scientific data, the SOR guidelines can be considered as the state of the art in oncology at time of release; 3) the study identified six quality properties of Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR): information contained in the SOR must be serious, accurate, reliable, complete, up-to-date and secure. The respect of these quality criteria is essential in the matter of liability; 4) when gathered, they can prevent the actors from being implicated on questions of liability. Specialists who use the SOR may avoid problems of liability, nevertheless evidence and the state of the art may evolve with time; 5) clinicians who do not use the SOR, may appear to be responsible for disasters, except if they can justify their medical decision (evolution of scientific knowledge or specific clinical circumstances, etc.); 6) therefore, SOR developers need to keep in mind these essential properties when SOR are prepared; 7) the SOR steering committee (COSOR) analysed the conclusions of the present legal study and defined a series of actions and procedures to guarantee the respect of the above quality criteria
SN  - 0007-4551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 791
T1  - A systematic review of patient information leaflets for hypertension. [Review] [13 refs]
A1  - Fitzmaurice,D.A.
A1  - Adams,J.L.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10805051 IN - Department of General Practice, Public and Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK AS - J Hum Hypertens. 14(4):259-62, 2000 Apr JC - 8811625 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Hypertension/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Pamphlets
KW  - *Patient Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - content
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Needs
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Societies,Medical
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching Materials
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 262
JF  - Journal of Human Hypertension
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To review patient information leaflets on hypertension to determine the quality of information currently available to patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: A standardised systematic rating of patient information leaflets for hypertension in the UK. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A quality score per leaflet based on a pre-determined rating scale. using recognised criteria with marks allocated for content, writing style, readability and design. RESULTS: Sixty-one leaflets were received, 42 from the Internet and 19 from other sources. Leaflets could achieve a maximum of 84 points. Scores ranged from 30 to 70 for non-Internet leaflets and 28 to 67 for Internet leaflets. Leaflets produced by Boeringer Ingelheim for the British Hypertension Society and Greenlines Publishing (with a medical education grant from Knoll Ltd) scored highest overall. A detailed analysis of the non-Internet leaflets showed that few leaflets contained the full range of information considered important though most should be readable by the majority of the adult population and are written using appropriate language and typeface. CONCLUSION: High quality information is available for patients, though some leaflets fall below an adequate standard. Professionals providing advice to patients should have some knowledge of what constitutes good quality information and be critical of the resources they use. Ideally surgeries and clinics should stock a range of the best information available so that patients can chose the leaflet most appropriate to their needs. [References: 13]
SN  - 0950-9240
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 792
T1  - Critical care nurses read the writing on the wall
A1  - Flournoy,E.
A1  - Turner,G.
A1  - Combs,D.
Y1  - 2000/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10827698 IN - Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ga., USA AS - Nurs Manage. 31(2):46-7, 2000 Feb JC - 8219243, obv SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Audiovisual Aids
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Inservice Training/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - United States
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 47
JF  - Nursing Management
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
N2  - Need a creative way to stimulate adult learners? Interactive bulletin boards book readers and give you an opportunity to communicate with humor
SN  - 0744-6314
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 793
T1  - An internet-based learning portfolio in resident education: the KOALA multicentre programme
A1  - Fung,M.F.
A1  - Walker,M.
A1  - Fung,K.F.
A1  - Temple,L.
A1  - Lajoie,F.
A1  - Bellemare,G.
A1  - Bryson,S.C.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10792690 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada AS - Med Educ. 34(6):474-9, 2000 Jun JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Gynecology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Obstetrics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertext
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning experiences
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mann-Whitney U Test
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - methods
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Patient
KW  - Perception
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale
KW  - Software
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Training
KW  - Ultrasound
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 474
EP  - 479
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
N2  - CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the Computerized Obstetrics and Gynecology Automated Learning Anaalysis (KOALAtrade mark), a multicentre, Internet-based learning portfolio and to determine its effects on residents' perception of their self-directed learning abilities. METHODS: The KOALA programme allows residents to record their obstetrical, surgical, ultrasound, and ambulatory patient encounters and to document critical incidents of learning or elements of surprise that arose during these encounters. By prompting the student to reflect on these learning experiences, KOALA encourages residents to articulate questions which can be directly pursued through hypertext links to evidence-based literature. Four Canadian residency training programmes participated in the pilot project, from February to May 1997, using a dynamic relational database with a central server. All participants completed the Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale and a learning habits questionnaire. The impact of the KOALA programme on residents' perception of their self-directed learning abilities was measured by comparing KOALA-naive schools (schools 2, 3, and 4) with school 1 (exposed to the KOALA prototype for 1 year). Ordered variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and continuous variables with the Student t test (statistical significance P < 0. 05). RESULTS: During the study period, 7049 patient and 1460 critical incidents of learning were recorded by 41 residents in the four participating universities. Residents at the exposed school (school 1) had a significantly higher perception of their self-directed learning (P < 0.05) and believed their future learning was less likely to be from continuing medical education (P < 0.028), textbooks (P < 0.04), and didactic lectures (P < 0.011) and would be derived from a learning portfolio with online resources. CONCLUSION: This Internet-based, multi-user, multicentre learning portfolio has a significant effect on residents' perception of their self-directed learning abilities
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 794
T1  - Successful teaching in evidence-based medicine
A1  - Ghali,W.A.
A1  - Saitz,R.
A1  - Eskew,A.H.
A1  - Gupta,M.
A1  - Quan,H.
A1  - Hershman,W.Y.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10607274 IN - Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Canada AS - Med Educ. 34(1):18-22, 2000 Jan JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Canada
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 18
EP  - 22
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Several published articles have described the importance of exposing medical trainees to the 'new paradigm' of evidence-based medicine (EBM). Recognizing this, we sought to develop and objectively evaluate a mini-course in EBM for third-year medical students. DESIGN: We developed a mini-course consisting of four sessions in which students learn to derive sequentially focused questions, search MEDLINE, review articles critically and apply information from the literature to specific clinical questions. To evaluate the teaching intervention, we performed a controlled educational study. Students at the intervention site (n=34) attended the EBM mini-course, while students at the control site (n=26) received more 'traditional' didactic teaching on various clinical topics. Intervention and control students were surveyed immediately before and after the mini-course to assess changes in reading and literature searching skills, as well as a tendency to use the literature to answer clinical questions. SETTING: Boston University School of Medicine. SUBJECTS: Third-year medical students. RESULTS: The intervention was associated with significant changes in students' self-assessed skills and attitudes. MEDLINE and critical appraisal skills increased significantly in the intervention group relative to the control group (significance of between group differences: P=0.002 for MEDLINE and P=0.0002 for critical appraisal), as did students' tendency to use MEDLINE and original research articles to solve clinical problems (significance of between group differences: P=0.002 and P=0.0008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this brief teaching intervention in EBM has had a positive impact on student skills and attitudes at our medical school. We believe that the key elements of this intervention are (1) active student involvement, (2), clinical relevance of exercises and (3) integrated teaching targeting each of the component skills of EBM
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 795
T1  - Graduate nurses: critical thinkers or better decision makers?
A1  - Girot,E.A.
Y1  - 2000/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10672085 IN - University of the West of England, Bristol AS - J Adv Nurs. 31(2):288-97, 2000 Feb JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - ENGLAND PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Graduate
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - higher education
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychological Tests/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 288
EP  - 297
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
N2  - This study evaluates the difference in development of critical thinking across four groups of nurses at different stages of the academic process and their perception of their decision-making ability in practice. With the move of nurse education into institutes of higher education nationally, there are no empirical data in the UK to suggest that graduates practice any differently from their non-graduate colleagues. An opportunistic sample of 82 nurses, was chosen from recent admission on a pre-registration degree programme, to mature graduates, as well as a group of experienced, non-graduate practitioners. A quasi-experimental, between-subjects design was used. A series of one-way ANOVAs was used to analyse the difference in critical thinking across all four groups, employing the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Additionally, the Jenkins Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale was used to determine the differences in decision-making ability in practice across three of the groups with clinical experience. Furthermore, a correlation was undertaken to determine what relationship, if any, existed between critical thinking and decision-making in practice. It was found that there was no significant difference in the critical thinking skills across all groups studied, supporting the findings of other studies in the USA, which examined the cognitive skills of students undertaking graduate programmes. However, in their practice, it was found that those exposed to the academic process were significantly better at decision-making than their non-academic colleagues. Finally, no relationship could be found between the development of critical thinking and decision-making in practice, suggesting that more work needs to be done to look carefully at both critical thinking skills and decision-making in practice and the tools used to measure these
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 796
T1  - Multiprofessional perceptions of a paediatric nursing development unit
A1  - Glasper,E.A.
A1  - Brooking,J.
A1  - Raphael,H.
Y1  - 2000/04/13/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11111436 IN - University of Southampton AS - Br J Nurs. 9(7):414-22, 2000 Apr 13-26 JC - big, 9212059 SB - N CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Hospital Units/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Pediatric Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - innovation
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Outpatient Clinics,Hospital/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Perception
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 414
EP  - 422
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2006 Dec 14-2007 Jan 10; 15(22): 1255-9.(49 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Nursing
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
N2  - This article describes the final component of the quinquennial evaluation of a King's Fund accredited nursing development unit (NDU) within a paediatric outpatient department of a large district general hospital during the period 1993-1998. The study draws upon descriptive data obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 83 members of staff associated with the outpatient department. Overall, the results demonstrate that NDU status has enabled staff to embrace the change process more readily than might have been possible otherwise. The basic premise that NDUs should promote nursing innovation is explored and critically evaluated
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 797
T1  - Evidence-based medicine training in graduate medical education: past, present and future
A1  - Green,M.L.
Y1  - 2000/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10970006 IN - Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 6(2):121-38, 2000 May JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/td [Trends]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - challenge
KW  - context
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - History
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
EP  - 138
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) training remains a challenge to educators, particularly in graduate medical education. In this article, I trace the history of EBM in American medical education, review traditional journal clubs and contrast them to free-standing EBM curricula, petition for the advancement of integrated EBM teaching and propose an agenda for future work. Traditional journal clubs are unsuitable to teach evidence-based decision making because of their exclusive focus on critical appraisal. In contrast, EBM curricula cover the identification, appraisal and application of evidence in the context of individual patient scenarios. The effectiveness of some recent efforts reflects increasing attention to curriculum development principles and scientific rigour. The integration of EBM training into residents' established clinical venues offers theoretical educational advantages and confronts the challenge of practising EBM under the imperatives of 'real time' patient care. Initial responses to this formidable challenge show promise, but their feasibility and effectiveness remain to be explored. A more complete understanding of the epidemiology of residents' emerging clinical questions will inform continued curriculum development in integrated EBM training
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 798
T1  - Evidence-based medicine training in internal medicine residency programs a national survey
A1  - Green,M.L.
Y1  - 2000/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10672117 IN - Yale Primary Care Residency Program, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06721, USA. mgreen@wtbyyhosp.chime.org AS - J Gen Intern Med. 15(2):129-33, 2000 Feb JC - jgi, 8605834 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Questionnaires
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 129
EP  - 133
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
N2  - To characterize evidence-based medicine (EBM) curricula in internal medicine residency programs, a written survey was mailed to 417 program directors of U.S. internal medicine residency programs. For programs offering a freestanding (dedicated curricular time) EBM curriculum, the survey inquired about its objectives, format, curricular time, attendance, faculty development, resources, and evaluation. All directors responded to questions regarding integrating EBM teaching into established educational venues. Of 417 program directors, 269 (65%) responded. Of these 269 programs, 99 (37%) offered a freestanding EBM curriculum. Among these, the most common objectives were performing critical appraisal (78%), searching for evidence (53%), posing a focused question (44%), and applying the evidence in decision making (35%). Although 97% of the programs provided MEDLINE, only 33% provided Best Evidence or the Cochrane Library. Evaluation was performed in 37% of the freestanding curricula. Considering all respondents, most programs reported efforts to integrate EBM teaching into established venues, including attending rounds (84%), resident report (82%), continuity clinic (76%), bedside rounds (68%), and emergency department (35%). However, only 51% to 64% of the programs provided on-site electronic information and 31% to 45% provided site-specific faculty development. One third of the training programs reported offering freestanding EBM curricula, which commonly targeted important EBM skills, utilized the residents' experiences, and employed an interactive format. Less than one half of the curricula, however, included curriculum evaluation, and many failed to provide important medical information sources. Most programs reported efforts to integrate EBM teaching, but many of these attempts lacked important structural elements
SN  - 0884-8734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 799
T1  - The role of journal clubs in orthopaedic surgery residency programs
A1  - Greene,W.B.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10810491 IN - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia 65212, USA AS - Clin Orthop. (373):304-10, 2000 Apr JC - 0075674, dfy SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Orthopedics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - History
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 304
EP  - 310
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research.(413)()(pp 55-62), 2003.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research
IS  - 373
N2  - Journal clubs have a long history in graduate medical education; however, their role in orthopaedic surgery residencies has not been analyzed. The 161 orthopaedic residency program directors in the United States and Canada were surveyed to determine the frequency, format, and goals of journal clubs. Journal clubs are a regular part of the education program in 147 of the 149 programs that responded. Most journal clubs meet once per month in the evening and review articles from more than one periodical. Program directors rate teaching residents how to evaluate a scientific article as the most important goal of a journal club. Although journal clubs are virtually universal in orthopaedic programs, additional study is needed to assess their efficacy and optimal format
SN  - 0009-921X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 800
T1  - A faculty development course in obstetrics and gynecology. [Review] [25 refs]
A1  - Grimes,D.A.
A1  - Schulz,K.F.
A1  - Droegemueller,W.
A1  - Munsick,R.A.
A1  - Lisanti,S.
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11035360 IN - Family Health International, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. dgrimes@fhi.org AS - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 183(4):1041-4, 2000 Oct JC - 3ni, 0370476 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Faculty
KW  - *Gynecology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Obstetrics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Staff Development
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Career
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Health
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - group discussions
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - principles
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - small groups
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1041
EP  - 1044
JF  - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.Vol.191(1)()(pp 36-44), 2004.
J1  - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
VL  - 183
IS  - 4
N2  - Sponsored by the nonprofit Berlex Foundation, this 6-day Faculty Development Course introduces small groups of new faculty to research design, critical appraisal of the literature, scientific writing, and evidence-based medicine. The course includes didactic presentations, small group discussions, and individual protocol development. Its influence on academic careers is impossible to determine, because defining an appropriate comparison group is not feasible. However, the cumulative effect should be to increase the research expertise of some young faculty in academic departments nationwide. In addition, many participants have introduced the principles of evidence-based medicine in their own teaching programs. [References: 25]
SN  - 0002-9378
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 801
T1  - Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XXV. Evidence-based medicine: principles for applying the Users' Guides to patient care. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.[see comment]
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
A1  - Jaeschke,R.Z.
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Green,L.
A1  - Naylor,C.D.
A1  - Wilson,M.C.
A1  - Richardson,W.S.
Y1  - 2000/09/13/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10979117 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Room 2C12, 1200 Main St W, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5 CM - Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Dec 27;284(24):3127-8; PMID: 11135773 AS - JAMA. 284(10):1290-6, 2000 Sep 13 JC - 7501160 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Patient Care
KW  - *Publications
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1290
EP  - 1296
JF  - JAMA.Vol.294(11)()(pp 1333-1342), 2005.Date of Publication: 21 SEP 2005.
J1  - JAMA
VL  - 284
IS  - 10
N2  - This series provides clinicians with strategies and tools to interpret and integrate evidence from published research in their care of patients. The 2 key principles for applying all the articles in this series to patient care relate to the value-laden nature of clinical decisions and to the hierarchy of evidence postulated by evidence-based medicine. Clinicians need to be able to distinguish high from low quality in primary studies, systematic reviews, practice guidelines, and other integrative research focused on management recommendations. An evidence-based practitioner must also understand the patient's circumstances or predicament; identify knowledge gaps and frame questions to fill those gaps; conduct an efficient literature search; critically appraise the research evidence; and apply that evidence to patient care. However, treatment judgments often reflect clinician or societal values concerning whether intervention benefits are worth the cost. Many unanswered questions concerning how to elicit preferences and how to incorporate them in clinical encounters constitute an enormously challenging frontier for evidence-based medicine. Time limitation remains the biggest obstacle to evidence-based practice but clinicians should seek evidence from as high in the appropriate hierarchy of evidence as possible, and every clinical decision should be geared toward the particular circumstances of the patient
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 802
T1  - Facilitating critical thinking. [Review] [13 refs]
A1  - Hansten,R.I.
A1  - Washburn,M.J.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11013519 IN - Hansten & Washburn, Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA AS - J Nurses Staff Dev. 16(1):23-30, 2000 Jan-Feb JC - 9809908, C30 SB - N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Nursing Staff/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Staff/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Staff Development/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - form
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
JF  - Journal for Nurses in Staff Development - JNSD
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Supporting staff to think effectively is essential to improve clinical systems, decrease errors and sentinel events, and engage staff involvement to refine patient care systems in readiness for new care-delivery models that truly reflect the valued role of the RN. The authors explore practical methods, based on current research and national consulting experience, to facilitate the development of mature critical thinking skills. Assessment tools, a sample agenda for formal presentations, and teaching strategies using behavioral examples that make the important and necessary link of theory to reality are discussed in the form of a critical thinking test as well as a conceptual model for application in problem solving. [References: 13]
SN  - 1098-7886
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 803
T1  - Information age testing: making rigorous exams fun to write and easy to grade
A1  - Hiebert,S.M.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10902533 IN - Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania 19081-1390, USA. shieber1@swarthmore.edu AS - Adv Physiol Educ. 23(1):96-100, 2000 Jun JC - 100913944, dp5 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Physiology/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 96
EP  - 100
JF  - Advances in Physiology Education
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
N2  - This essay discusses methods by which an exam writer can achieve three objectives: 1) producing questions that test a student's understanding, defined as the ability to apply knowledge in a novel context; 2) writing questions that require minimal grading time; and 3) keeping current and excited about the field, which is critical for transmitting personal enthusiasm to students. Included are descriptions of practical, time-saving methods for processing and filing examination material; ways to use readily available databases for quickly generating rigorous, interesting questions, with examples of questions generated in this way; suggestions for structuring questions so that they are easily graded; and general advice for preparing students to take this kind of examination
SN  - 1043-4046
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 804
T1  - Evaluating on-line continuing education for nurses
A1  - Huckstadt,A.
A1  - Hayes,K.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12004521 IN - Wichita State University, School of Nursing, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS 67260-0041, USA AS - Nurs Leadersh Forum. 5(1):21-4, 2000 JC - 9503422, dch SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer-Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Online Systems
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude to Computers
KW  - Author
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - media
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - quality
KW  - School
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 24
JF  - Nursing Leadership Forum
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
N2  - The rapid increase in web sites for nursing continuing education demands critical appraisal by the user. The level of anonymity of the web site authors and sponsors may lead to a laxity of accountability found in no other media. This article discusses criteria for web site evaluation and provides a rating instrument to assist learners in determining the quality and usability of an on-line nursing continuing education offering. Using the rating instrument, two web sites are reviewed. A list of selected nursing continuing education web sites is included
SN  - 1076-1632
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 805
T1  - Translating knowledge into good practice
A1  - Joyce,L.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12029879 IN - Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds AS - Prof Nurse. 16(3):960-3, 2000 Dec JC - 8612884, pzx SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing Care/st [Standards]
KW  - academics
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guideline Adherence
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Translating
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 960
EP  - 963
JF  - Professional Nurse.2004 Feb; 19(6): 308-9.(3 ref 1 bib)
J1  - Professional Nurse
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - Nurses should value knowledge gained by experience, and pass on such knowledge to new colleagues. Collaboration between nurses and academics is a beneficial method of sharing clinical and academic viewpoints. Reflective groups and journal clubs can help to develop evidence-based practice. Implementing knowledge in practice is a challenge and can be very rewarding for practitioners, as well as improving patient care
SN  - 0266-8130
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 806
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine: an approach without any weakness?]. [French]
A1  - Junod,A.F.
Y1  - 2000/04/06/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10804844 IN - Departement de Medecine Interne, Hopital Cantonal, Geneve. Alain-Francois.Junod@hcuge.ch OT - Evidence-based medicine: une approche au-dessus de toute faiblesse? AS - Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 89(15):614-8, 2000 Apr 6 JC - 8403202, srm SB - IM CP - SWITZERLAND PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - formulation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - strategies
KW  - Switzerland
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 614
EP  - 618
JF  - Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis
VL  - 89
IS  - 15
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is a methodological approach giving access to the best information derived from clinical research for an individual patient. It requires the formulation of a question, a strategy to search for the best information, the selection of the latter, its critical appraisal and its application to the patient. The qualities, but also the limitations of this approach are discussed
SN  - 1013-2058
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 807
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal during critical care fellowship training: a foundation for evidence-based critical care medicine
A1  - Kellum,J.A.
A1  - Rieker,J.P.
A1  - Power,M.
A1  - Powner,D.J.
Y1  - 2000/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10966297 IN - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA AS - Crit Care Med. 28(8):3067-70, 2000 Aug JC - dtf, 0355501 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Fellowships and Scholarships
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Lung Injury
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3067
EP  - 3070
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fellowship training in critical care medicine with critical appraisal exercises improves the ability and confidence of fellows to evaluate the medical literature. DESIGN: Prospective, interventional pilot study. SETTING: Multidisciplinary critical care medicine training program at a large university hospital. INTERVENTION: Fellows were given three didactic sessions covering study design, analysis, and critical appraisal techniques. During the course of the year, each fellow was required to review one article from the literature and present a critique of this article to the group and faculty (Journal Club). Fellows were guided in the preparation of this presentation by one of the critical care medicine faculty. Finally, a written analysis and critique of the article was performed by each fellow. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A test was given to each fellow at the beginning and end of the academic year. This test consisted of two pairs of articles on therapy for acute lung injury. For the pretest, each fellow was assigned, at random, one pair of articles. Fellows were given 1 hr to review both articles and to fill out a six-point test to assess their ability and confidence to appraise each article. At the end of the year, each fellow was tested on the opposite pair, the tests were graded in a blinded fashion and the results of each test were compared. Six fellows completed both pre- and posttests. These paired results were analyzed separately, whereas results for another six fellows were conducted as an unpaired analysis. Mean scores increased both for the paired analysis (4.1+/-0.7 vs. 5.1+/-0.5; p = .015) and for the unpaired analysis (4.3+/-0.6 vs. 5.0+/-0.5; p = .012). Self-reported confidence in critical appraisal also increased (2.5+/-0.5 vs. 3.9+/-0.7; p = .004 and 2.6+/-0.5 vs. 3.9+/-0.6; p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Critical appraisal exercises used in the training of critical care medicine fellows appear to improve both ability and confidence to appraise relevant medical literature
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 808
T1  - Evidence-based psychiatry--do psychiatrists want it and can they do it?
A1  - Lawrie,S.M.
A1  - Scott,A.I.
A1  - Sharpe,M.C.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12813849 IN - Edinburgh Healthcare NHS Trust, Edinburgh AS - Health Bull (Edinb). 58(1):25-33, 2000 Jan JC - g1y, 0012330 SB - IM CP - Scotland PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Psychiatry/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guideline Adherence
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Medical Staff,Hospital/st [Standards]
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - researchers
KW  - Scotland
KW  - strategies
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Trust
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 25
EP  - 33
JF  - Health Bulletin
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To examine (a) psychiatrists' attitudes to evidence-based psychiatry, (b) whether psychiatrists have identifiable clinical information needs, (c) if such information is practically obtainable, and (d) how psychiatrists respond to the information obtained. DESIGN: We surveyed senior psychiatrists to enquire about their attitudes and to request up to three clinical questions they would like answered. We attempted to find evidence to answer the five most frequently asked questions using recommended strategies and timed how long it took us. We fed our answers back to those who had asked one of these questions and asked if they found the answers useful. SETTING: Specialist registrars, senior registrars and consultants in south-east Scotland. RESULTS: Ninety three (76%) of those surveyed returned usable questionnaires. Respondents thought that only 40% of their practice is evidence-based. They reported that 'insufficient time' was the biggest barrier to implementing evidence-based psychiatry. The most frequently asked questions concerned the treatment of major psychiatric disorders. It took us--three experienced researchers, trained in critical appraisal, with excellent local facilities--between 15-60 minutes to answer each question. Most of those who had asked the questions (15/22) thought they would not have been able to answer them and stated that such a 'question answering service' as piloted here would be valuable. CONCLUSIONS: An evidence-based psychiatry appears to be desirable and possible, but impractical for the individual clinician. There is a need for short accessible evidence-based summaries of optimal treatment in psychiatry
SN  - 0374-8014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 809
T1  - The journal club. Teaching critical evaluation of clinical literature in an evidence-based environment
A1  - Letterie,G.S.
A1  - Morgenstern,L.S.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10804485 IN - Center for Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98110, USA AS - J Reprod Med. 45(4):299-304, 2000 Apr JC - jwt, 0173343 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biometry
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - clinical literature
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - complexity
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education,Medical
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - interest
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Resident
KW  - Staff
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 299
EP  - 304
JF  - Journal of Reproductive Medicine.2001 Feb; 46(2): Suppl: 163-8, 187-97.(12 ref)
J1  - Journal of Reproductive Medicine
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a curriculum in epidemiology, biostatistics and experimental design that uses a journal club format for resident instruction and to assess participants' response to this format. STUDY DESIGN: A curriculum over 12 months included 24 concepts descriptive of topics considered critical in the assessment and evaluation of literature descriptive of clinical practice and patient care. There was one two-hour session per month for 12 months. Two sets of articles were distributed for each session. The first set consisted of literature on the topics of epidemiology, biostatistics and experimental design. These concepts increased in complexity throughout the academic year, starting from simple concepts, such as P values, and progressing to more-involved and complicated concepts, such as meta-analysis. The second set of articles consisted of literature on clinical topics. It was intended to illustrate and emphasize the concepts of experimental design and statistical analysis presented in the first set of articles. These clinical articles were both contemporary and historical and were from a variety of medical disciplines, including internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, infectious disease, anesthesiology, pediatrics and psychiatry. A questionnaire was distributed to the students at the conclusion of the curriculum. RESULTS: This format was well received by both residents and staff. Eighty-five percent of the residents expressed interest in continuing the format without a major change. Fifteen percent requested restricting the clinical literature to obstetrics and gynecology. CONCLUSION: This format proved an excellent method of training residents in evaluating clinical literature and providing familiarity with concepts in epidemiology, biostatistics and experimental design
SN  - 0024-7758
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 810
T1  - Reading a journal article
A1  - Lozano,J.M.
A1  - Ruiz,J.G.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10832223 IN - Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia AS - Indian J Pediatr. 67(1):55-62, 2000 Jan JC - gkt, 0417442 SB - IM CP - INDIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Error
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - India
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - School
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 62
JF  - Indian Journal of Pediatrics
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
N2  - Journal reading is an important continuing educational activity in terms of physician preference, frequency of use amount of time devoted to it and impact in changing practice. Clinicians trying to obtain information from journals face several tasks, including the need to assess both the quality and the applicability of the information found in published articles. This article describes the general principles for reading, critically, scientific papers that report clinical research results, which include establishing the kind of question that the authors were trying to answer, the type of study done, if the research design was appropriate for the question, and if it was conducted correctly. According to several available guidelines, once the reader has a clear idea of the study question it is necessary to assess the methods described by the authors in order to evaluate whether the research strategy used is likely to have errors resulting from bias and chance (random) variation. If the paper methodology seems to be adequate, the reader should proceed to determine the results of the article and their potential clinical impact. Finally, the reader must establish the extent to which the results are helpful in caring for his or her own patients, which means assessing the external validity and other related issues. The use of these strategies will improve the efficiency of readers for incorporating research results to their practice
SN  - 0019-5456
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 811
T1  - Points for reading as part of continuing medical education. e-Journal club allows doctors to gain points.[comment]
A1  - Mack,M.
Y1  - 2000/05/20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10858065 CM - Comment on: BMJ. 2000 Feb 12;320(7232):394-5; PMID: 10669426 AS - BMJ. 320(7246):1408, 2000 May 20 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Reading
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1408
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 320
IS  - 7246
SN  - 0959-8138
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 812
T1  - A comprehensive examination for senior surgical residents
A1  - MacRae,H.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - Leadbetter,W.
A1  - Reznick,R.K.
Y1  - 2000/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10827317 IN - Department of Surgery and Centre for Research in Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - Am J Surg. 179(3):190-3, 2000 Mar JC - 3z4, 0370473 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Competence
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency/cl [Classification]
KW  - Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Assessment
KW  - practice
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Surgery
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 190
EP  - 193
JF  - American Journal of Surgery
VL  - 179
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Two complimentary examinations designed to comprehensively assess competence for surgical practice have been developed. The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) evaluates a resident's operative skill, and the Patient Assessment and Management Examination (PAME) evaluates clinical management skills. METHODS: Twenty-four postgraduate year (PGY)-4 and PGY-5 general surgery residents from four training programs were examined. Each examination had eight stations, with a total of 6 hours of testing time. RESULTS: Interstation reliability for the OSATS was 0.64, for the PAME was 0.71, and for the total test was 0. 74. Examination scores discriminated between PGY-4 and PGY-5 residents for the OSATS (t = 4.39, P <.01), the PAME (t = 1.86, P <. 05), and the total examination (t = 3.90, P <.01). Year of training accounted for 40%, of the variance of scores. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive examination is a reliable and valid method of assessing critical skills in senior surgical residents and may be useful for the formal assessment of readiness for practice
SN  - 0002-9610
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 813
T1  - The impact of the use of inquiry-based learning as a teaching methodology on the development of critical thinking
A1  - Magnussen,L.
A1  - Ishida,D.
A1  - Itano,J.
Y1  - 2000/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11103974 IN - University of Hawaii School of Nursing, Honolulu 96822, USA AS - J Nurs Educ. 39(8):360-4, 2000 Nov JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - UNITED STATES PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Exploratory Behavior
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Logic
KW  - media
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Models,Educational
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Psychology,Educational
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 360
EP  - 364
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
N2  - Problem-based learning (PBL) uses patients' problems to develop students' problem-solving and clinical skills. Inquiry-based learning (IBL) was developed as a similar methodology that was more holistic and flexible. This study sought to determine if inquiry-based learning (IBL) enhances critical-thinking ability as measured by the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). The WGCTA was administered to 228 nursing students in the first semester and 257 students in the final semester of their program. When the scores were stratified into groups, the students in the low group showed a significant increase in mean score, no change in the medium group, and a significant drop for the high group
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 814
T1  - [Evaluation of an internet site on evidence-based medicine]. [German]
A1  - Mathys,J.
A1  - Steurer,J.
Y1  - 2000/10/19/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11105611 IN - Departement fur Innere Medizin, Universitatsspital Zurich. jmathys@dplanet.ch OT - Evaluation eines Internetangebotes uber Evidence-based Medicine AS - Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 89(42):1700-6, 2000 Oct 19 JC - 8403202, srm SB - IM CP - SWITZERLAND PT - English Abstract PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Book
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Time
KW  - Work
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1700
EP  - 1706
JF  - Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis
VL  - 89
IS  - 42
N2  - The present study evaluated a Swiss internet provider of Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) with regard to its utilization and function for medical practitioners. The internet provider under study (www.evimed.ch) primarily provides abstracts of original articles relevant to medical practice that are presented according to the criteria of EBM and includes information about EBM itself. In March 1999 a survey was conducted to better appraise the benefits gained from the information provided from the website visitors' point of view. Around 400 persons who had entered their names in the homepage guest book were informed about the survey by e-mail. A total of 167 questionnaires were filled in online, which is equivalent to the reply rate of close to 42%. The majority of the replies (63.5%) were from private-practice physicians, 22.2% from hospital-based physicians. The average age ranged between 40 and 49 years. 67.7% of the 167 respondents had internet access at their workplace, 72.5% had private internet access. For their own practical work, 61.1% of the respondents rated the information provided by www.evimed.ch as generally useful. The clinical relevance of the studies presented in the Journal Club was rated as good by 55.7% and as very good by 26.9%. The reliability of the information provided was rated as good by 56.3% and as very good by 35.3%. The majority regarded the following homepage sites as personally important: Journal Club (55.7%), articles about EBM (46.1%), MEDLINE access (37.7%) and article citations/links (41.3%). The homepage was visited at an average frequency of 1-3 times a month. 50.3% preferred electronic media (40.1% using various internet providers, 10.2% www.evimed.ch) and 44.3% preferred print media to search for specialist information on a specific medical subject. With regard to new medical findings, 44.9% of the respondents stated that they used print media, 17.4% the www.evimed.ch homepage and 28.7% other internet sources as their primary information medium. Based on this survey, the majority of the respondents gave a positive rating of the www.evimed.ch homepage. Information about EBM and critically appraised studies were evaluated as particularly useful
SN  - 1013-2058
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 815
T1  - Should there be more teaching of critical thinking in Australian general practice?
A1  - Mattes,E.
Y1  - 2000/08/07/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10979384 IN - Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth. emattes@cyllene.uwa.edu.au AS - Med J Aust. 173(3):153-7, 2000 Aug 7 JC - 0400714, m26 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - General Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Introspection
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - psychology
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Western Australia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 157
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 173
IS  - 3
N2  - For clinicians such as GPs, critical thinking includes critical appraisal of scientific evidence and the context of their clinical practice, and critical introspection. Largely due to a lack of rigorous research, there is no evidence that teaching critical thinking or appraisal, at undergraduate or postgraduate levels, improves GPs' clinical performance or their patients' health. Before conducting such research, a systematic review of the available literature (largely in education and psychology) is warranted to assess the efficacy of teaching critical thinking in non-medical environments. Critical thinking is being taught in Australian medical schools and will be introduced in the RACGP Training Program. However, it will be a while before this will have an impact in GPs' surgeries. The challenge will be to design an attractive CME program relevant to GPs while simultaneously evaluating its efficacy
SN  - 0025-729X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 816
T1  - Research based nursing practice--an evaluation of an educational programme
A1  - Mulhall,A.
A1  - May,A.L.
A1  - Alexander,C.
Y1  - 2000/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10959131 IN - West Cottage, Hook Hill Lane, Woking, Surrey, GU22 OPT, UK AS - Nurse Educ Today. 20(6):435-42, 2000 Aug JC - ned, 8511379 SB - N CP - Scotland PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Staff
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Fear
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Nursing Staff/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Staff/px [Psychology]
KW  - Organizational Innovation
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Research Support/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 435
EP  - 442
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 20
IS  - 6
N2  - Although research based practice is being increasingly extolled by both the government and the profession, no clear educational strategy exists as to how practitioners should be supported in achieving this goal. Furthermore, the effectiveness of educational interventions in fostering a positive attitude to research, or a change towards a greater prevalence of research based practice, remains unknown. However, research has indicated that practitioners are dissatisfied with their research skills and the opportunities to enhance them.This paper describes a series of nine workshops on research utilization which were undertaken in a range of Trusts throughout England. The primary purpose of the workshops was to help nurses, health visitors and midwives to:The workshops were evaluated by two methods--a written semi-structured questionnaire and a qualitative study focused on three sites which used pre-workshop telephone interviews and post-workshop focus groups.Overall the workshops were effective in reducing fear and lack of understanding of research, alleviating the problem of jargon, and increasing the skills of critical appraisal. Although the participants' attitude to research was not changed by attending the workshops--it was positive before the workshop and remained so-several personal and professional benefits were accrued. The implications of this evaluation for practice, education, and research are discussed
SN  - 0260-6917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 817
T1  - Assessing validity in written tests of general practice - exploration by factor analysis of candidate response patterns to paper 1 of the MRCGP examination.[see comment]
A1  - Munro,N.
A1  - Rughani,A.
A1  - Foulkes,J.
A1  - Wilson,A.
A1  - Neighbour,R.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10607277 IN - Consultant to the MRCGP examination, Members of the Panel of Examiners, Royal College of General Practitioners, 14 Princes Gate, Hyde Park, London, UK CM - Comment in: Med Educ. 2000 Jul;34(7):585-7; PMID: 10886644 AS - Med Educ. 34(1):35-41, 2000 Jan JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - College
KW  - Competence
KW  - content
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Factor Analysis
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - Responses
KW  - Technique
KW  - testing
KW  - Validity
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
EP  - 41
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the content validity of Paper 1 of the MRCGP examination. METHOD: Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on candidate responses to Paper 1 of the May and October MRCGP examination in 1998. Contribution of each test question across factors was assessed using a pattern matrix of the oblique rotation. Common dimensions and variations between factor sets were identified. Key testing areas were then matched against the 'domains of competence' intended to be assessed by Paper 1 (as defined within the examination blueprint matrix). RESULTS: Whilst critical appraisal, disease prevention/evidence-based medicine and clinical management emerged as areas tested consistently, content variation was observed between factor sets extracted from both sittings. In addition, some overlap, in terms of domains tested, was seen among other assessment instruments used within the examination. CONCLUSION: Paper 1 conforms to the majority of its stated intentions. However, further development of techniques for investigating validity will be required in order to minimize content variation between both sittings of the examination as well as to help more closely define areas of competence to be tested by Paper 1 of the MRCGP examination
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 818
T1  - Australian Infection Control Association members' use of skills and resources that promote evidence-based infection control
A1  - Murphy,C.L.
A1  - McLaws,M.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10760219 IN - New South Wales Health Department and the New South Wales Hospital Infection Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, University of New South Wales AS - Am J Infect Control. 28(2):116-22, 2000 Apr JC - 4t6, 8004854 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Infection Control Practitioners
KW  - *Infection Control/st [Standards]
KW  - *Information Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Societies,Scientific
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - Computers
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Infection
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infection
KW  - Infection Control
KW  - Infection Control Practitioners/ed [Education]
KW  - Infection Control Practitioners/px [Psychology]
KW  - Infection Control Practitioners/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 116
EP  - 122
JF  - American Journal of Infection Control
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: To adopt an evidence-based approach, professionals must be able to access, identify, interpret, and critically appraise best evidence. Critical appraisal requires essential skills, such as computer literacy and an understanding of research principles. These skills also are required for professionals to contribute to evidence. METHODS: In 1996, members of the Australian Infection Control Association were surveyed to establish a profile including the extent to which they were reading infection control publications, using specific documents for policy and guideline development, developing and undertaking research, publishing research, and using computers. The relationships between demographics, computer use, and research activity were examined. RESULTS: The response rate was 63. 4% (630/993). The study group comprised mostly women (96.1%), and most (66.4%) were older than 40 years of age. Median infection control experience was 4 years (mean, 5.4 years; range, <12 months to 35 years). When developing guidelines and policies (92.7%; 584/630), infection control professionals reviewed State Health Department Infection Control Guidelines and Regulations. Research relating to infection control was undertaken by 21.5% (135/628) of the sample, and 27.6% (37/134) of this group published their research findings. Of the respondents (51.1%; 318/622) who used a computer to undertake infection control tasks, the majority (89.0%) used a personal computer for word processing. CONCLUSION: Regardless of infection control experience, Australian infection control professionals must be adequately prepared to contribute to, access, appraise, and where appropriate, apply best evidence to their practice. We suggest that computer literacy, an understanding of research principles, and familiarity with infection control literature are three essential skills that infection control professionals must possess and regularly exercise
SN  - 0196-6553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 819
T1  - Critical appraisal turkey shoot: linking critical appraisal to clinical decision making
A1  - Neville,A.J.
A1  - Reiter,H.I.
A1  - Eva,K.W.
A1  - Norman,G.R.
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11031184 IN - Department of Psychology, McMaster University Faculty of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada AS - Acad Med. 75(10 Suppl):S87-9, 2000 Oct JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - psychology
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Single-Blind Method
KW  - Turkey
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 9
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 75
IS  - 10:Suppl
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 820
T1  - Effectiveness of dentist-prescribed, home-applied tooth whitening. A meta analysis
A1  - Niederman,R.
A1  - Tantraphol,M.C.
A1  - Slinin,P.
A1  - Hayes,C.
A1  - Conway,S.
Y1  - 2000/11/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12167948 IN - Office of Evidence-Based Dentistry, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rniederm@warren.med.harvard.edu AS - J Contemp Dent Pract. 1(4):20-36, 2000 Nov 15 JC - 101090552 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis LG - English
KW  - *Dental Devices,Home Care
KW  - *Dentifrices/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Peroxides/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Tooth Bleaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Tooth Discoloration/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Urea/aa [Analogs & Derivatives]
KW  - *Urea/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - 0 (Dentifrices)
KW  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
KW  - 0 (Peroxides)
KW  - 124-43-6 (carbamide peroxide)
KW  - 57-13-6 (urea)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Case Report
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Color/st [Standards]
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - data
KW  - Drug Combinations
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Retreatment
KW  - School
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 36
JF  - Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice [Electronic Resource]
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Common clinical experience suggests that tooth whitening agents are 100% effective. This study uses meta-analysis of data from published randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of tooth whitening agents. METHODS: A MEDLINE search strategy was developed and implemented to systematically identify clinical trials on dentist-prescribed, home-applied tooth whitening agents, using 10% carbamide peroxide, published between 1989-1999. Inclusion criteria (e.g., in English, human clinical trials) and exclusion criteria (e.g., not placebo controlled) were established and clinical trials that met these criteria were critically appraised for validity and clinical applicability. Meta-analysis was then used to quantitatively integrate the findings. RESULTS: Seven studies were identified that met the inclusion and validity criteria. These studies indicated that: Whitening results in a significant mean change of 6 4 shade guide units (p < 0.01), while the placebo control group exhibited little change (0.7 0.6, p > 0.05). 93% of the bleached patients exhibited 2 shade guide unit change, while 20% of the placebo control group exhibited this change. The brand of bleaching agent had a significant effect on tooth whitening, but the daily application time and duration of treatment did not. Whitening is maintained for 6 months for 1/2 of the people treated. Neither gingival indices nor plaque indices were adversely or favorably affected by bleaching. CLINICAL APPLICABILITY: The data from the reviewed studies indicate that rather than being 100% effective, on average: 73% (93% for bleached group minus 20% placebo group) of people who whiten their teeth will exhibit a whitening that is 2 shade guide units greater than the placebo. 20% of the people who use dentist-prescribed, home-applied bleaching will achieve a mean whitening effect of 5 shade guide units. Re-treatment for 50% of people may be necessary to maintain this effect longer than 6 months. The methods used here are Internet applicable for other clinical topics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 821
T1  - [Guidelines and evidence-based medicine in Germany]. [German]
A1  - Ollenschlager,G.
A1  - Thomeczek,C.
A1  - Kirchner,H.
A1  - Oesingmann,U.
A1  - Kolkmann,F.W.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10851705 IN - Arztliche Zentralstelle Qualitatssicherung (Gemeinsame Einrichtung von Bundesarztekammer und Kassenarztlicher Bundesvereinigung), Koln. azq@dgn.de OT - Leitlinien und Evidenz-basierte Medizin in Deutschland AS - Z Gerontol Geriatr. 33(2):82-9, 2000 Apr JC - cc3, 9506215 SB - IM CP - GERMANY PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Geriatrics
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Insurance
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Insurance
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Programs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 82
EP  - 89
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) are increasingly common in the German health care system. The German physicians' self-governmental body's position regarding CPGs as a tool of Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was described in a joint policy paper concerning quality in health care in late 1998. The German Medical Association (GMA) and the National Association for Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (NASHIP) stated that "the principles of EBM should be implemented into the German Health Care System" by the following means: to assess systematically and appraise critically the evidence in health care to develop evidence-based consensus CPGs for priority problems in health care to implement CPGs using graduate, post-graduate, and continuing medical education, as well as audits and CPG-based information management to evaluate quality in health care against the background of CPGs. The following paper will discuss the aims and scopes and the limits of this concept
SN  - 0948-6704
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 822
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine and arterial hypertension: reasonable or unreasonable marriage?]. [Review] [14 refs] [French]
A1  - Pechere-Bertschi,A.
Y1  - 2000/04/06/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10804846 IN - Policlinique de Medecine, Hopital Universitaire, Geneve. pechere.antoinette@hcuge.ch OT - Medecine fondee sur des preuves et hypertension arterielle: mariage de raison ou deraison? AS - Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 89(15):624-9, 2000 Apr 6 JC - 8403202, srm SB - IM CP - SWITZERLAND PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - French
KW  - *Antihypertensive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents)
KW  - Antihypertensive Agents/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - critical reading
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Hypertension/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intuition
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 624
EP  - 629
JF  - Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis
VL  - 89
IS  - 15
N2  - Rational medical decisions should be based on the best possible evidence. Yet clinical trial results may not reflect conditions in actual practice. In hypertension, for example, the evidence-based approach to medical care involves the explicit use of evidence on the magnitude of the effects of interventions to influence treatment decisions. Evidence-based medicine is a paradigm challenging our medical practice, as foundation it uses proofs originating from scientific research and controlled randomized trials, more than intuition, clinical experience and pathophysiologic rationale. In this article, we analyze two clinical problems in hypertension generating current questions. We try to use this method in order to obtain pertinent answers for a given patient. We observe that the application of EBM has some limitations. Very restrictive inclusion criteria in some studies make the sample of patients studied not comparable with the individuals in front of us. On the other hand, for other sub-groups of patients, results obtained from EBM are very useful and give valuable information. For a good application of this paradigm critical reading of literature is essential, in order to balance its importance. [References: 14]
SN  - 1013-2058
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 823
T1  - Methodology of research and practice for the third millennium: evidence-based medicine. [Review] [107 refs]
A1  - Perez,C.A.
Y1  - 2000/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11367894 IN - Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA AS - Rays. 25(3):285-308, 2000 Jul-Sep JC - ray, 7707724 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Research Design
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Oncology
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Needs
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Participation
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Radiation Oncology
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 285
EP  - 308
JF  - Rays
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
N2  - In the past 10 years there have been significant scientific advances in biological sciences and health care. The growth in basic and translational research data to guide medical practice, which has an impact on health care costs has made it critical for clinicians to appraise and use published evidence for medical decisions. Evidence-based medicine should be strengthened and promoted to enhance the rationale and quality of medical care provided to our patients. Basic laboratory research and properly designed, relevant and timely prospective clinical trials should be strongly supported; patient participation must be increased to acquire more accurate information to develop innovative therapeutic strategies in oncology. New avenues in cancer detection and staging, as well as therapy, suggested by basic and translational laboratory research, must be vigorously pursued and adequately funded. Methodology for accurate cost accounting of medical care and cost-benefit studies needs further development. Technology assessment will substantially contribute to better utilization of scarce health care resources. [References: 107]
SN  - 0390-7740
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 824
T1  - Distance education. Part 7. Evaluation of the Graduate Diploma of Family Medicine. Does a distance education course for GPs influence their reported clinical and professional practice?
A1  - Piterman,L.
A1  - McCall,L.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10902222 IN - Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Monash University. leon.piterman@med.monash.edu.au AS - Aust Fam Physician. 29 Suppl 1:38-42, 2000 Apr JC - 9ec, 0326701 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Distance/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Family Practice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Gender
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet/ut [Utilization]
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning styles
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Management
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Probability
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 42
JF  - Australian Family Physician
VL  - 29
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Course evaluation is essential for continuous enhancement of teaching. This evaluation aimed to assess the impact of the Graduate Diploma of Family Medicine on the clinical practices, community activities, learning styles and personal lives of its graduates. METHODS: Cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey of all 1993 to 1997 graduates of the Graduate Diploma in Family Medicine (n = 233). RESULTS: A response rate of 70% was achieved. Male respondents felt that they treated a greater variety of conditions (p = 0.04), had undertaken more procedural work (p = 0.03), and had increased procedural confidence (p = 0.009) compared to female respondents, while the female respondents referred more (p = 0.03). Solo practitioners tended to look for evidence in clinical decision making (p = 0.006) and applied critical appraisal techniques when reading medical information provided by pharmaceutical representatives (p = 0.04). Group practitioners tended to participate in more research projects (other than drug trials) than solo practitioners (p = 0.03). There was a difference between full and part time general practitioners, even after controlling for gender, with the former more certain that general practice is where they wanted to be (p = 0.005), they also felt more competent in interpreting data, e.g. ECGs (p = 0.013). More male students indicated they preferred a reflective learning style than females (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The clinical electives of the Graduate Diploma in Family Medicine had the most significant impact on the clinical practices of full time GPs who were predominantly male graduates. Gender differences were apparent in styles of practice as males tended to conduct more procedural work, while female graduates preferred the gatekeeper role and referred more. The course also impacted on the students' approach to evidence in their clinical decision making. They were more critical of medical information provided by pharmaceutical representatives who are one of the major sources of CME for many GPs. Future evaluations should be based on experimental and quasi-experimental designs in order to measure changes in student perceptions and clinical practice, as well as more objective measures of learning styles
SN  - 0300-8495
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 825
T1  - Distance education. Part 3. Assessment of and feedback to students at a distance
A1  - Piterman,L.
A1  - Parer,M.
A1  - Schattner,P.
A1  - Laerum,E.
A1  - McCall,L.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10902218 IN - Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Monash University. leon.piterman@med.monash.edu.au AS - Aust Fam Physician. 29 Suppl 1:14-8, 2000 Apr JC - 9ec, 0326701 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Distance/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - Australia
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Distance/st [Standards]
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - English as a Second Language
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - thought
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 8
JF  - Australian Family Physician
VL  - 29
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Assessment of students at distance, in a course with over 20 units (subjects), provides special challenges in providing timely, accurate and detailed feedback both formatively and summatively. METHOD: A description of assessment practices including reflective journals, essays, critical appraisal of literature, case studies or teaching presentations in video and written format, clinical audits, and large research projects is provided. The impact of a multitude of criterion-referenced methods of students, teachers and administrative services as well as quality assurance issues are measured. CONCLUSION: Students preferred multiple levels of formative and summative assessment using criterion referencing to exams. These methods were thought to be contextually relevant to clinical practice and examined knowledge, cognition and performance appropriately. Length of assessment task, difficulty with English as a second language and lack of detail or clarity on written feedback posed problems for a number of students. Quality assurance procedures have been put into place to rectify some of these problems
SN  - 0300-8495
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 826
T1  - In the nursing interest: reading and thinking critically in the new millennium
A1  - Procter,N.
A1  - Burford,S.
A1  - Dixon,A.
Y1  - 2000/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11855027 AS - Contemp Nurse. 9(3-4):201-4, 2000 Sep-Dec JC - bh9, 9211867 SB - N CP - Australia PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Educational Status
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Nursing/td [Trends]
KW  - *Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Australia
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - Reading
KW  - Thinking
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 204
JF  - Contemporary Nurse.2000 Sep-Dec; 9(3/4): 201-4.
J1  - Contemporary Nurse
VL  - 9
IS  - 3-4
SN  - 1037-6178
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 827
T1  - Evaluating clinical skills of radiation oncology residents: parts I and II. [Review] [31 refs]
A1  - Reddy,S.
A1  - Vijayakumar,S.
Y1  - 2000/02/20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10725852 IN - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA AS - Int J Cancer. 90(1):1-12, 2000 Feb 20 JC - gqu, 0042124 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Radiation Oncology/ed [Education]
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Illinois
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Simulation
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Radiation Oncology
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
JF  - International Journal of Cancer
VL  - 90
IS  - 1
N2  - The purposes of this article are to: (1) underscore both the importance and the difficulty of assessing clinical skills at the graduate level, (2) review both old and new assessment methods of clinical skills in an attempt to familiarize educators with current views on evaluation modalities, and (3) assess the state of clinical-skills assessment specifically in radiation oncology. A series of articles published in The Lancet in 1995, entitled "Examining the Examiner," was used as a starting point. We then conducted an extensive literature search (using MEDLINE) to find publications that examined different examination methods, old and new, that apply to the education of radiation oncology residents. Concepts critical to understanding any discussion of clinical skills evaluation methods are also reviewed. Results: Part I of the article provides an introduction critical to understanding the objectives of clinical-skills evaluation. Also, three older, well-established methods of clinical skills evaluation (ward evaluation, oral examination, and multiple-choice questions) are assessed. In Part II, the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), the standardized patient (SP), and the patient management problem (PMP), all born of recent innovations in the field, are discussed. Part II concludes with a review of how the issues presented in both parts are relevant to the assessment of the radiation oncology resident. All evaluation methods that can be applied to the education of radiation oncology residents have perceived advantages and shortcomings. With the proper administration of many of these (save, perhaps, the PMP), any perceived difficulties in evaluating the clinical skills of radiation oncology residents may be addressed and diminished. Suggestions offered that are worthy of further discussion, debate, and study include establishment of a standardized "ward" examination, a formative oral examination to accompany the ACR In-Training examination, and the possible revision of the American Board of Radiology oral examination. An in-depth appraisal on the feasibility of using newer evaluation methods (OSCE, SP, etc.) is also needed. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 1-12 (2000). Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [References: 31]
SN  - 0020-7136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 828
T1  - Drug dependence in a journal club.[comment]
A1  - Richardson,W.S.
A1  - Wilson,M.C.
Y1  - 2000/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10833975 CM - Comment on: ACP J Club. 2000 May-Jun;132(3):A13-4, Comment on: ACP J Club. 2000 May-Jun;132(3):A14-5 AS - ACP J Club. 132(3):A21-2, 2000 May-Jun JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - Drug Therapy
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A21
EP  - A22
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 829
T1  - Clinical epidemiological principles in bedside teaching
A1  - Ruiz,J.G.
A1  - Lozano,J.M.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10832221 IN - Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia. jruiz@hermes.javeriana.edu.co AS - Indian J Pediatr. 67(1):43-7, 2000 Jan JC - gkt, 0417442 SB - IM CP - INDIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Bronchiolitis
KW  - Child
KW  - Clinical Observation
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Error
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - India
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Observation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - principles
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Error
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 47
JF  - Indian Journal of Pediatrics
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
N2  - Medical education emphasises the transmission of large amounts of short-lived medical information. Strategies must be developed to generate in the students, attitudes towards the independent search for and critical appraisal of evidences. Two complementary strategies are particularly well suited to promote these types of attitudes: clinical epidemiology and evidence-based clinical practice. Clinical epidemiology (CE) has been defined as "the science of making predictions about individual patients by counting clinical events in similar patients, using strong methods for studies of groups of patients to ensure that the predictions are accurate. The purpose of CE is to develop and apply methods of clinical observation that will lead to valid conclusions by avoiding being misled by systematic error and chance". On the other hand, evidence based practice has been defined as "an approach to the practice of medicine in which the clinician is aware not only of the evidences which support clinical practice, but the strength and soundness of such evidences". The paper discusses the usefulness of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based health practice for rational decision making at the bedside, and also as tools for clinical teaching. An example involving evidence-based strategies for the management of a patient with bronchiolitis in the emergency room is discussed
SN  - 0019-5456
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 830
T1  - Journal reading habits of internists
A1  - Saint,S.
A1  - Christakis,D.A.
A1  - Saha,S.
A1  - Elmore,J.G.
A1  - Welsh,D.E.
A1  - Baker,P.
A1  - Koepsell,T.D.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11119185 IN - Division of General Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA. saint@umich.edu AS - J Gen Intern Med. 15(12):881-4, 2000 Dec JC - jgi, 8605834 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internal Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Journalism,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliometrics
KW  - critical reading
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - Female
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Physician
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sampling Studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 881
EP  - 884
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 12
N2  - We assessed the reading habits of internists with and without epidemiological training because such information may help guide medical journals as they make changes in how articles are edited and formatted. In a 1998 national self-administered mailed survey of 143 internists with fellowship training in epidemiology and study design and a random sample of 121 internists from the American Medical Association physician master file, we asked about the number of hours spent reading medical journals per week and the percentage of articles for which only the abstract is read. Respondents also were asked which of nine medical journals they subscribe to and read regularly. Of the 399 eligible participants, 264 returned surveys (response rate 66%). Respondents reported spending 4.4 hours per week reading medical journal articles and reported reading only the abstract for 63% of the articles; these findings were similar for internists with and without epidemiology training. Respondents admitted to a reliance on journal editors to provide rigorous and useful information, given the limited time available for critical reading. We conclude that internists, regardless of training in epidemiology, rely heavily on abstracts and prescreening of articles by editors
SN  - 0884-8734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 831
T1  - [Evidence-based nursing: a method for nursing practice?]. [German]
A1  - Schlomer,G.
Y1  - 2000/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10797768 IN - Universitat Hamburg, IG TW-Fachrichtung Gesundheit. Gabi_Schloemer@uni-hamburg.de OT - Evidence-based nursing. Eine Methode fur die Pflege? AS - Pflege. 13(1):47-52, 2000 Feb JC - a44, 8907069 SB - N CP - SWITZERLAND PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Accidental Falls/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - elderly
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Research
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 47
EP  - 52
JF  - Pflege.2006 Oct; 19(5): 281-6.(49 ref)
J1  - Pflege
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based nursing is the concept of critically appraising the best evidence from research. It integrates research evidence with clinical expertise into decision making in nursing care for patients. The method is derived from the new paradigm in medicine--evidence-based medicine, developed as a learning method by epidemiologists at the McMaster University in Canada. This article states the necessity of this method for nursing. With the help of a clinical scenario (fall prevention in the elderly) the author explains how to use evidence-based nursing in practice
SN  - 1012-5302
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 832
T1  - Drug dependence in a journal club.[comment]
A1  - Schneiderman,H.
Y1  - 2000/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10833977 CM - Comment on: ACP J Club. 2000 May-Jun;132(3):A13-4, Comment on: ACP J Club. 2000 May-Jun;132(3):A14-5 AS - ACP J Club. 132(3):A22-3, 2000 May-Jun JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A22
EP  - A23
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 833
T1  - Effect of an evidence-based medicine seminar on participants' interpretations of clinical trials: a pilot study
A1  - Schoenfeld,P.
A1  - Cruess,D.
A1  - Peterson,W.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11112724 IN - Division of Gastroenterology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. pssmd@aol.com AS - Acad Med. 75(12):1212-4, 2000 Dec JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Trials
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - Educational Measurement/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Gastroenterology/ed [Education]
KW  - Gastroenterology/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1212
EP  - 1214
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 75
IS  - 12
N2  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of evidence-based medicine (EBM) education on physicians' short-term and long-term understanding of research methods and statistics. METHOD: Twenty-four gastroenterology (GI) fellows attended a three-day seminar about evidence-based medicine and the critical appraisal of medical literature. Attendees completed the same 14-item test on this material at the start of the seminar, at the conclusion of the seminar, and six months after the seminar. A student's t-test and chi-square analysis were performed to determine the differences between test scores by testing date and performance on test items. RESULTS: Seminar attendees improved their test scores between pre-seminar and post-seminar tests (mean test score: 57% +/- 16% versus 82 +/- 14%, respectively; p <.001) and between pre-seminar and six-month post-seminar tests (mean test score: 57% +/- 16% versus 78% +/- 13%, respectively; p <.001). Seminar attendees showed significant improvement in frequency of correct answers with individual questions on concealment of allocation, relative risk reduction, and meta-analysis trial methods. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, the critical appraisal skills necessary to practice EBM were taught to GI fellows in a seminar format that led to significant improvement in their understanding of research methods and statistics. Data from this pilot study justify a definitive trial examining the educational value of EBM seminars for physicians
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 834
T1  - The use of evidence-based medicine in the practice of consultant physicians. Results of a questionnaire survey.[see comment]
A1  - Scott,I.
A1  - Heyworth,R.
A1  - Fairweather,P.
Y1  - 2000/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10914748 IN - Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld. scotti@health.qld.gov.au CM - Comment in: Aust N Z J Med. 2000 Jun;30(3):309-10; PMID: 10914746 AS - Aust N Z J Med. 30(3):319-26, 2000 Jun JC - 9h9, 1264322 SB - IM CP - AUSTRALIA PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Average
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Conservatism
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Factor
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Referral and Consultation
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 319
EP  - 326
JF  - Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Information is lacking about the extent to which Australasian physicians apply methods of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in routine practice. AIMS: To assess the frequency and predictors of use of EBM methods in a sample of consultant physicians in adult medicine. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 545 physicians from October 1998 to January 1999. RESULTS: One hundred and eleven questionnaires were returned (20% response rate). Ninety-eight (88%) respondents formulated five or less clinical questions per week; 69 (62%) undertook five or more evidence searches per week, the majority as MEDLINE searches involving therapeutic topics. Respondents identified insufficient time (74%), limited search skills (41%), and limited access to evidence (43%) as search impediments. In determining evidence quality, 37% frequently relied on global impressions, while 22% frequently applied explicit critical appraisal (p=0.008). Efficiency of literature searches was rated on average as good/very good by 18%, fair by 52% and poor by 30%. As a result of EBM, 47% frequently had confidence in pre-existing decisions increased, 39% gained improved knowledge, and 5% altered clinical decisions. Frequently encountered inhibitors to changing practice were personal conservatism (40%), organisational constraints (40%), and interdisciplinary tensions (39%). Perceived weaknesses of EBM included: limited applicability to individual patients (26%); evidence deficiencies (25%); and too time consuming (13%). In making EBM more attractive, one third requested reliable evidence sources at the point of care. CONCLUSIONS: The application of EBM to routine practice by physicians is constrained by deficient EBM skills, limited access to evidence, lack of time, and cognitive and environmental factors. Targeted education in EBM and systems that quickly deliver high-quality evidence at the point of care are needed in realising the full potential of EBM to improve care
SN  - 0004-8291
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 835
T1  - Teaching residents evidence-based medicine skills: a controlled trial of effectiveness and assessment of durability
A1  - Smith,C.A.
A1  - Ganschow,P.S.
A1  - Reilly,B.M.
A1  - Evans,A.T.
A1  - McNutt,R.A.
A1  - Osei,A.
A1  - Saquib,M.
A1  - Surabhi,S.
A1  - Yadav,S.
Y1  - 2000/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11089714 IN - Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital and Rush Medical College, Chicago, Ill. 60612, USA. csmith8@rush.edu AS - J Gen Intern Med. 15(10):710-5, 2000 Oct JC - jgi, 8605834 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - formulation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Performance
KW  - Public Hospital
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 710
EP  - 715
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To measure the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to teach residents four essential evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills: question formulation, literature searching, understanding quantitative outcomes, and critical appraisal. DESIGN: Firm-based, controlled trial. SETTING: Urban public hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five first-year internal medicine residents: 18 in the experimental group and 37 in the control group. INTERVENTION: An EBM course, taught 2 hours per week for 7 consecutive weeks by senior faculty and chief residents focusing on the four essential EBM skills. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcome measure was performance on an EBM skills test that was administered four times over 11 months: at baseline and at three time points postcourse. Postcourse test 1 assessed the effectiveness of the intervention in the experimental group (primary outcome]; postcourse test 2 assessed the control group after it crossed over to receive the intervention; and postcourse test 3 assessed durability. Baseline EBM skills were similar in the two groups. After receiving the EBM course, the experimental group achieved significantly higher postcourse test scores (adjusted mean difference, 21%; 95% confidence interval, 13% to 28%; P < .001). Postcourse improvements were noted in three of the four EBM skill domains (formulating questions, searching, and quantitative understanding [P < .005 for all], but not in critical appraisal skills [P = .4]). After crossing over to receive the educational intervention, the control group achieved similar improvements. Both groups sustained these improvements over 6 to 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A brief structured educational intervention produced substantial and durable improvements in residents' cognitive and technical EBM skills
SN  - 0884-8734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 836
T1  - Evidence-based medicine. [Review] [32 refs]
A1  - Smyth,R.L.
Y1  - 2000/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12531092 IN - Brough Professor of Paediatric Medicine, University Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK AS - Paediatr Respir Rev. 1(3):287-93, 2000 Sep JC - 100898941 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - *Pulmonary Disease (Specialty)
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - children
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Error
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 293
JF  - Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based medicine aims to identify, critically appraise and apply the best available evidence in making decisions about the care of patients. These aims are similar to those which conscientious clinicians have always tried to achieve. An evidence-based approach applies a systematic and rigorous methodology to this process to ensure that the evidence which is applied is relevant and of high quality. The use of this methodology limits bias (systematic errors) and reduces random errors (simple mistakes), thus providing reliable results on which to draw conclusions and make decisions. Meta-analysis, when used appropriately, can provide more precise estimates of the effects of healthcare than those derived from the individual studies included in a review. Systematic reviews also provide summaries of the results of evidence-based healthcare. These are available to all interested individuals, including clinicians, healthcare administrators and patients. [References: 32]
SN  - 1526-0542
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 837
T1  - Pediatric emergency medicine education in emergency medicine training programs. SAEM Pediatric Education Training Task Force. Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.[see comment]
A1  - Tamariz,V.P.
A1  - Fuchs,S.
A1  - Baren,J.M.
A1  - Pollack,E.S.
A1  - Kim,J.
A1  - Seidel,J.S.
Y1  - 2000/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10917327 IN - SAEM Pediatric Education Training Task Force and the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA CM - Comment in: Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Jul;7(7):797-9; PMID: 10917331 AS - Acad Emerg Med. 7(7):774-8, 2000 Jul JC - ce1, 9418450 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - California
KW  - Child
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Resident
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 774
EP  - 778
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
N2  - BACKGROUND: The educational goal of emergency medicine (EM) programs has been to prepare its graduates to provide care for a diverse range of patients and presentations, including pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the methods used to teach pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) to EM residents. METHODS: A written questionnaire was distributed to 118 EM programs. Demographic data were requested concerning the type of residency program, number of residents, required pediatric rotations, elective pediatric rotations, type of hospital and settings in which pediatric patients are seen, and procedures performed. Information was also requested on the educational methods used, proctoring EM received, and any formal curriculum used. RESULTS: Ninety-four percent (111/118) of the programs responded, with 80% of surveys completed by the residency director. Proctoring was primarily performed by PEM attendings and general EM attendings. Formal means of PEM education most often included the EM core curriculum (94%), journal club (95%), EM grand rounds (94%), and EM morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference (91%). Rotations and electives most often included the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the emergency department (ED) (general and pediatric). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medicine residents are exposed to PEM primarily by rotating through a general ED, the PED, and the PICU, being proctored by PEM and EM attendings and attending EM lectures and EM M&M conferences. Areas that may merit further attention for pediatric emergency training include experience in areas of neonatal resuscitation, pediatric M&M, and specific pediatric electives. This survey highlights the need to describe current educational strategies as a first step to assess perceived effectiveness
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 838
T1  - A systematic review of the effectiveness of critical appraisal skills training for clinicians. [Review] [25 refs]
A1  - Taylor,R.
A1  - Reeves,B.
A1  - Ewings,P.
A1  - Binns,S.
A1  - Keast,J.
A1  - Mears,R.
Y1  - 2000/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10652064 IN - HSRU, Department of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK AS - Med Educ. 34(2):120-5, 2000 Feb JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - ENGLAND PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 120
EP  - 125
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
N2  - The aim of this paper is to undertake a descriptive systematic review of the effectiveness of critical appraisal skills training for clinicians. Of the 10 controlled studies which examined this issue and were found to meet the eligibility criteria of this review, all used a study population of either medical students or doctors in training. The studies used a variety of different intervention 'dosages' and reported a range of outcomes. These included participants' knowledge of epidemiology/biostatistics, their attitudes towards medical literature, their ability to appraise medical literature, and medical literature reading behaviour. An overall improvement in assessed outcomes of 68% was reported after critical appraisal skills training, particularly in knowledge relating to epidemiology and biostatistics. This review appears to provide some evidence of the benefit of teaching critical appraisal skills to clinicians, in terms of both knowledge of methodological/statistical issues in clinical research and attitudes to medical literature. However, these findings should be considered with caution as the methodological quality of studies was generally poor, with only one study employing a randomized controlled design. There is a need for educators within the field of evidence-based health to consider the implications of this review. [References: 25]
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 839
T1  - Implementing evidence-based health care: the nurse teachers' role in supporting the dissemination and implementation of SIGN clinical guidelines
A1  - Thomson,P.
Y1  - 2000/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10820575 IN - Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK AS - Nurse Educ Today. 20(3):207-17, 2000 Apr JC - ned, 8511379 SB - N CP - Scotland PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nursing Audit
KW  - *Nursing Faculty Practice
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Role
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 207
EP  - 217
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
N2  - The effectiveness of clinical care and treatment is central to the quality of health care. Clinical guidelines, audit and research are interrelated activities central to the delivery of high quality services and care. A culture is required that supports the implementation of clinical guidelines and encourages clinicians to critically appraise and evaluate their practice and to become more involved in clinical audit and research. An essential element in the effective implementation of clinical guidelines is educational support. This paper will describe the results of a study which explored the nature of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and the nurse teachers' role in supporting the dissemination and implementation of clinical guidelines within acute care nursing and subsequent curriculum design
SN  - 0260-6917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 840
T1  - Evidence-based psychopharmacology 3. Assessing evidence of harm: what are the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate?
A1  - Warner,J.P.
Y1  - 2000/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 10757258 IN - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, St Charles Hospital, London, UK. j.warner@ic.ac.uk AS - J Psychopharmacol. 14(1):77-80, 2000 Mar JC - cph, 8907828 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis LG - English
KW  - *Abnormalities,Drug-Induced/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Antimanic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - *Bipolar Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Lithium Carbonate/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - 0 (Antimanic Agents)
KW  - 554-13-2 (lithium carbonate)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antimanic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bipolar Disorder/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Case Report
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - journal
KW  - Lithium Carbonate/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Science
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 80
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - Critical appraisal techniques are not only useful in evaluating evidence of therapeutic trials. In this final article of the series of evidence-based psychopharmacology, the evidence about the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate is considered. This exercise highlights the importance of assessing the evidence oneself and not relying on the interpretation others put on it
SN  - 0269-8811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 841
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and contraception. [Review] [16 refs]
A1  - Williams,J.K.
Y1  - 2000//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11091983 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, USA AS - Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 27(4):683-93, v, 2000 Dec JC - ogc, 8709551 SB - IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Contraception
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Causality
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Contraception
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiologic Research Design
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Florida
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 683
EP  - 693
JF  - Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics of North America
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
N2  - The concept of evidence-based medicine involves formalizing the scientific approach to the practice of medicine to identify the evidence supporting clinical decisions. To understand the concept, clinicians must have knowledge of critical appraisal and the basic epidemiologic principles of study design, relative risk, odds ratios, point estimates, confidence intervals, bias, and confounding. Using this information, clinicians can categorize evidence, assess causality, and make evidence-based recommendations. Evidence-based medicine allows clinicians to analyze complicated material so that the best possible clinical decisions can be made for the population served. [References: 16]
SN  - 0889-8545
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 842
T1  - Taking critical appraisal to extremes. The need for balance in the evaluation of evidence.[see comment][comment]
A1  - Woolf,S.H.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11132056 CM - Comment in: J Fam Pract. 2000 Dec;49(12):1089-90; PMID: 11132057, Comment in: J Fam Pract. 2001 May;50(5):471, 474; PMID: 11350717, Comment on: J Fam Pract. 2000 Apr;49(4):302, 371; PMID: 10778833 AS - J Fam Pract. 49(12):1081-5, 2000 Dec JC - i4l, 7502590 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Family Practice/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Mammography/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Mass Screening/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - Probability
KW  - Publishing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research Design/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1081
EP  - 1085
JF  - Journal of Family Practice.Vol.55(11)()(pp 942), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Family Practice
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
SN  - 0094-3509
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 843
T1  - [Practice and application of evidence-based medicine]. [Review] [8 refs] [Japanese]
A1  - Yamashiro,S.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11215425 IN - Department of General Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-8501 AS - Rinsho Byori. 48(12):1149-55, 2000 Dec JC - 2984781r, kiv SB - IM CP - Japan PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Japanese
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1155
JF  - Rinsho Byori - Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is an approach to clinical practice that aims to solve the patient's problems. EBM includes five steps: identifying patient's problems, searching medical literature efficiently, critically appraising the literature(evidence), applying it to patient care, and self-assessment of these steps. Since September 1999, we have practiced the EBM approach to patient care, in inpatient and outpatient settings at the department of General Medicine of Saga Medical School. We found ourselves more clearly differentiating between the EBM approach and past conventional practice. We found EBM to be more clinically useful and we have enjoyed reading medical literature because of the focus on patient's problems. To improve our use of the EBM approach, we need to study more about clinical epidemiology to evaluate and use medical literature in patient care. [References: 8]
SN  - 0047-1860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 844
T1  - Critical appraisal workshops to promote evidence-based healthcare 633
A1  - Awonuga,A.O.
A1  - Dwarakanath,L.S.
A1  - Johanson,R.
A1  - Hyde,C.
A1  - Taylor,R.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2000/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15512452 IN - Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Birmingham, UK AS - J Obstet Gynaecol. 20(1):10-4, 2000 Jan JC - 8309140 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - healthcare
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Performance
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 14
JF  - Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - We evaluated the effect of literature appraisal workshops on participants views, attitudes and knowledge about evidence-based medicine in the West Midlands region in 1998. The performance of 55 practitioners was evaluated, before and after attending the workshop. After attending the workshop, participants paid more attention to the study design (81% vs. 98%, P=0.02), they did not find research evidence confusing (35% vs. 52%, P=0.05), and they felt more confident in assessing research evidence (26% vs. 59%, P=0.0001). Their mean knowledge scores improved from 47.3 (SD12.2) to 57.9 (SD 9.0) ( P=0.0001). Our critical appraisal skills workshops improved attitudes and knowledge needed for the provision of evidence-supported healthcare. Such workshops should be incorporated in postgraduate obstetrics and gynaecology training programmes
SN  - 0144-3615
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 845
T1  - [Basic assessment of needs for training in evidence-based medicine in Slovakia]. [Slovak]
A1  - Bacharova,L.
A1  - Hlavacka,S.
A1  - Rusnakova,V.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11723681 IN - International Laser Centrum, Bratislava, Slovakia. bacharova@ilc.sk OT - Zakladny odhad potrieb vzdelavania v oblasti mediciny zalozenej na dokazoch na Slovensku AS - Bratisl Lek Listy. 102(4):218-25, 2001 JC - b5n, 0065324 SB - IM CP - Slovakia PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Slovak
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health/ed [Education]
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - reform
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Slovakia
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Worker
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 218
EP  - 225
JF  - Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
VL  - 102
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: The health care reform in Slovakia produces a desire for greater responsibility for and control of strategic decisions and to be better able to evaluate international knowledge and experience in the specific national social and professional contexts. Evidence based medicine (EBM) provides an increasingly organised and accessible database of international knowledge in health and health care, capable of informing decisions at the macro and micro levels. AIM: The aim of this pilot study was to assess education, training and other capacity building needs in EBM and evidence based health care. METHODS: This study was primarily qualitative and based on a triangular approach, which included: (1) The analysis of the situation in pre- and postgraduate education in Slovakia aiming to the estimation of needs in EBM and critical appraisal skills training; (2) The analysis of questionnaires distributed in a sample of 50 medical doctors and university educated public health workers undergoing a postgraduate training; (3) The discussion in focused groups. RESULTS: The findings and analysis uncovered a gap in knowledge and experience of EBM approaches, particularly of searching for evidence, utilising information technology, of undertaking critical appraisals of the validity and quality of external evidence and of knowledge of English. On the other hand the findings revealed a high access to information including the Internet access at the workplace, an increasing awareness of the need for up-date information, a demand for training and potential opportunities for action. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The effective implementation introduction of EBM approach would require changes in broader political, cultural and behavioural contexts, including changes in pre- and postgraduate systems of professional and managerial education, changes in professional and managerial attitudes and changes in emphasis in skills and capacity building and improvements in knowledge management systems at the national level
SN  - 0006-9248
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 846
T1  - Cleft lip and palate care in the United Kingdom--the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Study. Part 4: outcome comparisons, training, and conclusions.[see comment]
A1  - Bearn,D.
A1  - Mildinhall,S.
A1  - Murphy,T.
A1  - Murray,J.J.
A1  - Sell,D.
A1  - Shaw,W.C.
A1  - Williams,A.C.
A1  - Sandy,J.R.
Y1  - 2001/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11204680 IN - Unit of Orthodontics, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, England CM - Comment in: Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2002 Nov;39(6):656; PMID: 12401112 AS - Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 38(1):38-43, 2001 Jan JC - a0r, 9102566 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Cleft Lip/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Cleft Palate/th [Therapy]
KW  - Alveoloplasty
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Bone Transplantation
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Child
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - children
KW  - Cleft Lip/su [Surgery]
KW  - Cleft Palate/su [Surgery]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dental Arch/pa [Pathology]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Esthetics
KW  - Europe
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Malocclusion/cl [Classification]
KW  - Maxillofacial Development/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Oral Fistula/cl [Classification]
KW  - Oral Health
KW  - Organization
KW  - Orthodontics
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery,Oral/ed [Education]
KW  - Surgery,Plastic/ed [Education]
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
JF  - Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal.Vol.39(6)()(pp 641-645), 2002.
J1  - Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: A critical appraisal of cleft care in the United Kingdom. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. SETTING: All National Health Service cleft centers in the United Kingdom. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Children born with unilateral complete clefts of the lip and palate between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984 (12-year-olds), and April 1, 1989, and March 31, 1991 (5-year-olds). Newly appointed and senior cleft clinicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Skeletal pattern, dental arch relationship, success of alveolar bone grafting, dental health, facial appearance, oral health status, patient/parent satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This paper highlights the poor outcomes for the fragmented cleft care in the United Kingdom, compared with European centers. There is an urgent need for a review of structure, organization, and training
SN  - 1055-6656
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 847
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for dermatologic surgeons: concepts in critical appraisal of information
A1  - Berg,D.
A1  - Asgari,M.
Y1  - 2001/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11442584 IN - Division of Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. danberg@u.washington.edu AS - Dermatol Surg. 27(6):511-4, 2001 Jun JC - b2s, 9504371 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dermatology
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Insurance
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Placebo
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 511
EP  - 514
JF  - Dermatologic Surgery
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: The term evidence-based medicine (EBM) is increasingly being used. Physicians, journal editors, insurance companies, and patients are applying its tenets to clinical decision making. Although there are concerns about the overly zealous application of EBM to clinical situations, many of the basic concepts are important in improving decision making. OBJECTIVE: To define evidence-based medicine and to review potential problems in basing decision making entirely on less-than-ideal evidence. METHODS: We reviewed the EBM literature and looked for examples in dermatology of pitfalls in decision making based on poor evidence. RESULTS: Following a definition of EBM, we review problems inherent in anecdotes and uncontrolled trials, including the placebo effect. Examples of medical practice that have been altered by doing more rigorous studies are provided. CONCLUSIONS: Concepts of EBM as currently defined should be considered by dermatologic surgeons in assessing the available information for clinical decision making
SN  - 1076-0512
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 848
T1  - Psychometric properties of the California Critical Thinking Tests
A1  - Bondy,K.N.
A1  - Koenigseder,L.A.
A1  - Ishee,J.H.
A1  - Williams,B.G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11881271 IN - College of Health and Applied Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA AS - J Nurs Meas. 9(3):309-28, 2001 JC - b6l, 9318902 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Studies LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - dispositions
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Factor Analysis
KW  - Factor Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 309
EP  - 328
JF  - Journal of Nursing Measurement
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
N2  - The evaluation of critical thinking, as with any other measure, must employ instruments that meet appropriate psychometric standards. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the two California Critical Thinking Tests. Two samples of undergraduate students enrolled in a southern comprehensive university took the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (TST) and the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (TDI). A portion of the participants, who were nursing students, were retested on the TST and TDI two weeks after the initial testing. Some participants also completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). In both samples the TST had neither sufficient psychometric properties to assess individual abilities nor sufficient stability reliability. In particular, the analysis subscale of the TST demonstrated exceptional weakness in all administrations. In contrast, the TDI demonstrated very good reliability estimates in all administrations of the test. The data did not conform to the subscale structure during factor analysis. Whereas the TST needs further refinement, the TDI demonstrated sufficient reliability for use in attitudinal research
SN  - 1061-3749
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 849
T1  - Increasingly the health information professional's role in supporting evidence-based practice requires familiarity with critical appraisal skills, resources and techniques
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Brice,A.
Y1  - 2001/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11780751 IN - School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield AS - Health Info Libr J. 18(3):175-7, 2001 Sep JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Inservice Training
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 177
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 850
T1  - The influence of a baccalaureate program on traditional, RN-BSN, and accelerated students' critical thinking abilities
A1  - Brown,J.M.
A1  - Alverson,E.M.
A1  - Pepa,C.A.
Y1  - 2001/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12120110 IN - College of Nursing, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana, USA AS - Holist Nurs Pract. 15(3):4-8, 2001 Apr JC - hnp, 8702105 SB - N CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Associate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Professional,Retraining/st [Standards]
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Arts
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Indiana
KW  - journal
KW  - liberal
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Midwestern United States
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Education Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 8
JF  - Holistic Nursing Practice
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
N2  - Although there are multiple ways of achieving baccalaureate-level nursing education, all graduates must demonstrate critical thinking abilities to practice competently. The purpose of this study was to measure the changes in critical thinking abilities of students pursuing various pathways in the same baccalaureate nursing curriculum. Traditional, registered nurse-bachelor of science (RN-BSN), and accelerated students completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) at the beginning and end of their nursing course sequence. Findings revealed a significant difference between the pre- and post-WGCTA scores of traditional students (t = -2.84, P = .007) and RN-BSN students (t = -2.28, P = .029), but not of accelerated students. Similarities between the curricular pathways that could account for the results were analyzed. Further research is needed to determine the best combination of liberal arts and nursing courses for the development of critical thinking abilities
SN  - 0887-9311
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 851
T1  - Evidence based practice: are critical care nurses ready for it?
A1  - Bucknall,T.
A1  - Copnell,B.
A1  - Shannon,K.
A1  - McKinley,D.
Y1  - 2001/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11899640 IN - Victorian Centre for Nursing Practice Research, School of Postfraduate Nursing Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Vic AS - Aust Crit Care. 14(3):92-8, 2001 Aug JC - bh0, 9207852 SB - N CP - Australia PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Intensive Care Units/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care Nursing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/st [Standards]
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
EP  - 98
JF  - Australian Critical Care
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - In the emergence of the evidence based practice movement, critical care nurses have struggled to identify scientific evidence on which to base their clinical practice. While the lack of critical care nursing research is a major concern, other important issues have significantly stalled the implementation of evidence even when it is available. A descriptive study of 274 critical care nurses was undertaken to examine nursing research activity in Victorian critical care units. The study aimed to identify critical care nurses' research skills, the barriers encountered in participation and implementation and the current availability of resources. Results revealed that 42 per cent of the nurses who participated in the study believed that they were not prepared adequately to evaluate research, and less than a third believed they were sufficiently skilled to conduct valid scientific studies. An association was found between nurses' ability to confidently perform research activities and higher academic qualifications. The study found that there is a lack of organisational support and management commitment for the development of evidence based nursing. In order to facilitate the implementation of evidence based practice, clinicians must be made aware of the available resources, be educated and mentored when carrying out and using clinical research, and be supported in professional initiatives that promote evidence based practice. It is argued that this will have positive implications for patient outcomes in the critical care environment
SN  - 1036-7314
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 852
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine: a new way of practicing pediatrics].[see comment]. [Spanish]
A1  - Bunuel Alvarez,J.C.
Y1  - 2001/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11696309 IN - Area Basica de Salud Girona-4, Institut Catala de la Salut, Girona. jcristobal@wanadoo.es OT - Medicina basada en la evidencia: una nueva manera de ejercer la pediatria CM - Comment in: An Esp Pediatr. 2001 Nov;55(5):397-9; PMID: 11696303 AS - An Esp Pediatr. 55(5):440-52, 2001 Nov JC - 49n, 0420463 SB - IM CP - Spain PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Pediatrics/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Experience
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrician
KW  - pediatricians
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 440
EP  - 452
JF  - Anales Espanoles de Pediatria
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates the best scientific evidence (from patient-centered clinical research) with individual clinical experience and patient values. This method has been designed for use in daily clinical practice. It enables pediatricians to be up to date in the knowledge required to provide patients with high quality medical care. EBM requires four steps: a) formulating a clinical question arising from a doubt concerning a patient; b) conducting an efficient literature search to answer this question; c) applying rules of evidence to selected articles to determine the validity of their design and the clinical relevance of their results; and d) applying these results in the patient who was the stimulus for the question.In this paper we explain the basic concepts of EMB and provide an extensive compilation of internet databases providing information that is valid and relevant to pediatricians in daily clinical practice. A selection of useful tools for developing critical self-appraisal skills is also provided
SN  - 0302-4342
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 853
T1  - Resources to enhance evidence-based nursing practice. [Review] [50 refs]
A1  - Ciliska,D.K.
A1  - Pinelli,J.
A1  - DiCenso,A.
A1  - Cullum,N.
Y1  - 2001/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11759424 IN - School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5. Ciliska@mcmaster.ca AS - AACN Clin Issues. 12(4):520-8, 2001 Nov JC - 9508191, cdm SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Services
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Organizational Policy
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 520
EP  - 528
JF  - AACN Clinical Issues
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based practice means integrating the best available research evidence with information about patient preferences, clinician skill level, and available resources to make decisions about patient care. Barriers to the use of research-based evidence occur when time, access to journal articles, search skills, critical appraisal skills, and understanding of the language used in research are lacking. Resources are available to overcome these barriers and support an evidence-based nursing practice. This article highlights available resources and describes strategies that nurses can use to develop and sustain an evidence-based nursing practice. [References: 50]
SN  - 1079-0713
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 854
T1  - Virtual reality bronchoscopy simulation: a revolution in procedural training
A1  - Colt,H.G.
A1  - Crawford,S.W.
A1  - Galbraith,O.,III
Y1  - 2001/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11591579 IN - Interventional Pulmonary Section, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of California-La Jolla Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92037-7372, USA. hcolt@ucsd.edu AS - Chest. 120(4):1333-9, 2001 Oct JC - 0231335, d1c SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Bronchoscopy
KW  - *Computer Simulation
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Pulmonary Disease (Specialty)/ed [Education]
KW  - *User-Computer Interface
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Article
KW  - Bronchoscopy
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Error
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - Industry
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1333
EP  - 1339
JF  - Chest.Vol.128(2)()(pp 507-517), 2005.
J1  - Chest
VL  - 120
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: In the airline industry, training is costly and operator error must be avoided. Therefore, virtual reality (VR) is routinely used to learn manual and technical skills through simulation before pilots assume flight responsibilities. In the field of medicine, manual and technical skills must also be acquired to competently perform invasive procedures such as flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB). Until recently, training in FFB and other endoscopic procedures has occurred on the job in real patients. We hypothesized that novice trainees using a VR skill center could rapidly acquire basic skills, and that results would compare favorably with those of senior trainees trained in the conventional manner. METHODS: We prospectively studied five novice bronchoscopists entering a pulmonary and critical care medicine training program. They were taught to perform inspection flexible bronchoscopy using a VR bronchoscopy skill center; dexterity, speed, and accuracy were tested using the skill center and an inanimate airway model before and after 4 h of group instruction and 4 h of individual unsupervised practice. Results were compared to those of a control group of four skilled physicians who had performed at least 200 bronchoscopies during 2 years of training. Student's t tests were used to compare mean scores of study and control groups for the inanimate model and VR bronchoscopy simulator. Before-training and after-training test scores were compared using paired t tests. For comparisons between after-training novice and skilled physician scores, unpaired two-sample t tests were used. RESULTS: Novices significantly improved their dexterity and accuracy in both models. They missed fewer segments after training than before training, and had fewer contacts with the bronchial wall. There was no statistically significant improvement in speed or total time spent not visualizing airway anatomy. After training, novice performance equaled or surpassed that of the skilled physicians. Novices performed more thorough examinations and missed significantly fewer segments in both the inanimate and virtual simulation models. CONCLUSION: A short, focused course of instruction and unsupervised practice using a virtual bronchoscopy simulator enabled novice trainees to attain a level of manual and technical skill at performing diagnostic bronchoscopic inspection similar to those of colleagues with several years of experience. These skills were readily reproducible in a conventional inanimate airway-training model, suggesting they would also be translatable to direct patient care
SN  - 0012-3692
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 855
T1  - Changes in attitudes and perceptions about research in physical therapy among professional physical therapist students and new graduates
A1  - Connolly,B.H.
A1  - Lupinnaci,N.S.
A1  - Bush,A.J.
Y1  - 2001/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11319938 IN - Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38363, USA. bconnolly@utmem.edu AS - Phys Ther. 81(5):1127-34, 2001 May JC - 0022623, p6w SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude
KW  - *Physical Therapy Modalities/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research
KW  - *Students
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - New Graduates
KW  - Patient
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Research Support
KW  - respect
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1134
JF  - Physical Therapy
VL  - 81
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The physical therapy profession, through its published educational accreditation standards and its normative model of professional education, has addressed the importance of educating physical therapist students in the basic principles and application of research. The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal study of students relative to (1) their perception of knowledge with respect to research, (2) their perception of what source should be used (evidence-based practice or traditional protocols) for clinical decision making, and (3) their perception of what should be used in a clinical setting for patient management. SUBJECTS: Thirty-six students during the final year of their professional program from a sample of 115 physical therapist students who requested 2 consecutive physical therapist classes completed the entire sequence of pretest and posttest survey administrations. Seventy-nine students did not complete the entire sequence. METHODS: A 10-item 5-point Likert-type questionnaire was designed by the authors to probe the students' attitudes and perceptions about research, their level of comfort and confidence in reading and applying research findings published in the literature, and their personal habits regarding reading the professional literature. An expert panel consisting of internal and external reviewers was used for construction of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by the students immediately preceding their research methods course, immediately after the completion of that course, and following the second research course, which included statistics and development of a research proposal. The subjects also completed the questionnaire after 1 year of physical therapy practice. Friedman's analysis of variance was used as an omnibus test to detect differences across time. In addition, a follow-up analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank procedure to examine differences between baseline data and data obtained during each follow-up was done for all items to determine whether a difference occurred at a time other than at the final posttest survey administration. RESULTS: The students showed differences on 5 of the 10 items on the questionnaire during the study. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These items related to reading peer-reviewed professional journals, critically reading professional literature, relevance and importance of evidence-based clinical practice, and level of comfort with knowledge in research
SN  - 0031-9023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 856
T1  - Critical appraisal in clinical practice: sometimes irrelevant, occasionally invalid
A1  - Coomarasamy,A.
A1  - Latthe,P.
A1  - Papaioannou,S.
A1  - Publicover,M.
A1  - Gee,H.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2001/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11691894 IN - Education Resource Centre, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Metchley Park Road, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK. arricoomar@hotmail.com AS - J R Soc Med. 94(11):573-7, 2001 Nov JC - 7802879, jx1 SB - IM CP - England PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/st [Standards]
KW  - *Internet/st [Standards]
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Competence
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 573
EP  - 577
JF  - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
VL  - 94
IS  - 11
N2  - A core activity of evidence-based practice is the search for and appraisal of evidence on specific clinical issues. Clinicians vary in their competence in this process; we therefore developed a 16-item checklist for quality of content (relevance and validity) and presentation (useability, attribution, currency and contact details). This was applied to a set of 55 consecutive appraisals conducted by clinicians and posted at a web-based medical journal club site. Questions were well formulated in 51/55 (92%) of the appraisals. However, 22% of appraisals missed the most relevant articles to answer the clinical question. Validity of articles was well appraised, with methodological information and data accurately extracted in 84% and accurate conversion to clinically meaningful summary statistics in 87%. The appraisals were presented in a useable way with appropriate and clear bottom-lines stated in 95%. The weakest link in production of good-quality critical appraisals was identification of relevant articles. This should be a focus for evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal skills
SN  - 0141-0768
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 857
T1  - Is it feasible to plan secondary care services for coronary heart disease rationally? A quantified modelling approach for a UK Health Authority
A1  - Cornell,S.J.
A1  - Chilcott,J.B.
A1  - Brennan,A.
Y1  - 2001/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11413185 IN - Doncaster Health Authority, White Rose House, Ten Pound Walk, Doncaster DN4 5DJ, UK. john.cornell@doncaster-ha.trent.nhs.uk AS - J Epidemiol Community Health. 55(7):521-7, 2001 Jul JC - i1p, 7909766 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Coronary Disease/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Hospital Planning/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Needs Assessment
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Coronary Disease/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Exercise
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Great Britain/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,District/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Hospitals,General/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - Models,Statistical
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Needs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 521
EP  - 527
JF  - Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
VL  - 55
IS  - 7
N2  - BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the UK. This paper explores the difficulties facing health authorities in applying a rational and needs based approach to the planning of hospital based services and describes a simple model used to bring available information to bear on this problem. METHOD: Published estimates of CHD incidence were identified and methodologies were critically appraised. Estimates were extrapolated to a district population. A three month cohort study of patients with suspected CHD was undertaken within a district general hospital and a model of these clinical pathways was used to examine the volumes of patients and services required to meet the estimated levels of need. RESULTS: From published studies, estimates of CHD incidence ranged from 83 to 3600 per 100 000. From the cohort study, of patients referred with possible CHD 62% received a definitive diagnosis of CHD, 56% underwent an exercise ECG, 16% received an angiogram, 4% received a CABG and 2% a PTCA. Using these figures together with the cohort study, estimated activity ranges from 247 to 6475 surgical interventions per million population compared with the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease recommendations of 1500 procedures per million. CONCLUSIONS: Current research on CHD incidence gives a very wide variation in estimated need. This makes its value for service planning questionable and the model highlights a need for further high quality research. The model provides a link between epidemiological research and secondary care service planning and supports the implementation of recommendations within the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease
SN  - 0143-005X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 858
T1  - Introducing evidence based medicine to the journal club, using a structured pre and post test: a cohort study
A1  - Cramer,J.S.
A1  - Mahoney,M.C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11710973 IN - Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA. CramerJS@email.msn.com AS - BMC Med Educ. 1:6, 2001 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Article
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Concepts
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Performance
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Journal Club at a University-based residency program was restructured to introduce, reinforce and evaluate residents understanding of the concepts of Evidence Based Medicine. METHODS: Over the course of a year structured pre and post-tests were developed for use during each Journal Club. Questions were derived from the articles being reviewed. Performance with the key concepts of Evidence Based Medicine was assessed. Study subjects were 35 PGY2 and PGY3 residents in a University based Family Practice Program. RESULTS: Performance on the pre-test demonstrated a significant improvement from a median of 54.5 % to 78.9 % over the course of the year (F 89.17, p <.001). The post-test results also exhibited a significant increase from 63.6 % to 81.6% (F 85.84, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Following organizational revision, the introduction of a pre-test/post-test instrument supported achievement of the learning objectives with a better understanding and utilization of the concepts of Evidence Based Medicine
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 859
T1  - The development of an alternative method in the assessment of critical thinking as an outcome of nursing education
A1  - Daly,W.M.
Y1  - 2001/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11555056 IN - Secondary Care Nursing Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, UK. w.m.daly2@wlv.ac.uk AS - J Adv Nurs. 36(1):120-30, 2001 Oct JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - challenge
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Simulation
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Triangulation
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 120
EP  - 130
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
N2  - RATIONALE: Critical thinking is currently a highly valued educational outcome throughout the educational spectrum, but particularly so in relation to higher and professional education. Nursing education worldwide is also embracing the construct critical thinking as a desirable educational outcome, to the extent that some commentators refer to the importance of critical thinking in nursing as a given. The body of evidence relating to the impact that nursing education has upon the development of critical thinking is currently inconclusive. Many commentators claim that this may be because the instruments used in many studies are not sufficiently domain-specific. STUDY AIMS: The primary purpose of this descriptive-illuminative study was to explore and develop an alternative domain-specific method for identifying critical thinking in student nurses' reasoning processes. DESIGN: A longitudinal multimethod design incorporating across-method triangulation has been utilized for this purpose. Data collection from a group of student nurses involved the combination of the Watson and Glaser (1991) critical thinking appraisal test and a researcher developed think aloud technique incorporating a videotaped client simulation, a cognitive task and stimulated recall strategy. FINDINGS: Findings indicate no significant differences in pre and postprogramme Watson-Glaser mean scores. With regard to the think aloud evidence the sample consistently displayed evidence of reasoning that reflected an absolutist epistemology portraying limited evidence of critical thinking. In instances where more complex reasoning was demonstrated there was evidence to suggest that metacognitive strategies may contribute to this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: The findings make a further contribution to the assessment of critical thinking and raise interesting challenges to future curriculum development in nursing education, assessment of learning and nursing practice
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 860
T1  - Psychomotor function and learning clinical skills: a critical appraisal. [Review] [45 refs]
A1  - Dashfield,A.K.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11974423 IN - Royal Navy Department of Anaesthesia, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, PL6 8DH AS - J R Nav Med Serv. 87(3):140-7, 2001 JC - jvl, 7503111 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Anesthesiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Psychomotor Performance
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Motor Skills
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 140
EP  - 147
JF  - Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service
VL  - 87
IS  - 3
N2  - The practice of clinical medicine involves performing a large number of practical procedures so that psychomotor function is of considerable importance, particularly to trainees mastering new skills. Performance of motor skills by trainees is usually assessed by faculty in a random, unorganised, subjective manner without clearly stated criteria of satisfactory performance. This review discusses objective assessment of motor skills utilising psychometric principles in anaesthesia and surgery. In addition, the role of simulators will be discussed within the context of learning new motor skills. [References: 45]
SN  - 0035-9033
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 861
T1  - Ways of using evidence-based medicine in general practice
A1  - Del Mar,C.B.
A1  - Glasziou,P.P.
Y1  - 2001/04/02/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11346110 IN - Centre for General Practice, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD. c.delmar@cgp.uq.edu.au AS - Med J Aust. 174(7):347-50, 2001 Apr 2 JC - 0400714, m26 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Family Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Directories
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - form
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Humans
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Queensland
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 347
EP  - 350
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 174
IS  - 7
N2  - General practitioners wanting to practise evidence-based medicine (EBM) are constrained by time factors and the great diversity of clinical problems they deal with. They need experience in knowing what questions to ask, in locating and evaluating the evidence, and in applying it. Conventional searching for the best evidence can be achieved in daily general practice. Sometimes the search can be performed during the consultation, but more often it can be done later and the patient can return for the "result". Case-based journal clubs provide a supportive environment for GPs to work together to find the best evidence at regular meetings. An evidence-based literature search service is being piloted to enhance decision-making for individual patients. A central facility provides the search and interprets the evidence in relation to individual cases. A request form and a "results" format make the service akin to pathology testing or imaging. Using EBM in general practice appears feasible. Major difficulties still exist before it can be practised by all GPs, but it has the potential to change the way doctors update their knowledge
SN  - 0025-729X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 862
T1  - Use of a journal club and letter-writing exercise to teach critical appraisal to medical undergraduates
A1  - Edwards,R.
A1  - White,M.
A1  - Gray,J.
A1  - Fischbacher,C.
Y1  - 2001/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11437973 IN - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The Medical School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK AS - Med Educ. 35(7):691-4, 2001 Jul JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peers
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduate curriculum
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 691
EP  - 694
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
N2  - INTRODUCTION: There is growing interest in methods of teaching critical appraisal skills at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. We describe an approach using a journal club and subsequent letter writing to teach critical appraisal and writing skills to medical undergraduates. METHODS: The exercise occurs during a 3-week public health medicine attachment in the third year of the undergraduate curriculum. Students work in small groups to appraise a recently published research paper, present their findings to their peers in a journal club, and draft a letter to the journal editor. Evaluation took place through: informal and formal feedback from students; number of letters written, submitted and published, and a comparison of marks obtained by students submitting a literature review assignment with and without critical appraisal teaching during the public health attachment. RESULTS: Feedback from students was overwhelmingly positive. In the first 3(1/2) years, 26 letters have been published or accepted for publication, and 58 letters published on the Internet. There were no significant differences in overall marks or marks for the critical appraisal component of the literature review assignments between the two student groups. DISCUSSION: We believe our approach is an innovative and enjoyable method for teaching critical appraisal and writing skills to medical students. Lack of difference in marks in the literature review between the student groups may reflect its insensitivity as an outcome measure, contamination by other critical appraisal teaching, or true ineffectiveness
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 863
T1  - Fostering evidence-based care in clinical teaching. [Review] [33 refs]
A1  - Erickson-Owens,D.A.
A1  - Kennedy,H.P.
Y1  - 2001/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11480745 IN - University of Rhode Island College of Nursing, Graduate Program in Nurse-Midwifery, Kingston 02881, USA AS - J Midwifery Womens Health. 46(3):137-45, 2001 May-Jun JC - dml, 100909407 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Midwifery/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - curiosity
KW  - educator
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Rhode Island
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
JF  - Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
N2  - Understanding scientific research evidence and applying it to clinical practice is a focus in today's health care arena. Fostering evidence-based care (EBC) in clinical teaching is an effective way to help students learn to think critically, search for, evaluate, and incorporate the best research evidence into their clinical practice. For example, helping a student plan care for a woman creates a "teaching moment" for the application of scientific evidence to clinical practice. Essentially, EBC is a learned skill for both the student and the clinical teacher. It requires intellectual curiosity and a willingness to explore beyond "the way it has always been done." This article presents a review of the goals of clinical teaching, strategies to foster EBC, and tools to assess the readiness of the teacher, the student, and the clinical setting for EBC. By aligning the goals of clinical teaching with evidence-based strategies, both the educator and student strive together to provide midwifery care that is supported by available research. [References: 33]
SN  - 1526-9523
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 864
T1  - In search of truth: the role of systematic reviews and meta-analyses for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation with oral implants. [Review] [105 refs]
A1  - Esposito,M.
A1  - Worthington,H.V.
A1  - Coulthard,P.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11472653 IN - NIOM (Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials) Haslum, Norway. marco.esposito@anatcell.gu.se AS - Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 3(2):62-78, 2001 JC - 100888977, d16 SB - D, IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dental Implantation,Endosseous
KW  - *Dental Implants
KW  - *Dental Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - 0 (Dental Implants)
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - Experience
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Humans
KW  - Implant
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Tooth Loss/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 62
EP  - 78
JF  - Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: It is difficult to determine the effectiveness or potential harm of dental therapies. Thus, any tools able to condense reliable scientific information would be of benefit. PURPOSE: To discuss methods for the assessment of the scientific literature and, in particular, of systematic reviews for evaluating the effectiveness of oral implant rehabilitation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various study designs and methods to identify scientific evidence are described, discussed, and ranked. Issues on how to critically appraise randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews are presented. RESULTS: Properly conducted RCTs and structured critical systematic reviews are the gold standard of clinical research for assessing whether a therapeutic intervention is effective. In the field of oral implantology, there is an urgent need to implement more RCTs and to summarize their results in systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS: Searching of the truth requires training and critical skill. Dentists should be trained on how to integrate their clinical experience with evidence-based research and on how to discriminate between clinically useful scientific information and less useful research. [References: 105]
SN  - 1523-0899
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 865
T1  - A comprehensive approach to the menopause: so far, one size should fit all. [Review] [45 refs]
A1  - Ewies,A.A.
Y1  - 2001/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11590315 IN - Department of Gynecology, Leicester University, UK. aymanewies@hotmail.com AS - Obstet Gynecol Surv. 56(10):642-9, 2001 Oct JC - ocm, 0401007 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Complementary Therapies
KW  - *Menopause
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alternative Therapies
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - Calcium
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Dietary Supplements
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Estrogen
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Gynecology/ed [Education]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hormonal Therapy
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Individualization
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Life
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - Management
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Safety
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vitamin D
KW  - Women's Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 642
EP  - 649
JF  - Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
VL  - 56
IS  - 10
N2  - Although extensive studies have indicated that the benefits of hormone replacement therapy outweigh the risks, many women and health care providers have concerns about safety and side effects. Many alternative therapies are popular with patients, and menopausal women in the United States spent more than $600 million in 1999 alone purchasing these therapies. Several of the more commonly used alternative therapies for the menopause are critically appraised in this article. For women who choose not to take estrogen, and for those who do, the additional benefits of calcium, vitamin D, exercise, stress reduction, and different dietary and lifestyle adaptations may enhance the quality of life as they age. Although they have the potential for being effective and safe options, there has been limited clinical research for the other alternative therapies. Gynecologists and other health care providers should be aware of the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of most of these therapies when they address patient's questions and concerns. Our information about alternative therapies will increase in the coming years. Ultimately, the growing number of available treatment choices will allow individualization of the treatment. Nevertheless, until prospective studies with prolonged follow-up are conducted to evaluate the risks and benefits of different alternative therapies, hormone replacement therapy, which is better studied, will remain the treatment of first choice, and "one size fits all" will continue to describe the management plan for most peri- and postmenopausal women at least in the near future. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to summarize the various alternatives to hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms, describe the effects of phytoestrogens in the management of menopausal symptoms, and explain the origin and clinical use of the more common herbal therapies. [References: 45]
SN  - 0029-7828
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 866
T1  - Evidence- and consensus-based practice guidelines for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.[see comment]. [Review] [37 refs]
A1  - Fass,R.
A1  - Longstreth,G.F.
A1  - Pimentel,M.
A1  - Fullerton,S.
A1  - Russak,S.M.
A1  - Chiou,C.F.
A1  - Reyes,E.
A1  - Crane,P.
A1  - Eisen,G.
A1  - McCarberg,B.
A1  - Ofman,J.
Y1  - 2001/09/24/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11570936 IN - Department of Medicine, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tucson, USA CM - Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jun 9;163(11):1374-5; PMID: 12796080 AS - Arch Intern Med. 161(17):2081-8, 2001 Sep 24 JC - 0372440, 7fs SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Consensus Development Conference PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Colonic Diseases,Functional/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Consensus Development
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Delphi Technique
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diarrhea
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2081
EP  - 2088
JF  - Archives of Internal Medicine.Vol.166(21)()(pp 2307-2313), 2006.Date of Publication: 27 NOV 2006.
J1  - Archives of Internal Medicine
VL  - 161
IS  - 17
N2  - BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) presents a significant diagnostic and management challenge for primary care practitioners. Improving the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis may result in improved quality and efficiency of care. OBJECTIVE: To systematically appraise the existing diagnostic criteria and combine the evidence with expert opinion to derive evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for a diagnostic approach to patients with suspected IBS. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review (January 1966-April 2000) of computerized bibliographic databases. Articles meeting explicit inclusion criteria for diagnostic studies in IBS were subjected to critical appraisal, which formed the basis of guideline statements presented to an expert panel. To develop a diagnostic algorithm, an expert panel of specialists and primary care physicians was used to fill in gaps in the literature. Consensus was developed using a modified Delphi technique. RESULTS: The systematic literature review identified only 13 published studies regarding the effectiveness of competing diagnostic approaches for IBS, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and the internal validity of current diagnostic symptom criteria. Few studies met accepted methodological criteria. While symptom criteria have been validated, the utility of endoscopic and other diagnostic interventions remains unknown. An analysis of the literature, combined with consensus from experienced clinicians, resulted in the development of a diagnostic algorithm relevant to primary care that emphasizes a symptom-based diagnostic approach, refers patients with alarm symptoms to subspecialists, and reserves radiographic, endoscopic, and other tests for referral cases. The resulting algorithm highlights the reliance on symptom criteria and comprises a primary module, 3 submodules based on the predominant symptom pattern (constipation, diarrhea, and pain) and severity level, and a subspecialist referral module. CONCLUSIONS: The dearth of available evidence highlights the need for more rigorous scientific validation to identify the most accurate methods of diagnosing IBS. Until such time, the diagnostic algorithm presented herein could inform decision making for a range of providers caring for primary care patients with abdominal discomfort or pain and altered bowel function suggestive of IBS. [References: 37]
SN  - 0003-9926
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 867
T1  - Integrating digital educational content created and stored within disparate software environments: an extensible markup language (XML) solution in real-world use
A1  - Frank,M.S.
A1  - Schultz,T.
A1  - Dreyer,K.
Y1  - 2001/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11442133 IN - Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. frank.mark@mgh.harvard.edu AS - J Digit Imaging. 14(2 Suppl 1):92-7, 2001 Jun JC - a19, 9100529 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer Storage Devices
KW  - *Radiology Information Systems
KW  - *Radiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Software
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Automation
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Coding
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Generator
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Imagery
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Model
KW  - Programming Languages
KW  - Radiology
KW  - relationships
KW  - Software
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - transform
KW  - United States
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
KW  - XML
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 7
JF  - Journal of Digital Imaging.2001 Jun; 14(2): Suppl 1: 92-7.
J1  - Journal of Digital Imaging
VL  - 14
IS  - 2:Suppl 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To provide a standardized and scaleable mechanism for exchanging digital radiologic educational content between software systems that use disparate authoring, storage, and presentation technologies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Our institution uses two distinct software systems for creating educational content for radiology. Each system is used to create in-house educational content as well as commercial educational products. One system is an authoring and viewing application that facilitates the input and storage of hierarchical knowledge and associated imagery, and is capable of supporting a variety of entity relationships. This system is primarily used for the production and subsequent viewing of educational CD-ROMS. Another software system is primarily used for radiologic education on the world wide web. This system facilitates input and storage of interactive knowledge and associated imagery, delivering this content over the internet in a Socratic manner simulating in-person interaction with an expert. A subset of knowledge entities common to both systems was derived. An additional subset of knowledge entities that could be bidirectionally mapped via algorithmic transforms was also derived. An extensible markup language (XML) object model and associated lexicon were then created to represent these knowledge entities and their interactive behaviors. Forward-looking attention was exercised in the creation of the object model in order to facilitate straightforward future integration of other sources of educational content. XML generators and interpreters were written for both systems. RESULTS: Deriving the XML object model and lexicon was the most critical and time-consuming aspect of the project. The coding of the XML generators and interpreters required only a few hours for each environment. Subsequently, the transfer of hundreds of educational cases and thematic presentations between the systems can now be accomplished in a matter of minutes. The use of algorithmic transforms results in nearly 100% transfer of context as well as content, thus providing "presentation-ready" outcomes. CONCLUSION: The automation of knowledge exchange between dissimilar digital teaching environments magnifies the efforts of educators and enriches the learning experience for participants. XML is a powerful and useful mechanism for transfering educational content, as well as the context and interactive behaviors of such content, between disparate systems
SN  - 0897-1889
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 868
T1  - The tobacco-using client: clinical issues
A1  - Fried,J.L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11326707 IN - Department of Dental Hygiene, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore AS - J Mass Dent Soc. 50(1):14-9, 2001 JC - 7503082, iy3 SB - D CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dental Hygienists
KW  - *Patient Education
KW  - *Professional-Patient Relations
KW  - *Smoking/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - clients
KW  - College
KW  - Communication
KW  - English
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Messages
KW  - Oral Hygiene
KW  - Patient Care Planning
KW  - Periodontal Diseases/et [Etiology]
KW  - Periodontal Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Periodontal Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - Plants,Toxic
KW  - Smoking Cessation
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Tobacco,Smokeless/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
JF  - Journal of the Massachusetts Dental Society
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
N2  - Dental hygienists must be aware of the clinical ramifications of tobacco use. By pointing out tobacco-induced periodontal alterations to clients, a teachable moment begins. When clients see deleterious changes occurring in their own oral cavities, their habits become personalized. Then they can begin to claim ownership of their habit and consider other alternatives. Caring, empathetic, and non-judgmental communication can help steer the client to the path of cessation. For clients not ready to abstain, the dental hygienist's appropriate clinical interventions and educational messages will help preserve the periodontium to the best extent possible. It is critical that clients realize that continued tobacco use will only exacerbate a preexisting periodontal condition. Thus, the tobacco-using client presents challenging educational and clinical opportunities for the dental hygienist
SN  - 0025-4800
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 869
T1  - Assistive technology outcomes research: challenges met and yet unmet. [Review] [28 refs]
A1  - Fuhrer,M.J.
Y1  - 2001/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11421522 IN - National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA AS - Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 80(7):528-35, 2001 Jul JC - 8803677, ajo SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Disabled Persons/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Self-Help Devices/st [Standards]
KW  - *Technology Assessment,Biomedical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Achievement
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Assistive Technology
KW  - challenge
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - Developmental Stage
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - English
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services
KW  - journal
KW  - Needs Assessment/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Organizational Objectives
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Total Quality Management/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 528
EP  - 535
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
VL  - 80
IS  - 7
N2  - This article highlights the special requirements, achievements, and yet unmet challenges of assessing the outcomes of assistive technology services. The current status of this research is considered from the standpoint of developmental stages that seem to characterize many areas of outcomes research. Those stages include exhortation, sober appraisal, infrastructure building, and "getting on with it." The status of measuring assistive technology outcomes is described, and efforts to develop new measures are critically reviewed. Three as yet unmet challenges are discussed that are faced alike by assistive technology outcomes research and by rehabilitation outcomes research in general. They are as follows: (1) operationalizing a multiple-stakeholder approach to outcomes research; (2) formulating adequate treatment theories; and (3) creating shared databases. [References: 28]
SN  - 0894-9115
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 870
T1  - [Aptitude for the critical reading of clinical research articles among psychiatry residents]. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez-Cobos,R.P.
A1  - Rios-Hernandez,J.
A1  - Landeros-Morales,C.
Y1  - 2001/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11332048 IN - Unidad de Investigacion Educativa, Coordinacion de Investigacion Medica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social OT - Aptitud para la lectura critica de articulos de investigacion clinica en residentes de psiquiatria AS - Rev Invest Clin. 53(1):28-34, 2001 Jan-Feb JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Aptitude Tests
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - *Research
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Journalism,Medical
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Paper
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychiatry/ed [Education]
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Social Security
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 28
EP  - 34
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To estimate the aptitude for the critical reading of papers of clinic research of psychiatry residents of the Mexican Institute of the Social Security in Mexico City. METHODS: A total of 34 residents from two hospitals (A and B) participated. Measuring instrument with abstracts of published research papers and 96 items was constructed to explore their abilities of interpretation, discernment and critical reading. Its reliability was of 0.88. RESULTS: The median of Hospital A was 11 and Hospital B was 9 and the global of 9.5 (p NS). There were no differences of results according to the year of residency (I, II and III) nor in the indicators. Most of the participants (n = 26, 76%) had a score below 18 which would be the score if answered in a random fashion. CONCLUSIONS: Critical reading of the participants was very low. Our results suggest that the bibliography sessions of the psychiatry residents were oriented to consumption of information and that critical reading of research papers was absent or very poor
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 871
T1  - [From evidence-based medicine to medicine-based evidence].[see comment]. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
Y1  - 2001/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11696308 IN - Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Universitario San Juan. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante. gonzalez_jav@gva.es OT - De la medicina basada en la evidencia a la evidencia basada en la medicina CM - Comment in: An Esp Pediatr. 2001 Nov;55(5):397-9; PMID: 11696303 AS - An Esp Pediatr. 55(5):429-39, 2001 Nov JC - 49n, 0420463 SB - IM CP - Spain PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Total Quality Management
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 439
JF  - Anales Espanoles de Pediatria
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
N2  - Medical practice is changing due to the more efficient use of the biomedical literature in making decisions on the care of individual patients. This constitutes a new scientific paradigm: evidence-based medicine (EBM). The factors that may explain the growing interest in EBM are awareness of variability in clinical practice, the importance of the efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of new health technologies, and ease of access to biomedical literature (especially through the Internet). The main tools of EBM in clinical practice are the increasing production of systematic reviews of health interventions (Cochrane Collaboration, Agencies for Health Technology Assessment, Clinical Practice Guidelines) and critical appraisal of scientific documents [Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and Critically Appraised Topics banks].EBM emphasizes benefit to the individual patient and its key point is efficacy, since the principal source of information are clinical trials and meta-analyses in "ideal" clinical practice. Medicine-based evidence, as the complement of EBM, emphasizes benefit to society and its key point is the effectiveness and efficiency of health interventions, since the main information sources are measures of health-related quality of life and economic analyses in "normal" clinical practice. Total quality management aims at medicine based evidence
SN  - 0302-4342
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 872
T1  - Evidence-based advertising? A survey of four major journals.[see comment]
A1  - Gutknecht,D.R.
Y1  - 2001/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11355052 IN - Department of General Internal Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822, USA CM - Comment in: J Am Board Fam Pract. 2001 Sep-Oct;14(5):399; PMID: 11572549 AS - J Am Board Fam Pract. 14(3):197-200, 2001 May-Jun JC - 8807505 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Advertising/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - *Pharmaceutical Preparations/st [Standards]
KW  - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
KW  - Advertising
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Canada
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Drug Information
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - power
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Sample
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 197
EP  - 200
JF  - Journal of the American Board of Family Practice
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Pharmaceutical advertisements are an important means of bringing drug information to physicians. Most advertisements are intended only to raise awareness, though there are those that do seek to persuade through presentation of research findings. Researchers have questioned the quality of the research reported in advertisements and wonder whether these advertisements would lead to improper prescribing. METHODS: A consecutive 6-month sample of advertisements in 4 general medical journals, 3 from the United States and 1 from Canada, were reviewed to determine how research results are presented in pharmaceutical advertisements. RESULTS: During this time there were 187 distinctive advertisements, with 43 data presentations in the 33 advertisements that contained quantitative research results. These results were examined using a critical appraisal worksheet. References to randomization and blinding were found in less than one half of the 43 data presentations. P values were frequently provided, but confidence intervals and references to power and number needed to treat were not provided in any of the advertisements. CONCLUSIONS: Descriptions of research in pharmaceutical advertisements were brief and incomplete, and they inconsistently provided the basic design and statistical information needed to judge the results reported. More detail could make these advertisements more meaningful to critical readers
SN  - 0893-8652
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 873
T1  - Student field performances: how valid are your preceptors' evaluations?
A1  - Janing,J.
Y1  - 2001/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11258306 IN - National Fire Academy, Emmitsburg, MD, USA AS - Emerg Med Serv. 30(3):65-70, 2001 Mar JC - ef8, 0431735 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Emergency Medical Technicians/st [Standards]
KW  - *Employee Performance Appraisal
KW  - *Preceptorship
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Performance
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Role
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 70
JF  - Emergency Medical Services
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
N2  - Developing relevant performance standards and rating criteria and preparing preceptors for the role of evaluator are critical to establishing valid student field performance evaluations and providing assurance to educational institutions that graduating students truly are competent and ready to assume an entry-level position. Using scripted, pre-scored video case studies in conjunction with written guidelines for rating the performance standards and providing specific feedback to explain rationale can significantly improve interrater agreement between preceptors
SN  - 0094-6575
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 874
T1  - An online educational facility for medical oncology trainees: www.vmotg.org
A1  - Jefford,M.
A1  - Phillips,K.A.
A1  - Tattersall,M.H.
Y1  - 2001/05/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11331336 IN - Victorian Medical Oncology Trainees' Group, Melbourne, Australia. michael.jefford@ludwig.edu.au AS - J Clin Oncol. 19(9):2566-9, 2001 May 1 JC - jco, 8309333 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Medical Oncology/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Countries
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Mail
KW  - Medical Oncology
KW  - methods
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PubMed
KW  - United States
KW  - Web
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2566
EP  - 2569
JF  - Journal of Clinical Oncology
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
N2  - PURPOSE: To design, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive educational Web site for medical oncology trainees. METHODS: The Web site was designed with three main areas (termed Journal Club, Key Papers, and Oncology Links) and compiled from articles presented at the Victorian Medical Oncology Trainees' Group journal club from the preceding 3 years. The Key Papers section was then reviewed by 30 academic medical oncologists. The site was advertised by mail and at the Annual Meeting of the Medical Oncology Group of Australia. Evaluation was by mail survey. RESULTS: The Web site, which may be accessed at www.vmotg.org, comprises more than 170 pages and 30,000 words of text. Journal club sessions are summarized with presented articles linked to abstracts from PubMed. Key Papers lists from five to 25 pivotal articles in each of 35 categories. Oncology Links is an extensive list of links in 10 categories including organizations, journals, and practice guidelines. Twenty-six of 45 trainees and 82 of 190 oncologists responded to the survey. Eighty-one percent of these trainees and 28% of oncologists have used the Web site. Ninety-six percent consider the Web site easy to use and "a useful medical oncology resource." All trainees rated the site good to excellent in terms of relevance and 94% considered the site beneficial to their education. CONCLUSION: The Web site www.vmotg.org is a relevant and useful educational resource for Australian medical oncology trainees and oncologists. As far as the authors are aware, this is the only educational site specifically for medical oncology trainees throughout the world. It may be a valuable oncology education resource for trainees in other countries, particularly those in isolated areas
SN  - 0732-183X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 875
T1  - Information needs of clinical teams: analysis of questions received by the Clinical Informatics Consult Service
A1  - Jerome,R.N.
A1  - Giuse,N.B.
A1  - Gish,K.W.
A1  - Sathe,N.A.
A1  - Dietrich,M.S.
Y1  - 2001/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11337949 IN - Annette and Irwin Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA AS - Bull Med Libr Assoc. 89(2):177-84, 2001 Apr JC - bow, 0421037 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Library Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Needs Assessment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Artificial Intelligence
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Needs
KW  - Program Development
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Referral and Consultation/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - representation
KW  - Study
KW  - Teams
KW  - Technique
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 177
EP  - 184
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To examine the types of questions received by Clinical Informatics Consult Service (CICS) librarians from clinicians on rounds and to analyze the number of clearly differentiated viewpoints provided in response. DESIGN: Questions were retrieved from an internal database, the CICS Knowledge Base, and analyzed for redundancy by subject analysis. The unique questions were classified into ten categories by subject. Treatment-related questions were analyzed for the number of viewpoints represented in the librarian's response. RESULTS: The CICS Knowledge Base contained 476 unique questions and 71 redundant questions. Among the unique queries, the top two categories accounted for 67%: treatment (36%) and disease description (31%). Within the treatment-related subset, 138 questions (59%) required representation of more than one viewpoint in the librarian's response. DISCUSSION: Questions generated by clinicians frequently require comprehensive, critical appraisal of the medical literature, a need that can be filled by librarians trained in such techniques. This study demonstrates that many questions require representation of more than one viewpoint to answer completely. Moreover, the redundancy rate underscores the need for resources like the CICS Knowledge Base. By critically analyzing the medical literature, CICS librarians are providing a time-saving and valuable service for clinicians and charting new territory for librarians
SN  - 0025-7338
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 876
T1  - [Development of quality assurance criteria for continuing education in evidence-based medicine]. [German]
A1  - Kunz,R.
A1  - Fritsche,L.
A1  - Neumayer,H.H.
Y1  - 2001/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11486502 IN - Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Charite, Berlin. regina.kunz@charite.de OT - Entwicklung eines Gegenstandskatalogs als Basis einer reproduzierbaren Ausbildungsqualitat in evidenzbasierter Medizin AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 95(5):371-5, 2001 Jun JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Consensus
KW  - content
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Statistical Concepts
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 371
EP  - 375
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 95
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of core contents for teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM). METHOD: Description of basic principles from clinical epidemiology, medical statistics and literature search essential for health care practitioners to perform critical appraisal of the medical literature. Based on textbooks for EBM and clinical epidemiology and guided by the EBM courses at McMaster university and the Oxford Centre for EBM, core contents were defined. Decision on inclusion was made by consensus. RESULTS: The core contents for the Berlin curriculum in EBM covers 3 areas: 1. General information on the methods of experimental and observational clinical studies, principles of EMB, basic statistical concepts, and literature search. 2. Tools for critical appraisal of primary studies required for medical decision making: therapy, diagnosis, prognosis, and harm. 3. Evidence-based summary reports: meta-analysis and guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The contents of EBM can be precisely defined. They are transparent, explicit and communicable and present a reproducible basis for the different forms of teaching EBM
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 877
T1  - Tracing the development of critical thinking in baccalaureate nursing students
A1  - L'Eplattenier,N.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16052905 IN - Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York, USA AS - J N Y State Nurses Assoc. 32(2):27-32, 2001 Fall-Winter JC - jfh, 7507218 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Human Development
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Logic
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - New England
KW  - New York
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Sample
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 32
JF  - Journal of the New York State Nurses Association
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - A repeated measures design was used to trace 83 baccalaureate students' critical thinking (CT) ability as they progressed in a nursing program. CT was assessed with the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal at four strategic junctures in the curriculum; program entry, mid junior year, beginning of senior year, and program exit. Sixty students (Group One) had been in the program when the study began and were not pretested. Group Two (N = 23) was tested at all four junctures. The sample was racially and culturally diverse, predominantly female, and a majority had prior college. Over time, scores tended not to improve, and they were below published norms. Findings are discussed from the perspectives of what constitutes CT in nursing and its measurement, the cultural context of its assessment, and the nature of nursing education and its influence on CT
SN  - 0028-7644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 878
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines targeting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A1  - Lacasse,Y.
A1  - Ferreira,I.
A1  - Brooks,D.
A1  - Newman,T.
A1  - Goldstein,R.S.
Y1  - 2001/01/08/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11146700 IN - Centre de Pneumologie L'Hopital Laval, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5. Yves.Lacasse@med.ulaval.ca AS - Arch Intern Med. 161(1):69-74, 2001 Jan 8 JC - 0372440, 7fs SB - AIM, IM CP - UNITED STATES PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Lung Diseases,Obstructive/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Professional Organizations
KW  - quality
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
JF  - Archives of Internal Medicine.Vol.166(21)()(pp 2307-2313), 2006.Date of Publication: 27 NOV 2006.
J1  - Archives of Internal Medicine
VL  - 161
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is so prevalent that the endorsement of management strategies by professional organizations issuing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) will likely influence the clinical and financial resources allocated to this condition. OBJECTIVES: To examine the content of and to critically appraise the CPGs targeting COPD. METHODS: We identified, through a MEDLINE search (from January 1990 to May 1999) and contacts with experts and professional organizations, the CPGs for the overall management of COPD. We assessed the guidelines according to an index of quality measuring 3 dimensions: the rigor of development, the context and content, and the extent to which the dissemination and implementation have been addressed. The recommendations were also examined and compared. RESULTS: Of the 15 CPGs we included, none was based on a systematic review of the literature. Two were independently reviewed before their release, 1 included strategies for dissemination and implementation, and 1 estimated the economic implications associated with its recommendations. The recommendations were often difficult to interpret (reviewers' agreement: kappa median, 0.41). When unanimity existed regarding the benefits of a given management modality (such as respiratory rehabilitation), discrepancies were often identified in the application of the recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of CPGs targeting COPD is limited, and there are disparities among many of their recommendations. Despite there being several CPGs worldwide, there is a need for an evidence-based summary of the literature to serve as a resource for those who provide health care to individuals with COPD
SN  - 0003-9926
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 879
T1  - Evidence-based medicine journal club: what's it all about and what's in it for me?[comment]
A1  - Lehmann,H.P.
Y1  - 2001/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11386949 CM - Comment on: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Jun;155(6):669-72; PMID: 11386954, Comment on: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Jun;155(6):673-5; PMID: 11386955 AS - Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 155(6):639-40, 2001 Jun JC - 9422751, bwf SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Programmed Instruction
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 639
EP  - 640
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.2005 Aug; 159(8): 787-8.(9 ref)
J1  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
VL  - 155
IS  - 6
SN  - 1072-4710
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 880
T1  - 'Best research practice': in pursuit of methodological rigour. [Review] [63 refs]
A1  - Maggs-Rapport,F.
Y1  - 2001/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11489018 IN - Mary Seacole Research Centre, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK. fmaggs-rapport@dmu.ac.uk AS - J Adv Nurs. 35(3):373-83, 2001 Aug JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Benchmarking/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing Methodology Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - Employment
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - Ethnology
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Organizational Objectives
KW  - Paper
KW  - Phenomenology
KW  - Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Semantics
KW  - State Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 373
EP  - 383
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
N2  - RATIONALE: This paper is based on the rationale that misuse of methodological notions in research publications lays research studies open to criticism and dismissal. AIM: In search of 'best research practice', this paper aims to examine the different qualities of four major qualitative methodologies: ethnography, descriptive phenomenology, interpretative phenomenology/hermeneutics and critical social theory. DESIGN: The study presents a critical overview of methodological decision-making, illustrating the sorts of issues researchers must consider in order to justify to the readership and to themselves the employment of a particular methodology. This is presented alongside a general overview of qualitative research and a precis of each of the major qualitative methodologies. The paper describes the methodologies, salient features, and examines methodological similarities and differences. The paper concludes by examining the need for methodological rigour within the framework of the National Health Service (NHS) Executive's drive for evidence-based practice in health care. RECOMMENDATIONS: It is hoped that the paper will stimulate a deeper exploration of methodological rigour in future research publications. [References: 63]
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 881
T1  - What is evidence-based medicine and the role of the systematic review: the revolution coming your way. [Review] [46 refs]
A1  - Manser,R.
A1  - Walters,E.H.
Y1  - 2001/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11407207 IN - Clinical Epidemiology and Health Service Evaluation Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia AS - Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 56(1):33-8, 2001 Feb JC - bq0, 9307314 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/td [Trends]
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - service evaluation
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 38
JF  - Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease.Vol.57(1)()(pp 44-47), 2002.
J1  - Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
N2  - The practice of evidence-based medicine involves the critical application of current best evidence to the care of individual patients. This process requires clinicians to be able to efficiently locate, critically appraise and appropriately apply the best available evidence to particular clinical scenarios. The current volume of medical and scientific literature is unmanageable and traditional approaches to continuing education cannot fully address the information needs of practicing clinicians in the era of evidence-based medicine. Review articles are useful resources but traditional narrative reviews often include a selective summary of research findings mixed with personal opinion. Systematic reviews have many advantages over traditional narrative reviews; importantly, the use of systematic and explicit methods mean that bias in identifying, selecting and summarizing the evidence is minimized. For systematic reviews where meta-analysis can be performed, the quantitative synthesis of data from different studies can provide additional information. Systematic reviews are retrospective studies and like all research may be susceptible to bias. Furthermore some methodological issues related to meta-analysis have yet to be resolved. The strengths and limitations of systematic reviews are discussed in this article and useful resources for locating high quality systematic reviews are outlined. Clinical judgement and experience have a pivotal role in the practice of evidence-based medicine and clinicians must rely on this judgement when deciding how and when to apply the results of systematic reviews to particular patients. [References: 46]
SN  - 1122-0643
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 882
T1  - Overview of evidence-based medicine: challenges for evidence-based laboratory medicine. [Review] [102 refs]
A1  - McQueen,M.J.
Y1  - 2001/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11468264 IN - Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. mcquemat@hhsc.ca AS - Clin Chem. 47(8):1536-46, 2001 Aug JC - dbz, 9421549 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Chemistry,Clinical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - complexity
KW  - Cost Control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Techniques and Procedures/ec [Economics]
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Poverty
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Translating
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1536
EP  - 1546
JF  - Clinical Chemistry
VL  - 47
IS  - 8
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been driven by the need to cope with information overload, by cost-control, and by a public impatient for the best in diagnostics and treatment. Clinical guidelines, care maps, and outcome measures are quality improvement tools for the appropriateness, efficiency, and effectiveness of health services. Although they are imperfect, their value increases with the quality of the evidence they incorporate. Laboratory professionals must direct more effort to demonstrating the impact of laboratory tests on a greater variety of clinical outcomes. Laboratory and clinical practitioners must be familiar with many of the accessible electronic and paper tools for searching for evidence. Detailed statistical and epidemiologic knowledge is not essential, but critical appraisal skills and a competent understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of systematic review and metaanalysis are necessary. Overemphasis on complexity and failure to recognize time limitations are major barriers to translating EBM into everyday practice. Emphasizing and practicing the role of the laboratory professional as a skilled clinical consultant strongly grounded in evidence as well, in addition to better integration of laboratory and clinical information and improved laboratory reports will overcome most barriers. There is a poverty of good, primary studies of test evaluations. Institution of more consistent standards for the design and reporting of studies on diagnostic accuracy should improve the situation. If nothing else, systematic reviews have demonstrated the need for more good-quality primary research in laboratory medicine. [References: 102]
SN  - 0009-9147
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 883
T1  - [Aptitude for critical reading of clinical research reports among medical residents of the Mexican Social Security Institute in Jalisco]. [Spanish]
A1  - Mercado Barajas,J.L.
A1  - Viniegra,Velazquez L.
A1  - Leyva Gonzalez,F.A.
Y1  - 2001/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11795107 IN - Centro de Estudios en Salud, Poblacion y Desarrollo Humano del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara OT - Aptitud para la lectura critica de informes de investigaciones clinicas en medicos residentes del IMSS en Jalisco AS - Rev Invest Clin. 53(5):413-21, 2001 Sep-Oct JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Aptitude Tests
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Male
KW  - media
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Social Security
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Specialties,Medical
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 413
EP  - 421
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the aptitude degree of the critical reading in reports of clinical investigation in the residents of the different areas of medical specialties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was elaborated and it validated an instrument to explore the critical reading in their abilities of to interpret and to judge. We studied 572 medical residents of eight units of the Mexican Institute of the Social Security: 292 of the medical area, 227 of the surgical area, 30 of the area of auxiliary in diagnosis and treatment, and 23 of the research area. RESULTS: The median of the qualifications obtained, they were low (considering a theoretical qualification maxim of 100), for the residents of the three areas: medicine with 34, surgical with 30 and auxiliary in diagnosis and treatment with 28.5. For the research area, the aptitude was a medium degree with 49. Of the 572 residents 98 (17.1%) it didn't surpass the limit of the accountable qualifications for a random effect. In the medical area we found a positive differential effect of the time of residence in the aptitude for the critical reading, particularly in the specialty of Internal Medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The development of the aptitude for the critical reading of reports of clinical investigation in general is low, the exception, are the residents in investigation and in certain measure those of internal medicine; in this last one it seems product of an intentional, collective, systematic and progressive exercise
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 884
T1  - What is evidence-based medicine and why should it be practiced?. [Review] [78 refs]
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2001/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11679142 IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA AS - Respir Care. 46(11):1201-14, 2001 Nov JC - qz3, 7510357 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Respiratory Therapist
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1201
EP  - 1214
JF  - Respiratory Care.2001 Nov; 46(11): 1226-35.(31 ref)
J1  - Respiratory Care
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
N2  - Responding to the limitations of traditional expert recommendations as a guide to clinical practice, evidence-based medicine has presented a paradigm shift in the way clinicians learn and practice medicine. The practice of evidence-based medicine requires careful examination of the evidence, using a set of formal rules applied in an explicit manner. The clinician then judiciously applies the evidence to decision-making, with an understanding of the patient context and values. Using examples pertinent to respiratory therapists, we discuss evidence-based decision-making as a clinical problem-solving strategy, its basis on a hierarchy of evidence, and the interplay of values, preferences, expertise, and circumstances that affect its application. We briefly describe some resources available to obtain evidence reports and to learn to critically appraise and apply them. [References: 78]
SN  - 0020-1324
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 885
T1  - Building the powerful 10-minute office visit: Part II. Beginning a critical literature review
A1  - Neely,J.G.
A1  - Hartman,J.M.
A1  - Wallace,M.S.
Y1  - 2001/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11192902 IN - Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. jgneely@aol.com AS - Laryngoscope. 111(1):70-6, 2001 Jan JC - 8607378, l1w SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - formulation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - participation
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Translating
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 70
EP  - 76
JF  - Laryngoscope.Vol.113(3)()(pp 475-483), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2003.
J1  - Laryngoscope
VL  - 111
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: This is the second part in a series of sequential Tutorials in Clinical Research. The objective of this tutorial is to introduce methods of searching the vast stores of information now available, to review some of the computer resources available, to reintroduce the concept of an a priori design for the search, and to reveal the need for assessment of the clinical importance and validity of each pertinent article found. STUDY DESIGN: Tutorial. METHODS: An open working group has been formed with the specific aim of surveying and translating the large volume of complex information on research design and statistics into easily understood, useable, and non-threatening tutorials for the busy practitioner. The hypotheses under which this work is conducted are highly intelligent, but extremely busy, surgeons are interested in evidence-based medicine and will increase personal participation in critical reading of the literature, pending an expanded familiarity with clinical research design and statistics. RESULTS: Available resources for literature searching, methods of quick personal overviews, and quick question-specific reviews are discussed. Additionally, the methods, with examples, of beginning a critical literature review are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid, personal, critical literature review requires succinct formulation of the question, efficient search for the best available evidence, and critical appraisal of the pertinent individual articles to determine if sufficient evidence exists to support a clinical contention
SN  - 0023-852X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 886
T1  - The use of a journal club and clinical seminars on a 4-year undergraduate, pre-registration mental- health nursing degree
A1  - Owen,S.
A1  - Wheway,J.
A1  - Anderson,M.
Y1  - 2001/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11339873 IN - Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, B Floor Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. sara.owen@nottingham.ac.uk AS - Nurse Educ Today. 21(4):297-303, 2001 May JC - ned, 8511379 SB - N CP - Scotland PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Psychiatric Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Scotland
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
EP  - 303
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - This paper presents and critically appraises the usefulness of using a journal club and clinical seminars as a learning strategy for mental-health nursing students. It begins by outlining the rationale for developing these approaches by discussing the importance of integrating theory with practice, and reviewing current developments in the education of pre-registration mental health students. The approach taken to organizing the sessions is then discussed. This is illustrated with key examples of the literature used and issues raised by the students. The paper concludes by highlighting the benefits of using a journal club and clinical seminars. Copyright 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd
SN  - 0260-6917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 887
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal skills in health care settings. [Review] [63 refs]
A1  - Parkes,J.
A1  - Hyde,C.
A1  - Deeks,J.
A1  - Milne,R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11686986 IN - Health Care Research Unit South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire, UK, SO16 6YD. jules@soton.ac.uk AS - Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (3):CD001270, 2001 JC - 100909747 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - College
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Life
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Patient
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - CD001270
JF  - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Critical appraisal is the process of assessing and interpreting evidence by systematically considering its validity, results and relevance to an individual's work. Within the last decade critical appraisal has been added as a topic to many medical school and UK Royal College curricula, and several continuing professional development ventures have been funded to provide further training. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of teaching critical appraisal skills to health professionals, on the process of care, patient outcomes and knowledge of health professionals. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Library (to Issue 2 2000), MEDLINE (1966 to 1997), EMBASE (1980 to 1997), Eric (1966 to 1997), Cinahl (1982 to 1997), Lisa (1976 to 1997), Sigle (1980 to 1997), Science Citation Index (1981 to 1997), PsycLit (1974 to 1997), the world-wide-web, and reference lists of articles. We also contacted major medical education centres. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before and after studies and interrupted time series analyses of educational interventions teaching critical appraisal to health professionals. The outcomes were: process of care; patient mortality, quality of life, and satisfaction; and health professional knowledge/awareness based upon objective, standardised, validated instruments. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data and three reviewers independently assessed study quality. MAIN RESULTS: One USA hospital-based randomised trial was included involving 44 doctors. The outcome assessed was critical appraisal knowledge. Process of care, patient health or attitude/awareness outcomes were not assessed. Critical appraisal teaching was reported to have resulted in a 25% improvement (adjusted figure) in critical appraisal knowledge in the intervention group compared to a 6% improvement in the control group, which was statistically significant (p=0.02). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that critical appraisal teaching has positive effects on participants' knowledge, but as only one study met the inclusion criteria the validity of drawing general conclusions about the effects of teaching critical appraisal is debatable. There are large gaps in the evidence as to whether teaching critical appraisal impacts on decision-making or patient outcomes. It is also unclear whether the size of benefit seen is large enough to be of practical significance, or whether this varies according to participant background or teaching method. The evidence supporting all outcomes is weakened by the generally poorly designed, executed and reported studies that we found. [References: 63]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 888
T1  - Journal club
A1  - Phillips,B.
A1  - Butter,J.
A1  - Collins,C.
Y1  - 2001/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11430726 AS - Acta Paediatr. 90(5):592, 2001 May JC - bgc, 9205968 SB - IM CP - Norway PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - English
KW  - Hospitals,Teaching
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Norway
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 592
JF  - Acta Paediatrica
VL  - 90
IS  - 5
SN  - 0803-5253
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 889
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine in ENT]. [German]
A1  - Porzsolt,F.
A1  - Ohletz,A.
Y1  - 2001/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11488155 IN - AG Klinische Okonomik, Universitatsklinikum Ulm OT - Evidence-based medicine in der HNO AS - Laryngorhinootologie. 80(7):420-7, 2001 Jul JC - ab7, 8912371 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Otolaryngology
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Ethics,Medical
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - feelings
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - respect
KW  - Study
KW  - transform
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 420
EP  - 427
JF  - Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie.Vol.82(2)()(pp 83-91), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 FEB 2003.
J1  - Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
VL  - 80
IS  - 7
N2  - Using a clinical example we discuss the reasons why some of our colleagues associate unpleasant feelings with the term Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). We demonstrate what EBM can contribute to solve day-to-day clinical problems and discuss the six formal steps for implementation of EBM into the day-to-day practise. 1. To transform the clinical problem into an answerable 4-part question. 2. To answer this question based on your internal evidence. 3. To search for external evidence to answer this question. 4. To critically appraise the found evidence with respect to it's validity, importance and applicability. 5. To integrate the appraised external evidence into your existing internal evidence in order to come to a new decision if the additional new external evidence in convincing. 6. To assess the benefit which was gained for the patient
SN  - 0935-8943
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 890
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in anesthesiology.[see comment]. [Review] [46 refs]
A1  - Pronovost,P.J.
A1  - Berenholtz,S.M.
A1  - Dorman,T.
A1  - Merritt,W.T.
A1  - Martinez,E.A.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2001/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11226121 IN - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21289-7294, USA. ppronovo@jhmi.edu CM - Comment in: Anesth Analg. 2001 Aug;93(2):514; PMID: 11473888, Comment in: Anesth Analg. 2002 Dec;95(6):1817; author reply 1817; PMID: 12456465 AS - Anesth Analg. 92(3):787-94, 2001 Mar JC - 4r8, 1310650 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Anesthesiology
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Postoperative Analgesia
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - testing
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 787
EP  - 794
JF  - Anesthesia & Analgesia.Vol.100(2)()(pp 527-533), 2005.
J1  - Anesthesia & Analgesia
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
N2  - By making the clinical decision making process explicit, conscious, and science based, we may avoid confusing opinion with evidence. EBM may help sharpen our critical appraisal skills and thus improve the way we practice, teach, and conduct research. Nevertheless, EBM will need to supplement rather than substitute for other approaches to patient care and teaching. EBM may better incorporate patients' values into clinical decision making, and this may be especially important in anesthesiology, where we are in need of valid evidence about important clinical issues such as preoperative testing and postoperative analgesia. By incorporating valid scientific evidence and patients' values into clinical decision making, we may improve patient outcomes. Outside of internal medicine, the literature suggesting that the practice of EBM improves outcomes is sparse, though increasing. Future studies to critically evaluate the practice of EBM in anesthesiology and critical care would be helpful. [References: 46]
SN  - 0003-2999
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 891
T1  - An interdisciplinary course in the basic sciences for senior medical and PhD students
A1  - Rudich,A.
A1  - Bashan,N.
Y1  - 2001/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11597853 IN - The S. Daniel Abraham Center for Health and Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. rudich@bgumail.bgu.ac.il AS - Acad Med. 76(10):1072-5, 2001 Oct JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Graduate
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Science/ed [Education]
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Faculty
KW  - graduate students
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Information
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Integration
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - methods
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Paper
KW  - Personnel Selection
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Teams
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1075
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 76
IS  - 10
N2  - Integrating clinical and basic sciences throughout the medical school curriculum has become a major objective of various innovations in medical education. While early clinical exposure has evolved as an efficient means of introducing clinical studies in the preclinical years, interdisciplinary integration of basic sciences during the clinical years remains a challenge. The authors describe their three years of experience with an interdisciplinary course designed to demonstrate the continuum of medical information from the clinic to the basic sciences. In this course, sixth-year medical students are required to choose one of three to four different one-week programs, each of which requires them to conduct an in-depth investigation of a defined clinical topic. Program coordinators are encouraged to work in clinician-basic scientist teams and to use a variety of teaching methods, with an emphasis on tutored individual and group learning based on critical readings of original papers. Coordinators are also encouraged to enable graduate research students to participate. From 1998 to 2000, students participated in nine programs, seven of which were coordinated by interdisciplinary teams. Several clinical and basic science disciplines were represented in each program, and various teaching methods were used. Graduate students participated in two of the programs. Evaluation of the programs (a debriefing discussion as well as short written evaluations) indicated moderate to good achievement of the course objectives
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 892
T1  - Epidemiology in community psychiatric research: common uses and methodological issues. [Review] [26 refs]
A1  - Skapinakis,P.
A1  - Lewis,G.
Y1  - 2001/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11381476 IN - Division of Psychological Medicine, Academic Unit, Monmouth House, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK AS - Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 10(1):18-26, 2001 Jan-Mar JC - coh, 9501447 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Community Psychiatry
KW  - *Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Causality
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - context
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exposure
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disorders/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Mental Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - mental health needs
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Models,Statistical
KW  - Needs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevention
KW  - principles
KW  - progress
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Public Health
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 18
EP  - 26
JF  - Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological principles underpin much medical research particularly that concerned with the planning and evaluation of health services, including research in community and social psychiatry. The aim of this paper is to review some of the common uses of epidemiology in community psychiatric research and to discuss some methodological issues that arise frequently in epidemiological research in community settings. METHODS: This is a review of the relevant literature and of the work currently in progress in the department of psychological medicine of the university of Wales College of Medicine. RESULTS: Among the many uses of epidemiology in health care, four are especially relevant in community psychiatric settings: the assessment of the mental health needs of the population (four approaches are described: the collection of routine data, surveys of existing patients, surveys of the general population and statistical modelling), the identification of risk factors of disease, the contribution to prevention and the assessment of the clinical effectiveness of health care interventions. The most important methodological issues include causal inference which in epidemiology takes the form of explaining the association between an exposure and disease (chance, bias, confounding, reverse causality and causality), the issue of confounding and how to adjust for it and issues arising in the context of specific study designs. CONCLUSION: Epidemiology has become a set of methods used to investigate a wide range of clinical questions. Population based research is an essential part of clinical research but epidemiological knowledge is also needed by clinicians in order to critically appraise and interpret the scientific literature. [References: 26]
SN  - 1121-189X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 893
T1  - [Critical appraisal of medical literature:pragmatic approach]. [German]
A1  - Steurer,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11423733 IN - Horten Zentrum fur praxisorientierte Forschung und Wissenstransfer, Universitatsspital Zurich, Schweiz, Switzerland OT - Lesen und Bewerten von Literatur: ein pragmatischer Ansatz AS - Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch. 41(1):16-8, 2001 JC - bk6, 9212667 SB - IM CP - Switzerland PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Abstracting and Indexing
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 16
EP  - 18
JF  - Gynakologisch-Geburtshilfliche Rundschau
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
N2  - Due to the enormous amount of medical information in journals and the Internet, keeping doctors up to date has become increasingly difficult. A pragmatic approach to reduce the amount of information is to select on the basis of the topic, the title, and the abstract. After this selection, reading should not be limited to the abstract alone. Abstracts go short on essential information about the applicability of the information in clinical practice. To read the whole article might be time-consuming, but the validity of the data has to be evaluated prior to application to patients
SN  - 1018-8843
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 894
T1  - Evidence-based Dentistry: Part VI. Critical Appraisal of the Dental Literature: Papers About Diagnosis, Etiology and Prognosis
A1  - Sutherland,S.E.
Y1  - 2001/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11737981 IN - Department of Dentistry, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. susan.sutherland@swchsc.on.ca AS - J Can Dent Assoc. 67(10):582-5, 2001 Nov JC - 7907605, chc SB - D, IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dental Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Diagnosis,Oral/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Causality
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - frameworks
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reference Standards
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Science
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 582
EP  - 585
JF  - Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
VL  - 67
IS  - 10
N2  - Critical appraisal methods assist the reader in assessing the validity (closeness to the truth) and the relevance (usefulness in everyday practice) of research findings. The specific techniques of critical appraisal can vary somewhat, depending on the nature of the research question. In this paper, the final in a 6-part series on evidence-based dentistry, frameworks are presented to enable the judicious reader of the dental literature to apply sensible questions to the evaluation of papers related to diagnosis, etiology and prognosis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 895
T1  - Evidence-based dentistry: Part V. Critical appraisal of the dental literature: papers about therapy
A1  - Sutherland,S.E.
Y1  - 2001/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11583604 IN - Department of Dentistry, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M5. susan.sutherland@swchsc.on.ca AS - J Can Dent Assoc. 67(8):442-5, 2001 Sep JC - 7907605, chc SB - D, IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dental Care/st [Standards]
KW  - *Dental Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dental Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Science
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 442
EP  - 445
JF  - Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
VL  - 67
IS  - 8
N2  - Evidence-based dentistry involves defining a question focused on a patient-related problem and searching for reliable evidence to provide an answer. Once potential evidence has been found, it is necessary to determine whether the information is credible and whether it is useful in your practice by using the techniques of critical appraisal. In this paper, the fifth in a 6-part series on evidence-based dentistry, a framework is described which provides a series of questions to help the reader assess both the validity and applicability of an article related to questions of therapy or prevention
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 896
T1  - Evidence-based dentistry: Part IV. Research design and levels of evidence
A1  - Sutherland,S.E.
Y1  - 2001/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11468093 IN - Faculty of Dentistry, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. susan.sutherland@swchsc.on.ca AS - J Can Dent Assoc. 67(7):375-8, 2001 Jul-Aug JC - 7907605, chc SB - D, IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dental Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Dental Records
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Double-Blind Method
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - preventive intervention
KW  - problems
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 375
EP  - 378
JF  - Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
VL  - 67
IS  - 7
N2  - Previous papers in this series on evidence-based dentistry have discussed the first 2 steps in seeking answers to clinical problems formulating a clear question and strategically searching for evidence. The next step, critical appraisal of the evidence, is made easier if one understands the basic concepts of clinical research design. The strongest design, especially for questions related to therapeutic or preventive interventions, is the randomized, controlled trial. Questions relating to diagnosis, prognosis and causation are often studied with observational, rather than experimental, research designs. The strongest study design should be used whenever possible. Rules have been established to grade research evidence. This paper, the fourth in the series, presents an overview of research methodology most commonly used in the dental literature
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 897
T1  - A clinical informaticist to support primary care decision making
A1  - Swinglehurst,D.A.
A1  - Pierce,M.
A1  - Fuller,J.C.
Y1  - 2001/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11743154 IN - Imperial College, London, UK. deborah@swinglehurst.fsbusiness.co.uk AS - Qual Health Care. 10(4):245-9, 2001 Dec JC - bvy, 9209948 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Consumer Satisfaction/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Services/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Physician's Role
KW  - *Physicians,Family
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services/st [Standards]
KW  - Information Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Practitioner
KW  - Nurse Practitioners
KW  - Organizational Case Studies
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Primary Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Recording
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - State Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - State Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 245
EP  - 249
JF  - Quality in Health Care
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate an information service in which a "clinical informaticist" (a GP with training in evidence-based medicine) provided evidence-based answers to questions posed by GPs and nurse practitioners. DESIGN: Descriptive pilot study with systematic recording of the process involved in searching for and critically appraising literature. Evaluation by questionnaire and semi-structured interview. SETTING: General practice. PARTICIPANTS: 34 clinicians from two London primary care groups (Fulham and Hammersmith). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number and origin of questions; process and time involved in producing summaries; satisfaction with the service. RESULTS: All 100 clinicians in two primary care groups were approached. Thirty four agreed to participate, of whom 22 asked 60 questions over 10 months. Participants were highly satisfied with the summaries they received. For one third of questions the clinicians stated they would change practice in the index patient, and for 55% the participants stated they would change practice in other patients. Answering questions thoroughly was time consuming (median 130 minutes). The median turnaround time was 9 days; 82% of questions were answered within the timeframe specified by the questioner. Without the informaticist, one third of questions would not have been pursued. CONCLUSION: The clinical informaticist service increased access to evidence for busy clinicians. Satisfaction was high among users and clinicians stated that changes in practice would occur. However, uptake of the service was lower than expected (22% of those offered the service). Further research is needed into how this method of increasing access to evidence compares with other strategies, and whether it results in improved health outcomes for patients
SN  - 0963-8172
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 898
T1  - Introduction of evidence-based medicine into an ambulatory clinical clerkship
A1  - Thomas,P.A.
A1  - Cofrancesco,J.,Jr.
Y1  - 2001/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11318925 IN - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. pathomas@welch.jhu.edu AS - J Gen Intern Med. 16(4):244-9, 2001 Apr JC - jgi, 8605834 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Clerkship/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Ambulatory Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - Clinical Clerkship/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - competency
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pain
KW  - practice
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 244
EP  - 249
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has emerged has a critical clinical competency in the 21st century. Medical schools usually introduce students to critical appraisal in the preclinical years, but there have been few evaluated interventions in teaching EBM in the clinical years. We describe a strategy to encourage students to practice EBM during a required ambulatory medicine clerkship. During this clerkship, our students are required to submit an EBM report, which is prompted by an individual case, and structured with a 5-step approach. One small-group session is devoted to modeling this approach with a case of chest pain. Using a checklist to grade 216 consecutive EBM reports, we found that students were quite successful with the exercise, achieving on average 89.6% of possible checklist points. Students who followed the structure of the exercise closely were more likely to extend their discussions beyond that required and to suggest potential further areas of investigation or design
SN  - 0884-8734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 899
T1  - Journal provision and the prevalence of journal clubs: a survey of physiotherapy departments in England and Australia
A1  - Turner,P.
A1  - Mjolne,I.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11725597 IN - School of Health, University of Teesside, UK AS - Physiother Res Int. 6(3):157-69, 2001 JC - 9612022, cws SB - IM CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Physical Therapy Modalities/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/td [Trends]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Departments
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Inservice Training
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Physical Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Physical Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Physical Therapy Modalities/td [Trends]
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Total Quality Management
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 169
JF  - Physiotherapy Research International
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Evidence-based journal clubs can promote evidence-based practice and continuing professional development (CPD). Although studies have evaluated the impact of journal clubs in medical and nursing departments, there is little information concerning journal clubs or journal provision in physiotherapy departments. The present survey was conducted to address this deficit. METHOD: A postal questionnaire, designed to ascertain the type and extent of journal provision, and prevalence and attributes of journal clubs in physiotherapy departments, was distributed to physiotherapy managers in 150 facilities in England and in south-east Australia. Sixty-two per cent of facilities approached in England and 55% of those approached in Australia responded to the survey. RESULTS: The provision of journals in physiotherapy departments was limited, and alternative access to physiotherapy journals was generally poor. Certain facilities were innovative in providing additional journal literature for physiotherapy staff. Physiotherapy journal clubs existed in 42% of responding facilities in England and 18% of those surveyed in Australia. Several facilities provided alternative forms of journal review as part of in-service training. Relatively few journal clubs utilized a 'problem-based' format, which fosters the teaching of critical appraisal skills. Evidence of enthusiasm emerged in some facilities, but in contrast, barriers and a degree of apathy were also revealed in others. CONCLUSIONS: Physiotherapy managers, hospital administrators and academic institutions should jointly agree a strategy to both promote evidence-based journal clubs and to facilitate journal provision within physiotherapy departments
SN  - 1358-2267
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 900
T1  - Understanding evidence-based medicine: a primer. [Review] [16 refs]
A1  - Williams,J.K.
Y1  - 2001/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11518879 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33606, USA. jkwillia@hsc.usf.edu AS - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 185(2):275-8, 2001 Aug JC - 3ni, 0370476 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Causality
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Confounding
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Disease/et [Etiology]
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Florida
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 278
JF  - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.Vol.191(1)()(pp 36-44), 2004.
J1  - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
VL  - 185
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidenced-based medicine is the concept of formalizing the scientific approach to the practice of medicine for identification of "evidence" to support our clinical decisions. It requires an understanding of critical appraisal and the basic epidemiologic principles of study design, point estimates, relative risk, odds ratios, confidence intervals, bias, and confounding. By using this information, clinicians can categorize evidence, assess causality, and make evidence-based recommendations. Evidence-based medicine allows analysis of complicated material so that we can make the best possible clinical decisions for the populations we serve. [References: 16]
SN  - 0002-9378
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 901
T1  - The Patient Informatics Consult Service (PICS): an approach for a patient-centered service
A1  - Williams,M.D.
A1  - Gish,K.W.
A1  - Giuse,N.B.
A1  - Sathe,N.A.
A1  - Carrell,D.L.
Y1  - 2001/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11337950 IN - Annette and Irwin Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8340, USA AS - Bull Med Libr Assoc. 89(2):185-93, 2001 Apr JC - bow, 0421037 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Information Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Patient Education/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Patient-Centered Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Referral and Consultation/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communication
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Consumer Health Information
KW  - Drug Information Services/is [Instrumentation]
KW  - Drug Information Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Feedback
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Research
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 185
EP  - 193
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
N2  - The Patient Informatics Consult Service (PICS) at the Eskind Biomedical Library at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) provides patients with consumer-friendly information by using an information prescription mechanism. Clinicians refer patients to the PICS by completing the prescription and noting the patient's condition and any relevant factors. In response, PICS librarians critically appraise and summarize consumer-friendly materials into a targeted information report. Copies of the report are given to both patient and clinician, thus facilitating doctor-patient communication and closing the clinician-librarian feedback loop. Moreover, the prescription form also circumvents many of the usual barriers for patients in locating information, namely, patients' unfamiliarity with medical terminology and lack of knowledge of authoritative sources. PICS librarians capture the time and expertise put into these reports by creating Web-based pathfinders on prescription topics. Pathfinders contain librarian-created disease overviews and links to authoritative resources and seek to minimize the consumer's exposure to unreliable information. Pathfinders also adhere to strict guidelines that act as a model for locating, appraising, and summarizing information for consumers. These mechanisms--the information prescription, research reports, and pathfinders--serve as steps toward the long-term goal of full integration of consumer health information into patient care at VUMC
SN  - 0025-7338
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 902
T1  - Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test: a critical literature review 630
A1  - Craven,O.
Y1  - 2001/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 12849620 IN - Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. olive@holmefield.worldonline.co.uk AS - EUR J ONCOL NURS. 5(4):234-43, 2001 Dec JC - 100885136 CP - Scotland PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Occult Blood
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Screening
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 243
JF  - European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2004 Sep; 8(3): 245-56.(48 ref)
J1  - European Journal of Oncology Nursing
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem whose outcome is crucially dependent on the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Consequently, early detection of CRC by mass population screening is the subject of much international research and debate. A critical literature review was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of faecal occult blood (FOB) testing in CRC screening. Four issues were addressed: an appraisal of available FOB tests, their impact on CRC mortality, the appropriate screening interval and the factors influencing public compliance with FOB screening. A computerized literature search was conducted, supplemented by cross-referencing and hand searching. Forty studies which fulfilled pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were appraised. A thorough assessment of methodology, combined with an applied hierarchy of evidence, resulted in the selection of 22 studies for review. The evidence from this review is that no single (currently used) FOB test provides optimal screening performance, that biennial FOB screening reduces CRC mortality by between 6-18%, that there is a small advantage in annual screening and that better dissemination of information can improve compliance rates. An appreciation of the current evidence and issues surrounding CRC screening is important to nurses in their capacity as health promoters and educators. Definitive answers to many important questions regarding FOB screening for CRC do not currently exist. Before the concept of a national screening programme could be supported, further research is needed, the key elements of which must include the assessment of more sensitive and specific FOB tests and the promotion of population compliance
SN  - 1462-3889
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 903
T1  - Evidence-based medicine 566
A1  - Mansoor,I.
Y1  - 2001/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 11426236 IN - Department of Histopathology, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia AS - Saudi Med J. 22(6):481-5, 2001 Jun JC - dyw, 7909441 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Histopathology
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 481
EP  - 485
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is one of the recently born explosively growing important issues, whose philosophical origins extend back to mid-19th century and remains a hot topic for clinicians, public health practioners, purchasers, planners, and the public. Evidence-based health care has extended the application of the prinicples of evidence-based medicine to all professions associated with health care, including purchasing and management. So it is important for the up and coming young doctors and clinicians, and even other health care professions, to gain knowledge of critical appraisal and experience in the practice of evidence-based health care. This article gives a brief description of what evidence-based medicine is and how to practice evidence-based medicine and enlists some useful Internet sites that can provide assistance in understanding the subject in even greater detail
SN  - 0379-5284
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 904
T1  - Behavior treatment programs, readability, and treatment outcomes
A1  - Adkins,A.D.
A1  - Singh,N.N.
A1  - McKeegan,G.F.
A1  - Lanier,A.E.
A1  - Oswald,D.P.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12365850 IN - Western State Hospital, Staunton, VA, USA AS - Res Dev Disabil. 23(4):253-65, 2002 Jul-Aug JC - 8709782, rid SB - IM CP - United States PT - Case Reports PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Behavior Therapy/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education of Mentally Retarded
KW  - *Mental Retardation/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Social Behavior Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - Aggression/px [Psychology]
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - College
KW  - data
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Reading
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 265
JF  - Research in Developmental Disabilities
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - Reading grade level and readability are rarely considered as important variables in the implementation and outcome of behavior treatment plans. In the first of two studies, we analyzed the reading level and readability of 20 behavior treatment plans developed by certified behavior analysts. We found that the behavior plans were written at college reading level-well above the reading level of the average frontline staff member. On a test of readability, none of the behavior plans met criterion on all 12 critical readability variables. To test if there was a correlation suggestive of a relationship among reading grade level, readability, and treatment outcomes, we divided the behavior treatment plans into two groups; 10 that had relatively high readability levels and 10 that had relatively low readability levels. A comparison of the two groups indicated that the average reading level of the behavior plans in both groups was about the same, and the higher readability had somewhat better treatment outcomes. In the second study, we used a multiple baseline design across four individuals to directly assess the effects of manipulating reading grade level and readability of behavior treatment plans on treatment outcomes. Results showed that these manipulations greatly enhanced treatment outcomes of all four individuals. Our data suggest that reading grade level and readability of behavior treatment plans are important variables that directly affect treatment outcomes
SN  - 0891-4222
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 905
T1  - The place of evidence-based medicine among primary health care physicians in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia
A1  - Al-Ansary,L.A.
A1  - Khoja,T.A.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12356709 IN - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. lansari@ksu.edu.sa AS - Fam Pract. 19(5):537-42, 2002 Oct JC - 8500875, fam SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - *Primary Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 537
EP  - 542
JF  - Family Practice.Vol.20(5)()(pp 601-606), 2003.
J1  - Family Practice
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a style of practice in which doctors manage problems by reference to valid and relevant information. Unfortunately, research consistently has shown that clinical decisions rarely are based on the best available evidence. Since primary care is the essential foundation in effective health care systems, it follows that providing evidence-based primary care would reflect positively on the community's health. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to explore the awareness and the attitude of primary health care physicians (PHCPs) towards evidence-based medicine (EBM) and determine their related educational needs. METHODS: A questionnaire study was carried out of all 650 PHCPs practising at the Ministry of Health Primary Health Care Centres in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Main outcome measures were respondents' attitude towards EBM, ability to access and interpret evidence, perceived barriers to practising EBM and the best method of moving from opinion-based medicine to EBM. RESULTS: Respondents (n = 559) mainly welcomed EBM and agreed that its practice improves patient care. They had a low level of awareness of extracting journals, review publications and databases, and even if aware, many did not use them. The most commonly read journals by the PHCPs were The Practitioner and Medicine Digest. Only 16% had access to bibliographic databases and 10% to the worldwide web. The respondents showed a partial understanding of the technical terms used in EBM. The major perceived barriers to practising EBM were patient overload and lack of personal time. Respondents thought that the most appropriate way to move towards EBM was by learning the skills of EBM (43%), followed by using evidence-based guidelines developed by colleagues (37%). CONCLUSIONS: Efforts towards improving access to evidence-based guidelines and summaries are urgently needed. Teaching all the PHCPs literature searching and critical appraisal skills by feasible and friendly methods should be considered
SN  - 0263-2136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 906
T1  - [Usefulness of clinical pathway for community-acquired pneumonia as both an educational and a cost-management tool--an intervention study to compare the usefulness of management with a critical pathway to historical control of conventional management]. [Japanese]
A1  - Aoshima,M.
A1  - Satoh,T.
A1  - Uchiyama,N.
A1  - Chonabayashi,N.
Y1  - 2002/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12428392 IN - Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan AS - Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 40(8):644-52, 2002 Aug JC - 9808802, c33, 9808802 SB - IM CP - Japan PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Japanese
KW  - *Case Management
KW  - *Community-Acquired Infections/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Cost Control
KW  - *Critical Pathways
KW  - *Pneumonia,Bacterial/th [Therapy]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Antimicrobial Therapy
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - Diet
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Readmission
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 644
EP  - 652
JF  - Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi
VL  - 40
IS  - 8
N2  - To delineate the usefulness of a clinical pathway for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) as an educational tool as well as a cost management tool, we conducted a prospective controlled trial including a historical control group. Consecutive CAP patients classified under Category 3 of the American Thoracic Society and admitted to our hospital were evaluated. Using the clinical pathway method, 42 patients were managed between April and December 2000 as the intervention group, and 33 patients received conventional management between April and December 1999 as a historical control. For the intervention group, the clinical pathway, which was a time-task matrix formatted with consideration for guidance for disease treatment, laboratory tests, physical examinations, oxygen saturation monitoring, ambulation, diet, education for the patient and clinical outcomes, was implemented. We determined (1) educational effect, measured using reduction of delay caused by physicians; (2) quality of clinical practice, measured using the success rate of the initial antimicrobial therapy and readmission rate; and (3) economic efficacy, measured using health care cost and length of hospital stay. The delay caused by physicians was reduced by 16% in the Intervention Group (5% vs. 21%; p = 0.045). The success rates of initial antimicrobial therapy in the two groups were similar (85.7% vs. 84.8%). In the intention-to-treat set, the median value of health care cost was reduced by yen 48,055 (yen 277,460 vs. yen 325,515; p = 0.017) and the median length of a hospital stay was shortened by 3 days (8 vs. 11 days; p = 0.0007) in the Intervention Group. In conclusion, the clinical pathway had an educational effect on physicians regarding the management of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia as well as on the cost management
SN  - 1343-3490
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 907
T1  - [Educational memory and context of educational concepts--experience derived from nursing graduation]. [Portuguese]
A1  - Bagnato,M.H.
A1  - Cocco,M.I.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12817399 IN - Laboratorio de Estudos e Pesquisas em Praticas de Educacao e Saude, Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade Estadual de Campinas OT - Memoria educativa e a tessitura de conceitos educacionais--experiencia vivenciada na licenciatura em enfermagem AS - Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 10(3):439-45, 2002 May-Jun JC - bxx, 9420934 SB - N CP - Brazil PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Faculty,Nursing
KW  - *Licensure,Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Theory
KW  - Article
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Conception
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - journal
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Memory
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - representation
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 439
EP  - 445
JF  - Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
N2  - The study reports the experience of a Teaching Diploma in Nursing Course, considering the incorporation and problematization of the memory concerning the students. It is based on the representations and meanings of the students' educative experiences, through reflection processes and readings, enabling the appearance of other tessituras regarding educational concepts as well as permitting the elaboration of other conceptions about work, man, society and education. This proposal shows a viable and significant way to develop a better understanding and to deepen experienced concepts, reconstructing them in their political, social and cultural relations and enabling a critical reflection as well as changes in professional practice
SN  - 0104-1169
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 908
T1  - Are pacifiers associated with early weaning from breastfeeding?
A1  - Benis,M.M.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12881939 IN - Department of Pediatrics, Vermont Children's Hospital, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT, USA. marilyn.benis@vtmednet.org AS - ADV NEONAT CARE. 2(5):259-66, 2002 Oct JC - 101125644 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Breast Feeding/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Pacifiers/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Weaning
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Crying
KW  - data
KW  - Device
KW  - English
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Information
KW  - Intention
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Vermont
KW  - Weaning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 266
JF  - Advances in Neonatal Care
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: The pacifier, a non-nutritive sucking device, is commonly used for calming infants. The World Health Organization/United Nation's Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative recommends avoiding pacifiers in breastfed term infants because it is thought to lead to early weaning. Most studies that found early weaning to be associated with pacifier use were observational in design. This Critically Appraised Topic evaluates a randomized controlled trial that examines pacifiers and early weaning. PURPOSE: The objectives of the study analyzed were to test whether regular pacifier use has a causal effect on early weaning from the breast by 3 months of age and to assess the difference in results when the data are examined using randomized intervention allocation (intention to treat) versus observational use of pacifiers. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-one breastfeeding women and their healthy term infants were allocated randomly to 1 of 2 counseling interventions. Both groups received basic breastfeeding promotion information. In addition, the experimental group mothers (n = 140) were asked to avoid pacifiers and were given other alternatives for comforting a crying infant. Logs detailing infant crying, fussing, and pacifier use were completed at 4, 6, and 9 weeks of age, and an interview at 3 months determined the duration of breastfeeding. RESULTS: The experimental group had a higher rate of total avoidance of pacifier use (38.6% v 16% in the control group) and less daily use of pacifiers (40.8% v 55.7%). When the data were analyzed based on the intention to treat (randomized allocation), the experimental intervention group had similar rates of early weaning as the control group (18.9% v 18.3%). When the data were analyzed on the treatment given (ignoring randomization), a strong observational association was found between daily exposure to pacifiers and weaning by 3 months (25% v 12.9% of exposed versus unexposed groups). CONCLUSION: The results imply that pacifier use may be a marker of breastfeeding difficulties or decreased maternal motivation to breastfeed, as opposed to being the causal agent in early weaning
SN  - 1536-0903
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 909
T1  - Efficacy of sucrose as analgesia for procedural pain in neonates
A1  - Benis,M.M.
Y1  - 2002/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12881929 IN - Department of Pediatrics, Vermont Children's Hospital, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT, USA. msbenis@aol.com AS - ADV NEONAT CARE. 2(2):93-100, 2002 Apr JC - 101125644 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis LG - English
KW  - *Analgesia/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Pain/et [Etiology]
KW  - *Pain/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Phlebotomy/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - *Sucrose/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - 57-50-1 (Sucrose)
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Crying
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Neonatal Nursing/mt [Methods]
KW  - Neonatal Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nursing Evaluation Research
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Measurement
KW  - Pain/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Study
KW  - Sucrose
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Vermont
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 100
JF  - Advances in Neonatal Care
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Most infants experience painful procedures during their first days. Minimization of pain to decrease noxious effects is warranted. This Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) evaluates a meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined sucrose as analgesia for neonatal procedural pain. PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and optimal dosing of sucrose for neonatal procedural pain. METHODS: A literature search identified 5 studies that met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, for a total of 271 infants studied. The primary outcome measure was crying time, measured for 3 minutes after a painful procedure following administration of water or varying doses of sucrose. RESULTS: There was no difference in crying time between the 0.18 g sucrose and water groups (P > 0.05), but crying time was significantly less in the other sucrose groups. Doses of at least 0.24 g (2 mL 12% sucrose) were found to be most effective. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This CAT systematically appraises this meta-analysis, provides clinical bottom lines, and includes recommendations for practice
SN  - 1536-0903
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 910
T1  - Qualitative review of intensive care unit quality indicators.[see comment]. [Review] [90 refs]
A1  - Berenholtz,S.M.
A1  - Dorman,T.
A1  - Ngo,K.
A1  - Pronovost,P.J.
Y1  - 2002/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12040543 IN - Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine and Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA CM - Comment in: J Crit Care. 2002 Mar;17(1):12-5; PMID: 12040544 AS - J Crit Care. 17(1):1-12, 2002 Mar JC - buy, 8610642 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Intensive Care Units/st [Standards]
KW  - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - *Quality Indicators,Health Care
KW  - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists)
KW  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Blood Transfusion
KW  - Blood Transfusion/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - definition
KW  - Drug Utilization Review
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital Costs
KW  - Hospital Mortality
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Infection
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Intensive Care Units/ec [Economics]
KW  - intervention
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Readmission
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Sedation
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - United States
KW  - United States/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Venous Thrombosis/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
JF  - Journal of Critical Care
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to (1) conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify interventions that improve patient outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU); (2) evaluate potential measures of quality based on the impact, feasibility, variability, and the strength of evidence to support each measure and to categorize these measures as outcome, process, access, or complication measures; and (3) select a list of candidate quality measures that can be broadly applied to improve ICU care. METHODS: We identified and independently reviewed all studies in Medline (1965-2000) and The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2001) that met the following criteria: design: observational studies, experimental trials, or systematic reviews; population: critically ill adults; and intervention: process or structure measure that was associated with improved patient outcomes: morbidity, mortality, complications, errors, costs, length of stay (LOS), and patient reported outcomes. Studies were grouped into categories by the type of outcome that was improved by the intervention. Potential quality measures were evaluated for: impact on morbidity, mortality, and costs; feasibility of the measure; and variability in the measure. We evaluated the strength of evidence for each intervention used to improve outcomes and using the Delphi method, assigned an over-all recommendation for each quality measure. RESULTS: A total of 3,014 citations were identified. Sixty-six studies that met selection criteria reported on a variety of interventions that were associated with improved patient outcomes. We identified 6 outcome measures: ICU mortality rate, ICU LOS greater than 7 days, average ICU LOS, average days on mechanical ventilation, suboptimal management of pain, and patient/family satisfaction; 6 process measures: effective assessment of pain, appropriate use of blood transfusions, prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, appropriate sedation, appropriate peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis, and appropriate deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis; 4 access measures: rate of delayed admissions, rate of delayed discharges, cancelled surgical cases, and emergency department by-pass hours; and 3 complication measures: rate of unplanned ICU readmission, rate of catheter-related blood stream infections, and rate of resistant infections. CONCLUSIONS: Further work is needed to create operational definitions and to pilot test the selected measures.The value of these measures will be determined by our ability to evaluate our current performance and implement interventions designed to improve the quality of ICU care. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. [References: 90]
SN  - 0883-9441
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 911
T1  - Read all about it: the over-representation of breast cancer in popular magazines
A1  - Blanchard,D.
A1  - Erblich,J.
A1  - Montgomery,G.H.
A1  - Bovbjerg,D.H.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12453711 IN - Biobehavioral Medicine Program, Ruttenburg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA AS - Prev Med. 35(4):343-8, 2002 Oct JC - pm4, 0322116 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - R01-CA72457 (NCI) LG - English
KW  - *Bibliometrics
KW  - *Breast Neoplasms
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Women's Health
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Breast Neoplasms/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Breast Neoplasms/px [Psychology]
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Copyright
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Health Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Magazines
KW  - media
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Perception
KW  - play
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - United States/ep [Epidemiology]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 343
EP  - 348
JF  - Preventive Medicine
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: While women are far more likely to develop and die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than breast cancer, research has shown that they markedly overestimate their personal risks of breast cancer and underestimate their CVD risks. The source of this disparity is not yet known, although increased media attention to breast cancer relative to CVD has been suggested to play a role. The purpose of the present study was to provide a first critical test of this possibility. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) the number of breast cancer articles would be greater than the number of CVD articles; and (b) this disparity in coverage would increase over the years. METHODS: A web-based search engine was used to quantify all breast cancer and cardiovascular disease articles (keyword search) in 73 popular magazines on a annual basis for a 10-year interval (1990-1999). RESULTS: Consistent with study hypotheses, breast cancer articles outnumbered CVD articles, and this disparity widened over the years (P < 0.0001). This disparity was not limited to specific magazine categories (e.g., women's interest). CONCLUSIONS: Over-representation of breast cancer vis-a-vis CVD is pervasive in popular magazines. Future research should investigate how such disparities in the media may influence risk perceptions, adoption of preventive health behaviors, and compliance with screening guidelines. Copyright 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA)
SN  - 0091-7435
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 912
T1  - From EBM to EBL: two steps forward or one step back?
A1  - Booth,A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12238016 IN - School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, U.K. A.Booth@sheffield.ac.uk AS - Med Ref Serv Q. 21(3):51-64, 2002 JC - mrs, 8219208 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Libraries,Medical
KW  - *Library Science/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - The author employs his vantage point as a contributor to Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) and Evidence-based Librarianship (EBL) in the United Kingdom to anticipate obstacles to be overcome by the emerging EBL paradigm. After reviewing and synthesizing three proto-definitions of EBL, he discusses issues around the potential domains to be populated by research findings. He then briefly considers the contribution that critical appraisal skills can make to an evidence-based profession. In concluding that "evidence-based librarianship" is a self-limiting "label," he encourages health information professionals instead to promote the contribution of librarianship to evidence-based practice, a role for which they are uniquely qualified
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 913
T1  - Readiness for orthognathic surgery: a survey of practitioner opinion
A1  - Cain,K.K.
A1  - Rugh,J.D.
A1  - Hatch,J.P.
A1  - Hurst,C.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11934058 IN - Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78240-7910, USA. caink@uthscsa.edu AS - Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 17(1):7-11, 2002 JC - inj, 8610335 SB - D CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - DE09630 (NIDCR) LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Malocclusion,Angle Class II/su [Surgery]
KW  - *Orthodontics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Cuspid/pa [Pathology]
KW  - Dental Arch/pa [Pathology]
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incisor/pa [Pathology]
KW  - journal
KW  - Malocclusion,Angle Class II/cl [Classification]
KW  - Malocclusion,Angle Class II/pa [Pathology]
KW  - Mandible
KW  - Mandibular Advancement
KW  - Maxilla
KW  - Open Bite/cl [Classification]
KW  - Open Bite/su [Surgery]
KW  - Orthodontics
KW  - Orthodontics/ed [Education]
KW  - Puerto Rico
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Texas
KW  - Tooth Eruption
KW  - Torque
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 11
JF  - International Journal of Adult Orthodontics & Orthognathic Surgery
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
N2  - The purpose of this study was to determine if a general consensus exists among orthodontists regarding the features of an adequate presurgical setup. A questionnaire was developed to assess the importance of 12 criteria for surgical readiness. Each criterion was rated on a 5-point scale (1 = Unimportant, 5 = Critical). This questionnaire was sent to 104 randomly selected, board-certified orthodontists in the United States and Puerto Rico. Usable questionnaires were returned by 57 respondents (55% response rate). The highest and most consistent ratings were given for Arch Compatibility in the transverse dimension (mean = 4.66, SD = 0.55), Crossbite (mean = 4.57, SD = 0.63), and Torque of the Anterior Teeth (mean = 4.38, SD = 0.73). Further analysis showed a correlation between surgical experience of the orthodontist and a higher rating of importance for Torque of the Mandibular Teeth (Spearman r = 0.38), Torque of the Maxillary Teeth (Spearman r = 0.37), and Torque of the Anterior Teeth (Spearman r = 0.28). These results suggest that as orthodontists gain surgical experience, they attribute more importance to correcting the torque of the teeth. Also, the relatively large differences in opinion regarding presurgery orthodontic setup support a need for further research and/or educational effort regarding what criteria are important before surgery
SN  - 0742-1931
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 914
T1  - Critical appraisal of prognostic evidence: practical rules
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12369178 IN - Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 21(7-8):891-900, 2002 Jul-Aug JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Journal Article LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Heart Diseases/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cardiologist
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Care
KW  - questioning
KW  - Screening
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 891
EP  - 900
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 21
IS  - 7-8
N2  - Prognosis constitutes the possible outcomes of a disease and the frequency with which they can be expected to occur. The need for prognostic determination in cardiology may arise from the patient's questioning ("What is going to happen to me?"), or from the cardiologist himself trying to decide on therapy (what should be done with an NYHA class IV patient with congestive heart failure refractory to treatment, if he has a cardiac arrest?), or on screening (what is the clinical evolution of an asymptomatic 5-cm diameter abdominal aortic aneurysm?). Prognosis is also important in making inferences about quality of care, when comparing outcomes in populations from different contexts and institutions. In order to establish an accurate prognosis in a specific patient, one has to examine the clinical evolution of groups of patients with the same disease (stroke, for example), refining this process by inclusion of the patient in specific subgroups defined by, for example, age (young patients fare better than old ones), clinical variables (hemorrhagic versus thrombotic stroke) or existing comorbidities (hypertensive patients have a worse outcome). In this article we discuss the guidelines for critical appraisal of a prognostic study, in terms of the validity, importance and applicability of its results
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 915
T1  - Incorporation of evidence-based principles in baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate degree dental hygiene programs. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Chichester,S.R.
A1  - Wilder,R.S.
A1  - Mann,G.B.
A1  - Neal,E.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11935933 IN - Faculty Development, Center for Teaching and Learning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA AS - J Dent Hyg. 76(1):60-6, 2002 JC - jdh, 8902616 SB - D CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dental Hygienists/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/ut [Utilization]
KW  - instruction
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Responses
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 60
EP  - 66
JF  - Journal of Dental Hygiene.2006 Jan; 80(1): 1p.
J1  - Journal of Dental Hygiene
VL  - 76
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the curricular utilization of Evidence-Based (EB) philosophies in dental hygiene education in both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate U.S. dental hygiene programs. METHODS: Data were gathered via a 1999 survey of all 235 U.S. dental hygiene program directors. The 21-question survey included one open-ended and 20 closed-ended items. Initially, the survey was pilot tested using a convenience sample of seven U.S. dental hygiene program directors. A final, revised survey was mailed to the cohort population. A response rate of 71% (N = 167) was achieved after two mailings. RESULTS: The demographic results of this study revealed the majority of respondents (77%) were from nonbaccalaureate dental hygiene programs, while the remainder (23%) were from baccalaureate degree programs. Respondents were asked if and to what degree the fundamentals of research were taught in their curriculum. Baccalaureate programs' responses indicated a much greater degree of utilization. Sixty-two percent of baccalaureate respondents provide a separate course on research, and 32% teach research as a portion of another dental hygiene course. However, 3% of the responding baccalaureate programs reported that no research was included in the curriculum. These results demonstrate an overall high utilization of research by baccalaureate curricula. In comparison, nonbaccalaureate programs' responses show a lesser degree of research utilization when compared with the baccalaureate programs. Only 8% of nonbaccalaureate programs had a separate research course. The majority, 80%, of nonbaccalaureate respondents reported that they teach research as a portion of another dental hygiene course. Finally, 10% of the nonbaccalaureate degree respondents reported teaching no research. Overwhelmingly, both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate students received formal orientation in the use of library--100% and 84%, respectively. Ninety-seven percent of baccalaureate and 82% of nonbaccalaureate programs provided students with formal instruction in using both literature indices and databases. To a lesser extent, both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate programs introduced students to the Internet and encouraged them to use it for conducting literature searches--83% and 78%, respectively. In fact, seventy-four percent of baccalaureate programs and 68% of nonbaccalaureate programs reported formally teaching the evaluation of information retrieved from the Internet. Both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate programs similarly indicated teaching the evaluation of research findings for validity, reliability, and clinical importance. To a lesser extent, 86% of baccalaureate and 61% of nonbaccalaureate programs reported that they encourage students to make EB recommendations to patients and teach students how to apply EB findings to clinical situations. CONCLUSION: The findings of this descriptive study indicate both baccalaureate and nonbaccalaureate degree programs incorporate some aspects of an EB philosophy into the curriculum. Survey results reveal baccalaureate degree programs incorporated research and taught the use of library facilities, journal indices, and electronic databases. In addition, baccalaureate degree programs also emphasized and encouraged the application of critically appraised evidence into practice. The nonbaccalaureate respondents utilized the library facilities, journal indices, and electronic databases to a slightly lesser extent than their baccalaureate counterparts. The nonbaccalaureate respondents also demonstrated less application of EB findings to clinical situations, including actual patient treatment. [References: 12]
SN  - 1043-254X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 916
T1  - Improving residents' interviewing skills by group videotape review
A1  - Chou,C.
A1  - Lee,K.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12114164 IN - San Francisco Veterans' Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, 94121, USA. cchou@itsa.ucsf.edu AS - Acad Med. 77(7):744, 2002 Jul JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Interviews
KW  - *Videotape Recording
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communication
KW  - conflict
KW  - Cross Cultural Communication
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Members
KW  - Feedback
KW  - form
KW  - Goals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Substance Abuse
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 744
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Internal medicine residency training programs typically emphasize biomedical learning, but relatively few provide opportunities for residents to improve outpatient interviewing skills or to address challenging patient encounters. Even fewer programs provide resources to assess patient-resident relationship skills. To address these issues, we developed a curriculum that is designed to enhance patient-centered interviewing techniques in residents. DESCRIPTION: At the UCSF-VA PRIME residency program, interns on ambulatory block attend three didactic sessions that introduce basic medical interviewing techniques, including elicitation of patient concerns and mutual agenda setting, biopsychosocial interviewing, and conflict resolution in the patient-physician relationship. These sessions are taught using role-play exercises and interactive, case-based discussions. Second- and third-year residents on ambulatory block participate in an ongoing small-group seminar in which they present videotapes of their interviews with patients. To make these tapes, residents arrange to see patients in a clinic room where a videotape recorder is mounted on the wall. Patients who consent to be videotaped complete a form stating that the tapes are to be used solely for educational purposes. Twice a year, each of our 16 residents selects one encounter that highlights personal learning goals related to interviewing and presents those learning goals with associated videotape clips in a 90-minute seminar. Each seminar is devoted to two residents, who facilitate a discussion of the effectiveness of the interview and solicit feedback about potential methods for improvement. DISCUSSION: When the seminars were originally developed, we anticipated that this innovative combination of traditional individual videotape review with small-group learning would encourage self-directed learning. Indeed, over the last three years, residents have become more confident with their interviewing capabilities and less self-conscious about showing their own videotaped interviews. As a result, the seminars have unexpectedly evolved into a highly sophisticated series of learning modules, in which residents seek their most challenging patient encounters to videotape and show to the group. Residents have presented complicated scenarios involving critical patient-physician conflicts, somatizing patients, cross-cultural communication difficulties, overzealous family members, patients with substance abuse, and bad-news interviews. These dilemmas represent fundamental management challenges that are difficult to discuss in a more didactic format, and the immediate case-based nature of the interviews makes these often-emotional issues come alive. The group videotape reviews also give residents opportunities to reflect on their own interviewing encounters, to observe other interviewing styles and techniques, and to provide support to their fellow residents after particularly emotional interviews. An ancillary benefit of these exercises is that we have now developed a library of challenging interviews, which are easily accessible for further teaching seminars. Our residents consider this learning experience to be one of the most positive of their residency and valuable for their professional development. Residents report that this small-group seminar series has markedly improved their communication with patients, and they now clamor for the opportunity to present interviewing dilemmas. We believe that similar curricula can be readily instituted at other residency programs
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 917
T1  - Congruence or conflict? Challenges in implementing problem-based learning across nursing cultures
A1  - Conway,J.
A1  - Little,P.
A1  - McMillan,M.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12225349 IN - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Problem-Based Learning Assessment and Research Centre, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia. jane.conway@newcastle.edu.au AS - Int J Nurs Pract. 8(5):235-9, 2002 Oct JC - CVU, 9613615 SB - N CP - Australia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Education,Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - conflict
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - Education/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Education
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Needs
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Paper
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - strategies
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 235
EP  - 239
JF  - International Journal of Nursing Practice
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
N2  - Using the "real-life" situation of delivering an Australian nursing curriculum in the Maldives, this paper argues that successful offshore delivery requires far more than simply implementing an existing programme on a different site. In health education, cultural and contextual circumstances necessitate a critical appraisal of the needs of the community and the corresponding attributes of those who provide health-care services. This means designing programmes that are process oriented and easily adapted to different circumstances, and a commitment to maintaining effective communication systems. Although it would seem that problem-based learning (PBL) provides the framework for a process-oriented, learner-centred curriculum, the paper raises questions about how universally relevant the processes embedded in PBL are and describes concerns about the intent and purpose of nominating PBL as the preferred instructional strategy for cross-cultural projects
SN  - 1322-7114
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 918
T1  - Developing critical appraisal skills using a review of the evidence for postpartum debriefing. [Review] [40 refs]
A1  - Creedy,D.K.
A1  - Horsfall,J.
A1  - Gamble,J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12593242 IN - Faculty of Nursing & Health, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane AS - Aust J Midwifery. 15(4):3-9, 2002 JC - 101096027, 101096027 SB - N CP - Australia PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nurse Midwives/st [Standards]
KW  - *Postnatal Care/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Depression,Postpartum/nu [Nursing]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse Midwives/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Peer Review,Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Stress,Psychological/px [Psychology]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 9
JF  - Australian Journal of Midwifery: Professional Journal of the Australian College of Midwives Incorporated
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SN  - 1445-4386
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 919
T1  - In search of evidence: family practitioners' use of the Internet for clinical information
A1  - Cullen,R.J.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12398243 IN - School of Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. rowena.cullen@vuw.ac.nz AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 90(4):370-9, 2002 Oct JC - 101132728 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Family Practice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Internet/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude to Computers
KW  - College
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - Consultation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Gender
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - MEDLINE/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Rare Disease
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Skill
KW  - Structured Interview
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 370
EP  - 379
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 90
IS  - 4
N2  - PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the extent of use of the Internet for clinical information among family practitioners in New Zealand, their skills in accessing and evaluating this information, and the ways they dealt with patient use of information from the Internet. METHOD: A random sample of members of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners was surveyed to determine their use of the Internet as an information source and their access to MEDLINE. They were asked how they evaluated and applied the retrieved information and what they knew about their patients' use of the Internet. Structured interviews with twelve participants focused in more depth on issues such as the physicians' skills in using MEDLINE and in evaluating retrieved material, their searches for evidence-based information, their understanding of critical appraisal, their patients' use of the Internet, and the ways they handle this use. RESULTS: More than 80% (294/363) of members in the sample completed and returned the questionnaire. Of these, 48.6% reported that they used the Internet to look for clinical information. Gender and age were more significant in determining use than practice type or location. Information was primarily sought on rare diseases, updates on common diseases, diagnosis, and information for patients. MEDLINE was the most frequently accessed source. Search skills were basic, and abstracts were commonly used if the full text of an item was not readily available. Most reported that up to 10% of patients bring information from the Internet to consultations. Both Internet users and non-Internet users encouraged patients to search the Web. Internet users were more likely to recommend specific sites. CONCLUSIONS: Practitioners urgently need training in searching and evaluating information on the Internet and in identifying and applying evidence-based information. Portals to provide access to high-quality, evidence-based clinical and patient information are needed along with access to the full text of relevant items
SN  - 1536-5050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 920
T1  - Graduates' evaluation of a postgraduate diploma course in family medicine
A1  - Dickinson,J.A.
A1  - Chan,C.S.
A1  - Wun,Y.T.
A1  - Tsang,K.W.
Y1  - 2002/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12110565 IN - Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Room 409, School of Public Health, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. jad@cuhk.edu.hk AS - Fam Pract. 19(4):416-21, 2002 Aug JC - 8500875, fam SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Career
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Consultation
KW  - context
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Family
KW  - family dynamics
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - General Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 416
EP  - 421
JF  - Family Practice.Vol.20(5)()(pp 601-606), 2003.
J1  - Family Practice
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Postgraduate programmes offer an opportunity to learn family medicine for physicians in practice who were unable to obtain formal training in the immediate postgraduate phase of their career. Since 1985, the Chinese University of Hong Kong has provided a part-time 1-year diploma course at hours convenient for private practitioners. The curriculum has evolved, reducing public health components and increasing family medicine concepts. Between six and 16 students took the course each year until 1999, when formal recognition led to increased popularity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the components and outcomes of the course as a prelude to further development. METHODS: Evaluation comprised a structured telephone interview conducted with two enrollees from each year of the course (total 28), selected randomly from class lists. RESULTS: Participants were mostly young doctors, with an average of 5 years in general practice. Many graduates are now prominent in training and development of family medicine in Hong Kong. Graduates rated most components favourably, but found the original research components too demanding, and not useful subsequently for most. Counselling, family dynamics, consultation and practice organization skills were valued. Conventional continuing education components, such as lectures by specialists, were evaluated poorly. CONCLUSIONS: This course has proved useful in the Hong Kong context, being practical for physicians, and allowing them to study ideas they would not otherwise encounter. Critical appraisal and evidence-based medicine exercises now replace the former research components
SN  - 0263-2136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 921
T1  - Pediatric residents as learners and teachers of evidence-based medicine
A1  - Edwards,K.S.
A1  - Woolf,P.K.
A1  - Hetzler,T.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12114170 IN - Center for Primary Care Education and Research, New York Medical College, Valhalla, 10595, USA. karen_edwards@nymc.edu AS - Acad Med. 77(7):748, 2002 Jul JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - active learning
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - supervision
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 748
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Residents must learn to assess the medical literature and apply it clinically. We designed and implemented a curriculum to support resident acquisition and use of skills required for critical review and clinical application of evidence from the pediatrics literature. The experience provided an opportunity for residents to observe, demonstrate under supervision, and practice evidence-based skills using the "see one, do one, practice many" approach. DESCRIPTION: We revised our residents' evidence-based pediatrics journal club curriculum to provide specific learning objectives to be accomplished by residents during the three years of residency. Curriculum objectives address study design, definition of the research question, characterization of variable type and choices of statistical methods, attention to sample size, diagnostic test characteristics, identification of sources of bias, and generalization and specific application of research findings to our clinical setting. We implemented a three-stage approach to skills learning. First-year residents participate in a monthly journal-club presented by the second-year residents ("see one"). During the second year, residents present noon conferences based on the curriculum objectives. The second-year resident meets with a faculty member to select a journal article for discussion, identify key curriculum objectives illustrated by the study, and choose pertinent clinical epidemiology references. The resulting presentation is given as a noon conference to an audience of residents, students, and faculty ("do one"). During the remainder of residency, residents continue to attend a monthly journal club that equips them with new skills and allows them to take a more meaningful part in the discussions ("practice many"). Curriculum faculty attend the monthly journal club to help direct the discussion of the article to fulfill curriculum objectives. DISCUSSION: Skills are best acquired in an environment which promotes active learning supervised by experts and provides frequent opportunities to practice the skills. Residents have responded positively to our curriculum and have presented high-quality conferences. Evaluation data being collected now (resident self-assessments and evaluations of the experience, faculty assessments of presentations, pre- and post-second year written assessments of knowledge) will inform us if the desired outcomes are being attained. Over the first two years of implementation of this curriculum, we have observed that it takes no more faculty time to supervise resident preparation and presentation than it would for the faculty to prepare and present material concerning similar curriculum objectives in a lecture or conference format. Additional benefits for residents include creating materials for presentation with experienced faculty, making presentations for peer groups, and assuming the role of teacher
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 922
T1  - [Evidence based trauma surgery]. [German]
A1  - Eitel,F.
A1  - Neugebauer,E.A.
A1  - Mutschler,W.E.
Y1  - 2002/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12243011 IN - Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen OT - Evidenzbasierte Unfallchirurgie AS - Unfallchirurg. 105(8):666-74, 2002 Aug JC - unp, 8502736 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Wounds and Injuries/su [Surgery]
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Systems,Clinical/td [Trends]
KW  - Delivery of Health Care
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Orthopedic Procedures/td [Trends]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care/td [Trends]
KW  - question
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Risk
KW  - Standard
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 666
EP  - 674
JF  - Unfallchirurg.Vol.105(8)()(pp 666-674), 2002.
J1  - Unfallchirurg
VL  - 105
IS  - 8
N2  - It is wise for surgeons to critically analyze their decision making, to add evidence in addition to the normal approaches, i.e. expert opinion and pathophysiological rationale. What evidence, is how it works, how often it is used in orthopedic surgery are the main topics of this article, as well as problems and limits to evidence-based medicine (EbM). EbM operates in five steps: 1. formulate an answerable question with respect to the patient's problems; 2. search the relevant literature; 3. critically appraise the assembled information through evidence based standards; 4. implement these evidence supported findings in your daily practice; 5. evaluate your evidence-based practice. When one builds decisions upon evidence the following effects become apparent: rational choice of possible, alternative decisions, reduction of diagnostic and therapeutic risks, improvements in medical education and efficient delivery of health care. A literature search reveals few evidence-based investigations published in orthopedic surgery. Lastly, we discuss limitations of EbM, showing that both misunderstanding about EbM and technical problems contribute to mistrust in EbM. These may include problems with population heterogeneity, standardization of surgical procedures, conducting random studies, the lack of statistical power and often "publication bias". Overcoming present problems with EbM by further ("evidence-based") research should lead to better understanding of the evidence paradigm and eventually modify this approach. The literature already demonstrates that EbM attains its goal. A valid judgment of EbM will result if one evaluates one's own evidence-based practices. The implementation of EbM is also a matter of policy
SN  - 0177-5537
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 923
T1  - Forward projection--using critical appraisal in the design of studies
A1  - Elwood,M.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12435787 IN - National Cancer Control Initiative, 1 Rathdowne St, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia. melwood@ncci.org.au AS - Int J Epidemiol. 31(5):1071-3, 2002 Oct JC - gr6, 7802871 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Control
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Study
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1071
EP  - 1073
JF  - International Journal of Epidemiology.Vol.34(3)()(pp 610-622), 2005.
J1  - International Journal of Epidemiology
VL  - 31
IS  - 5
SN  - 0300-5771
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 924
T1  - Use of the Cochrane electronic library in complementary and alternative medicine courses in medical schools: is the giant lost in cyberspace?. [Review] [27 refs]
A1  - Ezzo,J.
A1  - Wright,K.
A1  - Hadhazy,V.
A1  - Bahr-Robertson,M.
A1  - Mac,Beckner W.
A1  - Covington,M.
A1  - Berman,B.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12470450 IN - JPS Enterprises, Takoma Park, MD, USA. JEANETTEEZZO@prodigy.net AS - J Altern Complement Med. 8(5):681-6, 2002 Oct JC - 9508124, cy7 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S PT - Review NO - RR09327 01 (NCRR) LG - English
KW  - *Complementary Therapies/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/st [Standards]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - classroom
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - cochrane systematic review
KW  - Complementary Therapies/st [Standards]
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - Databases
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Registries
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 681
EP  - 686
JF  - Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine.Vol.9(1)()(pp 151-159), 2003.
J1  - Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
N2  - Courses in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are increasing in medical schools in the United States and, currently, approximately two thirds of U.S. medical schools offer at least one such course. As these courses grow in popularity, however, concerns are also growing that these courses lack an evidence-based perspective. We propose that one interesting and easy way to bring an evidence-based perspective to the CAM classroom is to utilize the Cochrane Electronic Library (CLIB), which is available in many medical libraries, as a teaching tool. The CLIB currently houses more than 80 CAM-related, full-text systematic reviews and approximately 5000 CAM-related clinical trials, making it a valued resource for people who seek CAM evidence. Moreover, the CLIB commitment to publishing reviews regardless of the results make it a resource where one can find reviews concluding there is strong evidence of benefit or no evidence of benefit. In addition to the access to CAM evidence which the CLIB provides, students can learn basic critical appraisal skills by learning the rationale behind Cochrane systematic reviews. A survey of CAM course directors, however, shows that almost one half of these directors have never used the CLIB. For those who have never used the CLIB, this editorial explains the four main databases within the CLIB and presents ideas for using them in CAM school courses. [References: 27]
SN  - 1075-5535
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 925
T1  - A systematic review of the literature reporting the application of hyperbaric oxygen prevention and treatment of delayed radiation injuries: an evidence based approach.[see comment]. [Review] [108 refs]
A1  - Feldmeier,J.J.
A1  - Hampson,N.B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12507182 IN - Radiation Oncology Department, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, USA CM - Comment in: Undersea Hyperb Med. 2002 Spring;29(1):1-3; PMID: 12507181, Comment in: Undersea Hyperb Med. 2003 Winter;30(4):327-30; PMID: 14756236 AS - Undersea Hyperb Med. 29(1):4-30, 2002 JC - bmp, 9312954 SB - IM, S CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Hyperbaric Oxygenation/st [Standards]
KW  - *Radiation Injuries/th [Therapy]
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - brain
KW  - Breast Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - context
KW  - Cystitis/th [Therapy]
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Drug Therapy
KW  - English
KW  - Enteritis/th [Therapy]
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hyperbaric Oxygen
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Mandibular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Mandibular Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neoplasms/rt [Radiotherapy]
KW  - Nervous System Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - Note
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Osteoradionecrosis/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Osteoradionecrosis/th [Therapy]
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Oxygen Therapy
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - Prostatitis/th [Therapy]
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Radiation Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Radiation Oncology
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thoracic Wall
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 30
JF  - Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
N2  - The treatment of delayed radiation injuries (soft tissue and bony radiation necrosis) is one of thirteen conditions approved by the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Committee of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society as appropriate indications for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2). This paper provides a systematic review of the literature reporting the results of HBO2 therapy in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of delayed radiation injury. Since the introduction of the concept of evidence based medicine, the medical community in general has set out to apply more critical and stringent standards in evaluating published support for therapeutic interventions. Evidence based medicine is designed to discover the best evidence available and apply it in daily practice for treatment of the individual patient. The preferred level of evidence is the randomized controlled trial, however, other evidence has merit as well. In this review, seventy-four publications are represented reporting results of applying HBO2 in the treatment or prevention of radiation injuries. These are appraised in an evidence-based fashion by applying three established systems of evaluation. All but seven of these publications report a positive result when HBO2 is delivered as treatment for or prevention of delayed radiation injury. These results are particularly impressive in the context of alternative interventions. Without HBO2, treatment often requires radical surgical intervention, which is likely to result in complications. Other alternatives including drug therapies are rarely reported, and for the most part have not been the subject of randomized controlled trials. Based on this review, HBO2 is recommended for delayed radiation injuries for soft tissue and bony injuries of most sites. Of note, an increasing body of evidence supports HBO2 for radiation-induced necrosis of the brain. For other radiation-induced neurological injuries, additional study is required before recommendations for routine hyperbaric therapy can be made. [References: 108]
SN  - 1066-2936
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 926
T1  - A computer-based OSCE station to measure competence in evidence-based medicine skills in medical students
A1  - Fliegel,J.E.
A1  - Frohna,J.G.
A1  - Mangrulkar,R.S.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12431934 IN - Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109, USA AS - Acad Med. 77(11):1157-8, 2002 Nov JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Computers
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Medical
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - grades
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - testing
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1157
EP  - 1158
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 11
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To create a feasible, valid, and reliable tool to measure third-year medical students' skills in evidence-based medicine (EBM). DESCRIPTION: EBM skills-asking clinical questions, finding appropriate medical information resources, and appraising and applying them to patients-involve higher-order critical thinking abilities and are essential to being a competent physician. Students at our institution must pass a required OSCE exam at the end of their third year. As part of this exam, we developed a new 20-minute computer-based station to assess students' EBM skills. Using a specific case scenario, we asked the students to (1) ask a question using the population/intervention/comparison/outcome (PICO) framework; (2) generate appropriate search terms, given a specific question; and (3) select an appropriate abstract to answer a given question and state why two other abstracts were not appropriate. Prior to the assessment, we determined grading and passing criteria for each of the three components and for the station overall. Of the 140 students who completed the station, the percentages that passed the components were 71%, 81%, and 49% respectively, with only 29% passing all three parts. Preliminary analysis of psychometric properties of the station shows very good to excellent interrater reliability, with 65%, 67%, and 94% agreement on the scoring for the components, and kappas of.64,.82, and.94, respectively. DISCUSSION: Although there are many curricula for teaching EBM concepts, there are few tools to measure whether students are competent in applying their EBM skills. Our pilot station appears to be an innovative and promising tool to measure several EBM skills independently. By being computer-based, it is relatively simple to administer, grade, and evaluate. While preliminary data show good inter-rater reliability with our use of a single case, future work will include further testing of reliability and assessment of different types of cases. We will also use the results of this assessment to drive continuous improvement in our EBM curriculum. The students who completed this pilot station had not received an extensive formal EBM curriculum, whereas future groups will. We also will explore whether scores on our station correlate with those on other OSCE stations that also assess critical thinking skills, or if scores correlate with a student's clinical grades or overall class standing. We hope to test these hypotheses: (1) skills used in EBM are useful and valid measures of critical thinking abilities in learners and (2) tools such as ours will help to measure these essential competencies
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 927
T1  - Evidence-based decision making in action: Part 1--Finding the best clinical evidence
A1  - Forrest,J.L.
A1  - Miller,S.A.
Y1  - 2002/08/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12239574 IN - National Center for Dental Hygiene Research at the University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jforrest@hsc.usc.edu AS - J Contemp Dent Pract. 3(3):10-26, 2002 Aug 15 JC - 101090552 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Dental Care/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Dental Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Dentist's Practice Patterns
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PubMed
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Subject Headings
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 26
JF  - Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice [Electronic Resource]
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
N2  - The purpose of this article is to introduce evidence-based concepts and demonstrate how to find valid evidence to answer clinical questions. Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) requires understanding new concepts and developing new skills including how to: ask good clinical questions, conduct a computerized search, critically appraise the evidence, apply the results in clinical practice, and evaluate the process. This approach recognizes that clinicians can never be completely current with all conditions, medications, materials, or available products. Thus EBDM provides a mechanism for addressing these gaps in knowledge in order to provide the best care possible. In Part 1, a case scenario demonstrates the application of the skills involved in structuring a clinical question and conducting an online search using PubMed. Practice tips are provided along with online resources related to the evidence-based process
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 928
T1  - An exercise in leadership training for veterinary students aiming for careers in biomedical research
A1  - Fraser,D.R.
A1  - McGregor,D.D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12378434 IN - Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Sydney, Australia AS - J Vet Med Educ. 29(3):162-6, 2002 JC - d5z, 7610519 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *Education,Veterinary/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Leadership
KW  - *Research
KW  - *Veterinary Medicine
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Career
KW  - Communication
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Leadership
KW  - New York
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Role
KW  - Role Playing
KW  - Roles
KW  - Schools,Veterinary
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 162
EP  - 166
JF  - Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
N2  - A group discussion on the theme of "leadership" has been a central event in the annual Cornell Leadership Program for Veterinary Students since 1990. However, these discussions were often unfocused and did not readily demonstrate the leadership skills of distinguished guests who were invited to participate. Since 1998, a new format for this session has been developed in which students and guests are assigned individual roles in a scenario that is unfolded by a moderator over two to three hours. This role-playing exercise ensures that every student is obliged to participate and has an opportunity to practice such leadership skills as critical thinking, verbal communication, and decision making under pressure and with inadequate information. The distinguished guests, in their assigned roles, are able to interact freely with the student fellows and thus demonstrate their expertise as experienced leaders. This challenging experience has become an enjoyable part of the 10-week Leadership Program and one that shows the importance of leadership skills for those who aspire to careers in the biomedical sciences
SN  - 0748-321X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 929
T1  - [Which cholesterol-lowering drugs should be used in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease?].[see comment]. [Review] [16 refs] [Norwegian]
A1  - Fretheim,A.
A1  - Bjorndal,A.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Dyrdal,A.
A1  - Golding,M.
A1  - Ose,L.
A1  - Reikvam,A.
A1  - Teisberg,P.
Y1  - 2002/09/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12448270 IN - Brannstasjonen legesenter Arendalsvei 26a 4898 Grimstad. atle.fretheim@shdir.no OT - Hvilke kolesterolsenkende legemidler bor brukes for primaerforebygging av hjerte- og karsykdommer? CM - Comment in: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Nov 10;122(27):2655; authors reply 2655-6; PMID: 12523204, Comment in: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2003 Jan 23;123(2):212; author reply 212; PMID: 12607509 AS - Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 122(23):2287-8, 2002 Sep 30 JC - 0413423, 101086543, vrv SB - IM CP - Norway PT - English Abstract PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - Norwegian
KW  - *Anticholesteremic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Hypercholesterolemia/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 0 (Anticholesteremic Agents)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypercholesterolemia/co [Complications]
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Statin
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2287
EP  - 2288
JF  - Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening.Vol.125(3)()(pp 278-281), 2005.Date of Publication: 03 FEB 2005.
J1  - Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening
VL  - 122
IS  - 23
N2  - BACKGROUND: Several clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia are available. The quality of these guidelines varies and the basis for their conclusions is often not clear. We have used systematic and explicit methods in developing a new set of recommendations. This is the last of three articles describing these guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Evidence was found by a systematic search in databases and reference lists in guidelines and articles. A set of recommendations was prepared based on a critical appraisal of the literature. These were revised through discussions with a panel of physicians, and agreed upon after several iterations. The guidelines were circulated to professional, governmental and patient organisations. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Statins should be first-choice drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Total cholesterol below 5 mmol/l and/or LDL cholesterol below 3 mmol/l are the recommended treatment goals for persons at high risk of coronary heart disease. [References: 16]
SN  - 0029-2001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 930
T1  - [Which antihypertensive drugs should be used in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease?].[see comment]. [Review] [43 refs] [Norwegian]
A1  - Fretheim,A.
A1  - Bjorndal,A.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Dyrdal,A.
A1  - Golding,M.
A1  - Ose,L.
A1  - Reikvam,A.
A1  - Teisberg,P.
Y1  - 2002/09/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12448269 IN - Brannstasjonen legesenter Arendalsvei 26a 4898 Grimstad. atle.fretheim@shdir.no OT - Hvilke blodtrykkssenkende legemidler bor brukes for primaerforebygging av hjerte- og karsykdommer? CM - Comment in: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Oct 30;122(26):2559; author reply 2559; PMID: 12522886 AS - Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 122(23):2283-6, 2002 Sep 30 JC - 0413423, 101086543, vrv SB - IM CP - Norway PT - English Abstract PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - Norwegian
KW  - *Antihypertensive Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Hypertension/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Author
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diabetic Patients
KW  - Diastolic Blood Pressure
KW  - Drug Therapy,Combination
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Hypertension/co [Complications]
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2283
EP  - 2286
JF  - Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening.Vol.125(3)()(pp 278-281), 2005.Date of Publication: 03 FEB 2005.
J1  - Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening
VL  - 122
IS  - 23
N2  - BACKGROUND: Several clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of hypertension are available. The quality of these guidelines varies and the basis for their conclusions is often not clear. We have used systematic and explicit methods in the development of a new set of recommendations. This is the second of three articles describing these guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Evidence was found by a systematic search in databases and reference lists in guidelines and articles. A set of recommendations was prepared based on a critical appraisal of the literature. These were revised through discussions with a panel of physicians, and agreed upon after several iterations. The guidelines were circulated to professional, governmental and patient organisations. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Thiazides should be first-choice drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension. Beta-blockers are a reasonable second choice. The treatment goal should be below 140/90 mm Hg. For combination therapy, thiazides and beta-blockers should be first choice. Diabetic patients should be treated aggressively with a diastolic blood pressure goal below 80 mm Hg. Angiotensin-II antagonists or angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitors should be first choice drugs for diabetics with microalbuminuria. Patients with hypercholesterolaemia are not given a particular recommendation for choice of drug. Patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should choose other drugs than beta-blockers. Thiazides should be avoided if the patient has, or has had, gout. [References: 43]
SN  - 0029-2001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 931
T1  - [Guidelines for pharmacological primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases--who should be treated?].[see comment]. [Review] [38 refs] [Norwegian]
A1  - Fretheim,A.
A1  - Bjorndal,A.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Dyrdal,A.
A1  - Golding,M.
A1  - Ose,L.
A1  - Reikvam,A.
A1  - Teisberg,P.
Y1  - 2002/09/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12448268 IN - Brannstasjonen legesenter Arendalsvei 26a 4898 Grimstad. atle.fretheim@shdir.no OT - Retningslinjer for medikamentell primaerforebygging av hjerte- og karsykdommer--hvem bor behandles? CM - Comment in: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Nov 20;122(28):2727; author reply 2727; PMID: 12523096, Comment in: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Sep 30;122(23):2255; PMID: 12448260 AS - Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 122(23):2277-81, 2002 Sep 30 JC - 0413423, 101086543, vrv SB - IM CP - Norway PT - English Abstract PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - Norwegian
KW  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Patient Selection
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - 0 (Anticholesteremic Agents)
KW  - 0 (Antihypertensive Agents)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Anticholesteremic Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - Antihypertensive Agents/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - drug treatment
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Norway
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2277
EP  - 2281
JF  - Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening.Vol.125(3)()(pp 278-281), 2005.Date of Publication: 03 FEB 2005.
J1  - Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening
VL  - 122
IS  - 23
N2  - BACKGROUND: Several clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia are available. The quality of these guidelines varies and the basis for their conclusions is often not clear. We have used systematic and explicit methods in the development of a new set of recommendations. This is the first of three articles describing these guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Evidence was found by a systematic search in databases and reference lists in guidelines and articles. A set of recommendations was prepared based on a critical appraisal of the literature. These recommendations were revised through discussions with a panel of physicians and agreed upon after several iterations. The guidelines were circulated to professional, governmental and patient organisations, with a request for feedback on errors or shortcomings. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The absolute risk of cardiovascular disease should be used as the basis for discussing with a patient whether drug treatment should be initiated. A 20% risk of developing angina or myocardial infarction over the next ten years is a reasonable threshold for considering treatment. The effects of antihypertensives for persons older than 80 years and of cholesterol-lowering drugs for persons older than 70 years are uncertain. Treatment of blood pressure above 170/100 mm Hg is recommended independent of the risk of cardiovascular disease. [References: 38]
SN  - 0029-2001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 932
T1  - Organising a successful journal club
A1  - Gibbons,A.J.
Y1  - 2002/11/02/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14768623 IN - Maxillofacial Unit, Morriston Hospital, Swansea SA6 6NL AS - BMJ. 325(7371):s137-8, 2002 Nov 2 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Article
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Review Literature
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - s137
EP  - s138
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 325
IS  - 7371
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 933
T1  - Learning by doing: teaching critical appraisal of randomized trials by performing an in-class randomized trial
A1  - Haidet,P.
A1  - Hunt,D.
A1  - Coverdale,J.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12431940 IN - Baylor College of Medicine, USA AS - Acad Med. 77(11):1161, 2002 Nov JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - College
KW  - Confounding
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diet
KW  - Egg
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Goals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Population
KW  - Random Assignment
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Role
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1161
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 11
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Our medical students often encounter difficulty because many have trouble appreciating the relative merits and limitations of clinical research design. In order to remedy these deficits, we developed a novel in-class simulated randomized trial in which students were blinded to their treatment assignment. Specifically, our goals for the session were to demonstrate the importance of randomization of subject populations, to define and use basic terminology such as relative risk reduction along with absolute risk reduction, and to demonstrate the strengths and pitfalls of analysis of subsets of subjects. DESCRIPTION: We proposed the study of a hypothetical new drug, "Flunkimmune," which was claimed to prevent students from failing tests. Students received a random assignment to either the "Flunkimmune" or the placebo group. Students then received an opaque plastic egg appropriate for their randomization. We had prepared the eggs a-priori to each contain a piece of candy, and some to contain a blue dot. The flavor of the candy signified whether a particular student was in the treatment or control group. After all students had received their eggs, we "unblinded" the study by having the students open their eggs and learn to which treatment they had received. We then used an audience response system to construct a demographics table commonly known as Table 1 for the randomized trial-based characteristics of the students' choosing (e.g., "drinks Diet cola," "over six feet tall," "birth weight under seven pounds"). We asked the class to critique their own Table 1 and to comment on the adequacy of the randomization. Students were then informed that the presence of the blue dot signified a "failing" grade on a hypothetical exam to test the efficacy of "Flunkimmune." The eggs had been loaded so that the treatment group had a relative risk reduction of failure rates of 50% compared with the control group and an absolute risk reduction of 20%. This result prompted a debate among students about the relative merits of absolute or relative risk reduction in reporting the results of the study. Students also performed subgroup analyses by determining the failure rates for treatment and control students seated in particular aisles of the lecture hall. This enhanced discussion about the processes of bias and confounding inherent in subgroup analyses. DISCUSSION: This experiential teaching method allowed students to participate directly in a simulated randomized controlled trial, thereby facilitating understanding of this type of study. Students reported that the experience was enjoyable and stimulated active engagement with critical appraisal of randomized trials. Students' subsequent homework assignments, in which they were asked to critically appraise a randomized trial, demonstrated a depth of understanding not previously encountered at this level. We plan to develop and rigorously evaluate additional experiential activities that expose students to the role of the research investigator
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 934
T1  - Public health practitioners in NHS hospital trusts: the impact of 'medical care epidemiologists'
A1  - Harrison,S.
A1  - Keen,S.
Y1  - 2002/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11939376 IN - University of Manchester s.r.harrison@man.ac.uk AS - J Public Health Med. 24(1):16-20, 2002 Mar JC - ap2, 9011205 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Epidemiology/ma [Manpower]
KW  - *Hospitals,Public/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Public Health Practice
KW  - *State Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Government
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Public/ma [Manpower]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Messages
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Case Studies
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Policy
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Primary Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Professional Role
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 16
EP  - 20
JF  - Journal of Public Health Medicine
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: In the late 1990s, one NHS region created posts of 'medical care epidemiologists' (MCEs) to employ public health skills in NHS Trusts in pursuit of the 'evidence-based medicine' agenda. METHODS: A qualitative interview study and documentary analysis of MCEs' activities were carried out, followed by case studies of selected activities with plausibility of claims assessed by a 'counterfactual panel'. RESULTS: Most MCEs were centrally involved in the following: Trust committee structures related to clinical effectiveness; service review and evaluation; development of information systems or of access to existing systems to support clinical effectiveness; training in critical appraisal or similar skills; local development of clinical guidelines. A minority adopted narrower roles; only one had concentrated on identifying usable clinical outcome measures, an original objective of the MCE initiative. Case studies of selected activities showed the following: the government's clinical governance agenda created a receptive context in which Trusts connected their MCE's appointment with an external policy agenda; the activities undertaken were nevertheless chosen and shaped by the MCEs themselves, leading to a close fit between the activity and their individual skills and interests; the main impact of MCE activity resulted from deployment of these in ways that transmitted messages about changing organizational culture, rather than from the formal output of their activities. CONCLUSIONS: It is unrealistic to expect individuals to change the culture of whole organizations. In the right policy context, a real contribution can be made by individuals with appropriate skills and strong personal agendas consonant with, but not determined by organizational agendas
SN  - 0957-4832
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 935
T1  - Tutorials in clinical research: part IV: recognizing and controlling bias
A1  - Hartman,J.M.
A1  - Forsen,J.W.,Jr.
A1  - Wallace,M.S.
A1  - Neely,J.G.
Y1  - 2002/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11802034 IN - Clinical Research Working Group, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 1115, St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A AS - Laryngoscope. 112(1):23-31, 2002 Jan JC - 8607378, l1w SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Otolaryngology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Publication Bias
KW  - *Research
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - liberal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Technique
KW  - texts
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 31
JF  - Laryngoscope.Vol.113(3)()(pp 475-483), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2003.
J1  - Laryngoscope
VL  - 112
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: This is the fourth of a series of Tutorials in Clinical Research (1-3). The objectives of this article are to heighten reader awareness of biases and of methods to reduce their impact and to provide an easy reference document for the reader during future journal reading. STUDY DESIGN: Tutorial. METHODS: The authors met weekly for 4 months discussing clinical research articles and biases for which they might be at risk. Liberal use of reference texts and specific articles on bias were reviewed. Like the example by Sackett, biases were catalogued to create an easily understood reference. Articles were chosen to demonstrate how understanding bias might facilitate assessment of the validity of medical publications. RESULTS: The article is organized into three main sections. The first section introduces specific biases. Two tables serve as rapid reference tools. The second section describes the most common biases linked to specific research approaches and reviews techniques to minimize them. The last section demonstrates the application of the information to an article in a manner that can be applied to any article. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing the validity of a medical publication requires an awareness of bias for which the research is inherently at risk. A review of the publication to determine what steps the authors did or did not undertake to minimize the impact of biases on their results and conclusions helps establish the validity. This article should be of assistance in this critical review task
SN  - 0023-852X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 936
T1  - Appraising the evidence: reviewing disparate data systematically
A1  - Hawker,S.
A1  - Payne,S.
A1  - Kerr,C.
A1  - Hardey,M.
A1  - Powell,J.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12448672 IN - Department of Social Work Studies, University of Southampton, UK AS - Qual Health Res. 12(9):1284-99, 2002 Nov JC - 9202144, bqc SB - T CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - problems
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1284
EP  - 1299
JF  - Qualitative Health Research.2003 Dec; 13(10): 1453-62.(17 ref)
J1  - Qualitative Health Research
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
N2  - The authors describe a method of systematically reviewing research from different paradigms. They draw on the methods adapted, developed, and designed during a study concerned with the delivery of care across professional boundaries. Informed by the established method of systematic review, the authors undertook the review in distinct stages. They describe the methods developed for each stage and outline the difficulties encountered, the solutions devised, and the appraisal tools developed. Although many of the problems encountered were related to the critical assessment of qualitative research, the authors argue that the method of systematic review can be adapted for use with different data andacross disciplines
SN  - 1049-7323
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 937
T1  - Definitions and competencies for practice-based learning and improvement
A1  - Hayden,S.R.
A1  - Dufel,S.
A1  - Shih,R.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12414478 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103-8819, USA. shayden@ucsd.edu AS - Acad Emerg Med. 9(11):1242-8, 2002 Nov JC - ce1, 9418450 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - California
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Objectives
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - practice-based learning
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Record Review
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1242
EP  - 1248
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 9
IS  - 11
N2  - The Outcome Project is a long-term initiative by which the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is increasing emphasis on educational outcomes in the evaluation of residency programs. The ACGME initiated the Outcome Project to "ensure and improve the quality of graduate medical education." In order to assist program directors in emergency medicine (EM) to begin complying with components of the ACGME Outcome Project, the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (CORD-EM) convened a consensus conference in March 2002 in conjunction with several other EM organizations. The working group for the competency of Practice-based Learning and Improvement (PBL) defined the components of PBL as: 1) analyze and assess practice experience and perform practice-based improvement; 2) locate, appraise, and utilize scientific evidence related to the patient's health problems and the larger population from which they are drawn; 3) apply knowledge of study design and statistical methods to critically appraise the medical literature; 4) utilize information technology to enhance personal education and improve patient care; and 5) facilitate the learning of students, colleagues, and other health care professionals in EM principles and practice. Establishing resident portfolios is a preferred method to chronicle resident competence in PBL. Traditional global evaluation of resident performance is de-emphasized. Checklist evaluation is appropriate for assessing any competency that can be broken down into specific behaviors or actions. 360-degree evaluation may be used to assess teamwork, communication skills, management skills, and clinical decision making. Chart-stimulated recall and record review are additional evaluation methods that can be used to assess resident competency in PBL. Simulations and models, such as computer-based scenarios, may be ideal for low-frequency but critical procedures
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 938
T1  - Evidence-based practice in dentistry
A1  - Healey,D.
A1  - Lyons,K.
Y1  - 2002/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12125326 IN - Department of Oral Sciences and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin AS - N Z Dent J. 98(432):32-5, 2002 Jun JC - obn, 0401065 SB - D, IM CP - New Zealand PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dentistry
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Dental,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - journal
KW  - meetings
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Orthodontics
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - Personal Satisfaction
KW  - practice
KW  - Quackery
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 32
EP  - 35
JF  - New Zealand Dental Journal
VL  - 98
IS  - 432
N2  - The importance of evidence in teaching and in support of clinical decisions is well established in health care, including dentistry. Defence of clinical decisions increasingly requires reliable data or evidence to support the stance taken. Assistance in finding the best evidence comes from a variety of sources, including computerised databases, journals, continuing education meetings, and study clubs. The randomised controlled trial heads the hierarchy of research designs on which evaluation of evidence is based; anecdotally based evidence and individual case studies are the least preferred study designs. Evaluation of a study requires a number of questions to be asked to determine how the study was performed, and whether it applies to a clinical situation. These questions relate to how the study was carried out, whether controls were used, were the results likely to be valid, and was statistical and clinical significance present. Quackery, pressure from consumers, and legal considerations have contributed to an increase in the importance of evidence-based practice. The benefits, however, of evidence-based practice are that treatment decisions are easier to justify, especially when there is a complaint or a dento-legal issue, and the personal satisfaction that patients are being offered the best treatment
SN  - 0028-8047
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 939
T1  - The relationship between critical thinking and decision-making in respiratory care students.[see comment]
A1  - Hill,T.V.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11988124 IN - Department of Respiratory Care, Kettering College of Medical Arts, Ohio 45429, USA. tom.hill@kmcnetwork.org CM - Comment in: Respir Care. 2002 Sep;47(9):1018-21; author reply 1021-3; PMID: 12322680 AS - Respir Care. 47(5):571-7, 2002 May JC - qz3, 7510357 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Occupations/ed [Education]
KW  - *Respiratory Therapy/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Health Occupations/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Arts
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - College
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Respiratory Therapist
KW  - Role
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 571
EP  - 577
JF  - Respiratory Care.2001 Nov; 46(11): 1226-35.(31 ref)
J1  - Respiratory Care
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Respiratory therapists evaluate the condition of their patients, make decisions about the appropriateness of the treatment plan, provide care, and evaluate the outcomes of their decisions. To practice effectively they must think critically and make appropriate decisions. As educators make curriculum changes to improve students' decision-making (DM) skills, strategies to develop critical thinking (CT) have been proposed as one method of achieving that goal. This approach is based on the hypothesis that a positive relationship exists between DM and CT. The present study examines the relationship between CT and DM in respiratory care students. If there is a positive relationship between CT and DM, respiratory care training programs might improve the DM skills of future practitioners by providing instruction that improves CT. METHODS: Using a correlational research design, DM scores from the Clinical Simulation Self-Assessment Examination (CSSAE) were compared with scores from the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal for 143 graduating respiratory care students from 10 programs. Program directors completed a questionnaire and were then interviewed about the methods they employ to develop CT and DM in their students. RESULTS: A significant correlation between CT and DM was found for 110 students completing the Secure Form of the CSSAE (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). All programs used case studies and clinical simulations, and most used role modeling, computer-assisted instruction, patient rounds, small group discussion, and study skills courses. No differences were identified in the use of the CT and DM development strategies by different programs. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the belief that students with strong CT proficiency make better clinical decisions. Assessment of CT proficiency could be used as one part of a process for evaluating prospective students and faculty for respiratory care programs. Program directors and faculty felt that case studies and clinical simulations are important strategies
SN  - 0020-1324
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 940
T1  - [Meta-analysis and evidence based medicine]. [Review] [22 refs] [Japanese]
A1  - Hinotsu,S.
A1  - Akaza,H.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12402417 IN - Dept. of Urology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan AS - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 29(10):1705-10, 2002 Oct JC - 7810034, 6t8 SB - IM CP - Japan PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Japanese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1705
EP  - 1710
JF  - Gan to Kagaku Ryoho [Japanese Journal of Cancer & Chemotherapy]
VL  - 29
IS  - 10
N2  - Meta-analysis is a statistical method for combining the results of available research studies to increase statistical power. The steps of meta-analysis are identification of question, search and selection of trials and analysis. Evidence based medicine (EBM) is integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. The practice of EBM consists of formulated clinical question, systematic review, critical appraisal, application for patients and performance review. We must notice the results of meta-analysis and evidence are keeping up to date. We should use them with critical appraisal skill and should not criticize without good understanding. [References: 22]
SN  - 0385-0684
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 941
T1  - Pragmatism and structuralism in occupational therapy: the long conversation. [Review] [74 refs]
A1  - Hooper,B.
A1  - Wood,W.
Y1  - 2002/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11833400 IN - Occupational Therapy Program, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401-9403, USA. hooperb@gvsu.edu AS - Am J Occup Ther. 56(1):40-50, 2002 Jan-Feb JC - 7705978, 3o4 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Occupational Therapy/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Management/st [Standards]
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - Article
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Conversation
KW  - discourses
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - frameworks
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Occupational Therapy/td [Trends]
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Practice Management/td [Trends]
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Identity
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 50
JF  - American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2003 Mar-Apr; 57(2): 234-7.(8 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Occupational Therapy
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
N2  - The history of occupational therapy may be understood as a continual transaction between two cultural discourses: pragmatism and structuralism. Pragmatism is a way of thinking that presupposes humans are agentic by nature and knowledge is tentative and created within particular contexts. Structuralism is a way of thinking that assumes humans are composites of recurring general frameworks and that knowledge is objective and can be generalized to multiple contexts. Early in the field's history, both pragmatist and structuralist assumptions about the human and knowledge produced different readings, or interpretations, of what constituted the appropriate tools, methods, and outcomes for occupational therapy. Consequently, occupational therapy adopted an interesting mix of pragmatist language regarding the human and structuralist approaches to knowledge, resulting in professional identity problems still experienced today. However, recent developments offer an opportunity for occupational therapists to correct old identity problems through critically evaluating incompatible assumptions and carefully reading the prevailing cultural ethos. [References: 74]
SN  - 0272-9490
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 942
T1  - Postpublication criticism and the shaping of clinical knowledge
A1  - Horton,R.
Y1  - 2002/06/05/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12038929 IN - The Lancet, 32 Jamestown Rd, London NW1 7BY, England. richard.horton@lancet.com AS - JAMA. 287(21):2843-7, 2002 Jun 5 JC - 7501160 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Publishing
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Captopril
KW  - context
KW  - Criticism
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Letter
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Peer Review,Research
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2843
EP  - 2847
JF  - JAMA.Vol.294(11)()(pp 1333-1342), 2005.Date of Publication: 21 SEP 2005.
J1  - JAMA
VL  - 287
IS  - 21
N2  - CONTEXT: Letters to the editor are an important means for ensuring accountability of authors and editors. They form a part of the postpublication peer review process. I studied the critical footprint made in the medical literature by 3 randomized trials (Hypertension Optimal Treatment [HOT], Captopril Prevention Project [CAPPP], and Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension 2 [STOP-2]) published in The Lancet and investigated the extent to which that footprint was preserved in shaping clinical knowledge. METHODS: Qualitative appraisal of the criticism of each trial, taken from published letters. Agreed weaknesses and unanswered criticisms were identified from the authors' reply. I searched MEDLINE for practice guidelines published after the trial report and sought evidence for incorporation of criticism into these guidelines. RESULTS: From the time of publication to October 2000, HOT was cited in 9 of 36 practice guidelines; CAPPP, in 6 of 36; and STOP-2, not at all. HOT received 14 published criticisms, 5 comments, and 3 questions, of which 15 were responded to. Only 1 criticism, lack of power, was referred to in 1 guideline. CAPPP received 14 criticisms, 9 comments, and 3 questions, of which 8 were responded to. Only 1 criticism, imbalances between groups, was referred to in 1 guideline. STOP-2 received 12 criticisms, 9 comments, and 3 questions, of which only 6 were responded to. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of all criticism made in correspondence went unanswered by authors. Important weaknesses in trials were ignored in subsequently published practice guidelines. Failure to recognize the critical footprint of primary research weakens the validity of guidelines and distorts clinical knowledge
SN  - 0098-7484
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 943
T1  - South Cheshire Local Multi-disciplinary Evidence Centre: an evaluation
A1  - Howard,J.C.
A1  - LMEC Steering Committee
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12193332 IN - South Cheshire Postgraduate Medical Centre, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, Cheshire, UK. jchoward@lineone.net AS - Med Teach. 24(4):440-2, 2002 Jul JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Automation
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Hospital
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Medical Audit
KW  - Model
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Staff
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 440
EP  - 442
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
N2  - The South Cheshire Local Multidisciplinary Evidence Centre (LMEC) was a two-year project commenced in March 1998 and completed in April 2000. The project aimed to develop an information service to enable all primary and community care staff in South Cheshire to access high-quality evidence and thus to improve patient care. The LMEC gave access from the workplace to both physical and electronic resources to support clinical governance and lifelong learning, with a strong emphasis on evidence-based material. Automation of the library catalogue enabled its inclusion on the website. The project developed enquiry and document delivery services and provided training on using the LMEC and on critical appraisal. An evaluation carried out at the end of the project showed that over 120 primary and community care staff had used the LMEC and were positive about the service. As Clinical Governance, the NHSnet, and plans for continuing professional development are implemented, the LMEC is one model for a Local Health Information Service outlined in the NHS IT strategy
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 944
T1  - Journal clubs in clinical medicine.[comment]
A1  - Jones,S.R.
A1  - Harrison,M.M.
A1  - Crawford,I.W.
A1  - Ali,B.
A1  - Beattie,E.
A1  - Carley,S.
A1  - Davies,M.
A1  - Ghosh,A.
A1  - Martin,B.
A1  - Paul,H.
A1  - Boyd,R.
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
A1  - Morton,R.J.
Y1  - 2002/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11904282 CM - Comment on: J Accid Emerg Med. 1998 Jul;15(4):220-2; PMID: 9681303 AS - Emerg Med J. 19(2):184-5, 2002 Mar JC - b0u, 100963089 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 184
EP  - 185
JF  - Emergency Medicine Journal.Vol.22(3)()(pp 192), 2005.
J1  - Emergency Medicine Journal
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SN  - 1472-0205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 945
T1  - External research service with critical appraisal of the medical literature at a university medical centre
A1  - Juche,A.
A1  - Euler,U.
A1  - Bruggenjurgen,B.
A1  - Willich,S.N.
A1  - Kunz,R.
Y1  - 2002/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12486999 AS - Qual Saf Health Care. 11(3):297, 2002 Sep JC - 101136980 SB - H CP - England PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Academic Medical Centers/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - Letter
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
JF  - Quality & Safety in Health Care.Vol.13(3)()(pp 226-232), 2004.
J1  - Quality & Safety in Health Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SN  - 1475-3898
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 946
T1  - Critical appraisal--is there a need to train medical students how to read the literature?
A1  - Karina,R.
A1  - Nooriah,S.
Y1  - 2002/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12733198 IN - Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur AS - Med J Malaysia. 57 Suppl E:78-82, 2002 Dec JC - m2m, 0361547 SB - IM CP - Malaysia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Publications
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Malaysia
KW  - Medical Profession
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Preventive Medicine
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 82
JF  - Medical Journal of Malaysia
VL  - 57
N2  - Critical appraisal refers to the skill of reading a piece of research in a very objective and structured way. It allows for the reader to assess the quality and validity of the evidence put forward. With the emphasis on evidence-based practice in the medical profession, the ability to critically appraise the literature should be instilled into medical students. Currently, the push to encourage research shows great effort in the medical curriculum, through the incorporation of elective research programmes, by many medical institutions. But how ready are the students to even understand the research literature, let alone conduct a research? The current system throws these students into 'the deep end' of research conduct without equipping them with the tools necessary to do so. Very often this becomes a problem that snowballs through specialist training right up to the practice of medicine. The possibilities and means of introducing the skills of critical appraisal via the curriculum should be explored. In this age of self-directed and problem-based learning, a purely didactic teaching method of "how to read the literature" is surely outdated. The concept should be integrated into medical teaching, including within the implementation of the PBL system, in both the clinical and non-clinical settings, and by the introduction of the 'journal club' concept. Training of the trainers should also be considered. With the early training of critical appraisal, it can hopefully become an unconscious competence of medical graduates, who not only can produce quality research, but also able to identify quality information
SN  - 0300-5283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 947
T1  - Mixing it up: integrating evidence-based medicine and patient care
A1  - Korenstein,D.
A1  - Dunn,A.
A1  - McGinn,T.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12114160 IN - Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA AS - Acad Med. 77(7):741-2, 2002 Jul JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Delivery of Health Care,Integrated
KW  - *Patient Care
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - classroom
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Integration
KW  - interactions
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - New York
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vignettes
KW  - Women's Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 741
EP  - 742
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To teach internal medicine residents to use evidence-based medicine (EBM) in their interactions with patients by creating curricula that integrate EBM into clinical topics in internal medicine. DESCRIPTION: The last several years have brought the wide-spread inclusion of EBM in internal medicine training programs in the United States. However, EBM is often taught as an independent topic and is poorly integrated into the clinical teaching of trainees. Most EBM education occurs in a journal-club format, focusing on question development, searching, and critical appraisal. The challenge of discussing the evidence with patients is rarely addressed. We set out to integrate EBM teaching into new curricula in women's health, addiction medicine, and topics in anticoagulation. During the first of two ambulatory blocks of the year, residents participate in an EBM seminar series in which they present cases, generate questions, and critically appraise the evidence. Second-year residents present articles on therapy or diagnosis and third-year residents present articles on diagnosis, meta-analysis, or decision and economic analysis. Both the women's health curriculum and the anticoagulation curriculum are presented during the second ambulatory block of the year as four half-day small-group seminars. The women's health curriculum is presented to the second-year residents and the anticoagulation curriculum is presented to the third-year residents. Both curricula are case-based and emphasize essential skills in patient care, including interview techniques, sensitivity to psychosocial issues, and skills in evidence-based patient care. Teaching EBM is not identified to the residents as a goal of these curricula; instead EBM, psychosocial medicine, and communication skills are woven into the content material and taught in the context of the broader subject matter. Learners are expected to integrate these concepts into actual practice. The curricula utilize clinical vignettes and role-plays to link EBM concepts such as number needed to treat or decision analysis to real-patient decisions. Residents are also asked to apply the evidence in their own patient encounters for further discussion at later sessions. Simpler concepts of therapy and diagnosis are covered during the second year in women's health and the more complex concepts of meta-analysis; decision analysis, and economic analysis are covered during the third year in anti-coagulation. DISCUSSION: The women's health curriculum was introduced in the spring of 2000; the anticoagulation curriculum was introduced in the spring of 2001. Both have been well received and seem to have impacted the ability of our housestaff to incorporate EBM into patient care. Currently under development in this series is a curriculum in addiction medicine for interns that will use a similar approach to provide an overview of EBM topics and their integration into the flow of patient care. We feel that these educational programs have helped EBM to bridge the gap between the classroom and the exam room
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 948
T1  - Talking medicine: a course in medical humanism--what do third-year medical students think?
A1  - Lypson,M.L.
A1  - Hauser,J.M.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12431950 IN - University of Michigan Medical School, USA AS - Acad Med. 77(11):1169-70, 2002 Nov JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Humanism
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Competence
KW  - Concepts
KW  - connect
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Belief
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humanism
KW  - interest
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Professional Role
KW  - progress
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Race
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - relationships
KW  - School
KW  - small groups
KW  - Spirituality
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1169
EP  - 1170
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 11
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The early 1990s sparked an interest in organized medicine to reclaim and re-evaluate how it promotes professionalism among physicians. The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) launched Project Professionalism as a means to define and evaluate professionalism as a component of clinical competence. The course "Talking Medicine" was developed to create a series of small-group discussions on humanism and professionalism where students can reflect on the process of becoming a physician and share personally or ethically difficult and rewarding cases with each other. We asked students to define these concepts and use these definitions to spark small-group discussion. DESCRIPTION: "Talking Medicine" is predicated on the belief that humanism and professionalism come to students and others through understanding a number of core concepts and relationships complemented by self-reflection. "Talking Medicine" offers a consistent (every other week for ten weeks) opportunity to share experiences in small groups (six to eight students), facilitated by two preceptors, in a format driven by students' experiences. Although the focus is on students' experiences, readings are provided on basic topics and contexts in humanism and professionalism (e.g., end-of-life care, mistakes, spirituality in medicine, and boundaries between patients and doctors). Also, at the beginning of each internal medicine clerkship we asked students to define humanism and professionalism anonymously on sheets of paper to be handed to the preceptors. DISCUSSION: "Talking Medicine" began in summer 2000. We hope to expand it to other institutions. We surveyed students and found 94% felt "very" or "somewhat" comfortable in the course. Seventy-three percent of students reported that the course increased their "connectedness" to classmates, and 61% favored its occurring during all rotations. Fifty-nine percent reported that their interest in caring for patients improved, and 53% reported their interest in internal medicine as a field improved. Answers to open-ended questions highlighted the importance of "Talking Medicine" as a forum to connect with others-both students and faculty. Despite this course's focus during an internal medicine clerkship, students see a broader definition of professionalism than the ABIM; the student's definitions were similar in many ways to the Group of Educational Affairs definition of professionalism. Third-year medical students focus more on tolerance of difference (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, and varying health beliefs), and the importance of collegiality and collaboration in the new environment of patient care. Their vantage point early in training allows them to look critically at the profession they are joining and view its shortcomings and strengths. Future work is needed that focuses on how these definitions change as students' progress through fourth year, into residency, and finally continuing medical education. Nevertheless, we suggest that "Talking Medicine" may be most effective in helping classmates connect to and learn from each other, thereby setting a foundation for changes in how they interact with patients
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 949
T1  - [The journal club: from research to practice]. [French]
A1  - Marcil,I.
A1  - Goulet,C.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12033115 IN - Faculte des sciences infirmieres, l'Universite de Montreal OT - Le journal club: de la recherche a la pratique AS - Infirm Que. 9(5):46-51, 2002 May-Jun JC - 9430795, bv6 SB - N CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nurse's Role
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services
KW  - journal
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Nursing Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Nursing Care/td [Trends]
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/td [Trends]
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 51
JF  - Infirmiere du Quebec
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
SN  - 1195-2695
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 950
T1  - Daily journal club: an education tool in palliative care
A1  - Mazuryk,M.
A1  - Daeninck,P.
A1  - Neumann,C.M.
A1  - Bruera,E.
Y1  - 2002/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11963453 IN - Department of Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N2. maremazu@cancerboard.ab.ca AS - Palliat Med. 16(1):57-61, 2002 Jan JC - byq, 8704926 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Palliative Care
KW  - *Self-Help Groups
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - control
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Oncology
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Pain
KW  - palliative care
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review/mt [Methods]
KW  - Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Resident
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Staff
KW  - Symptom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 61
JF  - Palliative Medicine
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Journal clubs are a valuable tool for medical education. This paper describes a unique daily journal club format utilized by our palliative care programme and presents the results of a questionnaire sent to trainees exploring satisfaction with its educational value. We reviewed the number and type of articles presented at the journal club over 1 year. A questionnaire was mailed to participating family medicine residents and palliative care fellows. The number of articles presented over 1 year was 252. Pain and symptom control, psychosocial issues and drugs other than opioids were topics accounting for 72% of the presentations. Half were given by attending physician staff, 38% by trainees and 12% by multidisciplinary visitors. Palliative care fellows indicated significantly higher levels of satisfaction than family medicine residents, particularly in the areas of clinical applicability, acceptability of the daily schedule and overall educational value. The increased emphasis on evidence-based practice in palliative care suggests that a journal club could be a useful educational tool. The results from our experience could be applied to other palliative care programmes
SN  - 0269-2163
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 951
T1  - Use of technology in reproductive health information designed for communities in South Africa
A1  - Mbananga,N.
A1  - Becker,P.
Y1  - 2002/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12036235 IN - Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa AS - Health Educ Res. 17(2):195-209, 2002 Apr JC - bqp, 8608459 SB - T CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Family Planning Services
KW  - *Health Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - *HIV Infections/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Africa
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiovisual Aids
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemic
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Messages
KW  - Pamphlets
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Reproductive Health
KW  - Research
KW  - Rural Health
KW  - Sexual Behavior
KW  - South Africa
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - understanding
KW  - Urban Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 195
EP  - 209
JF  - Health Education Research
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
N2  - The need to change sexual behavior to reduce the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has highlighted the critical need for dissemination of effective reproductive health information. A wide range of media, including visual technologies, is used to provide health information to communities in South Africa. However, little is known about the ability of the technology used in communicating intended messages or on the comprehension of messages by the target audience. The study determined the ability of the technology to convey intended messages and the level of understanding of the information disseminated among the community members. A survey of both rural and urban communities of Umtata district in the Eastern Cape province was conducted to examine the readability and understanding of reproductive health information. The study revealed that urban communities understood disseminated reproductive health information better than rural. The findings also indicated that visual communication is much more problematic for older people. Frequency and consistency of reproductive health information improved the level of comprehension
SN  - 0268-1153
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 952
T1  - A method for real-time, evidence-based general medical attending rounds
A1  - McGinn,T.
A1  - Seltz,M.
A1  - Korenstein,D.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12431931 IN - Division of General Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA AS - Acad Med. 77(11):1150-2, 2002 Nov JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - New York
KW  - New York City
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teams
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1150
EP  - 1152
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 11
N2  - PURPOSE: To assess the utility and practicality of an evidence-based format in internal medicine attending rounds. METHOD: Two randomly selected teams of residents and medical students in the internal medicine program at the Montefiore Medical Center participated in "Evidence-Based Medicine Attending Month." The process entailed the development of patient-based, searchable questions, a search for the evidence, the critical appraisal of the retrieved literature, and the application of the evidence to the care of the patient. At the last meeting, participants evaluated each case by answering three questions about whether the process (1) had changed the medical management of the patient during the admission, (2) had changed the way they would manage similar patients in the future, and (3) had informed them about the disease process in general. RESULTS: A total of 12 of 16 formal EBM questions were developed and assessed (75% completion rate) during the four-week period, in addition to the standard background literature reviews usually performed. Twenty-two articles were retrieved and critically appraised. The evaluation demonstrated that 50% of the participants felt the process had changed the active management of patients currently treated by the team, 75% reported that the process would affect the care of future patients with comparable medical problems, and over 90% believed the program had informed them about the disease process. CONCLUSIONS: The formal EBM approach was conveniently implemented and enhanced the learning experience of the participants. It helped inform students' and residents' patient care at the time and their attitudes towards future patients. Hence, it is both practical and useful to perform formal EBM attending rounds
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 953
T1  - Best evidence-based practices: a historic perspective
A1  - Merenstein,G.B.
A1  - Glicken,A.D.
Y1  - 2002/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12240454 IN - University of Colorado Health Science Center, USA. Gerald.Merenstein@UCHSC.edu AS - Neonat Netw. 21(5):31-5, 2002 Aug JC - 8503921 SB - N CP - United States PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/hi [History]
KW  - *Intensive Care,Neonatal/hi [History]
KW  - *Neonatology/hi [History]
KW  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
KW  - 0 (Pulmonary Surfactants)
KW  - 0 (Steroids)
KW  - 10102-43-9 (nitric oxide)
KW  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/hi [History]
KW  - Article
KW  - Colorado
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/hi [History]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - History
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - History,21st Century
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neonatal Nursing/hi [History]
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Nitric Oxide/hi [History]
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - practice
KW  - Pulmonary Surfactants/hi [History]
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Resuscitation/hi [History]
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Steroids
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 35
JF  - Neonatal Network - Journal of Neonatal Nursing
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - Neonatologists, neonatal nurses, and others who care for critically ill newborns hope that the care they provide will improve the health and the neurodevelopmental outcome of these neonates. In this progressive era of neonatal medicine, we must pause to look backward even as we look forward, taking full advantage of the opportunity to reflect on our short history and to review several important events in neonatal medicine that have contributed in a meaningful way to the evolution of evidence-based neonatal care. Six interventions highlight why randomized controlled trials are necessary to understand the risks and benefits of our interventions with premature and critically ill infants. We hope this history of the evolving practice of evidence-based neonatal care will enable the reader to have a greater appreciation for the consideration of each and every intervention that we take on behalf of the infants in our care
SN  - 0730-0832
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 954
T1  - Teaching Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (EBCAM); changing behaviours in the face of reticence: a cross-over trial
A1  - Mills,E.
A1  - Hollyer,T.
A1  - Saranchuk,R.
A1  - Wilson,K.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11818036 IN - Department of Research, The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, North York, Canada. emills@ccnm.edu AS - BMC Med Educ. 2:2, 2002 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Complementary Therapies/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Complementary Therapies/px [Psychology]
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross-Over Studies
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - intervention program
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Naturopathy
KW  - Paper
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of teaching critical appraisal to students of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has not been studied. In this study we attempt to determine if a workshop for final year students at a naturopathic college improved their ability to utilize critical appraisal concepts. METHODS: We assigned 83 Naturopathic Interns to two groups: Group A (n = 47) or Group B (n = 36). We conducted a baseline assessment of all subjects' critical appraisal skills. Group A was assigned to receive a 3(1/2) hour workshop on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) and Group B received a workshop on bioethics (control intervention). The groups critical appraisal skills were re-evaluated at this time. We then crossed over the intervention so that Group B received the EBM workshop while Group A received the bioethics workshop. Assessment of critical appraisal skills of the two groups was again performed. RESULTS: The students mean scores were similar in Group A (14.8) and Group B (15.0) after Group A had received the intervention and Group B had received the control (p = 0.75). Group scores were not significantly improved at the end of the trial compared to at the beginning of the study (Group A: 15.1 to 16.1) (Group B 15.6 to 15.9). Student's confidence in reading research papers also did not improve throughout the course of the study. CONCLUSION: The final year is a difficult but important time to teach critical appraisal and evidence skills. Single, short intervention programs will likely yield negligible results. A multi-factorial approach may be better suited to implementing EBCAM than single short interventions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 955
T1  - A qualitative assessment of 1st-year internal medicine residents' perceptions of evidence-based clinical decision making
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Tabini,C.C.
A1  - Ebbert,J.O.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12058546 IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA AS - Teach Learn Med. 14(2):114-8, 2002 JC - dx5, 8910884 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Program Evaluation
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Systems,Clinical
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Social Perception
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 114
EP  - 118
JF  - Teaching & Learning in Medicine
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Residents' perceptions about evidence-based clinical decision making remain largely unexplored. PURPOSE: To understand how residents perceive and use evidence-based medicine in clinical decision making. METHODS: Qualitative study using a semistructured questionnaire and focus group in a postgraduate training program in internal medicine at an academic U.S. medical center. Seventeen 1st-year internal medicine residents in their 1st postgraduate year were interviewed. Six additional 1st-year residents formed a validation group. RESULTS: The interplay of time and expertise modified how physicians-in-training incorporate evidence into clinical decision making. When time was available, the residents preferred to answer their questions by searching and critically appraising the literature. This "self-acquired" expertise empowered them to help patients by using participatory decision-making styles. When time was limited, the residents turned to experts. Residents assumed that experts practiced evidence-based medicine. This "borrowed" expertise was thought to be the most efficient way of integrating evidence and clinical expertise, but it led to the use of a parental style when answers were taken back to the bedside. CONCLUSION: The practice of evidence-based medicine empowers 1st-year residents and appears to affect their choice of decision-making style. Further research is needed to better understand the link between decision-making style and evidence-based medicine
SN  - 1040-1334
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 956
T1  - Reflective practice skills in undergraduates
A1  - Murdoch-Eaton,D.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12114153 IN - Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. d.g.murdoch@leeds.ac.uk AS - Acad Med. 77(7):734, 2002 Jul JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Competence
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Faculty,Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Professional Competence/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Professional Practice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - School
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self-Evaluation Programs/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Students,Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Study
KW  - Time Management/px [Psychology]
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 734
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
N2  - Critical self-appraisal skills are fundamental to professional competence. This study evaluated the educational contribution of self-assessment during individual students' projects
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 957
T1  - [Validation study of a diagnostic test: a guide to critical appraisal. Report on the role of endobronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis]. [French]
A1  - Nendaz,M.R.
A1  - Perrier,A.
Y1  - 2002/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12524497 IN - Departement de Medecine Interne, Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Geneve, Suisse. Mathieu.Nendaz@hcuge.ch OT - Etude de validation d'un test diagnostique: un guide de lecture critique. A propos de la place de la biopsie endobronchique dans le diagnostic de la sarcoidose AS - Rev Mal Respir. 19(6):767-77, 2002 Dec JC - rz9, 8408032 SB - IM CP - France PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Validation Studies LG - French
KW  - *Sarcoidosis,Pulmonary/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Bronchoscopy
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnosis,Differential
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sarcoidosis,Pulmonary/pa [Pathology]
KW  - Study
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 767
EP  - 777
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
N2  - The case for endobronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: Faced with the continuous development of new diagnostic tests, the clinician needs to be able to critically assess their value and their clinical applicability. Using a practical example, the performance of endobronchial biopsy in diagnosing sarcoidosis, this review provides a guide for critically appraising a study evaluating a diagnostic test. The three main steps described are: 1) assessment of the validity of the results based on the scientific methods used; 2) analysis of the results with reference to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, and precision of the diagnostic test in question; 3) determination of whether the results are applicable to an individual patient or to a specific patient population
SN  - 0761-8425
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 958
T1  - Training in survey and research methods within a Master of Public Health program
A1  - Neumark,Y.
A1  - Friedlander,Y.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12613708 IN - Department of Social Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel. yneumark@md2.huji.ac.il AS - Public Health Rev. 30(1-4):217-29, 2002 JC - q9e, 0370123 SB - IM CP - Israel PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Education,Public Health Professional/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Public Health/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Schools,Public Health/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Exercise
KW  - formulation
KW  - graduate course
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Surveys
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health Practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solid
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Training
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 217
EP  - 229
JF  - Public Health Reviews
VL  - 30
IS  - 1-4
N2  - Sound decision-making and practice in public health, as in other disciplines, is contingent upon information that is properly collected, analyzed, and interpreted. We describe the content and teaching methods of a graduate course in investigative methods in public health taught within the framework of a Master of Public Health (MPH) program. Following the progressive steps of carrying out research, we highlight the main concepts and skills that a student of public health should be exposed to. This includes the formulation of the study purpose and objectives, basic study designs, definition and selection of the study population and study variables, issues related to the actual collection of data in the field including the reliability and validity of the information, and preparing the data for analysis. We describe the teaching methods that are employed including frontal lectures, individual and group-based exercises, and the use of simulated data to develop skills in the critical reading of published literature and data analysis. The integration of the learned concepts and tools into course workshops and dissertation work is also addressed. Together with training in epidemiology, statistics and other quantitative and qualitative methodologies, this course provides a solid basis for MPH graduates to tackle the public health challenges that await them
SN  - 0301-0422
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 959
T1  - Evidence-based practice in pediatric rehabilitation. [Review] [36 refs]
A1  - O'Donnell,M.E.
A1  - Roxborough,L.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12474650 IN - Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child Development and Rehabilitation Program, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. modonnell@cw.bc.ca AS - Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 13(4):991-1005, 2002 Nov JC - 9102787, cx9 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - *Rehabilitation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - children
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Pediatrics/st [Standards]
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Rehabilitation/st [Standards]
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Women's Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 991
EP  - 1005
JF  - Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
N2  - EBP is not a new concept. To practice using the newest and best research evidence, clinicians must have the knowledge and skills to find and appraise the quality of the evidence. This process starts with the formulation of a focused question, followed by an effective search for the best evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence retrieved, and integration of that best evidence into practice. There are an increasing number of resources that can provide clinicians with the best evidence and that can assist clinicians with enhancement of their EBP skills. Unique challenges exist in practicing in an evidence-based manner in the field of pediatric rehabilitation, but through the collaboration of clinicians and researchers, these challenges can be overcome. [References: 36]
SN  - 1047-9651
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 960
T1  - Knowledge translation and evidence-based perinatal/neonatal health care. [Review] [49 refs]
A1  - Ohlsson,A.
Y1  - 2002/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12240460 IN - University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. aohlsson@mtsinai.on.ca AS - Neonat Netw. 21(5):69-74, 2002 Aug JC - 8503921 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Neonatology/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Perinatology/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Consumer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Neonatology/ed [Education]
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Perinatology/ed [Education]
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Role
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
JF  - Neonatal Network - Journal of Neonatal Nursing
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - Knowledge translation is the process of bridging the gap between the overwhelming amount of research data/information/evidence and its critical appraisal, synthesis, dissemination, and application as knowledge by influential role models. Knowledge translation includes ongoing surveillance of the results of the implementation of new knowledge. By conducting research that is driven by relevant, well-defined questions and by using the most powerful study designs available, researchers generate valid new information that can later be translated into knowledge and applied in the clinical setting. Systematic reviews of the literature serve as good examples of knowledge management, when defined as "making proper use of the sum of what is known." Such reviews may identify that an intervention is effective without any harmful side effects, that it is noneffective, or that further research is warranted. Consumers of perinatal/neonatal health care or their ombudsmen should be encouraged to take part in setting the agenda and defining important outcomes for such research. [References: 49]
SN  - 0730-0832
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 961
T1  - Whither our art? Clinical wisdom and evidence-based medicine
A1  - Parker,M.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12517035 IN - School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia 4006. m.parker@mailbox.uq.edu.au AS - Med Health Care Philos. 5(3):273-80, 2002 JC - 9815900, drk SB - E, IM CP - Netherlands PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/es [Ethics]
KW  - *Judgment
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - Queensland
KW  - question
KW  - School
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 273
EP  - 280
JF  - Medicine, Health Care & Philosophy
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
N2  - The relationship between evidence-based medicine (EBM) and clinical judgement is the subject of conceptual and practical dispute. For example, EBM and clinical guidelines are seen to increasingly dominate medical decision-making at the expense of other, human elements, and to threaten the art of medicine. Clinical wisdom always remains open to question. We want to know why particular beliefs are held, and the epistemological status of claims based in wisdom or experience. The paper critically appraises a number of claims and distinctions, and attempts to clarify the connections between EBM, clinical experience and judgement, and the objective and evaluative categories of medicine. I conclude that to demystify clinical wisdom is not to devalue it. EBM ought not be conceived as needing to be limited or balanced by clinical wisdom, since if its language is translatable into terms comprehensible and applicable to individuals, it helps constitute clinical wisdom. Failure to appreciate this constitutive relation will help perpetuate medical paternalism and delay the adoption of properly evidence-based practice, which would be both unethical and unwise
SN  - 1386-7423
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 962
T1  - A new perspective on competencies for self-directed learning. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Patterson,C.
A1  - Crooks,D.
A1  - Lunyk-Child,O.
Y1  - 2002/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 11843104 IN - McMaster University, School of Nursing, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada AS - J Nurs Educ. 41(1):25-31, 2002 Jan JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Programmed Instruction
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - competency
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - self
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 25
EP  - 31
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
N2  - In baccalaureate in nursing programs, self-directed methods of education have been used for many decades. A major goal of this type of approach to education is to provide students with the necessary competencies to become lifelong learners. Students must be exposed to self-directed learning competencies to obtain the knowledge, skills, and attributes unique to their personal and professional growth. It has been proposed that six competencies are required for students to become self-directed learners: self-assessment of learning gaps; evaluation of self and others; reflection; information management; critical thinking; and critical appraisal. Each of these skills are not mutually exclusive but are interrelated in such a way that students use all or a combination of them simultaneously to direct and control their learning. [References: 12]
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 963
T1  - [Randomised controlled trials: a reading guide]. [Review] [52 refs] [French]
A1  - Perrier,A.
Y1  - 2002/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12417866 IN - Clinique de Medecine 1, Departement de Medecine, Hopital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve, Geneve, Suisse, France. Arnaud.Perrier@medecine.unige.ch OT - L'essai randomise controle: un guide de lecture AS - Rev Mal Respir. 19(4):505-14, 2002 Sep JC - rz9, 8408032 SB - IM CP - France PT - Case Reports PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - French
KW  - *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Pulmonary Disease,Chronic Obstructive/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
KW  - 0 (Steroids)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/ec [Economics]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns/st [Standards]
KW  - Pulmonary Disease,Chronic Obstructive/mo [Mortality]
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Steroids
KW  - Study
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 505
EP  - 514
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - This paper, first of a series devoted to evidence-based medicine, describes how to critically read an article on a randomised controlled intervention trial. This guide is applied to the common clinical question, whether or not to prescribe systemic glucocorticoids for patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, through the analysis of two recently published series. It comprises a three-step evaluation: the assessment of the study methods to ensure that the results are valid, the analysis of the results of the larger of the two studies, and the evaluation of whether the results can be applied to a patient whose clinical case illustrates this article. Finally, a few limitations of randomised controlled trials are discussed. [References: 52]
SN  - 0761-8425
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 964
T1  - A women's health track for internal medicine residents using evidence-based medicine
A1  - Pursley,H.G.
A1  - Kwolek,D.S.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12114163 IN - Kentucky Clinic, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, 40536, USA. hgpurs0@uky.edu AS - Acad Med. 77(7):743-4, 2002 Jul JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Women's Health
KW  - Arteries
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Cancer
KW  - challenge
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Coronary Artery Disease
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Dementia
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incontinence
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Kentucky
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Relative
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Solid
KW  - Study
KW  - Substance Abuse
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Violence
KW  - Women's Health
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 743
EP  - 744
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Evidenced-based medicine has established itself as an integral part of medical education and practice. The explosion of new knowledge in women's health and the need to teach this to internal medicine residents in an evidence-based fashion have presented a challenge to medical educators. To address this need, we developed and implemented an evidence-based women's health curriculum to be used in addition to clinical training in a women's health center for internal medicine residents. The objectives of the curriculum are to (1) define and utilize basic evidence-based medicine concepts to critically analyze women's health literature, (2) understand recent innovations in women's health from an evidence-based viewpoint, (3) gain clinical experience in women's health, and (4) apply evidence-based medicine to the clinical practice of women's health. DESCRIPTION: We designed our curriculum based on recommendations from the National Academy of Women's Health Medical Education, the American Board of Internal Medicine, the Fifth Report of the Council on Graduate Medical Education, and the results of needs assessments of internal medicine residents at our institution. Using Medline to create a women's health bibliography, an extensive literature search was performed on the following topics: osteoporosis, breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy, domestic violence, coronary artery disease in women, menopause, headaches, substance abuse in women, urinary incontinence, dementia, sexual dysfunction, and evidence-based medicine. Peer-reviewed journal articles were compiled by subject matter for placement in our clinic's resource center and were entered into a computerized database that will link with online journals and be available for electronic access. Most articles were selected based on the criteria of data published since 1990, and randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies were given preference. Weekly 45-minute sessions preceding the resident clinic in the women's health center are held in a journal-club format to review literature in a systematic fashion. Faculty and residents review and analyze one to two articles weekly. Content experts provide context and clinical expertise to resident discussions. Clinical questions, such as "Should I prescribe hormone replacement therapy to my postmenopausal patient?" are addressed in each session. Evidence-based medicine core concepts are reviewed and applied; these core concepts include the number needed to treat, absolute risk reduction, and relative risk. DISCUSSION: The women's health curriculum, weekly conferences, and clinical experience serve to update residents and clinicians in women's health literature, to exchange ideas for the improvement of women's health as it is taught in internal medicine, and to further elucidate the evidence behind what we practice and teach. The curriculum equips physicians to provide patients with solid, evidence-based interpretations of new scientific knowledge to discern truth from fallacy
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 965
T1  - Critical appraisal of alternative therapies: a mini-course
A1  - Sakowski,H.A.
A1  - Houghton,B.L.
A1  - Jeffries,W.B.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12010733 IN - Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA. hsakow@creighton.edu AS - Acad Med. 77(5):471, 2002 May JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Complementary Therapies/ed [Education]
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Alternative Therapies
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nebraska
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 471
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 5
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 966
T1  - Recognizing clinical faculty's contributions in education. [Review] [0 refs]
A1  - Schindler,N.
A1  - Winchester,D.P.
A1  - Sherman,H.
Y1  - 2002/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12228114 IN - Evanston Northestern Healthcare and Northwestern University Medical School, USA AS - Acad Med. 77(9):940-1, 2002 Sep JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Efficiency
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Reward
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Article
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Morale
KW  - participation
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Student
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 940
EP  - 941
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 9
N2  - OBJECTIVE: A faculty productivity profile system was designed to recognize faculty's contributions to administrative, educational, and research activities. It has long been recognized that clinical faculty receive little recognition or compensation for their efforts in education. Our surgery department previously had in place a recognition program for research achievements, but not for educational contributions. The new system was designed to recognize and reward all aspects of faculty contributions, including education. DESCRIPTION: The faculty productivity profile is a simple Excel document sent to each faculty member once a year. We piloted the program for the first time in 2001, recognizing faculty's contributions for the previous year. The pilot began with the formation of a committee whose first function was to identify all possible opportunities for faculty to participate as educators at our institution. This included giving lectures, participating in faculty development programs, serving as mentors, interviewing student or resident candidates, serving in administrative educational roles (e.g., clerkship or residency director), giving oral exams, or attending conferences and journal club. The committee then developed a point scale assigning each activity or contribution a value on a scale of 0-25. Each activity was then listed on the Excel form. Faculty were to fill in the number of times each activity was performed and this was multiplied by the points to obtain a weighted value. Point values for conferences were determined by percentage of conferences attended for a year (i.e., for grand rounds, those attending 0-49%, 50-75%, 75-90%, and more than 90% received 0, 20, 40, and 60 points, respectively). Points were also assigned for teaching awards and high scores on student and resident evaluations. After approval by the committee and the department chairman, the form was presented at a faculty meeting. Each faculty member then received a floppy disk with the form and was asked to complete the form and attach a supporting copy of his or her CV. The form required only input of numbers or a "yes" or "no." After submission, the clerkship coordinator input additional data from a database of conference attendance and student evaluations. Points were then calculated for each faculty member based upon his or her contributions and each activity's weighted value. A dinner was held to recognize outstanding faculty contributions. All faculty completing the form were invited and recognized and those with outstanding contributions received awards. DISCUSSION: Teaching medical students and residents is a rewarding experience; however, it requires significant time and effort. Faculty who feel their contributions are unrecognized may be more likely to burn out and less likely to continue contributing. We believe it is worthwhile to recognize faculty contributions in all areas, including education. Our pilot program had excellent participation due to the ease of using the form. We believe it has improved faculty morale and willingness to participate. We are continuing the program and plan to evaluate its impact on encouraging continued participation in teaching. [References: 0]
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 967
T1  - The promise of and problems with evidence-based medicine for paediatric asthma management. [Review] [61 refs]
A1  - Smyth,R.L.
A1  - O'Byrne,P.M.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12371908 IN - University Institute of Paediatric Health, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK. r.l.smyth@liv.ac.uk AS - Allergy. 57 Suppl 74:5-14, 2002 JC - 39c, 7804028 SB - IM CP - Denmark PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Asthma/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - children
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trials/td [Trends]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Systems,Clinical/td [Trends]
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Disease Management
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/td [Trends]
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/td [Trends]
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 14
JF  - Allergy
VL  - 57
N2  - The concept of 'evidence-based medicine' has now been in widespread use in clinical practice for over a decade. There are different types of clinical study, which may provide evidence on which to base clinical decisions, but some are much less robust than others. In making decisions about treatment, one of the highest levels of evidence in primary research is the randomized controlled trial. This study design has been used in clinical research for over 50 years. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trial are scientific studies that review, critically appraise and, where appropriate, aggregate results from a number of different randomized controlled trials. They are increasingly being used throughout health care to provide guidance about treatment. Under the auspices of The Cochrane Collaboration, systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials are being conducted across the whole of health care. One of the most active areas for this work is within the field of asthma and clinicians are now able to access a large number of different systematic reviews on The Cochrane Library. If used appropriately, they can aid the clinician in making decisions about individual patients and provide a sound evidence base from which clinical guidelines can be developed. [References: 61]
SN  - 0105-4538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 968
T1  - Basics of methodologic analysis of therapeutic trials. Part III: applicability of the results to the individual patient
A1  - Soares,I.
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2002/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12194379 IN - Servico de Medicina I, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 21(6):783-95, 2002 Jun JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Journal Article LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Cardiology
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cardiologist
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Therapeutics
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 783
EP  - 795
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
N2  - One of the most compelling questions a cardiologist (and, for that matter, any clinician) has to face involves choosing the optimal management strategy for their patients. One of the best sources of information about therapy is the randomized controlled trial, which, despite several significant shortcomings, is considered to be the gold standard in studies about therapeutics and prevention. The methodologic quality of therapeutic trials is highly variable and--as already discussed in previous articles--in order to be useful they have to be critically appraised in terms of the validity of their results, their importance, and their applicability to the individual patient. In two previous articles published in the Journal, critical appraisal of evidence in therapeutic trials was presented, concerning the validity and the importance of the results. In this article, we will present a critical appraisal of the applicability of the results to the individual patient
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 969
T1  - Basics of methodologic analysis of therapeutic trials. Part II: Importance of the results
A1  - Soares,I.
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12174523 IN - Servico de Medicina I, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 21(5):613-26, 2002 May JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Journal Article LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Cardiology
KW  - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cardiologist
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Therapeutics
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 613
EP  - 626
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - One of the most compelling questions a cardiologist (and, for that matter, any clinician) has to face involves choosing the optimal management strategy for their patients. One of the best sources of information about therapy is the randomized controlled trial, which, despite several significant shortcomings, is considered to be the gold standard in studies about therapeutics and prevention. The methodologic quality of therapeutic trials is highly variable and--as already discussed in previous articles--in order to be useful they have to be critically appraised in terms of the validity of their results, their importance, and their applicability to the individual patient. In a previous article published in the Journal, critical appraisal of evidence in therapy was presented, concerning the issue of validity. In this article, we will introduce a critical appraisal of the importance of the results obtained through randomized clinical trials, and in the final article we will discuss their applicability
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 970
T1  - Measuring the impact of medicines information services on patient care: methodological considerations. [Review] [25 refs]
A1  - Spinewine,A.
A1  - Dean,B.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12426961 IN - Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. anne.spinewine@facm.ucl.ac.be AS - Pharm World Sci. 24(5):177-81, 2002 Oct JC - bo7, 9307352 SB - IM CP - Netherlands PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Drug Information Services/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Patient Care/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - choice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - English
KW  - Europe
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methodological considerations
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - professionals
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 177
EP  - 181
JF  - Pharmacy World & Science
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Medicines information services (MISs) aim to promote the safe, effective and economic use of medicines. Results from published studies suggest that they provide effective information, which in many cases results in improved patient outcome. However, there are several methodological issues that are important in the interpretation of such studies. AIM: To address methodological issues in the evaluation of MISs. OBJECTIVES: To carry out a critical appraisal of papers assessing the impact on patient outcome of passive information given to health care professionals, to identify the key methodological issues and to make recommendations for future research in Europe. METHODS: Literature search to identify relevant papers meeting the inclusion criteria, critical evaluation of the methods used. RESULTS: Most studies have been conducted in the United States. Various methodological considerations were identified: study design, sampling, data collection, choice of outcome measures, and validity. The results of each study are interpreted in view of the methods used. In addition, the implications of the methods selected on the validity, reliability and generalisability of the results are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future studies are provided, in order to maximise validity and reliability. [References: 25]
SN  - 0928-1231
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 971
T1  - [The art of reading an article on quality of life research. New check list available to facilitate a critical evaluation]. [Swedish]
A1  - Sullivan,M.
Y1  - 2002/06/27/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12170683 IN - Goteborgs universitet, sektionen for vardforskning, Institutionen for invartesmedicin, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Goteborg. marianne.sullivan@medicine.gu.se OT - Konsten att lasa en artikel om livskvalitetsforskning. Nu finns checklistan for att underlatta en kritisk vardering AS - Lakartidningen. 99(26-27):2933-8, 2002 Jun 27 JC - l0n, 0027707 SB - IM CP - Sweden PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Swedish
KW  - *Health Status
KW  - *Psychometrics/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Quality of Life
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Research
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment efficacy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2933
EP  - 2938
JF  - Lakartidningen
VL  - 99
IS  - 26-27
N2  - During the past decade health-related quality of life has been applied in clinical trials in many chronic diseases to such an extent that it is now feasible as outcome in systematic reviews. A recent report on treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed how an evidence based review could be completed with health-related quality of life as one of the primary outcome measures. Thus, patient-reported outcome of treatment efficacy is nowadays adequately standardised for scientific reviews according to the conventional criteria of evidence based medicine. In addition, specific criteria are needed with reference to conceptual and measurement models, psychometric standard of instruments and interpretability of results. Current experience is presented in a check list to facilitate reading and evaluation of articles in quality of life research
SN  - 0023-7205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 972
T1  - [Search and appraisal of literatures and methods to use Internets in evidence based neurology]. [Japanese]
A1  - Uchiyama,S.
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12784700 IN - Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University AS - Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 42(11):1182-5, 2002 Nov JC - 0417466, df2 SB - IM CP - Japan PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Japanese
KW  - *Cerebrovascular Accident/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer System
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - economics
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - grades
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Internet
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Organization
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Adjusted Life Year
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1182
EP  - 1185
JF  - Rinsho Shinkeigaku - Clinical Neurology
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
N2  - A national guideline for stroke management is currently being made on the basis of evidence collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other types of clinical studies, which have been searched using computer system, as well as systematic reviews by the Cochrane Collaboration. In this guideline, grades of recommendation will be determined according to the levels of evidence. In critical appraisal for clinical trials, evaluation of validity in the methodology of trials and in the analysis of treatment effects are crucial. In estimating the quality of metaanalysis, a pivotal issue is to check the possibility of selection bias in RCTs. Indices for the assessment of treatment effects include relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), and number needed to treat (NNT). Besides, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility are used in medical economics. Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and disability-adjusted years (DALY) have recently been proposed by the World Health Organization as the indices for the effect on quality of life as well
SN  - 0009-918X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 973
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for occupational health.[see comment]
A1  - Verbeek,J.H.
A1  - van Dijk,F.J.
A1  - Malmivaara,A.
A1  - Hulshof,C.T.
A1  - Rasanen,K.
A1  - Kankaanpaa,E.E.
A1  - Mukala,K.
Y1  - 2002/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12109560 IN - Coronel Institute for Work, Environment and Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.h.verbeek@amc.uva.nl CM - Comment in: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2002 Oct;28(5):358-9; author reply 359-60; PMID: 12432990, Comment in: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003 Feb;29(1):78-9; PMID: 12630440, Comment in: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2003 Feb;29(1):79-80; PMID: 12630441 AS - Scand J Work Environ Health. 28(3):197-204, 2002 Jun JC - ueb, 7511540 SB - IM CP - Finland PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Occupational Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Occupational Health
KW  - *Occupational Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Case Report
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Needs
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Occupational Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications,Cardiovascular/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Subject Headings
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vocabulary,Controlled
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 197
EP  - 204
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine the feasibility and utility of methods used in evidence-based medicine for some common questions in the practice of occupational medicine. METHODS: The following clinical questions were generated that were representative of the type of problems encountered by occupational health physicians: is work a cause of health problems and is impaired health a cause of diminished work capacity for a specific job? Answers were generated according to the method used in evidence-based medicine by formulating an answerable question, searching the literature, critically appraising the results, and applying the results to the clinical question. RESULTS: Answers were found to all the questions in a reasonable amount of time. The searches revealed a need for more systematic reviews and studies that use work-related health outcomes like return to work. However, there is more evidence available in Medline than is generally assumed by occupational health physicians. Using this evidence led to better clinical decisions. Pitfalls during the literature search were typing mistakes, problems in using medical subject headings, and unreliable search strategies. With the use of the abstracts only, most clinical questions could be answered satisfactorily, but concrete risk estimates were often lacking. The lack of availability of full text journals decreased the reliability of the critical appraisal and risk estimation. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based medicine is a feasible and useful method for occupational medicine. Instruction and training is needed for most occupational health physicians to increase their searching and critical appraisal skills. More research is needed to determine the information needs of occupational health physicians and to develop tools that facilitate literature searches
SN  - 0355-3140
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 974
T1  - Evidence based care in the neurosciences. [Review] [21 refs]
A1  - Wiebe,S.
A1  - Demaerschalk,B.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12035831 IN - Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada AS - Can J Neurol Sci. 29(2):115-9, 2002 May JC - cj9, 0415227 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Neurosciences
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - content
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - methods
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - Ontario
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 119
JF  - Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
N2  - We examine the relevance of Evidence Based Care (EBC) to the field of clinical neurosciences, with particular emphasis on feasible methods of implementing EBC in clinical practice. By using pre-appraised EBC summaries, busy clinicians can move toward EBC without engaging in the laborious process of searching and critically appraising the literature. After reviewing the neurological content, accessibility and ease of use of current sources of EBC summaries, we find them substantially lacking in coverage of the neurosciences, and therefore of limited use to clinicians in this field. We emphasize a particular type of EBC summary, the critically appraised topic, and comment on its usefulness and limitations as a tool to assist clinical decision-making in the neurosciences. Finally, we propose that a collection of easily accessible, good quality, peer reviewed critically appraised topics, covering a breadth of relevant topics, is a reasonable way of moving toward EBC in the clinical neurosciences. [References: 21]
SN  - 0317-1671
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 975
T1  - The role of health literacy in patient-physician communication. [Review] [84 refs]
A1  - Williams,M.V.
A1  - Davis,T.
A1  - Parker,R.M.
A1  - Weiss,B.D.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12038721 IN - Department of Family Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. mwillia@emory.edu AS - Fam Med. 34(5):383-9, 2002 May JC - fal, 8306464 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Language Arts
KW  - *Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiovisual Aids
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - elderly
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Education
KW  - health literacy
KW  - Health Status
KW  - History
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Public Hospital
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Subject Headings
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 383
EP  - 389
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients' health literacy is increasingly recognized as a critical factor affecting patient-physician communication and health outcomes. We reviewed research on health literacy, examined its impact on patient-physician communication, and offer recommendations to enhance communication with patients who have poor health literacy. METHODS: We conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE database for January 1966 through July 2001. The keywords "literacy" and "health literacy" were searched independently and in combination with the medical subject headings (MeSH) "physician-patient communication," "communication," and "reading." RESULTS: Poor health literacy is common, especially among elderly patients. More than 33% of patients ages 65 and older have inadequate or marginal health literacy, as do up to 80% of patients in public hospital settings. Patients with poor health literacy have a complex array of communication difficulties, which may affect health outcomes. Such patients report worse health status and have less understanding about their medical conditions and treatment; they may have increased hospitalization rates. Professional and public awareness of the health literacy issue must be increased, beginning with education of medical students and physicians and improved patient-physician communication skills. CONCLUSIONS: Future research needs to address identification of optimal methods for communicating with patients who have low literacy skills. This should focus on the effect of poor health literacy on patients' ability to communicate their history and physicians' ability to solicit information, as well as identifying the most-effective techniques to educate patients. [References: 84]
SN  - 0742-3225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 976
T1  - Assessment of AACN baccalaureate nursing education curriculum model in the People's Republic of China: a transcultural exploratory study
A1  - Xu,Y.
A1  - Davis,D.C.
A1  - Clements,C.
A1  - Xu,Z.
Y1  - 2002/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12096363 IN - Department of Community/Mental Health Nursing, the University of South Alabama (USA), College of Nursing, Mobile, AL 36688, USA AS - J Prof Nurs. 18(3):147-56, 2002 May-Jun JC - h3p, 8511298 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Cross-Cultural Comparison
KW  - *Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - discrimination
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Faculty,Nursing
KW  - health
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
EP  - 156
JF  - Journal of Professional Nursing
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - This study examines the relevance of The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1998) to baccalaureate nursing curriculum development in the People's Republic of China. A Likert-type survey was developed to measure Chinese nurse educators' perceptions regarding the 21 key concepts extracted from The Essentials document in both the present curriculum and an ideal curriculum across three dimensions: importance, cultural relevance, and extent of exposure. Surveys were sent to all known baccalaureate nursing programs in China (N = 22) with a 50 percent return rate. Descriptive statistical analyses supported the universality of the majority of the 21 key concepts from The Essentials document. Some of the concepts, however, were not as readily transferable because of differences in the Chinese sociopolitical and cultural contexts for baccalaureate nursing education. Findings from this study lend support for the potential global relevance of The Essentials document. Additional transcultural and comparative studies are recommended to further test the relevance of The Essentials document in other cultures. Meanwhile, international nurse educators need to be aware of the possible limits of adopting The Essentials document without values clarification, critical discrimination, and adaptation to their home cultures. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved
SN  - 8755-7223
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 977
T1  - A critical appraisal team for nurses
A1  - Ziegler,L.
A1  - Joffe,C.
A1  - Hay,N.
Y1  - 2002/07/23/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12168270 IN - School of Health Studies, University of Bradford AS - Nurs Times. 98(30):39-40, 2002 Jul 23-29 JC - 0423236, o9u SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Institutional Management Teams
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 40
JF  - Nursing Times.2003 Mar 11-17; 99(10): 35.
J1  - Nursing Times
VL  - 98
IS  - 30
N2  - Research findings are essential to the progress of the profession, but they are not always relevant or easily accessible. Literature searches can also be off-putting because of the sheer volume of material available. The critical appraisal team is a nurse-led initiative set up to tackle these problems. It responds directly to the research needs of nurses in the workplace, supplying staff with concise, reliable research that can be used to benefit practice
SN  - 0954-7762
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 978
T1  - Galactosylated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel submicrometer particles for specific cellular uptake within hepatocytes 556
A1  - Choi,S.H.
A1  - Yoon,J.J.
A1  - Park,T.G.
Y1  - 2002/07/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16290701 IN - Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, 305-701, Korea (South) AS - J Colloid Interface Sci. 251(1):57-63, 2002 Jul 1 JC - HUJ, 0043125 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Colloid
KW  - Endocytosis
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Flow Cytometry
KW  - Gene
KW  - Gene Expression
KW  - journal
KW  - Korea
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - Protein
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Temperature
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 63
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
VL  - 251
IS  - 1
N2  - Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel submicrometer particles were prepared by free radical copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid in the presence of a crosslinker above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). They exhibited a reversible swelling and deswelling behavior: ca. 200-nm diameter below the LCST and ca. 100-nm diameter above the LCST. The hydrogel particles were tagged with fluorescent dye (FITC) in order to monitor the extent of cellular uptake and were further modified with galactose moieties to evaluate the extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis against HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to investigate cellular uptake behaviors of the submicrometer particles. It was found that the extent of cellular uptake of submicrometer particles was far greater above the LCST than below the LCST, suggesting that smaller particles were taken up more readily within cells. When the submicrometer particles were galactosylated, the extent of cellular uptake increased dramatically due to receptor-mediated endocytosis. This study proposes a new possibility of controlling intracellular events such as protein and gene expression by a thermally modulated endocytosis process using thermo-sensitive microgel beads
SN  - 0021-9797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 979
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: an introduction for psychiatrists 623
A1  - Gray,G.E.
Y1  - 2002/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15985849 IN - Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA AS - J PSYCHIATR PRACT. 8(1):5-13, 2002 Jan JC - 100901141 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 13
JF  - Journal of Psychiatric Practice
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been defined by Sackett as "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." Practicing evidence-based medicine requires the ability to apply a knowledge of medical informatics and clinical epidemiology to the treatment of individual patients. This article provides an introduction to the history, philosophy, and methods of evidence-based medicine for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. The article focuses on a systematic approach to efficiently finding the best evidence to answer clinical questions. Particular emphasis is given to a method for critically appraising papers that emphasizes validity, importance, and clinical applicability. Resources for further learning are provided
SN  - 1527-4160
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 980
T1  - Academic recognition of critical appraisal and systematic reviews in British postgraduate medical education
A1  - Alderson,P.
A1  - Gliddon,L.
A1  - Chalmers,I.
Y1  - 2003/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12654124 AS - Med Educ. 37(4):386, 2003 Apr JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 386
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 981
T1  - [Necessity for using evidence-based medicine in making clinical decisions based on the example of erectile dysfunction]. [Russian]
A1  - Apolikhin,O.I.
A1  - Abdullin,I.I.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12846086 OT - Neobkhodimost' ispol'zovaniia dokazatel'no meditsiny v priniatii klinicheskikh resheni na primere erektil'no disfunktsii AS - Urologiia. (3):3-7, 2003 May-Jun JC - 100900900, djw SB - IM CP - Russia PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Russian
KW  - *Impotence/th [Therapy]
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - choice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - question
KW  - Standard
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 7
JF  - Urologiia (Moscow, Russia)
IS  - 3
N2  - The choice of the method to treat erectile dysfunction is often not easy. The evidence-based approach to the critical appraisal of the medical literature could help us to find the best way. All the available information was critically assessed in order to find the answer to the question: Ds sildenafil effective in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus? All sources of information have been analysed including medical text books and the sources from the university of Cochrane library. The result of the analysis was the following: sildenafil is effective with a B degree of significance in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus. This allows us to recommend sildenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. The above algorithm of the critical assessment of the primary medical literature can be used for preparing standards of urological diseases treatment
SN  - 1728-2985
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 982
T1  - Developing a nursing protocol for over-the-counter medications in high school. [Review] [7 refs]
A1  - Awbrey,L.M.
A1  - Juarez,S.M.
Y1  - 2003/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12562220 IN - Student Support Services, Visalia Unified School District, Visalia, CA, USA AS - J Sch Nurs. 19(1):12-5, 2003 Feb JC - bgs, 9206498, 9206498 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Drugs,Non-Prescription/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Nursing Assessment/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *School Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - 0 (Drugs,Non-Prescription)
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - High School
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment/mt [Methods]
KW  - Nursing Assessment/st [Standards]
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Physician
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - Protocols
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Safety
KW  - School
KW  - Schools/st [Standards]
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 15
JF  - Journal of School Nursing.1999 Dec; 15(5): 40-3.(8 ref)
J1  - Journal of School Nursing
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
N2  - Management of medications in school is one of the critical roles that school nurses carry out in the school setting. In recent years, parents have come to question the medication procedures that school districts follow. Parents question why a physician's order is required for school personnel to provide over-the-counter (OTC) medications to their child at school. How do school districts balance the safety of students with the needs of parents wanting their children to have access to OTC medications at school? Following legal guidelines helps to reduce the risk for school nurses. Through the development and utilization of Nursing Standardized Protocols, high school nurses are able to provide nonprescription analgesics for specific common student complaints such as noninjury headaches and dysmenorrhea. On the basis of nursing knowledge and judgment, school nurses provide this service, which results in students returning to class quickly, feeling better, and being ready to learn. [References: 7]
SN  - 1059-8405
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 983
T1  - Postgraduate musculoskeletal fellowship training in the United States: current trends and future direction
A1  - Berquist,T.H.
A1  - Bancroft,L.W.
A1  - Kransdorf,M.J.
A1  - Peterson,J.J.
A1  - Anderson,M.R.
A1  - Walters,R.M.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12698272 IN - Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. berquist.Thomas@mayo.edu AS - Skeletal Radiol. 32(6):337-42, 2003 Jun JC - ute, 7701953 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum/td [Trends]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/td [Trends]
KW  - *Fellowships and Scholarships/td [Trends]
KW  - *Musculoskeletal Diseases/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Musculoskeletal Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Radiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Radiology/td [Trends]
KW  - Accreditation/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Career
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Imaging
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW  - Management
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Pain
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Positron Emission Tomography
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Radiofrequency Ablation
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Responses
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/td [Trends]
KW  - Tomography,X-Ray Computed
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - trends
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 337
EP  - 342
JF  - Skeletal Radiology
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To document current postgraduate musculoskeletal training program (accredited and unaccredited) curricula and approaches to education. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Questionnaires were sent to all musculoskeletal training programs. Responses regarding radiology residency and fellowship program sizes, types of imaging and invasive procedures included, and other program parameters were solicited. Features of accredited and unaccredited programs were compared. Teaching approaches, including the use of web-based or distance learning were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-nine (73%) of 40 musculoskeletal programs responded to the questionnaire. Twenty-eight percent of programs were accredited and 72% unaccredited. Radiology residencies were also present at all responding institutions (the majority had a class size of 4-8/year). Residency programs in related specialties included pathology 96%, orthopedics and rheumatology 90%, oncology 83% and pain management 69%. The majority (93-100%) provided training in radiography, MRI and CT. Spine MRI was included in 69% of programs, ultrasonography in 62% and positron emission tomography in 24%. Arthrography and diagnostic and therapeutic injections (100%) were included in all programs. Other invasive procedures, including spine and radiofrequency ablation, were offered less frequently. Teaching approaches included conferences (100%), journal clubs (62%), multidisciplinary conferences (45-90%), web-based learning (30%) and distance learning (7%). Forty-one percent of programs offered off-site rotations. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of musculoskeletal training programs prepared trainees for private or academic practice. There are inconsistencies that could be improved to better prepare trainees for careers in musculoskeletal imaging
SN  - 0364-2348
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 984
T1  - The role of the information specialist in the systematic review process: a health information case study
A1  - Beverley,C.A.
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Bath,P.A.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12786905 IN - Systematic Reviews Information Officer, Information Resources Section, Information Resources Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, UK. C.A.Beverley@sheffield.ac.uk AS - Health Info Libr J. 20(2):65-74, 2003 Jun JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Libraries,Medical
KW  - *Medical Informatics/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Professional Role
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - data
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health information
KW  - Hearing Impaired Persons/ed [Education]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Institutional Management Teams
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Organizational Case Studies
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 74
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - There is an increasing body of literature on the information specialist's role in supporting evidence-based health care. In particular, the information component in systematic reviews has received considerable attention in recent years. Information professionals have evolved from simply acting as 'evidence locators' and 'resource providers' to being quality literature filterers, critical appraisers, educators, disseminators, and even change managers. This paper describes ten possible roles for information professionals in the systematic review process, using a case study of a review of the health information needs of visually impaired people carried out by the Centre for Health Information Management Research (CHIMR) at the University of Sheffield. This health information review was undertaken entirely by a team of information professionals. The ten roles identified are: project leader, project manager, literature searcher, reference manager, document supplier, critical appraiser, data extractor, data synthesiser, report writer and disseminator. This review has also identified an eleventh possible role for information professionals; that of primary researcher. Finally, the implications for evidence-based health care and evidence-based health informatics are discussed
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 985
T1  - Challenges to the practice of evidence-based medicine during residents' surgical training: a qualitative study using grounded theory
A1  - Bhandari,M.
A1  - Montori,V.
A1  - Devereaux,P.J.
A1  - Dosanjh,S.
A1  - Sprague,S.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2003/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14604884 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. bhandari@sympatico.ca AS - Acad Med. 78(11):1183-90, 2003 Nov JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Guideline Adherence
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Coding
KW  - Communication
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Fear
KW  - Female
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - reform
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgical Patient
KW  - Surgical Training
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1190
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 11
N2  - PURPOSE: To examine surgical trainees' barriers to implementing and adopting evidence-based medicine (EBM) in the day-to-day care of surgical patients. METHOD: In 2000, 28 surgical residents from various subspecialties at a hospital affiliated with McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences in Ontario, Canada, participated in a focus group (n = 8) and semistructured interviews (n = 20) to explore their perceptions of barriers to the practice of EBM during their training. Additional themes were explored, such as definitions of EBM and potential strategies to implement EBM during training. The canons and procedures of the grounded theory approach to qualitative research guided the coding and content analysis of the data derived from the focus group and semistructured interviews. RESULTS: Residents identified personal barriers, staff-surgeon barriers, and institutional barriers that limited their ability to apply EBM in their daily activities. Residents perceived their lack of education in EBM, time constraints, lack of priority, and fear of staff disapproval as major challenges to practicing EBM. Moreover, the lack of ready access to surgical EBM resource materials proved to be an important additional factor limiting EBM surgical practice. Residents identified several strategies to overcome these barriers to EBM, including hiring staff surgeons with EBM training, offering coursework in critical appraisal for all staff, improving interdepartmental communication, and providing greater flexibility for EBM training. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical residents identified a general lack of education, time constraints, lack of priority, and staff disapproval as important factors limiting incorporation of EBM. Curriculum reform and surgeon education may help overcome these barriers
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 986
T1  - Closing the loop: assessing the effectiveness of psychiatric competency measures
A1  - Bienenfeld,D.
A1  - Klykylo,W.
A1  - Lehrer,D.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12969834 IN - Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Box 927, Dayton, OH 45401-0927, USA. david.bienenfeld@wright.edu AS - Acad Psychiatry. 27(3):131-5, 2003 JC - 8917200 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Psychiatry/st [Standards]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - competency
KW  - Competency Assessment
KW  - Credentialing
KW  - Education
KW  - Endpoint Determination
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - Feedback
KW  - graduate education
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - medical training
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychotherapy/st [Standards]
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Resident
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 131
EP  - 135
JF  - Academic Psychiatry
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: During the past several years there has been a growing emphasis on competency assessment in graduate education in all specialties, including psychiatry. Methods of assessment are continuously being devised and refined. OBJECTIVE: To outline principles and methods of assessing the validity of competency measures and their relevance to trainees. METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature relevant to competency assessment and quality improvement in the fields of elementary and secondary education, adult learning, undergraduate medical education, and postgraduate medical training. Three means were used to evaluate the assessment program: 1) The authors surveyed graduates and credentialing agencies for feedback on the relevance of the measures they previously developed for current and envisioned future practice of psychiatry; 2) They measured the completion rates of competency measures by residents in the first 3 years of a program, measuring general psychiatric competencies; and 3) They surveyed residents and faculty regarding satisfaction with the existing process. RESULTS: Despite small numbers, the results indicated that measures devised in 1998 were relevant to the practice of psychiatry in 2001 and envisioned by practitioners for the subsequent 5 to 10 years. Resident completion rates of competency requirements indicated that the structure of the measures was appropriately paced to parallel the learning expectations of the training program. Participant satisfaction with the process of developing and implementing the measures was high. CONCLUSIONS: While devising and implementing competency assessments is critical, the process should not stop with the application of the measures. Ongoing evaluation of these measures for their continued suitability is essential. Training programs can readily determine the effectiveness of competency programs and improve them as necessary
SN  - 1042-9670
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 987
T1  - Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome. [Review] [74 refs]
A1  - Bizzini,M.
A1  - Childs,J.D.
A1  - Piva,S.R.
A1  - Delitto,A.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12570282 IN - Department of Physical Therapy, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland AS - J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 33(1):4-20, 2003 Jan JC - 7908150, brm SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Knee Joint/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - *Pain/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Femur/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Patella/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Review
KW  - Sport
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 20
JF  - Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.Vol.36(6)()(pp 385-402), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature. OBJECTIVES: To develop a grading scale to judge the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and conduct a systematic review of the published RCTs that assess nonoperative treatments for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews of the quality and usefulness of clinical trials allow for efficient synthesis and dissemination of the literature, which should facilitate clinicians' efforts to incorporate principles of evidence-based practice in the clinical decision-making process. METHODS AND MEASURES: Using a scale based on criteria in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, we sought to critically appraise the methodology used in RCTs related to the nonoperative management of PFPS, synthesize and interpret our results, and report our findings in a user-friendly fashion. A scale to assess the methodological quality of trials was designed and pilot tested for its content and reliability. Published RCTs identified during a literature search were then selected and rated by 6 raters. We used predefined cutoff scores to identify specific weaknesses in the clinical research process that need to be improved in future clinical trials. RESULTS: The quality scale we developed was demonstrated to be sufficiently reliable to warrant interpretation of the reviewers' findings. The percentage of trials that met a minimum level of quality for each specific criterion ranged from a low of 25% for the adequacy of the description of the randomization procedure to a high of 95% for the description and standardization of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of trials exhibiting a sufficient level of quality, treatments that were effective in decreasing pain and improving function in patients with PFPS were acupuncture, quadriceps strengthening, the use of a resistive brace, and the combination of exercises with patellar taping and biofeedback. The use of soft foot orthotics in patients with excessive foot pronation appeared useful in decreasing pain. In addition, at a short-term follow-up, patients who received exercise programs were discharged earlier from physical therapy. Unfortunately, most RCTs reviewed contained qualitative flaws that bring the validity of the results into question, thus diminishing the ability to generalize the results to clinical practice. These flaws were primarily in the areas of randomization procedures, duration of follow-up, control of cointerventions, assurance of blinding, accountability and proper analysis of dropouts, number of subjects, and the relevance of outcomes. Also, given the limited number of high-quality clinical trials, recommendations about supporting or refuting specific treatment approaches may be premature and can only be made with caution. [References: 74]
SN  - 0190-6011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 988
T1  - Clear-cut?: facilitating health librarians to use information research in practice
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Brice,A.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12757435 IN - Information Resources Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. A.Booth@shffield.ac.uk AS - Health Info Libr J. 20 Suppl 1:45-52, 2003 Jun JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - form
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Innovation
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research/ed [Education]
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 52
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
N2  - In 1999, staff at the universities of Sheffield and Oxford commenced an unfunded project to examine whether it is feasible to apply critical appraisal to daily library practice. This aimed to establish whether barriers experienced when appraising medical literature (such as lack of clinical knowledge, poor knowledge of research methodology and little familiarity with statistical terms) might be reduced when appraising research within a librarian's own discipline. Innovative workshops were devised to equip health librarians with skills in interpreting and applying research. Critical Skills Training in Appraisal for Librarians (CRISTAL) used purpose-specific checklists based on the Users' Guides to the Medical Literature. Delivery was via half-day workshops, based on a format used by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Two pilot workshops in Sheffield and Oxford were evaluated using a brief post-workshop form. Participants recorded objectives in attending, their general understanding of research, and whether they had read the paper before the workshop. They were asked about the length, content and presentation of the workshop, the general format, organization and learning environment, whether it had been a good use of their time and whether they had enjoyed it. Findings must be interpreted with caution. The workshops were enjoyable and a good use of time. Although the scenario selected required no clinical knowledge, barriers remain regarding statistics and research methodology. Future workshops for librarians should include sessions on research design and statistics. Further developments will take forward these findings
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 989
T1  - How to teach evidence-based medicine. [Review] [35 refs]
A1  - Bradt,P.
A1  - Moyer,V.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12875363 IN - Department of Pediatrics, UT-Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, Suite 2.106, Houston, TX 77030, USA. pamela.j.bradt@uth.tmc.edu AS - Clin Perinatol. 30(2):419-33, 2003 Jun JC - dhh, 7501306 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior Change
KW  - challenge
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 419
EP  - 433
JF  - Clinics in Perinatology.Vol.33(1)()(pp 133-140), 2006.
J1  - Clinics in Perinatology
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
N2  - Learning to practice EBM provides physicians with the tools needed to overcome some of the common barriers they face when trying to use the medical literature to solve patient problems. It does require a change in attitude and behavior and is likely to be met with some resistance. Understanding the learners' stage of behavior change is likely to facilitate educational intervention. Behavior change does not occur unless physicians are convinced of the benefits of practicing EBM. Easy access to evidence-based summaries facilitates the use of high-quality evidence. Developing the ability to access information from the medical literature, critically appraising it, and applying it to patient care requires skills that need to be taught. Most practicing physicians were not taught these skills in medical school. Excellent resources are available from which to learn and teach EBM. Multiple exposures using a variety of formats are most effective. Finally, a tool to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge and skills needed to practice EBM recently has been validated. Despite ongoing challenges, learning and teaching EBM has never been easier and each year brings new and better tools to help practitioners and educators use the best available evidence. Box 2 lists suggestions for getting started. [References: 35]
SN  - 0095-5108
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 990
T1  - Information skills training: a systematic review of the literature. [Review] [27 refs]
A1  - Brettle,A.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12757431 IN - Health Care Practice R&D Unit, University of Salford, Salford, UK. a.brettle@salford.ac.uk AS - Health Info Libr J. 20 Suppl 1:3-9, 2003 Jun JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Computer User Training/st [Standards]
KW  - *Information Management/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Inservice Training/st [Standards]
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - Affect
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Competency-Based Education
KW  - content
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Role
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 9
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
N2  - The objectives of this study were to undertake a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of information skills training, to identify effective methods of training and to determine whether information skills training affects patient care. A systematic review, using an iterative approach to searching, was employed. Studies selected for inclusion in the review were critically appraised using a tool used in previous reviews. A tabular approach was used to provide a summary of each paper allowing synthesis of results. One thousand, three hundred and fifty-seven potentially relevant papers were located. On the basis of titles and abstracts, 41 potentially relevant studies were identified for potential inclusion. Further reading and application of the inclusion criteria left 24 studies for critical appraisal and inclusion in the review. Study designs included randomised controlled trials, cohort designs and qualitative studies. The majority of studies took place in US medical schools. Wide variations were found in course content and training methods. Eight studies used objective methods to test skills, two compared training methods and two examined the effects on patient care. There was limited evidence to show that training improves skills, insufficient evidence to determine the most effective methods of training and limited evidence to show that training improves patient care. Further research is needed in a number of areas. [References: 27]
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 991
T1  - Integration of information literacy into a revised medical school curriculum
A1  - Brown,J.F.
A1  - Nelson,J.L.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14527141 IN - Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, 2003 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9130, USA. jbrown@usc.edu AS - Med Ref Serv Q. 22(3):63-74, 2003 JC - mrs, 8219208 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer User Training
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 74
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California's newly revised Year I-II curriculum integrates information literacy components based on the AAMC's medical informatics objectives throughout the two-year continuum. Students are required to participate in various components taught by librarians from the Norris Medical Library including (1) an information skills workshop, (2) a yearlong literature search project, and (3) an evidence-based medicine resources workshop. Critical appraisal of literature also is included in the curriculum to ensure that the students are familiar with the various research study designs. Librarians also provide resources to assist students in researching learning issues related to cases presented in the curriculum. To encourage the faculty mentors to serve as good models of information users, librarians offer brief training sessions on information resources to faculty
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 992
T1  - The Yorkshire BARRIERS project: diagnostic analysis of barriers to research utilisation
A1  - Bryar,R.M.
A1  - Closs,S.J.
A1  - Baum,G.
A1  - Cooke,J.
A1  - Griffiths,J.
A1  - Hostick,T.
A1  - Kelly,S.
A1  - Knight,S.
A1  - Marshall,K.
A1  - Thompson,D.R.
A1  - Yorkshire,BARRIERS project
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12550152 IN - Community and Primary Care Nursing, Public Health and Primary Care Unit, St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, Philpot Street, London E1 2EA, UK. r.m.bryar@city.ac.uk AS - Int J Nurs Stud. 40(1):73-84, 2003 Jan JC - gs8, 0400675 SB - IM, N CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Communication Barriers
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nursing Staff/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - City
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Factor Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Staff/ed [Education]
KW  - Peers
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
EP  - 84
JF  - International Journal of Nursing Studies
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
N2  - The study identified barriers to research implementation experienced by nurses, midwives and health visitors in five trusts and one health authority in Yorkshire, UK. Funk et al. (Appl. Nurs. Res. 4(1) (1991a) 39, Appl. Nurs. Res. 4(2) (1999b) 90) developed the BARRIERS to research utilisation questionnaire over 10 years ago, but no replication, in size (n = 1989) and extent, of that study appeared to have occurred. The staff population (n = 4501) were sent the BARRIERS questionnaire. 44.6% (n = 2009) were returned. Findings suggested nurses need time to read and apply research; authority to change practice; critical appraisal skills, an understanding of statistics and support of managers and peers (particularly doctors) to achieve successful practice change. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd
SN  - 0020-7489
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 993
T1  - Critically Appraised Topics (CAT) peer-to-peer network
A1  - Castro,J.
A1  - Wolf,F.
A1  - Karras,B.
A1  - Tolentino,H.
A1  - Marcelo,A.
A1  - Maramba,I.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14728311 IN - Medical Education and Biomedical Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA AS - AMIA Annu Symp Proc. :806, 2003 JC - 101209213 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Dissemination/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computer Communication Networks
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - Philippines
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - problems
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Symposium
JF  - AMIA
VL  - Annual
N2  - A peer-to-peer network of Critically Appraised Topics or CATs would allow sharing of relevant clinical information regarding specific clinical problems among physicians. This proposed network would enable clinicians to develop and share CATs to other users within the network. This poster describes a proposed implementation of a peer-to-peer internet based sharing of critically appraised topics in the Philippines
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 994
T1  - Effects of a nursing literature reading course on promoting critical thinking in two-year nursing program students
A1  - Chen,F.C.
A1  - Lin,M.C.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12820077 IN - Department of Nursing, Chun-Hwa College of Medical Technology AS - J Nurs Res. 11(2):137-47, 2003 Jun JC - 101128757, 101128757 SB - IM, N CP - China (Republic: 1949- ) PT - Clinical Trial PT - Controlled Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Associate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Medicine in Literature
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - China
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - Factor Analysis,Statistical
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Perception
KW  - Performance
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Reading
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Research
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Variance
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing assignments
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 147
JF  - Journal of Nursing Research: JNR
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - Critical thinking is essential for professional nursing practice. Promoting critical thinking with teaching strategies has been a focus of nursing education and nursing research. Reading and writing assignments are teaching strategies for fostering critical thinking ability. We developed a course with the emphasis on critical reading and writing. The purposes of this study were to explore the effect of the course and teaching strategies on promoting critical thinking and to understand the learning experience and perception of nursing students as part of the course assessment plan. Quasi-experimental design and purposive sampling were used. 170 students of a two-year nursing program were grouped into an experimental and a control group depending on whether or not they took the course. The change in critical thinking ability was evaluated and determined based on performance in an article critique test before and after the course. Data was collected with an assessment tool developed for the purposes of the research and was analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures and content analysis. The findings were: (1) The scores on the critique test at the end of the course in both groups were significantly higher than before the course (p<.001). The improvement in score of the experimental group, however, was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<.001). (2) Changes in thinking pattern and learning attitude, as well as a feeling of growth and achievement, were found in content analysis of students' self-evaluation of their learning experience and perception. Critical thinking skills were applied while learning the course. The results not only provide evidence to support the positive effect of reading and writing assignments on critical thinking ability but also confirm the teaching and learning activity design for the course
SN  - 1682-3141
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 995
T1  - Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. I. Clinical chemistry
A1  - Christopher,M.M.
A1  - Stokol,T.
A1  - Sharkey,L.
A1  - Education Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14655106 IN - Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. mmchristopher@ucdavis.edu AS - Vet Clin Pathol. 32(4):202-8, 2003 JC - 9880575 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Guideline PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Chemistry,Clinical/ed [Education]
KW  - *Chemistry,Clinical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Veterinary
KW  - *Pathology,Veterinary/ed [Education]
KW  - *Pathology,Veterinary/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Internship,Nonmedical
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Needs
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 202
EP  - 208
JF  - Veterinary Clinical Pathology
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: The Education Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology identified a need for improved structure and guidance of clinical pathology resident training in clinical chemistry. OBJECTIVES: The committee's goal was to develop learning objectives and competencies in knowledge, abilities, and skills in clinical chemistry; provide options and ideas for training activities; and identify clinical chemistry resources useful for clinical pathology faculty, training program coordinators, and residents. METHODS: Guidelines were developed and written with the input of Education Committee members and peer experts. RESULTS: The primary objectives of clinical chemistry training are: 1) to accrue a thorough, extensive, and relevant knowledge base of the types, principles, and properties of clinical chemistry tests and concepts of pathophysiology in animals; 2) to develop abilities to reason, think critically, and exercise judgment in clinical chemistry data interpretation, investigative problem-solving, and hypothesis-driven research; and 3) to acquire technical and statistical skills important in clinical chemistry and laboratory operations. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines define expected competencies that will help ensure proficiency, leadership, and the advancement of knowledge in veterinary clinical chemistry and provide a useful framework for didactic and clinical activities in resident training programs. The learning objectives can readily be adapted to institutional and individual needs, interests, goals, and resources
SN  - 0275-6382
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 996
T1  - A collaborative approach for improving information literacy skills of dental hygiene students
A1  - Cobban,S.J.
A1  - Seale,L.N.
Y1  - 2003/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16451546 IN - Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada. sandy.cobban@ualberta.ca AS - Int. j. dent. hyg.. 1(1):49-56, 2003 Feb JC - 101168070 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer Literacy
KW  - *Dental Hygienists/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Management/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Alberta
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom instruction
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - instruction
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Management
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - Skill
KW  - Software
KW  - Student
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 56
JF  - International Journal of Dental Hygiene
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practitioners need to develop proficiency in locating and evaluating necessary information from a variety of sources, a concept known as information literacy. One potential source of information is the World Wide Web; however, the wide range in the quality of information available through the Internet indicates a need for strong critical appraisal skills. OBJECTIVES: To facilitate development of these skills in dental hygiene students, dental hygiene faculty collaborated with a librarian to implement a project to improve information literacy skills and integrate the use of the Internet into dental hygiene course work. METHODS: Students were required to develop a scenario about an aspect of dental hygiene practice, such as client health concern, practice management, or selection of an appropriate dental hygiene therapy. Students were to search the Internet, locate and evaluate a website that could address their scenario, and post this information and additional comments to a text-based computer conferencing section of a class website. Web CT software, particularly the computer conferencing function, was used to support asynchronous online activities. Student evaluation of the assignment was conducted using a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Mean ratings for structure variables ranged from 3.94 to 3.81. Slightly lower mean ratings for process variables, ranging from 3.74 to 3.21, suggest room for improvement to activities. Mean ratings for outcome variables, ranging from 4.42 to 3.29, suggest achievement of the desired learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: Evaluation results warrant the continued inclusion of asynchronous online activities in conjunction with face-to-face classroom instruction
SN  - 1601-5029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 997
T1  - Using clinical vignette assignments to teach medical informatics
A1  - Connor,E.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14711047 IN - Ross University, Commonwealth of Dominica. confdez@bellsouth.net AS - Med Ref Serv Q. 22(4):31-44, 2003 JC - mrs, 8219208 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer User Training/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - choice
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Dominica
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Hospitals,Teaching
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 44
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
N2  - In response to curricular changes, many academic health sciences librarians have participated in curriculum planning and/or developed informatics course requirements for students enrolled at health sciences universities. This article describes the use of clinical vignette assignments, student journal club activities, and vignette-type multiple choice questions to teach and assess skills related to managing biomedical information, communicating effectively, basic computing, and life-long learning
SN  - 0276-3869
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 998
T1  - A systematic review of postgraduate teaching in evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal. [Review] [23 refs]
A1  - Coomarasamy,A.
A1  - Taylor,R.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14741863 IN - Education Resource Centre, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK. a.coomarasamy@bham.ac.uk AS - Med Teach. 25(1):77-81, 2003 Jan JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Author
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Needs
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 81
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - The knowledge and skills needed for critical literature appraisal and evidence-based practice have not been covered in undergraduate education until recently. These educational needs are, therefore, often met through postgraduate education via courses, workshops and journal clubs. Previous reviews have generally considered postgraduates and undergraduates together. However, there is evidence that the effectiveness of educational interventions varies between postgraduates and undergraduates. In this study the authors therefore examine the effectiveness of evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal teaching at postgraduate level. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Best Evidence and SCI. Seventeen studies were identified: two randomized trials, six controlled trials without randomization and nine before-and-after studies. The studies showed a significant improvement in knowledge, but not in attitude, skills or behaviour. However, to draw robust conclusions, well-designed trials are needed that focus on curriculum content and delivery as well as how outcomes are assessed. [References: 23]
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 999
T1  - Evidence-based mental health policy: a critical appraisal. [Review] [63 refs]
A1  - Cooper,B.
Y1  - 2003/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12893663 IN - Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK. spjubco@iop.kcl.ac.uk AS - Br J Psychiatry. 183:105-13, 2003 Aug JC - 0342367, b1k SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Health Policy/td [Trends]
KW  - *Mental Health Services/st [Standards]
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Planning
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Preventive Health Services/st [Standards]
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - service evaluation
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 113
JF  - British Journal of Psychiatry.Vol.189(OCT.)()(pp 309-316), 2006.
J1  - British Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 183
N2  - BACKGROUND: Arguments for and against evidence-based psychiatry have mostly centred on its value for clinical practice and teaching. Now, however, use of the same paradigm in evaluating health care has generated new problems. AIMS: To outline the development of evidence-based health care; to summarise the main critiques of this approach; to review the evidence now being employed to evaluate mental health care; and to consider how the evidence base might be improved. METHOD: The following sources were monitored: publications on evidence-based psychiatry and health care since 1990; reports of randomised trials and meta-analytic reviews to the end of 2002; and official British publications on mental health policy. RESULTS: Although evidence-based health care is now being promulgated as a rational basis for mental health planning in Britain, its contributions to service evaluation have been distinctly modest. Only 10% of clinical trials and meta-analyses have been focused on effectiveness of services, and many reviews proved inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence-based approach is overly reliant on meta-analytic reviews, and is more applicable to specific treatments than to the care agencies that control their delivery. A much broader evidence base is called for, extending to studies in primary health care and the evaluation of preventive techniques. [References: 63]
SN  - 0007-1250
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1000
T1  - Nursing ethics, caring and culture
A1  - Cortis,J.D.
A1  - Kendrick,K.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12572763 IN - School of Healthcare Studies, Baines Wing, University of Leeds LS2 9UT, Leeds, UK. j.d.cortis@leeds.ac.uk AS - Nurs Ethics. 10(1):77-88, 2003 Jan JC - b6m, 9433357 SB - E, N CP - England NT - 31 refs. KIE Bib: nursing ethics; professional patient relationship PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude to Health/eh [Ethnology]
KW  - *Cultural Characteristics
KW  - *Empathy
KW  - *Ethics,Nursing
KW  - *Nurse's Role
KW  - *Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - *Nursing Care/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Anthropology,Cultural
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Culture
KW  - Emigration and Immigration
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Ethnic Group
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - evidence
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Pakistan/eh [Ethnology]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 88
JF  - Nursing Ethics: an International Journal for Health Care Professionals
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
N2  - Recent years have witnessed the publication of numerous articles that draw a critical alignment between ethics and caring. In essence, this theme suggests that caring is a moral pursuit centred on the beneficent attention of one person shown to another. Yet, if such language is to have real poignancy, it must be geared towards an inclusive agenda that meets the needs of all within the community. Research evidence suggests that this is not always the case, especially in terms of the care offered to members of minority ethnic groups. This article will focus on the findings of a qualitative research study that explored the expectations and perceived experiences of nursing care among members of the Pakistani community in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK. The findings suggest that nurses should develop a more informed narrative that readily reflects the needs of the Pakistani community
SN  - 0969-7330
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1001
T1  - Effectiveness of medical resident education in mechanical ventilation.[see comment][comment]
A1  - Cox,C.E.
A1  - Carson,S.S.
A1  - Ely,E.W.
A1  - Govert,J.A.
A1  - Garrett,J.M.
A1  - Brower,R.G.
A1  - Morris,D.G.
A1  - Abraham,E.
A1  - Donnabella,V.
A1  - Spevetz,A.
A1  - Hall,J.B.
Y1  - 2003/01/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12406827 IN - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA CM - Comment in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Sep 15;168(6):718; author reply 718-9; PMID: 12963581, Comment on: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Jan 1;167(1):4-5; PMID: 12502470 AS - Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 167(1):32-8, 2003 Jan 1 JC - 9421642, bzs SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Respiration,Artificial
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cost
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - instruction
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Organization
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - Personal Satisfaction
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Positive End Expiratory Pressure
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Tidal Volume
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Ventilator
KW  - Weaning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 32
EP  - 38
JF  - American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 167
IS  - 1
N2  - Specific methods of mechanical ventilation management reduce mortality and lower health care costs. However, in the face of a predicted deficit of intensivists, it is unclear whether residency programs are training internists to provide effective care for patients who require mechanical ventilation. To evaluate these educational outcomes, we administered a validated 19-item case-based test and survey to resident physicians at 31 diverse U.S. internal medicine residency programs nationwide. Of 347 senior residents, 259 (75%) responded. The mean test score was 74% correct (SD, 14%; range, 37 to 100%). Important items representing evidence-based standards of critical care answered incorrectly were as follows: use of appropriate tidal volume in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (48% incorrect), identifying a patient ready for a weaning trial (38% incorrect), and recognizing indication for noninvasive ventilation (27% incorrect). Most accurately identified pneumothorax (86% correct) and increased intrathoracic positive end-expiratory pressure (93% correct). Better scores were associated with "closed" versus "open" intensive care unit organization (76 versus 71% correct, p = 0.001), resident perception of greater versus lesser ventilator knowledge (79 versus 71% correct, p = 0.001), and graduation from a U.S. versus international medical school (75 versus 69% correct, p = 0.033). Although overall training satisfaction correlated strongly with program use of learning objectives (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001), only 46% reported being satisfied with their mechanical ventilation training. We conclude that senior residents may not be gaining essential evidence-based knowledge needed to provide effective care for patients who require mechanical ventilation. Residency programs should emphasize evidence-based learning objectives to guide mechanical ventilation instruction
SN  - 1073-449X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1002
T1  - A Web-based compendium of clinical questions and medical evidence to educate internal medicine residents. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Crowley,S.D.
A1  - Owens,T.A.
A1  - Schardt,C.M.
A1  - Wardell,S.I.
A1  - Peterson,J.
A1  - Garrison,S.
A1  - Keitz,S.A.
Y1  - 2003/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12634206 IN - Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. crowl004@mc.duke.edu AS - Acad Med. 78(3):270-4, 2003 Mar JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Trials
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 274
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 3
N2  - The authors designed an electronic database of clinical questions (CQs) and medical evidence and implemented it in 2001-02 at Duke University Medical Center and the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. This Web-based data collection system is called the Critical Appraisal Resource (CAR) and is still in operation. This report is of ten months of the system's operation. During their medicine ward rotations, residents entered CQs into the CAR; they also entered Medline reference links and validated article summaries. Residents' utilization of the CAR database, Medline, and other electronic resources was prospectively measured. In addition, residents were prospectively surveyed regarding the impact of each question and associated reference on medical decision making for individual patients. Over ten months, residents entered 625 patient-based CQs into the CAR and were able to obtain useful information from the medical literature on 82% of the CQs they searched. The two most prevalent CQ types were therapy and diagnosis questions (53% and 22%). Sixty percent of the therapy articles considered useful were reports of randomized controlled trials. Residents obtained 77% of their useful data from Medline. They reported that obtaining useful data altered patient management 47% of the time. Residents used the CAR as a resource, searching the database for information 1,035 times over the study period. In summary, the use of an evidence-based critical appraisal resource led residents to engage the medical literature on behalf of their patients and influenced approximately half of their patient-care decisions. Residents benefited from questions previously searched by other residents, allowing them to address a wider spectrum of CQs during ward rotations. [References: 12]
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1003
T1  - Teaching palliative care to critical care medicine trainees.[see comment]
A1  - DeVita,M.A.
A1  - Arnold,R.M.
A1  - Barnard,D.
Y1  - 2003/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12682501 IN - Departments of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA CM - Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1289-90; PMID: 12682514 AS - Crit Care Med. 31(4):1257-62, 2003 Apr JC - dtf, 0355501 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Palliative Care
KW  - *Specialties,Medical/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude to Death
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Fellowships and Scholarships
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - palliative care
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Role Playing
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1257
EP  - 1262
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Palliative care is an important component of critical care medicine. Few fellowship programs have developed a curriculum designed to teach palliative care precepts to trainees. We describe our 2-yr experience in teaching palliative care to multidisciplinary critical care medicine fellows. DESIGN: Two-consecutive-year palliative care training for unselected critical care medicine fellows at a large, urban, university, tertiary care medical center. INTERVENTIONS: We 1) identified palliative care skills and knowledge that first-year critical care fellows should acquire; 2) developed a curriculum to teach those skills and knowledge, including required readings, small group lectures and skills sessions that included role-playing to modify skills and attitudes, and (in year 2) experiential learning on a hospital-based palliative care rotation; and 3) attempted to evaluate the curriculum with attitude and knowledge assessments. RESULTS: A total of 35 fellows participated in the palliative care training during the 2 yrs reported. Seven fellows participated in a clinical rotation in palliative care. Fellows evaluated usefulness of the small group sessions between 4.4 and 4.9 on a 5-point Likert scale. Four of seven fellows rated the clinical rotation quality at 3/5. Pretest and posttest knowledge mean scores were 58% and 69%, respectively. Problems included providing time for fellows to participate in the clinical rotation and negative attitudes regarding the relevance of palliative care to their future in critical care. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care training for critical care fellows is feasible. Fellows value skills training more than a clinical rotation in palliative care. Baseline knowledge of palliative care is low
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1004
T1  - Designing, conducting, and evaluating journal clubs in orthopaedic surgery
A1  - Dirschl,D.R.
A1  - Tornetta,P.,III
A1  - Bhandari,M.
Y1  - 2003/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12897604 IN - Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, OP31, Portland, OR 97239, USA. dirschld@ohsu.edu AS - Clin Orthop. (413):146-57, 2003 Aug JC - 0075674, dfy SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Orthopedics/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 146
EP  - 157
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research.(413)()(pp 55-62), 2003.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research
IS  - 413
N2  - The first record of a journal club was that founded in 1875 by Sir William Osler at McGill University for the purchase and distribution of periodicals to which he could not afford to subscribe as an individual. Evidence-based medicine is becoming an accepted educational paradigm in medical education at various levels. An analysis of the literature related to journal clubs in residency programs in specialties other than orthopaedic surgery reveals that the three most common goals were to teach critical appraisal skills (67%), to have an impact on clinical practice (59%), and to keep up with the current literature (56%). The implementation of the structured article review checklist has been found to increase resident satisfaction and improves the perceived educational value of the journal club without increasing resident workload or decreasing attendance at the conference. Periodic evaluation of the conference and the institution of appropriate changes ensures that the journal club remains a valuable and successful part of the training program
SN  - 0009-921X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1005
T1  - Evidence-based veterinary medicine: what it is, what it isn't and how to do it
A1  - Doig,G.S.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15084055 IN - Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital Pacific Highway, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065. gdoig@med.usyd.edu.au AS - Aust Vet J. 81(7):412-5, 2003 Jul JC - 9ie, 0370616 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Veterinary Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Animals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical literature
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Wales
KW  - Web
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
EP  - 415
JF  - Australian Veterinary Journal
VL  - 81
IS  - 7
N2  - EBM represents a more formal process for considering the merits of published research in the context of clinical decision making. By combining the application of formal rules of evidence in evaluating the clinical literature (critical appraisal) with the ability to conduct efficient and effective literature searches, any clinician is able to keep current on topics of interest. Learning the core skills that enable the practice of EBM is easier than expected. The EBM Working Group published a series of Users' Guides to enable clinicians to learn critical appraisal of the primary literature in a systematic fashion. The complete series of Users' Guides is available free of charge over the web (www. CCHE.net). Similarly, PubMed, which contains a number of easy to use search filters (Clinical Queries) that can identify high-quality papers published in key veterinary journals, is also available free of charge over the web (www.PubMed.org). How ever one obtains the core skills, an efficient, structured approach to the practice of EBM can actually reduce the amount of time one requires to keep current by helping the user locate and identify methodologically rigorous research. Although the entire process can be self-taught, as with any new technique, other effective ways to bring these new skills into your practice setting include attending a conference workshop or even hiring a new graduate who has already been trained in the process
SN  - 0005-0423
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1006
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine in 2025--what will remain?]. [German]
A1  - Donner-Banzhoff,N.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12891975 IN - Abteilung fur Allgemeinmedizin, Rehabilitative und Praventive Medizin, Universitat Marburg. norbert@med.uni-marburg.de OT - Evidenzbasierte Medizin 2025--was bleibt? AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 97(4-5):307-10, 2003 Jul JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - conflict
KW  - controversies
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - scientific basis
KW  - Study
KW  - Symposium
KW  - Time
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 307
EP  - 310
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 97
IS  - 4-5
N2  - The reader is invited to attend a symposium on the long-term impact of Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) held in 2025. When EBM emerged for the first time, there had been great expectations, not all of which were fulfilled. Against the background of many vested interests evidence from clinical studies was not always welcome. Nor had EBM been able to abolish controversy and conflict within the health care system. But EBM had been associated with a substantial change of clinical mentality with practitioners becoming more cooperative, more self-critical and open for a scientific basis of their work. Although the reasoning of doctors has remained within a narrative framework, EBM has provided them with a critical tool for diagnosis, causal relations and intervention
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1007
T1  - Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS): evaluation of a behavioural marker system
A1  - Fletcher,G.
A1  - Flin,R.
A1  - McGeorge,P.
A1  - Glavin,R.
A1  - Maran,N.
A1  - Patey,R.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12697584 IN - Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, UK AS - Br J Anaesth. 90(5):580-8, 2003 May JC - 0372541 SB - IM CP - England PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Anesthesiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anesthesiology/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - College
KW  - Consumer Satisfaction/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - form
KW  - frameworks
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - practice
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Responses
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Validity
KW  - Videotape Recording
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 580
EP  - 588
JF  - British Journal of Anaesthesia
VL  - 90
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Non-technical skills are critical for good anaesthetic practice but are not addressed explicitly in normal training. Realization of the need to train and assess these skills is growing, but these activities must be based on properly developed skills frameworks and validated measurement tools. A prototype behavioural marker system was developed using human factors research techniques. The aim of this study was to conduct an experimental evaluation to establish its basic psychometric properties and usability. METHOD: The Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system prototype comprises four skill categories (task management, team working, situation awareness, and decision making) divided into 15 elements, each with example behaviours. To investigate its experimental validity, reliably and usability, 50 consultant anaesthetists were trained to use the ANTS system. They were asked to rate the behaviour of a target anaesthetist using the prototype system in eight videos of simulated anaesthetic scenarios. Data were collected from the ratings forms and an evaluation questionnaire. RESULTS: The results showed that the system is complete, and that the skills are observable and can be rated with acceptable levels of agreement and accuracy. The internal consistency of the system appeared sound, and responses regarding usability were very positive. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the evaluation indicated that the ANTS system has a satisfactory level of validity, reliability and usability in an experimental setting, provided users receive adequate training. It is now ready to be tested in real training environments, so that full guidelines can be developed for its integration into the anaesthetic curriculum
SN  - 0007-0912
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1008
T1  - Interventions aimed at improving reading success: an evidence-based approach. [Review] [95 refs]
A1  - Foorman,B.R.
A1  - Breier,J.I.
A1  - Fletcher,J.M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14561564 IN - Department of Pediatrics and Center for Academic Reading Skills, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 77030, USA. Barbara.R.Foorman@uth.tmc.edu AS - Dev Neuropsychol. 24(2-3):613-39, 2003 JC - dlx, 8702038 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S PT - Review NO - HD30995 (NICHD) NO - HD35938 (NICHD) LG - English
KW  - *Dyslexia/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Intervention Studies
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom instruction
KW  - Consensus
KW  - content
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Education,Special
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Science
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - History,21st Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - Integration
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Kindergarten
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - Learning Disorders
KW  - meaning
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Policy
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psychology/hi [History]
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading difficulties
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading interventions
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - reading success
KW  - Remedial Teaching
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 613
EP  - 639
JF  - Developmental Neuropsychology
VL  - 24
IS  - 2-3
N2  - There is a consensus among researchers about the critical elements for effective reading instruction. These elements are the integration of explicit instruction in the alphabetic principle, reading for meaning, and opportunity to learn. These critical elements are present in classroom instruction that prevents reading difficulties as well as effective small-group and one-on-one interventions. Research on effective classroom instruction and reading interventions is described, and the case is argued that the most effective intervention is provided early--in kindergarten through 2nd grade--rather than after 3rd grade, and allows for sufficient intensity, duration, and supportiveness that no child is left behind. Policy implications for changes in (a) the way learning disabilities are identified and (b) the content of professional development of teachers are discussed. [References: 95]
SN  - 8756-5641
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1009
T1  - Evidence-based decision making in action: Part 2--evaluating and applying the clinical evidence
A1  - Forrest,J.L.
A1  - Miller,S.A.
Y1  - 2003/02/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12595932 IN - National Center for Dental Hygiene Research at the University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jforrest@hsc.usc.edu AS - J Contemp Dent Pract. 4(1):42-52, 2003 Feb 15 JC - 101090552 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Support Techniques
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Tooth Bleaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Dental Devices,Home Care
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - question
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Tooth Bleaching/ec [Economics]
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 42
EP  - 52
JF  - Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice [Electronic Resource]
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - This is the second of a two-part series addressing the use of evidence-based decision making (EBDM) in the use of home bleaching. In Part 1, a case scenario demonstrated the skills involved in (1) structuring a clinical question and (2) conducting an online search using PubMed.1 Part 2 demonstrates the third and fourth steps in the EBDM process, i.e., (3) critical appraisal to assess the validity of a study and (4) applying that information to clinical decision making. This 4-step approach to EBDM recognizes that clinicians can never be completely current with all conditions, medications, materials, and products. Thus, EBDM provides a mechanism for addressing these gaps in knowledge in order to provide the best care possible
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1010
T1  - Randomised controlled trial of a theoretically grounded tailored intervention to diffuse evidence-based public health practice [ISRCTN23257060]
A1  - Forsetlund,L.
A1  - Bradley,P.
A1  - Forsen,L.
A1  - Nordheim,L.
A1  - Jamtvedt,G.
A1  - Bjorndal,A.
Y1  - 2003/03/13/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12694632 IN - Directorate for Health and Social Affairs, Postbox 8054 Dep, 0031 Oslo, Norway. louise.forsetlund@shdir.no AS - BMC Med Educ. 3:2, 2003 Mar 13 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - *Public Health
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Integration
KW  - intervention
KW  - ISRCTN/ISRCTN23257060
KW  - Job Satisfaction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Letter
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health Practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Scales
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Study
KW  - values
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that Norwegian public health physicians do not systematically and explicitly use scientific evidence in their practice. They work in an environment that does not encourage the integration of this information in decision-making. In this study we investigate whether a theoretically grounded tailored intervention to diffuse evidence-based public health practice increases the physicians' use of research information. METHODS: 148 self-selected public health physicians were randomised to an intervention group (n = 73) and a control group (n = 75). The intervention group received a multifaceted intervention while the control group received a letter declaring that they had access to library services. Baseline assessments before the intervention and post-testing immediately at the end of a 1.5-year intervention period were conducted. The intervention was theoretically based and consisted of a workshop in evidence-based public health, a newsletter, access to a specially designed information service, to relevant databases, and to an electronic discussion list. The main outcome measure was behaviour as measured by the use of research in different documents. RESULTS: The intervention did not demonstrate any evidence of effects on the objective behaviour outcomes. We found, however, a statistical significant difference between the two groups for both knowledge scores: Mean difference of 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2-0.6) in the score for knowledge about EBM-resources and mean difference of 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0-0.3) in the score for conceptual knowledge of importance for critical appraisal. There were no statistical significant differences in attitude-, self-efficacy-, decision-to-adopt- or job-satisfaction scales. There were no significant differences in Cochrane library searching after controlling for baseline values and characteristics. CONCLUSION: Though demonstrating effect on knowledge the study failed to provide support for the hypothesis that a theory-based multifaceted intervention targeted at identified barriers will change professional behaviour
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1011
T1  - Reading nursing research: easy as ABCD
A1  - Frame,K.
A1  - Kelly,L.
Y1  - 2003/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14622041 IN - Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA AS - J Sch Nurs. 19(6):326-9, 2003 Dec JC - bgs, 9206498, 9206498 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *School Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - research process
KW  - School
KW  - School Nursing
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 326
EP  - 329
JF  - Journal of School Nursing.1999 Dec; 15(5): 40-3.(8 ref)
J1  - Journal of School Nursing
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
N2  - Professional practice is built on sound knowledge specific to each discipline. This knowledge is developed and validated through a process of scientific investigation or research. However, lack of knowledge about the research process acts as a barrier to applying evidence-based practice within the school setting. Understanding the components that make up a research study facilitates critical analysis and application in school nursing practice. This article describes a straightforward method for analyzing research studies, enabling school nurses to understand and apply current research in their daily practice
SN  - 1059-8405
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1012
T1  - [Critical appraisal of evidence on diagnostic tests]. [Japanese]
A1  - Furukawa,T.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12652687 IN - Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya City University, Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601 AS - Rinsho Byori. 51(1):19-23, 2003 Jan JC - 2984781r, kiv SB - IM CP - Japan PT - English Abstract PT - Lectures LG - Japanese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Checklist
KW  - City
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Japan
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Likelihood Functions
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 23
JF  - Rinsho Byori - Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
N2  - The article explains the use of stratum-specific likelihood ratios(SSLRs) and the use of a checklist for critically appraising articles on diagnostic tests. The author recommends the use of SSLRs over sensitivity/specificity when evaluating the test characteristics of a given test, because the former retains as much information as possible of the test. Critical appraisal of a diagnostic test forms a part of the practice of evidence-based medicine(EBM). The particular importance of paying attention to work-up bias and spectrum bias when evaluating a diagnostic test is emphasized. It is hoped that future studies in laboratory medicine will follow these guidelines
SN  - 0047-1860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1013
T1  - Psychometric properties of Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal for a sample of education majors
A1  - Gadzella,B.M.
A1  - Balolu,M.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12931944 IN - Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce, 75429, USA AS - Psychol Rep. 92(3 Pt 2):1249-54, 2003 Jun JC - qf6, 0376475 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Problem Solving
KW  - *Psychology,Educational/ed [Education]
KW  - *Questionnaires
KW  - *Students
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - grades
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychometrics/mt [Methods]
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Sample
KW  - special education
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - t
EP  - 54
JF  - Psychological Reports
VL  - 92
IS  - 3:Pt 2
N2  - Psychometric properties of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Form A, were computed for 135 education majors. Analyses of reliability (internal consistency and split-half) and validity (concurrent and predictive) showed that the scale was reliable and valid measuring critical thinking abilities for students majoring in education. The best predictors of the Educational Psychology course grades were the Inference and Deduction subscale scores
SN  - 0033-2941
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1014
T1  - Effectiveness of training health professionals in literature search skills using electronic health databases--a critical appraisal. [Review] [20 refs]
A1  - Garg,A.
A1  - Turtle,K.M.
Y1  - 2003/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12641528 IN - Postgraduate Education Centre, Chorley District General Hospital, Preston Road, Chorley, UK AS - Health Info Libr J. 20(1):33-41, 2003 Mar JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Computer User Training
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical
KW  - *Program Evaluation
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medline
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 41
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - The objective was to assess the effect on health professionals' skills of one to eight hours literature search and retrieval training from electronic health databases. We searched: Cochrane library (2002; Issue 3), MEDLINE (1977-2002/5), EMBASE (1980-2002/7); CINAHL (1982-2002/5); ASSIA (1982-2002/7), BNI (1994-2002/5), ERIC (1985-2002/6); LISA (1969--current), NRR (2002, Issue 2), the world-wide-web and references. The selection criteria consisted of randomised controlled trials, controlled before and after, and controlled cohort studies in comparison with no training. The intervention had to be one to eight hours training in literature search and retrieval skills for health professionals. The outcome was the effect on health professionals' literature search and retrieval skill levels measured through reliable instruments. For data collection and ana-lysis, one reviewer extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies and the second reviewer checked it. The results indicate that there is some evidence of positive impact on health professionals' skill levels in literature searching and they find the training useful. In conclusion, the size of the positive effect is debatable as only three small and methodologically weak studies met the inclusion criteria and out of those only two showed the positive effect. [References: 20]
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1015
T1  - Evidence-based evaluation of benefits in therapeutic interventions: methodologically controlled and non-randomly assigned reflections on the number needed to treat. [Review] [21 refs]
A1  - Gensini,G.F.
A1  - Conti,A.A.
Y1  - 2003/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12762269 IN - Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italian Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Florence, Italy AS - Ital Heart J. 4(2):80-3, 2003 Feb JC - dk4, 100909716 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Myocardial Infarction/mo [Mortality]
KW  - Myocardial Infarction/th [Therapy]
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - Risk Reduction Behavior
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 80
EP  - 83
JF  - Italian Heart Journal: Official Journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: The number needed to treat (NNT), calculated as the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction, is a parameter that provides quantitative information on the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The introduction of this parameter was provoked by the demonstration that physicians were not too familiar with the percentage expressions of risk reduction, but preferred, in assessing the efficacy of a treatment in the context of a clinical trial, numbers that directly indicated patients. DESCRIPTION: Although the results of the evolution in the concept of the NNT have been available for various years, the diffusion of such parameters is still poor. The frequency of explicit reporting of the NNT in the published randomized controlled trials of five major biomedical journals has been recently assessed. This review has shown that in 359 eligible papers, the NNT was recorded in only eight articles. This represents a major drawback of biomedical literature, since the NNT allows health operators to understand how much effort is needed to prevent a given event. CONCLUSIONS: The NNT represents a measure of immediate and major clinical impact, and should always be reported, when appropriate, as an expression of the results of clinical trials. As a single number, it cannot stand alone as the sole justification for including a new treatment in the therapeutic armamentarium; still, it should be seen as an indicator by means of which the same treatment may be critically considered. It seems therefore appropriate to require that authors publishing results of clinical trials should provide readers with the information necessary to allow them to make responsible decisions; in this case, adopting the useful tool constituted by the NNT. [References: 21]
SN  - 1129-471X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1016
T1  - Critical appraisal skills of family physicians in Ontario, Canada
A1  - Godwin,M.
A1  - Seguin,R.
Y1  - 2003/12/02/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14651755 IN - Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston(K7L 5E9), Canada. godwinm@post.queensu.ca AS - BMC Med Educ. 3:10, 2003 Dec 2 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Physicians,Family
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Canada
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Gender
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Mail
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Responses
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Our primary objective in this study was to measure family physicians' knowledge of the key elements that go into assessing the validity and interpreting the results in three different types of studies: i) a randomized controlled trial (RCT); ii) a study evaluating a diagnostic test; and iii) a systematic review (SR). Our secondary objectives were to determine the relationship between the above skills and age, gender, and type of practice. METHODS: We obtained a random sample of 1000 family physicians in Ontario from the College of Family Physicians of Canada database. These physicians were sent a questionnaire in the mail with follow-up mailings to non-responders at 3 and 8 weeks. The questionnaire was designed to measure knowledge and understanding of the basic concepts of critical appraisal skills. Based on the responses to the questions an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) Knowledge Score was determined for each physician. RESULTS: A response rate of 30.2% was achieved. The respondents were younger and more likely to be recent graduates than the population of Ontario Family Physicians as a whole. This was an expected outcome. Just over 50% of respondents were able to answer questions concerning the critical appraisal of methods and the interpretation of results of research articles satisfactorily. The average score on the 12-point EBM Knowledge Scale was 6.4. The younger physicians scored higher than the older physicians, and academic physicians scored higher than community-based physicians. Scores of male and female physicians did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that in a population of physicians which is younger than the general population of physicians, about 50% have reasonable knowledge regarding the critical appraisal of the methods and the interpretation of results of a research article. In general, younger physicians were more knowledgeable than were older physicians. EBM principles were felt to be important to the practice of medicine by 95% of respondents
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1017
T1  - Journal clubs for continued professional development
A1  - Grant,M.J.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12757439 IN - Salford Centre for Nursing, Midwifery and Collaborative Research, University of Salford, Salford, UK. m.j.grant@salford.ac.uk AS - Health Info Libr J. 20 Suppl 1:72-3, 2003 Jun JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Staff Development
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 3
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1018
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and psychiatric practice
A1  - Gray,G.E.
A1  - Pinson,L.A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14686461 IN - Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles 90059, USA. grgray@cdrewu.edu AS - Psychiatr Q. 74(4):387-99, 2003 JC - qbp, 0376465 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - 5-R24-MH61456-02 (NIMH) LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Informatics Applications
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Mental Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychiatry/ed [Education]
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 387
EP  - 399
JF  - Psychiatric Quarterly
VL  - 74
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been defined as "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." EBM requires the ability to apply a knowledge of medical informatics (e.g., efficiently searching the medical literature) and clinical epidemiology (e.g., being able to critically appraise the literature) to the treatment of individual patients. This article provides an introduction to the history, philosophy, and methods of EBM as applied to psychiatric practice. The article summarizes the five-step EBM model: (1) formulate the question; (2) search for answers; (3) appraise the evidence; (4) apply the results; and (5) assess the outcome. Resources (including Web sites) for further learning are provided
SN  - 0033-2720
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1019
T1  - A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations.[see comment]
A1  - Gupta,M.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12787171 IN - Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada CM - Comment in: J Eval Clin Pract. 2003 May;9(2):123-7; PMID: 12787172, Comment in: J Eval Clin Pract. 2003 May;9(2):129-32; PMID: 12787173, Comment in: J Eval Clin Pract. 2003 May;9(2):133-5; PMID: 12787174, Comment in: J Eval Clin Pract. 2003 May;9(2):137-9; PMID: 12787175 AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 9(2):111-21, 2003 May JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/es [Ethics]
KW  - *Social Values
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - basic values
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Decision Making/es [Ethics]
KW  - definition
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/es [Ethics]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - epistemological assumptions
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Morals
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Support/es [Ethics]
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 111
EP  - 121
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a concept that has grown to dominate the medical literature over the last decade. EBM has provoked a variety of criticisms, scientific, philosophical and sociological. However, while its basic conclusion--that we should practise EBM--is ethical, there has been limited ethical analysis of EBM. This paper aims to provide an analysis of EBM from an ethical perspective and identify some of EBM's potential ethical implications. Following a description of what constitutes EBM, this paper will identify and assess some of the basic values and epistemological assumptions of EBM that provide support for the moral duty to practise EBM. It will then examine potential ethical implications that could arise from practising EBM, given the challenges that have been made of EBM's assumptions and claims to authority. This paper will conclude by arguing that practitioners could strengthen the ethics of EBM by embracing a broader definition of evidence and including ethical criteria in the critical appraisal of research studies
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1020
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medicine to surgical subspecialty residents
A1  - Haines,S.J.
A1  - Nicholas,J.S.
Y1  - 2003/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12892813 IN - Departments of Neurological Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA AS - J Am Coll Surg. 197(2):285-9, 2003 Aug JC - bzb, 9431305 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Neurosurgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - brain
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Fracture
KW  - health
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 285
EP  - 289
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
VL  - 197
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Curricula for the teaching of evidence-based medicine to residents have been the subject of reports, analyses, and commentary. Specific programs for teaching evidence-based medicine principles to surgical subspecialty residents have not been identified by the authors. The objective of this article is to report our experience in establishing a teaching program in the principles of evidence-based medicine to surgical subspecialty residents. STUDY DESIGN: We established a teaching program in the principles of evidence-based medicine for neurosurgical residents in a busy neurosurgical training program. Two hours were set aside every other week, replacing traditional professors' rounds with sessions led jointly by a neurosurgeon and an epidemiologist, but based on case presentations from patients currently being treated. From these presentations, searchable clinical questions were developed, and the literature was searched, critically analyzed, and summarized. Results of several cycles on this process are reported. RESULTS: The group developed a repository of Internet-based resources for evidence-based education and practice. Using these resources, the group analyzed six topics in the first 2 years of the program. These included the "best" way to clinically grade patients after subarachnoid hemmorhage, considerations in the biopsy and treatment of enhancing intracerebral mass lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the use of prophylactic anticonvulsants in patients with primary brain tumors, the identification of cervical spine injuries in the emergency department, the grading of the fractures of the odontoid process, and the value of removing retained bullets from the spinal canal. The outcomes ranged from finding insufficient evidence to reach a conclusion, through the identification of well-conducted and well-reported critical syntheses of the topic already available in literature, to the development of the detailed algorithm for cervical spine clearance that was accepted by the institution's emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: By dedicating some specific time and using resources readily available in most academic health centers, it is possible to incorporate the teaching of the principles of evidence-based practice into the ongoing education of residents on a busy surgical subspecialty service
SN  - 1072-7515
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1021
T1  - [Research training for all physicians--also outside university hospitals. Evaluation of a course in basic research methods]. [Danish]
A1  - Hakansson,A.
A1  - Bengtsson,K.
A1  - Jorgensen,A.F.
A1  - Hollnagel,H.
Y1  - 2003/09/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14531146 IN - Samhallsmedicinska institutionen, Universitetssjukhuset MAS, S-205 02 Malmo, Sverige. anders.hakansson@smi.mas.lu.se OT - Forskningstraening for alle laeger--ogsa uden for universitetssygehusene. Evaluering af kursus i grundlaeggende forskningsmetodologi AS - Ugeskr Laeger. 165(36):3423-7, 2003 Sep 1 JC - 0141730, wm8 SB - IM CP - Denmark PT - English Abstract PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - Danish
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research Design
KW  - *Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Experience
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research methods
KW  - Study
KW  - Sweden
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3423
EP  - 3427
JF  - Ugeskrift for Laeger.Vol.168(8)()(pp 773-776), 2006.Date of Publication: 20 FEB 2006.
J1  - Ugeskrift for Laeger
VL  - 165
IS  - 36
N2  - INTRODUCTION: General practitioners are often interested in doing research but are hampered by lack of time and research training. Interpreting the results of others can also be difficult. For this reason a course in basic research methods for GPs was started in Sweden in 1989. It was originally aimed at GPs but was later extended to hospital physicians as well. The course is given regionally and at present is held in six different locations in southern Sweden as well as in Hillerod, Denmark. The aim of this study is to evaluate the course as part of a research project to recommend changes to the courses in accordance with the course evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The course consists of theory (lectures/seminars six hours a month) and practice (project work) over a period of 18 months. Questionnaires were mailed to the 112 physicians who, starting in 1997 and 1999, completed the course. Eighty-five percent responded to the questionnaire, which asked if the course goals were relevant and if they thought they had achieved them. RESULTS: The most frequent reasons given for attending the course were a desire to learn how to read scientific articles critically and how to carry out one's own research projects. Two thirds of the participants thought that the theoretical lectures and project work had supplemented each other well. Most of the participants thought that the goals were very relevant but fewer--between 57% and 77%--felt those goals had been achieved. DISCUSSION: The course provides important empirical information with regard to future specialist training in Denmark. The plan is for all physicians to have research training--amounting to a total of 60 days--with lectures in research methodology and tutored research projects. The Danish College of General Practitioners has planned research training in accordance with the experience from these courses
SN  - 0041-5782
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1022
T1  - A systematic review of resident research curricula. [Review] [80 refs]
A1  - Hebert,R.S.
A1  - Levine,R.B.
A1  - Smith,C.G.
A1  - Wright,S.M.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12525411 IN - Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA AS - Acad Med. 78(1):61-8, 2003 Jan JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Internship and Residency/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Specialties,Medical
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - Databases
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Goals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - testing
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 68
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: To review in a systematic manner the published curricula for training house officers in research. METHOD: Articles were identified by searching the Medline, Educational Resources Information Center, and Science Citation Index databases, educational Web sites, and bibliographies of captured articles, and by contacting experts who had developed resident research curricula. Demographic information, curriculum development steps, educational strategies, evaluation methods, and outcomes were abstracted. RESULTS: The search identified 41 articles describing curricula. The most common curricular objectives were to increase house officers' research productivity and improve their critical appraisal skills. Only one curriculum was designed with the goal of producing academic physicians. Among many instructional methods, conducting research projects, exposing learners to role models or mentors, and providing house officers with multiple opportunities to present their work were common. Only 27 articles (66%) articulated goals or objectives, and 11 included (27%) needs assessments. Evaluation methods were often rudimentary, frequently limited to learners' self-assessments or authors' anecdotal reports. Five (12%) reported pre-post-intervention testing of learners' knowledge. No curricula were evaluated as prospective pretest-posttest controlled trials. A minority of articles reported costs, obstacles encountered, or modifications made in the curriculum. CONCLUSION: Successful educational interventions should incorporate needs assessments, clearly defined learning objectives, and evaluation methods. While many curricula for resident research exist, the lack of detailed developmental information and meaningful evaluations hinders educators interested in adopting these curricula. [References: 80]
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1023
T1  - Increasing resident research in a military internal medicine program
A1  - Hepburn,M.J.
A1  - Battafarano,D.F.
A1  - Enzenauer,R.J.
A1  - Salzberg,D.J.
A1  - Murphy,F.T.
A1  - Parisek,R.A.
A1  - Kroenke,K.
Y1  - 2003/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12733683 IN - Internal Medicine Services Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6200, USA AS - Mil Med. 168(4):341-5, 2003 Apr JC - 2984771r, n1a SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Military Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Research
KW  - Achievement
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Competition
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Resident
KW  - Staff
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 341
EP  - 345
JF  - Military Medicine.1999 Apr; 164(4): 251-5.(11 ref)
J1  - Military Medicine
VL  - 168
IS  - 4
N2  - The internal medicine residents from our training program rarely participated in scholarly activity prior to 1994. In an attempt to increase the quality and quantity of resident research, we initiated a research program that included: (1) a mandatory research project, (2) 2 months of dedicated research time, (3) appointment of a research director, (4) lectures on the critical appraisal of medical literature and research design, (5) technical support, (6) faculty mentoring, (7) a research meeting and competition involving five residency programs, and (8) military achievement awards. From 1994 to 1999, our house staff has had 134 research presentations and 21 manuscripts accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Ninety percent of our residents presented at least one project at a scientific meeting by completion of their training between 1996 and 1999. Resident scholarly activity is significantly enhanced by a structured research program, an opportunity to present at a scientific meeting, and award recognition
SN  - 0026-4075
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1024
T1  - Evidence-based patient handling: systematic review. [Review] [26 refs]
A1  - Hignett,S.
A1  - Crumpton,E.
A1  - Ruszala,S.
A1  - Alexander,P.
A1  - Fray,M.
A1  - Fletcher,B.
Y1  - 2003/04/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12744122 IN - Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University. S.M.Hignett@lboro.ac.uk AS - Nurs Stand. 17(33):33-6, 2003 Apr 30-May 6 JC - 9012906, awh, 8508427 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Lifting
KW  - *Musculoskeletal Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Nursing Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Occupational Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Transportation of Patients/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - context
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - healthcare
KW  - healthcare providers
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Lifting/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 36
JF  - Nursing Standard
VL  - 17
IS  - 33
N2  - BACKGROUND: This article summarises the findings of an international systematic review of patient handling. More than 880 papers were read, critically appraised and allocated a quality rating score. The evidence supports the provision of a minimal set of equipment for moving and handling patients, and multifactor intervention strategies based on risk assessment rather than those predominantly based on technique training. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that healthcare providers should review their current equipment provision and approach to managing risks and injuries associated with patient handling activities in the context of this research evidence. [References: 26]
SN  - 0029-6570
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1025
T1  - [Evidence-based laboratory medicine]. [Review] [26 refs] [Hungarian]
A1  - Horvath,A.R.
Y1  - 2003/05/04/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12785240 IN - Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Altalanos Orvostudomanyi Kar, Szentgyorgyi Albert Orvos- es Gyogyszeresztudomanyi Centrum, Klinikai Kemia Intezet. horvath@clab.szote.u-szeged.hu OT - Bizonyitekokon alapulo laboratoriumi medicina AS - Orv Hetil. 144(18):869-76, 2003 May 4 JC - ol8, 0376412 SB - IM CP - Hungary PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Hungarian
KW  - *Clinical Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Clinical Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures/st [Standards]
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - formulation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hungary
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - principles
KW  - Probability
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questioning
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 869
EP  - 876
JF  - Orvosi Hetilap
VL  - 144
IS  - 18
N2  - Patients and society expect physicians to base their approach to any type of clinical problem on informed diagnostic reasoning. Informed diagnostics means that clinicians understand and readily apply the principles of diagnostic decision making, which include an estimate of the pre-test probability (prevalence) of diseases and information about the characteristics and discriminatory power of the applied investigations. Despite the crucial importance of the appropriate use of diagnostic tools in clinical decision-making, many diagnostic tests have not been subjected to rigorous evaluation to establish the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of laboratory investigations using modern standards of clinical epidemiology. The lack of good quality research in the field not only contributes to inappropriate utilization of laboratory services but also to wasting significant resources. Evidence-based laboratory medicine tries to combat this problem by combining methods from epidemiology, biostatistics, clinical and social sciences with basic sciences to evaluate the role of investigations in clinical decision making and outcomes for patients. Evidence-based laboratory medicine aims to advance clinical diagnosis and management of diseases through systematic researching and disseminating generalisable new knowledge which meets the standards of critical review on clinically effective practice of laboratory investigations. The main phases of practicing evidence-based laboratory medicine are 1. question formulation, 2. systematic literature search, 3. critical appraisal of literature, 4. implementation of evidence into practice, and 5. evaluation of impact in a clinical audit cycle. The use of evidence in laboratory medicine requires systematically compiled databases of standardised and critically appraised information on the test characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of laboratory investigations. Such an approach is the Bayes Library that provides information on the global and specific measures of test performance in different patient groups and settings, in addition to prevalence data of common diseases. The Bayes Library will support informed diagnostic decisions and improve patient outcome by integrating evidence-based medicine into the diagnostic service, education and training of laboratories. The process of constant questioning and reviewing the evidence for rational diagnosis of diseases provides a practical tool to identify gaps in our knowledge and thus it generates new research ideas in laboratory medicine. [References: 26]
SN  - 0030-6002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1026
T1  - Evidence-based practice: beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of physical therapists
A1  - Jette,D.U.
A1  - Bacon,K.
A1  - Batty,C.
A1  - Carlson,M.
A1  - Ferland,A.
A1  - Hemingway,R.D.
A1  - Hill,J.C.
A1  - Ogilvie,L.
A1  - Volk,D.
Y1  - 2003/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12940766 IN - Physical Therapy Program, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA. diane.jette@simmons.edu AS - Phys Ther. 83(9):786-805, 2003 Sep JC - 0022623, p6w SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Physical Therapy (Specialty)/ed [Education]
KW  - *Physical Therapy (Specialty)/st [Standards]
KW  - *Physical Therapy Modalities/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Burnout,Professional/px [Psychology]
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Logistic Regression
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physical Therapy Modalities/ed [Education]
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns/st [Standards]
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Regression
KW  - relationships
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 786
EP  - 805
JF  - Physical Therapy
VL  - 83
IS  - 9
N2  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little research has been done regarding the attitudes and behaviors of physical therapists relative to the use of evidence in practice. The purposes of this study were to describe the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of physical therapist members of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) as they relate to evidence-based practice (EBP) and to generate hypotheses about the relationship between these attributes and personal and practice characteristics of the respondents. METHODS: A survey of a random sample of physical therapist members of APTA resulted in a 48.8% return rate and a sample of 488 that was fairly representative of the national membership. Participants completed a questionnaire designed to determine beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding EBP, as well as demographic information about themselves and their practice settings. Responses were summarized for each item, and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relationships among variables. RESULTS: Respondents agreed that the use of evidence in practice was necessary, that the literature was helpful in their practices, and that quality of patient care was better when evidence was used. Training, familiarity with and confidence in search strategies, use of databases, and critical appraisal tended to be associated with younger therapists with fewer years since they were licensed. Seventeen percent of the respondents stated they read fewer than 2 articles in a typical month, and one quarter of the respondents stated they used literature in their clinical decision making less than twice per month. The majority of the respondents had access to online information, although more had access at home than at work. According to the respondents, the primary barrier to implementing EBP was lack of time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Physical therapists stated they had a positive attitude about EBP and were interested in learning or improving the skills necessary to implement EBP. They noted that they needed to increase the use of evidence in their daily practice
SN  - 0031-9023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1027
T1  - Geriatric journal club for nursing: a forum to enhance evidence-based nursing care in long-term settings
A1  - Kartes,S.K.
A1  - Kamel,H.K.
Y1  - 2003/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12959655 IN - Division of Extended Care, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA AS - J AM MED DIR ASSOC. 4(5):264-7, 2003 Sep-Oct JC - 100893243 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Geriatric Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - *Societies,Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospitals,Veterans
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Long-Term Care
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - United States
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 264
EP  - 267
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.Vol.7(3)()(pp 197-200), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
SN  - 1525-8610
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1028
T1  - Fast and frugal models of clinical judgment in novice and expert physicians
A1  - Kee,F.
A1  - Jenkins,J.
A1  - McIlwaine,S.
A1  - Patterson,C.
A1  - Harper,S.
A1  - Shields,M.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12926579 IN - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queens University, Mulhouse Building, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT 12 6 BJ, United Kingdom. f.kee@qub.ac.uk AS - Med Decis Making. 23(4):293-300, 2003 Jul-Aug JC - ma8, 8109073 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Asthma/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Hospitalization/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Judgment
KW  - *Pediatrics/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Asthma/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Child
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Cues
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - grades
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrician
KW  - pediatricians
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Study
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vignettes
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 293
EP  - 300
JF  - Medical Decision Making.Vol.26(2)()(pp 145-153), 2006.
J1  - Medical Decision Making
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - Our objective was to study whether "compensatory" models provide better descriptions of clinical judgment than fast and frugal models, according to expertise and experience. Fifty practitioners appraised 60 vignettes describing a child with an exacerbation of asthma and rated their propensities to admit the child. Linear logistic (LL) models of their judgments were compared with a matching heuristic (MH) model that searched available cues in order of importance for a critical value indicating an admission decision. There was a small difference between the 2 models in the proportion of patients allocated correctly (admit or not-admit decisions), 91.2% and 87.8%, respectively. The proportion allocated correctly by the LL model was lower for consultants than juniors, whereas the MH model performed equally well for both. In this vignette study, neither model provided any better description of judgments made by consultants or by pediatricians compared to other grades and specialties
SN  - 0272-989X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1029
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medicine: a regional dissemination model
A1  - Leipzig,R.M.
A1  - Wallace,E.Z.
A1  - Smith,L.G.
A1  - Sullivant,J.
A1  - Dunn,K.
A1  - McGinn,T.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12855392 IN - Brookdale Geriatrics and Adult Development Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. rosanne.leipzig@mssm.edu AS - Teach Learn Med. 15(3):204-9, 2003 JC - dx5, 8910884 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - LM06648 (NLM) LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - New York
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Preceptorship
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 204
EP  - 209
JF  - Teaching & Learning in Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a framework for critically appraising medical literature and applying it to the care of individual patients. Lack of faculty skilled in practicing and teaching EBM limits the ability to train residents in this area. DESCRIPTION: A 31/2-day interactive course, called Teaching Evidence-Based Medicine, was given in 1996, 1998, and 1999. The goal of the course was to create a cadre of faculty within New York State's internal medicine residency programs educated in EBM knowledge and skills who could integrate EBM into their training program. Thirty (58.8%) of 51 metropolitan New York internal medicine residency programs and three of 12 upstate programs sent participants. EVALUATION: The postcourse ratings showed increased self-rated knowledge and a willingness to apply the teaching methods at their home institutions. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high demand for the opportunity to learn EBM skills and in turn to implement EBM at home institutions
SN  - 1040-1334
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1030
T1  - Does anybody read "evidence-based" articles?
A1  - Loke,Y.K.
A1  - Derry,S.
Y1  - 2003/07/31/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12892569 IN - Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom. yoon.loke@clinpharm.ox.ac.uk AS - BMC Med Res Methodol. 3:14, 2003 Jul 31 JC - 100968545 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Average
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - grouping
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
JF  - BMC Medical Research Methodology.Vol.4, 2004.Date of Publication: 05 JUL 2004.
J1  - BMC Medical Research Methodology
VL  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: The electronic version of the British Medical Journal (eBMJ) has a unique feature in that it provides an electronic record of the number of times an article has been viewed ("hits") in the week after its publication. We sought to compare the relative popularity of primary research and "evidence-based" papers against that of narrative reviews and editorials. We surveyed four broad groupings of articles in 2001: Editorials, Clinical Reviews (which are narrative reviews), Education and Debate, and Papers (which are original research articles and systematic reviews). Clinical Reviews were the most frequently viewed articles, with an average of 4148 hits per article, while Papers were less popular (average of 1168 hits per article). Systematic reviews (23 articles, average of 1190 hits per article) were visited far less often than narrative reviews. Editorials (average of 2537 hits per article) were viewed much more frequently than Papers, even where the editorial was written as an accompanying piece with a direct link to the paper. DISCUSSION: Narrative reviews and editorials are accessed more frequently than primary research papers or systematic reviews in the first week after their publication. These findings may disappoint those who believe that it is important for readers to critically appraise the primary research data.Although the technical quality of journal articles may have been helped by recommendations on structured reporting, the readability of such articles has received little attention. Authors and journal editors must take steps to make research articles and systematic reviews more attractive to readers. This may involve using simpler language, as well as innovative use of web resources to produce shorter, snappier papers, with the methodological or technical details made available elsewhere. CONCLUSION: Primary research and "evidence-based" papers seem to be less attractive to readers than narrative reviews and editorials in the first week after publication. Authors and editors should try to improve the early appeal of primary research papers
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1031
T1  - Resident recruitment
A1  - Longmaid,H.E.,III
Y1  - 2003/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12585436 IN - Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA AS - Acad Radiol. 10 Suppl 1:S4-9, 2003 Feb JC - clv, 9440159 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/ma [Manpower]
KW  - *Personnel Selection
KW  - *Radiology/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Interview
KW  - Israel
KW  - Job Application
KW  - journal
KW  - Needs
KW  - power
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Radiology/ec [Economics]
KW  - Radiology/st [Standards]
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Software
KW  - United States
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 9
JF  - Academic Radiology
VL  - 10
N2  - This article has introduced the reader to the critical components of successful recruitment of radiology residents. With particular attention to the ACGME institutional and program requirements regarding resident recruitment, and an explanation of the support systems (ERAS and NRMP) currently available to those involved in applicant review and selection, the article has sought to delineate a sensible approach to recruitment. Successful recruiters have mastered the essentials of these programs and have learned to adapt the programs to their needs. As new program directors work with their departments' resident selection committees, they will identify the factors that faculty and current residents cite as most important in the successful selection of new residents. By structuring the application review process, exploiting the power of the ERAS, and crafting a purposeful and friendly interview process, radiology residency directors can find and recruit the residents who best match their programs
SN  - 1076-6332
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1032
T1  - Residents perception of the journal club
A1  - Manzar,S.
Y1  - 2003/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12973496 IN - Department of Pediatrics, Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. shabihman@hotmail.com AS - Saudi Med J. 24(9):1026-7, 2003 Sep JC - dyw, 7909441 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Education,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - Education,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty,Medical
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Perception
KW  - Resident
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1026
EP  - 1027
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - 24
IS  - 9
SN  - 0379-5284
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1033
T1  - Teaching students how to read and write science: a mandatory course on scientific research and communication in medicine
A1  - Marusi,A.
A1  - Marusi,M.
Y1  - 2003/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14660423 IN - Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. marusica@mef.hr AS - Acad Med. 78(12):1235-9, 2003 Dec JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Biomedical Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Communication
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Writing
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Europe
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Science/ed [Education]
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Medical
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1235
EP  - 1239
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 12
N2  - The authors describe the development and introduction of a course on scientific methodology and communication into the medical curriculum in a country outside of the mainstream scientific world. As editors of a general medical journal in Croatia, they learned that their colleagues had important and interesting data but no skills for presenting them in a scientific article. To alleviate the lack of education in research methodology and writing, the authors developed and introduced a mandatory course in scientific methodology and communication into the medical curriculum of the largest Croatian medical school. The course is structured into lectures, medium-sized-group discussions, and problem-solving small-group work, and is focused on (1) principles of scientific research; (2) access to medical literature and bibliographic databases; (3) study design and analysis and presentation of data; (4) assessing and writing a scientific article; and (5) responsible conduct of research. The course has been running since 1995-96 and is already showing results, visible in the more positive attitude of students toward scientific research and evidence-based medicine, and a significant number of students working on research projects and publishing scientific papers. The authors and colleagues also run continuing education courses for young academic physicians and an annual advanced workshop on scientific writing, involving academic physicians from all of southeastern Europe. The long-term goal is to create a critical mass of academic physicians with critical appraisal skills needed for evidence-based medicine and with skills for effectively communicating their research to the international scientific community
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1034
T1  - Association between nurses' education about research and their research use
A1  - McCleary,L.
A1  - Brown,G.T.
Y1  - 2003/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14554109 IN - Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1. lmccleary@klaru-baycrest.on.ca AS - Nurse Educ Today. 23(8):556-65, 2003 Nov JC - ned, 8511379 SB - N CP - Scotland PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Nursing Education Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Pediatric Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Pediatric Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Geriatric Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Teaching
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/st [Standards]
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Orientation
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - research methods
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - university education
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 556
EP  - 565
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
N2  - Knowledge about research methods, skills for critical appraisal of research reports, and a positive attitude towards research have been identified as means to potentially overcome barriers to individual nurses' research utilization, and ultimately improve nursing practice. The objective of this study was to examine independent relationships between nurses' education about research and research use and their attitudes towards research, knowledge about research and research utilization. Research utilization and attitude towards research were measured using the Edmonton Research Orientation Scale. One hundred and seventy-five nurses working in a pediatric hospital responded to the survey. Higher levels of education were associated with both (1) positive attitudes towards research and (2) higher levels of self-reported research utilization. Whether or not nurses had university education, completing a course about research design or a course about how to read and use research was associated with positive attitudes towards research. Having completed a course about how to read and use research was not associated with self-reported research utilization. The association between having completed a course about research design and self-reported research utilization was not independent of the association between level of education and research utilization. The findings indicate that education about research may be one way to overcome negative attitudes towards research as a barrier to research utilization
SN  - 0260-6917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1035
T1  - [Pedagogic reflexions on the evidence-based medicine curriculum of the German Central Agency for Quality in Medicine and the German Network for Evidence-Based Medicine]. [German]
A1  - Meyer,G.
A1  - Schlomer,G.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12891971 IN - Universitat Hamburg, FB 13, IGTW-Gesundheit, Hamburg. GMeyer@uni-hamburg.de OT - Padagogische Reflexionen zum EbM-Curriculum der Zentralstelle der Deutschen Arzteschaft zur Qualitatssicherung in der Medizin und des Deutschen Netzwerkes Evidenzbasierte Medizin AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 97(4-5):287-90, 2003 Jul JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - AIDS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methodological considerations
KW  - methods
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - quality
KW  - Skill
KW  - social skills
KW  - Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 290
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 97
IS  - 4-5
N2  - The German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AQuMed) and the Network for Evidence-based Medicine (EbM) have recently published the draft of an EbM Curriculum for continuing medical education. This standardised concept might lead to an improvement of the quality of EbM courses for physicians. Critical appraisal of the curriculum from a didactic point of view reveals both a substantial lack of teaching methods and teaching aids, and a lack of appropriate tools for the evaluation of the actual increase in professional competence. This includes specialised subject knowledge, methodological considerations as well as highly developed communication and social skills. We recommend incorporation of these components into the curriculum design to facilitate its successful implementation
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1036
T1  - Commentary on 'A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations' (Gupta 2003; Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121).[comment]
A1  - Miettinen,S.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12787172 IN - McGill University, Montreal, Canada CM - Comment on: J Eval Clin Pract. 2003 May;9(2):111-21; PMID: 12787171 AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 9(2):123-7, 2003 May JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/es [Ethics]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/es [Ethics]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Morals
KW  - practice
KW  - Social Values
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 123
EP  - 127
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1037
T1  - [Critical appraisal of the literature in systematic review]. [Japanese]
A1  - Miyake,K.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12924256 IN - Department of Clinical Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421 AS - Rinsho Byori. 51(7):691-5, 2003 Jul JC - 2984781r, kiv SB - IM CP - Japan PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Japanese
KW  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - External Validity
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pathology
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 691
EP  - 695
JF  - Rinsho Byori - Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
N2  - Critical appraisal of a literature is an important part of Systematic Review(SR) of laboratory tests. In this process, the quality of the clinical study is evaluated by using knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics. In the critical appraisal of articles of diagnostic tests, estimation of the design related bias, such as selection bias, spectrum bias, work-up bias, and referral bias, is extremely important. This article introduces the checklist for a diagnostic test proposed by the EBD collaboration in Japan. The proposed checklist consists of 23 items which effect on quality and external validity of the clinical studies. It will become a useful tool for systematic review in laboratory medicine
SN  - 0047-1860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1038
T1  - [Evidence-based diagnosis in clinical practice: a patient with hypercholesterolemia]. [Japanese]
A1  - Nago,N.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12924253 IN - Tsukude National Health Insurance Clinic, Minamishitara-gun, Aichi-pref. 441-1423 AS - Rinsho Byori. 51(7):673-7, 2003 Jul JC - 2984781r, kiv SB - IM CP - Japan PT - Case Reports PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Japanese
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Hypercholesterolemia/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Insurance
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypercholesterolemia
KW  - Hypothyroidism
KW  - Insurance
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 673
EP  - 677
JF  - Rinsho Byori - Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
N2  - Evidence-based diagnosis(EBD) is a method for clinical problem solving. The practice of EBD comprises five steps(formulating answerable clinical questions, searching for the best available evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence, application of the evidence to the patients, evaluation of execution of steps 1-4) as well as EBM. I present a case for studying the practice of EBD. The patient is a woman with hypercholesterolemia. It is essential to rule out secondary hypercholesterolemia. A test with high sensitivity is useful to rule out diseases. We call this situation SnNout(a High Sensitivity, a Negative result rules out diagnosis). The level of TSH is SnNout to rule out hypothyroidism with hypercholesterolemia. Clinical score is not SnNout, but may be useful in actual practice. The delay of relaxing phase of tendon reflex is not useful because of low sensitivity. Each clinical findings has a sensitivity and a specificity. It is important for clinicians to consider this fact
SN  - 0047-1860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1039
T1  - Scholarly development of clinician faculty using evidence-based medicine as an organizing theme
A1  - Neale,A.V.
A1  - Schwartz,K.L.
A1  - Schenk,M.
A1  - Roth,L.M.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12893559 IN - Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. vneale@med.wayne.edu AS - Med Teach. 25(4):442-7, 2003 Jul JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Academic Medical Centers/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Faculty,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Staff Development/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Organizational Case Studies
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading materials
KW  - Research
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 442
EP  - 447
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - While scholarship is a critical component of the mission of all academic departments, little is known about how to approach the scholarly development of clinician faculty. The authors developed a thematically based faculty development curriculum with two primary components: evidence-based clinical practice and critical appraisal of current clinical research. They took a task management approach to reducing anticipated barriers to program success by instituting a regularly scheduled seminar series, providing evidence-based reading materials, recruiting clinician faculty as speakers for the clinical presentations, and providing continuing medical education credits for seminar attendance. This case study illustrates a faculty development curriculum that stimulated scholarly discussion and research activities in the authors' clinician faculty
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1040
T1  - Measuring outcomes of undergraduate medical education: residency directors' ratings of first-year residents.[see comment]
A1  - Paolo,A.M.
A1  - Bonaminio,G.A.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12525416 IN - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. apolo@kumc.edu CM - Comment in: Acad Med. 2003 Sep;78(9):853; PMID: 14507611, Comment in: Acad Med. 2003 Sep;78(9):853-4; PMID: 14507610 AS - Acad Med. 78(1):90-5, 2003 Jan JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Academic Medical Centers
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - City
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - Interpersonal Communication
KW  - journal
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Resident
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scales
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 90
EP  - 95
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: There is a growing recognition of the need to show the relationship between undergraduate medical education (UME) and achievements during residency. This study provides reliability and validity evidence for a residency rating scale as well as a method for gathering comparison information about first-year residents. METHOD: A 25-item rating scale measuring important areas of physician functioning was mailed to residency directors of 485 graduates of the 1998-2000 classes of the University of Kansas School of Medicine. The same rating scale was sent to residency directors for a comparison sample of 251 graduates of other U.S. medical schools who were residents at the University of Kansas Medical Center. Each item on the rating scale was rated on a five-point Likert scale. Principal-components analysis, correlational analyses, internal consistency reliability analysis, and mean comparisons were used to provide evidence of reliability and validity. RESULTS: A total of 382 (82%) usable rating scales were returned. A principal-components analysis extracted five factors that accounted for 86% of the variance. The final factors were (1) interpersonal communication, (2) clinical skills, (3) population-based health care, (4) record-keeping skills, and (5) critical appraisal skills. The internal consistency of the entire scale was.98, with coefficients for the five factors ranging from.92 to.97. The correlations between the five factors and measures of undergraduate performance ranged from.21 to.49. Group analyses revealed that residents with high GPAs and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 scores tended to be rated higher than those with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: The rating scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity and showed that residency directors' ratings are a useful outcome measure for UME performance
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1041
T1  - [The education of professors of medicine. Comparison of 2 education strategies for teaching information criticism]. [Spanish]
A1  - Perez-Rodriguez,B.A.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14515673 IN - Centro Regional de Formacion de Profesores en el Area de la Salud, Region Noreste del IMSS OT - La formacion de profesores de medicina. Comparacion de dos estrategias educativas en el aprendizaje de la critica de la informacion AS - Rev Invest Clin. 55(3):281-8, 2003 May-Jun JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Clinical Trial PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - Spanish
KW  - *Education,Professional/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - critical reading
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - innovation
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - participation
KW  - Population
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 281
EP  - 288
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Educational programmes for professors of medicine are an unusual situation, particularly in relation to the specialization courses. Since 1983, the Center for the Formation of Professors in the Health Area was established at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), and from 1996 other regional centers were established. The absence of educational research as a prominent activity within the activities of the centers has propitiated the ankylosis of the curriculum, the lack of innovation and routine. OBJECTIVE: Two educational strategies in the development of the ability for critical reading were compared. One of them of a traditional or habitual form based in the consumption of information; the other one promoting the participation of the student in the elaboration of his knowledge. POPULATION AND METHODS: Two groups of professors were formed at random, the control group (CG) exposed to the traditional educational intervention and the experimental group (EG) exposed to the participative educational intervention. The ability for the critical reading of investigation reports was measured with previously validated instrument which includes three indicators: to interpret (i), to judge (j) and to propose (p), as well as the global result (g). RESULTS: Before the educational interventions both groups were similar in the three indicators. After the interventions the EG increased significantly his punctuations (p < 0.05) in the three indicators, I: 12.5 to 18, j: 11.5 to 18; p: 5 a 12.5; g: 27 to 47. The CG didn't have significative increases. When comparing both groups after the interventions, we found a statistically significative difference in behalf of the EG (p < 0.01). In the measurement done 15 months later, the EG kept the results reached immediately after the educational intervention. The CG obtained results analogous to those registered before the educational intervention, and the difference between both groups was more ostensible. CONCLUSIONS: The transcendency of educational participative strategies is clearly superior to the traditional ones of expositive type. Additionally, the persistence of learning in the ability for critical reading of research reports by the EG enforces the superiority of a form of education that we shall promote at all levels and particularly at the Centers for the Formation of Professors at the IMSS
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1042
T1  - A practical approach to evidence-based medicine: lessons learned from developing ventilator management protocols. [Review] [33 refs]
A1  - Randolph,A.G.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12848318 IN - Division of Critical Care, Children's Hospital, MICU, FA 108, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. adrienne.randolph@tch.harvard.edu AS - Crit Care Clin. 19(3):515-27, 2003 Jul JC - ccc, 8507720 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Protocols
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - *Respiration,Artificial/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Protocol
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Logic
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Respiratory Therapist
KW  - Review
KW  - testing
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Ventilator
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 515
EP  - 527
JF  - Critical Care Clinics
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
N2  - Development of robust clinical protocols is a time-consuming process that requires allocation of sufficient time and resources. As outlined for the mechanical-ventilation protocol, the goals of the protocol must be clear before embarking on this journey. Critical appraisal of existing evidence is an essential first step to developing a draft protocol. The inclusion of a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, including nurses and respiratory therapists, is required to refine the logic and to ensure protocol acceptance. Extensive bedside testing of the protocol across the spectrum of patients in which it will be applied is essential for ensuring that the protocol works as intended. An effective, ongoing training program must be implemented to ensure protocol success. The final protocol should be carefully monitored in 50 to 100 patients to ensure that clinicians are complying with the protocol rules and that adverse events related to the protocol are not occurring. Finally, protocols must be tended to and updated when new evidence becomes available. [References: 33]
SN  - 0749-0704
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1043
T1  - [Evidence Based Medicine, in Revista Medica de Chile]. [Spanish]
A1  - Reyes,H.
A1  - Palma,J.
A1  - Andresen,M.
Y1  - 2003/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14558236 OT - Medicina Basada en Evidencia, en la Revista Medica de Chile AS - Rev Med Chil. 131(8):835-6, 2003 Aug JC - shd, 0404312 SB - IM CP - Chile PT - Editorial PT - English Abstract LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Chile
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - principles
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 835
EP  - 836
JF  - Revista Medica de Chile
VL  - 131
IS  - 8
N2  - Since the beginning of the 20th century, the principles of the experimental method in biological sciences have been progressively applied in biomedical and clinical research. After the pioneering work of AB Hill et al, biostatistics became a fundamental tool in the appraisal of new therapeutic agents or methods, and of diagnostic tests. From 1990 on, "Evidence based Medicine" has been added to it. This journal opens in this issue a section containing critical analysis of articles published in the medical literature deserving the attention of its readers. However, as several other medical journals have stressed, we recommend that the conclusions of these analysis should not be used as a substitute for clinical judgment and they do not represent an official position of our journal. Revista Medica de Chile welcomes the new Section and invites contributions to it
SN  - 0034-9887
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1044
T1  - Could our pretest probabilities become evidence based? A prospective survey of hospital practice.[see comment]
A1  - Richardson,W.S.
A1  - Polashenski,W.A.
A1  - Robbins,B.W.
Y1  - 2003/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12648252 IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio 45401, USA. scott.richardson@wright.edu CM - Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Mar;18(3):228-9; PMID: 12648256 AS - J Gen Intern Med. 18(3):203-8, 2003 Mar JC - jgi, 8605834 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Diagnosis,Differential
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Veterans
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Probability
KW  - problems
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Texas
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 208
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVE: We sought to measure the proportion of patients on our clinical service who presented with clinical problems for which research evidence was available to inform estimates of pretest probability. We also aimed to discern whether any of this evidence was of sufficient quality that we would want to use it for clinical decision making. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive case series and literature survey. SETTING: Inpatient medical service of a university-affiliated Veterans' Affairs hospital in south Texas. PATIENTS: Patients admitted during the 3 study months for diagnostic evaluation. MEASUREMENTS: Patients' active clinical problems were identified prospectively and recorded at the time of discharge, transfer, or death. We electronically searched medline and hand-searched bibliographies to find citations that reported research evidence about the frequency of underlying diseases that cause these clinical problems. We critically appraised selected citations and ranked them on a hierarchy of evidence. RESULTS: We admitted 122 patients for diagnostic evaluation, in whom we identified 45 different principal clinical problems. For 35 of the 45 problems (78%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 66% to 90%), we found citations that qualified as disease probability evidence. Thus, 111 of our 122 patients (91%; 95% CI, 86% to 96%) had clinical problems for which evidence was available in the medical literature. CONCLUSIONS: During 3 months on our hospital medicine service, almost all of the patients admitted for diagnostic evaluation had clinical problems for which evidence is available to guide our estimates of pretest probability. If confirmed by others, these data suggest that clinicians' pretest probabilities could become evidence based
SN  - 0884-8734
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1045
T1  - Criteria for decision-making--what makes sense?
A1  - Richter,B.
Y1  - 2003/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14586647 IN - Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Review Group, Department of Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. richterb@uni-duesseldorf.de AS - Eur J Pediatr. 162 Suppl 1:S8-12, 2003 Dec JC - end, 7603873 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Patient
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 12
JF  - European Journal of Pediatrics
VL  - 162
N2  - Rational medical decision-making increasingly demands the acquisition of critical appraisal skills through application of the principles of evidence-based medicine and clinical epidemiology. Moreover, mastery of information technology to reduce time constraints and data overload is necessary. Ultimately, decision-making has to take into account patient preferences in order to establish real communication to optimise shared decision endeavours
SN  - 0340-6199
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1046
T1  - [Integrating problem-based learning into traditional medical courses: the PBL approach to Pediatrics in Berlin]. [German]
A1  - Rudiger,M.
A1  - Muller,S.
A1  - Neuwirth,A.
A1  - Kordonouri,O.
A1  - Guthmann,F.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12891979 IN - Otto-Heubner Zentrum fur Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Charite, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin. mario.ruediger@charite.de OT - Einbindung von Problemorientiertem Lernen in den konventionellen Studiengang: Das Berliner "Padiatrie POL-Praktikum" AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 97(4-5):339-41, 2003 Jul JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Pediatrics/st [Standards]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Child
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hospitals,University/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - principles
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning/st [Standards]
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - School
KW  - Schools,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 339
EP  - 341
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 97
IS  - 4-5
N2  - Integrating a problem-based learning (PBL) approach into the classical curriculum for medical students is often considered difficult because of fundamental differences in the two teaching methods. At the Charite, the medical school of Berlin's Humboldt University, students with a regular medical curriculum are offered to choose between a regular and a PBL class for their course in Paediatrics. During the three-week course in PBL Paediatrics medical students spend the morning in different clinics of the "Otto Heubner Centre for Paediatrics". They are strongly involved in the medical care of 3-4 patients with typical paediatric diseases. Each afternoon, one of the students presents a patient. Patient problems are discussed according to the seven steps of PBL. Subsequently, students use different tools and sources through self-studies to obtain information on the specific disease. By integrating the principles of "Evidence-based medicine" students are trained to critically appraise the medical literature. At the end of the course students are asked to evaluate the quality of the medical teacher, thus allowing for continuous improvement of the teaching methods. We conclude that the principles of PBL can be integrated into a conventional curriculum in medical school
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1047
T1  - An objectivist's view on the ethics of evidence-based medicine: commentary on 'A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations' (Gupta 2003; Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121).[comment]
A1  - Sa,Couto J.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12787175 CM - Comment on: J Eval Clin Pract. 2003 May;9(2):111-21; PMID: 12787171 AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 9(2):137-9, 2003 May JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/es [Ethics]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Morals
KW  - Philosophy,Medical
KW  - practice
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Social Values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 139
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1048
T1  - Evaluating systematic reviews and meta-analyses
A1  - Schlesselman,J.J.
A1  - Collins,J.A.
Y1  - 2003/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12806564 IN - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, USA AS - Semin Reprod Med. 21(1):95-105, 2003 Feb JC - dzg, 100909394 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 95
EP  - 105
JF  - Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
N2  - Systematic review and meta-analysis procedures make use of explicit methods to methodically search and critically appraise and synthesize the medical care research literature. The methods involve refining a clinical question, designing a search procedure to find eligible studies, and determining the validity of the eligible studies. Independent data extraction by two or more reviewers is preferred. Agreement between the reviewers with respect to relevance and validity should be measured. Meta-analysis procedures estimate an overall average effect from the individual study effects and determine whether these effects appear to measure the same relationship (that is, the studies are not heterogeneous). In the inverse variance method, which is most frequently applied, the overall effect is a weighted average of the individual study effects, where each weight is the inverse of the study variance. To evaluate a systematic review, first determine whether it addresses a question that is relevant to the patients, treatments, and outcomes that are usual in your clinical practice. Then assess the validity of the systematic review, which is reflected by quality of the individual studies, the rigor with which the systematic methods were applied, and the extent of heterogeneity. If the results of the systematic review are valid, then is the effect important enough to make a difference in your clinical practice? Applying the results to an individual patient involves the absolute treatment effect or the number needed to treat, and an awareness of the patient's specific level of risk and personal preferences
SN  - 1526-8004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1049
T1  - An evidence-based approach to studies of gastrointestinal therapies
A1  - Schoenfeld,P.
A1  - Scheiman,J.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15017518 IN - Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA AS - Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1(1):57-63, 2003 Jan JC - 101160775 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Gastrointestinal Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Research Design
KW  - 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors)
KW  - 0 (Gastrointestinal Agents)
KW  - 22204-53-1 (Naproxen)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Double-Blind Method
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Naproxen/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Naproxen/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Safety
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 63
JF  - Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology.Vol.1(4)()(pp 322-327), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 JUL 2003.
J1  - Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
N2  - This article provides an evidence-based medicine framework to critically assess the validity of study design and clinical significance of study results in the context of gastrointestinal therapies for a common clinical scenario. Without systems for critically appraising and applying clinical research, we may become dependent on outdated information. When used in conjunction with clinical judgment, critical appraisal of clinical research facilitates the provision of the very best care to patients. This article, which examines a trial about the gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase (COX)-II-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), follows the format of other evidence-based medicine articles in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, the Journal of the American Medical Association, and Gastroenterology. The evidence-based medicine concepts have been expanded from previous articles and examples from the gastrointestinal literature have been used
SN  - 1542-3565
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1050
T1  - Evidence-based orthopaedics: a primer
A1  - Schunemann,H.J.
A1  - Bone,L.
Y1  - 2003/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12897602 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Science Centre, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. hjs@buffalo.edu AS - Clin Orthop. (413):117-32, 2003 Aug JC - 0075674, dfy SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intuition
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problems
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 132
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research.(413)()(pp 55-62), 2003.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research
IS  - 413
N2  - Evidence-based medicine has evolved from the need of solving clinical problems. In contrast to the traditional paradigm of clinical practice, evidence-based medicine acknowledges that intuition, clinical experience, and pathophysiologic rationale are not sufficient for making the best clinical decisions. Although evidence-based medicine recognizes the importance of clinical experience, it includes the evaluation of evidence from clinical research and the integration of patients' values, preferences, and actions for best clinical decision-making. To optimize this process, evidence-based medicine advocates that a formal set of rules must accompany training and clinicians' common sense to interpret and apply evidence from clinical research results effectively. We describe the critical appraisal of studies related to prognosis and therapy or prevention building on an example relevant for the clinical orthopaedist. Based on the example, the authors describe how clinicians can apply measures of association and of intervention effects to their practice and patient care. The authors conclude with describing the appraisal of systematic reviews, their application to the development of practice guidelines, and the process of guideline development and recommendations
SN  - 0009-921X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1051
T1  - Evidenced based nephrology care. [Review] [14 refs]
A1  - Sedgewick,J.M.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14552089 IN - School of Health & Social Care, University of Teesside, Tees Valley, Cleveland TS1 3BA, UK AS - EDTNA ERCA J. 29(3):143-7, 2003 Jul-Sep JC - 9805754, c3j SB - N CP - Belgium PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nephrology/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Benchmarking/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Confusion
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Intention
KW  - Internet/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Organizational Objectives
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 143
EP  - 147
JF  - Edtna-Erca Journal.Vol.31(3)()(pp 164-168), 2005.
J1  - Edtna-Erca Journal
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
N2  - This paper highlights the importance of evidenced-based practice (EBP) and its implications to patient and health professionals working within nephrology. The need to ensure that practice is based upon best evidence should be a concern for all health care professionals. Confusion sometimes surrounds the concept of EBP and the potential impact this may have upon patient outcomes. It is the intention of this paper to firstly demystify the process of EBP highlighting the important factors to be considered in moving towards EBP in nephrology care. Secondly, the paper draws upon a number of well-conducted research studies, which have important implications for nephrology care. These selected examples of best evidence will highlight further where ongoing work could be focused. Whilst there is much published within current literature concerning research within nephrology it is essential that practitioners are encouraged to develop the skills to critically search literature, appraise and evaluate its usefulness in developing appropriate and meaningful evidence to enhance practice and patient care. [References: 14]
SN  - 1019-083X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1052
T1  - Valuing both critical and creative thinking in clinical practice: narrowing the research-practice gap?
A1  - Seymour,B.
A1  - Kinn,S.
A1  - Sutherland,N.
Y1  - 2003/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12680973 IN - School of Nursing, Midwifery and Community Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. b.seymour@gcal.ac.uk AS - J Adv Nurs. 42(3):288-96, 2003 May JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Education Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Nursing Process
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - classroom
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - context
KW  - creative thinking
KW  - Creativeness
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - development of critical thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Ideology
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practice environment
KW  - practitioners
KW  - representation
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Transferability
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 288
EP  - 296
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Nurturing critical thinking skills in the classroom is considered an important educational activity. It is believed that critical thinking skills are transferable and that they can be applied in practice when appraising, evaluating and implementing research. That more nurses than ever before have been judged academically knowledgeable in research has not guaranteed the transfer of such knowledge to practice. AIM OF THE PAPER: This paper discusses some of the reasons for the failure to narrow the gap between research and practice. In particular we argue that, if nurses are encouraged to develop creative and generative thinking alongside their critical thinking skills, then the art of nursing will have fuller representation in education, research and practice. DISCUSSION: The successful development of critical thinking skills for academic purposes does not necessarily mean that these skills are used in practice in relation either to research or clinical decision-making. This suggests that the transferability of critical thinking skills is less than straightforward. Indeed, there has been little narrowing of the research-practice gap since students started to learn critical thinking for academic purposes. However, we propose that thinking skills can be encouraged in the context of practice and that regular educational events, such as journal clubs, can contribute to developing critical thinking in the practice environment. CONCLUSIONS: The research-practice gap will reduce only if research becomes part of practitioners' ideology, which includes the art and science of nursing. Critical and creative thinking are prerequisites to narrowing the disjuncture between research and practice, and we suggest that educators and practitioners explore structured ways of meeting together to appraise literature as a possible means of making use of their thinking and knowledge in clinical practice
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1053
T1  - Promoting the uptake and use of evidence: an overview of the problem. [Review] [72 refs]
A1  - Strand,M.
A1  - Phelan,K.J.
A1  - Donovan,E.F.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12875361 IN - Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7014, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA AS - Clin Perinatol. 30(2):389-402, 2003 Jun JC - dhh, 7501306 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Neonatology
KW  - *Therapeutics
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - children
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Neonatology
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 389
EP  - 402
JF  - Clinics in Perinatology.Vol.33(1)()(pp 133-140), 2006.
J1  - Clinics in Perinatology
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
N2  - Application of evidence-based practice principles in neonatology requires that the use of proved therapies is monitored and evaluated. Although studies of neonatal center practice variation are appearing in the literature, careful, population-based assessments of the use of proved therapies are lacking. Few center comparison studies focus on proved therapies or explore the patient-independent reasons for practice variation. For a specific proved neonatal therapy, the ideal studies would carefully determine the number of eligible patients and the proportion who receive the therapy and then evaluate the characteristics of hospitals, clinicians, parents, and other decision makers among users and non-users. This information may allow for targeted interventions to disseminate evidence to both clinicians and parents, train clinicians critically to appraise the evidence, address identified barriers, and train clinicians to recognize and deal with the inevitable uncertainties associated with changing practice. The authors suggest that studies designed to evaluate the net benefit of proposed new therapies include a plan for evaluating the extent of incorporation of the therapy into practice if and when the therapy is shown to be beneficial. Studies should also rigorously evaluate alternative methods of disseminating the primary study's findings and identify the characteristics of clinicians, patients, and parents associated with practice change. [References: 72]
SN  - 0095-5108
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1054
T1  - [10 years of evidence-based medicine. Introduction to evidence-based urology]. [Review] [31 refs] [Spanish]
A1  - Tello,Royloa C.
Y1  - 2003/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12830545 IN - Grupo de Trabajo en Urologia Basada en Pruebas, Asociacion Murciana de Urologia OT - Diez anos de medicina basada en pruebas. Introduccion a la urologia basada en pruebas AS - Actas Urol Esp. 27(4):251-9, 2003 Apr JC - 2a1, 7704993 SB - IM CP - Spain PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Urology
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - International Agencies
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies,Medical
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - thought
KW  - tracking
KW  - Urology/td [Trends]
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 259
JF  - Actas Urologicas Espanolas.Vol.27(4)()(pp 251-259), 2003.
J1  - Actas Urologicas Espanolas
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
N2  - The Evidence-based Medicine has become, in ten years of existence, a social phenomenon, that has spread to all the sectors of the health. The MBP has been defined as: the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The critical analysis of the health care, the new methods of clinical investigation and the development of computer science and the communication can be considerate the bases for the appearance of the MBP and other movements or related currents of thought, such as the Health Technology Assessment, the "Critical Appraisal Skills Programme" or the "Cochrane Collaboration". The MBP is a system of self-taught and permanent learning, that consists of the successive execution of the following points: 1) converting the need for information into an answerable question, 2) tracking down the best evidence with which to answer that question, 3) critically appraising that evidence for its validity, impact, and applicability, and 4) the application of the results actually clinical. The MBP model has also received critics and objections, that are analyzed. The "Asociacion Murciana de Urologia" has created a Working Group for the study, the practice and the application of this methodology in urology. [References: 31]
SN  - 0210-4806
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1055
T1  - Knowledge and use of evidence-based nutrition: a survey of paediatric dietitians
A1  - Thomas,D.E.
A1  - Kukuruzovic,R.
A1  - Martino,B.
A1  - Chauhan,S.S.
A1  - Elliott,E.J.
Y1  - 2003/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14516378 IN - CEBPGAN, Clinical Sciences Building, The Children's Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia. dianat@chw.edu.au AS - J Hum Nutr Diet. 16(5):315-22, 2003 Oct JC - d1s, 8904840 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Child Nutrition Physiology
KW  - *Dietetics/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Australia
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Consultation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Diet
KW  - Dietitian
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Hospitals,Teaching
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Male
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 315
EP  - 322
JF  - Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To survey paediatric dietitians' knowledge and use of evidence-based nutrition (EBN). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using reply-paid questionnaires. SUBJECTS: Paediatric dietitians in Australian teaching hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, sex, appointment, clinical practice, research activities; attitudes to, training in and use of EBN; and perceived barriers to use of EBN. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (SPSS). RESULTS: Fifty-nine (86%) of 69 questionnaires were returned. Most (97%) dietitians were women working full-time (63%), mean age 37 years (+/-9 SD). Most (75%) dietitians encountered knowledge gaps less than five times per week and most (87%) questions related to therapy. The majority (95%) performed their own literature searches, less than five times per month. All had access to >or=1 electronic literature databases including Medline (n = 58, 98%), Cochrane Library (n = 44, 75%) and CINAHL (n = 35, 59%). Information sources used most often were Medline and consultation with colleagues. Reported barriers to using EBN were lack of time (n = 53, 90%) or lack of skills for critical appraisal of published articles (n = 51, 86%) or literature searching (n = 48, 81%). While 53 (90%) believed in an evidence-based approach, 43 (73%) either did not practise EBN or rated themselves as beginners. CONCLUSION: Most dietitians favoured evidence-based practice, but reported lack of time, skills or rapid access to electronic databases as barriers to its practice
SN  - 0952-3871
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1056
T1  - Evidence-based practice: justifying changes in clinical practice based upon the appraisal of evidence
A1  - Thompson,D.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12599986 IN - Weston General Hospital, Uphill, Somerset BS23 4TQ AS - J Tissue Viability. 13(1):23-9, 2003 Jan JC - 9306822, dca, 9306822 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Diabetes Mellitus/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Diabetic Foot/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Amputation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care Team
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Risk
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 29
JF  - Journal of Tissue Viability
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - Patients with diabetes are known to be at higher risk of foot ulceration that can often lead to limb amputation. Anecdotal evidence suggested that the provision of a multidisciplinary foot clinic for patients with diabetes could improve outcomes. Although this approach appears common sense the author required evidence to support a bid for a change in practice. This paper begins by describing some of the origins and principles of evidence based practice and how they can be applied in practice. The search for evidence and critical appraisal of two papers is explained. The tools used to assist implementation of the change in practice are included. The paper concludes with recommendation for changes in practice based upon the evidence found
SN  - 0965-206X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1057
T1  - Critical-thinking types among nursing and management undergraduates
A1  - Thorpe,K.
A1  - Loo,R.
Y1  - 2003/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14554110 IN - School of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada T1K 3M4. thorpe@uleth.ca AS - Nurse Educ Today. 23(8):566-74, 2003 Nov JC - ned, 8511379 SB - N CP - Scotland PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Problem Solving
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alberta
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 566
EP  - 574
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
N2  - Watson and Glaser (1994) developed a short version, Form S, of their long-established Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), as a quickly administered measure of critical thinking. This exploratory study used scores from the five sub-tests in Form S, with samples from two professional schools, nursing (n=233) and management (n=131) undergraduates, to identify the typology of critical-thinking types. Four clusters were identified, using a two-stage clustering procedure, in both samples. Discriminant analyses showed that 96% of participants were correctly classified using cluster membership and scores from the five sub-tests as discriminating variables. Implications and recommendations for education and training in critical thinking are presented as well as recommendations for future research on critical-thinking types
SN  - 0260-6917
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1058
T1  - Heterarchy and hierarchy: a critical appraisal of the "levels of evidence" as a tool for clinical decision making
A1  - Tickle-Degnen,L.
A1  - Bedell,G.
Y1  - 2003/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12674318 IN - Department of Occupational Therapy, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 630 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA tickle@bu.edu AS - Am J Occup Ther. 57(2):234-7, 2003 Mar-Apr JC - 7705978, 3o4 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Occupational Therapy/st [Standards]
KW  - *Patient-Centered Care/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Science
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 237
JF  - American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2003 Mar-Apr; 57(2): 234-7.(8 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Occupational Therapy
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SN  - 0272-9490
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1059
T1  - Creative way to improve practice: the research journal club
A1  - Valente,S.M.
Y1  - 2003/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12695701 IN - University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. sharon.valente@med.va.gov AS - Home Healthc Nurse. 21(4):271-4, 2003 Apr JC - g3c, 8403379, 8403379 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Staff
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 271
EP  - 274
JF  - Home Healthcare Nurse.2003 Apr; 21(4): 271-4.(7 ref)
J1  - Home Healthcare Nurse
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - Research highlights interventions that improve patient care; however, this evidence does not consistently show up in practice. To decrease adverse events and increase patient and referral satisfaction, home care agencies must find ways to keep their clinical staff up to date. This article describes how one agency created a journal club that has met with success
SN  - 0884-741X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1060
T1  - Clinical Evidence diagnosis: Developing a sensitive search strategy to retrieve diagnostic studies on deep vein thrombosis: a pragmatic approach
A1  - Vincent,S.
A1  - Greenley,S.
A1  - Beaven,O.
Y1  - 2003/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12919278 IN - Clinical Evidence, London, UK. sam.vincent@bazian.com AS - Health Info Libr J. 20(3):150-9, 2003 Sep JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Venous Thrombosis/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Subject Headings
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 150
EP  - 159
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To devise and evaluate a sensitive search strategy to retrieve diagnostic studies on specific diagnostic tests for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: Systematic reviews on diagnostic tests for DVT were identified and the studies cited by them used to produce a reference set of search results (to be used to evaluate different search strategies). Five existing diagnosis search filters were combined to produce a sensitive search. This combined search was then refined to produce a more specific strategy, which was run on medline and the results were checked against the reference set. This search was too specific and was modified to produce a more balanced final strategy, which was again tested and the results compared with the reference set. The sensitivity of this newly created strategy was compared with the existing diagnosis searches already found. Finally, studies identified by the final search strategy were critically appraised for validity and relevance and the selected articles were compared with those found in the reference set. RESULTS: The final filter retrieved 124 out of 126 references from the reference set. From the search result, 227 cohort studies were selected and 147 of these were not cited in any of the systematic reviews on diagnostic tests for DVT. CONCLUSIONS: The search strategy had 98.8% sensitivity. The precision of 8.8%, although low, compares well with other strategies with high sensitivity. Most of the systematic reviews on diagnosing a DVT have omitted a number of high quality articles
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1061
T1  - Residents from five training programs report improvements in knowledge, attitudes and skills after a rotation with a hospice program
A1  - Von Gunten,C.F.
A1  - Mullan,P.B.
A1  - Harrity,S.
A1  - Diamant,J.
A1  - Heffernan,E.
A1  - Ikeda,T.
A1  - Roberts,W.L.
A1  - Faculty,Center for Pallative Study
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12888378 IN - Center for Palliative Studies, San Diego Hospice and Palliative Care, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. cvongunten@sdhospice.org AS - J Cancer Educ. 18(2):68-72, 2003 JC - avy, 8610343 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Hospices
KW  - *Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Cancer
KW  - content
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Home
KW  - Home Visits
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Pain
KW  - palliative care
KW  - Palliative Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Worker
KW  - Social Workers
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Terminal Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 68
EP  - 72
JF  - Journal of Cancer Education
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: The faculty of the Center for Palliative Studies teach residents from 5 different primary care residency training programs who rotate at San Diego Hospice: 3 in Internal Medicine, 2 in Family Medicine. Residents participate in the care of patients in the inpatient care setting and make joint home visits with physicians and other team members. A series of 4 lectures on end-of-life care is given on Tuesday mornings: management of pain, other symptoms, interdisciplinary roles of chaplains, social workers, nurses, and grief/bereavement are discussed. In addition, there is a Tuesday noon conference that follows a journal club format. Because of scheduling, residents from some programs are not able to attend all lectures and conferences. METHODS: A 27-item self-assessment evaluation tool was developed for administration to residents before and after their experience. A total of 65 evaluations for residents rotating in academic year 1997-98 and 1998-1999 were collated and analyzed. RESULTS: When evaluated as a whole, residents noted significant improvements in their ability to assess and treat symptoms, to tell patient/family about the dying process and to care for dying patients at home (range in improvement from 26% to 67%, p < 0.05 using paired t-test). About half of the residents perceived that the content was not available elsewhere in their training. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a single hospice rotation can effectively contribute to resident education in multiple programs
SN  - 0885-8195
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1062
T1  - Is chiropractic evidence based? A pilot study
A1  - Wenban,A.B.
Y1  - 2003/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12532138 AS - J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 26(1):47, 2003 Jan JC - iy5, 7807107 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Chiropractic/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Chiropractic Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 47
JF  - Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To calculate the proportion of care delivered in a chiropractic practice supported by good-quality clinical trials. DESIGN: Retrospective survey. METHODS: Data were collected from patient files relating to 180 consecutive patient visits in a suburban chiropractic practice in northern Spain. Each patient's presenting complaint was paired with the chiropractor's chosen primary intervention. Based on a literature review (Medline, Mantis, and nonautomated searches of local medical libraries), each presenting complaint-primary intervention pairing was categorized according to the level of supporting evidence as follows: Category I, intervention based on good quality clinical trial evidence; Category II, intervention based on poor-quality or no clinical trial evidence. To distinguish between good- and poor-quality clinical trials, studies were critically appraised and assigned quality scores. RESULTS: Of the 180 cases surveyed, 123 (68.3%) (95% CI, 61.5%-75.1%) were based on clinical trials of good methodologic quality (Category I). Only 57 (31.7%) (95% CI, 24.9%-38.5%) of the cases were based on poor-quality or no clinical trial evidence (Category II). CONCLUSIONS: When patients were used as the denominator, the majority of cases in a chiropractic practice were cared for with interventions based on evidence from good-quality, randomized clinical trials. When compared to the many other studies of similar design that have evaluated the extent to which different medical specialties are evidence based, chiropractic practice was found to have the highest proportion of care (68.3%) supported by good-quality experimental evidence
SN  - 0161-4754
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1063
T1  - Clinical librarianship: a systematic review of the literature. [Review] [59 refs]
A1  - Winning,M.A.
A1  - Beverley,C.A.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12757432 IN - Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Trust, Doncaster, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. alison.winning@dbh.nhs.uk AS - Health Info Libr J. 20 Suppl 1:10-21, 2003 Jun JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Library Services/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - *Patient Care Team
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management/ed [Education]
KW  - Interdisciplinary Communication
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Library Association
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 21
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
N2  - Clinical librarianship (CL), currently receiving renewed interest world-wide, seeks to provide quality-filtered information to health professionals at the point of need to support clinical decision-making. This review builds upon the work of Cimpl (Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 1985, 73, 21-8) and attempts to establish the evidence base for CL. The objectives were to determine, from the literature, whether CL services are used by clinicians, have an effect on patient care, and/or clinicians' use of literature in practice and/or are cost-effective. The methodology used was a systematic review of the literature, following, where possible, the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) framework. Modifications to this methodology included the resources searched, and the critical appraisal checklist (CriSTAL) used. Two hundred and eighty-four unique references were retrieved. Seventeen (16 unique) evaluative and a further 33 descriptive studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of reporting of the literature was generally poor. CL programmes appear to be well-used and received by clinicians. However, there is insufficient evidence available on their effect on patient care, clinicians' use of literature in practice, and their cost-effectiveness, thus highlighting the need for further high-quality research. [References: 59]
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1064
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine in the real world--an experimental evaluation in a hospital care system]. [German]
A1  - Zielinski,W.
A1  - Goldstein,M.
A1  - Muller-Lissner,S.
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 12891969 IN - Qualitatsmanagement Park-Klinik Weissensee und Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin. ebm@park-klinik.com OT - EbM in the real world--Ein Praxisbericht zur Einfuhrung der EbM in die stationare Versorgung AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 97(4-5):277-82, 2003 Jul JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Inpatients
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 277
EP  - 282
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 97
IS  - 4-5
N2  - In Germany, effective tools for the implementation of evidence-based medicine (EbM) in the hospital setting have been rarely recorded. In the model project of the Park-Klinik Weissensee in Berlin, the so-called Park-Klinik EbM project, a multi-dimensional integrational approach is being put to the test. The Berlin hospital regards recommendations for actions based on EbM in the form of text modules (EbM bits of information) employed for discharge letters of the Department of Internal Medicine and locally tailored clinical practice guidelines as appropriate means for the implementation and application of EbM. Here we present conceptual developments and the first results of quantitative and qualitative evaluation. The benefits of EbM efforts are critically (positively) appraised. The dissemination and implementation of clinical practice guidelines into everyday evidence-based practice must still be improved, though. EbM bits of information are successful and effective instruments for both clinicians and general practitioners
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1065
T1  - A Critical Appraisal of COX-2 Selective Inhibition and Analgesia: How Good So Far? 481
A1  - Bejarano,P.F.
A1  - Herrero,J.F.
Y1  - 2003/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17147669 IN - Department of Anesthesiology, Critical and Palliative Care, Centro Oncologico MD Anderson International-Espana, Madrid, Spain AS - Pain pract.. 3(3):201-17, 2003 Sep JC - 101130835 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Inflammation
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - labeling
KW  - Pain
KW  - palliative care
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Science
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Spain
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 217
JF  - Pain Practice.Vol.5(3)()(pp 153-178), 2005.
J1  - Pain Practice
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
N2  - The development of COX-2 selective inhibitors has opened a new era of clinical investigation in NSAIDs. Discussion of the established concepts of inflammation and therapeutical uses of these drugs has changed the rationale for its clinical use and therapeutic labeling of these drugs. A comprehensive discussion across basic science and clinical areas involved in each of these concepts is presented. This led to a remarkable re-evaluation of our insights on their traditionally proposed mechanisms of analgesia, their side-effects, and the clinical indication of NSAIDs as "over the counter" pain killers. This may shift physicians toward a more rational use of this drug class
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1066
T1  - Towards evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in Saudi Arabia
A1  - Al-Ansary,L.A.
A1  - Alkhenizan,A.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15573177 IN - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. akhenizan@kfshrc.edu.sa AS - Saudi Med J. 25(11):1555-8, 2004 Nov JC - dyw, 7909441 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care/td [Trends]
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Cooperative Behavior
KW  - Cost
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Developed Country
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Needs
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - Skill
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1555
EP  - 1558
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - 25
IS  - 11
N2  - The objective of this review is to provide a brief background on clinical practice guidelines CPGs and tools to assess and locally adapt CPGs. Over the last 2 decades, CPGs have become an increasingly popular tool for synthesis of clinical information, so as to change clinical practice and improve quality of health care. Such a quantitative growth in the number of guidelines available in different specialties is a source of concern since there is evidence that recommendations produced by different groups can be conflicting, invalid, unreliable, and even harmful. Various critical appraisal instruments were designed and tested to assess whether developers have minimized the biases inherent in creating guidelines and addressed the requirements for effective implementation. We recommend using the AGREE instrument which was developed by the Appraisal of Guideline Research and Evaluation AGREE collaboration. It is the most well-developed guideline appraisal instrument available, and it has been shown to have good reliability and validity. There is a growing recognition that it is not possible for national guidelines to be produced on every clinical problem of concern. The cost is huge and few practices have the resources or skills to develop their own valid evidence-based guidelines. Several developed countries encourage local adaptation of international good quality guidelines to avoid duplication of work and cost involved in guidelines development. Therefore wherever possible, Saudi guidelines should be based on existing good quality guidelines. The methodology for local adaptation of CPGs to meet the local needs and resources are explained in this review
SN  - 0379-5284
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1067
T1  - Physician attitudes towards evidence-based medicine in eastern Saudi Arabia
A1  - Al-Baghlie,N.
A1  - Al-Almaie,S.M.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15646158 IN - Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. nadera48@hotmail.com AS - Ann Saudi Med. 24(6):425-8, 2004 Nov-Dec JC - asm, 8507355 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Multiple Linear Regression
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - Physician Attitudes
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Predictor Variable
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Regression
KW  - Sample
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 425
EP  - 428
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.26(6)()(pp 429-432), 2006.
J1  - Annals of Saudi Medicine
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Because of the growing awareness of the limitations of traditional information on clinical decisions, there is a shift in medical practice towards evidence-based medicine (EBM). METHODS: We assessed physician attitudes towards evidence-based medicine (EBM) in a cross-sectional study of a random sample of physicians in primary health care centers (PHCCs) and general hospitals in the Dammam area of eastern Saudi Arabia. A random sample of 409 physicians was drawn from the population of doctors. The tool of data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. Only physicians who said they had heard about EBM were included in the study. RESULTS: Only 108 (39.6%) physicians out of those who responded had heard about EBM. Of those, 71 (65.7%) were in favor of EBM and 89 (90.8%) had a positive attitude towards EBM, as they scored above the cut-off point in the questionnaire. Using multiple linear regression, it was found that critical appraisal knowledge and EBM knowledge scores were the only significant predictor variables of EBM attitude score. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There was an overall positive attitude among physicians towards EBM. There was a proportional relation between the knowledge of EBM and attitude towards it. Dissemination of the EBM concept and practice among physicians is highly recommended
SN  - 0256-4947
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1068
T1  - How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for primary care?
A1  - Alper,B.S.
A1  - Hand,J.A.
A1  - Elliott,S.G.
A1  - Kinkade,S.
A1  - Hauan,M.J.
A1  - Onion,D.K.
A1  - Sklar,B.M.
Y1  - 2004/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15494758 IN - Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65201, USA. editor@dynamicmedical.com AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 92(4):429-37, 2004 Oct JC - 101132728 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - 5 T32 HP17001-15 (PHS) LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Journalism,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Physicians/st [Standards]
KW  - *Primary Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Letter
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Peer Review,Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Software
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 437
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Medicine must keep current with the research literature, and keeping current requires continuously updating the clinical knowledge base (i.e., references that provide answers to clinical questions). The authors estimated the volume of medical literature potentially relevant to primary care published in a month and the time required for physicians trained in medical epidemiology to evaluate it for updating a clinical knowledge base. METHODS: We included journals listed in five primary care journal review services (ACP Journal Club, DynaMed, Evidence-Based Practice, Journal Watch, and QuickScan Reviews). Finding little overlap, we added the 2001 "Brandon/Hill Selected List of Print Books and Journals for the Small Medical Library." We counted articles (including letters, editorials, and other commentaries) published in March 2002, using bibliographic software where possible and hand counting when necessary. For journals not published in March 2002, we reviewed the nearest issue. Five primary care physicians independently evaluated fifty randomly selected articles and timed the process. RESULTS: The combined list contained 341 currently active journals with 8,265 articles. Adjusting for publication frequency, we estimate 7,287 articles are published monthly in this set of journals. Physicians trained in epidemiology would take an estimated 627.5 hours per month to evaluate these articles. CONCLUSIONS: To provide practicing clinicians with the best current evidence, more comprehensive and systematic literature surveillance efforts are needed
SN  - 1536-5050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1069
T1  - The development of a computer-assisted curriculum in reproductive endocrinology and infertility for residents
A1  - Alvero,R.
A1  - Lund,K.
A1  - Armstrong,A.
A1  - Vontver,L.
A1  - Schlaff,W.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15547563 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colo, USA. ruben.alvero@uchsc.edu AS - Am J Obstet Gynecol. 191(5):1777-81, 2004 Nov JC - 3ni, 0370476 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer-Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Endocrinology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Reproductive Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infertility
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1777
EP  - 1781
JF  - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.Vol.191(1)()(pp 36-44), 2004.
J1  - American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
VL  - 191
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the features of an effective computer-based residency curriculum in reproductive endocrinology and infertility. STUDY DESIGN: A review of the literature to determine those features that have been used by training programs in medicine. Reproductive endocrinology and infertility division directors, current obstetrics and gynecology residents, and obstetrics and gynecology practitioners in the community were surveyed to evaluate critical subjects for study. RESULTS: Programs most successful in using computers in training health care providers use a case-based approach that prioritizes important subjects. Areas of greatest importance to the 3 groups surveyed include infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and management of the climacteric, and several other areas were also deemed critical. CONCLUSION: Benefits of computer-based learning include consistency, the ability to develop problem solving skills for life-long learning, and a self-paced approach, but its validity as a teaching tool will require rigorous appraisal
SN  - 0002-9378
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1070
T1  - Innovative strategic Canadian research training from TomorrOw's Research Cardiovascular Health Care Professionals (TORCH). [Review] [13 refs]
A1  - Armstrong,P.W.
A1  - Ezekowitz,C.
A1  - Michelakis,E.
A1  - Anderson,T.
A1  - Archer,S.
A1  - Ghali,W.
A1  - Hayward,R.
A1  - Jensen,L.
A1  - Lopaschuk,G.
A1  - Sheldon,R.
Y1  - 2004/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15061584 IN - University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. paul.armstrong@ualberta.ca AS - Clin Invest Med. 27(1):33-41, 2004 Feb JC - dfg, 7804071 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Research Support
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Career
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - complexity
KW  - Concepts
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Health Personnel
KW  - health professionals
KW  - health research
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - innovation
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Mentor
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Model
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Skill
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - thought
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Training Support
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 41
JF  - Clinical & Investigative Medicine - Medecine Clinique et Experimentale
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - Cardiovascular research training is experiential, and "skills" are traditionally acquired through a master-apprentice paradigm. The complexity of contemporary clinical research requires a new model for research training. Facilitated through a Strategic Training Program Initiative, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), with its partners the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation, supported the Universities of Alberta and Calgary to create a new and innovative training model. Tomorrow's Research Cardiovascular Health Professionals (TORCH) is an integrated 2-year program for health care professionals from diverse disciplines to be mentored toward careers as leaders in translational cardiovascular research, applying discovery to human health. This report describes the vision, mission, core values, objectives, design and curriculum of the program. Our vision is the development of a new generation of cardiovascular research clinician-scientists, with particular emphasis on thought, leadership and collaboration. The program incorporates 4 core values: innovation and discovery, a translational and transdisciplinary focus, an emphasis on collaboration and integration of research concepts, and the teaching of a core body of research knowledge coupled with real-world "survival" skills. The core curriculum, organized according to a cluster concept, traverses the 4 pillars of the CIHR. Through the medium of 1-hour weekly videoconferences, the curriculum cycles through case studies, seminars and a journal club in focused areas of cardiovascular research. Mentors in the TORCH program have diverse backgrounds that epitomize the transdisciplinary translational aspects of the program and are chosen for their proven record of research accomplishment and prior history of successful mentoring. The program has recruited 19 trainees from a broad cross-section of disciplines, integrating 2 University of Alberta campuses. The preliminary experience has been both favourable and gratifying. [References: 13]
SN  - 0147-958X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1071
T1  - Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations I: critical appraisal of existing approaches The GRADE Working Group
A1  - Atkins,D.
A1  - Eccles,M.
A1  - Flottorp,S.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - Henry,D.
A1  - Hill,S.
A1  - Liberati,A.
A1  - O'Connell,D.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Phillips,B.
A1  - Schunemann,H.
A1  - Edejer,T.T.
A1  - Vist,G.E.
A1  - Williams,J.W.,Jr.
A1  - GRADE Working Group
Y1  - 2004/12/22/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15615589 IN - Center for Practice and Technology Assessment, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Rd. Rockville, MD 20852, USA. DAtkins@AHRQ.GOV AS - BMC Health Serv Res. 4(1):38, 2004 Dec 22 JC - 101088677 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - *Systems Analysis
KW  - Advisory Committees
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/cl [Classification]
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professionals
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
KW  - United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 38
JF  - BMC Health Services Research.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 03 APR 2006.
J1  - BMC Health Services Research
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: A number of approaches have been used to grade levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations. The use of many different approaches detracts from one of the main reasons for having explicit approaches: to concisely characterise and communicate this information so that it can easily be understood and thereby help people make well-informed decisions. Our objective was to critically appraise six prominent systems for grading levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations as a basis for agreeing on characteristics of a common, sensible approach to grading levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations. METHODS: Six prominent systems for grading levels of evidence and strength of recommendations were selected and someone familiar with each system prepared a description of each of these. Twelve assessors independently evaluated each system based on twelve criteria to assess the sensibility of the different approaches. Systems used by 51 organisations were compared with these six approaches. RESULTS: There was poor agreement about the sensibility of the six systems. Only one of the systems was suitable for all four types of questions we considered (effectiveness, harm, diagnosis and prognosis). None of the systems was considered usable for all of the target groups we considered (professionals, patients and policy makers). The raters found low reproducibility of judgements made using all six systems. Systems used by 51 organisations that sponsor clinical practice guidelines included a number of minor variations of the six systems that we critically appraised. CONCLUSIONS: All of the currently used approaches to grading levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations have important shortcomings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1072
T1  - Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
A1  - Atkins,D.
A1  - Best,D.
A1  - Briss,P.A.
A1  - Eccles,M.
A1  - Falck-Ytter,Y.
A1  - Flottorp,S.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - Harbour,R.T.
A1  - Haugh,M.C.
A1  - Henry,D.
A1  - Hill,S.
A1  - Jaeschke,R.
A1  - Leng,G.
A1  - Liberati,A.
A1  - Magrini,N.
A1  - Mason,J.
A1  - Middleton,P.
A1  - Mrukowicz,J.
A1  - O'Connell,D.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Phillips,B.
A1  - Schunemann,H.J.
A1  - Edejer,T.T.
A1  - Varonen,H.
A1  - Vist,G.E.
A1  - Williams,J.W.,Jr.
A1  - Zaza,S.
A1  - GRADE Working Group
Y1  - 2004/06/19/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15205295 AS - BMJ. 328(7454):1490, 2004 Jun 19 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communication
KW  - Confidence
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Risk
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1490
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 328
IS  - 7454
N2  - Users of clinical practice guidelines and other recommendations need to know how much confidence they can place in the recommendations. Systematic and explicit methods of making judgments can reduce errors and improve communication. We have developed a system for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations that can be applied across a wide range of interventions and contexts. In this article we present a summary of our approach from the perspective of a guideline user. Judgments about the strength of a recommendation require consideration of the balance between benefits and harms, the quality of the evidence, translation of the evidence into specific circumstances, and the certainty of the baseline risk. It is also important to consider costs (resource utilisation) before making a recommendation. Inconsistencies among systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations reduce their potential to facilitate critical appraisal and improve communication of these judgments. Our system for guiding these complex judgments balances the need for simplicity with the need for full and transparent consideration of all important issues
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1073
T1  - Presenting at journal club: A guide
A1  - Atzema,C.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15278092 IN - Royal College Emergency Medicine Residency Training Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada AS - Ann Emerg Med. 44(2):169-74, 2004 Aug JC - 8002646 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - College
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 169
EP  - 174
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1074
T1  - The Vancouver General Hospital acute spine journal club: a success story
A1  - Belanger,L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15176347 IN - Acute Spine Program, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia AS - SCI Nurs. 21(1):29-30, 2004 JC - ufy, 8503185 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Information Dissemination
KW  - *Organizations
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Spinal Injuries/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - stories
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 30
JF  - SCI Nursing.2004 Spring; 21(1): 29-30.
J1  - SCI Nursing
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SN  - 0888-8299
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1075
T1  - Practice variability in management of acute respiratory distress syndrome: bringing evidence and clinician education to the bedside using a web-based teaching tool
A1  - Belda,T.E.
A1  - Gajic,O.
A1  - Rabatin,J.T.
A1  - Harrison,B.A.
Y1  - 2004/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15329172 IN - Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 2-114 Old Marian Hall, Rochester MN 55905, USA. belda.thomas@mayo.edu AS - Respir Care. 49(9):1015-21, 2004 Sep JC - qz3, 7510357 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns/td [Trends]
KW  - *Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Adult/th [Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critical Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertext
KW  - Information
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Parenteral Nutrition
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Point-of-Care Systems
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Publication
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Respiratory Distress Syndrome,Adult/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Respiratory Therapist
KW  - Responses
KW  - Sedation
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Ventilator
KW  - Weaning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1015
EP  - 1021
JF  - Respiratory Care.2001 Nov; 46(11): 1226-35.(31 ref)
J1  - Respiratory Care
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
N2  - BACKGROUND: Clinical practice often lags behind publication of evidence-based research and national consensus guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To assess practice variability in the clinical management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and test an evidence-based, online clinician-education tool designed to improve intensive-care clinicians' understanding of current evidence about ARDS management. METHODS: We surveyed 117 intensive care clinicians (16 critical care physician specialists, 28 resident physicians, 50 critical care nurses, and 23 respiratory therapists) with an online questionnaire in our tertiary academic institution. Fifty of the original respondents (12 residents, 26 critical care nurses, and 12 respiratory therapists) also responded to a repeat survey that included context-sensitive hypertext links to a summary of critically appraised primary articles regarding ARDS management, to determine if the responses changed after the clinicians had read the evidence-based summary information. RESULTS: Critical care physician specialists were most likely to choose the low-tidal-volume (low-VT) ventilation strategy and protocol-based ventilator weaning and were least likely to choose neuromuscular blockade or parenteral nutrition (p < 0.05). In a paired comparison, individual respondents were more likely to choose treatment options that are based on stronger evidence (low-VT, daily interruption in sedation, and protocol weaning [p < 0.01]). We also reviewed the medical records of 100 patients who were mechanically ventilated for > 48 h, during the 6 months before and after the survey, from which we identified 45 ARDS patients. Following the clinician-education intervention, ARDS patients were less likely to receive potentially injurious high-VT ventilation (mean day-3 VT 10.3 +/- 2.3 mL/kg before vs 8.9 +/- 1.7 mL/kg after, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Web-based teaching tools are useful to educate intensive-care practitioners and to promote evidence-based practice. Copyright 2004 Daedalus Enterprises
SN  - 0020-1324
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1076
T1  - HIV-AIDS patients' evaluation of health information on the internet: the digital divide and vulnerability to fraudulent claims
A1  - Benotsch,E.G.
A1  - Kalichman,S.
A1  - Weinhardt,L.S.
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15612847 IN - Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA AS - J Consult Clin Psychol. 72(6):1004-11, 2004 Dec JC - 0136553, hw3 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - P30 MH52776 (NIMH) NO - R01-MH63666 (NIMH) LG - English
KW  - *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
KW  - *Fraud
KW  - *Health Education
KW  - *HIV Seropositivity
KW  - *Information Dissemination
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Copyright
KW  - credibility
KW  - Culture
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Belief
KW  - health information
KW  - Humans
KW  - Income
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Male
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - professionals
KW  - psychology
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1004
EP  - 1011
JF  - Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology
VL  - 72
IS  - 6
N2  - Access to health information on the Internet has revolutionized how medical patients learn about their illnesses. Valuable information can be found online; however, many health Web sites contain inaccurate or misleading information. The authors surveyed 324 adults with HIV concerning their Internet use for obtaining health information. Health information found online was then rated for quality by participants and by medical professionals. Participants were less critical of health information found online than medical professionals and made smaller distinctions between high-quality and low-quality information. Assigning credibility to low-quality information was predicted by lower incomes and educational attainment, poorer reading comprehension, lower literacy levels, and irrational health beliefs. Results suggest that patients do not always evaluate online information critically and may be vulnerable to misinformation. Copyright 2004 APA
SN  - 0022-006X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1077
T1  - A proposed higher education institution-based Three Rs advisory service
A1  - Berdoy,M.
A1  - Repp,C.R.
Y1  - 2004/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15601220 IN - University of Oxford Veterinary Services, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK. manuel.berdoy@vet.ox.ac.uk AS - Altern Lab Anim. 32 Suppl 2:9-11, 2004 Sep JC - dyf, 8110074 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Animal Use Alternatives
KW  - *Information Science/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Laboratory Animal Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Universities/es [Ethics]
KW  - academia
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - higher education
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratory Animal Science/es [Ethics]
KW  - Library
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 11
JF  - ATLA-Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
VL  - 32
N2  - The University of Oxford's Ethical Review Process (ERP) is promoting a pilot scheme for a collaborative UK higher education institution-based Three Rs advisory service. It is believed that there is scope for UK academia to make a significant contribution, through the spread of its science base and the availability of high-quality library and IT services. A collaborative approach based on the concept of the critically appraised topic is envisaged, to minimise duplication and to ensure that limited resources are used to good effect. The initial objective is to identify, research, and validate refinement and replacement alternatives, drawing on both the skills of the information professional and the analogy of evidence-based health care. The results would be disseminated among member institutions by way of web-based systems, which could also offer on-line training in search strategies. The service would provide assistance to university-based project licence applicants, and would contribute to achieving the aims of the ERP, as an initiative "leading to the widest possible application of the Three Rs". It is hoped to develop the scheme in partnership with research council initiatives now under way, as the councils play a key role as funders, not only of research, but also of research student training. Universities are uniquely positioned, as centres of scientific education and, through continuing education, of continuing professional development, to provide a base for training in good practice. A successful pilot project could provide a foundation for a similar approach to reduction strategies and experimental design
SN  - 0261-1929
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1078
T1  - Appraising and applying evidence about a diagnostic test during a performance-based assessment
A1  - Bergus,G.
A1  - Vogelgesang,S.
A1  - Tansey,J.
A1  - Franklin,E.
A1  - Feld,R.
Y1  - 2004/10/13/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15482600 IN - Department of Family Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. george-bergus@uiowa.edu AS - BMC Med Educ. 4:20, 2004 Oct 13 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Bayes Theorem
KW  - *Clinical Competence/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - *Psychiatry/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Clerkship/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - competency
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Depressive Disorder,Major/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Heart Failure,Congestive/bl [Blood]
KW  - Heart Failure,Congestive/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Hematologic Tests/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Hospitals,University
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Panic Disorder/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Simulation
KW  - Peers
KW  - practice
KW  - Probability
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: The practice of Evidence-based Medicine requires that clinicians assess the validity of published research and then apply the results to patient care. We wanted to assess whether our soon-to-graduate medical students could appraise and apply research about a diagnostic test within a clinical context and to compare our students with peers trained at other institutions. METHODS: 4th year medical students who previously had demonstrated competency at probability revision and just starting first-year Internal Medicine residents were used for this research. Following an encounter with a simulated patient, subjects critically appraised a paper about an applicable diagnostic test and revised the patient's pretest probability given the test result. RESULTS: The medical students and residents demonstrated similar skills at critical appraisal, correctly answering 4.7 and 4.9, respectively, of 6 questions (p = 0.67). Only one out of 28 (3%) medical students and none of the 15 residents were able to correctly complete the probability revision task (p = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that most students completing medical school are able to appraise an article about a diagnostic test but few are able to apply the information from the article to a patient. These findings raise questions about the clinical usefulness of the EBM skills possessed by graduating medical students within the area of diagnostic testing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1079
T1  - [Evidence-based clinical practice. Part II--Searching evidence databases]. [Portuguese]
A1  - Bernardo,W.M.
A1  - Nobre,M.R.
A1  - Jatene,F.B.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15253037 IN - Associacao Medica Brasileira, Sao Paulo, SP. wanderleybernanrdo@hotmail.com OT - A pratica clinica baseada em evidencias. Parte II--Buscando as evidencias em fontes de informacao AS - Rev Assoc Med Bras. 50(1):104-8, 2004 Jan-Mar JC - 9308586, br5 SB - IM CP - Brazil PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Bibliometrics
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - question
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Risk
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - texts
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 104
EP  - 108
JF  - Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
N2  - The inadequacy of most of traditional sources for medical information, like textbook and review article, do not sustained the clinical decision based on the best evidence current available, exposing the patient to a unnecessary risk. Although not integrated around clinical problem areas in the convenient way of textbooks, current best evidence from specific studies of clinical problems can be found in an increasing number of Internet and electronic databases. The sources that have already undergone rigorous critical appraisal are classified as secondary information sources, others that provide access to original article or abstract, as primary information source, where the quality assessment of the article rely on the clinician oneself . The most useful primary information source are SciELO, the online collection of Brazilian scientific journals, and Medline, the most comprehensive database of the USA National Library of Medicine, where the search may start with use of keywords, that were obtained at the structured answer construction (P.I.C.O.), with the addition of boolean operators "AND", "OR", "NOT". Between the secondary information sources, some of them provide critically appraised articles, like ACP Journal Club, Evidence Based Medicine and InfoPOEMs, others provide evidences organized as online texts, such as "Clinical Evidence" and "UpToDate", and finally, Cochrane Library are composed by systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. To get studies that could answer the clinical question is part of a mindful practice, that is, becoming quicker and quicker and dynamic with the use of PDAs, Palmtops and Notebooks
SN  - 0104-4230
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1080
T1  - A critical appraisal of 'evidence-based medicine' in allergy and asthma
A1  - Bousquet,J.
A1  - Van,Cauwenberge P.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15245351 IN - University Hospital and INSERM U454, Montpellier, France AS - Allergy. 59 Suppl 78:12-20, 2004 Aug JC - 39c, 7804028 SB - IM CP - Denmark PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Hypersensitivity
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Allergy and Immunology/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Asthma/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Asthma/th [Therapy]
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Denmark
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypersensitivity/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Hypersensitivity/th [Therapy]
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - Research
KW  - Screening
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 20
JF  - Allergy
VL  - 59
N2  - Clinical guidelines are 'systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances'. They may offer concise instructions on which diagnostic or screening tests to order, stipulate how medical services should be provided, how long patients should stay in hospital, or many other details relevant to clinical practice. This paper argues that guidelines should be simple, adapted to the clinical setting they inform and to treatment availability in their respective geographic context and that they should not be viewed as a yardstick but as support for physicians. The benefits of evidence-based-medicine (EBM), which defines the value of medical interventions in terms of empiric evidence from clinical trials, are growing in many contexts and are well described. Not sufficiently acknowledged, however, are the limits of EBM. A gap still exists between clinical research and clinical practice which should be better recognized and assessed. Copyright 2004 Blackwell Munksgaard
SN  - 0105-4538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1081
T1  - Promoting the development of doctoring competencies in clinical settings
A1  - Brody,D.S.
A1  - Ryan,K.
A1  - Kuzma,M.A.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14961412 IN - Drexel University College of Medicine, PA 19102-1192, USA. Dsb25@drexel.edu AS - Fam Med. 36 Suppl:S105-9, 2004 Jan JC - fal, 8306464 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Clerkship/td [Trends]
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/td [Trends]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior Modification
KW  - College
KW  - competency
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/td [Trends]
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Goals
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Observation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Performance
KW  - Preceptorship
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Review
KW  - Schools,Medical
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 9
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 36
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This UME-21 project was developed to promote a variety of clinical competencies during a 12-week medicine clerkship for third-year students. METHODS: The clerkship is divided into three 4-week rotations--two inpatient rotations and one outpatient rotation. During each rotation, students select a competency, review the module about that competency on the clerkship Web site, and perform a literature search. Learning exercises prompt students to ask their preceptor to model and discuss the performance of the competency on at least one patient and to provide feedback on their performance at least twice. At the end of each rotation, students are required to write about what they learned from the articles they read, write a critical analysis of their performance of the competency on one patient, and complete an evaluation questionnaire. This report is based on the results from the students' evaluation questionnaire. RESULTS: At the end of the first six rotations, 120 students completed 330 evaluations of the course (93% response rate). The most frequently selected competency modules were behavior modification and patient education. In 81.5% of the evaluations, students felt that there was at least moderate improvement in their ability to perform the selected competency during the rotation. By the end of the rotation, in 85.3% of the evaluations, students indicated that they were confident performing the competency most or almost all of the time. Observing the preceptor was the component of the curriculum most often rated as helpful (59.1%), followed by literature review (57.9%), reviewing the Web site module (45.2%), and observation and feedback by the preceptor (32.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on student reports, the approach described in this paper appears to be a promising way to teach important doctoring competencies in a clinical setting
SN  - 0742-3225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1082
T1  - Reading habits of physical medicine and rehabilitation resident physicians
A1  - Burke,D.T.
A1  - DeVito,M.C.
A1  - Schneider,J.C.
A1  - Julien,S.
A1  - Judelson,A.L.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15213481 IN - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA AS - Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 83(7):551-9, 2004 Jul JC - 8803677, ajo SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Habits
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Physical Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Physicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Rehabilitation/ed [Education]
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New England
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Sport
KW  - Sports Medicine
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 551
EP  - 559
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
VL  - 83
IS  - 7
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the focus and extent of the resident physician reading habits, to compare how these change over the years of their training, and to compare these habits with those of physiatrists in practice. DESIGN: A total of 1,076 surveys were sent to 80 physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The questionnaire contained a list of 36 journals pertinent to the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Resident physicians were asked to indicate which journals they read during the past year and how extensively they read them. Respondents were also asked whether they participated in a journal club and if they read as much as they would like. RESULTS: A total of 324 surveys (30.1%) were completed correctly. At least half of the surveyed resident physicians scanned or read six journals:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (85.2%), American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (80.6%), Journal of the American Medical Association (68.8%), New England Journal of Medicine (60.5%), American Journal of Sports Medicine (50.9%), and Rehab in Review (49.7%). Most resident physicians (93.9%) responded that they do not read as much as they would like, and 90.1% of resident physicians participate in some form of journal club. CONCLUSION: Most resident physicians in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation tend to scan for important articles within one of six journals, with most of these physicians noting that they do not read as much as they would like. As the resident physicians advance in postgraduate-year level, the number of journals that they scan increases. The reading habits of the resident physicians were quite similar to those noted in our previous study of the reading habits of practicing physiatrists
SN  - 0894-9115
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1083
T1  - Methodological appraisal of guidelines. The AGREE instrument
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15185566 IN - Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 23(3):447-56, 2004 Mar JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Cardiology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - credibility
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 447
EP  - 456
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
N2  - The increasingly important role of clinical practice guidelines as a support tool for clinical decision-making is shown by a growing number of publications in the literature. In fact, it is almost impossible to open a medical journal without coming across one or more guidelines on various subjects. Guidelines serve several objectives: 1) improvement in health care (increasing good and decreasing bad practices); 2) greater availability of and access to medical knowledge; and 3) promotion of cost-effective strategies. The recommended methodology for guideline design and development requires that the recommendations should be evidence-based, i.e., based on selected and critically appraised data, with the final inclusion of evidence that is valid, important and applicable, based on explicit pre-defined criteria. The methodological quality of guidelines varies substantially, raising credibility issues, with subsequent lack of results (in terms of changing medical practice). This has given rise to a series of recent publications on methodological rules for the design and writing of guidelines. This paper presents the first international instrument that can be used as a quality assurance tool for evidence-based clinical guidelines: the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1084
T1  - Learning to DISCERN online: applying an appraisal tool to health websites in a workshop setting
A1  - Charnock,D.
A1  - Shepperd,S.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15155597 IN - The Kendra Consortium, Creighton House, Sandwich, UK. deborah.charnock@lineone.net AS - Health Educ Res. 19(4):440-6, 2004 Aug JC - bqp, 8608459 SB - T CP - England PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Patient Education/st [Standards]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Consumer Health Information
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - expertise
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Responses
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - users
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 440
EP  - 446
JF  - Health Education Research
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - This study examined the application of DISCERN-validated criteria for judging the quality of printed information on treatment-to online health information in a workshop setting. A survey was conducted amongst 57 participants attending DISCERN Online workshops. Participants were health information users-health care and information providers, consumers (patients/carers), and consumer representatives. Workshops involved using DISCERN to appraise a health website. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the workshop, and at 2 months follow-up. Responses revealed that participants accessed online health information for professional (85.7%) and personal (75%) reasons. Less than half (41%) had applied some form of quality criteria to online information prior to attending the workshop. Despite varying levels of expertise, participants found DISCERN and the supporting materials accessible. The majority (96.2%) agreed DISCERN would help users discriminate between high- and low-quality online treatment information, and would be applicable to a wide variety of such information. At follow-up, most (89.6%) reported that their attitude to consumer health information of all types had changed-mostly becoming more critical or systematic. It is possible that general schemes such as DISCERN will provide users with simple and flexible skills for dealing with the wide range of treatment information available
SN  - 0268-1153
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1085
T1  - Personality traits and critical thinking skills in college students: empirical tests of a two-factor theory
A1  - Clifford,J.S.
A1  - Boufal,M.M.
A1  - Kurtz,J.E.
Y1  - 2004/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15171465 IN - Villanova University, PA 19085-1699, USA AS - Assessment. 11(2):169-76, 2004 Jun JC - c1b, 9431219 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Studies LG - English
KW  - *Cognition
KW  - *Intelligence Tests
KW  - *Personality Tests
KW  - *Students/px [Psychology]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - cognitive abilities
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - dispositions
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Male
KW  - Models,Psychological
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - Personality
KW  - Personality Inventory
KW  - Regression
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 169
EP  - 176
JF  - Assessment
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - The two-factor theory defines critical thinking skills as a combined effect of cognitive abilities and personality dispositions. Although the available research supports the association between critical thinking and measures of cognitive ability, the specific traits contained in the dispositional factor have not been clearly identified through empirical research. In Study 1,101 undergraduate students completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), three subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, and the revised NEO Personality Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that Openness to Experience scores accounted for significant incremental variance in WGCTA scores beyond that accounted for by Similarities subtest scores. In Study 2, similar analyses of data from 105 students also showed significant incremental effects for Openness to Experience, even after more variance in the cognitive factor was accounted for by the Verbal Comprehension Index. Implications of these findings for the enhancement of critical thinking skills in college students are discussed
SN  - 1073-1911
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1086
T1  - What is the evidence that postgraduate teaching in evidence based medicine changes anything? A systematic review.[see comment]. [Review] [6 refs]
A1  - Coomarasamy,A.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2004/10/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15514348 IN - Education Resource Centre, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TG. arricoomar@blueyonder.co.uk CM - Comment in: Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(2):47; PMID: 16208393 AS - BMJ. 329(7473):1017, 2004 Oct 30 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching/st [Standards]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1017
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 329
IS  - 7473
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of standalone versus clinically integrated teaching in evidence based medicine on various outcomes in postgraduates. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and before and after comparison studies. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, ERIC, Cochrane Library, DARE, HTA database, Best Evidence, BEME, and SCI. STUDY SELECTION: 23 studies: four randomised trials, seven non-randomised controlled studies, and 12 before and after comparison studies. 18 studies (including two randomised trials) evaluated a standalone teaching method, and five studies (including two randomised trials) evaluated a clinically integrated teaching method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge, critical appraisal skills, attitudes, and behaviour. RESULTS: Standalone teaching improved knowledge but not skills, attitudes, or behaviour. Clinically integrated teaching improved knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviour. CONCLUSION: Teaching of evidence based medicine should be moved from classrooms to clinical practice to achieve improvements in substantial outcomes. [References: 6]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1087
T1  - [Evidence based medicine for the gastroenterologist]. [Spanish]
A1  - Curioso,W.H.
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Curioso,W.I.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15098043 IN - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA. wcurioso@u.washington.edu OT - Medicina basada en evidencias para el gastroenterologo AS - Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 24(1):75-91, 2004 Jan-Mar JC - 9108294, a6x, 9108294 SB - IM CP - Peru PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - D43-TW001286-04S1 (FIC) LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Gastroenterology
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 75
EP  - 91
JF  - Revista de Gastroenterologia del Peru
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates the best available external evidence in the care of individual patients with the individual clinical expertise and the patient preferences. This method has been designed for use in daily clinical practice. We describe the rationale for EBM and its principles and application in this article. EBM enables gastroenterologists to update the knowledge required to provide patients with high quality medical care. EBM requires four steps: a) formulating a clinical question arising from a doubt concerning a patient; b) conducting an efficient literature search to answer this question; c) critically appraising this evidence using explicit methods to selected articles to determine the validity of their design and the clinical relevance of their results; and d) applying these results to the patient (taking into account their values and preferences and personal and social circumstances). In this paper, we explain the principles and basic concepts of EBM and their application to gastroenterology and we provide an extensive compilation of internet databases of valid information relevant to gastroenterologists. We also provide a selection of useful tools for self-directed learning of critical appraisal skills. Link updates can be accessed at the following URL: http://www.enlacesmedicos.com/e.htm
SN  - 1022-5129
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1088
T1  - Feasibility and reliability of an in-training assessment programme in an undergraduate clerkship
A1  - Daelmans,H.E.
A1  - van der Hem-Stokroos HH
A1  - Hoogenboom,R.J.
A1  - Scherpbier,A.J.
A1  - Stehouwer,C.D.
A1  - van,der,V
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15566538 IN - Skills Training Department, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. hem.daelmans@vumc.nl AS - Med Educ. 38(12):1270-7, 2004 Dec JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Assessment
KW  - Clinical Clerkship/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Documentation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inservice Training/mt [Methods]
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Observation
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1270
EP  - 1277
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 38
IS  - 12
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Structured assessment, embedded in a training programme, with systematic observation, feedback and appropriate documentation may improve the reliability of clinical assessment. This type of assessment format is referred to as in-training assessment (ITA). The feasibility and reliability of an ITA programme in an internal medicine clerkship were evaluated. The programme comprised 4 ward-based test formats and 1 outpatient clinic-based test format. Of the 4 ward-based test formats, 3 were single-sample tests, consisting of 1 student-patient encounter, 1 critical appraisal session and 1 case presentation. The other ward-based test and the outpatient-based test were multiple sample tests, consisting of 12 ward-based case write-ups and 4 long cases in the outpatient clinic. In all the ITA programme consisted of 19 assessments. METHODS: During 41 months, data were collected from 119 clerks. Feasibility was defined as over two thirds of the students obtaining 19 assessments. Reliability was estimated by performing generalisability analyses with 19 assessments as items and 5 test formats as items. RESULTS: A total of 73 students (69%) completed 19 assessments. Reliability expressed by the generalisability coefficients was 0.81 for 19 assessments and 0.55 for 5 test formats. CONCLUSIONS: The ITA programme proved to be feasible. Feasibility may be improved by scheduling protected time for assessment for both students and staff. Reliability may be improved by more frequent use of some of the test formats
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1089
T1  - Evaluating evidence-based medicine skills during a performance-based examination
A1  - Davidson,R.A.
A1  - Duerson,M.
A1  - Romrell,L.
A1  - Pauly,R.
A1  - Watson,R.T.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14985203 IN - Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA. davidra@medicine.ufl.edu AS - Acad Med. 79(3):272-5, 2004 Mar JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - College
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - competency
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Florida
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - question
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 272
EP  - 275
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 79
IS  - 3
N2  - PURPOSE: To measure students' competencies in evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills [clinical decision making using evidence from published literature (content) and in transmitting clinical information to patients (communication)] within the context of a performance-based examination (PBE). METHOD: In 2002-03, under the direction of a Performance-Based Examination Oversight Committee, 16 EBM queries were developed for a pair of third-year PBEs. At the last station of the PBE, the standardized patient (SP) for that station asked a clinical EBM question relating to their "disease process." Students were asked to develop an appropriate clinical question, perform a Medline search for appropriate articles, critically appraise a complete selected article, reach a conclusion to their question, and transmit the information to the SP. Each student's clinical question, search terms, selected articles, and rationale were evaluated by faculty question-writers, clinical librarians, and the EBM course director using a five-point Likert scale, with 1 being inadequate performance and 5 being superior performance. The SP evaluated the communication skills using a checklist. RESULTS: Students' performances were very good, with means of 3.7 to 4.0 in each area. Agreement between the course director and station developers was good. Seventy-five percent of the students performed adequate Medline searches. Students averaged over 93% on the performance of four communication skills. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of EBM skills can be carried out during a performance-based examination. Results can assist in developing students' skills and directing curricular efforts
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1090
T1  - Starting a journal club
A1  - Denehy,J.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15283618 AS - J Sch Nurs. 20(4):187-8, 2004 Aug JC - bgs, 9206498, 9206498 SB - N CP - United States PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *School Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Organizations
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 187
EP  - 188
JF  - Journal of School Nursing.1999 Dec; 15(5): 40-3.(8 ref)
J1  - Journal of School Nursing
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SN  - 1059-8405
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1091
T1  - Evidence-based radiology: how to quickly assess the validity and strength of publications in the diagnostic radiology literature
A1  - Dodd,J.D.
A1  - MacEneaney,P.M.
A1  - Malone,D.E.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14610687 IN - Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland AS - Eur Radiol. 14(5):915-22, 2004 May JC - cl3, 9114774 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Diagnostic Tests,Routine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Publications/st [Standards]
KW  - *Radiology
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Likelihood Functions
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Probability
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Software
KW  - Statistical Parameters
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 915
EP  - 922
JF  - European Radiology
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
N2  - The aim of this study was to show how evidence-based medicine (EBM) techniques can be applied to the appraisal of diagnostic radiology publications. A clinical scenario is described: a gastroenterologist has questioned the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in a patient who may have common bile duct (CBD) stones. His opinion was based on an article on MRCP published in "Gut." The principles of EBM are described and then applied to the critical appraisal of this paper. Another paper on the same subject was obtained from the radiology literature and was also critically appraised using explicit EBM criteria. The principles for assessing the validity and strength of both studies are outlined. All statistical parameters were generated quickly using a spreadsheet in Excel format. The results of EBM assessment of both papers are presented. The calculation and application of confidence intervals (CIs) and likelihood ratios (LRs) for both studies are described. These statistical results are applied to individual patient scenarios using graphs of conditional probability (GCP). Basic EBM principles are described and additional points relevant to radiologists discussed. Online resources for EBR practice are identified. The principles of EBM and their application to radiology are discussed. It is emphasized that sensitivity and specificity are point estimates of the "true" characteristics of a test in clinical practice. A spreadsheet can be used to quickly calculate CIs, LRs and GCPs. These give the radiologist a better understanding of the meaning of diagnostic test results in any patient or population of patients
SN  - 0938-7994
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1092
T1  - Quantitative evaluation of recall and precision of CAT Crawler, a search engine specialized on retrieval of Critically Appraised Topics
A1  - Dong,P.
A1  - Wong,L.L.
A1  - Ng,S.
A1  - Loh,M.
A1  - Mondry,A.
Y1  - 2004/12/10/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15588311 IN - Medical and Clinical Informatics Group, Bioinformatics Institute, BMRC, A*STAR, Singapore. cindy_dongpeng@yahoo.com <cindy_dongpeng@yahoo.com> AS - BMC Med Inf Decis Mak. 4(1):21, 2004 Dec 10 JC - 101088682 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Validation Studies LG - English
KW  - *Database Management Systems
KW  - *Decision Making,Computer-Assisted
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internet/is [Instrumentation]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Data Collection/is [Instrumentation]
KW  - Decision Support Systems,Clinical
KW  - Documentation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Programming Languages
KW  - quality
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Software Design
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - User-Computer Interface
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
JF  - BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 16.Date of Publication: 16 MAR 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Critically Appraised Topics (CATs) are a useful tool that helps physicians to make clinical decisions as the healthcare moves towards the practice of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). The fast growing World Wide Web has provided a place for physicians to share their appraised topics online, but an increasing amount of time is needed to find a particular topic within such a rich repository. METHODS: A web-based application, namely the CAT Crawler, was developed by Singapore's Bioinformatics Institute to allow physicians to adequately access available appraised topics on the Internet. A meta-search engine, as the core component of the application, finds relevant topics following keyword input. The primary objective of the work presented here is to evaluate the quantity and quality of search results obtained from the meta-search engine of the CAT Crawler by comparing them with those obtained from two individual CAT search engines. From the CAT libraries at these two sites, all possible keywords were extracted using a keyword extractor. Of those common to both libraries, ten were randomly chosen for evaluation. All ten were submitted to the two search engines individually, and through the meta-search engine of the CAT Crawler. Search results were evaluated for relevance both by medical amateurs and professionals, and the respective recall and precision were calculated. RESULTS: While achieving an identical recall, the meta-search engine showed a precision of 77.26% (+/-14.45) compared to the individual search engines' 52.65% (+/-12.0) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the validity of the CAT Crawler meta-search engine approach. The improved precision due to inherent filters underlines the practical usefulness of this tool for clinicians
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1093
T1  - Enhanced quality and quantity of retrieval of Critically Appraised Topics using the CAT Crawler
A1  - Dong,P.
A1  - Mondry,A.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15204609 IN - Medical Informatics Group, Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore. dongpeng@bii.a-star.edu.sg AS - Med Inform Internet Med. 29(1):43-55, 2004 Mar JC - 100883495, dcs SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Computers,Handheld
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Making,Computer-Assisted
KW  - Device
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - quality
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Software Design
KW  - User-Computer Interface
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 55
JF  - Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
N2  - As healthcare moves towards the implementation of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Critically Appraised Topics (CATs) become useful in helping physicians to make clinical decisions. A number of academic and healthcare organizations have set up web-based CAT libraries. The primary objective of the presented work is to provide a one-stop search and download site that allows access to multiple CAT libraries. A web-based application, namely the CAT Crawler, was developed to serve physicians with an adequate access to available appraised topics on the Internet. Important information is extracted automatically and regularly from CAT websites, and consolidated by checking the uniqueness and availability. The principle of meta-search is incorporated into the implementation of the search engine, which finds relevant topics following keyword input. The retrieved result directs the physician to the original resource page. A full-text article of a particular topic can be converted into a proper format for downloading to Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) devices. In summary, the application provides physicians with a common interface to retrieve relevant CATs on particular clinical topics from multiple resources, and thus speeds up the decision making process
SN  - 1463-9238
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1094
T1  - Improving practice with a journal club
A1  - Dyckoff,D.
A1  - Manela,J.
A1  - Valente,S.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15241275 IN - Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Health Care Center, CA, USA AS - Nursing. 34(7):29, 2004 Jul JC - oa3, 7600137 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Staff/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - English
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff/px [Psychology]
KW  - practice
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
JF  - Nursing.2004 Jul; 34(7): 29.(3 ref)
J1  - Nursing
VL  - 34
IS  - 7
SN  - 0360-4039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1095
T1  - RE: Being CLEAR: evaluation of a module to teach critical appraisal to surgeons.[comment]
A1  - Ek,E.T.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15550102 CM - Comment on: ANZ J Surg. 2004 Jan-Feb;74(1-2):69-70; PMID: 14725710 AS - ANZ J Surg. 74(11):1020, 2004 Nov JC - dze, 101086634 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Letter
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1020
JF  - ANZ Journal of Surgery.Vol.76(9)()(pp 805-811), 2006.
J1  - ANZ Journal of Surgery
VL  - 74
IS  - 11
SN  - 1445-1433
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1096
T1  - Challenges for designing and implementing decision aids
A1  - Feldman-Stewart,D.
A1  - Brundage,M.D.
Y1  - 2004/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15324977 IN - Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada, K7L 3N6. deb.feldman-stewart@krcc.on.ca AS - Patient Educ Couns. 54(3):265-73, 2004 Sep JC - pec, 8406280 SB - N CP - Ireland PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Support Techniques
KW  - *Patient Education
KW  - *Patient Participation
KW  - AIDS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Research
KW  - Carcinoma,Non-Small-Cell Lung/th [Therapy]
KW  - challenge
KW  - content
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Lung Neoplasms/th [Therapy]
KW  - Male
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prostate Cancer
KW  - Prostatic Neoplasms/th [Therapy]
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 265
EP  - 273
JF  - Patient Education & Counseling.Vol.60(2)()(pp 102-114), 2006.
J1  - Patient Education & Counseling
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
N2  - Decision aids are tools intended to help patients with decisions about their health-care. We have developed three decision aids to help patients with treatment decisions for: locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), advanced non-small cell lung cancer (A-NSCLC), and early-stage prostate cancer (ES-PC). In developing the aids, we carried out studies to provide them with an empirical basis, and to evaluate their potential for impact. In this paper we report results that challenge common assumptions and typical practice that currently occurs in the development of decision aids. The challenges relate to: how the content of the aid is defined, how the information is presented, how to incorporate decision aids into the dynamic, complex process of making such decisions, and how to evaluate the aids. We conclude that critical appraisal of issues related to the design and implementation of decision aids is required. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd
SN  - 0738-3991
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1097
T1  - Applying evidence-based health care to musculoskeletal patients as an educational strategy for chiropractic interns (a one-group pretest-posttest study)
A1  - Fernandez,C.E.
A1  - Delaney,P.M.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15148464 IN - Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, Southern California University of Health Sciences, PO Box 1160, 16200 E. Amber Valley Drive, Whittier, CA 90609-1166, USA. cfernandezdc@hotmail.com AS - J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 27(4):253-61, 2004 May JC - iy5, 7807107 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Chiropractic/ed [Education]
KW  - *Chiropractic/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Musculoskeletal Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - California
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Musculoskeletal Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Pretest Posttest Design
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 261
JF  - Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To describe and measure the effectiveness of a problem-based educational strategy for teaching evidence-based health care (EBHC) to chiropractic interns, which focused on the development and appraisal of answerable clinical questions using actual musculoskeletal patients. METHODS: A 1-group pretest-posttest design (simple panel design) with investigator-blinded survey administration was used to measure effectiveness of educational activities using adult learning theory with a study population of interns (n=31) at a chiropractic college (Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, Southern California University of Health Sciences [LACC/SCUHS]) teaching clinic. Activities included 2 workshops on constructing clinical questions and critical appraisal of published research and independent patient-based EBHC assignments. A qualitative self-assessment survey was administered before and after a 6-week period of EBHC activities to measure their effectiveness. Sign tests and paired t tests were utilized to determine P values for significant difference of score results. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of subjects completed the pretest-posttest surveys. All survey item responses showed an average increase in subjects' self-rating of skills and attitudes from pretest to posttest. There were statistically significant differences in interns' self-assessed ability to construct an answerable clinical question and appraise research articles and apply them to patient management, as well as their rating of importance of EBHC in patient decision making. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that having chiropractic interns apply EBHC to actual musculoskeletal patients along with attending EBHC workshops had a positive impact on interns' perceived ability to practice EBHC
SN  - 0161-4754
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1098
T1  - [Experimental validation of the Evidence-Based Occupational Health paradigm and of the PICO model in the decision making process applied by occupational health physicians]. [Review] [17 refs] [Italian]
A1  - Franco,G.
A1  - Monduzzi,G.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15732252 IN - Dipartimento Integrato di Medicine e delle Specialita Mediche, Struttura Complessa di Medicina del lavoro--Cattedra e Scuola di Specializzazione dell'Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena. franco@unimo.it OT - Validazione sperimentale del paradigma dell'Evidence Based Occupational Health e del modello PICO nell'analisi decisionale del medico del lavoro AS - Med Lav. 95(6):423-30, 2004 Nov-Dec JC - m4u, 0401176 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review PT - Validation Studies LG - Italian
KW  - *Decision Support Systems,Clinical
KW  - *Models,Theoretical
KW  - *Occupational Health
KW  - *Occupational Medicine
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Examination
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 423
EP  - 430
JF  - Medicina del Lavoro.Vol.95(3)()(pp 211-222), 2004.
J1  - Medicina del Lavoro
VL  - 95
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Health care organizations are increasingly aware of the need to apply quality assurance principles to serve their mission and there is an increasing pressure on health professionals to ensure that the practice is based on evidence of appropriateness. Medical specialists of different disciplines, including occupational health, are presently required to shift from habitual practices to evidence-based practices, and have began to use an approach based on the paradigm of Evidence-Based Medicine and of Evidence-Based Occupational Health (EBOH). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The study was carried out to analyse how the paradigm of the EBOH could be implemented in the search, analysis and synthesis of the best available evidence to apply in the decision-making process in occupational health practice. Out of 464 medical examinations consecutively performed by 4 occupational health physicians, 6 cases were selected on the basis of their complexity and the need for further investigation. Each case was submitted to each of the 4 physicians, who were asked to make a decision according to the EBOH paradigm: i.e., (i) identification of the problem according to the PICO model, (ii) solution of the problem according to his/her internal evidence or experience (iii) search for scientific external evidence, (iv) critical appraisal of such evidence, (v) application of the evidence in the decision-making process, (vi) comparison between internal evidence and external evidence. Outcome measurements, including satisfaction of the physicians, were collected. RESULTS: No differences were found between the decisions based on external evidence or on internal evidence in about 50% of the cases (13/24). In about 1/3 of the cases (7/24) no agreement was observed between the decisions taken on the basis of internal and external evidence. In some cases (5/24) no useful information was added for the purposes of decision-making. In about 50% of the cases the professionals were satisfied with the information found in databases, due to its usefulness both in increasing their knowledge and in improving their practice. CONCLUSIONS: Due to their involvement in a corporate system, the participants were aware of the need to practice according to quality assurance principles and to relinquish ineffective and obsolete practices. They agreed with the need to search for the best available evidence with the aim of guaranteeing efficacious interventions. In spite of a number of obstacles to the application of the EBOH paradigm to occupational health practice, the study demonstrated that such approach can be successfully applied in this field and that it can be proposed for the search of appropriate solutions to the problems usually encountered in professional practice. [References: 17]
SN  - 0025-7818
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1099
T1  - [Adapting the "Curriculum of Evidence-based Medicine" to different target groups. Experiences with postgraduate studies in public health (Hanover) and medical education (Luebeck)]. [German]
A1  - Gerhardus,A.
A1  - Muth,C.
A1  - Luhmann,D.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15106497 IN - Abteilung fur Epidemiologie, Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitssystemforschung, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. gerhardus.ansgar@mh-hannover.de OT - Anpassung des "Curriculum Evidenzbasierte Medizin" fur unterschiedliche Zielgruppen. Erfahrungen aus dem Aufbaustudiengang Public Health in Hannover und der Humanmedizinausbildung in Lubeck AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 98(2):155-61, 2004 Mar JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Public Health/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - context
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Policy
KW  - problems
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Screening
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
EP  - 161
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 98
IS  - 2
N2  - In 2002 the German "Curriculum Evidence-based Medicine" was made available by the Agency for Quality in Medicine and the German Network for Evidence-based Medicine. Its primary aim was to train practising medical doctors. We adapted the curriculum for participants of a postgraduate Master of Public Health course and a course for medical students. The two groups differ from the main target group regarding both their baseline knowledge and the objectives of their respective training courses. Here we report how the curriculum was adapted. The curriculum was adjusted in several ways: The postgraduate course focused on case studies with public health relevance. Beyond the obligatory modules, the focus was on training skills in searching and assessing secondary and tertiary evidence like systematic reviews or health technology assessments. In addition, the health policy context for evidence based medicine in Germany was analysed. In the course that aimed at medical students we included the module "Critical Appraisal of a Survey". At the beginning of each case study, the frequency and relevance of the health problems were elaborated. Apart from case studies on therapeutic interventions we also presented studies on diagnosis, prognosis and screening to demonstrate that evidence-based clinical decision making is feasible for the whole spectrum of questions arising from patient care. The curriculum proved to be adaptive to the needs of heterogeneous groups of participants. In this article we provide a detailed list of practical recommendations for courses for students of Public Health and Medicine
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1100
T1  - An online tutorial for helping nonscience majors read primary research literature in biology
A1  - Gillen,C.M.
A1  - Vaughan,J.
A1  - Lye,B.R.
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15319189 IN - Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambler, OH 43022, USA. gillenc@kenyon.edu AS - Adv Physiol Educ. 28(1-4):95-9, 2004 Dec JC - 100913944, dp5 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Biology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Publications
KW  - active learning
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - class discussion
KW  - College
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities/og [Organization & Administration]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 95
EP  - 99
JF  - Advances in Physiology Education
VL  - 28
IS  - 1-4
N2  - Using primary literature is an effective tool for promoting active learning and critical thinking in science classes. However, it can be challenging to use primary literature in large classes and in classes for nonscience majors. We describe the development and implementation of an online tutorial for helping nonscience majors learn to read primary literature in biology. The tutorial includes content about the scientific process and the structure of scientific papers and provides opportunities for students to practice reading primary literature. We describe the use of the tutorial in Biology of Exercise, a course for nonscience majors. Students used the tutorial outside of class to learn the basic principles involved in reading scientific papers, enabling class sessions to focus on active-learning activities and substantive class discussions
SN  - 1043-4046
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1101
T1  - [Bibliometric analysis of systematic reviews in the Neonatal Cochrane Collaboration. Its role in evidence-based decision making in neonatology]. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15104996 IN - Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Universitario San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Prof. Manual Sala 6, 3.o A. 03003 Alicante, Spain. gonzalez_jav@gva.es OT - Analisis bibliometrico de las revisiones sistematicas en la Colaboracion Cochrane Neonatal. Importancia en la toma de decisiones basada en pruebas en neonatologia AS - An Pediatr (Barc). 60(5):417-27, 2004 May JC - 101162596 SB - IM CP - Spain PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Bibliometrics
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Neonatology
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - challenge
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conflict
KW  - context
KW  - Countries
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Infant
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Neonatology
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Newborn
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Productivity
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 417
EP  - 427
JF  - Anales de Pediatria
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
N2  - INTRODUCTION: The Cochrane Neonatal Collaborative Review Group (CNRG) is one of the most important collaborative review groups registered in the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) and provides a growing and readily accessible source of information to help neonatologists base their care on detailed, critical, and up-to-date reviews of the best available evidence. The objective of this article was to perform a bibliometric analysis (quantitative and qualitative) of the systematic reviews (SR) published in the Neonatal Cochrane Collaboration (NCC) and to identify the subject areas studied by the CNRG in which decision-making in clinical practice is based on the best available evidence. METHODS: We performed a bibliometric analysis of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in Neonatology, Issue 2, 2003 (n = 147 SR). The following variables were registered in each SR: subject area of the study, authors (number and country), dates (last review and update), characteristics of the clinical trials included (number and type), characteristics of included newborns (number and gestational age), reviewers' conclusions and potential conflicts of interest. RESULTS: The main subject areas of studies in the NCC were respiratory diseases (69 SR) and gastroenterology-nutrition (23 SR). Reviews were relatively scarce on some subjects that are very important in clinical practice in neonatology, such as cardiovascular diseases (10 SR), neurology (10 SR) and infectious diseases (6 SR). All the SR dealt with interventions for the treatment or prevention of diseases of the newborn infant (mainly preterm) and we found no reviews on diagnostic tests. Eighty-two per cent of the SR were signed by 2 or 3 authors, and we found four Bradford's zones of productivity. Ninety-two percent of the authors of SR were from four countries (Australia, United States, United Kingdom and Canada). Seventy-nine percent of all SR were published between 2000 and 2002, and 48 % have been updated. The median number of clinical trials per SR was 5 (range 0-30) and the median number of newborns included per SR was 559 (range 0-5448). Sixty percent of SR also included quasi-randomized clinical trials, and 67 % of SR included only preterm infants. In 54 % of the SR, the reviewers' conclusion was sufficient to infer probable effects (favorable or unfavorable) in clinical practice, and potential conflicts of interest were registered in 22 %. DISCUSSION: Although CC reviews are based on specific guidelines, errors and biases occur, suggesting the need to "review the reviews". The bibliometric analysis of the NCC shows that the quality of published SR varies, and the main conclusion is that almost half of the reviewers' conclusions are insufficient to infer probable effects in clinical practice. There is a lack of scientific evidence on many therapies in neonatology and, at the moment, the SR published in the NCC enable evidence-based decision making mainly in the subject area of respiratory diseases and gastroenterology-nutrition. Challenges for the future include the need for bigger and better clinical trials in this field (with long-term outcomes among surviving children), the preparation of systematic reviews on topics not yet covered, and keeping an increasing number of reviews up-to-date. Every decision in neonatology should be based on a systematic appraisal of the best evidence available in the context of the prevailing values and resources at our disposal
SN  - 1695-4033
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1102
T1  - Can a journal club bridge the gap between research and practice?
A1  - Goodfellow,L.M.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15167577 IN - School of Nursing, Duquesne University, 619 College Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA. goodfellow@duq.edu AS - Nurse Educ. 29(3):107-10, 2004 May-Jun JC - oau, 7701902 SB - N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Group Processes
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Author
KW  - College
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - events
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - participation
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vignettes
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 110
JF  - Nurse Educator
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
N2  - It is imperative that nursing students learn to use research as a basis for making clinical decisions. The author discusses how a journal club was structured and designed to promote evidence-based practice and to reduce several of the barriers in utilizing research in the clinical setting. Vignettes illustrate the serendipitous events that also triggered the staff nurses' participation. An informal evaluation of the journal club is presented and suggestions for implementing future journal clubs are provided
SN  - 0363-3624
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1103
T1  - [Evidence-based intensive care medicine. Practice, use and significance]. [Review] [84 refs] [German]
A1  - Graf,J.
A1  - Janssens,U.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15021957 IN - Medizinische Klinik I, Universitatsklinikum Aachen. jgraf@gmx.de OT - Evidenz-basierte Intensivmedizin. Praxis, Nutzen und Bedeutung AS - Anaesthesist. 53(3):253-62, 2004 Mar JC - 4my, 0370525 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Intensive Care
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Catheterization,Swan-Ganz
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hemodynamic Processes/ph [Physiology]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intuition
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Monitoring,Physiologic
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Resource Allocation
KW  - Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 262
JF  - Anaesthesist.Vol.55(11)()(pp 1197-1204), 2006.
J1  - Anaesthesist
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
N2  - The process of evidence-based medicine incorporates structured clinical problem solving aimed at providing an optimal, patient-centred therapeutic approach. Evidence-based medicine is supported by justified therapeutic principles rather than physicians' intuition only. Few of the published articles allow firm conclusions for a rational patient approach. The methodological quality of at least some of these articles is insufficient to guide rational therapy. Thus, critical appraisal of the literature seems mandatory. The following article highlights the process of evidence-based medicine and its implementation in daily clinical practice. Besides the careful analysis of source data, evidence-based medicine warrants the final evaluation of outcomes for process improvement. This can be obtained utilising surrogate parameters, such as organ failure, resource allocation, or quality of life, or crude mortality of the patients. The integration of personal know-how together with sufficient knowledge and critical appraisal of the current literature may finally lead to improved outcomes. [References: 84]
SN  - 0003-2417
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1104
T1  - Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations in general thoracic surgery
A1  - Graham,A.J.
A1  - Gelfand,G.
A1  - McFadden,S.D.
A1  - Grondin,S.C.
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15646449 IN - Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. andrew.graham@calgaryhealthregion.ca AS - Can J Surg. 47(6):461-5, 2004 Dec JC - ckj, 0372715 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Thoracic Surgery/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Consensus
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - grades
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Sample
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 461
EP  - 465
JF  - Canadian Journal of Surgery
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the grades of recommendations and levels of evidence available if the formal practice of evidence-based medicine is applied to general thoracic surgery. METHODS: Three general thoracic surgeons, by consensus, developed a sample of 10 clinically important questions. The first 3 steps of evidence-based medicine (creation of answerable clinical questions, search for best external evidence, and critical appraisal of literature) were performed. Abstracts and appropriate articles were identified through Medline from January 1999 through December 2001. A hierarchical series of search strategies was employed to identify the best level of evidence. The best evidence found was categorized according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine into 4 grades of recommendations (A-D) and 5 levels of evidence (1-5). RESULTS: The best evidence found for the 10 sample questions was categorized as grade A recommendations in 5 and grade B, also in 5 questions. The levels of evidence found were la in 3 studies, 1b in 5, and 2b in 2. CONCLUSIONS: A formal evidence-based-medicine approach to general thoracic surgery found the grades of recommendation and levels of evidence for a sample of clinically important questions to be high
SN  - 0008-428X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1105
T1  - From evidence to action. [Review] [20 refs]
A1  - Gronseth,G.S.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15717035 IN - Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA. ggronseth@kumc.edu AS - NeuroRx. 1(3):331-40, 2004 Jul JC - 101189456 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Neurology
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Behavior
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Fear
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Habit
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Neurology/st [Standards]
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Reimbursement
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - skepticism
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 331
EP  - 340
JF  - NeuroRx
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - Despite the availability of vast quantities of evidence from basic biomedical and clinical studies, a gap often exists between the optimal practice suggested by the evidence and actual practice. For many clinical situations, however, evidence is unavailable, of poor quality or contradictory. Out of necessity, clinicians have become accustomed to relying on non-evidence-based tools to make decisions. Out of habit, they rely on these tools even when high-quality evidence becomes available. Growing out of an increasing awareness of this problem, the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement sought to empower clinicians to find the evidence most relevant to a specific clinical question. Various organizations have used EBM techniques to develop systematic reviews and practice guidelines to aid physicians in making evidence-based decisions. A systematic review follows a process of asking a clinical question, finding the relevant evidence, critically appraising the evidence and formulating conclusions and recommendations. Results are mixed on whether educating physicians about evidence-based recommendations is sufficient to change physician behavior. Barriers to adopting evidence-based best practice remain, including physician skepticism, patient expectations, fear of legal action, and distorted reimbursement systems. Additionally, despite enormous research efforts there remains a lack of high-quality evidence to guide care for many clinical situations. [References: 20]
SN  - 1545-5343
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1106
T1  - The need for education in evidence-based orthopedics: an international survey of AO course participants
A1  - Hanson,B.P.
A1  - Bhandari,M.
A1  - Audige,L.
A1  - Helfet,D.
Y1  - 2004/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15260426 IN - AO Clinical Investigation and Documentation, Clavadelerstrasse, Davos, Switzerland. beate.hanson@ao-asif.ch AS - Acta Orthop Scand. 75(3):328-32, 2004 Jun JC - 0370352, 1go SB - IM CP - Norway PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Orthopedics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Questionnaires
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Gender
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Norway
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 328
EP  - 332
JF  - Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica.Vol.75(6)()(pp 663-676), 2004.
J1  - Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: As evidence-based practitioners, surgeons need to understand study methodology to critically appraise and conduct research. OBJECTIVE: To determine current understanding of study methodology and critical appraisal among participants at an international educational meeting. METHODS: We surveyed participants attending the 76th and 77th AO Course (December 2002) in Davos, Switzerland. We obtained information regarding participant age, gender, clinical and research experience, subspecialty area and respondents' roles in the AO course. The survey questions were formatted into three areas: evidence-based orthopedics, randomization and blinding issues. RESULTS: 532 participants completed the questionnaire. They represented 78 countries, the majority of which (31%) were from German-speaking countries. A greater proportion of participants trusted randomized controlled trials (89%) and meta-analyses of randomized trials (81%) when compared with case series and case reports. 60 respondents (11%) had never heard of the term "randomization" as a study design method to limit bias, and 114 respondents (21%) had never heard of the term "blinding" as a method of reducing bias in surgical research. When those who had heard of blinding were asked to define the term "double-blind", 20 different definitions resulted. Having completed the survey, nine-tenths of the respondents endorsed the need for training of surgeons in research methodology
SN  - 0001-6470
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1107
T1  - Teaching and evaluating first and second year medical students' practice of evidence-based medicine
A1  - Holloway,R.
A1  - Nesbit,K.
A1  - Bordley,D.
A1  - Noyes,K.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15271048 IN - Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, 1351 Mount Hope Avenue, Suite 220, Rochester, NY 14620, USA. Robert.Holloway@ctcc.rochester.edu AS - Med Educ. 38(8):868-78, 2004 Aug JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - K01 AG 20980-01 (NIA) NO - K24 NS 42098-01 (NINDS) LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Test-Retest Reliability
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 868
EP  - 878
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 38
IS  - 8
N2  - PURPOSE: To implement an evidence-based medicine (EBM) curriculum for Year 1 and 2 medical students, and to develop a method to evaluate their practice of EBM in discrete and relevant worksteps. METHODS: For the 100 students entering Year 1 of their medical education in 2000, we implemented a curriculum with 25-30 student contact hours of EBM instruction which used a variety of teaching formats and spanned the first and second years of their training. We developed an evaluation module that assessed the following 5 steps in the practice of EBM: generating well built questions; searching for evidence; critical appraisal; applying the evidence, and self-evaluation. We tested 2 different versions of the test module 3-months apart with the same cohort of second year students, and correlated their scores on the second module with examination components of a comprehensive assessment. We obtained feedback from the students regarding the EBM curriculum and evaluation method. RESULTS: Each test module took 2-4 hours to complete and 5-8 minutes to grade. There was moderate test-retest reliability for the total test scores (r = 0.35, P < 0.001). Step 1 scores correlated with the mock board examination scores (r = 0.23, P = 0.05). Step 2 scores correlated with the peer assessment factor "work habits" (r = 0.24, P = 0.02), and Step 3 scores correlated with clinical reasoning exercises (r = 0.31, P = 0.002). Step 4 scores lacked test-retest reliability and did not correlate with components of the comprehensive assessment. The majority of students felt there was too much focus on EBM during the first 2 years of the curriculum and they rated the EBM test module the lowest rated component of the comprehensive assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Although we have demonstrated preliminary reliability and validity of a new evaluation instrument that assess the domains of scientific knowledge, work habits and reasoning skills required in the practice of EBM, many of the correlations were weak, and we remain in the very early stages of determining if, when and how EBM instruction should occur in medical education
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1108
T1  - Medical students' perceptions of an undergraduate research elective
A1  - Houlden,R.L.
A1  - Raja,J.B.
A1  - Collier,C.P.
A1  - Clark,A.F.
A1  - Waugh,J.M.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15763861 IN - Department of Medicine, Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. houldenr@post.queensu.ca AS - Med Teach. 26(7):659-61, 2004 Nov JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Biomedical Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Career Choice
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Schools,Medical
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Canada
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Perception
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Personnel
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 659
EP  - 661
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
N2  - Recent years have seen a steady decline in the number of new physician-investigators (Association of American Medical Colleges, 2000). To encourage medical students to select research careers, the Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences curriculum includes a mandatory Critical Enquiry elective in the 2nd year. An anonymous written survey was administered to medical students before and after the elective to determine their perceptions of the value of the elective and its impact on their decision to pursue a career in medical research. There was a significant increase in the number of students expressing an interest in pursuing a research career following the elective (35-42%, p = 0.029). Students recognized other benefits including the development of critical appraisal, information literacy, and critical thinking skills; and the opportunity to select an area of and form contacts for postgraduate training. Even students who choose not to pursue careers in medical research perceive benefits to a mandatory undergraduate research elective
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1109
T1  - [Training of health professors. Role of discussion in small groups for the development of critical reading aptitude]. [Spanish]
A1  - Insfran-Sanchez,M.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15587293 IN - Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente Norte, Delegacion Nuevo Leon, IMSS OT - La formacion de profesores en el area de la salud. Papel de la discusion en pequenos grupos para el desarrollo de la aptitud para la lectura critica AS - Rev Invest Clin. 56(4):466-76, 2004 Jul-Aug JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Clinical Trial PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Validation Studies LG - Spanish
KW  - *Faculty
KW  - *Group Processes
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Questionnaires
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - critical reading
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Personnel
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - participation
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - small groups
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 466
EP  - 476
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Compare the achievements of an educational strategy promoting participation of three phases (homework, discussion in small groups, plenary session) and other of two phases (homework and plenary session) for the development of critical reading of educational research reports in professors of medicine and other health care areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An instrument was validated with summaries of 5 published articles and 114 sentences that explored the 3 indicators of critical reading: to interpret, judge and propose; balanced by indicators and options with true/false/don't know answers. The consistency of the instrument was 0.90 (Kuder-Richardson). Two groups of medical and no medical personnel were formed at random. The experimental group (GE) was exposed to the strategy promoting the participation of three phases and the control group (GC) to the strategy promoting the participation of two phases. The contents and duration were equal in both groups. RESULTS: Before the educative interventions there were no significant differences between the groups. After the interventions both groups advanced significantly in the global score, the GE from 32 to 82 (p < 0.005) and the GC from 28 to 52 (p < 0.01). When comparing between themselves statistically significant differences were found on behalf of the GE (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The achievement of the educational strategy promoting the participation of three phases was superior to the strategy of two phases and this difference is due to the discussion phase in small groups
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1110
T1  - Better reporting of harms in randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement
A1  - Ioannidis,J.P.
A1  - Evans,S.J.
A1  - Gotzsche,P.C.
A1  - O'Neill,R.T.
A1  - Altman,D.G.
A1  - Schulz,K.
A1  - Moher,D.
A1  - CONSORT Group
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15545678 IN - University of Ioannina School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece AS - Ann Intern Med. 141(10):781-8, 2004 Nov 16 JC - 0372351 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *Publishing/st [Standards]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklist
KW  - consequence
KW  - data
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Greece
KW  - Hope
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Safety
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 781
EP  - 788
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 141
IS  - 10
N2  - In response to overwhelming evidence and the consequences of poor-quality reporting of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), many medical journals and editorial groups have now endorsed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement, a 22-item checklist and flow diagram. Because CONSORT primarily aimed at improving the quality of reporting of efficacy, only 1 checklist item specifically addressed the reporting of safety. Considerable evidence suggests that reporting of harms-related data from RCTs also needs improvement. Members of the CONSORT Group, including journal editors and scientists, met in Montebello, Quebec, Canada, in May 2003 to address this problem. The result is the following document: the standard CONSORT checklist with 10 new recommendations about reporting harms-related issues, accompanying explanation, and examples to highlight specific aspects of proper reporting. We hope that this document, in conjunction with other CONSORT-related materials (http://www.consort-statement.org), will help authors improve their reporting of harms-related data from RCTs. Better reporting will help readers critically appraise and interpret trial results. Journals can support this goal by revising Instructions to Authors so that they refer authors to this document
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1111
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medicine to medical students. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Ismach,R.B.
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15579428 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201-3098, USA. ismachr@ohsu.edu AS - Acad Emerg Med. 11(12):e6-10, 2004 Dec JC - ce1, 9418450 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Clerkship/mt [Methods]
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Computer-Assisted Instruction/mt [Methods]
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - Emergency Physician
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Patient-Centered Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - e6
EP  - 10
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the rubric for an approach to learning and practicing medicine that applies skills from clinical epidemiology, library science, and information management to clinical practice. Teaching EBM effectively requires a longitudinal approach throughout medical education. This presents many opportunities for academic emergency physicians, especially in the setting of an emergency medicine clerkship. EBM is best taught at the bedside, although this depends on a skilled and interested faculty. Bedside teaching of EBM also requires ready access to modern information resources. Other venues for teaching EBM include morning report, teaching conferences, and journal clubs. Many tools can be used to aid the process, including Web-based sources such as UpToDate, textbooks, and Web-based tutorials, educational prescriptions, and critically appraised topics. [References: 12]
SN  - 1069-6563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1112
T1  - Fifteen years medical information sciences: the Amsterdam curriculum
A1  - Jaspers,M.W.
A1  - Fockens,P.
A1  - Ravesloot,J.H.
A1  - Limburg,M.
A1  - bu-Hanna,A.
Y1  - 2004/06/30/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15171976 IN - Department of Medical Informatics, University of Amsterdam/Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.w.jaspers@amc.uva.nl AS - Int J Med Inf. 73(6):465-77, 2004 Jun 30 JC - ct4, 9711057 SB - IM CP - Ireland PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Medical Informatics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Achievement
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - High School
KW  - History
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - History,21st Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Integration
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Structure
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Problem-Based Learning/hi [History]
KW  - respect
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 465
EP  - 477
JF  - International Journal of Medical Informatics
VL  - 73
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To inform the medical informatics community on the rational, goals, evolution and present contents of the Medical Information Sciences program of the University of Amsterdam and our achievements. METHODS: We elaborate on the history of our program, the philosophy, contents and organizational structure of the present-day curriculum. Besides, we describe the various didactic approaches in the program and the rational for these. Finally, we analyze the contents of our program in respect to the IMIA recommendations for dedicated programs in health and medical informatics. Results and conclusions: Since its foundation in 1987, the program has undergone several major modifications. From a degree program following medical school it developed into a full-fledged, dedicated 4-year program on medical information sciences training high-school graduates for a master degree. The curriculum has been based from its outset within the University of Amsterdam-Faculty of Medicine. This organizational structure leaves ample opportunity for integration of the informatics-oriented components with the medical and health care-oriented components in the program. Student-centered approaches are heavily employed in the program, emphasizing students' critical appraisal and a style of life-long learning. Overall, our program follows the IMIA recommendations with slightly more focus on medicine and health care organization
SN  - 1386-5056
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1113
T1  - A systematic review of the content of critical appraisal tools.[see comment]. [Review] [116 refs]
A1  - Katrak,P.
A1  - Bialocerkowski,A.E.
A1  - Massy-Westropp,N.
A1  - Kumar,S.
A1  - Grimmer,K.A.
Y1  - 2004/09/16/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15369598 CM - Comment in: Evid Based Dent. 2005;6(4):100-1; PMID: 16355243 AS - BMC Med Res Methodol. 4:22, 2004 Sep 16 JC - 100968545 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Allied Health Occupations
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Consumer
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/is [Instrumentation]
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health research
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Psychometrics/is [Instrumentation]
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 22
JF  - BMC Medical Research Methodology.Vol.4, 2004.Date of Publication: 05 JUL 2004.
J1  - BMC Medical Research Methodology
VL  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Consumers of research (researchers, administrators, educators and clinicians) frequently use standard critical appraisal tools to evaluate the quality of published research reports. However, there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate critical appraisal tool for allied health research. We summarized the content, intent, construction and psychometric properties of published, currently available critical appraisal tools to identify common elements and their relevance to allied health research. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken of 121 published critical appraisal tools sourced from 108 papers located on electronic databases and the Internet. The tools were classified according to the study design for which they were intended. Their items were then classified into one of 12 criteria based on their intent. Commonly occurring items were identified. The empirical basis for construction of the tool, the method by which overall quality of the study was established, the psychometric properties of the critical appraisal tools and whether guidelines were provided for their use were also recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of critical appraisal tools were specific to a research design, with most tools having been developed for experimental studies. There was considerable variability in items contained in the critical appraisal tools. Twelve percent of available tools were developed using specified empirical research. Forty-nine percent of the critical appraisal tools summarized the quality appraisal into a numeric summary score. Few critical appraisal tools had documented evidence of validity of their items, or reliability of use. Guidelines regarding administration of the tools were provided in 43% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable variability in intent, components, construction and psychometric properties of published critical appraisal tools for research reports. There is no "gold standard' critical appraisal tool for any study design, nor is there any widely accepted generic tool that can be applied equally well across study types. No tool was specific to allied health research requirements. Thus interpretation of critical appraisal of research reports currently needs to be considered in light of the properties and intent of the critical appraisal tool chosen for the task. [References: 116]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1114
T1  - The value of systematic reviews as research activities in medical education
A1  - Lang,T.A.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15504773 IN - Tom Lang Communications and Training, PO Box 1257, Murphys, CA 95247, USA. tomlangcom@aol.com AS - Acad Med. 79(11):1067-72, 2004 Nov JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - alternatives
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - supervision
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1067
EP  - 1072
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 79
IS  - 11
N2  - Medical residents and postdoctoral fellows are often required to conduct and publish original research as part of their medical education. However, their relative lack of experience, time, money, and sometimes supervision in conducting original research often results in research of modest quality on topics of limited importance. Such research may also consume scarce resources from the sponsoring institution. Manuscripts describing such research are often unremarkable, although most are submitted for publication, where editors and peer reviewers will spend time evaluating them. Systematic reviews of the literature, however, offer similar training in the scientific method, are relatively inexpensive to conduct, teach critical appraisal of the literature, give trainees a thorough command of the topic studied, and provide even new investigators the opportunity to make important contributions to the literature. Systematic reviews of the literature should thus be acceptable alternatives to original research assignments for most trainees in medical education programs. The author reviews the characteristics of systematic reviews, outlines the steps in conducting them, identifies the lessons learned from completing each step, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of systematic reviews with those of conducting original research
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1115
T1  - Managing the new mandate in resident education: a blueprint for translating a national mandate into local compliance.[see comment]
A1  - Lee,A.G.
A1  - Carter,K.D.
Y1  - 2004/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15465540 IN - Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. andrew-lee@uiowa.edu CM - Comment in: Ophthalmology. 2005 Jul;112(7):1323; author reply 1324; PMID: 15993250 AS - Ophthalmology. 111(10):1807-12, 2004 Oct JC - 7802443 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Ophthalmology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Ophthalmology/st [Standards]
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Competency-Based Education
KW  - Consensus
KW  - content
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Observation
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Time
KW  - Translating
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1807
EP  - 1812
JF  - Ophthalmology.Vol.113(3), 2006.
J1  - Ophthalmology
VL  - 111
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has mandated that all residency programs implement an assessment process of 6 core competencies. Assessment of surgical competence is also included in the mandate. We describe our local efforts to meet this new mandate. DESIGN: Systematic literature review. METHODS: A systematic MEDLINE search (1996-2003) of the literature on residency assessment tools was performed. All relevant titles were reviewed by a content expert, abstracts were selected, and all appropriate full articles were reviewed. The Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa formalized the competency review process by forming an ad hoc departmental task force for "Meeting the Competencies" composed of clinicians, technical staff, education specialists, the program director, the director of residency curriculum, the medical student director, and residents. RESULTS: The task force reviewed the available literature, reviewed potential best practices, and reached consensus on an implementation plan. The following specific criteria for the assessment process were proposed: (1) there should be multiple assessments by multiple observers using multiple tools at multiple time points, (2) the tools should be reliable, reproducible, and valid; (3) the tools must be practical (i.e., feasible, convenient, low time commitment, easy to use, and inexpensive to implement and maintain); (4) the tools must produce qualitative and quantitative data, with direct linkage to improvement in educational outcomes in the future; (5) the assessment process must be linked to explicit and public learning objectives; and (6) the grading scale should be open and clearly defined, and the process should be judged as fair and accurate by both faculty and residents. The Meeting the Competencies task force reviewed all of the available tools from the literature and recommended a pilot implementation matrix matching specific tools to individual competencies. The 6 pilot tools include (1) written and oral examinations, (2) a 360 degrees global evaluation form (using multiple observers from different perspectives, including nurses, technicians, fellow residents, and patients, to provide a wider assessment), (3) a resident portfolio, (4) direct observation of operative performance and clinical examination, (5) a phone encounter tool, and (6) a journal club tool. CONCLUSION: We propose a potential blueprint for meeting the challenge of assessing the new ACGME competencies in ophthalmology and translating the national mandate into local compliance
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1116
T1  - Knowledge translation: the role and place of practice reflection. [Review] [25 refs]
A1  - Lockyer,J.
A1  - Gondocz,S.T.
A1  - Thivierge,R.L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15069912 IN - Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary. lockyer@ucalgary.ca AS - J Contin Educ Health Prof. 24(1):50-6, 2004 JC - jhp, 8805847 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Physician's Role
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom discussion
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - critical incident technique
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Networks
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - transform
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 56
JF  - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
N2  - Reflection is the mechanism by which we contemplate and try to understand relatively complex and sometimes troubling ideas for which there is no obvious solution. Reflection allows us to transform current ideas and experiences into new knowledge and action. Personal experiences and organizational feedback can trigger reflection, whereas a lack of time, available colleagues, and social networks detract from the ability professionals have to reflect. Educational programs can encourage reflection through the judicious use of case-based discussion, formal and informal needs assessments, and commitment to change exercises. Learning journals and personal learning projects are self-directed methods that facilitate reflection. In the workplace, critical incident techniques and debriefing of cases provide opportunities for thoughtful inquiry. Additional study is needed to understand how and why reflection works to transform surface learning into deep learning and change in practice; how reflection enhances the integration of reading, collegial interchange, and classroom discussion into practice; and how technology can enhance reflection. [References: 25]
SN  - 0894-1912
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1117
T1  - An introduction to evidence-based practice for hand therapists. [Review] [34 refs]
A1  - MacDermid,J.C.
Y1  - 2004/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15162099 IN - School of Rehabilitation Science McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. macderj@mcmaster.ca AS - J Hand Ther. 17(2):105-17, 2004 Apr-Jun JC - buz, 8806591 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Hand/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - *Musculoskeletal Diseases/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Physical Therapy Modalities/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Musculoskeletal Diseases/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 117
JF  - Journal of Hand Therapy.Vol.17(2)()(pp 267-273), 2004.
J1  - Journal of Hand Therapy
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a methodologic approach to clinical practice in which evidence is used to reach an informed decision when making a diagnosis, selecting a diagnostic test, picking an intervention, or determining a prognosis. Finding the best evidence through searching and critical appraisal of the methodologic quality of clinical evidence are essential steps. Matching clinical recommendations to the level of supporting evidence is expected. Clinicians' expertise and patient values are also valued components of decision making in an EBP approach. Hand therapists can adopt an EBP approach but must be prepared to deal with the challenge of uncertainty when evidence is lacking. [References: 34]
SN  - 0894-1130
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1118
T1  - Teaching practicing surgeons critical appraisal skills with an Internet-based journal club: A randomized, controlled trial.[see comment]
A1  - Macrae,H.M.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - McKenzie,M.
A1  - Henteleff,H.
A1  - Taylor,M.
A1  - Barkun,J.
A1  - Fitzgerald,G.W.
A1  - Hill,A.
A1  - Richard,C.
A1  - Webber,E.M.
A1  - McLeod,R.S.
Y1  - 2004/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15349113 IN - Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada CM - Comment in: Surgery. 2004 Sep;136(3):647-9; PMID: 15349114 AS - Surgery. 136(3):641-6, 2004 Sep JC - vc3, 0417347 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Journalism,Medical
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgery/st [Standards]
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 641
EP  - 646
JF  - Surgery.Vol.24(8)()(pp 263-267), 2006.Date of Publication: 01 AUG 2006.
J1  - Surgery
VL  - 136
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of interventions for developing critical appraisal skills in practicing physicians has not been studied, despite the documented importance of reading the literature in caring for patients and in continuing professional development. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether an Internet-based intervention would lead to enhanced critical appraisal skills in practicing surgeons. METHODS: General surgeons who agreed to participate were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention was a curriculum in critical appraisal skills that included a clinical and methodologic article, a listserve discussion, and clinical and methodologic critiques. The control group received only the clinical articles. The primary outcome measure was a previously validated 2-hour test of critical appraisal. RESULTS: Of the 55 surgeons who completed the examination, subjects in the intervention group performed better on the test of critical appraisal skills than those in the control group (mean score: intervention group, 58% +/- 8 vs control group, 50% +/- 8), with a large effect size of 1.06 standard deviation units (t+3.92, P <.0001). Training conditions accounted for 22% of the variance in total scores. CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted, Internet-based intervention resulted in improved critical appraisal skills of practicing general surgeons
SN  - 0039-6060
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1119
T1  - Assessment of critical appraisal skills
A1  - Macrae,H.M.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - Brenneman,F.
A1  - McKenzie,M.
A1  - McLeod,R.S.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14706601 IN - Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 451 Mt. Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5. hmacrae@mtsinai.on.ca AS - Am J Surg. 187(1):120-3, 2004 Jan JC - 3z4, 0370473 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Construct Validity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 120
EP  - 123
JF  - American Journal of Surgery
VL  - 187
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Studies have provided little evidence that critical appraisal skills improve with focused courses. However, outcome measures in these studies have been questionable. The goal of this study was to develop a feasible, reliable, and valid assessment of critical appraisal skills. METHODS: Forty-four surgery residents read three articles and then responded to short answer questions and provided 7-point ratings regarding various methodological aspects of each article. Reliability and validity of the examination were assessed. RESULTS: The mean score was 52.4% (SD 8.6%). Internal consistency of the 55-question examination was 0.77. Interrater reliability of clinician markers was 0.91. Mean score for residents with more intensive critical appraisal training was significantly higher than for those with little or no training (56.6% versus 49.3%, t(35) = 2.31, P = 0.02), suggesting construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: This examination has promising psychometric properties, and may be useful in evaluating critical appraisal curricula
SN  - 0002-9610
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1120
T1  - Challenges for evidence-based physical therapy: accessing and interpreting high-quality evidence on therapy. [Review] [51 refs]
A1  - Maher,C.G.
A1  - Sherrington,C.
A1  - Elkins,M.
A1  - Herbert,R.D.
A1  - Moseley,A.M.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15225083 IN - School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, New South Wales 1825, Australia. C.Maher@fhs.usyd.edu.au AS - Phys Ther. 84(7):644-54, 2004 Jul JC - 0022623, p6w SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Systems
KW  - *Physical Therapy Modalities
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Awareness
KW  - challenge
KW  - Consumer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solutions
KW  - strategies
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 644
EP  - 654
JF  - Physical Therapy
VL  - 84
IS  - 7
N2  - Although there is a growing awareness of evidence-based practice among physical therapists, implementation of evidence-based practice has proved difficult. This article discusses barriers to access and interpretation of evidence. Some solutions are offered, including facilitating the publication of all research, use of an optimum format for reporting research, maximizing the efficient use of electronic databases, improving physical therapists' skills in critical appraisal of published research, and fostering consumer access to evidence. These strategies and others discussed in the article might facilitate implementation of evidence-based physical therapy. [References: 51]
SN  - 0031-9023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1121
T1  - Evidence-based and population-based medicine: national implementation under the UME-21 project
A1  - Mahoney,J.F.
A1  - Cox,M.
A1  - Gwyther,R.E.
A1  - O'Dell,D.V.
A1  - Paulman,P.M.
A1  - Kowlowitz,V.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14961400 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. mahoney@medschool.pitt.edu AS - Fam Med. 36 Suppl:S31-5, 2004 Jan JC - fal, 8306464 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Community Health Planning/td [Trends]
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/td [Trends]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Health Plan Implementation/td [Trends]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communication
KW  - content
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/td [Trends]
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand/td [Trends]
KW  - Humans
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - Managed Care Programs/td [Trends]
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - schools
KW  - Schools,Medical/td [Trends]
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 5
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 36
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Undergraduate Medical Education for the 21st Century (UME-21) project developed and implemented innovations to medical school curricula at medical schools across the country. This report describes the development and implementation of innovative approaches to improving instruction in evidence-based medicine with a population-based perspective. METHODS: Each school participating in the UME-21 project designed, implemented, and evaluated its own unique curriculum initiatives. We examined these initiatives using data abstracted from written reports submitted to the project Executive Committee. Additional data were obtained by personal communication with project directors and evaluators at the various schools, student and preceptor comments, internal program evaluation at each school, and external evaluation by the UME-21 project leadership. The Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire was also used. RESULTS: Fourteen of 18 participating schools implemented a broad range of curricula to facilitate teaching and learning about evidence-based and population-based medicine. Common themes included the application of evidence to patient care, use of clinical practice guidelines and pathways, and the general incorporation of evidence-based techniques (literature searching, critical appraisal, etc) into the teaching of other content, such as clinical science and managed care. Teaching approaches included Web-based and other computer-based education, an emphasis on active and self-directed learning, use of small groups and workshops, and distribution of this content over multiple years. As an alternative to full-length evidence-based medicine courses, many schools incorporated an evidence-based approach into existing courses and clerkships. Data demonstrated an upward trend in student satisfaction with how topics were presented at UME-21 schools. CONCLUSIONS: These innovations successfully demonstrated that evidence-based and population-based medicine content can be introduced into medical school curricula. Introducing these constructs in ways that demonstrate their relevance to patient care facilitates student learning
SN  - 0742-3225
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1122
T1  - Complexity theory: a long-term care specialty practice exemplar for the education of advanced practice nurses
A1  - McConnell,E.S.
A1  - Lekan-Rutledge,D.
A1  - Nevidjon,B.
A1  - Anderson,R.
Y1  - 2004/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14974517 IN - Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NC, USA. mccon002@mc.duke.edu AS - J Nurs Educ. 43(2):84-7, 2004 Feb JC - jen, 7705432 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - P20-NR07795-03 (NINR) LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Geriatric Nursing
KW  - *Long-Term Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nurse Practitioners
KW  - *Nursing Faculty Practice/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Advanced Practice Nurses
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Frail Elderly
KW  - Geriatric Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Geriatric Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incontinence
KW  - journal
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Long-Term Care
KW  - Management
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Practitioners/ed [Education]
KW  - Nurse Practitioners/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Home
KW  - Nursing Skills
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - research-based practice
KW  - Resident
KW  - Retention
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Technique
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United States
KW  - Urinary Incontinence/nu [Nursing]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 84
EP  - 87
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
N2  - This clinical exemplar highlights how an academic clinical practice supported gerontological nursing students as they learned evidence-based approaches to managing complex geriatric syndromes in long-term care. Urinary incontinence (UI), which occurs in more than two thirds of nursing home residents, was the focus of the faculty practice. Advanced practice nursing skills developed by students included advanced physical assessment and diagnostic reasoning techniques, critical appraisal of the scientific evidence for UI management, and the ability to teach evidence-based approaches to UI care to bedside nursing staff. Outcomes of the practice for the facilities included improved detection of urinary retention, reduced wetness rates, and strengthened systems of care for UI. Student outcomes included an increased sense of self-efficacy in management of UI and other complex geriatric problems. Complexity theory guides a discussion of how curriculum design and research-based practices can be implemented to enhance both student and facility outcomes
SN  - 0148-4834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1123
T1  - Evidence-based medicine journal club
A1  - Milbrandt,E.B.
A1  - Vincent,J.L.
Y1  - 2004/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15566599 AS - Crit Care. 8(6):401-2, 2004 Dec JC - 9801902 SB - IM CP - England PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Interdisciplinary Communication
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 401
EP  - 402
JF  - Critical care (London, England)
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1124
T1  - [Evidence based clinical practice. Part III -- Critical appraisal of clinical research]. [Portuguese]
A1  - Nobre,M.R.
A1  - Bernardo,W.M.
A1  - Jatene,F.B.
Y1  - 2004/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15286874 OT - A pratica clinica baseada em evidencias: Parte III Avaliacao critica das informacoes de pesquisas clinicas AS - Rev Assoc Med Bras. 50(2):221-8, 2004 Apr-Jun JC - 9308586, br5 SB - IM CP - Brazil PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Biomedical Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Animals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Causality
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Undergraduate Education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 221
EP  - 228
JF  - Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence based health care begins with a clinical question and the search on data bases to retrieve the relevant information, that was the issue of two preceding articles of this series. At present it will be discussed how to critically appraise the medical literature using the clinical epidemiological methodology. Clinical research aims to develop diagnostic and therapeutic procedures measuring association and causality between the exposure and outcome. In this case the exposures are signs, symptoms, laboratorial or image exam, and therapy intervention. It is a mistake to take surrogate end-points instead of clinical outcomes. The main types of clinical study design are diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and harm/etiology. Experimental, physiologic and animal studies are useful for the medical undergraduate education, but do not contribute with clinical decisions. The study designs are classified according with the presence of a control group, patient's follow-up, and therapy interventions. The evidence hierarchy was done by the previous characteristics and the presence of systematic bias. Systematic reviews are stronger than the primary observational studies and are on the top when they revised randomized clinical trial. Since 1998 the proportion of evidence based practice guidelines was increasing compared with systematic reviews or other types of practice guidelines, although the former still are in a few numbers. The article critical appraisal must answer the clinical question, and need to have consistent study design and bias under control. In conclusion we ought to offer methodological actualization to interested physicians and put the information already critically assessed on evidence-based practice guidelines
SN  - 0104-4230
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1125
T1  - Hospital doctors' self-rated skills in and use of evidence-based medicine - a questionnaire survey
A1  - Oliveri,R.S.
A1  - Gluud,C.
A1  - Wille-Jorgensen,P.A.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15189388 IN - Department of Surgical Gastroenterology K, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. oliveri@rh.dk AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 10(2):219-26, 2004 May JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Medical Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Self Assessment (Psychology)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Denmark
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - PubMed
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 219
EP  - 226
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
N2  - RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Problems in understanding basic aspects of evidence-based medicine (EBM) may form barriers to its implementation into clinical practice. We examined hospital doctors' skills in EBM terms and related these skills to their use of information sources, critical appraisal, and implementation of EBM into clinical practice. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all hospital doctors (n = 376) at a university hospital in Denmark, including 12 questions on methodological terms frequently used in evidence-based literature plus one non-existing dummy term. Furthermore, participants were asked about their use of various information sources, self-rated skills of critical appraisal of standard scientific literature, and level of implementation of evidence-based principles in daily clinical settings. Based on the answers to the 12 evidence-based methodological terms, we calculated a familiarity score. RESULTS: Proportion of responding was 60% (n = 225), but representative for all hospital doctors regarding background data. Ten doctors (4.4%) could define and explain all 12 methodological terms. The majority of all doctors showed interest in knowing more about the terms. Fifty-six per cent knew the dummy term. Doctors mainly consulted traditional and possibly insufficient sources (textbooks, colleagues, scientific journals) when searching for clinical evidence. The Cochrane Library was the least consulted information source and had never been consulted by 49%. Only 18% always practised EBM. More reliance on PubMed and The Cochrane Library as information sources, more competence of critical appraisal, and more frequent practise of EBM were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with a higher familiarity score. Compared to seldom or never users of The Cochrane Library, frequent users had significantly higher academic degree (P = 0.01), familiarity score (P < 0.001), and use of PubMed (P = 0.0004). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Most hospital doctors seem to lack knowledge of key methodological evidence-based medicine terms. This may form a barrier when consulting EBM sources and to the implementation of EBM into clinical practice
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1126
T1  - Evidence-based guidelines in laboratory medicine: principles and methods. [Review] [51 refs]
A1  - Oosterhuis,W.P.
A1  - Bruns,D.E.
A1  - Watine,J.
A1  - Sandberg,S.
A1  - Horvath,A.R.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15105349 IN - Department of Clinical Chemistry, St. Elisabeth Hospital, PO Box 90151, 5000 LC Tilburg, The Netherlands. w.oosterhuis@elisabeth.nl AS - Clin Chem. 50(5):806-18, 2004 May JC - dbz, 9421549 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Techniques and Procedures/st [Standards]
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 806
EP  - 818
JF  - Clinical Chemistry
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Guidelines are commonly used tools for supporting medical decisions. Formulating evidence-based recommendations has become a leading principle in guideline development. AIM: This narrative review integrates the most recent methods of evidence-based guideline development and adapts those to the field of laboratory medicine. SUMMARY: We present a 10-step process and a list of criteria for the development of laboratory guidelines. Laboratory guidelines should be outcome oriented, be developed by a multidisciplinary team, and begin with a clear statement of the clinical question(s) that the use of the test(s) is addressing. The clinical questions define the type of study designs that offer the best evidence to answer those questions. Guidelines should be based on the critical appraisal and systematic review of literature and explicitly state the strength of evidence supporting each recommendation. Pragmatic considerations dictate that priority is given to topics with the highest clinical or economic impact. Scientific evidence is necessary but insufficient for recommendations, as considered judgment is required about benefits, harms, costs, and local applicability of recommendations. Formal consensus methods are needed when the evidence base is lacking or controversial. Guidelines should be disseminated widely and their impact monitored regularly. Regular reviewing is needed because the lack of timely updates is a major cause of nonadherence to guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines should be developed in a transparent process by a multidisciplinary team, with graded recommendations based on critically appraised scientific studies. Systematic, standardized, and explicit methodology, adapted to laboratory medicine, should be followed when developing recommendations involving the use of laboratory tests. [References: 51]
SN  - 0009-9147
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1127
T1  - Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: an illustrated, step-by-step guide
A1  - Pai,M.
A1  - McCulloch,M.
A1  - Gorman,J.D.
A1  - Pai,N.
A1  - Enanoria,W.
A1  - Kennedy,G.
A1  - Tharyan,P.
A1  - Colford,J.M.,Jr.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15141602 IN - Berkeley Systematic Reviews Group, Division of Epidemiology, University of California at Berkeley, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. madhupai@berkeley.edu AS - Natl Med J India. 17(2):86-95, 2004 Mar-Apr JC - bnt, 8809315 SB - IM CP - India PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - 1-D43-TW00003-15 (FIC) LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliometrics
KW  - California
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hope
KW  - Humans
KW  - India
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/st [Standards]
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medicine
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - texts
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 86
EP  - 95
JF  - National Medical Journal of India
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
N2  - Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesize data from existing primary research, and well-conducted reviews offer clinicians a practical solution to the problem of staying current in their fields of interest. A whole generation of secondary journals, pre-appraised evidence libraries and periodically updated electronic texts are now available to clinicians. However, not all systematic reviews are of high quality, and it is important to be able to critically assess their validity and applicability. This article is an illustrated guide for conducting systematic reviews. A clear understanding of the process will provide clinicians with the tools to judiciously appraise reviews and interpret them. We hope that it will enable clinicians to conduct systematic reviews, generate high-quality evidence, and contribute to the evidence-based medicine movement
SN  - 0970-258X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1128
T1  - Appraisal standards in occupational medicine
A1  - Palmer,K.T.
A1  - McElearney,N.
A1  - Harrington,M.
A1  - Education Panel of the Society of Occupational Medicine
A1  - Revalidation Commitee of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine
Y1  - 2004/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15190157 IN - Faculty of Occupational Medicine, London, UK. ktp@mrc.soton.ac.uk AS - Occup Med (Oxf). 54(4):218-26, 2004 Jun JC - a79, 9205857 SB - IM CP - England PT - Guideline PT - Journal Article PT - Practice Guideline LG - English
KW  - *Employee Performance Appraisal/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Occupational Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - content
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Occupational Medicine/ma [Manpower]
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 218
EP  - 226
JF  - Occupational Medicine (Oxford)
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
N2  - Following a series of serious misdemeanours by British doctors, the General Medical Council (GMC) has introduced a system of re-licensing called 'revalidation'. Annual medical appraisal forms an important cornerstone of the proposed system, but specific guidance is lacking on the content of appraisal for occupational physicians, and the kinds of evidence that they might bring to critical reviews of performance. Two educational bodies, the Revalidation Committee of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and the Education Panel of the Society of Occupational Medicine, have jointly developed a set of recommendations on appraisal to further the process. In this paper we summarize the background and present the guidelines promulgated by the Faculty and the Society
SN  - 0962-7480
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1129
T1  - [A critical appraisal of clinical reports in medical journals]. [Spanish]
A1  - Pantoja,T.
A1  - Letelier,L.M.
A1  - Neumann,I.
Y1  - 2004/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15382526 IN - Departamento de Medicina Familiar, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. umbeuc@med.puc.cl OT - El analisis critico de la informacion publicada en la literatura medica AS - Rev Med Chil. 132(4):513-5, 2004 Apr JC - shd, 0404312 SB - IM CP - Chile PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Bibliometrics
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Publishing
KW  - *Reproducibility of Results
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Chile
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Spanish
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 513
EP  - 515
JF  - Revista Medica de Chile
VL  - 132
IS  - 4
SN  - 0034-9887
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1130
T1  - [The role for new evidence-based methods in patient care]. [Review] [13 refs] [French]
A1  - Paolaggi,J.B.
A1  - groupe de travail de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15656240 IN - l'Academie nationale de medecine. 16, rue Bonaparte - 75272 Paris Cedex 06 OT - La place des nouvelles methodes basees sur l'apport de "preuves" dans la prise en charge des patients AS - Bull Acad Natl Med. 188(5):803-11, 2004 JC - b8g, 7503383 SB - IM CP - Netherlands PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - French
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Patient Care/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Environmental Factor
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Fear
KW  - form
KW  - France
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intuition
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - mind
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Stress
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 803
EP  - 811
JF  - Bulletin de l Academie Nationale de Medecine
VL  - 188
IS  - 5
N2  - Are we going to change the way we practice medicine? There are two kinds of medical knowledge: one is impersonal and results from research based on scientific methodology and scientific reasoning; the other is personal and results from learning and apprenticeship with seniors and from individual experience. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a new approach to teaching the practice of medicine. Instead of using personal knowledge, intuition, unsystematic clinical experience, and pathophysiological reasoning, it stresses evidence from clinical research. With this new paradigm in mind, clinicians should regularly consult the original literature, critically appraise the methods and the results, and then apply to the patient the optimal knowledge they have at their disposal. This new approach to medicine is gaining worldwide adoption, even if it more or less strictly interpreted. In France, even the translation of the English word "evidence " is controversial. There are two different translations for EBM. The most common is "Medecine fondee sur les preuves", and the other is "Medecine factuelle". The French word "Preuves" is the literal translation of "evidence" Some people argue against this term because its meaning is ambiguous for two reasons: --it does not express the full meaning of the English word "evidence", --there is a fear that the epistemological significance of "preuves" could be misinterpreted, giving birth to legal quibbles. Some people prefer the term "meilleures donnees acquises de la science". Other problems are linguistic and organizational. How can a busy French-speaking practitioner locate, retrieve and critically appraisal original articles, most of which are in English, unless he/she has a library containing the combined international medical literature? French meta-analyses, systematic reviews and books dedicated to evidence-based subjects are alternative options. Even when these practical problems can be solved, the proper place of research-based evidence must be clarified. When evidence is lacking, practitioners have to rely on other forms of medical reasoning for their decisions. Moreover, decision-making is not automatic: in addition to taking scientific knowledge into consideration, each medical decision is the result of a series of judgments based on human and environmental factors. [References: 13]
SN  - 0001-4079
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1131
T1  - Delegation decision-making by registered nurses who provide direct care for patients with spinal cord impairment
A1  - Parsons,L.C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15176346 IN - School of Nursing, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA AS - SCI Nurs. 21(1):20-8, 2004 JC - ufy, 8503185 SB - N CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Leadership
KW  - *Nursing Assessment
KW  - *Spinal Cord Injuries/nu [Nursing]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Nursing
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Job Satisfaction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Long-Term Care
KW  - Longevity
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - Market
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - Nursing Homes
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 28
JF  - SCI Nursing.2004 Spring; 21(1): 29-30.
J1  - SCI Nursing
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
N2  - Delegation and coordination of patient care are critical skills for registered nurses (RN). Most educational programs and clinical experiences in nursing school have not prepared nurses to function in a delegation decision-making capacity. Nurses caring for individuals with spinal cord impairment (SCI) are especially challenged to provide partial or total assistance to meet the requisite care needs of this patient population. Hospital length of stay has decreased for individuals with SCI. RNs employed in long-term care (LTC) facilities have found admissions of patients with SCI occur more frequently with the onset of managed care and the increased longevity of Americans. Capitated markets within managed care require a nursing care delivery model that safely and judiciously uses nursing personnel to their fullest potential. Conger's (1993) Delegation Decision-Making Model (DDMM) utilizes all levels of personnel to their maximum potential while staying within the confines of individuals state nurse practice acts. The ability of RNs to direct the health care team is crucial to affect positive patient outcomes. The purpose of this descriptive comparative study was to ascertain baseline information on nurse delegation decision-making knowledge, job satisfaction, and level of comfort with this skill for RNs practicing in hospital and LTC settings. After reading a case study on a patient with SCI, RNs in the hospital and LTC facilities used Conger's (1993) DDMM. Scores for delegation decision-making were determined using the Nursing Assessment Decision Grid. Delegation knowledge scores were the same for RNs practicing in the hospital and LTC settings. Of interest was that RNs practicing in LTC settings cited learning delegation skills "on the job" 50% of the time compared to hospital nurses who reported learning these skills on the job 19% of the time. Additional research in the area of nurse delegation with this patient population needs to be investigated to support the findings of this study
SN  - 0888-8299
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1132
T1  - Review of guidelines for good practice in decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment. [Review] [62 refs]
A1  - Philips,Z.
A1  - Ginnelly,L.
A1  - Sculpher,M.
A1  - Claxton,K.
A1  - Golder,S.
A1  - Riemsma,R.
A1  - Woolacoot,N.
A1  - Glanville,J.
Y1  - 2004/01/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15361314 IN - Centre for Health Economics, University of York, UK AS - Health Technol Assess. 8(36):iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-158, 2004 Sep JC - cao, 9706284 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Benchmarking/st [Standards]
KW  - *Decision Support Techniques
KW  - *Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - *Technology Assessment,Biomedical/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Benchmarking/mt [Methods]
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - economics
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Feedback
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Economics
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Parameter
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Role
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - Technology Assessment,Biomedical/mt [Methods]
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - iii
EP  - iiv
JF  - Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England).Vol.10(16)()(pp iii-50), 2006.
J1  - Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)
VL  - 8
IS  - 36
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To identify existing guidelines and develop a synthesised guideline plus accompanying checklist. In addition to provide guidance on key theoretical, methodological and practical issues and consider the implications of this research for what might be expected of future decision-analytic models. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review of existing good practice guidelines was undertaken to identify and summarise guidelines currently available for assessing the quality of decision-analytic models that have been undertaken for health technology assessment. A synthesised good practice guidance and accompanying checklist was developed. Two specific methods areas in decision modelling were considered. The first method's topic is the identification of parameter estimates from published literature. Parameter searches were developed and piloted using a case-study model. The second topic relates to bias in parameter estimates; that is, how to adjust estimates of treatment effect from observational studies where there are risks of selection bias. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify those studies looking at quantification of bias in parameter estimates and the implication of this bias. RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed and consolidated into a single set of brief statements of good practice. From this, a checklist was developed and applied to three independent decision-analytic models. Although the checklist provided excellent guidance on some key issues for model evaluation, it was too general to pick up on the specific nuances of each model. The searches that were developed helped to identify important data for inclusion in the model. However, the quality of life searches proved to be problematic: the published search filters did not focus on those measures specific to cost-effectiveness analysis and although the strategies developed as part of this project were more successful few data were found. Of the 11 studies meeting the criteria on the effect of selection bias, five concluded that a non-randomised trial design is associated with bias and six studies found 'similar' estimates of treatment effects from observational studies or non-randomised clinical trials and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). One purpose of developing the synthesised guideline and checklist was to provide a framework for critical appraisal by the various parties involved in the health technology assessment process. First, the guideline and checklist can be used by groups that are reviewing other analysts' models and, secondly, the guideline and checklist could be used by the various analysts as they develop their models (to use it as a check on how they are developing and reporting their analyses). The Expert Advisory Group (EAG) that was convened to discuss the potential role of the guidance and checklist felt that, in general, the guidance and checklist would be a useful tool, although the checklist is not meant to be used exclusively to determine a model's quality, and so should not be used as a substitute for critical appraisal. CONCLUSIONS: The review of current guidelines showed that although authors may provide a consistent message regarding some aspects of modelling, in other areas conflicting attributes are presented in different guidelines. In general, the checklist appears to perform well, in terms of identifying those aspects of the model that should be of particular concern to the reader. The checklist cannot, however, provide answers to the appropriateness of the model structure and structural assumptions, as these may be seen as a general problem with generic checklists and do not reflect any shortcoming with the synthesised guidance and checklist developed here. The assessment of the checklist, as well as feedback from the EAG, indicated the importance of its use in conjunction with a more general checklist or guidelines on economic evaluation. Further methods research into the following areas would be valuable: the quantification of selection bias in non-controlled studies and in controlled observational studies; the level of bias in the different non-RCT study designs; a comparison of results from RCTs with those from other non-randomised studies; assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of alternative ways to adjust for bias in a decision model; and how to prioritise searching for parameter estimates. [References: 62]
SN  - 1366-5278
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1133
T1  - What makes evidence-based journal clubs succeed?
A1  - Phillips,R.S.
A1  - Glasziou,P.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15122845 IN - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, England, UK AS - ACP J Club. 140(3):A11-2, 2004 May-Jun JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A11
EP  - A12
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 140
IS  - 3
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1134
T1  - Best paediatric evidence; is it accessible and used on-call?[see comment]
A1  - Riordan,F.A.
A1  - Boyle,E.M.
A1  - Phillips,B.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15102644 IN - Dept of Child Health, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK. Andrew.Riordan@heartsol.wmids.nhs.uk CM - Comment in: Arch Dis Child. 2004 May;89(5):399-400; PMID: 15102622 AS - Arch Dis Child. 89(5):469-71, 2004 May JC - 6xg, 0372434 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Medical Informatics/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Periodicals/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Archives
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - Emergency Medical Services
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Periodicals/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - strategies
KW  - Telephone
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 469
EP  - 471
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 89
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Paediatricians wanting to use evidence based medicine (EBM) strategies, need to be able to track down and critically appraise evidence. This requires access to quality filtered resources (for example, Cochrane Library), bibliographic databases (for example, Medline), and paediatric journals. AIMS: To determine whether paediatricians have access to these resources when on-call and if they use them to answer clinical questions. METHOD: A telephone survey of paediatric and neonatal units was performed during November 2001. The "paediatrician-on-call" was asked whether they could access Medline, Cochrane, and paediatric journals, and if they used these when on-call. RESULTS: Paediatric trainees were available in 87 of the 97 units contacted. All except one had access to Medline; although only 56 (64%) could do this near their ward. Eighty had access to Cochrane. Thirteen (15%) could not gain access to their library out-of-hours. All except one department had local guidelines, with 71% having >15 guidelines. Access to any of the top seven "best evidence" paediatric journals varied from 64% to 100%. Only 26% of trainees had read the evidence based section of Archives of Disease of Childhood, Archimedes. Many trainees claimed to use guidelines when on-call (61; 70%), but few used Medline (14; 16%). CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric trainees mostly have access to facilities to help them to track down and critically appraise evidence. However, few of them have used it to help make clinical decisions when on-call. Many of the doctors contacted said they used local guidelines as their source of information on-call
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1135
T1  - Evidence-based medicine teaching in the Mexican Army Medical School
A1  - Sanchez-Mendiola,M.
Y1  - 2004/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15763862 IN - Department of Pediatrics, Central Military Hospital and Mexican Army Medical Schoo, Mexico. melchor_sanchez@terra.com.mx AS - Med Teach. 26(7):661-3, 2004 Nov JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Competency-Based Education
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Military Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Schools,Medical
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 661
EP  - 663
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
N2  - Training of medical students must include the skills necessary to use advances in scientific research. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been incorporated in undergraduate programs in several countries, a process that has not been well studied in developing countries' medical schools. An EBM course was incorporated into the curriculum of the Mexican Army Medical School. In the first year of its implementation it was given to half the fifth- and sixth-year groups. At the end of the semester, a previously validated questionnaire designed to evaluate the effectiveness of EBM teaching was administered. In total, 67 students took the course and 64 did not. A significant increase in the self-assessment of critical appraisal skills and the self-reported use of the Cochrane Library were found. There was a significant increase in the attitudes score, 22.9 +/- 5.9 (mean +/- SD) in the non-EBM group vs. 28.8 +/- 3.2 in the EBM group (p < 0.001), and a trend towards higher scores in the knowledge domain, 1.89 +/- 3.3 in the non-EBM group vs. 2.56 +/- 3.6 in the EBM group (p > 0.05). EBM concepts can be taught in a developing country medical school, with a short-term gain in attitude and probably in knowledge
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1136
T1  - Paper 1: the critical appraisal questions
A1  - Sandars,J.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14997742 IN - School of Primary Care and Evidence for Population Health Unit, University of Manchester AS - Practitioner. 248(1654):55-7, 2004 Jan JC - phq, 0404245 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Paper
KW  - Population
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - School
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 57
JF  - Practitioner
VL  - 248
IS  - 1654
SN  - 0032-6518
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1137
T1  - Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial.[see comment]
A1  - Schroter,S.
A1  - Black,N.
A1  - Evans,S.
A1  - Carpenter,J.
A1  - Godlee,F.
A1  - Smith,R.
Y1  - 2004/03/20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14996698 IN - BMJ Editorial Office, BMA House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR. sschroter@bmj.com CM - Comment in: BMJ. 2004 Mar 20;328(7441):657-8; PMID: 15031216 AS - BMJ. 328(7441):673, 2004 Mar 20 JC - 8900488, bmj, 101090866 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Professional
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Needs
KW  - Observer Variation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Performance
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - self
KW  - Single-Blind Method
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 673
JF  - BMJ
VL  - 328
IS  - 7441
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of training on the quality of peer review. DESIGN: Single blind randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups receiving different types of training plus a control group. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Reviewers at a general medical journal. Interventions Attendance at a training workshop or reception of a self taught training package focusing on what editors want from reviewers and how to critically appraise randomised controlled trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of reviews of three manuscripts sent to reviewers at four to six monthly intervals, evaluated using the validated review quality instrument; number of deliberate major errors identified; time taken to review the manuscripts; proportion recommending rejection of the manuscripts. RESULTS: Reviewers in the self taught group scored higher in review quality after training than did the control group (score 2.85 v 2.56; difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.44; P = 0.001), but the difference was not of editorial significance and was not maintained in the long term. Both intervention groups identified significantly more major errors after training than did the control group (3.14 and 2.96 v 2.13; P < 0.001), and this remained significant after the reviewers' performance at baseline assessment was taken into account. The evidence for benefit of training was no longer apparent on further testing six months after the interventions. Training had no impact on the time taken to review the papers but was associated with an increased likelihood of recommending rejection (92% and 84% v 76%; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Short training packages have only a slight impact on the quality of peer review. The value of longer interventions needs to be assessed
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1138
T1  - Evidence-based postoperative pain management in nursing: is a randomized-controlled trial the most appropriate design?
A1  - Seers,K.
A1  - Crichton,N.
A1  - Carroll,D.
A1  - Richards,S.
A1  - Saunders,T.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15089956 IN - Royal College of Nursing Institute, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK. kate.seers@rcn.org.uk AS - J Nurs Manag. 12(3):183-93, 2004 May JC - bzy, 9306050 SB - N CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nursing Evaluation Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Pain,Postoperative/nu [Nursing]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Trees
KW  - Drug Use
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Facilitation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Audit
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Measurement
KW  - Pain,Postoperative/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perioperative Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - Postoperative Care/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Postoperative Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Postoperative Pain
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 183
EP  - 193
JF  - Journal of Nursing Management
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - There is an increasing drive to make nursing care evidence-based. High quality evidence from systematic reviews relevant to postoperative pain relief exists, yet pain after surgery remains poorly controlled for many patients. This study aimed to assess whether implementing evidence-based pain management improved postoperative pain outcomes. Pain on a 0-10 scale was the primary outcome and analgesic consumption a secondary outcome. A baseline audit was undertaken on four surgical wards to establish whether there was a need for the study. A randomized-controlled trial was then designed to assess the effects of implementing an evidence-based approach to postoperative pain management. The four wards were randomized to receive the intervention or act as a control. Outcomes were assessed 3 months after the intervention on both intervention and control wards. The intervention (implementation of an oral analgesic algorithm derived from systematic reviews) was then implemented on the control wards and outcomes reassessed after 3 months on the control wards. The intervention was designed using an evidence-based approach to effective implementation. Four interactive sessions covered: (1) detailed feedback of baseline data and discussion (utilizing audit and feedback), (2) why systematic reviews, analgesic league tables and choice of drugs to develop an analgesic algorithm (see Figure 1), (3) principles of evidence based health care (EBHC), including critical appraisal and (4) facilitation and change workshop. The findings revealed no significant differences in pain level or drug use between the intervention and control wards. However, the control wards also changed during the control period. Possible explanations for this are discussed. When looking at changes compared with baseline, both intervention and control wards increased their use of algorithm drugs and reduced use of non-algorithm drugs during the study. No effects were found on pain in the intervention wards. Pain ratings at rest since surgery, on movement since surgery and worst pain on movement were significantly reduced compared with baseline in the control wards. Although there are many pressures to utilize a randomized-controlled trial study design in the culture of evidence-based health care, there will be times, especially when implementing complex changes in practice that other types of design should be considered
SN  - 0966-0429
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1139
T1  - Teaching empathy to first year medical students: evaluation of an elective literature and medicine course
A1  - Shapiro,J.
A1  - Morrison,E.
A1  - Boker,J.
Y1  - 2004/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15203476 IN - Department of Family Medicine, University of California Irvine College of Medicine, USA. jfshapir@uci.edu AS - EDUC HEALTH. 17(1):73-84, 2004 Mar JC - 9607101 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - HP 000224-02 (PHS) LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Empathy
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - California
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - Empathy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Note
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Poetry
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistics,Nonparametric
KW  - Stress
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
EP  - 84
JF  - Education for Health.1997 Nov; 10(3): 371-7.(9 ref)
J1  - Education for Health
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Empathy is critical to the development of professionalism in medical students, and the humanities-particularly literature-have been touted as an effective tool for increasing student empathy. This quantitative/qualitative study was undertaken to assess whether reading and discussing poetry and prose related to patients and doctors could significantly increase medical student empathy and appreciation of the relevance of the humanities for their own professional development. Method: In 2000-2001, first year students (n=22) volunteered for an eight-session literature and medicine elective and were randomly assigned to either immediate participation in the class or a wait-list group, who participated in the same class 6 months later. Complete pre- and post-intervention data for 16 students from both groups were obtained for two quantitative measures of empathy and an attitudes-toward-the-humanities scale. Students also participated in a qualitative group interview pre- and post-intervention. Results: Empathy and attitudes toward the humanities improved significantly (p<0.01) after participation in the class when both groups of students were combined. The scaled treatment effect size was in the moderate range (> or =0.60 standard deviation units) for both measures that had statistically significant pre-to-post changes. Furthermore, student understanding of the patient's perspective became more detailed and complex after the intervention. Students were also more likely post-intervention to note ways reading literature could help them cope with training-related stress. Conclusion: A brief literature-based course can contribute to greater student empathy and appreciation for the value of humanities in medical education
SN  - 1357-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1140
T1  - Do physiotherapists' attitudes towards evidence-based practice change as a result of an evidence-based educational programme?
A1  - Stevenson,K.
A1  - Lewis,M.
A1  - Hay,E.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15189387 IN - University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke on Trent, UK. kay.stevenson@uhns.nhs.uk AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 10(2):207-17, 2004 May JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Physical Therapy (Specialty)/ma [Manpower]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inservice Training
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knee
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Management
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 207
EP  - 217
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
N2  - RATIONALE: The concept of evidence-based practice (EBP) encourages health care professionals to provide the most effective health care, and to be accountable for the interventions they provide. Little work has been undertaken to examine how practically allied health professionals' encompass EBP and how they perceptive and understand the concept of EBP. The use of opinion leaders to disseminate new evidence into practice, and thereby encourage the behaviour of health care professionals has been proposed. AIMS: The aims of this study were to investigate physiotherapists' attitudes towards EBP and to examine change in their attitudes following an education package, which utilized local opinion leaders. METHOD: Thirty musculoskeletal physiotherapists from a Community Trust in North Staffordshire were cluster randomized by location of work to two groups. The intervention group received an evidence-based programme on aspects of EBP including literature searching and critical appraisal. The attention control group received a standard in-service training package on the management of common knee pathologies. The physiotherapists' attitudes towards EBP were measured at baseline (before randomization) and at 3 and 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: Physiotherapists reported that they primarily relied on 'courses' and 'in-service training' for informing their clinical practice. Most agreed that clinical practice should be based on the best available evidence and that they would change their clinical practice if evidence suggested they should do so. However, many of the physiotherapists reported difficulty in reading journals and could not identify opinion leaders in key areas. In terms of clinical practice, literature, journals and research were ascribed low priority throughout. Differences in attitudes between the intervention and control groups were observed in relation to management support for EBP at 3 and 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, physiotherapists appeared to be in favour of the idea of EBP, yet they remained reluctant to change their practice. Opinion leaders were not easily identifiable by physiotherapists, suggesting that this method alone may not be an effective method of changing attitudes in clinical practice. The process of changing attitudes in the clinical environment is a complex issue worthy of further research
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1141
T1  - Critical appraisal skills training for health care professionals: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46272378]
A1  - Taylor,R.S.
A1  - Reeves,B.C.
A1  - Ewings,P.E.
A1  - Taylor,R.J.
Y1  - 2004/12/07/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15585061 IN - Department of Public Health & Epidemiology, University of Birmingham; Birmingham, UK. r.s.taylor@bham.ac.uk AS - BMC Med Educ. 4(1):30, 2004 Dec 7 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Confidence
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/ec [Economics]
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Funding
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - ISRCTN/ISRCTN46272378
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - play
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 30
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Critical appraisal skills are believed to play a central role in an evidence-based approach to health practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and costs of a critical appraisal skills educational intervention aimed at health care professionals. METHODS: This prospective controlled trial randomized 145 self-selected general practitioners, hospital physicians, professions allied to medicine, and healthcare managers/administrators from the South West of England to a half-day critical appraisal skills training workshop (based on the model of problem-based small group learning) or waiting list control. The following outcomes were assessed at 6-months follow up: knowledge of the principles necessary for appraising evidence; attitudes towards the use of evidence about healthcare; evidence seeking behaviour; perceived confidence in appraising evidence; and ability to critically appraise a systematic review article. RESULTS: At follow up overall knowledge score [mean difference: 2.6 (95% CI: 0.6 to 4.6)] and ability to appraise the results of a systematic review [mean difference: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.01 to 2.4)] were higher in the critical skills training group compared to control. No statistical significant differences in overall attitude towards evidence, evidence seeking behaviour, perceived confidence, and other areas of critical appraisal skills ability (methodology or generalizability) were observed between groups. Taking into account the workshop provision costs and costs of participants time and expenses of participants, the average cost of providing the critical appraisal workshops was approximately pound 250 per person. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study challenge the policy of funding 'one-off' educational interventions aimed at enhancing the evidence-based practice of health care professionals. Future evaluations of evidence-based practice interventions need to take in account this trial's negative findings and methodological difficulties
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1142
T1  - Assessment tools for evaluating critical appraisal skills
A1  - Thomas,K.G.
A1  - Thomas,M.R.
A1  - Dupras,D.M.
Y1  - 2004/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15107120 IN - Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. thomas.kris@mayo.edu AS - Med Educ. 38(5):569, 2004 May JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Computer-Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Health Education
KW  - *Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Skill
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 569
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1143
T1  - Training surgeons to do evidence-based surgery: a collaborative approach
A1  - Toedter,L.J.
A1  - Thompson,L.L.
A1  - Rohatgi,C.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15275887 IN - Department of Research/Medical Library, Easton Hospital, Easton, PA 18042, USA AS - J Am Coll Surg. 199(2):293-9, 2004 Aug JC - bzb, 9431305 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - expertise
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - progress
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 293
EP  - 299
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
VL  - 199
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Three of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education general competencies contain specific wording indicating that trainees must learn how to locate, appraise, and integrate the best information from the literature into their patient care practices. What is less clear is how to best translate evidence-based concepts into the workday of the resident, fellow, or attending surgeon. In this article we describe our use of the assignment-based training program we developed to ensure that our trainees can actually do what is required to practice evidence-based operations. STUDY DESIGN: Our collaborative program draws on the expertise of an attending surgeon, a medical librarian, and a research coordinator. The curriculum is designed so that all residents in our program develop and refine their evidence-based surgery skills in a context relating to their clinical practice. They are given a practice-related clinical question and are asked to demonstrate their competence in finding the best available evidence to answer it. This involves restating the question as a well-formulated clinical question, doing a focused literature search, critically appraising the results to find the best evidence, and integrating the information into practice, if appropriate. Search assignments are evaluated using a structured form and additional training is designed based on the results. Another question is then assigned to assess improvement. RESULTS: Residents' performance on a first assignment showed specific weaknesses in use of textwords and limiters. Performance was strongly related to a resident's ability to obtain the best evidence in answer to a clinical question (p = 0.011). Substantial improvement was shown on a second assignment after additional training. CONCLUSIONS: Our hands-on, performance-based program allows us to document trainees' progress in developing skills that will allow them to efficiently locate the best evidence available to inform their patient care decisions
SN  - 1072-7515
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1144
T1  - Being CLEAR: evaluation of a module to teach critical appraisal to surgeons.[see comment]
A1  - Toouli,J.
A1  - Stanton,P.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14725710 IN - Department of Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia CM - Comment in: ANZ J Surg. 2004 Jan-Feb;74(1-2):1; PMID: 14725693, Comment in: ANZ J Surg. 2004 Nov;74(11):1020; PMID: 15550102 AS - ANZ J Surg. 74(1-2):69-70, 2004 Jan-Feb JC - dze, 101086634 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - Research
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 70
JF  - ANZ Journal of Surgery.Vol.76(9)()(pp 805-811), 2006.
J1  - ANZ Journal of Surgery
VL  - 74
IS  - 1-2
N2  - The CLEAR (critical literature evaluation and research) module was developed to meet an identified need in both trainees and Fellows for the basic tools to allow them to plan research projects and evaluate research papers. This paper describes briefly the way in which the module was developed and presents results of participant evaluation of the mature product, which indicate a high level of satisfaction
SN  - 1445-1433
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1145
T1  - From both sides now: librarians' experiences at the Rocky Mountain Evidence-Based Health Care Workshop
A1  - Traditi,L.K.
A1  - Le Ber,J.M.
A1  - Beattie,M.
A1  - Meadows,S.E.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 14762465 IN - University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denison Memorial Library, 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, Box A003, Denver, Colorado 80262-0003,USA. lisa.traditi@UCHSC.edu AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 92(1):72-7, 2004 Jan JC - 101132728 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Awards and Prizes
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Computer
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Information Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries,Medical
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - PubMed
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - small groups
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
N2  - The Colorado Health Outcomes (COHO) Department of the School of Medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC) coordinates the Rocky Mountain Evidence-Based Health Care (EBHC) Workshop, which has been held annually since 1999. The goals of the workshop include helping participants-physicians, pharmacists, health care policy makers, journalists and librarians-learn and apply skills for critically appraising medical research literature and for effective use of evidence-based information resources. Participants are encouraged to share ideas and to plan local services and instruction for those working in clinical settings. Each year, librarians from UCHSC Denison Memorial Library participate as faculty by teaching searching skills (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ACP Journal Club, etc.), providing support to small groups, and staffing two computer labs. In 2002, Denison Library received a National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) MidContinental Region Impact Award to fund the attendance of three health sciences librarians from the MidContinental Region, an academic education librarian, a clinical medical librarian, and a department librarian. In this paper, the participating librarians share the lessons they learned about how health care practitioners approach evidence-based practice. The participating librarians also share how they incorporated these lessons into their support of evidence-based practice related to teaching about evidence-based resources, assisting health care practitioners with developing answerable questions, enhancing the clinician-librarian partnership, and assisting practitioners in selecting evidence-based resources for quick answers to clinical questions
SN  - 1536-5050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1146
T1  - Organising an English journal club in the developing world
A1  - Tucker,J.
A1  - Gao,X.
A1  - Wang,S.
A1  - Chen,Q.
A1  - Yin,Y.
A1  - Chen,X.
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15299150 IN - National Center for STD Control, 12 Jiangwangmiao St, Nanjing, China 210042. Joseph_Tucker@med.unc.edu AS - Postgrad Med J. 80(946):436-7, 2004 Aug JC - pfx, 0234135 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Developing Countries
KW  - *Periodicals/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - Article
KW  - China
KW  - control
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 436
EP  - 437
JF  - Postgraduate Medical Journal.Vol.83(976)()(pp 105-108), 2007.
J1  - Postgraduate Medical Journal
VL  - 80
IS  - 946
SN  - 0032-5473
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1147
T1  - Utilization of research findings by graduate nurses and midwives
A1  - Veeramah,V.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15196192 IN - School of Health and Social Care, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, London, UK. r.v.veeramah@gre.ac.uk AS - J Adv Nurs. 47(2):183-91, 2004 Jul JC - 7609811, h3l SB - IM, N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Nursing Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Staff/px [Psychology]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Midwife
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Midwifery/st [Standards]
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 183
EP  - 191
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: There is mounting pressure on nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom to use research findings to inform their practice. However, many still find research difficult to understand and are poorly prepared by education to make use of it. Hence, there is a pressing need to evaluate the research education included in nursing and midwifery curricula. AIM: This paper reports a study assessing the impact of research education on the attitudes towards research and use of research findings in practice by graduate nurses and midwives. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey using a self-completed postal questionnaire was conducted with a sample of 340 nurse and midwife graduates in the South East of England. FINDINGS: A response rate of 51% was obtained. A large number of respondents stated that their critical appraisal (96%) and search skills (87%) had improved following graduation and they reported using research findings in practice (16.8% all the time, 50.5% frequently and 32.6% sometimes). Furthermore, the majority expressed positive attitudes towards research and these were related to the research education received. However, a significant number reported finding statistics difficult to understand, lack of time to read research and limited access to research findings at their place of work. Also, a number of respondents would still like more help with searching the literature, implementing research findings in practice and developing their critical appraisal skills further. CONCLUSION: It is crucial that some of the major barriers to research utilization are addressed at both individual and organizational levels if evidence-based care is to become a reality. Also, health service managers should consider a number of strategies suggested by respondents to increase the use of research findings in clinical settings
SN  - 0309-2402
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1148
T1  - Facilitating research projects in schools and clinical respiratory care departments
A1  - Ward,J.J.
A1  - Plevak,D.J.
Y1  - 2004/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15447803 IN - Respiratory Care Program, University of Minnesota/Mayo Clinic, 1115 Siebans, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. ward.jeffery@mayo.edu AS - Respir Care. 49(10):1199-205, 2004 Oct JC - qz3, 7510357 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Respiratory Therapy/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - classroom
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - inquiry
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Protocols
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Respiratory Therapy Department,Hospital
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Environment
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1199
EP  - 1205
JF  - Respiratory Care.2001 Nov; 46(11): 1226-35.(31 ref)
J1  - Respiratory Care
VL  - 49
IS  - 10
N2  - As the profession of respiratory care evolves, greater demands are being placed on educators, managers, and practitioners as they encounter a mass of new literature and the latest technology. Respiratory care schools and clinical departments are under increasing pressure to prepare students and staff with the skills needed to efficiently and effectively consider the numerous primary research investigations, systematic reviews, consensus practice guidelines, and institutional continuous-quality-improvement data. A classroom and work environment that encourages openness and discussion and rewards inquiry is of fundamental importance. Cooperative efforts from school and workplace can provide both student and practitioner with courses on scientific methodology, journal clubs, and equipment seminars. A student body and clinical staff that receive foundational and ongoing education in empirical methodology will respond by assisting in the development and implementation of practice protocols, quality assurance programs, and clinical research. A school and workplace that embrace these attitudes and practices will provide an environment that enhances learning, stimulates professional development, and ultimately provides the most current and best care for its patients
SN  - 0020-1324
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1149
T1  - Journal clubs--science as conversation
A1  - Wright,J.
Y1  - 2004/07/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15229302 IN - Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA AS - N Engl J Med. 351(1):10-2, 2004 Jul 1 JC - 0255562, now SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Communication
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Conversation
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Reading
KW  - School
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 12
JF  - New England Journal of Medicine.Vol.345(13)()(pp 935-940), 2001.Date of Publication: 27 SEP 2001.
J1  - New England Journal of Medicine
VL  - 351
IS  - 1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1150
T1  - eLearning: a review of Internet-based continuing medical education. [Review] [28 refs]
A1  - Wutoh,R.
A1  - Boren,S.A.
A1  - Balas,E.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15069909 IN - Howard University College of Pharmacy, Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Division of Allied Health Sciences, 6th and Bryant Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA AS - J Contin Educ Health Prof. 24(1):20-30, 2004 JC - jhp, 8805847 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S PT - Review NO - R01 HS10472 (AHCPR) LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Learning
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - College
KW  - Computer-Assisted Instruction/td [Trends]
KW  - content
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/td [Trends]
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Level
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Performance
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 30
JF  - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
N2  - INTRODUCTION: The objective was to review the effect of Internet-based continuing medical education (CME) interventions on physician performance and health care outcomes. METHODS: Data sources included searches of MEDLINE (1966 to January 2004), CINAHL (1982 to December 2003), ACP Journal Club (1991 to July/August 2003), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (third quarter, 2003). Studies were included in the analyses if they were randomized controlled trials of Internet-based education in which participants were practicing health care professionals or health professionals in training. CME interventions were categorized according to the nature of the intervention, sample size, and other information about educational content and format. RESULTS: Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Six studies generated positive changes in participant knowledge over traditional formats; only three studies showed a positive change in practices. The remainder of the studies showed no difference in knowledge levels between Internet-based interventions and traditional formats for CME. DISCUSSION: The results demonstrate that Internet-based CME programs are just as effective in imparting knowledge as traditional formats of CME. Little is known as to whether these positive changes in knowledge are translated into changes in practice. Subjective reports of change in physician behavior should be confirmed through chart review or other objective measures. Additional studies need to be performed to assess how long these new learned behaviors could be sustained. eLearning will continue to evolve as new innovations and more interactive modes are incorporated into learning. [References: 28]
SN  - 0894-1912
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1151
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: answering questions of diagnosis. [Review] [10 refs]
A1  - Zakowski,L.
A1  - Seibert,C.
A1  - VanEyck,S.
Y1  - 2004/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15931337 IN - Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. zakowski@wisc.edu AS - Clin. med. res.. 2(1):63-9, 2004 Feb JC - 101175887 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S PT - Review NO - 1D16HP00067-01 (PHS) LG - English
KW  - *Colonic Diseases/ra [Radiography]
KW  - *Colonography,Computed Tomographic/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Probability
KW  - PubMed
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 69
JF  - Clinical Medicine & Research
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
N2  - Using medical evidence to effectively guide medical practice is an important skill for all physicians to learn. The purpose of this article is to understand how to ask and evaluate questions of diagnosis, and then apply this knowledge to the new diagnostic test of CT colonography to demonstrate its applicability. Sackett and colleagues have developed a step-wise approach to answering questions of diagnosis: Step1: Define a clinical question and its four components: Patient, intervention, comparison and outcome. Step 2: Find the evidence that will help answer the question. PubMed Clinical Queries is an efficient database to accomplish this step. Step 3: Assess whether this evidence is valid and important. A quick review of the methods and results section will help to answer these two questions. Step 4: Apply the evidence to the patient. This step includes: assessing whether the test can be used; determining if it will help the patient; finding whether the study patients are similar to the patient in question; determining a pretest probability; and deciding if the test will change one's management of the patient. A relatively new diagnostic test, CT colonography, is explored as a scenario in which the steps presented by Sackett et al.1 can be helpful. A patient who is interested in completing a CT colonography instead of a colonoscopy is the basis of the discussion. Because a CT colonography does not detect polyps of less than 10 mm accurately, many patient are not likely to prefer this test over a colonoscopy. Evidence-based medicine is an effective strategy for finding, evaluating, and critically appraising diagnostic tests, treatment and application. This skill will help physicians interpret and explain the medical information patients read or hear about. [References: 10]
SN  - 1539-4182
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1152
T1  - A more appropriate critical appraisal of the available evidence?[comment]
A1  - Zandstra,D.F.
A1  - van,der,V
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15483439 CM - Comment on: Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar;32(3):858-73; PMID: 15090974 AS - Crit Care Med. 32(10):2166-7; author reply 2167, 2004 Oct JC - dtf, 0355501 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Anti-Ulcer Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Peptic Ulcer/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Stress
KW  - 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Letter
KW  - Peptic Ulcer/et [Etiology]
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Shock,Septic/co [Complications]
KW  - Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/co [Complications]
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2166
EP  - 2167
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 32
IS  - 10
SN  - 0090-3493
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1153
T1  - [Clinical cases and historical-medical didactics]. [Italian] 560
A1  - Berti,G.B.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16247914 IN - Dipartmento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Storia della Medicina, Universita degli Studi di Milano, I OT - Casi clinici e didattica storico-medica AS - Med Secoli. 16(3):485-90, 2004 JC - mfa, 0176472 CP - Italy PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 485
EP  - 490
JF  - Medicina Nei Secoli
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - The discovery of remarkable documents dating back to the thirties and coming from the Policlinico Surgical Clinic of Milan, offers the possibility to be read in a historical clue too and to compare the constant discordances with the clinical contemporary practice.The aim is to point out the relationship between yesterday knowledges and critical today interpretations. The analysis can be suggested because certainly instructive and formative, also within the historical-medical didactics students of the courses of degree in Medicine and Nursing since the first match with the Medical Faculty
SN  - 0394-9001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1154
T1  - Critical appraisal. Resin bond to dental ceramics, Part II: high-strength ceramics.[comment] 601
A1  - Blatz,M.B.
A1  - Richter,C.
A1  - Sadan,A.
A1  - Chiche,G.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15726801 CM - Comment on: Acta Odontol Scand. 1998 Feb;56(1):9-13; PMID: 9537728, Comment on: J Adhes Dent. 2000 Summer;2(2):139-47; PMID: 11317401, Comment on: J Prosthet Dent. 1995 Mar;73(3):240-9; PMID: 7760272 AS - J Esthet Restor Dent. 16(5):324-8, 2004 JC - 101096515, 101096515 CP - Canada PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Resin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 324
EP  - 328
JF  - Journal of Esthetic & Restorative Dentistry: Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
SN  - 1496-4155
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1155
T1  - Oxidation of thioanisole by peroxomolybdate in assemblies of cetylpyridinium chloride and methyltri-n-octylammonium chloride 598
A1  - Chiarini,M.
A1  - Cerichelli,G.
A1  - Foroudian,H.J.
A1  - Gillitt,N.D.
A1  - Yunes,S.F.
A1  - Bunton,C.A.
Y1  - 2004/06/22/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15986653 IN - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, USA AS - Langmuir. 20(13):5201-8, 2004 Jun 22 JC - 9882736 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Article
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - California
KW  - Colloid
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Morphology
KW  - relationships
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5201
EP  - 5208
JF  - Langmuir
VL  - 20
IS  - 13
N2  - Methyltri-n-octylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) is sparingly soluble in water but is readily soluble with a 2-fold excess of micellized cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl), and the mixtures show breaks in plots of surface tension or electrolytic conductance against concentration indicative of a critical micelle concentration slightly lower than that of CPyCl. Micellization markedly increases 35Cl and 14N NMR line widths of CPyCl, but addition of NaCl reduces the 35Cl line width and addition of Aliquat increases it. Mixing Aliquat and CPyCl has little effect on their 14N line widths. Ion pairing in alcohol mixtures also increases 35Cl line widths. In water these mixed assemblies behave similarly to micelles of CPyCl as regards effects on rates and equilibria of interconversion of tri- and tetraperoxomolybdate ions, and oxidation of thioanisole by the latter, although it is slightly slower than in micelles of CPyCl. Despite differences in the hydrophobic regions, and relationships between amphiphilic structures and morphologies of association colloids, assemblies of CPyCl and Aliquat behave very much like CPyCl micelles in their physical properties and effects upon reactivity. Geometrical optimization indicates that Aliquat can adopt conformations that allow intercalation with CPyCl micelles
SN  - 0743-7463
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1156
T1  - Observation of quantum oscillations between a Josephson phase qubit and a microscopic resonator using fast readout 605
A1  - Cooper,K.B.
A1  - Steffen,M.
A1  - McDermott,R.
A1  - Simmonds,R.W.
A1  - Oh,S.
A1  - Hite,D.A.
A1  - Pappas,D.P.
A1  - Martinis,J.M.
Y1  - 2004/10/29/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15525134 IN - National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA AS - Phys Rev Lett. 93(18):180401, 2004 Oct 29 JC - dtd, 0401141 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - English
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Observation
KW  - Standard
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 180401
JF  - Physical Review Letters
VL  - 93
IS  - 18
N2  - We have detected coherent quantum oscillations between Josephson phase qubits and critical-current fluctuators by implementing a new state readout technique that is an order of magnitude faster than previous methods. These results reveal a new aspect of the quantum behavior of Josephson junctions, and they demonstrate the means to measure two-qubit interactions in the time domain. The junction-fluctuator interaction also points to a possible mechanism for decoherence and reduced fidelity in superconducting qubits
SN  - 0031-9007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1157
T1  - Determination of the surface characteristics of particulate fillers by inverse gas chromatography at infinite dilution: a critical approach 614
A1  - Fekete,E.
A1  - Moczo,J.
A1  - Pukanszky,B.
Y1  - 2004/01/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 14651906 IN - Department of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, PO Box 92, Hungary. efekete@muatex.mua.bme.hu AS - J Colloid Interface Sci. 269(1):143-52, 2004 Jan 1 JC - HUJ, 0043125 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Character
KW  - Colloid
KW  - consequence
KW  - economics
KW  - English
KW  - Hungary
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Standard
KW  - Surfactant
KW  - Technology
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 143
EP  - 152
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
VL  - 269
IS  - 1
N2  - CaCO3 fillers were investigated by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) to determine the dispersion component of their surface tension as well as their acid-base character. Because of the high energy of the filler surface, it readily adsorbs water, thus the parameters measured by IGC depend on the conditioning temperature, as well as on the measurement conditions. As a consequence, the determined surface characteristics are not material constants; different fillers or the effect of coating can be compared only under standard conditions. The use of the same conditioning and measurement temperature eliminates the effect of measurement time. Under appropriate standard conditions the acid-base characteristics of the filler can be determined reliably. However, the accuracy of the determination and the value of the derived parameters depend very much on the selected approach and on the acid-base constants used for the probe molecules. A critical analysis of the approaches used in the current literature pointed out those that yield the most reasonable and accurate values. The results prove that the surface of CaCO3 is strongly basic in character. Coating significantly reduces basicity. Surprisingly, the filler coated with an amount of stearic acid resulting in minimum surface tension showed relatively strong acidity, which indicates a coating exceeding monolayer coverage and/or the uneven distribution of the surfactant on the surface
SN  - 0021-9797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1158
T1  - Critically appraised topics 496
A1  - Fetters,L.
A1  - Figueiredo,E.M.
A1  - Keane-Miller,D.
A1  - McSweeney,D.J.
A1  - Tsao,C.C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17057467 IN - Programs in Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA AS - PEDIATR. PHYS. THER.. 16(1):19-21, 2004 JC - 8912748 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Cerebral Palsy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 21
JF  - Pediatric Physical Therapy.2006 Summer; 18(2): 176.
J1  - Pediatric Physical Therapy
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - This article describes the critically appraised topic (CAT) as a means to disseminate evidence from research literature to rehabilitation professionals. A CAT is a standardized, one-page summary of research evidence organized around a clinical question. A CAT includes a clinical bottom line that reflects synthesis of a research article and clinical application of the results. The synthesis includes a critique of the internal, external, and statistical validity of the research. The process of writing CATs has been used in the preparation of evidence-based practitioners. Commonly used websites for preparation and posting of CATs are included as well as an example of a CAT on the topic of cerebral palsy
SN  - 0898-5669
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1159
T1  - Review: lasting health behaviour changes began with critical self appraisal and small steps that led to an identity shift.[comment] 610
A1  - Finfgeld,D.L.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 14994705 IN - University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA CM - Comment on: West J Nurs Res. 2003 Mar;25(2):134-52; PMID: 12666640 AS - Evid Based Nurs. 7(1):31, 2004 Jan JC - 9815947 CP - England PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - journal
KW  - Review
KW  - self
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
JF  - Evidence-Based Nursing.2006 Jul; 9(3): 68-71.(7 ref)
J1  - Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SN  - 1367-6539
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1160
T1  - Sepsis and the lung host response 597
A1  - Frevert,C.W.
A1  - Martin,T.R.
Y1  - 2004/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16088452 IN - Medical Research Service of the VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. cfrevert@u.washington.edu AS - SEMIN. RESPIR. CRIT. CARE MED.. 25(1):85-93, 2004 Feb JC - 9431858 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Animal Model
KW  - Article
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Death
KW  - English
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Lung Injury
KW  - mediator
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 85
EP  - 93
JF  - Seminars in Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients and is the most common risk factor for the development of acute lung injury in medical patients. Initially investigators hypothesized that an excessive proinflammatory response contributed to the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, this hypothesis overlooked the beneficial effects of proinflammatory mediators and the detrimental effects of an excessive anti-inflammatory response. This has led to a new hypothesis where sepsis is characterized by imbalances of the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, with tissue injury the result of an excessive proinflammatory response and impaired pulmonary host defense the result of an excessive anti-inflammatory response. This article reviews clinical studies and animal models which show that sepsis results in an impaired lung host response to bacteria. Information in this article should provide the reader with an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis and the realization that new therapeutic strategies for sepsis need to take into account the need to balance pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to maintain pulmonary host defenses and prevent the development of acute lung injury
SN  - 1069-3424
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1161
T1  - [The dialogue between literature and medicine in the education of medical students]. [Italian] 559
A1  - Giardina,S.
A1  - Catananti,C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16247926 IN - Istituto di Bioetica, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma OT - Il dialogo tra la letteratura e la medicina nella formazione del medico AS - Med Secoli. 16(3):557-68, 2004 JC - mfa, 0176472 CP - Italy PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Biomedicine
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Conception
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Science
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - texts
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 557
EP  - 568
JF  - Medicina Nei Secoli
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - On the basis of the conception that literature, like science, is an instrument of knowledge, the authors used some texts to underline the importance of dialogue between different disciplines. In particular, the discourse on the ethical significance of biomedicine fluctuates from the more established and deep ethics to the humanistic and anthropological ethics present in literature and vice versa. The aim of the work is to demonstrate that literature is an essential study for medical students. Thus, literature does offer the possibility to deepen the awareness of issues and experiences one cannot or will never have. An understanding of narrative can help clinicians and medical students in developing a dynamic relation with everyday complex stories of medical situations. The authors do believe that practising physicians should be encouraged to read critically; every medical and health care students need to be educated how to read in order to learn how to behave in everyday dialogue with patients and their relatives
SN  - 0394-9001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1162
T1  - Sport medicine journal club 611
A1  - Hart,L.E.
A1  - Tornopolsky,M.
A1  - Lotter,A.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 14750515 AS - Clin J Sport Med. 14(1):50-4, 2004 Jan JC - b9t, 9103300 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Sport
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 54
JF  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.2002 Mar; 12(2): 132-3.(1 ref)
J1  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SN  - 1050-642X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1163
T1  - Improving speed and accuracy of brain-computer interfaces using readiness potential features 447
A1  - Krauledat,M.
A1  - Dornhege,G.
A1  - Blankertz,B.
A1  - Losch,F.
A1  - Curio,G.
A1  - Muller,K.R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17271309 IN - Fraunhofer FIRST, Berlin, Germany AS - Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 6:4511-5, 2004 JC - 101243413 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - brain
KW  - Classification
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Machine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - Research
KW  - Technique
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - International
EP  - 5
JF  - Conference Proceedings:
VL  - Annual
N2  - To enhance human interaction with machines, research interest is growing to develop a 'brain-computer interface', which allows communication of a human with a machine only by use of brain signals. So far, the applicability of such an interface is strongly limited by low bit-transfer rates, slow response times and long training sessions for the subject. The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface (BBCI) project is guided by the idea to train a computer by advanced machine learning techniques both to improve classification performance and to reduce the need of subject training. In this paper we present two directions in which brain-computer interfacing can be enhanced by exploiting the lateralized readiness potential: (1) for establishing a rapid response BCI system that can predict the laterality of upcoming finger movements before EMG onset even in time critical contexts, and (2) to improve information transfer rates in the common BCI approach relying on imagined limb movements
SN  - 1557-170X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1164
T1  - Strategic collaborative model for evidence-based nursing practice 479
A1  - Olade,R.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17147759 AS - Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 1(1):60-8, 2004 JC - 101185267 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - academia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - mentoring
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 60
EP  - 68
JF  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2004 1st Quarter; 1(1): 60-8.(75 ref)
J1  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
N2  - Purpose: To describe a model that has been developed to guide nurses and other health professionals in collaborative efforts toward evidence-based nursing practice. Method: A review of literature was conducted using MEDLINE and CINAHL to search for articles on research utilization for evidence-based practice in health care delivery. Empirical studies; reviews; and theoretical, opinion, and information articles were included in the review in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the state of evidence-based nursing internationally. Findings: Findings revealed a number of barriers to evidence-based nursing practice, which have persisted over the last two decades, including inadequate knowledge of research among practicing nurses, lack of administrative support for research activities in clinical settings, lack of empowerment of nurses, and lack of needed mentoring from nursing research consultants. Conclusions: Barriers in the areas of nursing education and administrative support appear to be major. A need was identified for a pragmatic model that encourages cooperation and collaboration between educators/researchers in academia and the administrative leaders in the clinical facilities if evidence-based nursing practice is to become the norm. Framework of Model: The Tyler Collaborative Model is based on an eclectic approach to planned change for creating evidence-based practice. This model identifies a step-by-step process for change, while allowing for the opportunity to integrate any of the previously available methods of critical appraisal to determine the best evidence for practice in each clinical setting
SN  - 1545-102X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1165
T1  - Evidence in practice
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16040887 IN - Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals, Charlestown Road, Blackley, Manchester, M9 7AA, UK. tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk AS - Arch Dis Child. 90(8):849-52, 2005 Aug JC - 6xg, 0372434 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Child Welfare
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Family Practice
KW  - 0 (Antibodies,Monoclonal)
KW  - 0 (Gastrointestinal Agents)
KW  - 0 (infliximab)
KW  - Antibodies,Monoclonal/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Cost
KW  - Costs and Cost Analysis
KW  - Crohn Disease/th [Therapy]
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ec [Economics]
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Gastrointestinal Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/ec [Economics]
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Teams
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 849
EP  - 852
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - A clinical scenario is used to illustrate how the principles outlined in the previous articles in the series could be applied to help improve patient care. A practical demonstration of the art of formulating answerable clinical questions, finding evidence, critically appraising evidence, and putting evidence into practice is provided. The importance of integrating evidence with patient's preferences, and taking account of issues such as availability of interventions, costs, and so on is discussed. Finally, some of the issues involved in the development of evidence based policies within clinical teams are outlined
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1166
T1  - Understanding systematic reviews and meta-analysis
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16040886 IN - Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals, Charlestown Road, Blackley, Manchester, M9 7AA, UK. tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk AS - Arch Dis Child. 90(8):845-8, 2005 Aug JC - 6xg, 0372434 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Child Welfare
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Effect Modifiers (Epidemiology)
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Relative
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 845
EP  - 848
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - This review covers the basic principles of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The problems associated with traditional narrative reviews are discussed, as is the role of systematic reviews in limiting bias associated with the assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of studies addressing specific clinical questions. Important issues that need to be considered when appraising a systematic review or meta-analysis are outlined, and some of the terms used in the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses--such as odds ratio, relative risk, confidence interval, and the forest plot--are introduced
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1167
T1  - Understanding randomised controlled trials
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16040885 IN - Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals, Charlestown Road, Blackley, Manchester, M9 7AA, UK. tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk AS - Arch Dis Child. 90(8):840-4, 2005 Aug JC - 6xg, 0372434 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Child Welfare
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Pediatrics
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intention
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Standard
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 840
EP  - 844
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - The hierarchy of evidence in assessing the effectiveness of interventions or treatments is explained, and the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, the randomised controlled trial, is discussed. Issues that need to be considered during the critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials, such as assessing the validity of trial methodology and the magnitude and precision of the treatment effect, and deciding on the applicability of research results, are discussed. Important terminologies such as randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, intention to treat, p values, and confidence intervals are explained
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1168
T1  - Principles of evidence based medicine
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16040884 IN - Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals, Charlestown Road, Blackley, Manchester, M9 7AA, UK. tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk AS - Arch Dis Child. 90(8):837-40, 2005 Aug JC - 6xg, 0372434 SB - AIM, IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Child Welfare
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - formulation
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 837
EP  - 840
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - Health care professionals are increasingly required to base clinical decisions on the best available evidence. Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a systematic approach to clinical problem solving which allows the integration of the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. This paper explains the concept of EBM and introduces the five step EBM model: formulation of answerable clinical questions; searching for evidence; critical appraisal; applicability of evidence; evaluation of performance. Subsequent articles will focus on the principles and critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and provide a practical demonstration of the five step EBM model using a real life clinical scenario
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1169
T1  - Journal clubs.[see comment][comment]
A1  - Beckett,H.
A1  - Ramsey,R.
A1  - Thompson,B.
A1  - Brennan,P.A.
Y1  - 2005/05/28/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15920596 CM - Comment in: Br Dent J. 2005 Sep 24;199(6):315; discussion 315; PMID: 16184087, Comment on: Br Dent J. 2004 Nov 27;197(10):594; PMID: 15611733 AS - Br Dent J. 198(10):629, 2005 May 28 JC - asw, 7513219 SB - D, IM CP - England PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Dental Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Focus Groups
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant,Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Periodontal Diseases
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Pregnancy Outcome
KW  - Premature Birth
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 629
JF  - British Dental Journal
VL  - 198
IS  - 10
SN  - 0007-0610
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1170
T1  - [Renewed medical education in Linkoping. Problem-based learning, basic science and public health intensified]. [Swedish]
A1  - Bergdahl,B.
A1  - Eintrei,C.
A1  - Fyrenius,A.
A1  - Hultman,P.
A1  - Theodorsson,E.
Y1  - 2005/09/19/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16235619 IN - IMV, internmedicin/kardiologi, Berzelius Science Park, Linkoping, Sweden. bjobe@imv.liu.se OT - Lakarutbildningen i linkoping fornyas. Problembaserat larande, basvetenskap och folkhalsa forstarks AS - Lakartidningen. 102(38):2654-8, 2005 Sep 19-25 JC - l0n, 0027707 SB - IM CP - Sweden PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Swedish
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Clinical Clerkship/mt [Methods]
KW  - Clinical Clerkship/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate/st [Standards]
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Population
KW  - principles
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning/st [Standards]
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health/ed [Education]
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2654
EP  - 2658
JF  - Lakartidningen
VL  - 102
IS  - 38
N2  - A complete undergraduate medical programme in Linkoping started 1986. The curriculum was innovative applying problem-based learning, community-orientation, and multi-professional training. After almost 20 years, a revision is implemented to vitalise the original educational principles. A curriculum committee coordinates seven multi-disciplinary theme-groups, mainly based on organ systems, responsible for planning and implementation of their parts during the whole curriculum. Critical appraisal, professional development, and population health are strengthened. Problem based learning is improved by using web-based scenarios and information technology. Phase I (2 semesters) focuses on basic concepts in basic science in relevant contexts, and Phase II (3 semesters) on normal structure, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Phase III starts with a semester for a student research project and an elective period. The following five semesters deal with clinical medicine in hospitals and health centres with clerkships in four week periods changing with two week theoretical blocks related to the themes
SN  - 0023-7205
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1171
T1  - [First mandatory training in evidence-based medicine in the Medical Education Programme of the University of Frankfurt]. [German]
A1  - Bergold,M.
A1  - Ginn,T.C.
A1  - Schulze,J.
A1  - Weberschock,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16277058 IN - EBM-Frankfurt, Zentrum fur Allgemeinmedizin des Universitatsklinikums Frankfurt/Main. Bergold@ebmfrankfurt.de OT - 1. curriculares Seminar "Evidenzbasierte Medizin" in der medizinischen Ausbildung in Frankfurt AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 99(7):431-5, 2005 JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Education,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical/td [Trends]
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Germany
KW  - grades
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Law
KW  - Licensing
KW  - Licensure,Medical/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence]
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - problems
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching skills
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - Universities/st [Standards]
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 431
EP  - 435
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 99
IS  - 7
N2  - Changes in the German medical licensing law in 2002 demanded the inclusion of sound scientific knowledge and practical skills in the medical education programme for undergraduates. The universities were given ample autonomy to implement this goal, so that subjects not yet included in the curricula, such as Evidence-based Medicine (EbM), could now be integrated in the study course. Hence, in 2003 the Medical Faculty of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Germany implemented (as first institution) a mandatory clinical training in EbM for third-year medical students. The content and structure of the seminar are based on the "Curriculum EbM" of the German Network of Evidence-Based Medicine. This project is conducted exclusively by intern medical students with previous training in teaching skills and specific knowledge. The seminar is integrated in the interdisciplinary field "Epidemiology, biostatistics, and informatics". The four-day seminars consist of lectures and small-group teaching based on Internet search of medical information as well as on the critical appraisal of studies that deal with therapeutic and diagnostic problems; the self-evaluation of the information-retrieval process is also included. Special importance is attached to the need of scrutinising published medical information. The grades are based on seminar-oriented tests as well as on end-of-term examinations. The Frankfurt project shows that EbM can be easily implemented in medical undergraduate courses
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1172
T1  - How to appraise a diagnostic test
A1  - Bhandari,M.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827842 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Center, McMaster University, Room 2c12, 1200 Main Street West, L8N 3Z5, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. bhamdam@mcmaster.ca AS - World J Surg. 29(5):561-6, 2005 May JC - xo8, 7704052 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Likelihood Functions
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Probability
KW  - Science
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 561
EP  - 566
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - Clinicians frequently confront challenges when using diagnostic tests to help them decide whether the patient before them suffers from a particular target condition or diagnosis. The primary issues to consider when determining the validity of a diagnostic test study are how the authors assembled the patients and whether they used an appropriate reference standard in all patients to determine whether the patients did or did not have the target condition. Surgeons should be interested in the characteristics of the test that indicates the direction and magnitude of change in the probability of the target condition associated with a particular test result. The likelihood ratio best captures the link between the pretest probability of the target condition and the probability after the test results are obtained (also called the posttest probability). Many studies, however, present the properties of diagnostic tests in less clinically useful terms: sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity denotes the proportion of people with the disorder in whom the test result is positive. Specificity denotes the proportion of people without the disorder in whom the test result is negative. Application of the guides presented in this article can allow surgeons to assess critically studies regarding a diagnostic test
SN  - 0364-2313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1173
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injured. [Review] [18 refs]
A1  - Biering-Sorensen,F.
Y1  - 2005/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16205649 IN - Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Havnevej, Hornbaek, Denmark AS - Spinal Cord. 43(10):587-92, 2005 Oct JC - 9609749, ckk SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Spinal Cord Injuries/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - *Spinal Cord Injuries/th [Therapy]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Denmark
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - Integration
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries
KW  - spinal cord injury
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 587
EP  - 592
JF  - Spinal Cord
VL  - 43
IS  - 10
N2  - The interest for evidence-based medicine (EBM) has grown, due to the enormous and exponentially increasing amount of medical literature published. EBM is 'the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values'. The steps in the EBM process are (1) convert the need for information into a question; (2) find the best evidence; (3) critically evaluate the evidence; (4) integrate the critical appraisal with clinical expertise and the patient's unique biology, values, and circumstances; (5) evaluate the process and seek ways to improve effectiveness and efficiency. Both limitations related to the accumulation of evidence and the use and possible misuse of EBM in the health care are important to be aware of in the daily clinical environment. For use of EMB in treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury MEDLINE is the most sensitive source for evidence due to its comprehensiveness and up to date maintenance, and the best pre-appraised evidence source is the Cochrane Library and Best Evidence. Clinical Practice Guidelines may provide a good summary of the actual evidence. In spite of limitations and dangers related to EMB, health care professionals generally agree that they should strive to incorporate evidence-based interventions into the multifaceted clinical decision-making process, including the individual patient values and circumstances. [References: 18]
SN  - 1362-4393
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1174
T1  - Moral dilemmas of nursing in end-of-life care in Hungary: a personal perspective
A1  - Blasszauer,B.
A1  - Palfi,I.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15685970 IN - Pecs University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Family Medicine, Pecs, Akac u. 1. 7632, Hungary. chela@axelero.hu AS - Nurs Ethics. 12(1):92-105, 2005 Jan JC - b6m, 9433357 SB - E, N CP - England NT - 17 refs. KIE Bib: nursing ethics/education; terminal care PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Ethics,Nursing
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Nursing Staff/es [Ethics]
KW  - *Palliative Care/es [Ethics]
KW  - *Terminal Care/es [Ethics]
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - College
KW  - Conflict (Psychology)
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Ethics,Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hungary
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Narration
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse-Patient Relations
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Nursing Staff/st [Standards]
KW  - Palliative Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Physician-Nurse Relations
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Terminal Care
KW  - Terminal Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Terminally Ill
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Environment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
EP  - 105
JF  - Nursing Ethics: an International Journal for Health Care Professionals
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
N2  - The authors' aim is to bring to the attention of readers the inadequacies of care for people in Hungary who are terminally ill. They believe that both objective and subjective factors cause these inadequacies. Most of these factors arise from moral dilemmas that could be eased or even solved if ethics education had a much more prominent place in the nursing curriculum. Even if nurses would not become automatically better persons morally, a much wider knowledge of medical/nursing ethics could significantly improve nursing care both before and at the end of life. Although the article is also critical of the nursing care provided, it is not its purpose to make any generalizations. The study utilized selected passages from essays written by 76 practicing nurses on their personal experience of ethical dilemmas in their work environment, and a questionnaire administered to 250 students (registered nurses and health care students) studying for a college degree. This article is written by two authors who have formed an unusual alliance: a registered nurse with 29 years' experience of bedside nursing, but who is currently a teacher of nursing ethics at a local health college, and a lawyer turned bioethicist
SN  - 0969-7330
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1175
T1  - Comparison of directed and self-directed learning in evidence-based medicine: a randomised controlled trial
A1  - Bradley,P.
A1  - Oterholt,C.
A1  - Herrin,J.
A1  - Nordheim,L.
A1  - Bjorndal,A.
Y1  - 2005/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16178830 IN - Norwegian Medicines Agency, Oslo, Norway. peter.bradley@suffolkwest-pct.nhs.uk AS - Med Educ. 39(10):1027-35, 2005 Oct JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Consent Forms
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - form
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Norway
KW  - Programmed Instruction
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Rank Sum Test
KW  - Research
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Learning
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1027
EP  - 1035
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To compare 2 educational programmes for teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM). DESIGN: Prospective randomised controlled trial accompanied by a qualitative evaluation. SETTING: University of Oslo, Norway, 2002-03. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 175 students entered the study. All tenth semester medical students from 3 semesters were eligible for inclusion if they completed baseline assessment and consent forms and either attended teaching on the first day of the semester or gave reasons for their absence on the first day in advance. Interventions One intervention was based on computer-assisted, self-directed learning (self-directed intervention), whilst the other was organised as workshops based on social learning theory (directed intervention). Both educational interventions consisted of 5 half-day sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were knowledge about EBM and skills in critical appraisal. A secondary outcome measured attitudes to EBM. Outcomes were compared on an intention-to-treat basis using a stratified Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: There were no differences in outcomes for the 2 study groups in terms of EBM knowledge (mean deviation 0.0 [95% confidence interval - 1.0, 1.0], P = 0.8), critical appraisal skills (MD 0.1 [95% CI - 0.9, 1.1], P = 0.5), or attitudes to EBM (MD - 0.3 [95% CI - 1.4, 0.8], P = 0.5). Follow-up rates were 96%, 97% and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This trial and its accompanying qualitative evaluation suggest that self-directed, computer-assisted learning may be an alternative format for teaching EBM. However, further research is needed to confirm this and investigate alternative educational models
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1176
T1  - The numbers needed to treat for neurological disorders.[see comment]
A1  - Bussiere,M.
A1  - Wiebe,S.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16408573 IN - Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada CM - Comment in: Can J Neurol Sci. 2006 May;33(2):254; author reply 254; PMID: 16736743 AS - Can J Neurol Sci. 32(4):440-9, 2005 Nov JC - cj9, 0415227 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - *Nervous System Diseases/th [Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - control
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Library
KW  - London
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Nervous System Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vaccination
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 440
EP  - 449
JF  - Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Numerous therapeutic interventions have been developed in the neurosciences. Clinicians need summary measures about efficacy of therapies that derive from the best available evidence, and that can be readily extrapolated to clinical practice. The number needed to treat (NNT) is intuitive and clinically applicable. We provide clinicians with a single source that summarizes important therapies in the main neurological and neurosurgical areas. METHODS: Critically appraised evidence about therapies in the neurosciences was obtained from meta-analyses in all neurosciences groups in the Cochrane library, and from critically appraised topics at the University of Western Ontario. Therapies were included if they were deemed relevant and if outcomes were dichotomous. For each therapy, we obtained absolute risk differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), the corresponding NNTs, control and experimental event rates, and the time-frame of the outcome assessment. RESULTS: We assembled a table of NNTs for 87 interventions in ten disease categories, deriving from meta-analyses (70%) or randomized controlled trials (30%), and assessing surgical interventions (7%), procedures (9%) or pharmacological treatments (84%). The NNTs varied widely, ranging from 1 in the use of epidural blood patch for post-dural puncture headache to 4608 for meningococcal vaccination. Preventative interventions had substantially larger NNTs. Time-frames were inappropriately short for many chronic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Large collections of NNTs provide useful, updateable summaries of therapeutic effects in the neurosciences, an increasingly interventional clinical field
SN  - 0317-1671
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1177
T1  - Types of clinical studies. I. Case-control studies
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2005/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16240687 IN - Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. avc@netcabo.pt AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 24(7-8):1017-23, 2005 Jul-Aug JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Journal Article LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Case-Control Studies
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Confounding
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Disease/et [Etiology]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Methodology
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1017
EP  - 1023
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 24
IS  - 7-8
N2  - In an age when there is a general belief that clinical practice should be based on the best scientific evidence available, its selection and critical appraisal is crucial. The first step should therefore be to define the existing types of studies, and analyze their objectives, advantages and disadvantages, use and synthesis. In this, the first of a series of articles defining types of clinical studies, we present case-control studies. This type of study is a valid research methodology, producing important data with less time, cost and effort than other types of research studies. Its implementation, however, is complicated by the fact that case-control studies are more susceptible to bias. Attention to specific details--selection criteria for cases and controls, origin of the controls, blinding of data collectors and standardization of their procedures, and management of confounding factors--will improve the quality of the results obtained in case-control studies
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1178
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical studies: practical tables
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15977782 IN - Centro se Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. avc@fm.ul.pt AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 24(4):607-14, 2005 Apr JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Journal Article LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Clinical Trials
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 607
EP  - 614
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1179
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for medical students: introducing EBM in a primary care rotation
A1  - Cayley,W.E.,Jr.
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15966630 IN - University of Wisconsin, Department of Family Medicine, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA. bcayley@yahoo.com AS - WMJ. 104(3):34-7, 2005 Apr JC - 9716054, cyb SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Responses
KW  - self
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 37
JF  - WMJ
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) seeks to improve patients' lives by applying the best available evidence to decisions affecting health outcomes. Since medical students often do not appreciate the value of an evidence-based approach to medicine when they enter third-year clinical training, a curriculum was developed introducing third-year students to the practice of EBM during a primary care clinical rotation. METHODS: Twenty-seven students over 4 rotations participated in the series of 6 hour-long seminars, and 8 items from a 27-item questionnaire were used to measure the impact on students' self reported understanding and use of EBM. RESULTS: Responses to questionnaires given before and after completion of the curriculum documented improved self-reported understanding of EBM and improved self-reported comfort with critical appraisal. CONCLUSIONS: A seminar series introducing EBM in a primary care rotation improved students' familiarity with and receptivity to use of EBM
SN  - 1098-1861
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1180
T1  - [Document research and self-instruction. Critical reading of a medical article--Practice guidelines--Orphan diseases. Part 3--Critical reading of a medical article. Practice guidelines]. [French]
A1  - Chabot,J.M.
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16164071 IN - HAS, 93000 Saint-Denis. m.chabot@has-sante.fr OT - Recherche documentaire et auto-formation. Lecture critique d'un article medical--Recommandations pour la pratique--Les maladies orphelines. 3e partie--Lecture critique d'un article medical. Recommandations pour la pratique AS - Rev Prat. 55(11):1229-34, 2005 Jun 15 JC - t1d, 0404334 SB - IM CP - France PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Rare Diseases
KW  - *Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - critical reading
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Statistics
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1229
EP  - 1234
JF  - Revue du Praticien.Vol.56(15)()(pp 1693-1694), 2006.Date of Publication: 15 OCT 2006.
J1  - Revue du Praticien
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
SN  - 0035-2640
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1181
T1  - [Strategy of specialization in family medicine in the Mexican Institute of Social Security]. [Spanish]
A1  - Chavez,Aguilar,V
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16089289 IN - Division de Programas Educativos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. victor.chavez@imss.gob.mx OT - Especializacion en medicina familiar, modalidad semipresencial en el IMSS AS - REV. MED. INST. MEX. SEGURO SOC.. 43(2):175-80, 2005 Mar-Apr JC - 101243727 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - Academies and Institutes
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - Article
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mexico
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 180
JF  - Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
N2  - The main characteristics of the specialization course in Family Medicine given at the IMSS since March 2002 are described. We show the epistemological and methodological principles that support the plan of studies. The most important are a closer relationship between theory and practice, the development of clinical aptitudes through the study of problematic clinical cases, and methodological aptitudes such as the development of critical reading of theoretical texts and bibliographic and operative research. This continuing education strategy not only lowers the costs of formal education but also contributes to increasing the quality of medical care given at the first level family medical units
SN  - 0443-5117
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1182
T1  - Information seeking and compliance in planning for critical care: community-based health outreach to seniors about advance directives
A1  - Clarke,P.
A1  - Evans,S.H.
A1  - Shook,D.
A1  - Johanson,W.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15918788 IN - Annenberg School for Communication and Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0281, USA. chmc@usc.edu AS - Health Commun. 18(1):1-22, 2005 JC - dr9, 8908762 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S NO - R01 HS09232-02 (AHCPR) LG - English
KW  - *Advance Care Planning/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Counseling
KW  - *Health Services for the Aged/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - *Life Support Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Advance Care Planning/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - choice
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community-Institutional Relations
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - self
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
JF  - Health Communication
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
N2  - This field experiment in 3 states investigated factors that encourage seniors to explore critical-care choices and to complete an advance directive when approached through a community-based outreach. The intervention featured a detailed, home-based guide and subsequent telephone counseling. Seniors were contacted through established community organizations such as church or service groups, residential centers, and retirement associations. Results disclosed the importance of cognitive variables (participants' sense of a future vulnerable self and efficacy of advance planning for care) in explaining which seniors requested a guide. Compliance in completing a directive, however, depended solely on different patterns of reading the guide and talking about critical care. Neither information seeking nor completing a directive correlated with participants' actual health status
SN  - 1041-0236
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1183
T1  - A linguistic framework for assessing the quality of written patient information: its use in assessing methotrexate information for rheumatoid arthritis
A1  - Clerehan,R.
A1  - Buchbinder,R.
A1  - Moodie,J.
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15494359 IN - Language and Learning Services Unit, Centre for Learning and Teaching Support, PO Box 10, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia AS - Health Educ Res. 20(3):334-44, 2005 Jun JC - bqp, 8608459 SB - T CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Antirheumatic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Arthritis,Rheumatoid/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Linguistics
KW  - *Methotrexate/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Patient Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - 0 (Antirheumatic Agents)
KW  - 59-05-2 (Methotrexate)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Arthritis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior
KW  - content
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pamphlets
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - patients
KW  - quality
KW  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
KW  - Role
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - words
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 334
EP  - 344
JF  - Health Education Research
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
N2  - Patient information leaflets are an important adjunct to verbal exchange between doctor and patient. Their value is dependent upon whether they contain useful information from the viewpoint of the patient and are easily understood. We developed a framework based upon linguistic theory for assessing the quality of written patient information and applied it to a set of leaflets about methotrexate treatment. Items included the overall structure of the text, the technicality of the vocabulary used, the number of content words per clause ('lexical density'), and the clarity of the role relationship between author and reader. The leaflets consisted of up to nine identifiable sections (range 3-8): background information about the drug, summary of its use, dosage instructions, outline of benefits and side-effects, monitoring information, constraints on patient behavior, storage instructions, and clinical contact availability. Most leaflets contained a high number of content words per clause and the identity of the author was clear in only three (17%). Linguistic analysis provides highly relevant information about written patient information. Together with critical assessment of factual and visual aspects, consideration of key linguistic features should improve the quality of informational texts for our patients
SN  - 0268-1153
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1184
T1  - [Critical reading ability in research during medical internship]. [Spanish]
A1  - Cobos,Aguilar H.
A1  - Insfran,Sanchez,M.D.
A1  - Perez,Cortez P.
A1  - Elizaldi Lozano,N.E.
A1  - Hernandez,Davila E.
A1  - Barrera,Monita J.
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16089281 IN - Instituto Mexicano de Seguro Social, Delegacion Nuevo Leon. educanl@sysop.com.mx OT - Lectura critica de investigacion en el internado de pregrado en hospitales generales AS - REV. MED. INST. MEX. SEGURO SOC.. 43(2):117-24, 2005 Mar-Apr JC - 101243727 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Reading
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Exposure
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 124
JF  - Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate level of development that medical interns achieve, before graduating, in critical reading ability during their internship in five general hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the academic year, we compared the initial and final scores of critical reading of medical interns before graduation in five general hospitals in IMSS. An instrument using 98 items that explored interpretation, judgment and proposal was developed and validated by four medical education researchers. In hospitals 1, 4, and 5, professors developed active-participative strategies related to critical reading in clinical research. In Hospital 2, no course was given and in Hospital 3, a traditional course (mainly clinical exposure) was offered. RESULTS: The final global scores were better for those students in Hospitals 1, 4 and 5 versus Hospitals 2 and 3 (median: 31, 29, 31 versus 9 and 24) (Kruskal-Wallis < 0.05). Initial and final differences in global and interpretation, judgment and proposal were also better in those same students. CONCLUSIONS: Active-participative educational strategies may develop the ability for critical reading of clinical research in internship and these strategies must be included in the curriculum during internship
SN  - 0443-5117
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1185
T1  - Attention and reading skills
A1  - Commodari,E.
A1  - Guarnera,M.
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15974348 IN - University of Catania. brucomm@tiscalinet.it AS - Percept Mot Skills. 100(2):375-86, 2005 Apr JC - ozb, 0401131 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Achievement
KW  - *Attention
KW  - *Language Tests
KW  - *Reading
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - cognitive abilities
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Contrast
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - High School
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Neuropsychological Tests
KW  - Observation
KW  - Performance
KW  - play
KW  - progress
KW  - Reaction Time
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Visual Perception
KW  - Wechsler Scales
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 375
EP  - 386
JF  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
VL  - 100
IS  - 2
N2  - Attention plays a critical role in information processing. Its adequate functioning is required for correct development of complex cognitive abilities and regular scholastic progress. Children with attention deficits often have difficulties in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The present study investigated interactions among reading skills, overall scholastic performance as rated by teachers, and components of attention: visual reaction time, simple immediate span of attention, and selectivity. The sample was 98 students in the first and second years of public junior high school (age range 11-14 years, M = 12.6, SD = 1.2), i.e., with expected already well-established reading. Reading was evaluated using Comprehension, Accuracy, and Speed tests. Overall scholastic performance was obtained by means of teachers' ratings. Simple Reaction Time, Digit Span, and Color-Word Interference, included in a multitask computerized test, assessed attention. Analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the reading skills are strongly predictive of the Scholastic Assessment rated by the teachers. High scholastic ratings were correlated with Reading Speed and Accuracy rather than Reading Comprehension. Poor readers showed worse performances on the Digit Span test which measures simple immediate span of attention. Good and poor readers obtained a similar score on the Color-Word Interference task. This observation seems to contrast with the more common interpretation of this effect, suggesting that reading is an automatic process and, therefore, the semantic dimension overcomes the controlled perceptual one. According to other studies, an alternative explanation is suggested. In conclusion, present results confirm the hypothesis of a strong link among reading speed and accuracy, scholastic assessment as rated by teachers, simple immediate span of attention, and visual reaction time
SN  - 0031-5125
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1186
T1  - A systematic approach to medical decision-making of uncommon clinical pictures: a case of ulcerative skin lesions by palm tree thorn injury and a one-year follow-up
A1  - Corrao,S.
A1  - D'Alia,R.
A1  - Caputo,S.
A1  - Arnone,S.
A1  - Pardo,G.B.
A1  - Jefferson,T.
Y1  - 2005/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16403709 IN - Unit of Clinical Methodology, Epidemiology and Statistics, A.R.N.A.S. Civico e Benfratelli Hospital Trust, Palermo, Italy. s.corrao@tiscali.it AS - Med Inform Internet Med. 30(3):203-10, 2005 Sep JC - 100883495, dcs SB - IM CP - England PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Leg Ulcer/dh [Diet Therapy]
KW  - *Medical Informatics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis,Differential
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Injury
KW  - Internet
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Leg Ulcer/et [Etiology]
KW  - Leg Ulcer/pa [Pathology]
KW  - Leg Ulcer/th [Therapy]
KW  - Leg/pa [Pathology]
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Rural Area
KW  - Rural Areas
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Therapeutic Processes
KW  - Time
KW  - Trust
KW  - Wounds,Penetrating/im [Immunology]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 210
JF  - Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
N2  - In clinical practice, the clinician is challenged with symptoms and/or signs at times apparently insoluble by diagnostic and/or therapeutic means. We propose that in these cases, we have to use an EBM approach in which evidence may be looked up in every available clinical report and bibliographic databases are used for searching that evidence. We report on a case of ulcerative skin lesions apparently insoluble by expert dermatologists following a conventional diagnostic and therapeutic process. We use this case report for illustrating a systematic approach to resolve diagnostic and therapeutic questions using a bibliographic database search (like MEDLINE and EMBASE). Both a systematic approach to bibliographic databases and a critically appraised topic on case reports (or case series) are needed to 'rehabilitate' low-level evidences (that is a case report or case series) to a higher level when we approach decision-making of uncommon clinical pictures. We demonstrate the possibility of using bibliographic databases to search and retrieve useful information for decision-making of uncommon clinical pictures. The method we have proposed can be applied in every area of the world, especially in rural areas. Finally, an Internet-shared database of uncommon clinical pictures with critically appraised topics could be useful in saving more time
SN  - 1463-9238
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1187
T1  - Appraising qualitative research articles in medicine and medical education
A1  - Cote,L.
A1  - Turgeon,J.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16147774 IN - Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. luc.cote@fmed.ulaval.ca AS - Med Teach. 27(1):71-5, 2005 Jan JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Collection/st [Standards]
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
EP  - 75
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - Although qualitative research is gaining recognition in medicine and in medical education, most clinical teachers do not know how to perform a critical appraisal of articles in these fields. This article describes a grid for the critical appraisal of qualitative research articles so that clinical teachers are in a better position to evaluate this type of research and to teach the critical appraisal of it. The grid is comprised of 12 items with an explanation and suggestions for additional reading for each item
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1188
T1  - Evidence-based practice in provision of amplification. [Review] [25 refs]
A1  - Cox,R.M.
Y1  - 2005/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16295230 IN - University of Memphis, TN, USA. robyncox@memphis.edu AS - J Am Acad Audiol. 16(7):419-38, 2005 Jul-Aug JC - 9114646, a9k SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Audiology
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hearing
KW  - Hearing Aids
KW  - Hearing Loss/rh [Rehabilitation]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - progress
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 419
EP  - 438
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been widely embraced in many health-care fields as a way of maintaining currency of knowledge and state-of-the-art treatment recommendations in an age of information abundance and rapid scientific progress. Although the principles of EBP are slowly entering the specialties of communication disorders, they are not well known or extensively employed as yet. In this article, the rationale for EBP is presented and differences between EBP and traditional practice are highlighted. The five-step process of EBP is described: defining the problem, searching for evidence, critically appraising the evidence, formulating a recommendation, and assessing the outcome. Critical appraisal calls for determination of the validity, clinical significance, and applicability of evidence. Each of these topics is explored with emphasis placed on the application of EBP to hearing rehabilitation. Finally some suggestions are offered for researchers and practitioners to facilitate a transition to EBP in amplification provision. [References: 25]
SN  - 1050-0545
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1189
T1  - Academic administrators' attitudes towards interprofessional education in Canadian schools of health professional education
A1  - Curran,V.R.
A1  - Deacon,D.R.
A1  - Fleet,L.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16096147 IN - Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada. vcurran@mun.ca AS - J Interprof Care. 19 Suppl 1:76-86, 2005 May JC - 9205811 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Administrative Personnel/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Education,Professional/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Health Occupations/ed [Education]
KW  - *Schools,Health Occupations
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - competency
KW  - Cooperative Behavior
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Patient Care Team
KW  - Patient-Centered Care
KW  - Perception
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 86
JF  - Journal of Interprofessional Care.1997 Apr; 11(1): 23-34.(42 ref)
J1  - Journal of Interprofessional Care
VL  - 19
N2  - Interprofessional education is an approach to educating and training students and practitioners from different health professions to work in a collaborative manner in providing client and/or patient-centred care. The introduction and successful implementation of this educational approach is dependent on a variety of factors, including the attitudes of students, faculty, senior academic administrators (e.g., deans and directors) and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork and interprofessional education amongst academic administrators of post-secondary health professional education programs in Canada. A web-based questionnaire in English and French was distributed via e-mail messaging during January 2004 to academic administrators in Canada representing medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work, occupational therapy and physiotherapy post-secondary educational programs. Responses were sought on attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork and interprofessional education, as well as opinions regarding barriers to interprofessional education and subject areas that lend themselves to interprofessional education. In general, academic administrators responding to the survey hold overall positive attitudes towards interprofessional teamwork and interprofessional education practices, and the results indicate there were no significant differences between professions in relation to these attitudinal perspectives. The main barriers to interprofessional education were problems with scheduling/calendar, rigid curriculum, turf battles and lack of perceived value. The main pre-clinical subject areas which respondents believed would lend themselves to interprofessional education included community health/prevention, ethics, communications, critical appraisal, and epidemiology. The results of this study suggest that a favourable perception of both interprofessional teamwork and interprofessional education exists amongst academic administrators of Canadian health professional education programs. If this is the case, the post-secondary system in Canada is primed for the introduction of interprofessional education initiatives which support the development of client and patient-centred collaborative practice competencies
SN  - 1356-1820
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1190
T1  - Are students' beliefs about knowledge and learning associated with their reported use of learning strategies?
A1  - Dahl,T.I.
A1  - Bals,M.
A1  - Turi,A.L.
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16033666 IN - Department of Psychology, University of Tromso, Norway. tdahl@psyk.uit.no AS - Br J Educ Psychol. 75(Pt 2):257-73, 2005 Jun JC - awn, 0370636 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Culture
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Students/px [Psychology]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Norway
KW  - psychology
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Regression
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2
EP  - 73
JF  - British Journal of Educational Psychology
VL  - 75
IS  - Pt:2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Although considerable research has examined beliefs and learning outcomes (e.g. Schommer, 1990, 1993a, 1993b; Schommer & Dunnell, 1997), little has looked at the relationship between beliefs and the actual learning process. AIMS: This research examines the relationship between beliefs about learning and knowledge, and reports of learning strategy-use relevant for successful text comprehension. SAMPLE: Participants were 81 Norwegian university students who had studied from 1 to 4 years in a range of disciplines. METHOD: Students' beliefs about knowledge and learning were measured with the Schommer Epistemological Questionnaire (SEQ; Schommer, 1998b). Learning strategies particularly useful for text-based learning were measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ; Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991). A correlational analysis between measures and full regression analyses of how beliefs influence strategy selection were performed. RESULTS: Beliefs about how thoroughly knowledge is integrated in networks (simple) and how fixed the ability to learn is from birth (fixed) contributed significantly to reported strategy use: Simple to rehearsal and organizational strategies, fixed to elaboration and critical thinking strategies, and a combination of simple and fixed to strategies relevant to the thoughtful monitoring of learning tasks. Beliefs about how certain knowledge is (certain) and how quickly learning can be expected to occur (quick) were not found to contribute to reported learning- strategy use in any significant way. CONCLUSION: Some, but not all, beliefs about knowledge and learning offer insight into students' reported use of learning strategies relevant for reading course literature
SN  - 0007-0998
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1191
T1  - Developing a journal club in the community setting
A1  - Dobrzanska,L.
A1  - Cromack,D.
Y1  - 2005/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16116398 IN - Bradford City Teaching PCT, Bradford. linda.dobrzanska@bradford.nhs.uk AS - Br J Community Nurs. 10(8):374, 376-7, 2005 Aug JC - 9815827 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - City
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Funding
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Community
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 374
EP  - 377
JF  - British Journal of Community Nursing.2005 May; 10(5): 228-32.(38 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Community Nursing
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
N2  - Nurses are required to deliver care based on current evidence, best practice and, where it is available, validated research. A senior staff nurse in an 18-bed community hospital in North Bradford primary care trust identified a gap whereby there were no defined processes to address the lack of evidence-based material, look at new evidence or provide a forum to discuss new ideas. Following a meeting with the trust's research facilitator, the idea of setting up a journal club began to take shape. Funding was obtained via a small grant from the Foundation of Nursing Studies. Various approaches were undertaken to increase attendance, and although the purpose of establishing a journal club within a community setting was clear, the reality was very different. A new approach was eventually found to be successful, and is described here so that it may help other people in similar settings develop and run a journal club
SN  - 1462-4753
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1192
T1  - [Long-term benefits of a postgraduate programme in clinical epidemiology. The study programme "clinical evaluation" of the University of Marburg]. [German]
A1  - Donner-Banzhoff,N.
A1  - Brucks,U.
A1  - Schade-Brittinger,C.
A1  - Muller,H.H.
A1  - Klinische,Evaluation
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16277061 IN - Abteilung furAllgemeinmedizin, Rehabilitative und Praventive Medizin, Universitat Marburg. norbert@med.uni-marburg.de OT - Langzeit-Nutzen eines Postgraduierten- Programms in Klinischer Epidemiologie: Das Studienprogramm "Klinische Evaluation" der Universitat Marburg AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 99(7):449-54, 2005 JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - German
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/td [Trends]
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Germany
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - researchers
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 449
EP  - 454
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 99
IS  - 7
N2  - In 1997 the first Clinical Epidemiology Programme in Germany was founded at the University of Marburg. This has been a part-time programme of six months' duration for young medical researchers interested in study planning, conduct and analysis. We report the results of focus group evaluations undertaken at the end of each programme which is held every year. We also surveyed former participants by phone to assess long-term effects of the programme. Overall, according to participants' feedback the programme has been a success. In particular, competences in study planning and critical appraisal were considered useful. However, participants reported difficulties implementing their newly gained knowledge and skills within their home departments. Postgraduate programmes of this kind catalyze the establishment of clinical research at German University Medical Centres
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1193
T1  - Critically appraising quantitative research
A1  - Duffy,J.R.
Y1  - 2005/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16271135 IN - The Catholic University of America, School of Nursing, Washington DC 20064, USA. duffy@cua.edu AS - Nurs Health Sci. 7(4):281-3, 2005 Dec JC - dov, 100891857 SB - IM, N CP - Australia PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Nursing Education Research
KW  - *Nursing Faculty Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - America
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education,Nursing,Graduate
KW  - Education,Nursing/st [Standards]
KW  - Education,Nursing/td [Trends]
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Female
KW  - frameworks
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Faculty Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Quantitative Studies
KW  - Quantitative Study
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 281
EP  - 283
JF  - Nursing & Health Sciences
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
N2  - Critical appraisal of quantitative research is a skill that is necessary for adequate evidence-based practice. This paper describes critical appraisal and offers a process for its implementation. Four categories of quantitative studies are reviewed and associated links to relevant critical appraisal frameworks are provided. The implications for students, nursing faculty members, and practicing nurses are discussed
SN  - 1441-0745
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1194
T1  - Resources for critically appraising qualitative research evidence for nursing practice clinical question
A1  - Duffy,M.E.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16294052 IN - Center for Nursing Research, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, MA 02467, USA. duffy@bc.edu AS - Clin Nurse Spec. 19(6):288-90, 2005 Nov-Dec JC - cll, 8709115 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Qualitative Research
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 288
EP  - 290
JF  - Clinical Nurse Specialist.1998 May; 12(3): 122-31.(28 ref)
J1  - Clinical Nurse Specialist
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
SN  - 0887-6274
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1195
T1  - Resources for critically appraising quantitative research evidence for nursing practice. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Duffy,M.E.
Y1  - 2005/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16179852 IN - Center for Nursing Research, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA. duffy@bc.edu AS - Clin Nurse Spec. 19(5):233-5, 2005 Sep-Oct JC - cll, 8709115 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evaluation Studies
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/ed [Education]
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 233
EP  - 235
JF  - Clinical Nurse Specialist.1998 May; 12(3): 122-31.(28 ref)
J1  - Clinical Nurse Specialist
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
SN  - 0887-6274
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1196
T1  - [Documentary research and self-instruction. Critical reading of a medical article. Practice guidelines. Part 2: documentary research and self-instruction]. [French]
A1  - Eveillard,P.
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15966426 IN - pheveillard@jbbsante.fr OT - Recherche documentaire et autoformation. Lecture critique d'un article medical. Recommandations pour la pratique. Les maladies orphelines. 2e partie--Recherche documentaire et autoformation AS - Rev Prat. 55(7):799-801, 2005 Apr 15 JC - t1d, 0404334 SB - IM CP - France PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - *Programmed Instruction
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - Article
KW  - critical reading
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 799
EP  - 801
JF  - Revue du Praticien.Vol.56(15)()(pp 1693-1694), 2006.Date of Publication: 15 OCT 2006.
J1  - Revue du Praticien
VL  - 55
IS  - 7
SN  - 0035-2640
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1197
T1  - How to teach evidence-based surgery
A1  - Fingerhut,A.
A1  - Borie,F.
A1  - Dziri,C.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827837 IN - Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Poissy, France. AbeFinger@aol.com AS - World J Surg. 29(5):592-5, 2005 May JC - xo8, 7704052 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Surgery
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer
KW  - Concepts
KW  - conflict
KW  - Countries
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - France
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Translating
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 592
EP  - 595
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - The objectives of teaching evidence-based surgery (EBS) are to inform and convince that EBS is a method of interrogation, reasoning, appraisal, and application of information to guide physicians in their decisions to best treat their patients. Asking the right, answerable questions, translating them into effective searches for the best evidence, critically appraising evidence for its validity and importance, and then integrating EBS with their patients' values and preferences are daily chores for all surgeons. Teaching and learning EBS should be patient-centered, learner-centered, and active and interactive. The teacher should be a model for students to become an expert clinician who is able to match and take advantage of the clinical setting and circumstances to ask and to answer appropriate questions. The process is multistaged.Teaching EBS in small groups is ideal. However, it is time-consuming for the faculty and must be clearly and formally structured. As well, evidence-based medicine (EBM) courses must cater to local institutional needs, must receive broad support from the instructors and the providers of information (librarians and computer science faculty), use proven methodologies, and avoid scheduling conflicts. In agreement with others, we believe that the ideal moment to introduce the concepts of EBM into the curriculum of the medical student is early, during the first years of medical school. Afterward, it should be continued every year. When this is not the case, as in many countries, it becomes the province of the surgeon in teaching hospitals, whether they are at the university, are university-affiliated, or not, to fulfill this role
SN  - 0364-2313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1198
T1  - Overcoming barriers and promoting the use of research in practice.[see comment]
A1  - Fink,R.
A1  - Thompson,C.J.
A1  - Bonnes,D.
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15761309 IN - University of Colorado Hospital, 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA. regina.fink@uch.edu CM - Comment in: J Nurs Adm. 2005 Dec;35(12):517-8; PMID: 16344641 AS - J Nurs Adm. 35(3):121-9, 2005 Mar JC - jel, 1263116 SB - AIM, IM, N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Nursing Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Communication
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,University
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Models,Psychological
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Attitudes
KW  - Nurse's Role/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Organizations
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - research culture
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Semantic Differential
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Time Management
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
EP  - 129
JF  - Journal of Nursing Administration
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To identify changes in nurse attitudes toward research utilization and the organization's research environment preimplementation and postimplementation of a multifaceted intervention to promote the use of research in practice. BACKGROUND: Nursing practice based on research evidence has been shown to promote positive patient outcomes. Personal characteristics such as positive attitudes and involvement have been positively correlated with research utilization. Organizational culture is a determinant of nurses' use of research in practice. Healthcare organizations must develop a supportive environment in an effort to attract nurses who share a similar philosophy to positively influence the organization's research culture and ultimately the care patients receive. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, presurvey and postsurvey design was used to identify inpatient nurses' personal and professional characteristics, perceptions of organizational culture, and the effectiveness of organizational strategies. Baseline and post implementation data were collected using the BARRIERS to Research Utilization Scale and the Research Factor Questionnaire. RESULTS: There was improvement in nurses' perception of barriers and organizational culture postimplementation of the multifaceted intervention. Journal club participation was one of the key strategies that facilitated research utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Moving research findings into practice is important for the nursing profession. Barriers to the use of research findings in practice must be modified. A dialogue between administration and staff about how to remove the barriers is critical
SN  - 0002-0443
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1199
T1  - Physicians' ability to diagnose sepsis in newborns and critically ill children. [Review] [26 refs]
A1  - Fischer,J.E.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15857544 IN - Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland AS - Pediatr Crit Care Med. 6(3 Suppl):S120-5, 2005 May JC - 100954653 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Critical Illness
KW  - *Sepsis/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - 0 (Biological Markers)
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biological Markers/an [Analysis]
KW  - Catheterization/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Child
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - children
KW  - Classification
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Cross Infection/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Cross Infection/et [Etiology]
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Infection
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - Intensive Care Units,Pediatric
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - Model
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Probability
KW  - Receiver Operating Characteristic
KW  - Review
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - Sepsis/et [Etiology]
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 5
JF  - Pediatric Critical Care Medicine.Vol.8(1)()(pp 50-53), 2007.
J1  - Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 6
IS  - 3:Suppl
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To elucidate physicians' ability to correctly diagnose infection in critically ill children in three different situations: 1) post hoc adjudication (e.g., ward rounds, outcome determination in surveillance studies or controlled trials), 2) when decisions must be made (e.g., sepsis workup in suspected infection), c) and applying suggested adult consensus conference definitions in children. METHOD: Appraisal of two previously published studies and a data simulation model. SETTING: Data of the reviewed studies were obtained from a multidisciplinary neonatal and a pediatric intensive care unit in tertiary hospitals. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN RESULTS: In the first study reviewed, the post hoc adjudication of 167 consecutive cases of suspected infection was carried out by a fifth-year medical student and three senior consultants. The agreement of the three experts beyond chance in the 119 episodes not classifiable unanimously by a priori defined criteria into proven sepsis or no infection was poor. In the second study reviewed, the physicians provided daily predictions of the likelihood of infection (pretest probability) in premature infants and critically ill children (2567 hospitalization days). Estimated pretest probabilities provided at the time of sepsis workup showed a remarkable predictive accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.85). In the simulation model, in which catheter-related sepsis was assumed, correct classification of patients from a central and a peripheral culture decreased to 56% when a sensitivity of 70%-80% was assumed for blood cultures and amounted to 15% only when a sensitivity of 30%-50% was imputed. CONCLUSION: Misclassification is a serious threat in post hoc adjudication of episodes or when consensus definitions rely on the application of criteria with imperfect sensitivity (e.g., the positivity of blood cultures in premature infants or children). This underscores the need to use probability-based categorizations such as probable and possible infection. [References: 26]
SN  - 1529-7535
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1200
T1  - Fostering the scholarship of discovery and integration for advanced practice education
A1  - Fisher,E.M.
A1  - Riley,T.A.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16430001 IN - University of Akron College of Nursing, Ohio, USA. efisher@uakron.edu AS - Nurs Educ Perspect. 26(6):348-50, 2005 Nov-Dec JC - 101140025 SB - N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Research/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - College
KW  - Cooperative Behavior
KW  - Creativeness
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Holistic Health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/ed [Education]
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nurse Practitioners/ed [Education]
KW  - Nurse Practitioners/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Nurse Practitioners/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Physiology/ed [Education]
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 348
EP  - 350
JF  - Nursing Education Perspectives
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
N2  - Graduate faculty are challenged to foster the scholarship of discovery and integration in their students. Fostering this scholarship requires that faculty critically analyze their approach to teaching and learning with the ultimate goal of helping students grow exponentially in ways that will continue after completion of their course or class. This article describes a course activity designed to enhance students' abilities to read, critique, and apply literature from multiple scientific disciplines to a clinical realm while maintaining their focus on their health-related scientific discipline. Applied to a course in advanced pathophysiology, the course activity described is amenable for adoption to multiple graduate-level courses and encourages individual, collective, and practice-specific growth
SN  - 1536-5026
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1201
T1  - The Old Medical-Surgical Journal Club, 1956-2004: A legacy of Delaware's Academy of Medicine
A1  - Frelick,R.W.
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15940980 AS - Del Med J. 77(3):107-9, 2005 Mar JC - e0b, 0370077 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/hi [History]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Societies,Medical/hi [History]
KW  - Article
KW  - Delaware
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - History,21st Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Surgery
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 109
JF  - Delaware Medical Journal
VL  - 77
IS  - 3
SN  - 0011-7781
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1202
T1  - [Neonatal neurology decision-making starting from systematic reviews of Cochrane Collaboration]. [Spanish]
A1  - Gonzalez De,Dios J.
Y1  - 2005/04/16/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15861325 IN - Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Universitario San Juan, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain. gonzalez_jav@gva.es OT - Toma de decisiones en Neurologia neonatal a traves de las revisiones sistematicas de la Colaboracion Cochrane AS - Rev Neurol. 40(8):453-9, 2005 Apr 16-30 JC - cg9, 7706841 SB - IM CP - Spain PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Bibliometrics
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Infant,Newborn
KW  - *Neonatology
KW  - *Neurology
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conflict
KW  - Countries
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Opiate
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Seizure
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 453
EP  - 459
JF  - Revista de Neurologia
VL  - 40
IS  - 8
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provides growing and readily accessible resource to help that decision-making care is based on detailed, critical, and current reviews of the best available evidence. There are many clinical questions for which there is no good evidence on which to base clinical practice. AIM: To analyse the bibliometric characteristics of the systematic reviews (SR) about neonatal neurology published in Neonatal CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bibliometric analysis of The Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews in Neonatal CC, Issue 1, 2004 (n = 169 SR). The dependent variable registered in each SR was subject area of study (mainly neurology subject area) and the rest of variables were considered independent: authors (number and country), dates (late review and update), characteristics of included clinical trials (number and type), characteristics of the newborns included (number and gestational age), reviewer's conclusions and potential conflicts of interest. RESULTS: Neurology was the third most important subject area in Neonatal CC (13 SR), after the subject area of respiratory (73 SR) and gastroenterology-nutrition (26 RS). We identified three selective clusters of secondary investigation in neonatal neurology SR: intraventricular haemorrhage (4 SR), perinatal asphyxia (4 SR) and opiate withdrawal syndrome (2 SR). The number of clinical trials (median 4), patients (median 193), update (46%), sufficient conclusion (54%) and potential conflicts of interest (8 %) in each SR is similar to the rest of SR in Neonatal CC; the only difference we found is less preterm infants (15%) in this SR. All the SR are about interventions for the treatment or prevention of diseases, and we don't found any review about diagnostic tests. CONCLUSIONS: At the moment, the neonatal neurology SR published in Neonatal CC are infrequent and almost half of them the reviewer's conclusions are insufficient for inferring probable effects in clinical practice. Many therapies in neonatal neurology persist without supportive evidence, and some common therapies may actually be harmful, and these are the conclusions found in SR about intraventricular haemorrhage. We detected no SR about important neuropediatric themes in neonatal period: hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular leukomalacia, neonatal seizures, hypotonia, etc
SN  - 0210-0010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1203
T1  - Readiness and capacity of librarians in public libraries to implement a breast cancer outreach and screening campaign in medically underserved communities
A1  - Goytia,E.J.
A1  - Rapkin,B.
A1  - Weiss,E.S.
A1  - Golub,D.
A1  - Guzman,V.
A1  - O'Connor,M.
A1  - New York Literacy Task Force
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16327746 IN - Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. goytiae@mskcc.org AS - Cancer Control. 12 Suppl 2:13-20, 2005 Nov JC - dlg, 9438457 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Breast Neoplasms
KW  - *Community-Institutional Relations
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Libraries/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Mass Screening/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Control
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - control
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - Health Education/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Health Services Accessibility/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Medically Underserved Area
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - New York
KW  - New York City
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 20
JF  - Cancer Control
VL  - 12
N2  - Community-based partnerships are an important means of addressing cancer health disparities in medically underserved communities. Public libraries may be ideal partners in this effort. To assess the readiness and capacity of a public library system to implement cancer recruitment and outreach campaigns, 58 librarians in the Queens Borough Public Library System in New York completed self-administered questionnaires before and after a training on breast health, cancer, and screening. Results indicate that they are interested in participating in a cancer outreach campaign and feel it is a critical need in their community. Many librarians lacked the knowledge about cancer and cancer information resources needed to participate optimally. Nevertheless, librarians provide a cultural bridge to medically underserved communities. Partnering with a public library system to improve access to care has great potential, yet a number of challenges need to be overcome
SN  - 1073-2748
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1204
T1  - An evidence-based journal club for dental residents in a GPR program
A1  - Grant,W.D.
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15947214 IN - State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, USA. GrantW@upstate.edu AS - J Dent Educ. 69(6):681-6, 2005 Jun JC - hy7, 8000150 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *General Practice,Dental/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Databases
KW  - Dental Research
KW  - educational experience
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - New York
KW  - Peer Review,Research
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Resident
KW  - Terminology
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 681
EP  - 686
JF  - Journal of Dental Education
VL  - 69
IS  - 6
N2  - The journal club offers a significant opportunity to serve as both an educational experience but also as a real-world example of the application of the principles and practices of evidence-based dentistry (EBD). Designed around the American Dental Association's recommended four steps in the implementation of the EBD process, the journal clubs are held once per month for GPR residents. The structured process allows residents to formulate answerable clinical questions, track down with maximum efficiency the best evidence with which to answer the questions, critically appraise the evidence for its validity and usefulness, and apply the results of this appraisal in clinical practice as appropriate
SN  - 0022-0337
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1205
T1  - Evidence-based clinical improvement for mechanically ventilated patients
A1  - Hampton,D.C.
A1  - Griffith,D.
A1  - Howard,A.
Y1  - 2005/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15999861 IN - Critical Care/Telemetry/Transitional & Interventional Care, Saint Joseph Healthcare, Lexington, KY, USA. DHampton@sjhlex.org AS - Rehabil Nurs. 30(4):160-5, 2005 Jul-Aug JC - 8104825, r25 SB - N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Intensive Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Respiration,Artificial/st [Standards]
KW  - *Total Quality Management/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - Bed
KW  - Conscious Sedation/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Conscious Sedation/st [Standards]
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - events
KW  - grouping
KW  - Head
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Length of Stay/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nursing Assessment/mt [Methods]
KW  - Nursing Assessment/st [Standards]
KW  - Nursing Evaluation Research
KW  - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care Planning/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - patients
KW  - Peptic Ulcer/et [Etiology]
KW  - Peptic Ulcer/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Posture
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Respiration,Artificial/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Respiration,Artificial/mo [Mortality]
KW  - Respiration,Artificial/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Study
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - Time
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
KW  - Venous Thrombosis/et [Etiology]
KW  - Venous Thrombosis/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Ventilator
KW  - Ventilator Weaning/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Ventilator Weaning/st [Standards]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
JF  - Rehabilitation Nursing
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
N2  - Bundling or grouping together evidence-based interventions to improve care for the mechanically ventilated patient was piloted by a 10-bed medical-surgical critical care unit of a hospital. The bundled care interventions included: (a) keeping the head of bed elevated at 30 degrees, (b) instituting daily interruption of continuous sedative infusion, (c) assessing readiness to wean using a rapid-wean assessment guide, (d) initiating deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, and (e) implementing peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis. The interventions were implemented using a plan-do-check-act quality-improvement methodology. Results indicated that the use of bundled interventions for mechanically ventilated patients could decrease average ventilator times and average length of stay with no concomitant increase in reintubations. Average mortality rates and the number of adverse events per 100 patient days also were reduced
SN  - 0278-4807
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1206
T1  - [Systemic validation of clinical practice guidelines: the AGREE network]. [French]
A1  - Hannes,K.
A1  - Van,Royen P.
A1  - Aertgeerts,B.
A1  - Buntinx,F.
A1  - Ramaekers,D.
A1  - Chevalier,P.
Y1  - 2005/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16457396 IN - Centre Belge d'Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBAM). karin.hannes@med.kuleuven.ac.be OT - La validation systematique de guides de pratique clinique: l'instrument AGREE, elaboration et diffusion d'une liste internationale de criteres AS - Rev Med Liege. 60(12):949-56, 2005 Dec JC - sm9, 0404317 SB - IM CP - Belgium PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - European Union
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 949
EP  - 956
JF  - Revue Medicale de Liege
VL  - 60
IS  - 12
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Over recent decades, the number of available clinical practice guidelines has enormously grown. Guidelines should meet specific quality criteria to ensure good quality. There is a growing need for the developement of a set of criteria to ensure that potential biases inherent in guideline development have been properly addressed and that the recommendations for practice are valid and reliable. AIM: The AGREE-collaboration is an international network that developed an instrument to critically appraise the methodological quality of guidelines. AGREE promotes a clear strategy to produce, disseminate and evaluate guidelines of high quality. METHOD: In the first phase of the international project the AGREE-instrument was tested in 11 different countries. Based on this experience the instrument was refined and optimised. In the second phase it was disseminated, promoted and evaluated in 18 participating countries. Belgium was one of them. RESULTS: The Belgian partner in the AGREE-project developed 3 workshops and established 13 validation committees to validate guidelines from Belgian developer groups. We collected 33 questionnaires from participants of the workshops and the validation committees, in which we asked for primary experiences and information on the usefulness and applicability of the instrument. We were also interested in the shortcomings of the instrument and potential strategies to bridge them. DISCUSSION: More efforts should be made to train methodological experts to gain certain skills for a critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines. Promoting the AGREE-instrument will lead to a broader knowledge and use of quality criteria in guideline development and appraisal. CONCLUSION: The development and dissemination of an international list of criteria to appraise the quality of guidelines will stimulate the development of methodologically sound guidelines. International comparisons between existing guidelines will lead to a better collaboration between guideline developers throughout the world
SN  - 0370-629X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1207
T1  - Factors influencing the choice of specialty of Australian medical graduates.[see comment]
A1  - Harris,M.G.
A1  - Gavel,P.H.
A1  - Young,J.R.
Y1  - 2005/09/19/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16167868 IN - National Health Workforce Secretariat, North Sydney, NSW, Australia. harris59@bigpond.com CM - Comment in: Med J Aust. 2006 Jan 16;184(2):92; PMID: 16411881 AS - Med J Aust. 183(6):295-300, 2005 Sep 19 JC - 0400714, m26 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Career Choice
KW  - *Specialties,Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Students,Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Australia
KW  - children
KW  - choice
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - content
KW  - Countries
KW  - Culture
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Skill
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 295
EP  - 300
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 183
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To identify the relative importance of extrinsic determinants of doctors' choice of specialty. DESIGN: A self-administered postal questionnaire. SETTING: Australian vocational training programs. PARTICIPANTS: 4259 Australian medical graduates registered in September 2002 with one of 16 Australian clinical colleges providing vocational training programs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Choice of specialist vocational training program; extrinsic factors influencing choice of program, and variation by sex, age, marital status and country of birth. RESULTS: In total, 79% of respondents rated "appraisal of own skills and aptitudes" as influential in their choice of specialty followed by "intellectual content of the specialty" (75%). Extrinsic factors rated as most influential were "work culture" (72%), "flexibility of working arrangements" (56%) and "hours of work" (54%). We observed variation across training programs in the importance ascribed to factors influencing choice of specialty, and by sex, age and marital status. Factors of particular importance to women, compared with men, were "appraisal of domestic circumstances" (odds ratio [OR], 1.9), "hours of work" (OR, 1.8) and "opportunity to work flexible hours" (OR, 2.6). Partnered doctors, compared with single doctors, rated "hours of work" and "opportunity to work flexible hours" as more important (OR, 1.3), while "domestic circumstances" was more important to doctors with children than those without children (OR, 1.7). In total, 80% of doctors had chosen their specialty by the end of the third year after graduation. CONCLUSIONS: Experience with discipline-based work cultures and working conditions occurs throughout medical school and the early postgraduate years, and most doctors choose their specialty during these years. It follows that interventions to influence doctors' choice of specialty need to target these critical years
SN  - 0025-729X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1208
T1  - Self-affirmation and the biased processing of threatening health-risk information
A1  - Harris,P.R.
A1  - Napper,L.
Y1  - 2005/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16055644 IN - Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, United Kingdom. p.harris@sheffield.ac.uk AS - Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 31(9):1250-63, 2005 Sep JC - 7809042 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Attitude to Health
KW  - *Health Education
KW  - *Persuasive Communication
KW  - *Self Concept
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Affect
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Alcohol Consumption
KW  - Alcoholism/co [Complications]
KW  - Alcoholism/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Breast Neoplasms/et [Etiology]
KW  - Breast Neoplasms/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Contrast
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Fear
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Imagination
KW  - Information
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - psychology
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Relative
KW  - Risk
KW  - Single-Blind Method
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1250
EP  - 1263
JF  - Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
VL  - 31
IS  - 9
N2  - Self-affirming before reading about the link between alcohol and breast cancer promoted increased message acceptance among young women at higher risk. Differences were maintained on variables measured up to 1 month later. Relative to their nonaffirmed counterparts, higher risk, self-affirmed participants had higher ratings of risk, imagination, intention to reduce alcohol consumption, and negative affect, such as fear, while reading the leaflet. In contrast, there were no differences between the groups on measures of broader message acceptance (belief in the link, evidence strength). Thus, self-affirmation promoted acceptance of the personal relevance of the message, a critical step in the precaution adoption process. Overall, the findings support the view that self-affirmation in an unrelated domain can offset defensive processing of a threatening health message, promoting central route persuasion and producing consequential and durable increases in message acceptance
SN  - 0146-1672
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1209
T1  - [EBM in pediatric surgery. Critical reading of articles. Treatment(I)].[erratum appears in Cir Pediatr. 2006 Jan;19(1):6]. [Spanish]
A1  - Ibanez,Pradas,V
A1  - Modesto,Alapont,V
Y1  - 2005/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16466141 IN - Unidad de Cirugia Pediatrica, Hospital General de Castellon, Hospital Infanil La Fe, Valencia OT - MBE en cirugia pediatrica. Lectura critica de articulos. Tratamiento (I) AS - Cir Pediatr. 18(4):159-64, 2005 Oct JC - 8900492, ave, 8900492 SB - IM CP - Spain PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Publishing/st [Standards]
KW  - *Surgical Procedures,Operative/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Pediatric Surgery
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Reading
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 164
JF  - Cirugia Pediatrica
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SN  - 0214-1221
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1210
T1  - Journal club: screen, select, probe & evaluate
A1  - Kanthraj,G.R.
A1  - Srinivas,C.R.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16394494 IN - Department of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India. kanthacad@yahoo.com AS - Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 71(6):435-40, 2005 Nov-Dec JC - 7701852 SB - IM CP - India PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dermatology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - India
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Screening
KW  - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
KW  - Skill
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 435
EP  - 440
JF  - Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology
VL  - 71
IS  - 6
N2  - Postgraduate dermatology training programs like seminars, panel discussions, and case presentations help residents to acquire knowledge. Journal club (JC) exercises help residents to update themselves with the current literature. What article a resident should choose and how a resident should evaluate and analyze an article or critically appraise a topic are issues that are most relevant for the success of a JC. Little guidance is available in the biomedical literature on how to deal with such issues. The objective of this article is to provide guidance to neophytes on dealing with JC exercises in a way that helps them in learning the critical appraisal skills. A review of the literature and of the author's experience in JC exercises will be presented. Knowing the methodology of rapid screening of articles along with the art of evaluating them, coupled with a sound knowledge of epidemiology and bio-statistics, helps a resident to select appropriate articles and discard poorly conceived or designed topics that may not generate interest in JC attendees. Hence, such an approach helps the resident in acquiring new knowledge in the shortest time. Choosing the right topic and then applying the newly obtained information to clinical practice, participants succeed in making the JC a valuable learning experience. Further, such well-formatted JCs help residents to improve the quality of health care delivered to patients
SN  - 0378-6323
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1211
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in pediatric residency programs: where are we now?
A1  - Kersten,H.B.
A1  - Randis,T.M.
A1  - Giardino,A.P.
Y1  - 2005/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16167855 IN - Department of Pediatrics (Dr Kersten), Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of General Pediatrics, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19134, USA. hkersten@drexelmed.edu AS - Ambul Pediatr. 5(5):302-5, 2005 Sep-Oct JC - 101089367 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - Surveys
KW  - thought
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 302
EP  - 305
JF  - Ambulatory Pediatrics.Vol.7(1)()(pp 51-55), 2007.
J1  - Ambulatory Pediatrics
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to optimize clinical outcomes for our patients. OBJECTIVE: To examine incorporation of EBM into journal club (JC) and other venues within pediatric residency programs. DESIGN/METHODS: A 30-question confidential survey was designed to determine how residents are taught and practice EBM. The survey was sent to the chief resident (CR) at all North American pediatric residency programs (N = 192). Nonrespondents were sent surveys 4 and 8 weeks later. RESULTS: The response rate was 80% (n = 153). Pediatric residency programs varied in size from 12 to 132 residents from responses in 39 states. Most programs (97%, confidence interval [CI], 92-99) used EBM. JC (89%, CI, 83-93), noontime lectures (62%, CI, 54-70), and morning report (61%, CI, 53-69) were the most common venues used to teach EBM. JC (58%, CI, 50-66), morning report (11%, CI, 6-17), and resident workshop (11%, CI, 6-17) were the most effective venues to teach EBM, although resident workshops were as effective as JC to teach EBM in programs offering workshops (38% each, CI, 21-56). Most CRs felt confident in their ability to practice EBM (56%, CI, 48-64), but few CRs felt that their program could teach EBM (7%) or evaluate EBM effectiveness (20%). CONCLUSIONS: EBM is common throughout pediatric residencies. JC was the most effective venue in which to teach EBM, unless a workshop was offered. Most CRs thought it was important to teach EBM, but did not feel confident in their program's ability to teach EBM
SN  - 1530-1567
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1212
T1  - A survey to determine the prevalence and characteristics of training in Evidence-Based Medicine in emergency medicine residency programs.[see comment]
A1  - Kuhn,G.J.
A1  - Wyer,P.C.
A1  - Cordell,W.H.
A1  - Rowe,B.H.
A1  - Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Evidence-based Medicine Interest Group
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15769588 IN - Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital, University Health Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA CM - Comment in: J Emerg Med. 2006 Oct;31(3):306-7; author reply 307-8; PMID: 16982370 AS - J Emerg Med. 28(3):353-9, 2005 Apr JC - ibo, 8412174 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Funding
KW  - health
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 353
EP  - 359
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine.Vol.31(3)()(pp 307-308), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
N2  - We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence, training methods, and allotment of time for teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills within accredited Emergency Medicine (EM) residency programs in the United States. A survey was mailed to program directors of all 122 accredited Emergency Medicine residency programs. The survey was also sent to program directors using an e-mail listserv. Responses were obtained from 53% of programs; 80% (95% CI: 68-89) of EM programs reported teaching some EBM. Although respondents believed a median of 10 hours were required to adequately cover this topic, only 22% provided more than 5 hours per year. Sixtey-three percent (95% CI: 50-75) of respondents reported using the JAMA Users' Guides series in journal club and 83% reported efforts to link journal clubs to patient care. Perceived barriers to integrating EBM into teaching and patient care included lack of trained faculty, lack of time, lack of familiarity with EBM resources, insufficient funding, and lack of interested faculty. In summary, academic EM programs are attempting to train residents in EBM, but perceive a lack of trained faculty, time, and funding as barriers. Desired resources include a defined curriculum, on-line training for faculty, and defined strategies for integration of EBM into training and patient care
SN  - 0736-4679
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1213
T1  - Totality of evidence: one of the keys to better oncology management
A1  - Kumar,A.
A1  - Soares,H.
A1  - Serdarevic,F.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15773599 IN - Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. kumara@moffitt.usf.edu AS - J Oncol Manag. 14(1):12-4, 2005 Jan-Feb JC - 9305645, cz6 SB - H CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Neoplasms/th [Therapy]
KW  - Article
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Efficiency,Organizational
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Florida
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 14
JF  - Journal of Oncology Management
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - Scientists around the world publish a tremendous amount of biomedical research every year, and the process of synthesizing the published research is an uphill task. Systematic review is the most promising technique to critically appraise and synthesize the findings and also argues for the totality of evidence, which is important for effective oncology management
SN  - 1061-9364
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1214
T1  - [You said Critical Reading of Articles?]. [French]
A1  - Lacaine,F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16292204 OT - Vous avez dit LCA...? AS - J Chir (Paris). 142(5):276, 2005 Sep-Oct JC - hpj, 0374754 SB - IM CP - France PT - Editorial LG - French
KW  - *Education,Medical
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - Reading
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 276
EP  - Oct
JF  - Journal de Chirurgie
VL  - 142
IS  - 5
SN  - 0021-7697
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1215
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in surgical decision making
A1  - Lacaine,F.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827838 IN - Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Viscerale, Hopital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, F 75020, Paris, France. francois.lacaine@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr AS - World J Surg. 29(5):588-91, 2005 May JC - xo8, 7704052 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Surgery
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 588
EP  - 591
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - There are now five classic steps for analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic medical decision-making policies: (1) formulate a clear clinical question based on a particular patient's problem; (2) search the literature for relevant clinical articles; (3) evaluate the evidence for its validity and usefulness; (4) implement useful findings into clinical practice; (5) audit the validity of the process. The clinician must have the necessary skills to appraise critically the information retrieved. Rather than focusing on the discussion and conclusion sections of articles, the reader should concentrate on the review of the methods and results sections to formulate an opinion regarding the strength of evidence presented in the paper. The process is intellectually demanding and difficult to achieve. This particular step in the validation of evidence implies that each clinician must be methodologically and statistically sound, an "expert," capable of analyzing the method used in that particular publication to achieve the published result
SN  - 0364-2313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1216
T1  - A research course to promote evidence-based nursing practice.[republished from Can Oncol Nurs J. 2005 Summer;15(3):146-50; PMID: 16261810]
A1  - Laizner,A.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16405208 IN - McGill University Health Centre, McGill University School of Nursing, Montreal, QC AS - Can Oncol Nurs J. 15(4):256-7, 2005 JC - 9300792 SB - N CP - Canada PT - Corrected and Republished Article PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Family
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 256
EP  - 257
JF  - Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal.2005 Summer; 15(3): 146-7.(6 ref)
J1  - Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) enhances the care of patients and families by guiding nurses in their patient care. Nursing leaders, health care administrators and policymakers are increasingly requiring that nursing practice be based on the best available evidence. Murdoch (2004) stated that a review and synthesis of existing research is essential to identify the best available evidence. Koop (2002) further reflected on the challenges faced by oncology nurses when there are clinical situations for which there is little or no empirical evidence on which to base nursing decisions. A need to learn skills and gain confidence in identifying the best available evidence frequently motivates staff nurses and clinicians to learn more about critical appraisal of the research literature. At the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), these needs have prompted nurses to enrol in the research utilization (RU) course that the health centre offers. This column will outline the context and components of the RU course and summarize feedback from participants. Challenges and limitations of this strategy and its relationship to oncology nursing practice are highlighted
SN  - 1181-912X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1217
T1  - Encouraging science reading beyond the curriculum
A1  - Lamberson,W.R.
A1  - Smith,M.F.
Y1  - 2005/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16024719 IN - Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA. lambersonw@missouri.edu AS - J Anim Sci. 83(8):1972-5, 2005 Aug JC - hc7, 8003002 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Genetics/ed [Education]
KW  - *Physiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Averaging
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - Course Evaluation
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Genetics
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - Motivation
KW  - participation
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Retention
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - science reading
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1972
EP  - 1975
JF  - Journal of Animal Science
VL  - 83
IS  - 8
N2  - Students in genetics and reproductive physiology, junior-/senior-level courses with enrollments averaging 76 and 41 students, respectively, were encouraged to read popular science books for extra credit. The objectives of the readings were to reinforce basic class concepts by forming ties to everyday life, and to expose students to a genre that can provide information to prepare them as citizens to engage in the debate over current issues. The books for genetics were The Double Helix, Genome, Voyage of the Beagle, and The Engineer in the Garden; and the books for reproductive physiology were Clone, Lives of a Cell, Life Before Birth and A Time to be Born, and The Second Creation: Dolly and The Age of Biological Control. To earn credit (3% of the course grade for each of up to three books), students had to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of each book during a 15-min discussion with the instructor. Discussions focused on questions designed to stimulate critical thinking about each book's content. For example: "There is approximately 98% homology in DNA sequence between humans and chimpanzees; in aspects ranging from basic physiology to behavior, what makes us similar to or different from the species that is our closest living relative?" The numbers of students reading three books in Years 1 and 2 were 2 and 12 in genetics, and 4 and 3 in reproductive physiology; those reading two books in Years 1 and 2 were 5 and 20 in genetics, and 0 and 2 in reproductive physiology; and those reading one book in Years 1 and 2 were 21 and 31 in genetics, and 7 and 8 in reproductive physiology. The numbers of students that read no books in Years 1 and 2 were 33 and 27 in genetics, and 45 and 20 in reproductive physiology. Participation in the reading project occurred independently of course grades. Sixteen genetics students from the second year's class, eight that had participated in the extra credit reading and eight that had not, volunteered to be reexamined on material from the class. The reexamination was conducted 3 mo after the end of the class. With first exam score fitted as a covariate (P < 0.10), participation in the extra credit reading assignment did not affect score on the reexamination; participants averaged 67% correct answers, nonparticipants averaged 59% (P = 0.37). Comments on course evaluations indicated broad satisfaction with the assignments. Although no improvement of retention could be documented from this project, our objective of encouraging students to engage in reading material supplemental to courses in genetics and reproductive physiology was satisfied
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1218
T1  - Using the Journal Club to teach and assess competence in practice-based learning and improvement: a literature review and recommendation for implementation. [Review] [58 refs]
A1  - Lee,A.G.
A1  - Boldt,H.C.
A1  - Golnik,K.C.
A1  - Arnold,A.C.
A1  - Oetting,T.A.
A1  - Beaver,H.A.
A1  - Olson,R.J.
A1  - Carter,K.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16263369 IN - Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA AS - Surv Ophthalmol. 50(6):542-8, 2005 Nov-Dec JC - vct, 0404551 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Ophthalmology/ed [Education]
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Checklist
KW  - City
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Neurosurgery
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - practice-based learning
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies,Medical
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 542
EP  - 548
JF  - Survey of Ophthalmology
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
N2  - The traditional journal club has historically been used to teach residents about critically reading and reviewing the literature in order to improve patient care. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies mandate requires that ophthalmology residency programs both teach and assess practice-based learning and improvement. A systematically conducted review of the literature regarding the use of the journal club in resident medical education was performed to define specific recommendations for implementation of a journal club tool. Selected best practices for a successful journal club were gleaned from the existing medical literature. These include the following: 1) the use of a structured review checklist, 2) explicit written learning objectives, and 3) a formalized meeting structure and process. The journal club might prove to be an excellent tool for the assessment of competencies like practice-based learning which may be difficult to assess by other means. Future study is necessary to determine if journal club can improve educational outcomes and promote lifelong competence in practice-based learning. [References: 58]
SN  - 0039-6257
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1219
T1  - Reliability and validity of the AGREE instrument used by physical therapists in assessment of clinical practice guidelines
A1  - MacDermid,J.C.
A1  - Brooks,D.
A1  - Solway,S.
A1  - Switzer-McIntyre,S.
A1  - Brosseau,L.
A1  - Graham,I.D.
Y1  - 2005/03/02/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15743522 IN - School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. macderj@mcmaster.ca AS - BMC Health Serv Res. 5(1):18, 2005 Mar 2 JC - 101088677 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Validation Studies LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Physical Therapy (Specialty)/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Construct Validity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Factor Analysis
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assurance,Health Care
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - researchers
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 18
JF  - BMC Health Services Research.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 03 APR 2006.
J1  - BMC Health Services Research
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: The AGREE instrument has been validated for evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) pertaining to medical care. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of physical therapists using the AGREE to assess quality of CPGs relevant to physical therapy practice. METHODS: A total of 69 physical therapists participated and were classified as generalists, specialist or researchers. Pairs of appraisers within each category evaluated independently, a set of 6 CPG selected at random from a pool of 55 CPGs. RESULTS: Reliability between pairs of appraisers indicated low to high reliability depending on the domain and number of appraisers (0.17-0.81 for single appraiser; 0.30-0.96 when score averaged across a pair of appraisers). The highest reliability was achieved for Rigour of Development, which exceeded ICC> 0.79, if scores from pairs of appraisers were pooled. Adding more than 3 appraisers did not consistently improve reliability. Appraiser type did not determine reliability scores. End-users, including study participants and a separate sample of 102 physical therapy students, found the AGREE useful to guide critical appraisal. The construct validity of the AGREE was supported in that expected differences on Rigour of Development domains were observed between expert panels versus those with no/uncertain expertise (differences of 10-21% p = 0.09-0.001). Factor analysis with varimax rotation, produced a 4-factor solution that was similar, although not in exact agreement with the AGREE Domains. Validity was also supported by the correlation observed (Kendall-tao = 0.69) between Overall Assessment and the Rigour of Development domain. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the AGREE instrument is reliable and valid when used by physiotherapists to assess the quality of CPG pertaining to physical therapy health services
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1220
T1  - Survey of resident education in intensity-modulated radiation therapy
A1  - Malik,R.
A1  - Oh,J.L.
A1  - Roeske,J.C.
A1  - Mundt,A.J.
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15896086 IN - Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA AS - Technol Cancer Res Treat. 4(3):303-9, 2005 Jun JC - 101140941 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Neoplasms/rt [Radiotherapy]
KW  - *Radiation Oncology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Radiotherapy Planning,Computer-Assisted/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Radiotherapy,Conformal/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Head
KW  - Health Care Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Radiation Oncology
KW  - Resident
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 303
EP  - 309
JF  - Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
N2  - Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been gaining increasing popularity among practicing physicians in the U.S., but the extent to which radiation oncology residents are taught the principles of this technology and are trained to use IMRT remains unknown. In this paper, we assessed the current level of resident education in IMRT in the United States. Chief residents at all 77 accredited radiation oncology programs were sent a 13-question survey addressing formal didactics and hands-on experience in IMRT. The survey assessed the frequency, subject, and format of IMRT didactics. Questions also addressed the number of IMRT patients and anatomical sites treated, resident involvement in the IMRT process, and the intent of IMRT use. Finally, residents were asked for their opinions on their IMRT education. Sixty-one surveys (79%) were completed. Overall, forty-three respondents (71%) reported receiving formal IMRT didactics, with nearly one-third reporting extensive didactics (> or = 3 lectures/seminars et cetera per year). The most common didactic formats were lectures (95%) and journal clubs (63%), most commonly supervised by physicists (98%). Involvement by physicians and radiobiologists were reported by 63% and 7% of respondents, respectively. Overall, 87% of respondents had hands-on IMRT training, with nearly one-half having treated > 25 patients. The most common sites treated were head and neck (94%) and prostate (81%). Involvement in all aspects of the IMRT process was common, particularly target and tissue delineation (98%) and plan evaluation (93%). Most respondents (79%) with hands-on experience reported receiving formal didactics. However, nearly one-third received no or only minimal formal didactics. The percentage of respondents desiring increased IMRT didactics and hands-on experience were 70% and 47%, respectively. Our results suggest that the great majority of radiation oncology residents in the United States are currently exposed to didactics and hands-on training in IMRT. Areas of potential improvement include increased involvement of physicians and radiobiologists in formal IMRT didactics
SN  - 1533-0346
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1221
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in pathology: an introduction. [Review] [218 refs]
A1  - Marchevsky,A.M.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16639989 IN - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA. marchevsky@cshs.org AS - SEMIN. DIAGN. PATHOL.. 22(2):105-15, 2005 May JC - sdp, 8502262 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
KW  - *Pathology,Clinical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Technology,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Factor
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Pathology,Clinical/td [Trends]
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Probability
KW  - Professional Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Technology,Medical/td [Trends]
KW  - thought
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 115
JF  - Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a school of thought that has spread rapidly through medicine in the past 2 decades and is eliciting an increasing interest in Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. It has been defined as "the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." The environmental factors that created a need for EBM and basic concepts of this discipline are reviewed. Methods for the accrual and critical appraisal of the validity of available evidence and its impact, applicability and usefulness in pathology practice are discussed. Basic concepts of bayesian data analysis with an emphasis on concepts such as prior and posterior probability and the use of "holdout" or "test" data are introduced. The future of EBM in pathology is discussed and potential applications of these concepts to pathology practice and research are proposed. [References: 218]
SN  - 0740-2570
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1222
T1  - Rapid critical appraisal of randomized controlled trials (RCTs): an essential skill for evidence-based practice (EBP)
A1  - Melnyk,B.M.
A1  - Fineout-Overholt,E.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15794325 IN - Arizona State University College of Nursing, Tempe, AZ 85287-2602, USA. bernadette.melnyk@asu.edu AS - Pediatr Nurs. 31(1):50-2, 2005 Jan-Feb JC - oun, 7505804 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Pediatric Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 52
JF  - Pediatric Nursing.2005 Jan-Feb; 31(1): 50-2.(3 ref)
J1  - Pediatric Nursing
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SN  - 0097-9805
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1223
T1  - Medical practitioners in outpatient care: who is interested in participating in EBM courses? Results of a representative postal survey in Germany
A1  - Meyer,T.
A1  - Stroebel,A.
A1  - Raspe,H.
Y1  - 2005/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16051661 IN - Medical University Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Social Medicine, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany. thorsten.meyer@sozmed.uni-luebeck.de AS - Eur J Public Health. 15(5):480-3, 2005 Oct JC - d0w, 9204966 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Ambulatory Care
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Physicians,Family/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Consumer Participation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Outpatient Care
KW  - participation
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Sample
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 480
EP  - 483
JF  - European Journal of Public Health
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
N2  - We surveyed the attitudes of medical practitioners towards evidence-based medicine (EBM) and characterized those with an interest in participating in EBM courses. A random sample of 900 outpatient care doctors stratified by level and field of specialization was surveyed by means of a postal questionnaire. Importance of knowledge on information management, a positive attitude towards EBM and not yet doing critical appraisal were significant predictors of interest in participating in EBM courses. Low participation rates of outpatient care doctors in EBM courses are not due to attitudinal or general motivational problems. Although possible predictors of interest in participation could be specified, further factors contributing to actual participation need to be identified
SN  - 1101-1262
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1224
T1  - Electronic delivery of research summaries for academic generalist doctors: a randomised trial of an educational intervention
A1  - Mukohara,K.
A1  - Schwartz,M.D.
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15813763 IN - Department of General Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Nagoya, Japan. kmkhr@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp AS - Med Educ. 39(4):402-9, 2005 Apr JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Electronic Mail
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Periodicals/sd [Supply & Distribution]
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 402
EP  - 409
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine whether weekly e-mails of structured, critically appraised summaries of new articles, within the format of a Weekly Browsing Journal Club (WBJC), would encourage use of evidence in practice. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. METHOD: A sample of 107 academic general internists were randomly assigned to receive either the WBJC (n = 54) or a health news website (n = 53) by e-mail on a weekly basis for 3 months. Participants completed a pre- and post-intervention questionnaire that measured their use of evidence in practice, attitudes about the role of evidence in practice, critical appraisal ability and reading habits. RESULTS: Of 107 participants, 90% completed the trial. At baseline, when faced with questions, they found answers on which to base their clinical decisions 67% of the time. Participants incorporated evidence into patient care for 60% of patients and read evidence to help make decisions for 25%. After 3 months, the groups did not differ in the use of evidence in practice. Changes in attitudes toward the role of evidence in practice and in self-perceived critical appraisal ability were also similar. The subjects spent 2.2 hours reading 4.3 journals per week. Weekly reading time decreased by 10 minutes in the WBJC group, but increased by 26 minutes in the control group (P = 0.02). At study completion, 82% of the WBJC group were satisfied with the intervention and 90% asked to continue. CONCLUSION: While doctors appreciated these summaries, which improved their reading efficiency, the intervention had little impact on their use of research evidence in practice
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1225
T1  - Evidence-based dentistry: concepts and implementation
A1  - Niederman,R.
A1  - Richards,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16737064 IN - Forsyth Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA. rniederman@forsyth.org AS - J Am Coll Dent. 72(4):37-41, 2005 JC - h5a, 7503057 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Dentistry
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - 0 (Cariostatic Agents)
KW  - 0 (Dentifrices)
KW  - 0 (Fluorides)
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Cariostatic Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Dental Care
KW  - Dental Caries/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Dental Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Dentifrices/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Fluoridation
KW  - Fluorides/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Participation
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 41
JF  - Journal of the American College of Dentists
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based dentistry is the use by dentists of best research evidence, clinical judgment and patient values to guide practice. This article focuses on methods dentists can use to collect the best relevant evidence. Using the examples of systemic fluoridation and fluoridated dentifrices, the authors illustrate a five-step process of: 1) asking answerable questions; 2) conducting a systematic search; 3) critically appraising the literature; 4) applying results to practice; and 5) evaluating outcomes
SN  - 0002-7979
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1226
T1  - Promoting research use in speech and language therapy: a cluster randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical effectiveness and costs of two training strategies
A1  - Pennington,L.
A1  - Roddam,H.
A1  - Burton,C.
A1  - Russell,I.
A1  - Godfrey,C.
A1  - Russell,D.
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15929507 IN - Speech and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, UK. lindsay.pennington@ncl.ac.uk AS - Clin Rehabil. 19(4):387-97, 2005 Jun JC - cr7, 8802181 SB - IM CP - England PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Cerebrovascular Accident/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Deglutition Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Guideline Adherence
KW  - *Language Therapy/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Speech Therapy/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Cerebrovascular Accident/co [Complications]
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Deglutition Disorders/et [Etiology]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Therapy/ec [Economics]
KW  - Management
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Multicenter Study
KW  - Note
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Speech Therapy/ec [Economics]
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 387
EP  - 397
JF  - Clinical Rehabilitation
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of two training strategies to promote the use of research evidence in speech and language therapy (SLT) management of poststroke dysphagia. DESIGN: Pragmatic, cluster randomized trial. SETTING: Seventeen SLT departments in north-west England. PARTICIPANTS: Two SLTs from each department received training and cascaded information across their department. Process of care was measured from the notes of 708 patients with acute poststroke dysphagia across eight departments allocated to training strategy A, and 762 patients across nine departments in strategy B. INTERVENTIONS: Strategy A: training on the critical appraisal of published research papers and practice guidelines. Strategy B: strategy A plus training on management of change in clinical practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre- and post-training adherence to practice guidelines in poststroke dysphagia management, based on a review of case notes. Incremental cost of increased adherence to clinical guidelines. RESULTS: Departments' practice differed in adherence to guidelines. Departments changed following training (F=2.22, df 16, 1436, p=0.004). The effect of training strategy on clinical practice was not significant. Strategy B departments engaged in more activities relating to research use following training than strategy A. Total costs of training averaged l2001, 2892 Euros, $3886 (SD l502, 726 Euros, $975) for strategy A and l3366, 4866 Euros, $6537 (SD l2121, 3066 Euros, $4119) for strategy B. CONCLUSIONS: Training in research implementation in addition to critical appraisal and guideline introduction is associated with increased dissemination activities and awareness of research information, but not with changes in clinical practice within six months of training. The department in which SLTs work influences their use of research. The process of poststroke dysphagia management can be measured using a tool developed from practice guidelines
SN  - 0269-2155
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1227
T1  - [Critical reading skill goes along with the proximity to health research?]. [Spanish]
A1  - Peralta-Heredia,I.C.
A1  - Espinosa-Alarcon,P.A.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16708903 IN - Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jal. irma.peralta@imss.gob.mx OT - El dominio de la lectura critica va de la mano con la proximidad a la investigacion en salud? AS - Rev Invest Clin. 57(6):775-83, 2005 Nov-Dec JC - sch, 9421552 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Validation Studies LG - Spanish
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Research
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Administrative Personnel
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Facility Administrators/ed [Education]
KW  - health research
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Psychology/ed [Education]
KW  - Public Health/ed [Education]
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Personnel
KW  - researchers
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - skill development
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - texts
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 775
EP  - 783
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of a reading skill to critically read theoretical texts, interpretation; at different groups linked to investigation and, explore if a closer, longer experience with this, can influence this skill development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An instrument that comprises a text on epistemologic aspects and the relation of science with society, was validated. It was applied on four natural groups, selected by a degree of involvement they had shown in health research: students at "pre-degree" (n = 23); students at post-degree (n = 19), academic administrative assessors (n = 17), and professional researchers (n = 20). RESULTS: Reliability coeficients of the instrument were 0.91 y 0.94. From 74 as maximum score expected, medians of groups were 19 for pre-grade and post-grade students, 17 for assessors, and 21 for researchers (p = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: The not sufficient ability to critically read a text, that we supposed was more or lest related to all studied groups, come to be highly relevant, when a need for the researcher to acquire plain understanding, of the importance of his actions is acknowledged. And on the other hand, the fact that students on upper levels, be conscious of the reason why science is beforehand included in their education
SN  - 0034-8376
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1228
T1  - [Evidence-based medicine--method, critical appraisal and usefulness for professionalized business practice in medical]. [German]
A1  - Portwich,P.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15918119 IN - Versicherungsmedizin, Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt, Luzern. philipp.portwich@suva.ch OT - Evidence-based medicine -- Methode, Kritik und Nutzen fur eine professionalisierte Handlungspraxis in der Medizin AS - Gesundheitswesen. 67(5):319-24, 2005 May JC - bfd, 9204210 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Clinical Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Decision Support Techniques
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - business
KW  - Competence
KW  - consequence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 319
EP  - 324
JF  - Gesundheitswesen
VL  - 67
IS  - 5
N2  - The concept of evidence-based medicine (EBM) describes 5 steps that lead to a scientifically based solution of clinical problems. EBM is often reduced to the search for the best evidence (randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses) or the introduction of guidelines. This causes criticism and may have consequences for medicine. But EBM also emphasizes the so-called clinical expertise of the doctor, which is important for reference to the individual patient. This point of EBM is being developed further. Connected with the theory of professionalization by U. Oevermann, stressing the importance of hermeneutical competence, EBM turns out to be a sophisticated model of professional medical practice
SN  - 0941-3790
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1229
T1  - Closing the quality chasm in health care: the role of critical reading.[see comment]
A1  - Rivara,F.P.
A1  - Stapleton,F.B.
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15809397 CM - Comment in: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Jan;160(1):106-7; author reply 107; PMID: 16389221 AS - Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 159(4):394-5, 2005 Apr JC - 9422751, bwf SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Quality of Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Author
KW  - Child
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - quality
KW  - Role
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 394
EP  - 395
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.2005 Aug; 159(8): 787-8.(9 ref)
J1  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
VL  - 159
IS  - 4
SN  - 1072-4710
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1230
T1  - Evidence-based veterinary dentistry: a systematic review of homecare for prevention of periodontal disease in dogs and cats. [Review] [114 refs]
A1  - Roudebush,P.
A1  - Logan,E.
A1  - Hale,F.A.
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15909451 IN - Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Tokepa, KS 66601, USA. phil_roudebush@hillspet.com AS - J Vet Dent. 22(1):6-15, 2005 Mar JC - 9426426, ahj SB - D CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Cat Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Dog Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Oral Hygiene/ve [Veterinary]
KW  - *Periodontal Diseases/ve [Veterinary]
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Cats
KW  - Dogs
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Periodontal Diseases/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Preventive Dentistry
KW  - preventive intervention
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6
EP  - 15
JF  - Journal of Veterinary Dentistry
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Successful treatment and prevention of periodontal disease in pet animals requires a multidimensional approach to identify and eliminate exacerbating factors, provide scheduled professional examinations and care, and plan and implement a dental homecare program. Over the years, many therapeutic and preventive interventions have been developed or advocated for periodontal disease, but evidence of efficacy or effectiveness is highly variable. Accordingly, the main objective of this systematic review is to identify and critically appraise the evidence supporting various aspects of homecare for prevention of canine and feline periodontal disease. [References: 114]
SN  - 0898-7564
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1231
T1  - Evaluating quantitative research reports. [Review] [13 refs]
A1  - Russell,C.L.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15787085 IN - University of Missouri- Columbia, Sinclair School of Nursing, Columbia, MO, USA AS - Nephrol Nurs J. 32(1):61-4, 2005 Jan-Feb JC - dn8, 100909377 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evaluation Studies
KW  - *Research Design
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Statistics/mt [Methods]
KW  - Trust
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
JF  - Nephrology Nursing Journal: Journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
N2  - As a novice reviewer, it is often difficult to trust your evaluation of a research report. You may feel uncertain in your interpretations. These are common concerns and can be remedied by reading and discussing research reports on research listservs, through journal clubs, or with other nephrology nurses. Practice using the criteria for research report evaluation and you too can perfect critiquing a research report! [References: 13]
SN  - 1526-744X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1232
T1  - The development of nursing research self-study modules
A1  - Ryan,M.
A1  - Aloe,K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16358547 IN - School of Nursing, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA AS - J N Y State Nurses Assoc. 36(1):10-2, 2005 Spring-Summer JC - jfh, 7507218 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Teaching Materials
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - City
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - New York
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - practice
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 12
JF  - Journal of the New York State Nurses Association
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
N2  - Research utilization and evidence-based practice are processes that require nurses to have research knowledge and skills. Yet many nurses are fearful of research and avoid reading nursing research studies or using research in their practice. Members of a hospital's Nursing Research Team developed nursing research self-study modules for use by the nursing staff. The goal of this innovative project was to enhance a nurse's ability to critically read nursing research studies and determine their usefulness for practice. As a result, it is hoped that nurses will be more knowledgeable about research and more comfortable participating in the evidence-based practice and research utilization processes. The development, implementation, and evaluation of nursing research self-study modules are described and implications for nursing practice identified
SN  - 0028-7644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1233
T1  - [Grading evidence levels: the experience of a trauma surgery course]. [German]
A1  - Sauerland,S.
A1  - Stengel,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16398200 IN - Institut fur Forschung in der Operativen Medizin, Universitat Witten/Herdecke. S.Sauerland@uni-koeln.de OT - Zur Graduierung von Evidenz: Erfahrungen aus einem unfallchirurgischen Kurs AS - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 99(9):581-4, 2005 JC - ct5, 9707934 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Surgical Procedures,Operative/ed [Education]
KW  - *Wounds and Injuries/su [Surgery]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Experience
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 581
EP  - 584
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung.Vol.97(4-5)()(pp 301-306), 2003.
J1  - Zeitschrift fur Arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung
VL  - 99
IS  - 9
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Critical appraisal of medical literature is a key component in the practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and in guideline development. Various schemes have been proposed to grade scientific evidence. We examined whether such grading can be taught. METHODS: Thirteen participants in an EBM course were asked to classify 10 short study abstracts into Sackett's evidence levels (I to V). The studies related to therapeutic, diagnostic, and aetiological questions (n = 4, 3, and 3, respectively) in the field of trauma surgery. After a four-hour course, another 10 abstracts were classified in order to enable a randomised pre-post comparison. RESULTS: The course increased the proportion of correctly classified articles from 47% to 56%. This effect of +9% was nonsignificant (p = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: -2% to + 19%). The rating of diagnostic studies was more difficult (46% correct; 95% CI: 37% to 55%) than the rating of therapeutic studies (58% correct; 95% CI: 52% to 64%). Only two studies reporting either level-I evidence (randomised trial) or level-IV evidence (case series) were correctly classified by all participants. CONCLUSIONS: A half-day EBM training for clinicians is not sufficient to enhance the ability to categorise study abstracts to evidence levels
SN  - 1431-7621
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1234
T1  - Role of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in evidence-based medicine
A1  - Sauerland,S.
A1  - Seiler,C.M.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827839 IN - Biochemical and Experimental Division, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, D-51109, Koln, Germany. S.Sauerland@uni-koeln.de AS - World J Surg. 29(5):582-7, 2005 May JC - xo8, 7704052 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 582
EP  - 587
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - The overwhelming increase in the quantity of clinical evidence has led to detachment of the evidence and practice because new evidence can be integrated into clinical practice only after it has been critically appraised and synthesized on the basis of the existing evidence. Because many clinicians lack the skills and the time for such information processing, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, their quantitative counterparts, play an important role in health care. Well performed systematic reviews provide clinically relevant information for surgeons, abrogating the need to identify, read, and evaluate many individual studies. This article reviews the basic principles of meta-analysis, discusses its potential weaknesses such as heterogeneity and publication bias, and highlights special situations when dealing with surgical trials
SN  - 0364-2313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1235
T1  - [Classification of biomedical research reports as a reference for evidence-based medicine in ophthalmology. A survey considering as example the journal Der Ophthalmologe]. [German]
A1  - Scholl,H.P.
A1  - Fleckenstein,M.
A1  - Krohne,T.U.
A1  - Holz,F.G.
Y1  - 2005/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16283184 IN - Augenklinik, Universitat, Bonn. hendrik.scholl@ukb.uni-bonn.de OT - Klassifikation biomedizinischer Forschungsberichte als Grundlage evidenzbasierter Medizin in der Augenheilkunde. Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Zeitschrift Der Ophthalmologe AS - Ophthalmologe. 102(12):1152-61, 2005 Dec JC - bgv, 9206148 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Biomedical Research/cl [Classification]
KW  - *Biomedical Research/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Clinical Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Ophthalmology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Periodicals/cl [Classification]
KW  - *Periodicals/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliometrics
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trials/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Germany
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Ophthalmology/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Reference Standards
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Synthesis
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1152
EP  - 1161
JF  - Ophthalmologe
VL  - 102
IS  - 12
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine requires careful appraisal of published data derived from experimental and clinical studies. Based on classification of biomedical research reports, evidence levels can be determined and recommendations for therapeutic decisions can be made. METHODS: A classification system for clinical studies was developed. It was evaluated in classifying the reports published in Der Ophthalmologe during 2003-2004 (study design: descriptive cross-sectional study, case series). RESULTS: In the 2-year interval, 70 longitudinal and 95 cross-sectional studies were published. The vast majority of the longitudinal studies were interventional cohort studies. Not considering case reports, 73% of the original articles were longitudinal prospective studies, 1% were retrospective (case-control) studies, and 26% were cross-sectional studies. CONCLUSIONS: The study design of all published articles could be classified using the classification system. This classification system proves to be applicable in the context of clinical studies in ophthalmology and may be helpful in the process of critical appraisal of the literature and synthesis of clinical evidence and an evidence-based recommendation
SN  - 0941-293X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1236
T1  - A decision making approach to assessing critical appraisal skills
A1  - Schwartz,A.
A1  - Hupert,J.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16147775 IN - Department of Medical Education and Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. alansz@uic.edu AS - Med Teach. 27(1):76-80, 2005 Jan JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Bayes Theorem
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Chicago
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Illinois
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 76
EP  - 80
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - Critical appraisal is an important skill for practicing evidence-based medicine. Most assessments of critical appraisal focus either on knowledge about research design or evaluate a written critique of an article. This paper presents a Bayesian framework for assessing critical appraisal through measuring how clinical decisions and judgments change with the introduction of new research evidence. In a skilled clinician-appraiser, new evidence is predicted to cause the clinician to revise beliefs in the appropriateness of a decision, in proportion to both the strength of the findings and the methodological soundness of the research which produced the findings. The framework is illustrated by two studies using different items, respondents, and designs
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1237
T1  - Cautionary tales in the clinical interpretation of therapeutic trial reports. [Review] [98 refs]
A1  - Scott,I.A.
A1  - Greenberg,P.B.
Y1  - 2005/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16207261 IN - Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. ian_scott@health.qld.gov.au AS - Intern Med J. 35(10):611-21, 2005 Oct JC - d20, 101092952 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Translating
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 611
EP  - 621
JF  - Internal Medicine Journal
VL  - 35
IS  - 10
N2  - Practising clinicians are assailed daily with reports of new therapeutic clinical trials. The evidence-based medicine movement has developed critical appraisal methods for assessing the validity and impact of such studies. However, challenges persist in regards to the appropriate interpretation and application of trial results within everyday clinical settings. Using selected examples from recently published literature, we illustrate 15 cautionary themes for translating research evidence from therapeutic trials into clinical practice. [References: 98]
SN  - 1444-0903
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1238
T1  - Evaluation of a clinical teaching method involving stories
A1  - Shieh,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16646926 IN - Indiana University School of Nursing, USA. wshieh@iupui.edu AS - Int. j nurs. educ. scholarsh.. 2:Article 30, 2005 JC - 101214977 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Narration
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty,Nursing
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Indiana
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Interventions
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - Peers
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Article
JF  - International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship.2005; 2(1): 13p.(30 ref)
J1  - International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship
VL  - 2
N2  - A clinical teaching method involving stories was evaluated in this study. A total of 25 ASN and BSN students participated in Phase I evaluation and another 16 ASN students were included in Phase II. Each student created a story about an obstetric or a pediatric topic. The story was then read by the story writer to peers and faculty. The faculty member facilitated dialogues and reflections on the meanings of the story. In Phase I, students offered written responses about the effectiveness of the story teaching. In Phase II, a 5-item questionnaire measured pre- and post-test scores of perceived improvement in five knowledge areas. Results showed that students perceived the story teaching positively because it brought learning to a personal level and facilitated in-depth discussion and critical thinking. Perceived knowledge improvement was evident after the story teaching in nursing interventions, the physiological and psychosocial alterations, legal/ethical/cultural issues, and community resources. In conclusion, this teaching method was acceptable to students and may have contributed to positive learning outcomes
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1239
T1  - Limits of evidence-based surgery
A1  - Slim,K.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827835 IN - Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hotel-Dieu, Boulevard Leon Malfreyt, 63058, Clermont-Ferrand, France. kslim@chu-clermontferrand.fr AS - World J Surg. 29(5):606-9, 2005 May JC - xo8, 7704052 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Surgery
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 606
EP  - 609
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - Evidence-based medicine can be summarized as the use of current best evidence in the care of individual patients. When applied to surgical practice, it appears clearly that the concept of evidence-based medicine involves some limitations. To discuss these limits, the author went back over the terms of the evidence-based medicine definition. Limits are related to the low quantity and quality of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in surgery, the difficulties when critically appraising the literature and applying the results of evidence to individual patients, and bringing surgeons more willing to endorse the principles of evidence-based medicine. However all these limits can be overcome in the future, with the aim that evidence-based surgery will not be a passing fad
SN  - 0364-2313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1240
T1  - Changing nursing practice through a nursing journal club
A1  - St,Pierre J.
Y1  - 2005/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16447830 IN - Ball Memorial Hospital, Muncie, IN, USA AS - Medsurg Nurs. 14(6):390-2, 2005 Dec JC - btm, 9300545 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Goals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - strategies
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 390
EP  - 392
JF  - MEDSURG Nursing.2006 Apr; 15(2): 100-2.(11 ref)
J1  - MEDSURG Nursing
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
N2  - As hospitals seek to promote evidence-based nursing practice and improve the quality of bedside nursing care, formation of a nursing journal club can be one strategy to accomplish both goals
SN  - 1092-0811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1241
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medicine skills can change practice in a community hospital
A1  - Straus,S.E.
A1  - Ball,C.
A1  - Balcombe,N.
A1  - Sheldon,J.
A1  - McAlister,F.A.
Y1  - 2005/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15857491 IN - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sharon.straus@utoronto.ca AS - J Gen Intern Med. 20(4):340-3, 2005 Apr JC - 8605834 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Hospitals,Community
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Male
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 340
EP  - 343
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVES: Several studies have evaluated whether evidence-based medicine (EBM) training courses can improve skills such as literature searching and critical appraisal but to date, few data exist on whether teaching EBM skills and providing evidence-based resources result in change in behavior or clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate whether a multifaceted EBM intervention consisting of teaching EBM skills and provision of electronic evidence resources changed clinical practice. DESIGN: Before/after study. SETTING: The medical inpatient units at a district general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five attending physicians and 12 medicine residents. INTERVENTION: A multicomponent EBM intervention was provided including an EBM training course of seven 1-hour sessions, an EBM syllabus and textbook, and provision of evidence-based resources on the hospital network. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome of the study was the quality of evidence in support of therapies initiated for the primary diagnoses in 483 consecutive patients admitted during the month before and the month after the intervention. Patients admitted after implementation of the EBM intervention were significantly more likely to receive therapies proven to be beneficial in randomized controlled trials (62% vs 49%; P= .016). Of these trial-proven therapies, those offered after the EBM intervention were significantly more likely to be based on high-quality randomized controlled trials (95% vs 87%; P= .023). CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted intervention designed to teach and support EBM significantly improved evidence-based practice patterns in a district general hospital
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1242
T1  - [Journal Club for Nurses: finding connection to science]. [German]
A1  - Taubert,K.
A1  - Meyer,G.
A1  - Kopke,S.
Y1  - 2005/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16200737 IN - Germanistik an der Universitat Hamburg OT - Journal Club fur Pflegende: Anschluss an die Wissenschaft finden AS - Pflege Z. 58(9):556-8, 2005 Sep JC - 9430463, bz0 SB - N CP - Germany PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Group Processes
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hospitals,Public
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 556
EP  - 558
JF  - Pflege Zeitschrift
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
SN  - 0945-1129
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1243
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medicine to internal medicine residents: the efficacy of conferences versus small-group discussion
A1  - Thomas,K.G.
A1  - Thomas,M.R.
A1  - York,E.B.
A1  - Dupras,D.M.
A1  - Schultz,H.J.
A1  - Kolars,J.C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15833722 IN - Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 559005, USA. thomas.kris@mayo.edu AS - Teach Learn Med. 17(2):130-5, 2005 JC - dx5, 8910884 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Congresses
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Group Processes
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - competency
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - participation
KW  - practice-based learning
KW  - Resident
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 130
EP  - 135
JF  - Teaching & Learning in Medicine
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a required component of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Practice-Based Learning core competency. PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of conferences and small-group discussions in enhancing EBM competency. METHODS: EBM conferences and small-group discussions were integrated into an internal medicine curriculum. EBM competency was assessed by written examination following participation in both groups and compared with residents who had not participated in either format. RESULTS: Small-group discussion participants (n = 10) scored higher on an EBM exam (17.8 +/- 4.5 correct out of 25) when compared with 10 conference participants (12.2 +/- 4.6, p = .010) and 26 residents who did not participate in either format (12.0 +/- 4.5, p = .002). Small-group discussion participants also reported increased confidence and high satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Although more resource intensive, small-group discussions resulted in increased EBM knowledge, increased confidence with critical appraisal skills, and high satisfaction compared with a conference-based format
SN  - 1040-1334
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1244
T1  - Meta-analyses: what they can and cannot tell us about clinical research. [Review] [12 refs]
A1  - Tolley,E.A.
A1  - Headley,A.S.
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15716797 IN - Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. btolley@utmem.edu AS - Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 8(2):177-81, 2005 Mar JC - 9804399, dgn SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - *Meta-Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Enteral Nutrition
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infection
KW  - Infection Rate
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Preventive Medicine
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 177
EP  - 181
JF  - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The number of published clinical trials has increased exponentially over the past few decades. The majority of clinical research questions has been addressed by several small or moderately sized trials. Statisticians have developed guidelines for meta-analyses, which provide objective quantitative reviews to lighten the burden of clinicians who seek to keep themselves current in one or more areas of clinical investigation. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how to read critically a meta-analysis of nutrition support in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Summary evidence based on a meta-analysis is observational, even though the individual elements of the meta-analysis are clinical trials. The level of evidence from a meta-analysis is thus similar to that derived from a case series or a cohort, with the stipulation that the 'subjects' are clinical trials instead of individuals. The effects of the combination of parenteral and enteral nutrition on mortality and infection rates in critically ill patients have been compared with enteral nutrition alone. Meta-analysis results show non-significant reductions in mortality and infectious complications favoring enteral nutrition. In patients with acute pancreatitis, the summary effects of parenteral versus enteral nutrition on the infection rate indicate a significant reduction in risk favoring enteral nutrition. SUMMARY: An interpretation of meta-analysis summary results is put in perspective with underlying medical assumptions. This critical review indicates what issues a meta-analysis can and cannot address. [References: 12]
SN  - 1363-1950
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1245
T1  - The critical success factors and impact of prior knowledge to nursing students when transferring nursing knowledge during nursing clinical practise
A1  - Tsai,M.T.
A1  - Tsai,L.L.
Y1  - 2005/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16238686 IN - Department of Business Administration, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, Taiwan. c580924@ms42.hinet.net AS - J Nurs Manag. 13(6):459-66, 2005 Nov JC - bzy, 9306050 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Students,Nursing
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - business
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - data
KW  - diversity
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Performance
KW  - play
KW  - prior knowledge
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Taiwan
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 459
EP  - 466
JF  - Journal of Nursing Management
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Nursing practise plays an important role in transferring nursing knowledge to nursing students. From the related literature review, prior knowledge will affect how learners gain new knowledge. There has been no direct examination of the prior knowledge interaction effect on students' performance and its influence on nursing students when evaluating the knowledge transfer success factors. AIM: This study explores (1) the critical success factors in transferring nursing knowledge, (2) the impact of prior knowledge when evaluating the success factors for transferring nursing knowledge. METHOD: This research utilizes in-depth interviews to probe the initial success factor phase. A total of 422 valid questionnaires were conducted by the authors. The data were analysed by comparing the mean score and t-test between two groups. RESULTS: Seventeen critical success factors were identified by the two groups of students. Twelve items were selected to examine the diversity in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Students with prior knowledge were more independent than the other group. They also preferred self-directed learning over students without prior knowledge. Students who did not have prior knowledge were eager to take every opportunity to gain experience and more readily adopted new knowledge
SN  - 0966-0429
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1246
T1  - How to analyze an article
A1  - Urschel,J.D.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15827843 IN - Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Boston, Massuchusetts 02111, USA. jurschel@buffalo.edu AS - World J Surg. 29(5):557-60, 2005 May JC - xo8, 7704052 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peer Review,Research
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 557
EP  - 560
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - In clinical research investigators generalize from study samples to populations, and in evidence-based medicine practitioners apply population-level evidence to individual patients. The validity of these processes is assessed through critical appraisal of published articles. Critical appraisal is therefore a core component of evidence-based medicine (EBM). The purpose of critical appraisal is not one of criticizing for criticism's sake. Instead, it is an exercise in assigning a value to an article. A checklist approach to article appraisal is outlined, and common pitfalls of analysis are highlighted. Relevant questions are posed for each section of an article (introduction, methods, results, discussion). The approach is applicable to most clinical surgical research articles, even those of a nonrandomized nature. Issues specific to evidence-based surgical practice, in contrast to evidence-based medicine, are introduced
SN  - 0364-2313
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1247
T1  - Using a standardised patient assessment to measure professional attributes
A1  - van,Zanten M.
A1  - Boulet,J.R.
A1  - Norcini,J.J.
A1  - McKinley,D.
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15612897 IN - Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. mvanzanten@ecfmg.org AS - Med Educ. 39(1):20-9, 2005 Jan JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - critical incident technique
KW  - Education
KW  - Empathy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Assessment
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - quality
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 29
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Professionalism is an important topic in medical education today. While much work has focused on defining professionalism and teaching medical students the appropriate interpersonal behaviours, relatively little research has looked at meaningful ways of assessing the relevant attributes. METHOD: The Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) clinical skills assessment (CSA) uses standardised patients (SPs) to evaluate the readiness of graduates of international medical schools to enter accredited graduate training programmes in the USA. Doctor interpersonal skills, including professional qualities such as rapport, are evaluated as part of the CSA. Attentiveness, attitude and empathy, all facets of professional behaviour, are specifically targeted as part of the assessment. RESULTS: To date, over 35 000 candidates have been assessed, encompassing more than 370 000 individual SP encounters. Based on a 1-year cohort of examinees, the reliability of the individual professionalism-related component scores ranged from 0.61 to 0.70. Doctors who had graduated from medical school more recently, or were younger, generally obtained higher ratings. Professional qualities were only marginally related to measures of basic science and clinical science proficiency. Female candidates were rated significantly higher than male candidates on all dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: While some professional behaviours are probably best measured using formats such as surveys, self-assessment and critical incident techniques, certain aspects of the domain can be reliably and validly measured in SP examinations
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1248
T1  - A qualitative study of the impact on learning of the mini clinical evaluation exercise in postgraduate training
A1  - ves de,Lima A.
A1  - Henquin,R.
A1  - Thierer,J.
A1  - Paulin,J.
A1  - Lamari,S.
A1  - Belcastro,F.
A1  - van,der,V
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16147770 IN - Instituto cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. aealvesdelima@icba-cardiovascular.com.ar AS - Med Teach. 27(1):46-52, 2005 Jan JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Learning
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Cardiology/ed [Education]
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - Hospitals,University
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - postgraduate training
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Resident
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 52
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - The study was designed to illustrate how residents perceive the Mini Clinical Examination Exercise as an assessment tool and its influence on their approach to learning and studying. A phenomenographic approach was applied. All 16 residents from a cardiology training program in Buenos Aires were included. Results show that in all cases residents demonstrate an intrinsic interest in the subject matter. They show self-regulating strategies when required to select, relate and make critical appraisals of their own. They consistently demonstrate an aim to build a relationship between individual experience and their chosen topic. The residents feel comfortable because it melts with their routine. Residents find the Mini Clinical Examination Exercise to be a useful assessment tool with a favorable influence towards a constructive approach to study and learning
SN  - 0142-159X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1249
T1  - A systematic review of appraisal tools for clinical practice guidelines: multiple similarities and one common deficit. [Review] [34 refs]
A1  - Vlayen,J.
A1  - Aertgeerts,B.
A1  - Hannes,K.
A1  - Sermeus,W.
A1  - Ramaekers,D.
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15743883 IN - Belgian Federal Health Care Knowledge Centre, Brussels, Belgium. joan.vlayen@med.kuleuven.ac.be AS - Int J Qual Health Care. 17(3):235-42, 2005 Jun JC - b2z, 9434628 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Pathways
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Review
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 235
EP  - 242
JF  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To identify a critical appraisal tool for clinical practice guidelines that could serve as a basis for the development of an appraisal tool for clinical pathways. DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature and personal contacts. Databases searched were: Medline, Embase, and Cinahl. Search terms were: practice guidelines, appraisal, and evaluation. The items of the identified appraisal tools were examined and thematically grouped into 10 guideline dimensions. Content analysis and scoring of these domains by the appraisal tools was evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-four different appraisal tools of practice guidelines were identified. None scored the evidence base of the clinical content of guidelines. Four tools scored all the guideline dimensions. The Cluzeau instrument is the only one of these four that has been validated. Of the three instruments based on the Cluzeau instrument, the AGREE instrument is the only validated instrument that uses a numerical scale. CONCLUSIONS: Being a simplified version of the Cluzeau instrument, the AGREE instrument has the most potential to serve as a basis for the development of an appraisal tool for clinical pathways. However, important limitations will have to be dealt with when developing such a tool. [References: 34]
SN  - 1353-4505
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1250
T1  - Change in knowledge and skills of Year 3 undergraduates in evidence-based medicine seminars
A1  - Weberschock,T.B.
A1  - Ginn,T.C.
A1  - Reinhold,J.
A1  - Strametz,R.
A1  - Krug,D.
A1  - Bergold,M.
A1  - Schulze,J.
Y1  - 2005/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 15960786 IN - Institute for General Practice, University of Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Tobias@ebmfrankfurt.de AS - Med Educ. 39(7):665-71, 2005 Jul JC - mz3, 7605655 SB - IM CP - England PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Feedback
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Germany
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 665
EP  - 671
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 39
IS  - 7
N2  - PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a compulsory evidence-based medicine (EBM) seminar in critical appraisal skills and the overall acceptance of compulsory EBM seminars for Year 3 medical undergraduate students. METHODS: Small group seminars by peer teaching were conducted for up to 23 undergraduates. Knowledge and skills in EBM before and after the compulsory seminars were evaluated by 2 different sets of 20 questions. To apply knowledge, each undergraduate had to analyse an individual paper case using the principles of EBM. Undergraduates gave anonymous feedback using separate evaluation sheets at the end of the seminar. Main outcome variables were changes in knowledge and skills. RESULTS: A total of 132 Year 3 undergraduates at the University of Frankfurt participated in a compulsory EBM seminar during the academic half-year 2003/04 as part of their regular curriculum. Complete datasets were available for evaluation from 124 undergraduates (94%). The seminars led to an overall increase in knowledge (question paper score increase from 2.37 to 7.48, 99% CI 6.61-8.36, or 216%). Transfer of knowledge into a paper case scenario was generally good, with a mean score of 49.5 (SD 5.24) out of 55 points. Feedback indicated good overall acceptance of the seminars, with a median of 2 (score range from 1 = excellent to 6 = failed). CONCLUSION: Trained medical students are effective and well accepted EBM trainers in compulsory undergraduate seminars
SN  - 0308-0110
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1251
T1  - Teaching resources. A journal-club discussion of regulation by microRNA
A1  - Weinstein,D.C.
Y1  - 2005/09/06/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16145018 IN - Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Box 1215, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. daniel.weinstein@mssm.edu AS - Sci STKE. 2005(300):tr24, 2005 Sep 6 JC - 100964423 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Biology/ed [Education]
KW  - *MicroRNAs/ph [Physiology]
KW  - *Teaching Materials
KW  - 0 (MicroRNAs)
KW  - 0 (RNA,Messenger)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cells,Cultured
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Graduate
KW  - English
KW  - Gene Expression Regulation
KW  - Genetics/ed [Education]
KW  - graduate education
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mammals
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Microarray Analysis
KW  - New York
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - RNA,Messenger/ge [Genetics]
KW  - School
KW  - Signal Transduction
KW  - Student
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Transfection
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - tr24
JF  - Science's Stke [Electronic Resource]: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment
VL  - 2005
IS  - 300
N2  - Student analysis and discussion of the primary literature is an essential component to graduate education. In the context of a course on cell biology, signal transduction, or molecular biology, discussion of an article on microRNA function and importance would be valuable. This discussion was designed to accompany the course "Cell Signaling Systems: A Course for Graduate Students."
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1252
T1  - Teaching community, occupational and family medicine at the National University of Singapore: past, present and future
A1  - Wong,M.L.
A1  - Koh,D.
A1  - Phua,K.H.
A1  - Lee,H.P.
Y1  - 2005/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16010387 IN - Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore AS - Ann Acad Med Singapore. 34(6):102C-107C, 2005 Jul JC - 53f, 7503289 SB - IM CP - Singapore PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Community Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Family Practice/ed [Education]
KW  - *Occupational Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - Community Medicine/hi [History]
KW  - Community Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education,Medical/td [Trends]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Practice/hi [History]
KW  - Family Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - healthcare
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - History,21st Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Occupational Medicine/hi [History]
KW  - Occupational Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - Portraits
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - progress
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Public Health/ed [Education]
KW  - Public Health/hi [History]
KW  - Public Health/td [Trends]
KW  - Schools,Medical/td [Trends]
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 102C
EP  - 107C
JF  - Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
N2  - INTRODUCTION: We describe how the curriculum of community, occupational and family medicine (COFM) has evolved in response to social and educational forces and local health needs. Challenges in the teaching of the curriculum are also discussed. CURRICULUM: The COFM Department aims to produce medical undergraduates and graduates with the skills to critically appraise evidence, prevent and manage diseases, and promote health in the community and primary healthcare setting. Its teaching programmes consist of the medical undergraduate programme and the Master of Medicine programmes in Occupational Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine. The undergraduate modules consist of evidence-based medicine, public health in the community, disease prevention and control, occupational medicine practice, health promotion and behaviour, and communication with patients. The university's first completely online module on SARS was jointly implemented by the Department and the Centre for Instructional Technology for the entire student population last year. The COFM curriculum has shifted from giving students factual information through lectures to developing students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills through small group teaching, case studies and community health projects. Innovative assessment methods such as open-book examinations; objective structured communication stations with simulated patients; and evaluation of students' participation in group work are used to assess students' skills in problem-solving, communication and teamwork respectively. CONCLUSION: While the Department has made significant progress in developing a relevant and updated curriculum based on appropriate learning and assessment approaches, it will strive to do more to develop students' critical thinking skills by using newer approaches
SN  - 0304-4602
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1253
T1  - Early tracheostomy in closed head injuries: experience at a tertiary center in a developing country--a prospective study 577
A1  - Chintamani
A1  - Khanna,J.
A1  - Singh,J.P.
A1  - Kulshreshtha,P.
A1  - Kalra,P.
A1  - Priyambada,B.
A1  - Mohil,R.S.
A1  - Bhatnagar,D.
Y1  - 2005/10/14/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16236181 IN - Department of surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi-110023, India. chintamani7@rediffmail.com AS - BMC emerg. med.. 5:8, 2005 Oct 14 JC - 100968543 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Affect
KW  - Airway Management
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - College
KW  - control
KW  - Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Endotracheal Intubation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Equipment
KW  - Experience
KW  - Head
KW  - Head Injury
KW  - Hospital
KW  - India
KW  - Injury
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intubation
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Management
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Resident
KW  - respect
KW  - Role
KW  - Staff
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Time
KW  - timing
KW  - Tracheostomy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
JF  - BMC Emergency Medicine.Vol.5, 2005.Date of Publication: 14 OCT 2005.
J1  - BMC Emergency Medicine
VL  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: An important factor contributing to the high mortality in patients with severe head trauma is cerebral hypoxia. The mechanical ventilation helps both by reduction in the intracranial pressure and hypoxia. Ventilatory support is also required in these patients because of patient's inability to protect the airway, persistence of excessive secretions, and inadequacy of spontaneous ventilation. Prolonged endotracheal intubation is however associated with trauma to the larynx, trachea, and patient discomfort in addition to requirement of sedatives. Tracheostomy has been found to play an integral role in the airway management of such patients, but its timing remains subject to considerable practice variation. In a developing country like India where the intensive care facilities are scarce and rarely available, these critical patients have to be managed in high dependency cubicles in the ward, often with inadequately trained nursing staff and equipment to monitor them. An early tracheostomy in the selected group of patients based on Glasgow Coma Score(GCS) may prove to be life saving. Against this background a prospective study was contemplated to assess the role of early tracheostomy in patients with isolated closed head injury. METHODS: The series consisted of a cohort of 50 patients admitted to the surgical emergency with isolated closed head injury, that were not considered for surgery by the neuro-surgeon or shifted to ICU, but had GCS score of less than 8 and SAPS II score of more than 50. First 50 case records from January 2001 that fulfilled the criteria constituted the control group. The patients were managed as per ATLS protocol and intubated if required at any time before decision to perform tracheostomy was taken. These patients were serially assessed for GCS (worst score of the day as calculated by senior surgical resident) and SAPS scores till day 15 to chart any changes in their status of head injuries and predictive mortality. Those patients who continued to have a GCS score of <8 and SAPS score of >50 for more than 24 hours (to rule out concussion or recovery) underwent tracheostomy. All these patients were finally assessed for mortality rate and hospital stay, the statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS10 version. The final outcome (in terms of mortality) was analyzed utilizing chi-square test and p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: At admission both tracheostomy and non-tracheostomy groups were matched with respect to GCS score and SAPS score. The average day of tracheostomy was 2.18 +/- 1.0038 days. The GCS scores on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 between tracheostomy and non-tracheostomized group were comparable. However the difference in the GCS scores was statistically significant on day 15 being higher in the tracheostomy group. Thus early tracheostomy was observed to improve the mortality rate significantly in patients with isolated closed head injury. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that early tracheostomy is beneficial in patients with isolated closed head injury which is severe enough to affect systemic physiological parameters, in terms of decreased mortality and intubation associated complications in centers where ICU care is not readily available. Also, in a selected group of patients, early tracheostomy may do away with the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1254
T1  - Automated sequential injection-microcolumn approach with on-line flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection for implementing metal fractionation schemes of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous solid samples of environmental interest 438
A1  - Chomchoei,R.
A1  - Miro,M.
A1  - Hansen,E.H.
A1  - Shiowatana,J.
Y1  - 2005/05/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15859585 IN - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand AS - Anal Chem. 77(9):2720-6, 2005 May 1 JC - 4nr, 0370536 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - Fractionation
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Measurement
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - Solid
KW  - Standard
KW  - testing
KW  - Thailand
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2720
EP  - 2726
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
VL  - 77
IS  - 9
N2  - An automated sequential injection (SI) system incorporating a dual-conical microcolumn is proposed as a versatile approach for the accommodation of both single and sequential extraction schemes for metal fractionation of solid samples of environmental concern. Coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection and used for the determination of Cu as a model analyte, the potentials of this novel hyphenated approach are demonstrated by the ability of handling up to a 300 mg sample of a nonhomogeneous sewage amended soil (viz., CRM 483). The three steps of the endorsed Standards, Measurements, and Testing sequential extraction method have been also performed in a dynamic fashion and critically compared with the conventional batchwise protocols. The ecotoxicological relevance of the data provided by both methods with different operationally defined conditions is thoroughly discussed. As compared to traditional batch systems, the developed SI assembly offers minimal risks of sample contamination, the absence of metal re-distribution/readsorption, and dramatic saving of operational times (from 16 h to 40-80 min per partitioning step). It readily facilitates the accurate manipulation of the extracting reagents into the flow network and the minute, well-defined injection of the desired leachate volume into the detector. Moreover, highly time-resolved information on the ongoing extraction is given, which is particularly relevant for monitoring fast leaching kinetics, such as those involving strong chelating agents. On-line and off-line (for Cu, Pb, and Zn) single extraction schemes are also proven to constitute attractive alternatives for fast screening of metal pollution in solid samples and for predicting the current, rather than the potential, element bioavailability by the assessment of the readily mobilizable metal forms
SN  - 0003-2700
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1255
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and the challenge of low back pain: where are we now? 480
A1  - Chou,R.
Y1  - 2005/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17147579 IN - The Oregon Evidence-Based Practice Center, The Department of Medicine, and The Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A AS - Pain pract.. 5(3):153-78, 2005 Sep JC - 101130835 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Observation
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice Center
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Observation
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 178
JF  - Pain Practice.Vol.5(3)()(pp 153-178), 2005.
J1  - Pain Practice
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
N2  - Low back pain has long been described as a challenge for both primary care physicians and specialists. Management of low back pain has also been criticized as frequently arbitrary, inappropriate, or ineffective. Contributing factors have been an inadequate evidence base and a need for more rigorous appraisals of the available literature. Evidence-based medicine, an approach to clinical problem solving, is predicated on the premise that high-quality health care will result from practices consistent with the best evidence. In contrast to the traditional medical paradigm that placed a heavy reliance on expert opinion, authority, and unsystematic clinical observations, evidence-based medicine emphasizes the need for rigorous critical appraisals of the scientific literature to inform medical decision making. Evidence-based medicine places strong weight on the requirement for valid studies, particularly randomized controlled trials, to appropriately evaluate the effectiveness of health care interventions. Because of the rapidly increasing volume of medical literature, however, most clinicians are unable to keep up-to-date with all the new data. Two types of preprocessed evidence that can aid busy clinicians in medical decision making are systematic reviews and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Like primary studies, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines must adhere to high methodologic standards to reduce error and bias. As in other areas of medicine, the approach to the management of low back pain has been positively affected by the availability of more clinical trials and better use of critical appraisal techniques to evaluate and apply research findings. In addition to more rigorous primary studies, an increasing number of high-quality systematic reviews and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for low back pain are also available. Although some research gaps and methodologic shortcomings persist, the richer evidence base has greatly improved our understanding of what does and does not work for low back pain. Despite these advances, the best available evidence often does not inform everyday clinical decisions for low back pain. Nonetheless, there is widespread agreement that adherence to evidence-based practice will help improve low back pain patient outcomes and reduce arbitrary variations in care. This article reviews basic principles of evidence-based medicine, discusses evidence-based medicine in the context of low back pain management, and summarizes some useful evidence-based medicine resources
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1256
T1  - Relevance similarity: an alternative means to monitor information retrieval systems 587
A1  - Dong,P.
A1  - Loh,M.
A1  - Mondry,A.
Y1  - 2005/07/20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16029513 IN - Medical Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore. cindy_dongpeng@yahoo.com AS - Biomed Digit Libr. 2:6, 2005 Jul 20 JC - 101231649 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cats
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - methods
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Performance
KW  - Science
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6
JF  - Biomedical Digital Libraries [Electronic Resource].Vol.3, 2006.Article Number: 8.Date of Publication: 12 JUL 2006.
J1  - Biomedical Digital Libraries [Electronic Resource]
VL  - 2
N2  - BACKGROUND: Relevance assessment is a major problem in the evaluation of information retrieval systems. The work presented here introduces a new parameter, "Relevance Similarity", for the measurement of the variation of relevance assessment. In a situation where individual assessment can be compared with a gold standard, this parameter is used to study the effect of such variation on the performance of a medical information retrieval system. In such a setting, Relevance Similarity is the ratio of assessors who rank a given document same as the gold standard over the total number of assessors in the group. METHODS: The study was carried out on a collection of Critically Appraised Topics (CATs). Twelve volunteers were divided into two groups of people according to their domain knowledge. They assessed the relevance of retrieved topics obtained by querying a meta-search engine with ten keywords related to medical science. Their assessments were compared to the gold standard assessment, and Relevance Similarities were calculated as the ratio of positive concordance with the gold standard for each topic. RESULTS: The similarity comparison among groups showed that a higher degree of agreements exists among evaluators with more subject knowledge. The performance of the retrieval system was not significantly different as a result of the variations in relevance assessment in this particular query set. CONCLUSION: In assessment situations where evaluators can be compared to a gold standard, Relevance Similarity provides an alternative evaluation technique to the commonly used kappa scores, which may give paradoxically low scores in highly biased situations such as document repositories containing large quantities of relevant data
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1257
T1  - The effect of structural variation of alcohols on water solubilization in nonionic microemulsions 2. Branched alcohols as solubilization modifiers: results and interpretation 582
A1  - Ezrahi,S.
A1  - Tuval,E.
A1  - Aserin,A.
A1  - Garti,N.
Y1  - 2005/11/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 15978603 IN - Materials and Chemistry Department, R&D and Project Management Unit, IDF, Israel AS - J Colloid Interface Sci. 291(1):273-81, 2005 Nov 1 JC - HUJ, 0043125 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Colloid
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parameter
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 273
EP  - 281
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
VL  - 291
IS  - 1
N2  - In this second part of a paper dealing with the effect of branched alcohols on solubilization, an attempt has been made to provide explanations of experimental data related mostly to the system Brij 97/branched alcohol + dodecane = 1:1 (by weight)/water at 27+/-0.2 degrees C. Applying the Hou-Shah mechanism it was shown that for many C4-C6 branched alcohol isomers having one methyl branch, solubilization behavior is readily interpreted by assuming control of the critical radius, R(c). Two parameters, both included in the definition of the branching factor, F(b) (which was treated in the first part of the paper), were also used to analyze solubilization data. The first, l(i), is defined as the distance from the free end of the alcohol molecule to the methyl branch. The second, d, is virtually N(A), the chain length of the alcohol. When l(i)>3, the solubilization becomes dominated by the natural radius of curvature, R0. Also, we have suggested that for R(c)-control, solubilization will be enhanced in direct proportion to the distance d-l(i), whereas for R0-control, solubilization will increase with decreasing d-l(i). The validity of our assumptions was demonstrated in many cases. Some examples of the more complicated case of double branching (two methyl groups along the alcohol chain) were also analyzed
SN  - 0021-9797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1258
T1  - No "gold standard" critical appraisal tool for allied health research.[comment] 573
A1  - Glenny,A.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16355243 IN - Cochrane Oral Health Group, MANDEC, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Manchester, UK CM - Comment on: BMC Med Res Methodol. 2004 Sep 16;4:22; PMID: 15369598 AS - Evid. - based dent.. 6(4):100-1, 2005 JC - 100883603 CP - England PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - form
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health research
KW  - Hospital
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Needs
KW  - Oral Health
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - quality
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 100
EP  - 101
JF  - Evidence-Based Dentistry
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - DATA SOURCES: Electronic database and internet site searching was performed with no language or time limits. The search terms were broad, and consisted of words such as critical appraisal tools, critical appraisal, critical review form, systematic review form, appraisal of research methodology and research design review. STUDY SELECTION: Critical appraisal tools were included if they were applicable to at least one research design (quantitative and qualitative research), had clear and unambiguous criteria, and could produce a numeric quality score. Critical appraisal instruments that were not published in full, or were not in English, were excluded. Tools that were used for appraisal of diagnostic instruments and clinical guidelines were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The critical appraisal tools were classified according to the study design for which they were intended. Their items were then classified into one of 12 criteria based on their intent. Commonly occurring items were identified. The empirical basis for construction of the tool, the method by which overall quality of the study was established, psychometric properties of the critical appraisal tools and whether guidelines were provided for their use were also recorded. RESULTS: The search identified 193 articles, of which 108 met inclusion criteria. A total of 121 different critical appraisal tools were retrieved. Eighty-seven percent of critical appraisal tools were specific to a research design, with most tools having been developed for experimental studies. There was considerable variability in items contained in the critical appraisal tools. Twelve percent of available tools were developed using specified empirical research. Forty-nine percent of the critical appraisal tools summarised the quality appraisal into a numeric summary score. Few critical appraisal tools had documented evidence of validity of their items, or reliability of use. Guidelines regarding administration of the tools were provided in 43% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable variability in intent, components, construction and psychometric properties of published critical appraisal tools for research reports. There is no "gold standard" critical appraisal tool for any study design, nor is there any widely accepted generic tool that can be applied equally well across study types. No tool was specific to allied health research requirements. Thus, interpretation of critical appraisal of research reports currently needs to be considered in light of the properties and intent of the critical appraisal tool chosen for the task
SN  - 1462-0049
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1259
T1  - The Evidence Based Medicine approach to diagnostic testing: practicalities and limitations 576
A1  - Hawkins,R.C.
Y1  - 2005/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16278748 IN - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 308433, Singapore. Robert_Hawkins@ttsh.com.sg AS - Clin. biochem. rev.. 26(2):7-18, 2005 May JC - 8215797 CP - Australia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cats
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Technique
KW  - Terminology
KW  - testing
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 18
JF  - Clinical Biochemist Reviews
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has become a popular approach to medical decision making and is increasingly part of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. EBM follows four steps: 1. formulate a clear clinical question from a patient's problem; 2. search the literature for relevant clinical articles; 3. evaluate (critically appraise) the evidence for its validity and usefulness; 4. implement useful findings into clinical practice. This review describes the concepts, terminology and skills taught to attendees at EBM courses, focusing specifically on the approach taken to diagnostic questions. It covers how to ask an answerable clinical question, search for evidence, construct diagnostic critically appraised topics (CATs), and use sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, kappa and phi statistics. It familiarises readers with the lexicon and techniques of EBM and allows better understanding of the needs of EBM practitioners
SN  - 0159-8090
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1260
T1  - Fostering critical thinking skills: a strategy for enhancing evidence based wellness care 583
A1  - Jamison,J.R.
Y1  - 2005/09/08/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16146578 IN - School of Chiropractic, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6849, Australia. J.Jamison@murdoch.edu.au AS - Chiropr Osteopat. 13:19, 2005 Sep 8 JC - 101245797 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - diversity
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning experiences
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Evaluation
KW  - play
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - self
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Western Australia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
JF  - Chiropractic & Osteopathy [Electronic Resource].Vol.14, 2006.Article Number: 26.Date of Publication: 31 OCT 2006.
J1  - Chiropractic & Osteopathy [Electronic Resource]
VL  - 13
N2  - Chiropractic has traditionally regarded itself a wellness profession. As wellness care is postulated to play a central role in the future growth of chiropractic, the development of a wellness ethos acceptable within conventional health care is desirable. This paper describes a unit which prepares chiropractic students for the role of "wellness coaches". Emphasis is placed on providing students with exercises in critical thinking in an effort to prepare them for the challenge of interfacing with an increasingly evidence based health care system. METHODS: This case study describes how health may be promoted and disease prevented through development of personalized wellness programs. As critical thinking is essential to the provision of evidence based wellness care, diverse learning opportunities for developing and refining critical thinking skills have been created. Three of the learning opportunities are an intrinsic component of the subject and, taken together, contributed over 50% of the final grade of the unit. They include a literature review, developing a client wellness contract and peer evaluation. In addition to these 3 compulsory exercises, students were also given an opportunity to develop their critical appraisal skills by undertaking voluntary self- and unit evaluation. Several opportunities for informal self-appraisal were offered in a structured self-study guide, while unit appraisal was undertaken by means of a questionnaire and group discussion at which the Head of School was present. RESULTS: Formal assessment showed all students capable of preparing a wellness program consistent with current thinking in contemporary health care. The small group of students who appraised the unit seemed to value the diversity of learning experiences provided. Opportunities for voluntary unit and self-appraisal were used to varying degrees. Unit evaluation provided useful feedback that led to substantial changes in unit structure. CONCLUSION: Students have demonstrated themselves capable of applying critical thinking in construction of evidence based wellness programs. With respect to unit design, selective use of learning opportunities highlighted the desirability of using obligatory learning opportunities to ensure exposure to core constructs while student feedback was found to provide useful information for enriching unit review. It is hoped inclusion of critical thinking learning opportunities in the undergraduate chiropractic curriculum will contribute to the development of an evidence based ethos in chiropractic care
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1261
T1  - Integrating evidence-based teaching into to clinical practice should improve outcomes.[comment] 581
A1  - Richards,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16208393 IN - Centre for Evidence-based Dentistry, Oxford, UK CM - Comment on: BMJ. 2004 Oct 30;329(7473):1017; PMID: 15514348 AS - Evid. - based dent.. 6(2):47, 2005 JC - 100883603 CP - England PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Achievement
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - best evidence medical education
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - integrated teaching method
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Register
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - standalone teaching method
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Technology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 47
JF  - Evidence-Based Dentistry
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Data sources: Sources used were Medline, Embase, the Education Resources Information Centre , Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment database, Best Evidence, Best Evidence Medical Education and Science Citation Index, along with reference lists of known systematic reviews. Study selection: Studies were chosen for inclusion if they evaluated the effects of postgraduate evidence-based medicine (EBM) or critical appraisal teaching in comparison with a control group or baseline before teaching, using a measure of participants' learning achievements or patients' health gains as outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Articles were graded as either level 1 (randomised controlled trials (RCT)) or level 2 (non-randomised studies that either had a comparison with a control group), or a before and after comparison without a control group. Learning achievement was assessed separately for knowledge, critical appraisal skills, attitudes and behaviour. Because of obvious heterogeneity in the features of individual studies, their quality and assessment tools used, a meta-analysis could not be carried out. Conclusions were weighted by methodological quality. RESULTS: Twenty-three relevant studies were identified, comprising four RCT, seven non-RCT, and 12 before and after comparison studies. Eighteen studies (including two RCT) evaluated a standalone teaching method and five studies (including two RCT) evaluated a clinically integrated teaching method. CONCLUSIONS: Standalone teaching improved knowledge but not skills, attitudes or behaviour. Clinically integrated teaching improved knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviour. Teaching of EBM should be moved from classrooms to clinical practice to achieve improvements in substantial outcomes
SN  - 1462-0049
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1262
T1  - Do community medicine residency trainees learn through journal club? An experience from a developing country
A1  - Akhund,S.
A1  - Kadir,M.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16925800 IN - Human Development Programme, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. saima.akhund@aku.edu AS - BMC Med Educ. 6:43, 2006 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Academic Medical Centers
KW  - *Community Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Periodicals/st [Standards]
KW  - *Program Evaluation
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Databases
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Development
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - medical training
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - participation
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Journal clubs are an internationally recognized teaching tool in many postgraduate medical education fields. In developing countries lack of funds for current print materials may have limited journal club use. But with advancing information technology trainees in developing countries increasingly have more access to high quality journals online. However, we are aware of no studies describing journal club existence and effectiveness in postgraduate medical training in Pakistan. Also we have found no published effectiveness studies of this teaching modality in Community Medicine (Public Health) in any country. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Community Medicine (Public Health) Resident Journal Club (CMR-JC) in Aga Khan University, Pakistan using international criteria for successful journal clubs (2 years continuous existence and more than 50% attendance) and examining resident and alumni satisfaction. METHODS: Journal club effectiveness criteria were searched using electronic search databases. Departmental records were reviewed from September 1999-September 2005. Ninety percent of residents and alumni of Community Medicine Residency Programme participated voluntarily in a confidential survey. RESULTS: The CMR-JC was regularly conducted. More than 95% of residents attended. (Total residents in the CMR-Programme: 32). Twenty-seven out of 29 current residents/alumni responded to the anonymous questionnaire. Acquisition of critical appraisal skills (23 respondents) and keeping up with current literature (18 respondents) were the two most important objectives achieved. Respondents recommended improved faculty participation and incorporating a structured checklist for article review. CONCLUSION: CMR-JC fulfils criteria for effective journal clubs. Residents and alumni agree CMR-JC meets its objectives. Incorporating suggested recommendations will further improve standards. The journal club learning modality should be included in residency training programs in developing countries. Effective use of online resources to support journal clubs is demonstrated as a successful alternative to excessive expenditure for obtaining print journals. Those trying to start or improve journal clubs can benefit from our experience
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1263
T1  - EBM user and practitioner models for graduate medical education: what do residents prefer?
A1  - Akl,E.A.
A1  - Maroun,N.
A1  - Neagoe,G.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
A1  - Schunemann,H.J.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16707306 IN - Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo, State University of NY, Buffalo, NY, USA AS - Med Teach. 28(2):192-4, 2006 Mar JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Consumer Satisfaction
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
EP  - 194
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
N2  - The objective of the study reported in this article was to assess and explain medical residents' preferences for the evidence based medicine (EBM) practitioner versus the EBM user models. A self-administered survey and focus group of residents attending a core curriculum EBM master session were undertaken. Most residents, particularly those earlier in their training, preferred the practitioner model. Residents perceived that model as an opportunity to gain advanced EBM skills during residency, as providing the ability to choose practicing under both models, and as offering the gain of independent thinking and greater self-confidence in their critical appraisal skills. The user model had the advantage of reduced time requirements. In sum, the majority of residents preferred a curriculum that focuses on the practitioner over the user model
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1264
T1  - Hershey Medical Center Technical Workshop Report: optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies for assessing neurodevelopmental effects from in utero chemical exposure. [Review] [101 refs]
A1  - Amler,R.W.
A1  - Barone S Jr
A1  - Belger,A.
A1  - Berlin,C.M.,Jr.
A1  - Cox,C.
A1  - Frank,H.
A1  - Goodman,M.
A1  - Harry,J.
A1  - Hooper,S.R.
A1  - Ladda,R.
A1  - LaKind,J.S.
A1  - Lipkin,P.H.
A1  - Lipsitt,L.P.
A1  - Lorber,M.N.
A1  - Myers,G.
A1  - Mason,A.M.
A1  - Needham,L.L.
A1  - Sonawane,B.
A1  - Wachs,T.D.
A1  - Yager,J.W.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16889835 IN - School of Public Health, New York Medical College, USA AS - Neurotoxicology. 27(5):861-74, 2006 Sep JC - oap, 7905589 SB - IM CP - Netherlands PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Biomedical Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Environmental Exposure/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/pp [Physiopathology]
KW  - *Research Design/st [Standards]
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Central Nervous System
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Competence
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Confounding Variable
KW  - Consensus
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Interpretation,Statistical
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Error
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Female
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Injury
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - Life
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - New York
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - principles
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Public Health
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Error
KW  - Time
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - tracking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 861
EP  - 874
JF  - Neurotoxicology
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
N2  - Neurodevelopmental disabilities affect 3-8% of the 4 million babies born each year in the U.S. alone, with known etiology for less than 25% of those disabilities. Numerous investigations have sought to determine the role of environmental exposures in the etiology of a variety of human neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., learning disabilities, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities) that are manifested in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. A comprehensive critical examination and discussion of the various methodologies commonly used in investigations is needed. The Hershey Medical Center Technical Workshop: Optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies for assessing neurodevelopmental effects from in utero chemical exposure provided such a forum for examining these methodologies. The objective of the Workshop was to develop scientific consensus on the key principles and considerations for optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies of in utero exposure to environmental chemicals and subsequent neurodevelopmental effects. (The Panel recognized that the nervous system develops post-natally and that critical periods of exposure can span several developmental life stages.) Discussions from the Workshop Panel generated 17 summary points representing key tenets of work in this field. These points stressed the importance of: a well-defined, biologically plausible hypothesis as the foundation of in utero studies for assessing neurodevelopmental outcomes; understanding of the exposure to the environmental chemical(s) of interest, underlying mechanisms of toxicity, and anticipated outcomes; the use of a prospective, longitudinal cohort design that, when possible, runs for periods of 2-5 years, and possibly even longer, in an effort to assess functions at key developmental epochs; measuring potentially confounding variables at regular, fixed time intervals; including measures of specific cognitive and social-emotional domains along with non-cognitive competence in young children, as well as comprehensive measures of health; consistency of research design protocols across studies (i.e., tests, covariates, and analysis styles) in an effort to improve interstudy comparisons; emphasis on design features that minimize introduction of systematic error at all stages of investigation: participant selection, data collection and analysis, and interpretation of results; these would include (but not be limited to) reducing selection bias, using double-blind designs, and avoiding post hoc formulation of hypotheses; a priori data analysis strategies tied to hypotheses and the overall research design, particularly for methods used to characterize and address confounders in any neurodevelopmental study; actual quantitative measurements of exposure, even if indirect, rather than methods based on subject recall; careful examination of standard test batteries to ensure that the battery is tailored to the age group as well as what is known about the specific neurotoxic effects on the developing nervous system; establishment of a system for neurodevelopmental surveillance for tracking the outcomes from in utero exposure across early developmental time periods to determine whether central nervous system injuries may be lying silent until developmentally challenged; ongoing exploration of computerized measures that are culturally and linguistically sensitive, and span the age range from birth into the adolescent years; routine incorporation of narrative in manuscripts concerning the possibility of spurious (i.e., false positive and false negative) test results in all research reportage (this can be facilitated by detailed, transparent reporting of design, covariates, and analyses so that others can attempt to replicate the study); forthright, disciplined, and intellectually honest treatment of the extent to which results of any study are conclusive--that is, how generalizable the results of the study are in terms of the implications for the individual study participants, the community studied, and human health overall; confinement of reporting to the actual research questions, how they were tested, and what the study found, and avoiding, or at least keeping to a minimum, any opinions or speculation concerning public health implications; education of clinicians and policymakers to critically read scientific reports, and to interpret study findings and conclusions appropriately; and recognition by investigators of their ethical duty to report negative as well as positive findings, and the importance of neither minimizing nor exaggerating these findings. [References: 101]
SN  - 0161-813X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1265
T1  - A graphic framework for teaching critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials
A1  - Attia,J.
A1  - Page,J.
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16411579 IN - University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia AS - Equine Vet J. 38(1):7-9, 2006 Jan JC - ej9, 0173320 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Veterinary/st [Standards]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Animals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audiovisual Aids
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Drawing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Memory
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Resident
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 9
JF  - Equine Veterinary Journal
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
N2  - Students of evidence-based medicine often try unsuccessfully to commit to memory a particular critical appraisal framework (often lengthy), or they have to depend on pocket cards and are lost without them. We have described a pedagogic aid: a flow diagram of an RCT, which has been developed over years of teaching residents. This diagram focuses on the steps in an RCT, and by drawing arrows, it highlights the biases possible at each step. This diagram serves as a framework on which the list of critical appraisal questions can be hung and is easy to remember
SN  - 0425-1644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1266
T1  - [The evolution of teaching education in the health area]. [Spanish]
A1  - avides-Caballero,Tde J.
A1  - Insfran-Sanchez,M.D.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16674856 IN - Centro de Invetigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. teresa.benavides@imss.gob.mx OT - La evolucion de la formacion docente en el area de la salud AS - REV. MED. INST. MEX. SEGURO SOC.. 44(2):105-12, 2006 Mar-Apr JC - 101243727 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - Comparative Study PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - grades
KW  - health
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Labor
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Performance
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Social Security
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 112
JF  - Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance through time of the Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente (Educational Research and Teaching Education Center) at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security), Nuevo Leon Office using as an indicator the ability for critical reading of theoretical texts of education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was made among professors with and without teaching education, as well as among the several generations of professors that took teaching education courses at the Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente. A previously validated instrument was used to measure the ability for critical reading. It was applied to 358 professors, 107 with teaching education at the Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente in Monterrey and 251 without teaching education, at the IMSS Nuevo Leon Office. RESULTS: It was found that the previous teaching education constitutes a "positive risk" with an odds ratio of 17.66 (CI 9.02-34.12). Statistically significant differences were also found between not educated professors (median of 15) and educated professors (median of 35). In the scale, the grades at random and very low predominated in not educated professors, while the educated ones were located in the low and average. CONCLUSION: Professors at the Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente are improving their teaching labor using research as a means of self-criticism
SN  - 0443-5117
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1267
T1  - Reader acknowledges that nurse leaders have a critical role in oncology nursing.[comment]
A1  - Baluyut,K.L.
Y1  - 2006/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16862654 CM - Comment on: Oncol Nurs Forum. 2006 Mar;33(2):205-7; PMID: 16568585 AS - Oncol Nurs Forum. 33(4):683, 2006 Jul JC - 7809033, 7809033 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Leadership
KW  - *Nurse Administrators
KW  - *Oncologic Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Letter
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Role
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 683
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2007 Jan; 34(1): 93-9.(39 ref)
J1  - Oncology Nursing Forum
VL  - Online.
IS  - 4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1268
T1  - Application of theory-based health behavior change techniques to the prevention of obesity in children
A1  - Beckman,H.
A1  - Hawley,S.
A1  - Bishop,T.
Y1  - 2006/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16843211 IN - Prairie View, Inc., Newton Medical Office Plaza, Newton, KS, USA. ht.beckmann@hosp.wisc.edu AS - J Pediatr Nurs. 21(4):266-75, 2006 Aug JC - jns, 8607529 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Attitude to Health
KW  - *Community Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Health Behavior
KW  - *Health Education/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Obesity/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Psychological Theory
KW  - Abbreviations
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior Change
KW  - Body Image
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child Psychology
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Family
KW  - Family/px [Psychology]
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Games,Experimental
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Obesity/px [Psychology]
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching Materials
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 266
EP  - 275
JF  - Journal of Pediatric Nursing
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - Few studies that apply behavior change constructs such as goal setting, self-efficacy, and readiness for change to childhood obesity interventions exist. The purpose of this study was to adapt these constructs for use within a community-based obesity prevention program designed for fifth and sixth graders and their families. Games, worksheets, and a helpful acronym made the constructs developmentally appropriate and comprehensible to 11- and 12-year-olds. The age-adapted techniques have the potential to enhance obesity programs in a population for whom the obesity issue is critical
SN  - 0882-5963
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1269
T1  - Information-seeking behaviors and reflective practice
A1  - Bennett,N.L.
A1  - Casebeer,L.L.
A1  - Zheng,S.
A1  - Kristofco,R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16802313 IN - Outcomes, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama, USA AS - J Contin Educ Health Prof. 26(2):120-7, 2006 JC - jhp, 8805847 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Information Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Internet/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Knowledge Bases
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Male
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Safety
KW  - Sample
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 120
EP  - 127
JF  - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
N2  - INTRODUCTION: As they care for patients, physicians raise questions, but they pursue only a portion of them. Without the best information and evidence, care and patient safety may be compromised. Understanding when and why problems prompt physicians to look for information and integrate results into their knowledge base is critical and shapes one part of reflection about care. This study explores the role of the Internet in gathering medical information as one step in that reflective practice, the barriers to its use, and changes in utilization over time. METHODS: A questionnaire with 18 items adapted from previous studies was sent by facsimile to a randomly selected sample of U.S. physicians in all specialties and active in practice. RESULTS: Specific patient problems and latest research in a specific topic most often prompt physicians to search on the Internet. Younger physicians and female physicians were most likely to seek information on a specific patient problem. Only 9% of all respondents (n = 2,500) searched for information during a patient encounter. When unsure about diagnostic and management issues for a complex case, 41.3% chose to consult with a colleague or read from a text (22.8%). Searching most often occurred at home after work (38.2%) or during breaks in the day (35.7%). Most (68.7%) found the information they were looking for more than 51% of the time. Searching was facilitated by knowing preferred sites and access in the clinical setting. The greatest barriers to answering clinical questions included a lack of specific information and too much information to scan. DISCUSSION: Although physicians are increasingly successful and confident in their Internet searching to answer questions raised in patient care, few choose to seek medical information during a patient encounter. Internet information access may facilitate overall reflection on practice; physicians do not yet use this access in a just-in-time manner for immediately solving difficult patient problems but instead continue to rely on consultation with colleagues. Professional association Web sites and point-of-care databases are helpful. From physicians' use of the Internet, professionals in continuing medical education must learn which search engines and sites are trusted and preferred
SN  - 0894-1912
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1270
T1  - Improving compliance in depression: a systematic review of narrative reviews. [Review] [69 refs]
A1  - Bollini,P.
A1  - Pampallona,S.
A1  - Kupelnick,B.
A1  - Tibaldi,G.
A1  - Munizza,C.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16789991 IN - forMed, Statistics for Medicine, Evolene, Switzerland AS - J Clin Pharm Ther. 31(3):253-60, 2006 Jun JC - hpi, 8704308 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Antidepressive Agents/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - *Depressive Disorder/dt [Drug Therapy]
KW  - *Patient Compliance
KW  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
KW  - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors)
KW  - Antidepressive Agents/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Depression
KW  - Depressive Disorder/px [Psychology]
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Education
KW  - Empathy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Family
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 260
JF  - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Narrative reviews represent a popular source of information for clinicians, especially where the evidence on a given subject is sparse and analogies from other fields of medicine may help in filling the information gap. Unfortunately, narrative reviews often follow less stringent criteria for information selection and appraisal than systematic reviews, potentially leading to incomplete or biased recommendations. The objective of the present study was to examine the quality of the recommendations provided by narrative reviews on how to improve patient adherence to pharmacological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. METHOD: We sought to locate all narrative review papers addressing adherence to treatment in unipolar depressive disorders. In order to do so, we searched Medline and PsychInfo from 1980 to December 2003, using the following keywords: review, depressive disorders, treatment, dropout, patient compliance and adherence. We inspected the title and the abstract, whenever available to identify the relevant reviews and obtained a full copy of the publications in this subset, and read the articles to identify further relevant reviews. These were in turn copied and reviewed, until no further references were found. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We identified 23 reviews, providing a total of 87 recommendations. The most common recommendation was for patient education (19 times), patient-physician empathy/alliance (14 times), and education of family (nine times). Reviewers' recommendations were based on the literature on depression 54 times, and on other medical conditions 17 times. A critical appraisal of the evidence base of the recommendations showed that randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses were quoted to support the recommendations only 23% of the times, while important interventions of proven efficacy in the field of depression or in other chronic conditions (e.g. medication clinics, training of nurses, psychological treatment, and telephone follow-up) were not mentioned. Conclusions: Narrative reviews on adherence to pharmacological treatment of depressive disorders suffer not only from the limited availability of good quality evidence, but also from an incomplete critical appraisal of available evidence on interventions both for depression and for other chronic disorders. [References: 69]
SN  - 0269-4727
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1271
T1  - Improving knowledge and attitudes toward older adults through innovative educational strategies
A1  - Burbank,P.M.
A1  - Dowling-Castronovo,A.
A1  - Crowther,M.R.
A1  - Capezuti,E.A.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16564473 IN - College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 02881, USA. pburbank@uri.edu AS - J Prof Nurs. 22(2):91-7, 2006 Mar-Apr JC - h3p, 8511298 SB - IM, N CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Geriatric Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - *Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - business
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - content
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Foundations/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Geriatric Assessment
KW  - Geriatric Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Holistic Health
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Long Term Care
KW  - Long-Term Care
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Population
KW  - Prejudice
KW  - principles
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Rhode Island
KW  - Risk Reduction Behavior
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Training Support/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 91
EP  - 97
JF  - Journal of Professional Nursing
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
N2  - Our country's rapidly growing older adult population represents the core business of health care; however, few nurses are adequately prepared to care for their unique needs. This is caused, in part, by the limited attention paid by nursing educators to incorporating basic gerontological nursing principles into undergraduate programs. During the last 7 years, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, through the generous support of the John A. Hartford Foundation, has led several initiatives to improve gerontological nursing education in baccalaureate programs. This article describes innovative educational strategies successfully implemented by three nursing programs--New York University, Tuskegee University, and University of Rhode Island--to increase knowledge and improve attitudes of nursing students in caring for older adults. Successful strategies include a long-term care guide, a senior mentor experience, student assignments addressing diversity issues, student debates, critical reflective journalizing, and an evaluation tool for measuring student attitudes. These strategies are readily reproducible and assist faculty to easily integrate gerontological nursing content into the curriculum while simultaneously enhancing student attitudes and knowledge
SN  - 8755-7223
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1272
T1  - Re: Journal club and teaching evidence-based medicine.[comment]
A1  - Carpenter,C.R.
A1  - Katz,E.
A1  - Char,D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16982370 CM - Comment on: J Emerg Med. 2005 Apr;28(3):353-9; PMID: 15769588 AS - J Emerg Med. 31(3):306-7; author reply 307-8, 2006 Oct JC - ibo, 8412174 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Emergency Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Author
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 306
EP  - 307
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine.Vol.31(3)()(pp 307-308), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SN  - 0736-4679
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1273
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: discrepancy between perceived competence and actual performance among graduating medical students
A1  - Caspi,O.
A1  - McKnight,P.
A1  - Kruse,L.
A1  - Cunningham,V.
A1  - Figueredo,A.J.
A1  - Sechrest,L.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16807169 IN - Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel. ocaspi@ahsc.arizona.edu AS - Med Teach. 28(4):318-25, 2006 Jun JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Self Concept
KW  - *Students,Medical/px [Psychology]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Proxy
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - respect
KW  - School
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 318
EP  - 325
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
N2  - Since at the time of graduation from medical school physicians are expected to demonstrate adequate professional competence including mastery of critical appraisal skills, we conducted a preliminary, cross-sectional, web-based study to examine the extent to which fourth year medical students in the US are competent in core areas of evidence-based medicine (EBM). Using self-assessment instruments, subjects (n = 150) were asked to demonstrate their ability to understand the practical meaning of key methodological and data analysis constructs as they relate to patient care, to rate their perceived competence in core areas of EBM and to disclose their attitudes toward critical appraisal of the literature and EBM. The mean score in our cohort was 55% suggesting that students may have knowledge gaps that interfere with their ability to critically appraise the medical literature. There was an apparent chasm between subjects' perceived competence and their actual performance on the assessment instrument. These findings, if corroborated in larger studies, (1) suggest that better education in EBM is needed so as to avoid the possibility that patient care may inadvertently be jeopardized; and (2) cast doubt on the use of self-assessed knowledge as a proxy for actual skills with respect to EBM and medical decision-making
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1274
T1  - An independent AGREE evaluation of the Occupational Medicine Practice Guidelines
A1  - Cates,J.R.
A1  - Young,D.N.
A1  - Bowerman,D.S.
A1  - Porter,R.C.
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16413451 IN - Private practice of chiropractic orthopedics, 200 N. 6th Street, Oregon, IL 61061, USA. cates@essex1.com AS - Spine J. 6(1):72-7, 2006 Jan-Feb JC - 101130732 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Guideline Adherence
KW  - *Occupational Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Author
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Humans
KW  - Independence
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Research
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
JF  - Spine Journal: Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: A large number of practice guidelines are being produced by numerous organizations. Health-care professionals need to critically evaluate these practice guidelines to understand whether they are well constructed and representative of the preponderance of evidence. The guideline development process should be precise and rigorous to ensure that the results are reproducible and not vague. PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of the second edition of the practice guidelines published by the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM Guidelines). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Four appraisers used the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation) guideline evaluation instrument to evaluate the ACOEM Guidelines. METHODS: The Guidelines were evaluated with the AGREE guideline evaluation instrument. The AGREE instrument has been widely adopted around the world, and the authors recommended that it be adopted as the standard of guideline construction process evaluation in the United States. The instrument standardizes the quantitative assessment of quality for a guideline's development process across six domains that include: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity and presentation, application, and editorial independence. Scores from four assessors were collected and interpreted. Additionally, each evaluator selected one of four global assessment choices: "strongly recommended for use in practice," "recommended for use with some modification or proviso," "not recommended as suitable for use in practice," or "unsure". RESULTS: The ACOEM Guidelines scored highest in the dimensions that evaluated reporting of the guideline's scope and purpose (79.63) as well as clarity and presentation (86.81). The guideline scored much lower in the remaining areas that included stakeholder involvement (46.06), rigor of development (26.59), application (31.48), and editorial independence (19.17). The global assessment was unanimous with all four evaluators assessing the guideline as recommend with proviso. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the Guidelines recommendations were consistent with current literature and guidelines; however, the AGREE assessment instrument evaluates the guideline development process and not the content. All the evaluators thought the content of the guidelines was substantially better than the documentation of the guideline construction process. The ACOEM Guidelines appear to have content consistent with their stated objectives, but the reporting of the guidelines construction process, particularly the rigor of recommendation development, is flawed, and the recommendations may not be valid owing to possible evidence selection deficiencies. The reader should consider these flaws and limitations when using the guideline. The reader should consider utilizing guidelines of higher quality when possible. Future guidelines should incorporate better reporting and give closer attention to guideline construction
SN  - 1529-9430
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1275
T1  - [Evidence-base medicine and critical appraisal]. [French]
A1  - Chabot,J.M.
Y1  - 2006/10/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17137257 OT - EBM et lecture critique AS - Rev Prat. 56(15):1693-4, 2006 Oct 15 JC - t1d, 0404334 SB - IM CP - France PT - Journal Article LG - French
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - France
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1693
EP  - 1694
JF  - Revue du Praticien.Vol.56(15)()(pp 1693-1694), 2006.Date of Publication: 15 OCT 2006.
J1  - Revue du Praticien
VL  - 56
IS  - 15
SN  - 0035-2640
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1276
T1  - Biomedical journals: keeping up and reading critically. [Review] [34 refs]
A1  - Chase,K.L.
A1  - DiGiacomo,R.F.
A1  - Van Hoosier,G.L.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16995641 IN - University of Washington, Department of Comparative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. chasey@u.washington.edu AS - J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 45(5):8-15, 2006 Sep JC - 101269489 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Animals,Laboratory
KW  - *Education,Medical,Continuing
KW  - *Education,Veterinary
KW  - *Journalism,Medical
KW  - *Laboratory Animal Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Certification
KW  - challenge
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Coping
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Animal Science/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Laboratory Animal Science/td [Trends]
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
JF  - Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science: JAALAS
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
N2  - By extrapolation from studies of physicians, knowledge and practice of laboratory animal medicine and science are expected to become progressively more outdated the longer practitioners are out of school. Keeping up with current literature and practice is a challenge that necessitates the use of many different sources of continuing education. Both veterinarians and physicians consistently list journals as the most beneficial source of new information. Accordingly, they must select from the veterinary and biomedical literature articles that report original studies and systematic reviews and recognize and respond to valid new knowledge to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and maintain consistent clinical skills. Other objectives include selecting journals for general information and for information relevant or specific to one's field of research. Lastly, candidates for board certification need to read articles from journals that potentially provide the basis for questions on the examination. 'High-impact' journals should be identified, and articles should be reviewed critically. In a survey of recent candidates for laboratory animal medicine board examination, these journals included Contemporary Topics (now JAALAS), Comparative Medicine, ILAR Journal, and Laboratory Animals. Strategies for coping with the challenge of staying current with the literature include wise use of technology, journal clubs, and consultation with colleagues. A laboratory animal practitioner can become a better scientist and clinician by evaluating the research performed by others. Thorough, critical review of biomedical literature is paramount to these goals. [References: 34]
SN  - 1559-6109
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1277
T1  - Clinical evidence and evidence-based dental treatment of special populations: patients with Alzheimer's disease
A1  - Chiappelli,F.
A1  - Manfrini,E.
A1  - Edgerton,M.
A1  - Rosenblum,M.
A1  - Cajulis,K.D.
A1  - Prolo,P.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16866013 IN - Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, CA 90095, USA AS - J Calif Dent Assoc. 34(6):439-47, 2006 Jun JC - jdc, 8905668 SB - D CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Alzheimer Disease
KW  - *Dental Care for Disabled
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged,80 and Over
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - California
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communication Barriers
KW  - context
KW  - Contrast
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Dementia
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Status Schedule
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - respect
KW  - School
KW  - Self Assessment (Psychology)
KW  - special needs
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 439
EP  - 447
JF  - Journal of the California Dental Association
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
N2  - This paper presents the novel domain of evidence-based research in the context of treating the dental needs of patients with special needs. A contrast is made between evidence-based dentistry and traditional dentistry, which is based on the evidence obtained by the dentist, with respect to the needs and the wants of the patient, and from the pertinent and accessible literature. By contrast, evidence-based dentistry is focused on integrating traditional dentistry with "the best available" research evidence. The aim of evidence-based dentistry is to improve clinical decision-making by its reliance on a critical analysis of the entire body of the published pertinent literature. It is a system of information management, and a system of data integration that assist clinicians in the process of meshing systemic clinical expertise, evidence provided by the patient, and the best literature evidence to enhance treatment outcomes. Evidence-based dentistry emphasizes rigorous analysis of evidence from clinical research, as the basis of sound dental practice, while discouraging intuitive and unsystematic approaches and promoting the systematic analysis and appraisal of the literature to determine the best treatment alternatives. In the case of patients with special needs, it is critical whether the dentist practices traditional dentistry or evidence-based dentistry to evaluate whether or not the patient is capable of expressing his or her needs/wants, unless, as in the more severe cases, he/she is accompanied by the caregiver. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of a simple in-house questionnaire for evaluating the patient's ability to tell the dentist his or her needs and wants accurately. In this context, the paper examines the dental needs of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type, DAT
SN  - 1043-2256
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1278
T1  - An interdisciplinary course for trainee psychiatrists: feedback and implications
A1  - Chur-Hansen,A.
A1  - Koopowitz,L.
A1  - Jureidini,J.
A1  - Abhary,S.
A1  - McLean,S.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16734648 IN - Department of Psychiatry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. anna.churhansen@adelaide.edu.au AS - Australas. psychiatry. 14(2):186-91, 2006 Jun JC - 9613603 SB - IM CP - Australia PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Interprofessional Relations
KW  - *Patient Care Team
KW  - *Psychiatry/ed [Education]
KW  - *Training Support/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Australia
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Responses
KW  - Skill
KW  - South Australia
KW  - Staff
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 186
EP  - 191
JF  - Australasian Psychiatry
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To describe a course for trainee psychiatrists, designed to encourage critical thinking within an interdisciplinary framework. Trainees' responses to the course, and the implications of these for teaching, learning and clinical practice, are considered. METHOD: Trainees were interviewed, and their responses subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: To some extent, the course appears to have met its objectives. However, some trainees found parts of the course content threatening, and reported negative perceptions of teaching staff and the process of critical appraisal. CONCLUSIONS: Challenging taken for granted beliefs in psychiatry is a fundamental skill, which should be fostered in trainee psychiatrists if the profession is to move forwards as an intellectual and clinical discipline. The lessons learned from the course we describe may be useful to others who wish to pursue integrated, interdisciplinary teaching methods
SN  - 1039-8562
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1279
T1  - Training at Washington University School of Medicine in Psychiatry in the late l950's, from the perspective of an affective disorder researcher
A1  - Clayton,P.J.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16527361 IN - American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, New York 10005, USA. pclayton@afsp.org AS - J Affect Disord. 92(1):13-7, 2006 May JC - h3v, 7906073 SB - IM CP - Netherlands PT - Biography PT - Historical Article PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Mood Disorders/hi [History]
KW  - *Psychiatry/hi [History]
KW  - *Universities
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - Clayton P
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Genetics
KW  - History,20th Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Model
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - New York
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Psychiatric Patients
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - Structured Interview
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Teaching
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
JF  - Journal of Affective Disorders
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
N2  - In the late 1950s three men in the Department of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, Drs. Eli Robins, Sam Guze and George Winokur, developed sets of criteria, based on published data and their own research, for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. They also presented data on how to validate these diagnoses. They termed their endeavor, "The medical model for psychiatric disorders." Residents were taught how to use criteria to diagnose and treat psychiatric patients. Besides clinical interviewing, the emphasis was on published data, critical literature reading and research, either basic or clinical, always using structured interviews. All residents were required to do psychiatric research, supervised by one of the full-time staff. Besides the three above, there were many other faculty members who were actively engaged in teaching and research, but they all adhered to the above model. Repetition was the most important aspect of learning. It was an exciting time to be there and that enthusiasm led to many of the trainees continuing to be committed to academic careers and the others, to a very high standard of psychiatric care. In addition, it led to the development of DSMIII and beyond, a host of validated structured interviews, a method for testing new drugs, a method for validating psychiatric diagnoses, an emphasis on the importance of genetics to psychiatry, and many important clinical findings
SN  - 0165-0327
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1280
T1  - Nurse-led care in dermatology: a review of the literature. [Review] [25 refs]
A1  - Courtenay,M.
A1  - Carey,N.
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16403087 IN - School of Health and Social Care, University of Reading, Reading, UK. m.cortenay@reading.ac.uk AS - Br J Dermatol. 154(1):1-6, 2006 Jan JC - aw0, 0004041 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dermatology
KW  - *Skin Diseases/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Article
KW  - British Nursing Index
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Cost
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - Dermatology/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
JF  - British Journal of Dermatology
VL  - 154
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Nurses play lead roles in the delivery of care in dermatology. While a number of primary studies have been conducted evaluating nurse-led care in dermatology, review and synthesis of the findings from these studies has not been undertaken. OBJECTIVES: To systematically identify, summarize and critically appraise the current evidence regarding the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology. METHODS: Systematic searches were done of CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index and the Royal College of Nursing Library Catalogue from 1990 until March 2005. The searches were not restricted to the U.K., and were supplemented by an extensive hand search of the literature through references identified from retrieved articles and by contact with experts in the field. RESULTS: A total of 14 relevant publications were identified (and included findings from both primary and secondary care), of which five were descriptions of nursing activities, five were evaluations of nurse interventions and four were patient evaluations of nurse-led care. The evidence emerging from the literature indicates that nurses are treating a number of dermatological conditions, primarily using treatment protocols, across a broad range of clinical settings. However, there is a lack of confidence among nurses working in primary care (predominantly practice nurses) to treat some of these conditions (including scalp scaling in psoriasis and infected eczema). Although the importance of education is recognized, the educational needs of these nurses are frequently unmet. The benefits of nurse interventions on service delivery include a reduction in the severity of condition and more effective use of topical therapies. Patients report faster access to treatment, a reduction in referrals to the GP or dermatologist, and an increase in knowledge of their condition. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses frequently play lead roles in the diverse range of models of care that exist in dermatology. Although findings of the review are generally positive, there are methodological weaknesses and under-researched issues, e.g. cost effectiveness of nurse-led care, and extended independent and supplementary nurse prescribing in dermatology, that point to the need for further rigorous evaluation. [References: 25]
SN  - 0007-0963
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1281
T1  - Combating the stress of residency: one school's approach
A1  - Dabrow,S.
A1  - Russell,S.
A1  - Ackley,K.
A1  - Anderson,E.
A1  - Fabri,P.J.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16639197 IN - Division of General Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA. sdabrow@hsc.usf.edu AS - Acad Med. 81(5):436-9, 2006 May JC - acm, 8904605 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Academic Medical Centers/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Burnout,Professional/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Health Promotion/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Mental Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Occupational Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Physician Impairment/px [Psychology]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - business
KW  - College
KW  - Confidentiality
KW  - Contract Services
KW  - Cost
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Countries
KW  - data
KW  - Employee
KW  - English
KW  - Florida
KW  - Grief
KW  - Health Promotion/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internship and Residency/ma [Manpower]
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Model
KW  - Occupational Health Services/ut [Utilization]
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - problems
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Resident
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Stress
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 436
EP  - 439
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 81
IS  - 5
N2  - Residency is a time of stress and turmoil for many residents. The stresses are varied and great, often involving both personal and professional issues. One institutional mechanism that has been shown to help residents cope with stress is the use of residents' wellness, or assistance, programs. The University of South Florida (USF) College of Medicine developed the USF Residency Assistance Program (RAP) in 1997, modeled after business employee assistance programs but tailored to enhance the well-being of residents. The program was developed in an organized, thoughtful manner starting with a Request for Proposals to all local employee assistance programs and the selection of one of these to run the program. The RAP is broad-based, readily available, easily accessible, totally voluntary and confidential, and not reportable to the state board of medicine. It is well integrated into all residency programs and has had excellent acceptance from the administration; information about access to the RAP is available to all residents through multiple venues. The cost is minimal, at only seven cents a day per resident.The authors present data from the eight years the RAP has been operating, including information on program use, referral rates, acceptance, and types of problems encountered. One suicide occurred during this time period, and the RAP provided a significant role in grief counseling. Assistance programs are critical to the well-being of residents. The USF program presents a model that can be used by other programs around the country
SN  - 1040-2446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1282
T1  - Health services management education: why and what?
A1  - Davies,S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16921816 IN - Department of Health and Human Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK. smdavies@essex.ac.uk AS - J Health Organ Manag. 20(4):325-34, 2006 JC - 101179473 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Facility Administrators/ed [Education]
KW  - *Health Services
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - management education
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Occupation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - State Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 325
EP  - 334
JF  - Journal of Health Organization & Management
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
N2  - PURPOSE: To examine the importance of appropriate education for health services managers and to identify what might be included in the curriculum for health services management education. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The paper approaches these two questions through an exploration of the distinctive characteristics of health services as a context for management, relating these to a less context-specific literature on management education. The case for health services management and a description of the ideal curriculum are both developed from this analysis. The analysis is based on the UK but much of it will be applicable to other national settings. FINDINGS: Health services as a context for management practice are made distinctive by the circumstances of working in close proximity to clinical professionals and dominance of evidence-based practice as a paradigm for the clinical professions. Professionalism is weak as a governing concept for managers and health is often a politicised context for management, especially in publicly owned systems like the UK National Health Service. Management education for health services managers is important for improving systems performance and should offer a broad curriculum that includes the context for practice; research awareness and skills of critical appraisal; a grounding in a range of disciplines and a reflective approach towards general management skills. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Greater value should be attached to health services management education and a systematic approach taken towards curriculum development. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The analysis presented leads to the conclusion that health services management requires a broad curriculum reflecting the rich experience that health services management can offer as an occupation. As the power and influence of managers and managerialism in health care continues to grow, so it becomes all the more important that what is required for their education is questioned and value attached to providing opportunities for that education
SN  - 1477-7266
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1283
T1  - Evidence-based practice in primary health care
A1  - De,Smedt A.
A1  - Buyl,R.
A1  - Nyssen,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17108590 IN - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium AS - Stud Health Technol Inform. 124:651-6, 2006 JC - ck1, 9214582 SB - T CP - Netherlands PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Primary Health Care
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Audit
KW  - Belgium
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medical Technicians
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Insight
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Perception
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - professionals
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 651
EP  - 656
JF  - Studies in Health Technology & Informatics
VL  - 124
N2  - This study aims to describe primary care professionals' self-reported attitudes towards evidence-based practice (EBP), attention to information sources, perceptions of the barriers to EBP and strategies to improve insight in EBP and patient care. An e-mail invitation with link to an Internet-based survey was sent to Belgian medical doctors (MDs), nurses and paramedics. Under paramedics, we've included emergency medical technicians, firemen and medical volunteers (Red Cross). In general, respondents were supportive towards EBP and agreed that this concept improves patient care, but still, physicians claim that only 50% of their practice is evidence-based and nurses and paramedics spend respectively 59% and 54% of their time to EBP. Doctors depend mostly on clinical guidelines, the Internet and textbooks, while nurses prefer conferences and protocols and paramedics rely on courses and their own judgement. All respondents strongly rely on experimental knowledge gained through interaction with colleagues, although the majority reported that colleagues are often not supportive towards EBP. Lack of time, the overwhelming mass of literature, difficulties with implementation of evidence in to practice are the most common barriers. Nurses show lack of critical appraisal of research results and paramedics have difficulties understanding research and have limited access to computer facilities and their working environment. Communication in group and workshops are very highly valued. Nurses and paramedics are less reluctant towards the opinion of senior colleagues, audits on clinical practice and individual feedback than doctors. EBP generally enjoys a positive attitude at every level of the health care system, but still many obstacles have to be overcome to conquer 'experience-based practice'. The most appropriate method for actual implementation of evidence-based practice at all levels of health care is to provide summaries of evidence, easily understandable protocols and web-based databases accessible from the working environment. Students should not only learn the skills related to EBP, but should be able to integrate knowledge effectively in the clinical setting and routine care. Above all, their supervisors themselves need to evolve from 'experience-based' to evidence-based practice'
SN  - 0926-9630
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1284
T1  - Effect of a brief intervention on evidence-based medicine skills of pediatric residents
A1  - Dinkevich,E.
A1  - Markinson,A.
A1  - Ahsan,S.
A1  - Lawrence,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16403214 IN - Department of Pediatrics, SUNY-Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA. edinkevich@downstate.edu AS - BMC Med Educ. 6:1, 2006 JC - 101088679 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - New York City
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Resident
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
JF  - BMC Medical Education.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 22 AUG 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Education
VL  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: While Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) skills are increasingly being taught in medical schools, teaching quality has been insufficient, so that incoming pediatric residents lack adequate EBM skills required for patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief teaching module developed to improve EBM skills of pediatric residents. METHODS: With-in subjects study design with pre- and post-test evaluation was performed in a large urban pediatric residency training program in Brooklyn, New York. We included PGY-1s during intern orientation, while second and third year pediatric residents were selected based on schedule availability. Sixty-nine residents were enrolled into the study, 60 (87%) completed the training. An EBM training module consisting of three or four weekly two-hour seminars was conducted. The module was designed to teach core EBM skills including (1) formulating answerable clinical questions, (2) searching the evidence, (3) critical appraisal skills including validity and applicability, and (4) understanding levels of evidence and quantitative results for therapy articles. A portion of the Fresno test of competence in EBM was used to assess EBM skills. The test presented a clinical scenario that was followed by nine short answer questions. One to three questions were used to assess EBM skills for each of the four core skills. The kappa co-efficient for inter-rater reliability was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56-0.92). RESULTS: Prior to the training module, the residents achieved a mean score of 17% correct overall. Post intervention, the mean score increased to 63% with improvement in each EBM category. A mean of 4.08 more questions (out of 9) were answered correctly after the training (95% CI of 3.44-4.72). CONCLUSION: A brief training module was effective in improving EBM skills of pediatric residents
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1285
T1  - Critical care outreach 2: uncovering the underpinning philosophy and knowledge through collaborative reflection. [Review] [24 refs]
A1  - Durham,L.
A1  - Hancock,H.C.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16983856 IN - City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK. lesley.durham@chs.northy.nhs.uk AS - Nurs Crit Care. 11(5):248-59, 2006 Sep-Oct JC - 9808649, c3k SB - N CP - England PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Nurse Clinicians/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - *Specialties,Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Author
KW  - Case Report
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - complexity
KW  - Continuity of Patient Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Cooperative Behavior
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - Government
KW  - guidance
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Interdepartmental Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Model
KW  - Models,Nursing
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/ed [Education]
KW  - Nurse Clinicians/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nurse's Role/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nursing Assessment/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Nursing Evaluation Research
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Pulmonary Disease,Chronic Obstructive/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Specialties,Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 248
EP  - 259
JF  - Nursing in Critical Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
N2  - Critical care outreach (Outreach) was introduced as part of a government strategy to address increasing demands on limited intensive care (level 3) and high-dependency (level 2) resources. The discipline of Outreach developed rapidly and, as a result, the fundamental philosophical theories and sources of knowledge that underpin its practice remain, at least to some extent, unexplored, and their contribution to practice overlooked. It is important that we understand these philosophical theories and sources of knowledge so that we are able to provide sound rationale and guidance for practice and address the increasing pressure to demonstrate effectiveness. The authors argue that the complex situations encountered and managed by Outreach are not entirely amenable to traditional forms of measurement, and that its impact on patient care is, therefore, not readily acknowledged. In applying a model of collaborative reflection, this study analyses the management of a clinical case by a nurse consultant in Outreach. In doing so, it explores the realities of practice by deconstructing the complexity of a particular situation and highlights the variety of knowledge that contributes to effective Outreach practice. [References: 24]
SN  - 1362-1017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1286
T1  - Critical care outreach 1: an exploration of fundamental philosophy and underpinning knowledge. [Review] [63 refs]
A1  - Durham,L.
A1  - Hancock,H.C.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16983855 IN - City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK. lesley.durham@chs.northy.nhs.uk AS - Nurs Crit Care. 11(5):239-47, 2006 Sep-Oct JC - 9808649, c3k SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Continuity of Patient Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Critical Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - *Specialties,Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - City
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - form
KW  - guidance
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Units/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interdepartmental Relations
KW  - Intuition
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Logic
KW  - Management
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Innovation
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Study
KW  - Teams
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 239
EP  - 247
JF  - Nursing in Critical Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
N2  - Critical care outreach (Outreach) is central to the effective management of critically ill patients. Its recent, expedited and somewhat uncoordinated introduction has, however, resulted in a lack of understanding about the fundamental philosophical theories and sources of knowledge that underpin it. Furthermore, there is a lack of understanding of the context in which these are applied. It is important that we understand and are able to provide sound rationale and guidance for current and future Outreach practice, for the education of practitioners and in order to evaluate and show the impact of Outreach on patient care. The need for this is heightened in the context of current changes in roles and role boundaries, in which there are significant pressures and expectations from organizations for Outreach teams to demonstrate their effectiveness. The authors argue that the complex situations encountered and managed by Outreach are not amenable to traditional forms of measurement and that its impact on patient care is, therefore, not readily acknowledged by those external to the service. This study explores the philosophical underpinnings and types of knowledge inherent in the practice of Outreach. In doing so, it illuminates how they apply and contribute to the practice and impact of Outreach. [References: 63]
SN  - 1362-1017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1287
T1  - Competency in chest radiography. A comparison of medical students, residents, and fellows
A1  - Eisen,L.A.
A1  - Berger,J.S.
A1  - Hegde,A.
A1  - Schneider,R.F.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16704388 IN - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA. leisen@gmail.com AS - J Gen Intern Med. 21(5):460-5, 2006 May JC - 8605834 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Radiography,Thoracic
KW  - *Radiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students,Medical
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - Career
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - competency
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Fellowships and Scholarships
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Interns and Residents
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Lung Diseases/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - New York
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Resident
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 460
EP  - 465
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - BACKGROUND: Accurate interpretation of chest radiographs (CXR) is essential as clinical decisions depend on readings. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate CXR interpretation ability at different levels of training and to determine factors associated with successful interpretation. DESIGN: Ten CXR were selected from the teaching file of the internal medicine (IM) department. Participants were asked to record the most important diagnosis, their certainty in that diagnosis, interest in a pulmonary career and adequacy of CXR training. Two investigators independently scored each CXR on a scale of 0 to 2. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (n=145) from a single teaching hospital were third year medical students (MS) (n=25), IM interns (n=44), IM residents (n=45), fellows from the divisions of cardiology and pulmonary/critical care (n=16), and radiology residents (n=15). RESULTS: The median overall score was 11 of 20. An increased level of training was associated with overall score (MS 8, intern 10, IM resident 13, fellow 15, radiology resident 18, P<.001). Overall certainty was significantly correlated with overall score (r=.613, P<.001). Internal medicine interns and residents interested in a pulmonary career scored 14 of 20 while those not interested scored 11 (P=.027). Pneumothorax, misplaced central line, and pneumoperitoneum were diagnosed correctly 9%, 26%, and 46% of the time, respectively. Only 20 of 131 (15%) participants felt their CXR training sufficient. CONCLUSION: We identified factors associated with successful CXR interpretation, including level of training, field of training, interest in a pulmonary career and overall certainty. Although interpretation improved with training, important diagnoses were missed
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1288
T1  - Principles and practical procedures for acute psychological first aid training for personnel without mental health experience
A1  - Everly,G.S.,Jr.
A1  - Flynn,B.W.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16703847 IN - The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA. geverly@jhsph.edu AS - Int J Emerg Ment Health. 8(2):93-100, 2006 JC - dxs, 100888872 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Crisis Intervention/ed [Education]
KW  - *Emergency Services,Psychiatric/st [Standards]
KW  - *First Aid/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Mental Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Public Health Practice
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Crisis Intervention/mt [Methods]
KW  - definition
KW  - Disasters
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disorders/px [Psychology]
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Psychology/ed [Education]
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - School
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Violence
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 100
JF  - International Journal of Emergency Mental Health
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
N2  - Most authorities agree that mass disasters leave in their wake a need for some form of acute mental health services. However, a review of current literature on crisis intervention and disaster mental health reveals differing points of view on the methods that should be employed (Raphael, 1986; NIMH, 2002). Nevertheless, there appears to be virtual universal endorsement, by relevant authorities, of the value of acute "psychological first aid" (American Psychiatric Association, 1954; USDHHS, 2004; Raphael, 1986; NIMH, 2002; Institute of Medicine, 2003; WHO, 2003; DoD/VAPTSD, 2004; Ritchie, et al., 2004; Friedman, Hamblin, Foa, & Charney, 2004). Psychological first aid (PFA), as an acute mental health intervention, seems uniquely applicable to public health settings, the workplace, the military, mass disaster venues, and even the demands of more well circumscribed critical incidents, e.g., dealing with the psychological aftermath of accidents, robberies, suicide, homicide, or community violence. In this document, we shall introduce the notion of psychological first aid (PFA) as one aspect of a psychological continuum of care, offer a rudimentary definition of PFA, and provide the reader with a practicalframework for its implementation utilizing the individual psychological first aid (iPFA)format. The goal of this paper is to better prepare public health, public safety, and other disaster response personnel who do not possess formal clinical mental health degrees or specialized training to provide iPFA services to primary and secondary disaster victims
SN  - 1522-4821
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1289
T1  - Competency-based occupational standards: influences on Australian speech pathology education
A1  - Ferguson,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16361859 IN - Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia. Alison.Ferguson@newcastle.edu.au AS - Folia Phoniatr Logop. 58(1):23-31, 2006 JC - btl, 9422792 SB - IM CP - Switzerland PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Occupational Health Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Speech-Language Pathology
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Arts
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - competency
KW  - content
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Government
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathology
KW  - speech pathology
KW  - Standard
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 31
JF  - Folia Phoniatrica et Logopedica
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
N2  - Speech Pathology Australia developed competency-based occupational standards in response to a national government initiative across all professions and these standards have formed the basis for the accreditation process of speech pathology education programmes in Australia since 1994. This paper presents a critical appraisal of the contribution of a competency framework to curricular design, focussing on both content coverage and teaching methodologies. Also, the assessment of learning promoted through a competency-based framework is considered in relation to models of critical thinking. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
SN  - 1021-7762
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1290
T1  - Resident physicians' competencies and attitudes in delivering a postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome
A1  - Ferguson,J.E.
A1  - Kleinert,H.L.
A1  - Lunney,C.A.
A1  - Campbell,L.R.
Y1  - 2006/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17012452 IN - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Interdisciplinary Human Development Institute, University of Kentucky and Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293, USA. jef@uky.edu AS - Obstet Gynecol. 108(4):898-905, 2006 Oct JC - oc2, 0401101 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Down Syndrome/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/st [Standards]
KW  - *Physician-Patient Relations
KW  - *Truth Disclosure
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - attitudes
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Child
KW  - Communication
KW  - competency
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Down Syndrome
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Gynecology/ed [Education]
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Development
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Kentucky
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - methods
KW  - Newborn
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Obstetrics/ed [Education]
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Pediatrics/ed [Education]
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 898
EP  - 905
JF  - Obstetrics & Gynecology.Vol.106(3)()(pp 593-601), 2005.
J1  - Obstetrics & Gynecology
VL  - 108
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: This study responded to the need expressed by physicians and parents alike for improved medical information and support to families upon the initial diagnosis of Down syndrome at birth. The purpose was to assess obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics residents' cognitive knowledge about Down syndrome and comfort in counseling parents with a newborn child with Down syndrome before and after intervention (resident viewing and interaction with the educational material). METHODS: A team of physicians, parents, and educational specialists developed an interactive CD-ROM that asked resident physicians to read and view virtual patient-doctor sessions, and provide their own responses to critical situations related to Down syndrome diagnoses. The research tested both knowledge and attitude change, as well as the effectiveness of an interactive CD-ROM as a pedagogical tool. RESULTS: Our effectiveness study yielded positive and significant improvement in knowledge and level of comfort changes with both obstetrics and gynecology and pediatric physicians in residence at the University of Kentucky. Residents also found the technologically based interactive type of instruction to be usable and valuable. CONCLUSION: Teaching physicians to impart accurate and balanced information about Down syndrome at the initial point of diagnosis can be achieved, in part, through training with the CD-ROM. From a broader perspective, this effectiveness study suggests the potential applications of these communication strategies not only to families who have a child with Down syndrome, but also to those with other life-altering disabilities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3
SN  - 0029-7844
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1291
T1  - Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: a synthesis of evidence with 'best practice' recommendations.[see comment]. [Review] [334 refs]
A1  - Flynn,M.A.
A1  - McNeil,D.A.
A1  - Maloff,B.
A1  - Mutasingwa,D.
A1  - Wu,M.
A1  - Ford,C.
A1  - Tough,S.C.
Y1  - 2006/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16371076 IN - Nutrition and Active Living, Healthy Living, Calgary Health Region, Calgary, Canada CM - Comment in: Obes Rev. 2006 Feb;7 Suppl 1:1-5; PMID: 16371075 AS - Obes Rev. 7 Suppl 1:7-66, 2006 Feb JC - 100897395 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Health Promotion/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Obesity/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - boys
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Welfare
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - composition
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Developed Country
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Emigration and Immigration
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemic
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Fitness
KW  - form
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Planning
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Health Status Indicators
KW  - Home
KW  - home setting
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant,Newborn
KW  - Information
KW  - Insight
KW  - Integration
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Minority Groups
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Obesity/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Obesity/th [Therapy]
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - preschool
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Protocols
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - trends
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 66
JF  - Obesity Reviews.Vol.8(1)()(pp 61-67), 2007.
J1  - Obesity Reviews
VL  - 7
N2  - Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and rising trends in overweight and obesity are apparent in both developed and developing countries. Available estimates for the period between the 1980s and 1990s show the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children increased by a magnitude of two to five times in developed countries (e.g. from 11% to over 30% in boys in Canada), and up to almost four times in developing countries (e.g. from 4% to 14% in Brazil). The goal of this synthesis research study was to develop best practice recommendations based on a systematic approach to finding, selecting and critically appraising programmes addressing prevention and treatment of childhood obesity and related risk of chronic diseases. An international panel of experts in areas of relevance to obesity provided guidance for the study. This synthesis research encompassed a comprehensive search of medical/academic and grey literature and the Internet covering the years 1982-2003. The appraisal approach developed to identify best practice was unique, in that it considered not only methodological rigour, but also population health, immigrant health and programme development/evaluation perspectives in the assessment. Scores were generated based on pre-determined criteria with programmes scoring in the top tertile of the scoring range in any one of the four appraisal categories included for further examination. The synthesis process included identification of gaps and an analysis and summary of programme development and programme effectiveness to enable conclusions to be drawn and recommendations to be made. The results from the library database searches (13,158 hits), the Internet search and key informant surveys were reduced to a review of 982 reports of which 500 were selected for critical appraisal. In total 158 articles, representing 147 programmes, were included for further analysis. The majority of reports were included based on high appraisal scores in programme development and evaluation with limited numbers eligible based on scores in other categories of appraisal. While no single programme emerged as a model of best practice, synthesis of included programmes provided rich information on elements that represent innovative rather than best practice under particular circumstances that are dynamic (changing according to population subgroups, age, ethnicity, setting, leadership, etc.). Thus the findings of this synthesis review identifies areas for action, opportunities for programme development and research priorities to inform the development of best practice recommendations that will reduce obesity and chronic disease risk in children and youth. A lack of programming to address the particular needs of subgroups of children and youth emerged in this review. Although immigrants new to developed countries may be more vulnerable to the obesogenic environment, no programmes were identified that specifically targeted their potentially specialized needs (e.g. different food supply in a new country). Children 0-6 years of age and males represented other population subgroups where obesity prevention programmes and evidence of effectiveness were limited. These gaps are of concern because (i) the pre-school years may be a critical period for obesity prevention as indicated by the association of the adiposity rebound and obesity in later years; and (ii) although the growing prevalence of obesity affects males and females equally; males may be more vulnerable to associated health risks such as cardiovascular disease. Other gaps in knowledge identified during synthesis include a limited number of interventions in home and community settings and a lack of upstream population-based interventions. The shortage of programmes in community and home settings limits our understanding of the effectiveness of interventions in these environments, while the lack of upstream investment indicates an opportunity to develop more upstream and population-focused interventions to balance and extend the current emphasis on individual-based programmes. The evidence reviewed indicates that current programmes lead to short-term improvements in outcomes relating to obesity and chronic disease prevention with no adverse effects noted. This supports the continuation and further development of programmes currently directed at children and youth, as further evidence for best practice accumulates. In this synthesis, schools were found to be a critical setting for programming where health status indicators, such as body composition, chronic disease risk factors and fitness, can all be positively impacted. Engagement in physical activity emerged as a critical intervention in obesity prevention and reduction programmes. While many programmes in the review had the potential to integrate chronic disease prevention, few did; therefore efforts could be directed towards better integration of chronic disease prevention programmes to minimize duplication and optimize resources. Programmes require sustained long-term resources to facilitate comprehensive evaluation that will ascertain if long-term impact such as sustained normal weight is maintained. Furthermore, involving stakeholders in programme design, implementation and evaluation could be crucial to the success of interventions, helping to ensure that needs are met. A number of methodological issues related to the assessment of obesity intervention and prevention programmes were identified and offer insight into how research protocols can be enhanced to strengthen evidence for obesity interventions. Further research is required to understand the merits of the various forms in which interventions (singly and in combination) are delivered and in which circumstances they are effective. There is a critical need for the development of consistent indicators to ensure that comparisons of programme outcomes can be made to better inform best practice. [References: 334]
SN  - 1467-7881
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1292
T1  - [Evidence based occupational health: from theory to practice]. [Italian]
A1  - Franco,G.
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16711136 IN - Dipartimento di Medicine e delle Specialita mediche, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy. franco@unimo.it OT - La medicina del lavoro basata sulle prove di efficacia: dalla teoria alla pratica AS - G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 28(1 Suppl):170-5, 2006 Jan-Mar JC - 9712708, cxb SB - IM CP - Italy PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Italian
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Occupational Health
KW  - *Occupational Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Specialist
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physician
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solutions
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 5
JF  - Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia
VL  - 28
IS  - 1:Suppl
N2  - BACKGROUND: Health care organizations are increasingly aware of the need to apply quality assurance principles to serve their mission and there is an increasing pressure on health professionals to ensure that the practice be based on evidence of appropriateness. Therefore, medical specialists of different disciplines, including occupational health, are presently required to shift from habitual practices to evidence-based practices. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: This paper aims at illustrating the opportunity offered by the Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), which can be used in the decision making process of the occupational physician according to the Evidence Based Occupational Health (EBOH) paradigm. The EBOH approach consists of 4 steps (i) the formulation of the problem according to the PICO model, (ii) the search for scientific external evidence based on scientific papers and documents available in different database, (iv) the critical appraisal of such evidence, (v) the application of the evidence in the decision making process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In spite of some barriers, such as time constraint, which could prevent looking for searchable information, the evidence-based decision-making process should be based on the evidence provided by major resources to answer the question emerging during the practice. Acquiring the skill for information managing facilitates searching appropriate solutions to problems usually met during the professional practice and the adoption of behaviours which will improve the practice
SN  - 1592-7830
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1293
T1  - Analysis of German package inserts
A1  - Fuchs,J.
A1  - Hippius,M.
A1  - Schaefer,M.
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16425965 IN - Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany. jfuchs-jena@t-online.de AS - Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 44(1):8-13, 2006 Jan JC - b0d, 9423309 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Drug Information Services/st [Standards]
KW  - *Drug Labeling/st [Standards]
KW  - 0 (Drugs,Non-Prescription)
KW  - Advertising
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Drug Interactions
KW  - Drug Storage
KW  - Drug Use
KW  - Drugs,Non-Prescription/ae [Adverse Effects]
KW  - Drugs,Non-Prescription/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Legislation,Drug
KW  - Market
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - patients
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Prescriptions,Drug
KW  - quality
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Safety
KW  - Study
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Package inserts have an important impact on patients compliance and thus on the effectiveness of drug use. Despite efforts of the European or national regulatory authorities and manufacturers to improve the readability and comprehensiveness of package inserts, they are still the subject of critical discussion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 68 German package inserts were chosen for a detailed analysis of their quality and suitability based on a set of 104 quality criteria developed prior to the survey. RESULTS: In many cases package inserts available on the German drug market did not include important information or were difficult to read or understand. In 73.5% of cases, the daily maximum dose was missing and 63.2% gave no information on the measures to take for each of the interactions. 66.2% of package inserts provided no instructions about the correct storage and 58.8% gave no instructions on the appropriate storage temperature. In 13 cases, dosage instructions were provided only in milligrams of active substance instead of a number of tablets or volume of liquid. 98.5% of the 68 package inserts included non-quantifiable statements such as "high dosage" or "take 2 - 4 tablets, 1 - 3 times daily". 97.1% contained repetitious information, 83.8% included advertising elements and 8.8% contained contradictory information. CONCLUSION: Package inserts must be optimized and tested by selected groups of patients prior to approval of the drug. This will avoid misunderstandings and lack of information and ensure that use of the drug will give the best possible outcome and avoid safety risks
SN  - 0946-1965
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1294
T1  - Development of progressive oral presentations in a therapeutics course series
A1  - Gonyeau,M.J.
A1  - Trujillo,J.
A1  - DiVall,M.
Y1  - 2006/04/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17139337 IN - Northeastern University School of Pharmacy AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 70(2):36, 2006 Apr 15 JC - 0372650, 3r9 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - *Communication
KW  - *Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Pharmacy/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Education,Pharmacy/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - content
KW  - Curriculum/td [Trends]
KW  - Education,Pharmacy/td [Trends]
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - innovation
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Oral Communication
KW  - Organization
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Therapeutics
KW  - thought
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 36
JF  - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To develop and implement a series of progressive evidence-based, oral presentation activities within the therapeutics series to strengthen interprofessional oral communication and literature evaluation skills. DESIGN: A step-wise progression of oral presentations was created to establish interprofessional communication skills and reinforce such skills in successive modules. Students progressed from a basic oral presentation to a brief clinical trial presentation, followed by a full journal club, culminating with a therapeutic debate. Guidelines and assessment tools were developed for each presentation focusing on style, content and organization, and analytic approach. Feedback was obtained from students and faculty members through the administration of survey instruments at the midpoint of advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE). ASSESSMENT: The majority of students successfully completed each oral presentation. Most felt prepared for APPE presentations due to increased Microsoft PowerPoint skills, literature exposure/evaluation, and comfort/confidence in presenting before an audience. Faculty members stated that the innovation organized students' thoughts and increased presentation clarity, resulting in less need to offer student assistance during APPEs. CONCLUSION: Our progressive approach to oral presentations has been successful and well received by students and faculty members. Our innovation has fostered oral interprofessional communication skills in our pharmacy students, and we will continue to utilize this approach
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1295
T1  - Evaluation of scientific evidence in law, adjudication and policy: when occupational health takes the witness chair
A1  - Guidotti,T.L.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17017343 IN - The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20052, USA. eohtlg@gwumc.edu AS - Med Lav. 97(2):167-74, 2006 Mar-Apr JC - m4u, 0401176 SB - IM CP - Italy PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence]
KW  - *Expert Testimony
KW  - *Occupational Health/lj [Legislation & Jurisprudence]
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Expert Testimony/st [Standards]
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Law
KW  - Liability,Legal
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Occupational Diseases/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Occupational Diseases/et [Etiology]
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Probability
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Responsibility
KW  - Standard
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Washington
KW  - Witness
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 167
EP  - 174
JF  - Medicina del Lavoro.Vol.95(3)()(pp 211-222), 2004.
J1  - Medicina del Lavoro
VL  - 97
IS  - 2
N2  - Health and medical knowledge are essential to the resolution of disputes in law and administrative applications (such as workers' compensation) and provide essential input into public policy decisions. There are no socially agreed-upon rules for the application of this knowledge except in the law. On a practical level, the legal system lacks the capacity to evaluate the validity of knowledge as evidence and therefore relies heavily on expert opinion. Over the last 30 years, an approach called "critical appraisal" and "evidence-based medicine" addressed a similar problem in medical practice and established norms for the acceptance of evidence in clinical medicine. A similar evidence-based framework may be possible for applying knowledge of health and medicine to dispute resolution in the law. One critical issue is how to apply scientific evidence when the standard is "more likely than not" rather than scientific certainty. Another is how the generalizations drawn from epidemiology and population-based sciences are interpreted and individualized, as they must be, for the case at hand. A related issue is how risk is interpreted for an individual after the fact, when conventional probability treats risk before the fact and conventional biostatistics applies primarily to a population. This emerging approach is called "evidence-based medical dispute resolution"
SN  - 0025-7818
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1296
T1  - [Alternative methods for development of institutional teachers: more than the goals]. [Spanish]
A1  - guilar-Mejia,E.
A1  - Espinosa-Huerta,E.
A1  - Robles-Paramo,A.
A1  - Garcia-Mangas,J.A.
A1  - Palacios-Jimenez,N.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17207404 IN - Area de Investigacion Educativa y Promocion Academica, Division de Innovacion Educativa, Coordinacion de Educacion en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico. estela.aguilar@imss.gob.mx OT - Alternativas para la formacion del profesorado institucional. Mas alla de las metas AS - REV. MED. INST. MEX. SEGURO SOC.. 44(5):441-8, 2006 Sep-Oct JC - 101243727 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Education,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Faculty,Medical
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Article
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Human Development
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intention
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - problems
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 441
EP  - 448
JF  - Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
N2  - INTRODUCTION: The Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social faces some problems and one of them is to promote research in health area, and development of teachers and researchers. With the support of the Fondo de Fomento a la Investigacion (FOFOI) a project was developed through professors in order to create the Methodological Diplomat in Teaching First Level in those delegations that do not have a Centro de Investigacion Educativa y Formacion Docente (CIEFD) with the intention of have an alternative program for the institutional professors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intervention study comparing before and after the interventions inside each group and among the groups of professors who are in the program Diplomat in Teaching First Level with different systems: a) full time at the CIEFD; b) program at distance with the help of tutors. Three dependent variables were explored: development of a position about education; critical theoric reading texts in education and critical reading of research reports in education. RESULTS: In the development of a position about education all the groups had an improve that was statistically significant (Wilcoxon < 0.05); in the critical reading of theoric texts in education there were also significant differences, and the same encouraging results were observed in critical research reading reports in education (Wilcoxon < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Under controlled circumstances, the program at distance with a visitor teacher is an adequate alternative for the formation of institutional professors
SN  - 0443-5117
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1297
T1  - The electronic journal club: an asynchronous problem-based learning technique within work-hour constraints
A1  - Hammond,J.
A1  - Whalen,T.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17084775 IN - Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0019, USA. hammond@umdnj.edu AS - Curr Surg. 63(6):441-3, 2006 Nov-Dec JC - 7802123, dwp SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Graduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - *Problem-Based Learning
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical School
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - School
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 441
EP  - 443
JF  - Current Surgery
VL  - 63
IS  - 6
SN  - 0149-7944
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1298
T1  - Learning evidence-based veterinary medicine through development of a critically appraised topic
A1  - Hardin,L.E.
A1  - Robertson,S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17035226 IN - College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. lhardin@cvm.msstate.edu AS - J Vet Med Educ. 33(3):474-8, 2006 JC - d5z, 7610519 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Veterinary/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Veterinary/td [Trends]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cats
KW  - College
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Device
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - question
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 474
EP  - 478
JF  - Journal of Veterinary Medical Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based veterinary medicine is a relatively new field of study. Increased knowledge of medicine coupled with the increased ability of computers and other electronic devices present overwhelming information. The critically appraised topic (CAT) is one method to gather and evaluate information related to a clinical question. CATs in informatics are short summaries of evidence, usually found through literature searches, in response to a specifically stated, clinically oriented problem or question. This article describes a study in which each first-year veterinary student developed a CAT as a class project. The results of this project indicate that students were able to successfully develop CATs and that this exercise helped them understand evidence-based veterinary medicine concepts. Though some modification in this project will be made in the future, overall it was a worthwhile effort and will remain as an activity in the course
SN  - 0748-321X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1299
T1  - Beyond journal clubs. Moving toward an integrated evidence-based medicine curriculum
A1  - Hatala,R.
A1  - Keitz,S.A.
A1  - Wilson,M.C.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16704406 IN - Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. rhatala@mac.com AS - J Gen Intern Med. 21(5):538-41, 2006 May JC - 8605834 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - Ambulatory Care
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - competency
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - practice
KW  - Resident
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - users
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 538
EP  - 541
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - Incorporating evidence-based medicine (EBM) into clinical practice is an important competency that residency training must address. Residency program directors, and the clinical educators who work with them, should develop curricula to enhance residents' capacity for independent evidence-based practice. In this article, the authors argue that residency programs must move beyond journal club formats to promote the practice of EBM by trainees. The authors highlight the limitations of journal club, and suggest additional curricular approaches for an integrated EBM curriculum. Helping residents become effective evidence users will require a sustained effort on the part of residents, faculty, and their educational institutions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1300
T1  - Evidence-based decision making in transfusion medicine. [Review] [31 refs]
A1  - Heddle,N.M.
Y1  - 2006/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16958833 IN - McMaster Transfusion Research Program, McMaster Uiversity, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. heddlen@mcmaster.ca AS - Vox Sang. 91(3):214-20, 2006 Oct JC - xli, 0413606 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Blood Transfusion/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Social Conditions
KW  - Society
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Total Quality Management
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 214
EP  - 220
JF  - Vox Sanguinis.Vol.87(3)()(pp 165-172), 2004.
J1  - Vox Sanguinis
VL  - 91
IS  - 3
N2  - Some of the basic principles behind evidence-based medicine have been known for many years; however, the concept and approach to integrating evidenced-based decision making into clinical practice on a day-to-day basis has only evolved over the past 15 years. This paper focuses on five important steps in evidence-based decision making: (1) the importance of a well-defined question; (2) ways to effectively search the scientific literature; (3) the process of critical appraisal for an article about therapy; (4) the role of clinical expertise, patient values, clinical circumstances and society's expectations in the decision-making process; and (5) continuous quality improvement of the process. [References: 31]
SN  - 0042-9007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1301
T1  - Interdisciplinary Journal Club: an innovative tool for the transfer of knowledge and the promotion of a culture of interdisciplinarity
A1  - Hunt,M.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16608721 IN - Shriners Hospital for Children-Canadian Unit, Montreal, Canada. mhunt@shrinenet.org AS - J Interprof Care. 20(2):196-8, 2006 Mar JC - 9205811 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Health Personnel/ed [Education]
KW  - *Patient Care Team
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Culture
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals,Pediatric
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Pediatrics
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 196
EP  - 198
JF  - Journal of Interprofessional Care.1997 Apr; 11(1): 23-34.(42 ref)
J1  - Journal of Interprofessional Care
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
SN  - 1356-1820
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1302
T1  - An AOA critical issue; how to read the literature to change your practice: an evidence-based medicine approach
A1  - Hurwitz,S.R.
A1  - Tornetta,P.,III
A1  - Wright,J.G.
Y1  - 2006/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16882913 IN - Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159, USA. srh5u@virginia.edu AS - J Bone Joint Surg Am. 88(8):1873-9, 2006 Aug JC - hjr, 0014030 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Orthopedics/st [Standards]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Reading
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Research Design
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1873
EP  - 1879
JF  - Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume.Vol.88(6)()(pp 1192-1200), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - American Volume
VL  - 88
IS  - 8
SN  - 0021-9355
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1303
T1  - Evidence based practice: a survey of physiotherapists' current practice
A1  - Iles,R.
A1  - Davidson,M.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16808090 IN - School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Australia. r.iles@latrobe.edu.au AS - Physiother Res Int. 11(2):93-103, 2006 Jun JC - 9612022, cws SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Physical Therapy (Specialty)/ed [Education]
KW  - *Professional Practice/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Adult
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Care Surveys
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Therapy (Specialty)/td [Trends]
KW  - Physical Therapy Modalities/td [Trends]
KW  - Physician's Practice Patterns/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Physiotherapist
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice/td [Trends]
KW  - Research
KW  - Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Research/td [Trends]
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 103
JF  - Physiotherapy Research International
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
N2  - BACKGOUND AND PURPOSE: Evidence-based practice is the explicit use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients and is a concept of growing importance for physiotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate Australian physiotherapists' self-reported practice, skills and knowledge of evidence-based practice and to examine differences between recent and experienced graduates, physiotherapists with low and high levels of training and physiotherapists working in private practice and hospital settings. METHOD: A survey was sent to 230 physiotherapists working in hospitals and in private practice. One hundred and twenty-four were completed and returned. RESULTS: Although 69.4% of respondents said they frequently (at least monthly) read research literature, only 10.6%, 15.3% and 26.6% of respondents, respectively, searched PEDro, Cochrane and Medline or Cinahl databases frequently, and only 25.8% of respondents reported critically appraising research reports. Recent graduates rated their evidence-based practice skills more highly than more experienced graduates, but did not perform evidence-based practice tasks more often. Physiotherapists with higher levels of training rated their evidence-based practice skills more highly, were more likely to search databases and to understand a range of evidence-based practice terminology than those with lower levels of training. Private practice and hospital physiotherapists rated their evidence-based practice skills equally and performed most evidence-based practice activities with equal frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents had a positive attitude toward evidence-based practice and the main barriers to evidence-based practice were time required to keep up to date, access to easily understandable summaries of evidence, journal access and lack of personal skills in searching and evaluating research evidence. Efforts to advance evidence-based practice in physiotherapy should focus on reducing these barriers
SN  - 1358-2267
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1304
T1  - The GATE frame: critical appraisal with pictures
A1  - Jackson,R.
A1  - Ameratunga,S.
A1  - Broad,J.
A1  - Connor,J.
A1  - Lethaby,A.
A1  - Robb,G.
A1  - Wells,S.
A1  - Glasziou,P.
A1  - Heneghan,C.
Y1  - 2006/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17213070 IN - University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AS - Evid Based Med. 11(2):35-8, 2006 Apr JC - 9608386 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - 0 (Estrogens,Conjugated (USP))
KW  - 0 (Progesterone Congeners)
KW  - 71-58-9 (Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Coronary Disease/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Estrogens,Conjugated (USP)/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Progesterone Congeners/tu [Therapeutic Use]
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 35
EP  - 38
JF  - Evidence Based Medicine.Vol.9(2)()(pp 36-37), 2004.
J1  - Evidence Based Medicine
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1305
T1  - The GATE frame: critical appraisal with pictures.[reprint in Evid Based Nurs. 2006 Jul;9(3):68-71; PMID: 16862733]
A1  - Jackson,R.
A1  - Ameratunga,S.
A1  - Broad,J.
A1  - Connor,J.
A1  - Lethaby,A.
A1  - Robb,G.
A1  - Wells,S.
A1  - Glasziou,P.
A1  - Heneghan,C.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16539343 IN - University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AS - ACP J Club. 144(2):A8-11, 2006 Mar-Apr JC - b1y, 9104824 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Computer Graphics
KW  - Coronary Disease/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Estrogen Replacement Therapy
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A8
EP  - 11
JF  - ACP Journal Club.2005 Mar-Apr; 142(2): Suppl: A-14.(2 ref)
J1  - ACP Journal Club
VL  - 144
IS  - 2
SN  - 1056-8751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1306
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: fifteen years later. Golem the good, the bad, and the ugly in need of a review?. [Review] [48 refs]
A1  - Jenicek,M.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17072278 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. jenicekm@mcmaster.ca AS - Med Sci Monit. 12(11):RA241-51, 2006 Nov JC - dxw, 9609063 SB - IM CP - Poland PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - Achievement
KW  - alternatives
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision Support Systems,Clinical
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - Philosophy,Medical
KW  - Poland
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Solid
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - RA241
EP  - RA251
JF  - Medical Science Monitor
VL  - 12
IS  - 11
N2  - Despite its well-deserved strengths, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)'s shell still remains half-full. Its strong points are clouded in persisting philosophical gaps and mostly ideological advancements of its concepts and rules. Further clarification of its logic and critical use of evidence is required. In this non-systematic essay and review, several present and future necessary achievements are outlined: Solid methodological tools were developed under the umbrella of surprisingly less-operational definition(s) of EBM and 'evidence' itself, incomplete classifications of various evidences and limited scope of original critical appraisal of evidence. The integration of the best evidence with clinical expertise, setting and circumstances, as well as patient expectations, values, and preferences and the application of evidence to a specific patient have only been conceptually traced so far and usable rules remain in waiting. The question of whether the practice of EBM produces better results than its alternatives also remains unanswered. Uses of the best evidence as a basis for the fundamental elements of modern argumentation and critical thinking applied to medicine may be one of the promising paths, but this approach still must be more widely applied and evaluated on its own merit. In other words, we do have a point, but it needs to be improved. [References: 48]
SN  - 1234-1010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1307
T1  - The hard art of soft science: Evidence-Based Medicine, Reasoned Medicine or both?[see comment]
A1  - Jenicek,M.
Y1  - 2006/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16907682 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. jenicekm@mcmaster.ca CM - Comment in: J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Aug;12(4):420-2; PMID: 16907683, Comment in: J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Aug;12(4):423-6; PMID: 16907684 AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 12(4):410-9, 2006 Aug JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/cl [Classification]
KW  - *Science/mt [Methods]
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - content
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Dissent and Disputes
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Observation
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 410
EP  - 419
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - In the past 14 years, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has enjoyed unprecedented developments and gained widespread acceptance among health professionals. However, should we be content with producing, critically appraising and using the best evidence available for our understanding of health problems and decision making about them? Are our convictions about EBM's relevance, our conviction and intellectual satisfaction with its mastery and adoption enough? Should we continue pushing forward along this promising path, or should we further diversify the content and scope of EBM? Is EBM the only way to view medicine in the near future? This paper presents some options to choose from in terms of direction and content as well as questions to answer given the current EBM crossroads. More intensive and extensive EBM combined with 'other features'-based medicines may be the preferred strategy to follow in the future to determine the development, use and evaluation of EBM. Argument-based medicine or Reasoned Medicine is one of the options that can be integrated into the mainstream of medical reasoning and decision making
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1308
T1  - Towards evidence-based critical thinking medicine? Uses of best evidence in flawless argumentations. [Review] [23 refs]
A1  - Jenicek,M.
Y1  - 2006/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16865076 IN - Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada. jenicekm@mcmaster.ca AS - Med Sci Monit. 12(8):RA149-53, 2006 Aug JC - dxw, 9609063 SB - IM CP - Poland PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - business
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humans
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Law
KW  - Life
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Poland
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Practice/st [Standards]
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Interaction
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - RA149
EP  - RA153
JF  - Medical Science Monitor
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
N2  - Uses of informal logic and critical thinking methodology are increasingly taught, learnt and advantageously applied in such diverse domains as law, the military, business, and education. Health sciences are also following this trend. However, production and critical appraisal of evidence as already practiced in Evidence-Based Medicine must be coupled with equally rigorous uses in order to ensure appropriate health problem understanding and decision-making. Making most proposals and decisions in medicine is the conclusion of an argumentation process that lies behind any communication between health professionals working with patients, performing research or sharing ideas about health problems, their interpretations and solutions with numerous stakeholders in public life. Modern critical thinking and decision making in medicine is not instantly mastered, but is instead a learnt experience as anything else in professional and social interactions. The modern argument as outlined, illustrated and applied to health problems in this essay is an extension of a previously established way of thinking in Evidence-Based Medicine. Ideally, health professionals, their patients and all other stakeholders should speak the same language and it is up to us to make this possible. Evidence and critical thinking - based medicine might be a solution. As modern critical thinkers, we are at the forefront and we must see to it that patients and professional and general communities benefit from this more so even than from other remarkable historical and current contributions to the well-being of those under our care. [References: 23]
SN  - 1234-1010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1309
T1  - Getting started in evidence-based practice for childhood speech-language disorders. [Review] [86 refs]
A1  - Johnson,C.J.
Y1  - 2006/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16533090 IN - University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. carla.johnson@utoronto.ca AS - Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 15(1):20-35, 2006 Feb JC - 9114726 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Child Language
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Language Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Speech Disorders/th [Therapy]
KW  - *Speech-Language Pathology/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - methods
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathologists
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Speech-Language Pathologists
KW  - strategies
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 35
JF  - American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2006 Feb; 15(1): 20-35.(79 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE: Evidence-based practice (EBP) entails a critical mindset and rigorous methods that foster the judicious integration of scientific evidence into clinical decision making. The purpose of this tutorial is to present strategies, resources, and examples to help speech-language pathologists get started in EBP for childhood speech and language disorders. METHOD: The tutorial begins with an overview of key principles of EBP, including potential benefits and challenges, and other initial considerations. Five recommended steps for implementing EBP are then presented: posing a question, locating the evidence, appraising the evidence, making and implementing clinical decisions, and evaluating those decisions. Included is a compilation of synthesized evidence resources, such as systematic reviews/meta-analyses and EBP guidelines. Finally, illustrative examples are provided to assist practitioners with integrating research evidence into clinical decision making in childhood speech-language disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Speech-language pathologists who work with children are encouraged to adopt EBP for clinical decision making. [References: 86]
SN  - 1058-0360
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1310
T1  - The PRIME curriculum. Clinical research training during residency.[see comment]
A1  - Kohlwes,R.J.
A1  - Shunk,R.L.
A1  - Avins,A.
A1  - Garber,J.
A1  - Bent,S.
A1  - Shlipak,M.G.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16704399 IN - General Internal Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. jeffk@medicine.ucsf.edu CM - Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2006 Sep;21(9):1007-8; author reply 108; PMID: 16918752 AS - J Gen Intern Med. 21(5):506-9, 2006 May JC - 8605834 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Biomedical Research
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Authorship
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - Career
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Hospitals,Veterans
KW  - Humans
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Mentors
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - researchers
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 506
EP  - 509
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - AIM: The Primary Medical Education (PRIME) program is an outpatient-based, internal medicine residency track nested within the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) categorical medicine program. Primary Medical Education is based at the San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), 1 of 3 teaching hospitals at UCSF. The program accepts 8 UCSF medicine residents annually, who differentiate into PRIME after internship. In 2000, we implemented a novel research methods curriculum with the dual purposes of teaching basic epidemiology skills and providing mentored opportunities for clinical research projects during residency. SETTING: Single academic internal medicine program. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The PRIME curriculum utilizes didactic lecture, frequent journal clubs, work-in-progress sessions, and active mentoring to enable residents to "try out" a clinical research project during residency. PROGRAM EVALUATION: Among 32 residents in 4 years, 22 residents have produced 20 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 1 paper under review, and 2 book chapters. Their clinical evaluations are equivalent to other UCSF medicine residents. DISCUSSION: While learning skills in evidence-based medicine, residents can conduct high-quality research. Utilizing a collaboration of General Internal Medicine researchers and educators, our curriculum affords residents the opportunity to "try-out" clinical research as a potential future career choice
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1311
T1  - An intensive primary-literature-based teaching program directly benefits undergraduate science majors and facilitates their transition to doctoral programs
A1  - Kozeracki,C.A.
A1  - Carey,M.F.
A1  - Colicelli,J.
A1  - Levis-Fitzgerald,M.
A1  - Grossel,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17146041 IN - Office of Undergraduate Evaluation and Research, College of Letters and Science, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. kozeraca@piercecollege.edu AS - CBE Life Sci Educ. 5(4):340-7, 2006 JC - 101269039 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Graduate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Students
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - California
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - choice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - graduate education
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Life
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Peers
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Science/st [Standards]
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Student
KW  - student confidence
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 340
EP  - 347
JF  - CBE Life Sciences Education [Electronic Resource]
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - UCLA's Howard Hughes Undergraduate Research Program (HHURP), a collaboration between the College of Letters and Science and the School of Medicine, trains a group of highly motivated undergraduates through mentored research enhanced by a rigorous seminar course. The course is centered on the presentation and critical analysis of scientific journal articles as well as the students' own research. This article describes the components and objectives of the HHURP and discusses the results of three program assessments: annual student evaluations, interviews with UCLA professors who served as research advisors for HHURP scholars, and a survey of program alumni. Students indicate that the program increased their ability to read and present primary scientific research and to present their own research and enhanced their research experience at UCLA. After graduating, they find their involvement in the HHURP helped them in securing admission to the graduate program of their choice and provided them with an advantage over their peers in the interactive seminars that are the foundation of graduate education. On the basis of the assessment of the program from 1998-1999 to 2004-2005, we conclude that an intensive literature-based training program increases student confidence and scientific literacy during their undergraduate years and facilitates their transition to postgraduate study
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1312
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal: a pilot randomized controlled outcomes trial in undergraduate osteopathic medical education
A1  - Krueger,P.M.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17192453 IN - University of New Jersey-School of Osteopathic Medicine, One Medical Center Dr, Suite 210, Stratford, NJ 08084-1500, USA. krueger@umdnj.edu AS - J Am Osteopath Assoc. 106(11):658-62, 2006 Nov JC - 7503065, g90 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Osteopathic Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - context
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - effective teaching
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Humans
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Osteopathic Medicine
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 658
EP  - 662
JF  - Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
VL  - 106
IS  - 11
N2  - CONTEXT: Critical appraisal is an important skill for medical students. A proposed curriculum may be an effective teaching tool. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the teaching of critical appraisal can be successfully introduced into an osteopathic clinical clerkship in obstetrics and gynecology. DESIGN: Osteopathic medical students (N=77) were assigned by lottery to one of eight rotation groups during their clinical clerkship in obstetrics and gynecology. Four of these rotation groups received instruction in critical appraisal (study group; received evidence-based medicine [EBM] curriculum; n=38); the other four rotation groups did not (control group; received non-EBM; n=39). The ability of the study EBM group to critically analyze the literature was compared with that of the control (non-EBM) group on the basis of results of a multiple-choice examination. SETTING: The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Osteopathic Medicine clinical clerkship in obstetrics and gynecology. RESULTS: The median scores for critical analysis were 41 for the control group and 64 for the study group. This difference was statistically significant (P<.001). CONCLUSION: The teaching of critical appraisal can be successfully introduced into a clerkship in obstetrics and gynecology
SN  - 0098-6151
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1313
T1  - The product of outcome-based undergraduate medical education: competencies and readiness for internship
A1  - Lai,N.M.
A1  - Ramesh,J.C.
Y1  - 2006/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17139402 IN - Clinical School, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Seremban, Malaysia. lainm@imu.edu.my AS - Singapore Med J. 47(12):1053-62, 2006 Dec JC - uri, 0404516 SB - IM CP - Singapore PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Competency-Based Education/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate/mt [Methods]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - competency
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Malaysia
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - School
KW  - Self Assessment (Psychology)
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1053
EP  - 1062
JF  - Singapore Medical Journal.Vol.47(6)()(pp 456-461), 2006.
J1  - Singapore Medical Journal
VL  - 47
IS  - 12
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Outcome-based curriculum is adopted at the International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia, where specific learning objectives are laid out progressively under eight major outcomes. We present an outcome-guided, self-reported competency profile of our undergraduate students near the end of their training, focusing on elements that are considered most immediately relevant for their internship. METHODS: Anonymous surveys were conducted on two cohorts of medical students in their final semester at IMU. The surveys covered a range of competencies, including practical skills, ward routines, generic attributes and evidence-based medicine, grouped under the exit outcomes as defined by the university. RESULTS: A total of 92 students were assessed. In general, the students were confident of their ability on common practical skills and ward routines. They were comfortable with the level of professionalism and personal attributes required for internship, with the prospect of handling unexpected additional tasks and working away from home perceived as the main difficulties. Most students referred to at least three sources of clinical information to answer their clinical queries. However, they referred more to single journals than databases or collections. The majority could critically appraise journal articles to a variable extent, but nearly half took 30 minutes or longer to trace an abstract of interest. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates the strength of outcome-based curriculum in its ability to produce competent students that are well prepared for their internship. Assessing students using this educational approach provides a clear picture of their strengths and weaknesses, and identifies stages in their training where additional inputs are required
SN  - 0037-5675
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1314
T1  - Evidence-based surgery: creating the culture
A1  - Lee,M.J.
Y1  - 2006//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16442422 IN - University Hospitals, Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Walsgrave Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, England, UK. martin.lee@uhcw.nhs.uk AS - Surg Clin North Am. 86(1):91-100, ix, 2006 Feb JC - van, 0074243 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Organizational Culture
KW  - *Surgery/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - patients
KW  - problems
KW  - relationships
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Trust
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 91
EP  - 100
JF  - Surgical Clinics of North America
VL  - 86
IS  - 1
N2  - Hospitals and professional bodies require a culture that supports surgeons in their quest for knowledge, and provides the technological and educational environment in which they can promote evidence-based surgery. Surgeons must influence the development of their local information technology systems for data collection and outcome analysis, and deliver training programs that instill an attitude of continually seeking evidence. Identification of clinical problems and critical appraisal of the literature need to be taught. Management structures and relationships that facilitate a joint approach to delivering high-quality systematic clinical care should be developed. The culture that supports these aims is also one in which patients can rely on safely receiving up-to-date and effective treatments from well-trained and trusted surgeons
SN  - 0039-6109
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1315
T1  - A framework for comparing video methods used to assess the clinical consultation: a qualitative study
A1  - Leong,A.
A1  - Koczan,P.
A1  - De,Lusignan S.
A1  - Sheeler,I.
Y1  - 2006/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17135058 IN - McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, 6th Floor McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada AS - Med Inform Internet Med. 31(4):255-65, 2006 Dec JC - 100883495, dcs SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Office Visits
KW  - *Physicians,Family/ed [Education]
KW  - *Videotape Recording/is [Instrumentation]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - choice
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - Consultation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Nonverbal Communication
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Simulation
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - quality
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Recording
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Video Recording
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 255
EP  - 265
JF  - Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Single-channel video is an established method for assessing clinical consultation in training general practitioners; however, it is hard to infer the body language of the doctor or how information in the consultation is being integrated into the medical record. A three-channel video was developed combining the conventional view with a camera looking at the doctor's facial expression and copying the video output from the monitor. However, the choice of three channels and camera angles selected has not been critically appraised. OBJECTIVE: To develop criteria for comparing single and multi-channel approaches to video recording of the consultation. METHODS: Single channel and three-channel recordings of simulated consultations were shown to a panel of 12 health professionals and interviews were conducted to gather their opinions on the level of information presented, quality and assessment. The transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS: It was found that in providing visual information the three-channel video was superior to the single channel video. The major elements needed for comparison of the two techniques would be the ability of the video to pick up quantifiable non-verbal communication of the doctor and the patient, and the ability to qualitatively and quantitatively reflect the use and impact of the computer on the consultation. The information provided by the three-channel video could be further classified to essential, desirable and redundant to guide the future development of the multi-channel video. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-channel methods should be able to capture the following information: body language and facial expression of doctor and patient; and how the doctor's knowledge and information collected in the consultation are synthesized into the medical record
SN  - 1463-9238
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1316
T1  - The predictive utility of nontraditional test scores for first-year pharmacy student academic performance
A1  - Lobb,W.B.
A1  - Wilkin,N.E.
A1  - McCaffrey,D.J.
A1  - Wilson,M.C.
A1  - Bentley,J.P.
Y1  - 2006/12/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17332854 IN - School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA. bigbill@olemiss.edu AS - Am J Pharm Educ. 70(6):128, 2006 Dec 15 JC - 0372650, 3r9 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *School Admission Criteria
KW  - *Students,Pharmacy
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Academic Performance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - data
KW  - Education,Pharmacy/mt [Methods]
KW  - Education,Pharmacy/td [Trends]
KW  - Educational Measurement/mt [Methods]
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Performance
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - practice
KW  - Predictive Validity
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - School
KW  - School Admission Criteria/td [Trends]
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - study strategies
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 128
JF  - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To determine the value of employing the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI), Defining Issues Test (DIT), and Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) in predictive models for first-year pharmacy student academic performance. METHODS: Six years of pharmacy student admission and progression data were evaluated. Additional predictive validity offered by these variables over a model of prepharmacy grade point average and pharmacy college admission test (PCAT) score was examined. RESULTS: None of the 3 measures offered the ability to predict first-semester or first-year academic performance over and above GPA and PCAT. CONCLUSIONS: The LASSI, DIT, and WGCTA do not appear to assess abilities that are directly related to academic performance; however, these instruments may be useful in assessing other student attributes that are highly desirable for the practice of pharmacy
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1317
T1  - Nursing research journal clubs: bridging the gap between practice and research. [Review] [11 refs]
A1  - Luby,M.
A1  - Riley,J.K.
A1  - Towne,G.
Y1  - 2006/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16700249 IN - Neonatal ICU, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA AS - Medsurg Nurs. 15(2):100-2, 2006 Apr JC - btm, 9300545 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - *Nursing Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Communication
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Staff,Hospital/px [Psychology]
KW  - Perioperative Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 100
EP  - 102
JF  - MEDSURG Nursing.2006 Apr; 15(2): 100-2.(11 ref)
J1  - MEDSURG Nursing
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SN  - 1092-0811
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1318
T1  - Methods of defining best practice for population health approaches with obesity prevention as an example. [Review] [46 refs]
A1  - McNeil,D.A.
A1  - Flynn,M.A.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17181907 IN - Calgary Health Region, 1402 29th St NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada. Debbie.Mcneil@CalgaryHealthRegion.ca AS - Proc Nutr Soc. 65(4):403-11, 2006 Nov JC - pw6, 7505881 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Child Nutrition Physiology
KW  - *Health Promotion/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Obesity/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Public Health
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Alberta
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - Child,Preschool
KW  - Childhood
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - frameworks
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Obesity/ep [Epidemiology]
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevention
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - schema
KW  - Standard
KW  - strategies
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 403
EP  - 411
JF  - Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
VL  - 65
IS  - 4
N2  - Childhood obesity has reached a crisis stage and has become a population health issue. The few traditional systematic reviews that have been done to identify best practice provide little direction for action. The concept of evidence-based practice has been adopted in health care, and in medicine in particular, to determine best practice. Evidence-based medicine has its origins in the scientific method and for many researchers this concept means strict adherence to standards determining internal validity in order to justify a practice as evidence based. Practitioners addressing population health face challenges in identifying criteria for determining evidence, in part because of the nature of population health with its goal of shifting the health of whole populations. As well, the type of evidence provided by more traditional critical appraisal schema is limiting. Expanded approaches in finding and defining evidence have been proposed that use: expert panels; broad and inclusive search and selection strategies; appraisal criteria that incorporate context and generalizability. A recent synthesis of 147 programmes addressing childhood overweight and obesity provides a concrete example of using a broader approach to identify evidence for best practice (Flynn et al. 2006). Incorporating evaluation and population health frameworks as criterion components in addition to traditional methodological rigour criteria, this synthesis has identified programmes that provide contextual information that can be used to populate what Swinburn et al. (2005) have described as the 'promise table'. Using this approach a range in 'certainty of effectiveness' and a range in 'potential for population impact' are integrated to identify promising strategies. The exercise can provide direction for agencies and practitioners in taking action to address obesity. [References: 46]
SN  - 0029-6651
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1319
T1  - Educational conferences in dermatology residency programs
A1  - Mehrabi,D.
A1  - Cruz,P.D.,Jr.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16908367 IN - University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and the Dermatology Section, Medical Service, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9069, USA AS - J Am Acad Dermatol. 55(3):523-4, 2006 Sep JC - hvg, 7907132 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Congresses
KW  - *Dermatology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Internship and Residency
KW  - Article
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - images
KW  - journal
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Science
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Texas
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 523
EP  - 524
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Vol.52(4)()(pp 559-573), 2005.
J1  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
N2  - To characterize conferences in dermatology residency programs, we surveyed directors and chief residents. Most respondents thought their amount of conference time was just right (7-8 hours/wk); they also identified grand rounds, dermatopathology, and clinical images as best implemented, whereas journal club and basic science needed most improvement. By contrast, respondents diverged regarding conferences they wanted to establish; directors identified research and basic science, whereas chief residents listed pediatrics and surgery
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1320
T1  - Research utilization and clinical nurse educators: A systematic review. [Review] [48 refs]
A1  - Milner,M.
A1  - Estabrooks,C.A.
A1  - Myrick,F.
Y1  - 2006/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17100863 IN - Knowledge Utilization Studies Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. margaret.milner@ualberta.ca AS - J Eval Clin Pract. 12(6):639-55, 2006 Dec JC - cwd, 9609066 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Nursing Research
KW  - *Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nurse Clinicians
KW  - *Nursing Staff/ed [Education]
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Nurse Specialists
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Facilitation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Literature
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurse Practitioner
KW  - Nurse Practitioners
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Innovation
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 639
EP  - 655
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Clinical nurse educators and other linking agents such as clinical nurse specialists, advanced nurse practitioners, and nurses working in research leadership positions are an important link in the facilitation of evidence-based practice in health care organizations. AIM: The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a systematic review of the literature regarding clinical nurse educators and research utilization, using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework as a backdrop for the analysis. FINDINGS: There is a positive relationship between research utilization and attitude toward research, higher levels of education, and reading professional nursing journals among clinical nurse educators. The authors suggest that not all clinical nurse educators have the necessary critical appraisal skills and research knowledge to use research effectively in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies have examined clinical nurse educators and the determinants of their research utilization behaviour in clinical practice. Future research on clinical nurse educators needs to focus on the outcomes of research utilization, including the effectiveness of their role as facilitators and the contexts in which they practice. [References: 48]
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1321
T1  - Finding truth from the medical literature: how to critically evaluate an article. [Review] [60 refs]
A1  - Miser,W.F.
Y1  - 2006//20/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17169670 IN - Department of Family Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2231 North High Street, Room 203, Columbus, OH 43201, USA. miser.6@osu.edu AS - Prim Care. 33(4):839-62, vi, 2006 Dec JC - p99, 0430463 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - *Journalism,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Peer Review,Research/st [Standards]
KW  - *Randomized Controlled Trials/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 839
EP  - 862
JF  - Primary Care; Clinics in Office Practice.Vol.29(3)()(pp 519-542), 2002.
J1  - Primary Care; Clinics in Office Practice
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
N2  - With Internet access available to all, patients are increasingly gaining access to medical information, and then looking to their primary care physician for interpretation. Physicians encounter an "information jungle"--there were 682,121 articles recorded in PubMed in 2005. If clinicians read two articles per day, in 1 year they would be over nine centuries behind in their reading! Although several excellent services that sift and critically assess medical literature are available to physicians, they are not helpful when a patient brings in the latest article. Physicians must have basic skills in judging the validity and clinical importance of these articles. This article provides an overview of a systematic, efficient, and effective approach to the critical review of original research. [References: 60]
SN  - 0095-4543
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1322
T1  - [Critical comment on nursing expert standards: meeting challenges to improve quality]. [German]
A1  - Mitglieder des Fachbereichs Pflege und Gesundheitsforderung des Deutschen Netzserkes Evidenzbasierte Medizin
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16447614 IN - Gabriele.Meyer@uni-hamburg.de OT - Kritische Stellungnahme zu den Expertenstandards in der Pflege: Chancen fur die Oualitatsentwicklung nutzen AS - Pflege Z. 59(1):34-8, 2006 Jan JC - 9430463, bz0 SB - N CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Nursing Process/st [Standards]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - *Quality Assurance,Health Care/st [Standards]
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - conflict
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Evaluation Research
KW  - quality
KW  - Reference Standards
KW  - Societies,Nursing
KW  - Standard
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 38
JF  - Pflege Zeitschrift
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
N2  - The German Network for the Development of Quality in Nursing (DNQP) has published so called nursing "expert standards" on selected nursing issues. These are developed by expert working groups based on the current evidence, subsequently consented, and Implemented exemplarily. The standards aim at securing a generally accepted quality level in nursing. Accordingly, they are already consulted as yardstick for quality inspections and legal judgement identification, making it even more important that they meet recognized criteria. Therefore, members of the nursing section of the German network for evidence-based medicine (DNEbM) critically appraised the standards. Aspects worth being discussed are: definition of the term "expert standard", consideration of internationally recognized criteria for the development ol Suidelines and transparency of methockilogy; professional foundation and differentiation of recommendations, access to the standards, implementation tools, authors' possible conflicts of interest, as well as regular revision of the standards. This statement intents tobe the basis for a discussion on the future development of justified and comprehensible quality levels in nursing in Germany
SN  - 0945-1129
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1323
T1  - Randomized trial for answers to clinical questions: evaluating a pre-appraised versus a MEDLINE search protocol
A1  - Patel,M.R.
A1  - Schardt,C.M.
A1  - Sanders,L.L.
A1  - Keitz,S.A.
Y1  - 2006/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17082828 IN - Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. manesh.patel@duke.edu AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 94(4):382-7, 2006 Oct JC - 101132728 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PT - Validation Studies LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/mt [Methods]
KW  - *MEDLINE
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases,Factual
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - Internal Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Paper
KW  - Protocols
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Resident
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 382
EP  - 387
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 94
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The paper compares the speed, validity, and applicability of two different protocols for searching the primary medical literature. DESIGN: A randomized trial involving medicine residents was performed. SETTING: An inpatient general medicine rotation was used. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two internal medicine residents were block randomized into four groups of eight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success rate of each search protocol was measured by perceived search time, number of questions answered, and proportion of articles that were applicable and valid. RESULTS: Residents randomized to the MEDLINE-first (protocol A) group searched 120 questions, and residents randomized to the MEDLINE-last (protocol B) searched 133 questions. In protocol A, 104 answers (86.7%) and, in protocol B, 117 answers (88%) were found to clinical questions. In protocol A, residents reported that 26 (25.2%) of the answers were obtained quickly or rated as "fast" (<5 minutes) as opposed to 55 (51.9%) in protocol B, (P = 0.0004). A subset of questions and articles (n = 79) were reviewed by faculty who found that both protocols identified similar numbers of answer articles that addressed the questions and were felt to be valid using critical appraisal criteria. CONCLUSION: For resident-generated clinical questions, both protocols produced a similarly high percentage of applicable and valid articles. The MEDLINE-last search protocol was perceived to be faster. However, in the MEDLINE-last protocol, a significant portion of questions (23%) still required searching MEDLINE to find an answer
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1324
T1  - A journal club is an effective tool for assisting librarians in the practice of evidence-based librarianship: a case study
A1  - Pearce-Smith,N.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16466497 IN - Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Supporting Public Health, Oxford, UK. nicola.pearce-smith@dphpc.ox.ac.uk AS - Health Info Libr J. 23(1):32-40, 2006 Mar JC - d3f, 100970070 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval/st [Standards]
KW  - *Libraries,Medical
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Publishing/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Competency-Based Education
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - methods
KW  - Organizational Case Studies
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 32
EP  - 40
JF  - Health Information & Libraries Journal
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To establish a journal club for librarians, which aimed to develop appraisal skills and assist in the application of research to practice. METHODS: Fourteen health librarians were invited to attend a journal club. Each month a librarian was responsible for preparing a scenario, choosing a research paper, and selecting a checklist. The paper was appraised by the club, and a critically appraised topic (CAT) prepared. Six months later, a questionnaire was sent to all librarians. RESULTS: Six out of 14 librarians attended the journal club and five out of six returned the questionnaire. All five agreed that attending the journal club helped them develop appraisal skills, write a CAT and be more critical of research. Four agreed they always identified a research paper first, then formulated a question. One librarian agreed that applying results to their own practice was difficult, one disagreed and three were neutral. CONCLUSION: Journal clubs can be effective at developing appraisal skills and writing a CAT, as well as increasing the reading of library research. Librarians still need assistance in identifying and using questions directly from their own practice. The journal club has helped some librarians to apply evidence to practice, but others find the research is not always directly relevant
SN  - 1471-1834
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1325
T1  - [Evidence-based radiology: a new approach to evaluate the clinical practice of radiology]. [Review] [40 refs] [German]
A1  - Puig,S.
A1  - Felder-Puig,R.
Y1  - 2006/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16817121 IN - Univ.Klinik f. Radiodiagnostik, Medizinische Universitat Wien. stefan.puig@meduniwien.ac.at OT - Evidenzbasierte Radiologie: Ein neuer Ansatz zur Bewertung von klinisch angewandter radiologischer Diagnostik und Therapie AS - ROFO Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Nuklearmed. 178(7):671-9, 2006 Jul JC - rof, 7507497 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - German
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Image Interpretation,Computer-Assisted/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns/td [Trends]
KW  - *Radiology/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Radiology/td [Trends]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trials/mt [Methods]
KW  - Clinical Trials/td [Trends]
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Parameter
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 671
EP  - 679
JF  - Rofo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin
VL  - 178
IS  - 7
N2  - Over the last several years, the concept and methodology of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) have received significant attention in the scientific community. However, compared to therapeutic medical disciplines, EBM-based radiological publications are still underrepresented. This article summarizes the principles of EBM and discusses the possibilities of their application in radiology. The presented topics include the critical appraisal of studies on the basis on EBM principles, the explanation of EBM-relevant statistical outcome parameters (e. g., "likelihood ratio" for diagnostic and "number needed to treat" for interventional procedures), as well as the problems facing evidence-based radiology. Evidence-based evaluation of radiological procedures does not only address aspects of cost-effectiveness, but is also particularly helpful in identifying patient-specific usefulness. Therefore it should become an integral part of radiologist training. [References: 40]
SN  - 1438-9029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1326
T1  - [The scope of educational strategy in teaching education of visiting professors]. [Spanish]
A1  - Ramirez-Munguia,M.
A1  - Cobos-Aguilar,H.
A1  - Castillo-Calderon,J.E.
A1  - guilar-Mejia,E.
A1  - revalo-Rivas,B.I.
Y1  - 2006/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16904031 IN - Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad 48, Centro Medico Nacional Leon, Guanajuato, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. manuel.ramirezm@imss.gob.mx OT - Alcante de la estrategia de visita de profesores para formacion docente AS - REV. MED. INST. MEX. SEGURO SOC.. 44(4):297-302, 2006 Jul-Aug JC - 101243727 SB - IM CP - Mexico PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - *Education,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Teaching/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Teaching/st [Standards]
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
EP  - 302
JF  - Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Professors of Medicine usually lack teaching education apart from their speciality. This kind of education and the development of researchers in education are now a priority. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scope of the visit of professors in the development of aptitude for critical reading of reports on educational research and educational texts in a teaching-education program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An educational strategy was implemented to promote the development of a stance on education and on aptitudes for criticism of educational texts and research reports, which were assessed by means of previously validated instruments. A group of 10 professors was studied. RESULTS: After the course, all the participants increased their scores. A p = 0.005 value was obtained with the Wilcoxon test in the three instruments applied. All the participants showed a stance on education in the retest. CONCLUSIONS: The educational strategy modified and increased the professors' stance on education. The results showed a significant change of stance for critical reading. Even though they are incipient, these results should be encouraged through continuing formation of teaching education
SN  - 0443-5117
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1327
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medicine to undergraduate medical students: a course integrating ethics, audit, management and clinical epidemiology.[comment]
A1  - Rhodes,M.
A1  - Ashcroft,R.
A1  - Atun,R.A.
A1  - Freeman,G.K.
A1  - Jamrozik,K.
Y1  - 2006/06//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16807168 IN - Imperial College, UK. m.rhodes@imperial.ac.uk CM - Comment on: Med Teach. 2006 Jun;28(4):303-4; PMID: 16807165 AS - Med Teach. 28(4):313-7, 2006 Jun JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Comment PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - *Epidemiology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Ethics,Medical/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Health Services Administration/td [Trends]
KW  - *Medical Audit
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - business
KW  - College
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teams
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - Time
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 313
EP  - 317
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
N2  - A six-week full time course for third-year undergraduate medical students at Imperial College uniquely links evidence-based medicine (EBM) with ethics and the management of change in health services. It is mounted jointly by the Medical and Business Schools and features an experiential approach. Small teams of students use a problem-based strategy to address practical issues identified from a range of clinical placements in primary and secondary care settings. The majority of these junior clinical students achieve important objectives for learning about teamwork, critical appraisal, applied ethics and health care organisations. Their work often influences the care received by patients in the host clinical units. We discuss the strengths of the course in relation to other accounts of programmes in EBM. We give examples of recurring experiences from successive cohorts and discuss assessment issues and how our multi-phasic evaluation informs evolution of the course and the potential for future developments
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1328
T1  - The journal club: a means to promote nursing research. [Review] [14 refs]
A1  - Rich,K.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16625730 IN - La Porte Hospital and Health Services, IN, USA AS - J Vasc Nurs. 24(1):27-8, 2006 Mar JC - aw8, 9014475 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Interprofessional Relations
KW  - *Nurses/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Nursing Research
KW  - *Self-Help Groups/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Social Support
KW  - Article
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Research/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Specialties,Nursing/ed [Education]
KW  - Specialties,Nursing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - United States
KW  - Vascular Diseases/nu [Nursing]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 28
JF  - Journal of Vascular Nursing
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SN  - 1062-0303
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1329
T1  - [Profile of nursing schools graduates according to the National Curriculum Guidelines: an approach]. [Review] [19 refs] [Portuguese]
A1  - Santos,S.S.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17051894 IN - Departamento de Enfermagem da Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. silvanasidney@terra.com.br OT - Perfil de egresso de curso de enfermagem nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais: uma aproximacao AS - Rev Bras Enferm. 59(2):217-21, 2006 Mar-Apr JC - 7910105, rh5 SB - N CP - Brazil PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - Portuguese
KW  - *Education,Nursing
KW  - Article
KW  - Brazil
KW  - critical reading
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - values
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 217
EP  - 221
JF  - Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
N2  - The curriculum restructuration in the nursing graduation course, that is necessary according to the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG), starts its activities with a critical reading of the Resolution 03/2201. In this Resolution, there is, besides others orientations, the egresses profile. This critical review of literature aimed at reflecting about the words or categories that the egresses profile contains, according to the NCG. It will be made by using dictionaries (of Portuguese language and philosophy) and literature diverse (of the nursing course and others subjects) to understand them better and perceive them relevant to the nurse professional formation and, consequently, essential in the Pedagogical Political Project (PPP). The values of the egresses profile proposal in the nurse's formation are recognized, but it is important to realize that it is not a matter of establish new marks, prioritize new objectives, change the profile, restructure subjects, reestablish functioning conditions or schedule only, but realize a collective work with a group growth. [References: 19]
SN  - 0034-7167
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1330
T1  - [The critical role of research evidence in the framework of health technology assessment]. [German]
A1  - Sauerland,S.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16477456 IN - Universitat Witten/Herdecke. S.Sauerland@uni-koeln.de OT - Die kritische Rolle wissenschaftlicher Evidenz im Rahmen von Health Technology Assessment AS - Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 49(3):251-6, 2006 Mar JC - 101181368 SB - IM CP - Germany PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - German
KW  - *Biomedical Technology/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Technology Assessment,Biomedical/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - Biomedical Technology/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Role
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Technology Assessment,Biomedical/og [Organization & Administration]
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 256
JF  - Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
N2  - In spite of their different aims, evidence-based medicine (EBM) and health technology assessment (HTA) to some extent use similar methodologies for the assessment of a technology's efficacy. The decision to include only a certain quality of studies in a HTA report usually follows the hierarchy of evidence with different levels of evidence. Problems arise if study evidence is completely lacking or if it is extrapolated or transferred to other healthcare settings. As subjectivity is inevitable when critically appraising the evidence or combining it with other sources of information, HTA decisions should be presented with maximum transparency. Since physicians usually have only limited knowledge of research methodology and read only an average of 20 articles per year, a cooperative approach is required when appraising the evidence for HTA
SN  - 1436-9990
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1331
T1  - An evaluation of a collaborative model for preparing evidence-based medicine teachers
A1  - Scherrer,C.S.
A1  - Dorsch,J.L.
A1  - Weller,A.C.
Y1  - 2006/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16636708 IN - University of Illinois at Chicago, Library of the Health Sciences, 1750 West Polk m/c 763, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. cscherre@uic.edu AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 94(2):159-65, 2006 Apr JC - 101132728 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Evaluation Studies PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Cooperative Behavior
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Faculty,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Library Science/ed [Education]
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Consumer Satisfaction
KW  - Credentialing
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education,Medical,Continuing/mt [Methods]
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty,Medical/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Home
KW  - Humans
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Science/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Concepts
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Telephone
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 165
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 94
IS  - 2
N2  - PURPOSE: The authors studied the effectiveness of a train-the-trainer collaboration model between librarians and medical faculty to instruct librarians and health professionals in teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles. METHODS: A telephone survey was administered to graduates of an EBM course who agreed to participate in the study. They were asked if and how they taught EBM on returning to their institutions, if they felt competent to critically appraise an article, if their skill in searching PubMed improved, and if they collaborated with others in teaching EBM. RESULTS: Most respondents were librarians. The class was successful in that most taught EBM on return to their home institutions. Most initiated collaboration with health professionals. The goals of improving PubMed searching and achieving statistical competency had less success. CONCLUSION: This model is effective in preparing librarians to teach EBM. Modeling and encouraging collaboration between librarians and health professionals were successful techniques. Librarians would like more instruction in statistical concepts and less in searching PubMed. conclusions cannot be made for health professionals because of the low response rate from this group. As evidence-based health care continues to extend to other disciplines, librarians can position themselves to participate fully in the EBM educational process
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1332
T1  - A web-based library consult service for evidence-based medicine: Technical development
A1  - Schwartz,A.
A1  - Millam,G.
A1  - UIC,L.C.S.,I
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16542453 IN - Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA. alansz@uic.edu AS - BMC Med Inf Decis Mak. 6:16, 2006 JC - 101088682 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - 1G08LM007921-01 (NLM) LG - English
KW  - *Consultants
KW  - *Databases,Bibliographic/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Hospitals,University/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems
KW  - *Internet/ut [Utilization]
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computer User Training
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Support Techniques
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Illinois
KW  - journal
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Resident
KW  - Software
KW  - Staff
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - User-Computer Interface
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 16
JF  - BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 16.Date of Publication: 16 MAR 2006.
J1  - BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making
VL  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Incorporating evidence based medicine (EBM) into clinical practice requires clinicians to learn to efficiently gain access to clinical evidence and effectively appraise its validity. Even using current electronic systems, selecting literature-based data to solve a single patient-related problem can require more time than practicing physicians or residents can spare. Clinical librarians, as informationists, are uniquely suited to assist physicians in this endeavor. RESULTS: To improve support for evidence-based practice, we have developed a web-based EBM library consult service application (LCS). Librarians use the LCS system to provide full text evidence-based literature with critical appraisal in response to a clinical question asked by a remote physician. LCS uses an entirely Free/Open Source Software platform and will be released under a Free Software license. In the first year of the LCS project, the software was successfully developed and a reference implementation put into active use. Two years of evaluation of the clinical, educational, and attitudinal impact on physician-users and librarian staff are underway, and expected to lead to refinement and wide dissemination of the system. CONCLUSION: A web-based EBM library consult model may provide a useful way for informationists to assist clinicians, and is feasible to implement
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1333
T1  - Implementing evidence-based decision-making: forming a student extracurricular evidence-based journal club
A1  - Shahi,R.
A1  - Navarro,A.
A1  - Quach,N.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17138440 IN - UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA AS - J. evid.-based dent. pract.. 6(3):209-11, 2006 Sep JC - 101083101 SB - D, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Focus Groups
KW  - *Students,Dental
KW  - Article
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - School
KW  - Schools,Dental
KW  - Student
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 209
EP  - 211
JF  - The Journal of Evidencebased Dental Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1334
T1  - Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. II. Hematology
A1  - Sharkey,L.
A1  - Wellman,M.
A1  - Christopher,M.M.
A1  - American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Education Committee
Y1  - 2006/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17123243 IN - Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA. shark009@umn.edu AS - Vet Clin Pathol. 35(4):382-7, 2006 Dec JC - 9880575 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Education,Veterinary/st [Standards]
KW  - *Guidelines
KW  - *Hematology/ed [Education]
KW  - *Hematology/st [Standards]
KW  - *Pathology,Veterinary/ed [Education]
KW  - *Pathology,Veterinary/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - College
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Continuing/st [Standards]
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Needs
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Population
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Resident
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Staff
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 382
EP  - 387
JF  - Veterinary Clinical Pathology
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: The Education Committee of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) identified a need for improved structure and guidance in training residents in clinical pathology. To begin to meet this need, guidelines for training in clinical chemistry were published in 2003. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this report is to define learning objectives and competencies in hematology, including coagulation and immunohematology. METHODS: These guidelines were developed and written with the input of ASVCP Education Committee members and peer experts. RESULTS: The primary objectives of training in hematology are: 1) to accrue a thorough, extensive, and relevant knowledge base of the types, principles, and properties of hematology tests and concepts of pathophysiology in animals; 2) to develop abilities to reason, think critically, communicate effectively, and exercise judgment in hematologic data interpretation and investigative problem-solving; and 3) to acquire technical and statistical skills important in hematology and laboratory operations. We also provide options and ideas for training activities and identify hematology resources useful for clinical pathology faculty and staff, training program coordinators, and residents. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines define expected competencies that will help ensure proficiency, leadership, and the advancement of knowledge in veterinary hematology and provide a useful framework for didactic and clinical activities in resident-training programs. The learning objectives can readily be adapted to institutional and individual needs, interests, goals, and resources
SN  - 0275-6382
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1335
T1  - Critical thinking ability of associate, baccalaureate and RN-BSN senior students in Korea
A1  - Shin,S.
A1  - Ha,J.
A1  - Shin,K.
A1  - Davis,M.K.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17142151 IN - College of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyung-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea AS - Nurs Outlook. 54(6):328-33, 2006 Nov-Dec JC - o9h, 0401075 SB - AIM, IM, N CP - United States PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Associate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Nursing,Baccalaureate/st [Standards]
KW  - *Education,Professional,Retraining/st [Standards]
KW  - *Students,Nursing/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - College
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum/st [Standards]
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educational program
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Services Needs and Demand
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Korea
KW  - Logic
KW  - Male
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education Research
KW  - Nursing Process
KW  - Nursing Science
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - Science
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 328
EP  - 333
JF  - Nursing Outlook.2006 Jan-Feb; 54(1): 10-6.(59 ref)
J1  - Nursing Outlook
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
N2  - The purpose of this study was to compare the critical thinking ability of students enrolled in associate, baccalaureate, and Registered Nurse-Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN-to-BSN) programs in Korea. The participants were 301 undergraduate nursing students. The instrument used for this study was the Watson & Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance with Scheffe's multiple comparison. The average critical thinking ability score was 41.59. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students scored significantly higher on critical thinking than the other 2 groups. Students < or = 22 years of age scored higher than the other age groups on critical thinking. This study provides preliminary evidence that the length and content of an educational program is as important as its focus on enabling students to develop their critical thinking abilities. This finding suggests a need to infuse critical thinking activities early in existing secondary school curricula as a way of encouraging students to develop their thinking abilities earlier
SN  - 0029-6554
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1336
T1  - Towards evidence-based diagnosis in developing countries: the use of likelihood ratios for robust quick diagnosis. [Review] [39 refs]
A1  - Soltani,A.
A1  - Moayyeri,A.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16861864 IN - Evidence Based Medicine Working Team, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AS - Ann Saudi Med. 26(3):211-5, 2006 May-Jun JC - asm, 8507355 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Diagnosis
KW  - *Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/sn [Statistics & Numerical Data]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Likelihood Functions
KW  - Ambulatory Care/mt [Methods]
KW  - Article
KW  - Bayes Theorem
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - History
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - Science
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 211
EP  - 215
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.26(6)()(pp 429-432), 2006.
J1  - Annals of Saudi Medicine
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM), a relatively new paradigm for clinical practice, stresses the use of research evidence in diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic interventions. Financial and instrumental scarcities in developing countries require cliniciansto visit patients under time constraints, especially in outpatient clinical settings. In this situation, clinicians need diagnostic approaches that reduce both diagnostic time and errors. This article discusses what EBM can do to help physicians in this regard. For quick history taking and physical examination, all physicians utilize certain "key pointers" (signs or symptoms or paraclinical tests that influence the pretest estimation of the disease prevalence). EBM emphasizes that these key pointers are nothing but signs or symptoms with significant likelihood ratios. Likelihood ratios are a practical means of interpreting clinical tests; physicians can derive likelihood ratios from critically appraised studies. The use of clinical tests with sizeable likelihood ratios and with likelihood ratios for key pointers from independent body systems may significantly decrease both diagnostic time and errors. EBM could be a significant aid to physicians in the developing world. [References: 39]
SN  - 0256-4947
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1337
T1  - Reviewing the potential for critical appraisal training to cater for professional practice. [Review] [32 refs]
A1  - Stewart,R.
A1  - Oliver,S.
Y1  - 2006/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16707289 IN - Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, UK. r.stewart@ioe.ac.uk AS - Med Teach. 28(2):e74-9, 2006 Mar JC - 7909593, mf9 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Patient Care
KW  - *Professional Practice
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - medical training
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Centered Care
KW  - Patient-Centered Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - social science research
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - e74
EP  - e79
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
N2  - Critical appraisal training aims to encourage evidence-based decision-making and ultimately improve health outcomes for patients. Such training must arguably be participatory, multi-disciplinary and problem-based if it is to equip health professionals for problem solving within a modern health service. To explore whether critical appraisal training has the potential to achieve its aims we systematically reviewed reports of critical appraisal training. We identified 58 critical appraisal training programmes, identified through two recently published systematic reviews. Of these, only 15 were identified as multi-disciplinary. Similarly, whilst many of the 58 interventions included some level of participation this was often limited in scope. Around a third of the identified training programmes were problem-based. Only a very small number of the 58 interventions might be described as facilitating cross-disciplinary participatory working. These were by no means all problem-based. We recommend that providers of medical training consider how they might encourage the use of problem-based, mixed, participatory training to encourage evidence-based patient-centered care. More research is also needed to understand how mixed and participatory problem-based learning might influence working practice. [References: 32]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1338
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: a survey of American Urological Association members
A1  - Sur,R.L.
A1  - Scales,C.D.,Jr.
A1  - Preminger,G.M.
A1  - Dahm,P.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16890708 IN - Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA AS - J Urol. 176(3):1127-34, 2006 Sep JC - kc7, 0376374 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Societies,Medical
KW  - *Urology
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Technique
KW  - Type I Error
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1134
JF  - Journal of Urology.Vol.176(5)()(pp 1938-1945), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Urology
VL  - 176
IS  - 3
N2  - PURPOSE: We investigated the attitudes and opinions of urologists toward evidence-based medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In April of 2005 we contacted members of the American Urological Association listed with an e-mail address to participate in a web based survey. Participants were asked to characterize their level of agreement with statements referring to the role of evidence-based medicine in urology, to indicate their level of understanding of 15 evidence-based medicine related terms and to report their familiarity with 6 evidence-based medicine related resources. RESULTS: Of 8,100 American Urological Association members 714 (8.8%) responded to this survey. There was widespread agreement (median score 9) with the concept that evidence-based medicine improves patient care and that every urologist should be familiar with critical appraisal techniques. Select terms such as median/mean, selection bias and type I error were well understood ("understand and could explain to others") by 86%, 57% and 17%, respectively. The American Urological Association Best Practice Guidelines were the single best known resource that 91% of respondents reviewed or used regularly. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this survey represents the first evidence-based medicine survey of a large international group of urologists. Its results indicate that evidence-based medicine is viewed favorably and that the American Urological Association Best Practice Guidelines present a well accepted instrument for the dissemination of evidence-based medicine in urology. However, given the low response rate and the potential for selection bias, interpretation of these results must be performed with caution. Future efforts should be directed toward providing increased opportunities for urologists to learn the principles of critical appraisal, facilitating the application of evidence-based medicine in the community and promoting high quality research
SN  - 0022-5347
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1339
T1  - Types of clinical studies. Systematic reviews. [Review] [28 refs]
A1  - Varandas,T.
A1  - Carneiro,A.V.
Y1  - 2006/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16673653 IN - Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidencia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Portugal. avc@fm.ul.pt AS - Rev Port Cardiol. 25(2):233-46, 2006 Feb JC - aow, 8710716 SB - IM CP - Portugal PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English, Portuguese
KW  - *Review Literature
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases,Bibliographic
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Paper
KW  - problems
KW  - Quantitative Analysis
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 233
EP  - 246
JF  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Vol.24(12)()(pp 1539-1556), 2005.
J1  - Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
N2  - Systematic reviews are analytic instruments that summarize the best available scientific evidence in order to provide evidence-based answers to clinically relevant questions. Meta-analyses are systematic reviews with a quantitative analysis of results. The process of conducting a systematic review is a rigorous and standardized procedure that includes: 1) formulating a clinically relevant question; 2) explicit selection of studies (primary or secondary) to be included in the review; 3) critical appraisal of the relevant evidence; 4) summarizing the evidence; and 5) statistical analysis of the results. In this paper we describe the steps involved in conducting a systematic review of scientific evidence, the methodology, and problems. [References: 28]
SN  - 0870-2551
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1340
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in clinical curriculum
A1  - Wanvarie,S.
A1  - Sathapatayavongs,B.
A1  - Sirinavin,S.
A1  - Ingsathit,A.
A1  - Ungkanont,A.
A1  - Sirinan,C.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17051277 IN - Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. grswr@mahidol.ac.th AS - Ann Acad Med Singapore. 35(9):615-8, 2006 Sep JC - 53f, 7503289 SB - IM CP - Singapore PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Education,Medical/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ed [Education]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Clinical Competence
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - competency
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - School
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thailand
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 615
EP  - 618
JF  - Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
VL  - 35
IS  - 9
N2  - INTRODUCTION: The teaching of evidence-based medicine (EBM) has now been incorporated as an integral part of medical curriculum at the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital but there is little research into the effectiveness of the course. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the EBM skills of medical students and competency of the faculty member. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The EBM course was created by the EBM Working Group at the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital for 3rd- to 6th-year medical students. The principles of EBM, clinical epidemiology and biostatistics were gradually instilled during the 4 years of medical school. Information technology infrastructure was also provided to facilitate critical appraisal skills. At the end of the Community Medicine clerkship, students anonymously evaluated aspects of the course regarding their EBM skills and faculty member competency with Likert scale questions. RESULTS: Medical students generally gave high evaluations to all aspects of the EBM course taught in the Community Medicine Department. For each of the evaluation questions, the means were higher for faculty member competency. CONCLUSIONS: The teaching of EBM course at the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital is useful for medical students to enhance their critical thinking skills, and they seem to value the sessions positively
SN  - 0304-4602
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1341
T1  - Conflict between guideline methodologic quality and recommendation validity: a potential problem for practitioners.[see comment]. [Review] [55 refs]
A1  - Watine,J.
A1  - Friedberg,B.
A1  - Nagy,E.
A1  - Onody,R.
A1  - Oosterhuis,W.
A1  - Bunting,P.S.
A1  - Charet,J.C.
A1  - Horvath,A.R.
Y1  - 2006/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16391328 IN - Laboratoire de Biologie Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier General de Rodez, Rodez, France. j.watine@ch-rodez.fr CM - Comment in: Clin Chem. 2006 Jan;52(1):3-4; PMID: 16391326 AS - Clin Chem. 52(1):65-72, 2006 Jan JC - dbz, 9421549 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Carcinoma,Non-Small-Cell Lung/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Clinical Chemistry Tests/st [Standards]
KW  - *Lung Neoplasms/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines/st [Standards]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Clinical Chemistry Tests/mt [Methods]
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conflict
KW  - Consensus
KW  - content
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Control
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - United States
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 72
JF  - Clinical Chemistry
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: It is not clear if good methodologic quality in current practice guidelines necessarily leads to more valid recommendations, i.e., those that are supported with consistent research evidence or, when evidence is conflicting or lacking, with sufficient consensus among the guideline development team. To help clarify this issue, we assessed whether there is a link between methodologic quality and recommendation validity in practice guidelines for the use of laboratory tests in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of data on laboratory tests in NSCLC published in English or in French within the last 10 years and retrieved 11 practice guidelines for the use of these tests. The guidelines were critically appraised and scored for methodologic quality and recommendation validity based on the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) criteria and on the systematic review. RESULTS: Overall, these 11 guidelines had considerable shortcomings in methodologic quality and, to a lesser extent, in recommendation validity. Practice guidelines with the best methodologic quality were not necessarily the most valid in their recommendations, and conversely. CONCLUSIONS: Poor methodologic quality and lack of recommendation validity in laboratory medicine call for methodologic standards of guideline development and for international collaboration of guideline development agencies. We advise readers of guidelines to critically evaluate the methods used as well as the content of the recommendations before adopting them for use in practice. [References: 55]
SN  - 0009-9147
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1342
T1  - Hepatitis C and pregnancy 506
A1  - Airoldi,J.
A1  - Berghella,V.
Y1  - 2006/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16978426 IN - Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. james.airoldi@mail.tju.edu AS - Obstet Gynecol Surv. 61(10):666-72, 2006 Oct JC - ocm, 0401007 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Electrode
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - Feeding
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Hepatitis
KW  - Hepatitis C Virus
KW  - HIV
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infection
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Risk
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Vertical Transmission
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 666
EP  - 672
JF  - Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
VL  - 61
IS  - 10
N2  - Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States. The diagnosis of vertical transmission is reliably established by a positive serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA on 2 occasions 3 to 4 months apart after the infant is at least 2 months old and/or by the detection of anti-HCV antibodies after the infant is 18 months old. Vertical transmission in HCV RNA-negative pregnant women is approximately 1% to 3% versus approximately 4% to 6% in HCV RNA-positive women. From the standpoint of vertical transmission, no critical HCV RNA titer has been established. Coinfection with HIV has been shown to increase the risk of vertical transmission of HCV, but highly active antiretroviral therapy may decrease the risk significantly. In HIV-negative women, route of delivery does not influence vertical transmission. In HCV/HIV-coinfected women, decisions regarding mode of delivery should be based on HIV status. There is no association between vertical transmission of HCV and gestational age at delivery or the presence of chorioamnionitis. The use of a scalp electrode has been associated with vertical transmission and this practice is discouraged. Data are conflicting regarding duration of ruptured membranes and the risk of vertical transmission of hepatitis C. When the duration of membrane rupture exceeds 6 hours, the risk may be increased. There is no evidence demonstrating an increased risk of HCV transmission in HIV-negative women who breast feed. In HCV/HIV-coinfected women, breast feeding is discouraged in women who have consistent access to safe infant formula. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to recall that vertical transmission of hepatitis C (HCV) does occur, state that coinfection with HIV increases the transmission rate, and summarize that there is no association between gestational age or presence of chorioamnionitis and no evidence that a cesarean delivery prevents transmission
SN  - 0029-7828
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1343
T1  - Attitude, awareness and practice of evidence based medicine among consultant physicians in Western region of Saudi Arabia 350
A1  - Al-Omari,F.K.
A1  - Al-Asmary,S.M.
Y1  - 2006/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17143370 IN - Department of Family Medicine, Al-Hada Military Hospital, PO Box 7035, Al-Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. dromari2003@yahoo.com AS - Saudi Med J. 27(12):1887-93, 2006 Dec JC - dyw, 7909441 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - self
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1887
EP  - 1893
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - 27
IS  - 12
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the awareness, attitude and practice of evidence base medicine (EBM) among Al-Taif Consultant Physicians and to define the perceived barriers for practicing EBM. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study conducted during December, 2004, at all governmental hospitals in Western region of Saudi Arabia at Al-Taif Governorate. Two hundred and eight self administrated questionnaires had been distributed to all consultant physicians in different specialties who met the inclusions criteria for this study. RESULTS: The response rate was 85.5% of more than 16 different specialties involved in this study with different types of qualifications. The internal consistency reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha), that measures current attitude, was 0.76. The majority of respondents had a positive attitude toward EBM; 97% were welcoming EBM, 48% of participants reported regular use of EBM in their daily clinical practice, 42% sometimes and 9% never practice EBM. No distributed updated clinical letters, journals or guidelines was considered as the major barrier to practice EBM (60.3%), followed by no time available (31%) and then unavailability of internet access at locality (24%). Many of the respondents did not engage or receive formal training in the search strategy (59.3%), critical appraisal (54.8%) and (92%) would like to attend courses relevant in practicing EBM in the future (p<0.05). Participants reported a low level of awareness to extracting journals, review publication and databases related to EBM. CONCLUSION: Al-Taif Consultant Physicians appeared enthusiastic to utilize EBM in daily clinical practice with strong welcoming attitude to it; nevertheless, they need more knowledge and training on how to review publications, databases related to EBM and promote use of EBM in routine practice to be ensured that physicians have both the skills and knowledge to practice
SN  - 0379-5284
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1344
T1  - Towards evidence-based medical education in saudi medical schools 307
A1  - AlFaris,E.
A1  - Abdulgader,A.
A1  - Alkhenizan,A.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17143017 IN - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. eiad@ksu.edu.sa AS - Ann Saudi Med. 26(6):429-32, 2006 Nov-Dec JC - asm, 8507355 SB - IM CP - Saudi Arabia PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Age
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Culture
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - medical teaching
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mind
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 432
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.26(6)()(pp 429-432), 2006.
J1  - Annals of Saudi Medicine
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
N2  - Evidence-based medical education (BEME) is an attitude of mind that entails the creation of a culture in which teachers think critically about what they are doing, look at the best evidence available and on this basis, make decisions about their teaching practice, and subsequently, undertake the necessary revision and change. More medical schools have opened in Saudi Arabia in the last few years than have existed over the last three decades. Currently, the education of health professionals is based on assumption and traditions and rarely on research findings. Medical teaching has evolved from being opinion-based to evidence-based and the art of teaching is rapidly becoming the 'science' of teaching. The need for evidence in our teaching and medical education practices is as important as it is in assessing a new therapy. This approach to education is not only associated with better results in terms of better learning, from the side of the students (the consumers), but also has a wider impact on patient care and the community. Moreover, in this age of accountability, litigations and quality assurance, the need for BEME becomes greater. Some suggestions to implement BEME in Saudi Arabia have been put forward and these are the training of medical education professionals in the use the existing information systems, and disseminating information through the creation of a BEME journal (secondary publication) that publishes a critically appraised summary of medical education articles that are both valid and of immediate clinical use
SN  - 0256-4947
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1345
T1  - Readers respond to "resting metabolic rate: a critical, primary care screening test" 258
A1  - Benincaso,S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17415928 AS - MedGenMed. 8(3):49, 2006 JC - 100894134, dqc SB - IM CP - United States PT - Comment PT - Letter LG - English
KW  - English
KW  - Letter
KW  - Screening
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
JF  - Medgenmed [Computer File]: Medscape General Medicine.Vol.8(3), 2006.
J1  - Medgenmed [Computer File]: Medscape General Medicine
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1346
T1  - Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: latest developments and future perspectives 545
A1  - Bernier,J.
A1  - Bentzen,S.M.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16552235 IN - aDepartment of Radio-Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland bDepartment of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA AS - Curr Opin Oncol. 18(3):240-6, 2006 May JC - a1v, 9007265 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Fractionation
KW  - Head
KW  - Human
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - multimodalities
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 240
EP  - 246
JF  - Current Opinion in Oncology
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite recent advances in multimodality management the prognosis of patients with stage III-IV squamous cell head and neck cancer remains disappointing. The objective of this review is to identify how, within the main axes of the current translational and clinical research and in an attempt to improve treatment outcome, a number of institutions and cooperative groups have embarked on systematic investigations of novel strategies for radiotherapy delivery and for combining radiation with systemic treatments. RECENT FINDINGS: Four domains of translational and clinical researches can be identified in head and neck radio-oncology: altered fractionation, concurrent delivery of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, combination of targeted therapies with radiation, and high-conformality radiotherapy. SUMMARY: Here we provide a critical appraisal of recent strategies allowing an increase in dose intensity for treatments based on radiotherapy and drug-radiation interactions, and revisit the potential opportunities they offer as well as the possible caveats they may present in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers
SN  - 1040-8746
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1347
T1  - Regulation of Ca2+ and Na+ in normal and failing cardiac myocytes 331
A1  - Bers,D.M.
A1  - Despa,S.
A1  - Bossuyt,J.
Y1  - 2006/10//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17132783 IN - Department of Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153-5500, USA. dbers@lumc.edu AS - Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1080:165-77, 2006 Oct JC - 5nm, 7506858 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - HL 64724 (NHLBI) NO - HL 81526 (NHLBI) LG - English
KW  - Action Potential
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - content
KW  - Depression
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 165
EP  - 177
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
VL  - 1080
N2  - Ca(2+) in cardiac myocytes regulates contractility and relaxation, and Ca(2+) and Na (+)regulation are linked via Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange (NCX). Heart failure (HF) is accompanied by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias, both of which may be due to altered cellular Ca(2+) handling. Smaller Ca(2+) transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content cause systolic dysfunction in HF. The reduced SR Ca(2+) content is due to: (a) reduced SR Ca(2+)-ATPase function (which also contributes to diastolic dysfunction), (b) increased expression and function of NCX (which competes with SR Ca(2+)-ATPase during relaxation, but preserves diastolic function), and (c) enhanced diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak. Relative contributions of these may vary with HF etiology and stage. Triggered arrhythmias (e.g., delayed afterdepolarizations [DADs]) are prominent in HF. DADs are due to spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release and consequent activation of transient inward NCX current, which in HF allows DADs to more readily trigger arrhythmogenic action potentials. Thus NCX and Na(+) are critical in systolic and diastolic function and arrhythmias. [Na(+)](i) is elevated in HF, which may limit SR unloading and provide some Ca(2+) influx during the HF action potential, thus limiting the depression of systolic function. High [Na(+)](i) in HF is due to enhanced Na(+) influx. Cellular Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) function appears unaltered, despite reduced NKA expression. This dichotomy led us to test NKA regulation by phospholemman (PLM). We find that PLM regulates NKA in a manner analogous to phospholamban regulation of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase (i.e., inhibition that is relieved by PLM phosphorylation). We measured intermolecular FRET between PLM and NKA, which is reduced upon PLM phosphorylation. The lower expression level of more phosphorylated PLM in HF may explain the above dichotomy. Thus, altered Ca(2+) and Na(+) handling contributes to altered contractile function and arrhythmogenesis in HF
SN  - 0077-8923
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1348
T1  - Expression of CP4 EPSPS in microspores and tapetum cells of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is critical for male reproductive development in response to late-stage glyphosate applications 425
A1  - Chen,Y.C.
A1  - Hubmeier,C.
A1  - Tran,M.
A1  - Martens,A.
A1  - Cerny,R.E.
A1  - Sammons,R.D.
A1  - CaJacob,C.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17309724 IN - Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA AS - Plant biotechnol. j.. 4(5):477-87, 2006 Sep JC - 101201889 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Cell Type
KW  - Developmental Stage
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Gene
KW  - Herbicide
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Mother
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 477
EP  - 487
JF  - Plant Biotechnology Journal
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
N2  - Plants expressing Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) are known to be resistant to glyphosate, a potent herbicide that inhibits the activity of the endogenous plant EPSPS. The RR1445 transgenic cotton line (current commercial line for Roundup Ready Cotton) was generated using the figwort mosaic virus (FMV) 35S promoter to drive the expression of the CP4 EPSPS gene, and has excellent vegetative tolerance to glyphosate. However, with high glyphosate application rates at developmental stages later than the four-leaf stage (late-stage applications: applications that are inconsistent with the Roundup labels), RR1445 shows male sterility. Another transgenic cotton line, RR60, was generated using the FMV 35S promoter and the Arabidopsis elongation factor-1alpha promoter (AtEF1alpha) for the expression of CP4 EPSPS. RR60 has excellent vegetative and reproductive tolerance to applications of glyphosate at all developmental stages. Histochemical analyses were conducted to examine the male reproductive development at the cellular level of these cotton lines in response to glyphosate applications, and to investigate the correlation between glyphosate injury and the expression of CP4 EPSPS in male reproductive tissues. The expression of CP4 EPSPS in RR60 was found to be strong in all male reproductive cell types. Conversely, CP4 EPSPS expression in RR1445 was low in pollen mother cells, male gametophytes and tapetum, three crucial male reproductive cell types. Our results indicate that the FMV 35S promoter, although expressing strongly in most vegetative tissues in plants, has extremely low activity in these cell types
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1349
T1  - Efficient cooling in supersonic jet expansions of supercritical fluids: CO and CO2 458
A1  - Christen,W.
A1  - Rademann,K.
A1  - Even,U.
Y1  - 2006/11/07/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17100439 IN - Institut fur Chemie, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany. christen@wolfgang-christen.net AS - J Chem Phys. 125(17):174307, 2006 Nov 7 JC - hnz, 0375360 CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Carbon Dioxide
KW  - Cooling
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Germany
KW  - journal
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Temperature
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 174307
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
VL  - 125
IS  - 17
N2  - Pulsed, supersonic beams of pure carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at stagnation conditions above their critical point have been investigated by time-of-flight measurements as a function of pressure and temperature. Although both molecules form clusters readily in adiabatic expansions, surprisingly large speed ratios (above 100) indicative of very low translational temperatures (below 0.1 K) have been achieved. In particular, the supersonic expansion of CO(2) at stagnation temperatures slightly above the phase transition to the supercritical state results in unprecedented cold beams. This efficient cooling is attributed to the large values of the heat capacity ratio of supercritical fluids in close vicinity of their critical point
SN  - 0021-9606
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1350
T1  - [Surveillance of health care errors. An overview of the published data in Argentina]. [Spanish] 484
A1  - Codermatz,M.A.
A1  - Trillo,C.
A1  - Berenstein,G.
A1  - Ortiz,Z.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17137172 IN - Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiologicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Argentina OT - Evidencia para mitigar errores en la practica clinica y sanitaria. Una revision de la literatura cientifica argentina AS - Medicina (B Aires). 66(5):427-32, 2006 JC - mmm, 0204271 SB - IM CP - Argentina PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article LG - Spanish
KW  - academia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Malpractice
KW  - Medical Error
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - Medline
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - Public Health
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Synthesis
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 427
EP  - 432
JF  - Medicina
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
N2  - In the last decades, public health surveillance extended its scope of study to new fields, such as medical errors, in order to improve patient safety. This study was aimed to review all the evidence produced in Argentina about the surveillance of medical errors. An exhaustive literature search was performed. A total of 4656 abstracts were assessed (150 MEDLINE, 145 LILACS, and 4361 hand searched abstracts). Of them, 52 were analysed and 8 were considered relevant for health care error surveillance. Different approaches were used to study medical errors. Some of them have focused on patient safety and others on medical malpractice. There is still a need to improve the surveillance of this type of event. Mainly, the quality reports of study design and surveillance attributes were unclear. A critical appraisal and synthesis of all relevant studies on health care errors may help to understand not only the state of the art, but also to define research priorities
SN  - 0025-7680
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1351
T1  - Student's critical appraisal on the evaluation of analgesics in laboratory animal verses simulated clinical trail 379
A1  - Das,B.P.
A1  - Sethi,A.
A1  - Rauniar,G.P.
A1  - Sangarula,H.
Y1  - 2006/12//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17357639 IN - Department of Pharmacology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. bpdas2000@yahoo.com AS - Nepal Med Coll J. 8(4):234-7, 2006 Dec JC - 101129937 SB - IM CP - Nepal PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Performance
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Science
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 237
JF  - Nepal Medical College Journal: NMCJ
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
N2  - Effective feedback is an integral part of medical education in helping the medical students to reach their maximum potential. Without feedback mistakes may go uncorrected which results poor performances of learners as well as tutors. At present teaching learning methodology used in many medical colleges includes lectures, tutorials, practical and occasionally small groups teaching and case discussions. The curriculum of undergraduate medical and dental students of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal is need based, integrated, co mmunity oriented, partially problem based. The practical lessons are an important part of Pharmacology curricula of undergraduate courses. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the student opinion towards animal experimentation as well as simulated clinical trial (SCT) on analgesics in terms of understanding the objectives. To conduct the study a semistructure questionnaire were provided to 2nd years MBBS and BDS students to obtain their view. Of the 164 questionnaires 154 students submitted completed questionnaire. On analysis of the feedback, it was observed that 77.9% students liked animal experiments and most of them wee happy with simulated clinical trial. The majority of the students 74.1% favoured both exercises for improved understanding of the subject and 66.2% agreed the sequential sessions. So the study concludes with the view that sequential sessions of laboratory experiments as well as SCT are required for a rectified learning of Pharmacology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1352
T1  - IDET: a critical appraisal of the evidence 417
A1  - Freeman,B.J.
Y1  - 2006/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16868786 IN - Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. brian.freeman@nuh.nhs.uk AS - Eur Spine J. 15 Suppl 3:S448-57, 2006 Aug JC - 9301980, b9y SB - IM CP - Germany PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Endoscopy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Functional Status
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hospital
KW  - intradiscal electrothermal therapy
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 57
JF  - European Spine Journal.Vol.15(SUPPL.15)()(pp S448-S457), 2006.
J1  - European Spine Journal
VL  - 15
N2  - Smith and Nephew (Endoscopy division, Andover, MA, USA) have estimated that 60,000 Intra-Discal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET) procedures have been performed world wide up to June 2005. Despite the large number of procedures performed, a critical appraisal of the evidence of efficacy of IDET has not appeared in the literature. This paper reviews the current evidence of clinical efficacy for IDET obtained via a systematic review of the literature. Studies were included if they used at least one of four specified primary outcome measures; pain intensity as assessed by a visual analogue score (VAS), global measurement of overall improvement, back specific functional status such as Oswestry disability Index (ODI) and return to work. Levels of evidence were assigned according to the hierarchy described by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (www.cebm.net). Papers addressing possible mechanisms of action of IDET were not considered as the focus of the literature review was clinical effectiveness. Eleven prospective cohort studies (level II evidence) were reported on a total of 256 patients with a mean follow-up of 17.1 months (range 12-28 months). The mean improvement in the VAS for back pain was 3.4 points (range 1.4-6.5) and the mean improvement in ODI was 5.2 points (range 4.0-6.4). A total of 379 patients were reported in five retrospective studies (level III evidence). Between 13 and 23% of patients subsequently underwent surgery for low back pain within the study period. Two randomised controlled trials of IDET have been reported in the literature. The first randomised 64 patients (37 to IDET, 27 to Sham). The advantage for IDET patients amounted to 1.3 points on the VAS and seven points on the ODI. The second study randomised 57 subjects (38 to IDET, 19 to Sham) and showed no benefit from IDET over placebo. The evidence for efficacy of IDET remains weak and has not passed the standard of scientific proof
SN  - 0940-6719
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1353
T1  - Stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers based on lightly cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine)-silica nanocomposite microgels 523
A1  - Fujii,S.
A1  - Armes,S.P.
A1  - Binks,B.P.
A1  - Murakami,R.
Y1  - 2006/08/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16863226 IN - Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K AS - Langmuir. 22(16):6818-25, 2006 Aug 1 JC - 9882736 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Character
KW  - composition
KW  - content
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - Morphology
KW  - Performance
KW  - Recycling
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6818
EP  - 6825
JF  - Langmuir
VL  - 22
IS  - 16
N2  - Lightly cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine)-silica nanocomposite microgel particles have been recently reported to act as pH-responsive particulate emulsifiers [Fujii, S.; Read, E. S.; Armes, S. P.; Binks, B. P. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1014]. In this work, the synthesis and performance of such nanocomposite microgel particles are studied in more detail. Scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, nitrogen microanalyses, thermogravimetric analysis, aqueous electrophoresis, and acid-base titration were used to characterize the nanocomposites in terms of their particle size and morphology, polymer and silica contents, surface compositions, and critical swelling pH, respectively. Depending on the polarity of the oil phase and the purity of the nanocomposite particles, either oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions could be prepared at pH 8-9, but not at pH 2-3. These emulsions were characterized in terms of their emulsion type, mean droplet diameter, and morphology using electrical conductivity, light diffraction, and both electron and optical microscopy. In some cases, rapid demulsification could be induced by lowering the solution pH: addition of acid led to protonation of the 4-vinylpyridine residues, which imparted cationic microgel character to the nanocomposite particles. Cross-linking of the nanocomposite microgel particles is essential for their optimum performance as a pH-responsive emulsifier, but unfortunately it is not sufficient to allow recycling
SN  - 0743-7463
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1354
T1  - Structured abstracts: narrative review 526
A1  - Guimaraes,C.A.
Y1  - 2006/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16862349 IN - Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil AS - Acta cir. bras.. 21(4):263-8, 2006 Jul-Aug JC - 9103983 SB - IM CP - Brazil PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 263
EP  - 268
JF  - Acta Cirurgica Brasileira
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - PURPOSE: To summarize the main findings from research on structured abstracts. METHODS: A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the author was conducted. RESULTS: Authors and readers judged the structured abstracts to be more useful than traditional ones. In 1987 the Ad Hoc Working Group for Critical Appraisal of the Medical Literature proposed guidelines for informative seven-headings abstracts. In 1990 Haynes et al. reconsidered the structured abstract of clinical research and review articles and proposed revised guidelines. Nowadays, most abstracts are informative, and the most commonly used structure is IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results And Discussion) format. CONCLUSIONS: There are many variations in the structured-abstract formats prescribed by different journals. But even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. More research is needed on a number of questions related to the quality and utility of structured abstracts
SN  - 0102-8650
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1355
T1  - The GATE frame: critical appraisal with pictures.[reprint of ACP J Club. 2006 Mar-Apr;144(2):A8-11; PMID: 16539343] 568
A1  - Jackson,R.
A1  - Ameratunga,S.
A1  - Broad,J.
A1  - Connor,J.
A1  - Lethaby,A.
A1  - Robb,G.
A1  - Wells,S.
A1  - Glasziou,P.
A1  - Heneghan,C.
Y1  - 2006/07//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16862733 IN - University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AS - Evid Based Nurs. 9(3):68-71, 2006 Jul JC - 9815947 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 68
EP  - 71
JF  - Evidence-Based Nursing.2006 Jul; 9(3): 68-71.(7 ref)
J1  - Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SN  - 1367-6539
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1356
T1  - Group-format clinical supervision for hospice nurses 540
A1  - Jones,A.
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16643263 IN - School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, North Wales Section of Psychological Medicine, Wrecsam, UK. alun.charles.jones@manchester.ac.uk AS - Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 15(2):155-62, 2006 May JC - bzx, 9301979 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Clinical Supervision
KW  - competency
KW  - context
KW  - Death
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - School
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Study
KW  - supervision
KW  - thought
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Wales
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
EP  - 162
JF  - European Journal of Cancer Care
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper discusses the aspects of a small research study, which used mixed research methods. The study concerned group-format supervision as a means of helping five hospice nurses, four women and one man, discuss their work experiences. An aim of the study was to understand something of the professional work of hospice nurses and how they might best be supported. Ethical considerations and some benefits derived by group members from clinical supervision are summarized in the context. The research method entailed 12 sessions of group-format clinical supervision. The discussion explores the forming, management and dynamics of a small clinical supervision group. Hospice work is emotionally demanding of nurses. Nurses throughout this small study thought over issues concerning serious illness, death and bereavement, as well as working together as a supervision group. Group-format supervision is potentially helpful to nurses examining professional practice. However, group work can be as challenging to participants as it is helpful. The discussion concludes with an appraisal of the potential gains for nurses from clinical supervision in group-format. This paper proposes that supervision groups could help hospice nurses to identify and explore issues related to professional practice. Adequate preparation of nurses, organizational support and the competency of group facilitators should be considered critical to safe and effective management of professional groups
SN  - 0961-5423
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1357
T1  - Critical evaluation of scientific articles and other sources of information: an introduction to evidence-based veterinary medicine. [Review] [16 refs] 528
A1  - Kastelic,J.P.
Y1  - 2006/08//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16720037 IN - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1. kastelicj@agr.gc.ca AS - Theriogenology. 66(3):534-42, 2006 Aug JC - e68, 0421510 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - credibility
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 534
EP  - 542
JF  - Theriogenology
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
N2  - The purpose of this paper is to briefly review key concepts regarding critical reading of the scientific literature to make informed decisions, in the context of evidence-based veterinary medicine. Key concepts are reviewed, based on the broader experience in human medicine, with adaptations, as indicated, to veterinary medicine. That a paper has been published in a peer-reviewed journal does not guarantee its credibility; guidelines are given regarding the general merit of different kinds of articles, as well as checklists and criteria that can be used to assess a paper. Specific study designs, their merits and limitations, are briefly discussed. Standard numerical indices for assessment of studies involving treatments and for assessments of diagnostic tests are summarized. Criteria for assessing drug trials are presented. The principles of statistical analysis are described, including practical considerations and common errors. Finally, numerous sources of bias are reviewed. [References: 16]
SN  - 0093-691X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1358
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for neurosurgeons: introduction and methodology 499
A1  - Linskey,M.E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17033146 IN - Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine and UCI Medical Center, Orange, Calif., USA AS - Prog. neurol. surg.. 19:1-53, 2006 JC - 0076033 SB - IM CP - Switzerland PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Certification
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - competency
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Funding
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - healthcare
KW  - History
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Society
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Neurosurgery
KW  - Parameter
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reimbursement
KW  - Role
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Technique
KW  - tracking
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 53
JF  - Progress in Neurological Surgery
VL  - 19
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is a tool of considerable value for medicine and neurosurgery that provides a secure base for clinical practice and practice improvement, but is not without inherent drawbacks, weaknesses and limitations. EBM finds answers to only those questions open to its techniques, and the best available evidence can be a far cry from scientific truth. With the support and backing of governmental agencies, professional medical societies, the AAMC, the ACGME, and the ABMS, EBM is likely here to stay. The fact that: (1) EBM philosophy and critical appraisal techniques have become fully integrated into the training and culture of our younger colleagues, (2) that maintenance of certification will require individuals to demonstrate personal evidence based practice based on tracking and critical analysis of personal practice outcomes as part of the performance-based learning and improvement competency, and (3) that the progressively growing national healthcare expenditures will necessitate increasing basis of reimbursement and funding based on evidence-based effectiveness and guidelines, all point to the likelihood that complete immersion of neurosurgical practice in EBM is inevitable. This article thoroughly explores the history of EBM in medicine in general and in neurosurgery in particular. Emphasis is placed on identifying the legislative and regulatory motive forces at work behind its promulgation and the role that organized medicine has taken to facilitate and foster its acceptance and implementation. An accounting of resources open to neurosurgeons, and a detailed description EBM clinical decision-making methodology is presented. Special emphasis is placed on outlining the methodology as well as the limitations of meta-analyses, randomized clinic trials, and clinical practice parameter guidelines. Commonly perceived objections, as well as substantive problems and limitations of EBM assumptions, tools, and approaches both for individual clinical practice and health policy design and implementation are explored in detail
SN  - 0079-6492
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1359
T1  - Estimation of the day-specific probabilities of conception: current state of the knowledge and the relevance for epidemiological research 264
A1  - Lynch,C.D.
A1  - Jackson,L.W.
A1  - Buck Louis,G.M.
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17061968 IN - Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. lynchcd@mail.nih.gov AS - Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 20 Suppl 1:3-12, 2006 Nov JC - pa1, 8709766 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Body Temperature
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Conception
KW  - data
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Error
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Development
KW  - human services
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - participation
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Privacy
KW  - Probability
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - Proxy
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Time
KW  - timing
KW  - Ultrasound
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 12
JF  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
VL  - 20
N2  - Conception, as defined by the fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm, marks the beginning of human development. Currently, a biomarker of conception is not available; as conception occurs shortly after ovulation, the latter can be used as a proxy for the time of conception. In the absence of serial ultrasound examinations, ovulation cannot be readily visualised leaving researchers to rely on proxy measures of ovulation that are subject to error. The most commonly used proxy measures include: charting basal body temperature, monitoring cervical mucus, and measuring urinary metabolites of oestradiol and luteinising hormone. Establishing the timing of the ovulation and the fertile window has practical utility in that it will assist couples in appropriately timing intercourse to achieve or avoid pregnancy. Identifying the likely day of conception is clinically relevant because it has the potential to facilitate more accurate pregnancy dating, thereby reducing the iatrogenic risks associated with uncertain gestation. Using data from prospective studies of couples attempting to conceive, several researchers have developed models for estimating the day-specific probabilities of conception. Elucidating these will allow researchers to more accurately estimate the day of conception, thus spawning research initiatives that will expand our current limited knowledge about the effect of exposures at critical periconceptional windows. While basal body temperature charting and cervical mucus monitoring have been used with success in field-based studies for many years, recent advances in science and technology have made it possible for women to get instant feedback regarding their daily fertility status by monitoring urinary metabolites of reproductive hormones in the privacy of their own homes. Not only are innovations such as luteinising hormone test kits and digital fertility monitors likely to increase study compliance and participation rates, they provide valuable prospective data that can be used in epidemiological research. Although we have made great strides in estimating the timing and length of the fertile window, more work is needed to elucidate the day-specific probabilities of conception using proxy measures of ovulation that are inherently subject to error. Modelling approaches that incorporate the use of multiple markers of ovulation offer great promise to fill these important data gaps
SN  - 0269-5022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1360
T1  - Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 8. Synthesis and presentation of evidence 475
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Schunemann,H.J.
A1  - Fretheim,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17147809 IN - Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, P,O, Box 7004, St, Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway. oxman@online.no AS - Health Res Policy Syst. 4:20, 2006 JC - 101170481 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Advisory Committee
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Cost
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health research
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Organization
KW  - Policy
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Rapid Assessment
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - users
KW  - values
KW  - Work
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
JF  - Health Research Policy & Systems.Vol.4, 2006.Article Number: 20.
J1  - Health Research Policy & Systems
VL  - 4
N2  - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best available research evidence. This is the eighth of a series of 16 reviews that have been prepared as background for advice from the WHO Advisory Committee on Health Research to WHO on how to achieve this. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed the literature on the synthesis and presentation of research evidence, focusing on four key questions. METHODS: We searched PubMed and three databases of methodological studies for existing systematic reviews and relevant methodological research. We did not conduct systematic reviews ourselves. Our conclusions are based on the available evidence, consideration of what WHO and other organisations are doing and logical arguments. KEY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: We found two reviews of instruments for critically appraising systematic reviews, several studies of the importance of using extensive searches for reviews and determining when it is important to update reviews, and consensus statements about the reporting of reviews that informed our answers to the following questions.How should existing systematic reviews be critically appraised?* Because preparing systematic reviews can take over a year and require capacity and resources, existing reviews should be used when possible and updated, if needed.* Standard criteria, such as A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Reviews (AMSTAR), should be used to critically appraise existing systematic reviews, together with an assessment of the relevance of the review to the questions being asked.When and how should WHO undertake or commission new reviews?* Consideration should be given to undertaking or commissioning a new review whenever a relevant, up-to-date review of good quality is not available.* When time or resources are limited it may be necessary to undertake rapid assessments. The methods that are used to do these assessments should be reported, including important limitations and uncertainties and explicit consideration of the need and urgency of undertaking a full systematic review.* Because WHO has limited capacity for undertaking systematic reviews, reviews will often need to be commissioned when a new review is needed. Consideration should be given to establishing collaborating centres to undertake or support this work, similar to what some national organisations have done.How should the findings of systematic reviews be summarised and presented to committees responsible for making recommendations?* Concise summaries (evidence tables) of the best available evidence for each important outcome, including benefits, harms and costs, should be presented to the groups responsible for making recommendations. These should include an assessment of the quality of the evidence and a summary of the findings for each outcome.* The full systematic reviews, on which the summaries are based, should also be available to both those making recommendations and users of the recommendations.What additional information is needed to inform recommendations and how should this information be synthesised with information about effects and presented to committees?* Additional information that is needed to inform recommendations includes factors that might modify the expected effects, need (prevalence, baseline risk or status), values (the relative importance of key outcomes), costs and the availability of resources.* Any assumptions that are made about values or other factors that may vary from setting to setting should be made explicit.* For global guidelines that are intended to inform decisions in different settings, consideration should be given to using a template to assist the synthesis of information specific to a setting with the global evidence of the effects of the relevant interventions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1361
T1  - Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 9. Grading evidence and recommendations 478
A1  - Schunemann,H.J.
A1  - Fretheim,A.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17147810 IN - INFORMA/CLARITY Research Group, S,C, Epidemiologia, Istitituto Regina Elena, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy. hjs@buffalo.edu AS - Health Res Policy Syst. 4:21, 2006 JC - 101170481 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Advisory Committee
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Communication
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confusion
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health research
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Policy
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - users
KW  - World Health Organization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
JF  - Health Research Policy & Systems.Vol.4, 2006.Article Number: 20.
J1  - Health Research Policy & Systems
VL  - 4
N2  - ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best available research evidence. This is the ninth of a series of 16 reviews that have been prepared as background for advice from the WHO Advisory Committee on Health Research to WHO on how to achieve this. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed the literature on grading evidence and recommendations in guidelines. METHODS: We searched PubMed and three databases of methodological studies for existing systematic reviews and relevant methodological research. We did not conduct a full systematic review ourselves. Our conclusions are based on the available evidence, consideration of what WHO and other organisations are doing and logical arguments. KEY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: Should WHO grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations?* Users of recommendations need to know how much confidence they can place in the underlying evidence and the recommendations. The degree of confidence depends on a number of factors and requires complex judgments. These judgments should be made explicitly in WHO recommendations. A systematic and explicit approach to making judgments about the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations can help to prevent errors, facilitate critical appraisal of these judgments, and can help to improve communication of this information.What criteria should be used to grade evidence and recommendations?* Both the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations should be graded. The criteria used to grade the strength of recommendations should include the quality of the underlying evidence, but should not be limited to that.* The approach to grading should be one that has wide international support and is suitable for a wide range of different types of recommendations. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, which is currently suggested in the Guidelines for WHO Guidelines, is being used by an increasing number of other organizations internationally. It should be used more consistently by WHO. Further developments of this approach should ensure its wide applicability.Should WHO use the same grading system for all of its recommendations?* Although there are arguments for and against using the same grading system across a wide range of different types of recommendations, WHO should use a uniform grading system to prevent confusion for developers and users of recommendations
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1362
T1  - Schistosome vaccines: a critical appraisal 287
A1  - Wilson,R.A.
A1  - Coulson,P.S.
Y1  - 2006/09//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17308743 IN - Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK. raw@york.ac.uk AS - Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 101 Suppl 1:13-20, 2006 Sep JC - mry, 7502619 SB - IM CP - Brazil PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - (Wellcome Trust) LG - English
KW  - Adult
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Brazil
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Immunity
KW  - Immunogenicity
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - progress
KW  - Protection
KW  - Protein
KW  - Protein Expression
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Technology
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Suppl
EP  - 20
JF  - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
VL  - 101
N2  - An effective schistosome vaccine is a desirable control tool but progress towards that goal has been slow. Protective immunity has been difficult to demonstrate in humans, particularly children, so no routes to a vaccine have emerged from that source. The concept of concomitant immunity appeared to offer a paradigm for a vaccine operating against incoming larvae in the skin but did not yield the expected dividends. The mining of crude parasite extracts, the use of monoclonal antibodies and protein selection based on immunogenicity produced a panel of vaccine candidates, mostly of cytoplasmic origin. However, none of these performed well in independent rodent trials, but glutathione-S-transferase from Schistosoma haematobium is currently undergoing clinical trials as an anti-fecundity vaccine. The sequencing of the S. mansoni transcriptome and genome and the development of proteomic and microarray technologies has dramatically improved the possibilities for identifying novel vaccine candidates, particularly proteins secreted from or exposed at the surface of schistosomula and adult worms. These discoveries are leading to a new round of protein expression and protection experiments that will enable us to evaluate systematically all the major targets available for immune intervention. Only then will we know if schistosomes have an Achilles' heel
SN  - 0074-0276
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1363
T1  - Stress and coping of Hong Kong Chinese family members during a critical illness
A1  - Chui,W.Y.
A1  - Chan,S.W.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17239073 IN - Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China AS - J Clin Nurs. 16(2):372-81, 2007 Feb JC - bzz, 9207302 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Adaptation,Psychological
KW  - *Attitude to Health/eh [Ethnology]
KW  - *Critical Illness/px [Psychology]
KW  - *Family/eh [Ethnology]
KW  - *Stress,Psychological/eh [Ethnology]
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - children
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Coping
KW  - Critical Illness
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - events
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Members
KW  - Female
KW  - guidance
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Life Change Events
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse's Role/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing Assessment
KW  - Nursing Methodology Research
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional-Family Relations
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - relationships
KW  - Religion and Psychology
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scales
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - strategies
KW  - Stress
KW  - Stress,Psychological/di [Diagnosis]
KW  - Stress,Psychological/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 372
EP  - 381
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
N2  - AIM: The present study aimed to investigate the stress and coping strategies of Hong Kong Chinese families during a critical illness and to examine the relationships between stress and coping. BACKGROUND: Admissions to intensive care unit are usually an unanticipated event, which imposes stress on the family. Family's wellness is one of the significant factors affecting patient's well-beings. Much work has been conducted in Western societies. Stress and coping in Chinese families of critically ill patients have rarely been discussed. METHOD: Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted, using the Impact of Events Scale and the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales. A convenience sample of 133 participants was recruited from a regional hospital in Hong Kong. Many were patients' children with age between 30 and 49. A total of 39.1% (n = 52) of the participants were males and 60.9% (n = 81) were females. RESULTS: The participants experienced high level of stress (mean = 25.1, SD = 8.3). Higher level of stress were experienced by female (t = -4.6; d.f. = 1, 131; P = 0.00), those with lower educational attainment (F = 3.0; d.f. = 2, 130; P = 0.05) and those whose relatives were admitted to the intensive care unit unexpectedly (t = -2.2; d.f. = 1; P = 0.03). Patients' length of stay in the unit was significantly correlated with levels of stress (r = 0.5, P < 0.00). Level of stress had significant correlation with coping strategies utilization (r = 0.5, P < 0.00). Reframing strategies were frequently used whereas the passive appraisal strategies were least used. Family members used positive-coping strategies, which concurred with the Chinese stress-coping pattern 'fatalistic voluntarism'. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study contributes to the understanding of Hong Kong Chinese families' stress and coping during a critical illness. Comprehensive assessments of family members' psychosocial needs are important to plan appropriate interventions to alleviate their stress and strengthen their coping skills. The findings will serve as guidance for nurses in delivering culturally sensitive and competent interventions
SN  - 0962-1067
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1364
T1  - Safety, effectiveness and costs of different models of organising care for critically ill patients: literature review. [Review] [70 refs]
A1  - Coombs,M.
A1  - Lattimer,V.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 16542660 IN - Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, UK; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton S017 1BJ, UK. M.Coombs@soton.ac.uk AS - Int J Nurs Stud. 44(1):115-29, 2007 Jan JC - gs8, 0400675 SB - IM, N CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Critical Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Hospital Costs
KW  - *Models,Organizational
KW  - *Safety
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Article
KW  - Calculation
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - Delivery of Health Care/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health Planning
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Mortality
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - methods
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Administration Research
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care Team/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - patients
KW  - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - School
KW  - Systems Analysis
KW  - trends
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
KW  - Work
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 129
JF  - International Journal of Nursing Studies
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
N2  - New ways of working in critical care are emerging in response to increasing demands for care in the context of a limited critical care workforce. This review appraised the comparative safety, effectiveness and costs of new ways of working in critical care. All papers published in peer reviewed journals during 1990-2003 were utilised. A total of 933 potentially relevant papers were identified. Secondary sources including policy papers, and experts within the field were also used to inform this work. Initially 113 papers met the inclusion criteria. However, 58 of these described policy and secular trends in critical care and were therefore used only to provide background information. A total of 55 papers were then critically reviewed to provide academic focus on the subject area. Examples of comparative empirical research on new ways of working were limited, but the review revealed research activity in the areas of: impact of workload; nursing, medical and organisational factors affecting patient outcomes; and methods to support workforce calculations. The findings suggest that research into longer-term patient outcomes is needed together with a proactive and strategic interdisciplinary approach to practice, policy and research. [References: 70]
SN  - 0020-7489
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1365
T1  - A review of the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology. [Review] [28 refs]
A1  - Courtenay,M.
A1  - Carey,N.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17181673 IN - University of Reading, Reading, UK. m.courtenay@reading.ac.uk AS - J Clin Nurs. 16(1):122-8, 2007 Jan JC - bzz, 9207302 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Dermatology/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Services
KW  - *Skin Diseases/nu [Nursing]
KW  - Article
KW  - British Nursing Index
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Cost
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Services Accessibility
KW  - Humans
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Models,Organizational
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 122
EP  - 128
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify systematically, summarize and critically appraise the current evidence regarding the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology. BACKGROUND: A diverse range of nurse-led models of care exist in dermatology. Primary studies have been conducted evaluating these models, but review and synthesis of the findings from these studies have not been undertaken. METHOD: Systematic searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index (BNI) and the RCN Library Catalogue from 1990 until March 2005. The searches were supplemented by an extensive hand search of the literature through references identified from retrieved articles and by contact with experts in the field. RESULTS: Fourteen relevant publications were identified and included findings from both primary and secondary care. The evidence indicates that nurses are treating a number of dermatological conditions, primarily using treatment protocols, across a broad range of clinical settings. However, some nurses working in primary care, lack confidence to treat some of these conditions and the educational needs of these nurses are frequently unmet. A reduction in the severity of the condition and more effective use of topical therapies are benefits of nurse interventions on service delivery. Faster access to treatment, a reduction in referrals to the general practitioner or dermatologist and an increase in knowledge of their condition are benefits reported by patients. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the review are generally positive. However, there are methodological weaknesses and under researched issues, e.g. cost effectiveness of nurse-led care and the prescription of medicines by nurses for patients with dermatological conditions that point to the need for further rigorous evaluation. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurse-led care is an integral element of the dermatology service offered to patients. This review highlights the impact of this care and the issues that require consideration by those responsible for the development of nurse-led models of care in dermatology. [References: 28]
SN  - 0962-1067
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1366
T1  - A hierarchy of evidence for assessing qualitative health research. [Review] [20 refs]
A1  - Daly,J.
A1  - Willis,K.
A1  - Small,R.
A1  - Green,J.
A1  - Welch,N.
A1  - Kealy,M.
A1  - Hughes,E.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17161753 IN - Mother and Child Health Research, La Trobe University, Carlton, VIC, Australia AS - J Clin Epidemiol. 60(1):43-9, 2007 Jan JC - jce, 8801383 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Health Services Research/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Qualitative Research
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - diversity
KW  - Drawing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine/st [Standards]
KW  - Exercise
KW  - frameworks
KW  - health
KW  - health research
KW  - Health Services Research/st [Standards]
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Mother
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Quality Indicators,Health Care
KW  - quotations
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.59(11)()(pp 1134-1149), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to outline explicit criteria for assessing the contribution of qualitative empirical studies in health and medicine, leading to a hierarchy of evidence specific to qualitative methods. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This paper arose from a series of critical appraisal exercises based on recent qualitative research studies in the health literature. We focused on the central methodological procedures of qualitative method (defining a research framework, sampling and data collection, data analysis, and drawing research conclusions) to devise a hierarchy of qualitative research designs, reflecting the reliability of study conclusions for decisions made in health practice and policy. RESULTS: We describe four levels of a qualitative hierarchy of evidence-for-practice. The least likely studies to produce good evidence-for-practice are single case studies, followed by descriptive studies that may provide helpful lists of quotations but do not offer detailed analysis. More weight is given to conceptual studies that analyze all data according to conceptual themes but may be limited by a lack of diversity in the sample. Generalizable studies using conceptual frameworks to derive an appropriately diversified sample with analysis accounting for all data are considered to provide the best evidence-for-practice. Explicit criteria and illustrative examples are described for each level. CONCLUSION: A hierarchy of evidence-for-practice specific to qualitative methods provides a useful guide for the critical appraisal of papers using these methods and for defining the strength of evidence as a basis for decision making and policy generation. [References: 20]
SN  - 0895-4356
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1367
T1  - Strength in nursing leadership: the key to the evolution of intellectual capital in nursing
A1  - Davidson,D.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17198118 IN - danddavidson@comcast.net AS - Nurs Adm Q. 31(1):36-42, 2007 Jan-Mar JC - oae, 7703976 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Knowledge
KW  - *Leadership
KW  - *Nurse Administrators/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Nursing Staff/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Professional Competence/st [Standards]
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude of Health Personnel
KW  - Communication
KW  - Culture
KW  - Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - definition
KW  - Education,Nursing,Continuing/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Employee
KW  - English
KW  - Health Knowledge,Attitudes,Practice
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Inservice Training/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Intellectual Property
KW  - Interprofessional Relations
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Negativism
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Administrators/px [Psychology]
KW  - Nurse's Role
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff/ed [Education]
KW  - Nursing Staff/px [Psychology]
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Personnel Selection/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Philosophy,Nursing
KW  - Power (Psychology)
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Staff
KW  - Transfer (Psychology)
KW  - Trust
KW  - United States
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 36
EP  - 42
JF  - Nursing Administration Quarterly.2001 Summer; 25(4): 51-6.
J1  - Nursing Administration Quarterly
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
N2  - Intellectual capital, what does it mean? After reading several articles on the subject, I found the perfect definition by Leif Edvinsson, the chief architect behind a dynamic and holistic reporting model. According to the model, the hidden factors of human and structural capital, everything that gets left behind when the employee goes home added together comprises intellectual capital. "Human Capital is defined as the combined knowledge, skill, innovativeness, and ability of the company's individual employees to meet the task at hand. It also includes the company's values, culture, and philosophy. Human capital cannot be owned by the company" (Bontis N. Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital. Int J Manag Rev. 3(1):41-60). Today there seems to be an extraordinary value being placed on what people know, and yet knowing doesn't always translate into action. The action most often occurs when social connections are strong and numerous so that trust is built and information flows. This article will address how nursing leadership is critical to unleashing the human capital inside every staff nurse
SN  - 0363-9568
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1368
T1  - Vitamin and mineral supplements for cancer prevention: issues and evidence. [Review] [19 refs]
A1  - Fairfield,K.
A1  - Stampfer,M.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17209212 IN - Department of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA AS - Am J Clin Nutr. 85(1):289S-292S, 2007 Jan JC - 3ey, 0376027 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Review NO - R01 CA090598-04 (NCI) NO - R01 CA42182-18 (NCI) NO - R01 CA58684-12 (NCI) LG - English
KW  - *Food-Drug Interactions
KW  - *Minerals/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - *Neoplasms/pc [Prevention & Control]
KW  - *Vitamins/ad [Administration & Dosage]
KW  - 0 (Minerals)
KW  - 0 (Vitamins)
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Atherosclerosis
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Prevention
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Contrast
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - Dietary Supplements
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
KW  - Genotype
KW  - Humans
KW  - Imaging
KW  - interactions
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mineral
KW  - Neoplasms/et [Etiology]
KW  - Neoplasms/ge [Genetics]
KW  - Nutrient
KW  - Nutritional Status
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 289S
EP  - 292S
JF  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
VL  - 85
IS  - 1
N2  - Trials of nutritional supplements for cancer prevention must overcome a variety of challenges not shared in the usual paradigm of pharmaceutical agents for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Unlike for cardiovascular disease, for cancer we typically do not have well-established causal risk factors as targets for intervention. Also, for most likely cancer interventions, the expected time to achieve an effect is much longer, more variable, and far less well understood than for cardiovascular disease, and the progression of pathophysiology is much harder-or impossible-to follow, in contrast with imaging for progression of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease. Also, cancers at various sites have a wide range of etiologies. The optimal age for intervention, best dose, and duration needed to test nutritional agents for cancer prevention are largely unknown, making null findings hard to interpret. Unlike with drugs, baseline nutritional status can be critical. Moreover, because the nutritional agents are often readily available, adherence in control groups in trials can be impaired. Several gene-nutrient and nutrient-nutrient interactions have been identified that could affect trial results. Some studies suggest that particular nutrients may be effective only in subgroups defined by genotypes or by nutritional status of another nutrient. All these challenges must be considered in planning informative trials. Long-term prospective cohort studies, especially with repeated measures and high follow-up, can provide useful data for planning trials as well as the basis for rational recommendations while awaiting trial results or in settings where trials may be infeasible. [References: 19]
SN  - 0002-9165
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1369
T1  - Evidence-based Practice in Radiology: steps 3 and 4--appraise and apply interventional radiology literature
A1  - Maher,M.M.
A1  - Hodnett,P.A.
A1  - Kalra,M.K.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17325061 IN - Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. m.maher@ucc.ie AS - Radiology. 242(3):658-70, 2007 Mar JC - qsh, 0401260 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Trials/td [Trends]
KW  - *Decision Making,Organizational
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/td [Trends]
KW  - *Physician's Practice Patterns/td [Trends]
KW  - *Practice Guidelines
KW  - *Publications
KW  - *Radiology,Interventional/td [Trends]
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Device
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - expertise
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Model
KW  - Note
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Patient
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 658
EP  - 670
JF  - Radiology
VL  - 242
IS  - 3
N2  - When introducing new interventional radiology techniques or devices, it is important to learn from previous experiences and to remember that there are numerous examples of new techniques that were initially enthusiastically promoted and then subsequently abandoned when early promise was not realized. Appropriateness of new or established interventional radiology techniques to specific clinical conditions must be determined from clinical experience, from communication with experts in the field and/or careful review of available medical literature, and on an individual patient basis by means of review of clinical notes and diagnostic imaging studies. Several paradigms for evidence-based practice (EBP) exist. One model proposes that a central specialized process involving academic centers should primarily construct valid guidelines to direct practice at all levels of medical practice ("top-down" model). An alternative model integrates "the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values" ("bottom-up" model). This article will focus on the bottom-up model and describe the use of EBP by individual practitioners or groups of practitioners in optimizing literature review and critical appraisal. EBP is applied to two scenarios as a means of deciding the appropriateness of introducing interventional radiology techniques in a community hospital setting. The authors will also briefly discuss other applications for EBP techniques in interventional radiology, including development of practice guidelines or policy to ensure appropriate and safe practices. (c) RSNA, 2007
SN  - 0033-8419
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1370
T1  - Surgical journal clubs: A bridge connecting experiential learning theory to clinical practice. [Review] [31 refs]
A1  - Phitayakorn,R.
A1  - Gelula,M.H.
A1  - Malangoni,M.A.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17189124 IN - Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA AS - J Am Coll Surg. 204(1):158-63, 2007 Jan JC - bzb, 9431305 SB - AIM, IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Review LG - English
KW  - *Clinical Competence
KW  - *Education,Medical/st [Standards]
KW  - *Models,Educational
KW  - *Periodicals
KW  - *Societies,Medical
KW  - *Surgery/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - English
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Humans
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Surgery
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 158
EP  - 163
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
VL  - 204
IS  - 1
SN  - 1072-7515
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1371
T1  - Changes in information behavior in clinical teams after introduction of a clinical librarian service
A1  - Urquhart,C.
A1  - Turner,J.
A1  - Durbin,J.
A1  - Ryan,J.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17252062 IN - cju@aber.ac.uk AS - J Med Libr Assoc. 95(1):14-22, 2007 Jan JC - 101132728 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - *Inservice Training/mt [Methods]
KW  - *Interdisciplinary Communication
KW  - *Librarians
KW  - *Libraries,Medical/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Library Services/og [Organization & Administration]
KW  - *Medical Staff,Hospital/ed [Education]
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Male
KW  - methods
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - professionals
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Responses
KW  - Skill
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Teams
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVES: The eighteen-month evaluation of a clinical librarian project (October 2003-March 2005) conducted in North Wales, United Kingdom (UK) assessed the benefits of clinical librarian support to clinical teams, the impact of mediated searching services, and the effectiveness of information skills training, including journal club support. METHODS: The evaluation assessed changes in teams' information-seeking behavior and their willingness to delegate searching to a clinical librarian. Baseline (n = 69 responses, 73% response rate) and final questionnaire (n = 57, 77% response rate) surveys were complemented by telephone and face-to-face interviews (n = 33) among 3 sites served. Those attending information skills training sessions (n = 130) completed evaluations at the session and were surveyed 1 month after training (n = 24 questionnaire responses, n = 12 interviews). RESULTS: Health professionals in clinical teams reported that they were more willing to undertake their own searching, but also more willing to delegate some literature searching, than at the start of the project. The extent of change depended on the team and the type of information required. Information skills training was particularly effective when organized around journal clubs. CONCLUSIONS: Collaboration with a clinical librarian increased clinician willingness to seek information. Clinical librarian services should leverage structured training opportunities such as journal clubs
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1372
T1  - Critically appraised topics: the evidence-based neurologist
A1  - Wingerchuk,D.M.
A1  - Demaerschalk,B.M.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) UI - 17215721 AS - Neurolog. 13(1):1, 2007 Jan JC - 9503763 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Editorial LG - English
KW  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - *Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - *Neurology
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Humans
KW  - Physicians
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
JF  - Neurologist.Vol.13(1)()(pp 37-41), 2007.
J1  - Neurologist
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SN  - 1074-7931
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1373
T1  - Sports medicine journal club 271
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17414491 AS - Clin J Sport Med. 17(2):170-4, 2007 Mar JC - b9t, 9103300 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Sport
KW  - Sports Medicine
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 170
EP  - 174
JF  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.2002 Mar; 12(2): 132-3.(1 ref)
J1  - Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SN  - 1050-642X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1374
T1  - Journal club 322
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17387310 AS - Kidney Int. 71(7):606-7, 2007 Apr JC - kvb, 0323470 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 606
EP  - 607
JF  - Kidney International.Vol.68(SUPPL.98)()(pp S-60-S-65), 2005.
J1  - Kidney International
VL  - 71
IS  - 7
SN  - 0085-2538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1375
T1  - Journal club 372
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17364680 AS - COPD. 4(1):85-7, 2007 Mar JC - 101211769 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 85
EP  - 87
JF  - Copd: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
SN  - 1541-2555
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1376
T1  - Journal club 401
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17344897 AS - Kidney Int. 71(6):484-5, 2007 Mar JC - kvb, 0323470 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 484
EP  - 485
JF  - Kidney International.Vol.68(SUPPL.98)()(pp S-60-S-65), 2005.
J1  - Kidney International
VL  - 71
IS  - 6
SN  - 0085-2538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1377
T1  - Journal club 422
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17315007 AS - Kidney Int. 71(5):382-3, 2007 Mar JC - kvb, 0323470 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 382
EP  - 383
JF  - Kidney International.Vol.68(SUPPL.98)()(pp S-60-S-65), 2005.
J1  - Kidney International
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
SN  - 0085-2538
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1378
T1  - Pilot study of the knowledge and attitude towards evidence based medicine of otolaryngology higher surgical trainees 288
A1  - Amin,M.
A1  - Saunders,J.A.
A1  - Fenton,J.E.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17403235 IN - Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland AS - Clin Otolaryngol. 32(2):133-5, 2007 Apr JC - 101247023 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Head
KW  - Insight
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - self
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 133
EP  - 135
JF  - Clinical Otolaryngology
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - Keypoints * The objective of this survey is to provide an insight into the knowledge and attitude of the higher surgical trainees in Otolaryngology towards evidence based medicine and evaluate their understanding of medical statistics and use of evidence based medicine in patient management. * A self administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed to twenty Specialist Registrars in Otolaryngology in Ireland during an annual National Otolaryngology Meeting. Of these, nineteen attempted the questionnaire and eighteen completed it. * Three previously published questionnaires [Meserve et al. (2005) Med. Educ. Online.10, 1; McColl et al. (1998) BMJ.316, 361; Khan et al. (1999) J. Obst. Gynaecol.19, 231] were used in this survey. * In general, there was a moderately welcoming attitude towards evidence based medicine. However, the survey findings indicate the need for incorporation of formal teaching of critical appraisal skills into medical education with a greater emphasis on involvement and dissemination of evidence based medicine in day to day practice
SN  - 1749-4478
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1379
T1  - Nuclear import and export signals are essential for proper cellular trafficking and function of ZIC3 390
A1  - Bedard,J.E.
A1  - Purnell,J.D.
A1  - Ware,S.M.
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17185387 IN - Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA AS - Hum Mol Genet. 16(2):187-98, 2007 Jan 15 JC - brc, 9208958 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - HL6735 (NHLBI) LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - Congenital Heart Disease
KW  - control
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Protein
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Site Directed Mutagenesis
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Zinc
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 187
EP  - 198
JF  - Human Molecular Genetics
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
N2  - Missense, frameshift and nonsense mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor ZIC3 cause heterotaxy as well as isolated congenital heart disease. Previously, we developed transactivation and subcellular localization assays to test the function of ZIC3 point mutations. Aberrant cytoplasmic localization suggested that the pathogenesis of ZIC3 mutations results, at least in part, from failure of appropriate cellular trafficking. To further investigate this hypothesis, the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling properties of ZIC3 have been examined. Subcellular localization assays designed to span the entire open-reading frame of wild-type and mutant ZIC3 proteins identified the presence of nucleocytoplasmic transport signals. ZIC3 domain mapping indicates that a relatively large region containing the zinc finger binding sites and a known GLI interacting domain is required for transport to the nucleus. Site-directed mutagenesis of critical residues within two putative nuclear localization signals (NLSs) leads to loss of nuclear localization. No further decrease was observed when both NLS sites were mutated, suggesting that mutation of either NLS site is sufficient for loss of importin-mediated nuclear localization. Additionally, we identify a cryptic CRM-1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) within ZIC3, and identify a mutation within this region in a patient with heterotaxy. These results provide the first evidence that control of cellular trafficking of ZIC3 is critical for function and suggest a possible mechanism for transcriptional control during left-right patterning. Identification of mutations in mapped NLS or NES domains in heterotaxy patients demonstrates the functional importance of these domains in cardiac morphogenesis and allows for integration of structural analysis with developmental function
SN  - 0964-6906
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1380
T1  - Hepatic metabolism, phase I and II biotransformation enzymes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar, L) during a 12 week feeding period with graded levels of the synthetic antioxidant, ethoxyquin 323
A1  - Berdikova,Bohne,V
A1  - Hamre,K.
A1  - Arukwe,A.
Y1  - 2007/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17150295 IN - National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Safe Seafood, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway AS - Food Chem Toxicol. 45(5):733-46, 2007 May JC - f3u, 8207483 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Antioxidant
KW  - Article
KW  - Biotransformation
KW  - consequence
KW  - Consumer
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Excretion
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Feeding
KW  - Fish
KW  - Gene
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Meat
KW  - Norway
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Parent
KW  - Protein
KW  - Protein Expression
KW  - Research
KW  - Retention
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 733
EP  - 746
JF  - Food & Chemical Toxicology
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
N2  - The synthetic antioxidant ethoxyquin (EQ) is a widely used additive in animal feeds, including farmed fish feed. The use of EQ as food additive is prohibited and it is also undesirable in farmed meat and fish products. The possible negative aspects of EQ in fish feeds, such as modulation of hepatic detoxifying enzymes and possible effects through "carry-over" to edible parts of fish are not known. In addition, the subsequent consequences for human consumers have not been previously studied. In the present work, the alteration in gene and protein expression patterns, and catalytic activities of phase I and II hepatic biotransformation enzymes due to prolonged exposure to graded levels of dietary EQ in the range of 11-1800mgEQ/kg feed were studied. The kinetics of parent EQ and its major metabolite, ethoxyquin dimer (EQDM) was also studied. In general two weeks seem to be the critical point in the entire toxicological response of salmon to dietary consumed EQ. Biotransformation of EQ to EQDM is shown to be a rapid process. However, the decrease in biotransformation rate results in the accumulation of EQ metabolites, high concentration of which was postulated to alter translation and post-translational modification of CYP3A, GST and UDPGT at feeding day 14 and 42, with subsequent decreases in the biotransformation of consumed EQ. Decrease in the biotransformation of consumed EQ produced the retention of un-metabolized EQ rather than metabolites in salmon liver. This may be considered as undesirable effect, since it could lead to the transport and accumulation in other organs and edible tissues. It may also cause a new wave of biotransformation with formation of metabolites inhibiting detoxifying enzymes. In general, these processes may prolong the excretion of dietary EQ from the fish body and produce EQ-derived residues in the ready-to-consume salmon or fish products. These EQ residues may have higher toxicological effects for human consumers than the parent compound and therefore need to be studied in more detail
SN  - 0278-6915
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1381
T1  - Potential risks and benefits of radiation therapy as adjuvant treatment in patients with low-risk carcinoma of the mammary gland: taking cutaneous postradiation angiosarcoma as an opportunity for a critical appraisal of postoperative radiotherapy 319
A1  - Bernier,J.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17351257 IN - Department of Radio-Oncology, Clinique de Genolier, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, CH-1272 Genolier, Switzerland AS - Ann Oncol. 18(4):619-21, 2007 Apr JC - ayf, 9007735 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Risk
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 619
EP  - 621
JF  - Annals of Oncology.Vol.13(9)()(pp 1507-1509), 2002.
J1  - Annals of Oncology
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SN  - 0923-7534
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1382
T1  - A review of the role of adult attachment style in psychosis: Unexplored issues and questions for further research 340
A1  - Berry,K.
A1  - Barrowclough,C.
A1  - Wearden,A.
Y1  - 2007/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17258365 IN - School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Rutherford House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SZ, UK AS - Clin Psychol Rev. 27(4):458-75, 2007 May JC - cnx, 8111117 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Adult
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Cognition
KW  - control
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - Individual Differences
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - psychological science
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - self
KW  - Social Cognition
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 458
EP  - 475
JF  - Clinical Psychology Review
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
N2  - Attachment styles reflect individual differences in beliefs about self and others, interpersonal functioning and affect regulation. We review and critically appraise studies suggesting higher levels of insecure attachment, and dismissing attachment in particular, in samples with psychosis compared to controls. We also review the role of social cognition, interpersonal factors, and affect regulation in the development and maintenance of psychosis, and specific symptoms associated with the diagnosis. We review studies showing that insecure attachment is associated with poorer interpersonal relationships and less integrative recovery styles and highlight how recent theories and empirical findings in the psychosis literature can be understood within the framework of attachment theory. In doing so, we argue that investigations of the nature of attachment styles in psychosis and how they relate to the cognitive, interpersonal and affective factors that have been implicated in psychosis will help develop theoretical knowledge in relation to the condition. We conclude by outlining the clinical implications of applying attachment theory to the understanding of psychosis and summarising the conceptual and methodological limitations of the theory which should be addressed, including the need for studies with longitudinal designs, larger, more representative samples, and more valid measures of assessing attachment styles in psychosis
SN  - 0272-7358
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1383
T1  - Molecular recognition of oxoanions based on guanidinium receptors 410
A1  - Blondeau,P.
A1  - Segura,M.
A1  - Perez-Fernandez,R.
A1  - de,Mendoza J.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17264923 IN - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), 43007 Tarragona, Spain AS - Chem Soc Rev. 36(2):198-210, 2007 Feb JC - 0335405 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Arginine
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Carbohydrate
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Protein
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Spain
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 198
EP  - 210
JF  - Chemical Society Reviews
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
N2  - Guanidinium is a versatile functional group with unique properties. In biological systems, hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions involving the arginine side chains of proteins are critical to stabilise complexes between proteins and nucleic acids, carbohydrates or other proteins. Leading examples of artificial receptors for carboxylates, phosphates and other oxoanions, such as sulfate or nitrate are highlighted in this tutorial review, addressed to readers interested in biology, chemistry and supramolecular chemistry
SN  - 0306-0012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1384
T1  - A critical appraisal of epidemiological studies comes from basic knowledge: a reader's guide to assess potential for biases 290
A1  - Boccia,S.
A1  - La,Torre G.
A1  - Persiani,R.
A1  - D'Ugo,D.
A1  - van Duijn,C.M.
A1  - Ricciardi,G.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17359550 IN - Institute of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. sboccia@rm.unicatt.it AS - World J Emerg Surg. 2:7, 2007 JC - 101266603 CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confounding
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Measurement Error
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - scepticism
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Stratification
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
JF  - World Journal Of Emergency Surgery
VL  - 2
N2  - ABSTRACT: Scientific literature may be biased because of the internal validity of studies being compromised by different forms of measurement error, and/or because of the selective reporting of positive and 'statistically significant' results. While the first source of bias might be prevented, and in some cases corrected to a degree, the second represents a pervasive problem afflicting the medical literature; a situation that can only be 'corrected' by a change in the mindset of authors, reviewers, and editors. This review focuses on the concepts of confounding, selection bias and information bias, utilising explanatory examples and simple rules to recognise and, when possible, to correct for them. Confounding is a mixing of effects resulting from an imbalance of some of the causes of disease across the compared groups. It can be prevented by randomization and restriction, and controlled by stratification, standardization or by using multivariable techniques. Selection bias stems from an absence of comparability among the groups being studied, while information bias arises from distorted information collection techniques. Publication bias of medical research results can invalidate evidence-based medicine, when a researcher attempting to collect all the published studies on a specific topic actually gathers only a proportion of them, usually the ones reporting 'positive' results. The selective publication of 'statistically significant' results represents a problem that researchers and readers have to be aware of in order to face the entire body of published medical evidence with a degree of scepticism
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1385
T1  - Hardware acceleration of processing of mass spectrometric data for proteomics 276
A1  - Bogdan,I.
A1  - Coca,D.
A1  - Rivers,J.
A1  - Beynon,R.J.
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17277335 IN - Department of Automatic Control & Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK AS - Bioinformatics. 23(6):724-31, 2007 Mar 15 JC - cw9, 9808944 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Article
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - data processing
KW  - Engineering
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Software
KW  - strategies
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 724
EP  - 731
JF  - Bioinformatics
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
N2  - MOTIVATION: High-resolution mass spectrometers generate large data files that are complex, noisy and require extensive processing to extract the optimal data from raw spectra. This processing is readily achieved in software and is often embedded in manufacturers' instrument control and data processing environments. However, the speed of this data processing is such that it is usually performed off-line, post data acquisition. We have been exploring strategies that would allow real-time advanced processing of mass spectrometric data, making use of the reconfigurable computing paradigm, which exploits the flexibility and versatility of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This approach has emerged as a powerful solution for speeding up time-critical algorithms. We describe here a reconfigurable computing solution for processing raw mass spectrometric data generated by MALDI-ToF instruments. The hardware-implemented algorithms for de-noising, baseline correction, peak identification and deisotoping, running on a Xilinx Virtex 2 FPGA at 180 MHz, generate a mass fingerprint over 100 times faster than an equivalent algorithm written in C, running on a Dual 3 GHz Xeon workstation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1386
T1  - The relationship of previous training and experience of journal peer reviewers to subsequent review quality 254
A1  - Callaham,M.L.
A1  - Tercier,J.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17411314 AS - PLoS Med. 4(1):e40, 2007 Jan JC - 101231360 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - manuscripts
KW  - methods
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Performance
KW  - power
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - e40
JF  - PLoS Medicine / Public Library of Science
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Peer review is considered crucial to the selection and publication of quality science, but very little is known about the previous experiences and training that might identify high-quality peer reviewers. The reviewer selection processes of most journals, and thus the qualifications of their reviewers, are ill defined. More objective selection of peer reviewers might improve the journal peer review process and thus the quality of published science. METHODS AND FINDINGS: 306 experienced reviewers (71% of all those associated with a specialty journal) completed a survey of past training and experiences postulated to improve peer review skills. Reviewers performed 2,856 reviews of 1,484 separate manuscripts during a four-year study period, all prospectively rated on a standardized quality scale by editors. Multivariable analysis revealed that most variables, including academic rank, formal training in critical appraisal or statistics, or status as principal investigator of a grant, failed to predict performance of higher-quality reviews. The only significant predictors of quality were working in a university-operated hospital versus other teaching environment and relative youth (under ten years of experience after finishing training). Being on an editorial board and doing formal grant (study section) review were each predictors for only one of our two comparisons. However, the predictive power of all variables was weak. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that there are no easily identifiable types of formal training or experience that predict reviewer performance. Skill in scientific peer review may be as ill defined and hard to impart as is "common sense." Without a better understanding of those skills, it seems unlikely journals and editors will be successful in systematically improving their selection of reviewers. This inability to predict performance makes it imperative that all but the smallest journals implement routine review ratings systems to routinely monitor the quality of their reviews (and thus the quality of the science they publish)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1387
T1  - Full-length cDNA cloning and protein three-dimensional structure modeling of porcine prothrombin 382
A1  - Chen,Y.
A1  - Tan,W.
A1  - Lu,X.
A1  - Lu,Y.
A1  - Qin,S.
A1  - Li,S.
A1  - Zeng,Y.
A1  - Bu,H.
A1  - Li,Y.
A1  - Cheng,J.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17188533 IN - Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China AS - Blood Cells Mol Dis. 38(2):93-9, 2007 Mar-Apr JC - b5a, 9509932 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - China
KW  - Coding
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Hemostasis
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Library
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - play
KW  - Protein
KW  - Race
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Screening
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Velocity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 99
JF  - Blood Cells Molecules & Diseases
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
N2  - Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent serine protease and plays pivotal roles in both procoagulant and anticoagulant pathway of hemostasis. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of porcine prothrombin by cDNA library screening and SMART RACE technique. The full-length cDNA is 2027 bp, with a 1869 bp Open Reading Frame (ORF) coding 623 amino acids. The deduced protein of porcine prothrombin contains signal peptide, propeptide, Gla domain, two kringle domains and trypsin domain. Porcine prothrombin shares 86.15% nucleotide similarity and 83% amino acid similarity with human prothrombin. The trypsin domain is highly conserved between the two species with 92.1% amino acid identity. Macromolecular interaction sites comparison between porcine and human prothrombin suggests that the Gla domain in porcine prothrombin contains an additional potential gamma-carboxyglutamic acid site. However, a thrombin cleavage site (Arg284-Thr285) in its light chain is lost. When thrombin heavy chain is concerned, the most important functional sites such as catalytic triad DHS, RGD site, Na+ binding site and anion-binding exosite-I and II are highly conserved. However, great differences have been observed between residues 145 and 158 of heavy chain which is associated with thrombomodulin binding. Two important limited proteolysis sites at Ala150 and Lys154 were lost in porcine sequence, which would affect epsilon-thrombin and gammaT-thrombin generation. Comparison on 3-D protein models demonstrates that these proteins are obviously different in autolysis loop (Lys145 to Gly155). Compared with that of human prothrombin, variation at critical recognition sites would likely alter its binding affinity and reaction velocity, which would contribute to coagulation disorder when porcine liver is transplanted into human body
SN  - 1079-9796
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1388
T1  - Evidence-based laboratory medicine - a guide for critical evaluation of in vitro laboratory testing 373
A1  - Christenson,R.H.
A1  - Committee on Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine of the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Medicine
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17362577 IN - Laboratories of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21085, USA AS - Ann Clin Biochem. 44(Pt 2):111-30, 2007 Mar JC - 52y, 0324055 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Bayes Theorem
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Checklists
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - formulation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Management
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Probability
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - testing
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Visual Aid
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2
EP  - 30
JF  - Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
VL  - 44
IS  - Pt:2
N2  - Evidence-based laboratory medicine (EBLM) is an essential part of modern laboratory medicine practice. This review presents a guide for better understanding and implementing the EBLM process. The process of EBLM begins with development of a clinically relevant question. Tools for assisting in question formulation include the Patient Intervention Comparator and Outcome (PICO) or Case Assay Predicate and Outcome (CAPO) strategies. Locating evidence that addresses the question is performed using resources available on the internet. Systematic reviews that have objectively collated evidence addressing the question can be particularly useful. The evidence collected must be critically appraised using checklists developed for this purpose. Diagnostic performance of tests is frequently stated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and the diagnostic odds ratio. Evaluating 95% confidence limits is important for interpretation. Likelihood ratios for tests in disease states are also important for converting pre-test probabilities to post-test probabilities using Bayes Theorem. Tools such as Receiver Operator Characteristic curves and Fagan's diagram are important analytical and visual aids. Laboratorians must give thoughtful consideration into conveying information to clinicians in a useful format. Evidence-based guidelines and collaboration with clinicians are important for development of local care paths. Auditing the effectiveness of implemented care paths is an important part of quality management. In conclusion, effective use of EBLM can benefit patients by helping laboratorians provide the best-available information in the clinically relevant time frame. Presenting the information appropriately maximizes clinical application of the best evidence
SN  - 0004-5632
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1389
T1  - A critical appraisal of logistic regression-based nomograms, artificial neural networks, classification and regression-tree models, look-up tables and risk-group stratification models for prostate cancer 341
A1  - Chun,F.K.
A1  - Karakiewicz,P.I.
A1  - Briganti,A.
A1  - Walz,J.
A1  - Kattan,M.W.
A1  - Huland,H.
A1  - Graefen,M.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17378842 IN - Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada AS - BJU Int. 99(4):794-800, 2007 Apr JC - dcu, 100886721 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - alternatives
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Classification
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Performance
KW  - Prostate Cancer
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Regression
KW  - Stratification
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 794
EP  - 800
JF  - BJU International.Vol.97(5)()(pp 1069-1073), 2006.
J1  - BJU International
VL  - 99
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE To evaluate several methods of predicting prostate cancer-related outcomes, i.e. nomograms, look-up tables, artificial neural networks (ANN), classification and regression tree (CART) analyses and risk-group stratification (RGS) models, all of which represent valid alternatives. METHODS We present four direct comparisons, where a nomogram was compared to either an ANN, a look-up table, a CART model or a RGS model. In all comparisons we assessed the predictive accuracy and performance characteristics of both models. RESULTS Nomograms have several advantages over ANN, look-up tables, CART and RGS models, the most fundamental being a higher predictive accuracy and better performance characteristics. CONCLUSION These results suggest that nomograms are more accurate and have better performance characteristics than their alternatives. However, ANN, look-up tables, CART analyses and RGS models all rely on methodologically sound and valid alternatives, which should not be abandoned
SN  - 1464-4096
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1390
T1  - Critical appraisal of respirometric methods for metal inhibition on activated sludge 445
A1  - Cokgor,E.U.
A1  - Ozdemir,S.
A1  - Karahan,O.
A1  - Insel,G.
A1  - Orhon,D.
Y1  - 2007/01/10/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16870334 IN - Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey. ubay@itu.edu.tr AS - J Hazard Mater. 139(2):332-9, 2007 Jan 10 JC - dde, 9422688 SB - IM CP - Netherlands PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Measurement
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Paper
KW  - Reaction Time
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Time
KW  - Turkey
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 332
EP  - 339
JF  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
VL  - 139
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper evaluates the merit of oxygen uptake rate measurements for the assessment of metal inhibition on activated sludge. For this purpose, experiments are conducted to calculate EC50 levels of nickel and hexavalent chromium using the ISO 8192 procedure, yielding results that are highly variable and difficult to correlate, depending on the type of substrate and the initial food to microorganism ratio. Similar experiments based on continuous respirometric measurements to give the entire oxygen uptake rate profile provide a much better insight on the impact of inhibition on different biochemical processes taking place in the reactor. The results indicate that percent reduction of the amount of dissolved oxygen utilized after an appropriate reaction time is a much better index for the assessment of the inhibitory effects
SN  - 0304-3894
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1391
T1  - An agency capacity model to facilitate implementation of evidence-based behavioral interventions by community-based organizations 400
A1  - Collins,C.
A1  - Phields,M.E.
A1  - Duncan,T.
A1  - Science Application Team
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17159463 IN - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cwc4@cdc.gov AS - J Public Health Manag Pract. Suppl:S16-23, 2007 Jan JC - c0l, 9505213 SB - T CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - control
KW  - Disease Control
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - HIV
KW  - HIV prevention
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Model
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Telephone
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S16
EP  - S23
JF  - Journal of Public Health Management & Practice.Vol.13(SUPPL.)()(pp S16-S23), 2007.
J1  - Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
VL  - Suppl
N2  - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions Project to disseminate evidence-based behavioral interventions to community-based HIV prevention providers. Through development of intervention-specific technical assistance guides and provision of face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail technical assistance, a range of capacity-building issues were identified. These issues were linked to a proposed agency capacity model for implementing an evidence-based intervention. The model has six domains: organizational environment, governance, and programmatic infrastructure; workforce and professional development; resources and support; motivational forces and readiness; learning from experience; and adjusting to the external environment. We think this model could be used to implement evidence-based interventions by facilitating the selection of best-prepared agencies and by identifying critical areas of capacity building. The model will help us establish a framework for informing future program announcements and predecisional site visit assessments, and in developing an instrument for assessing agency capacity to implement evidence-based interventions
SN  - 1078-4659
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1392
T1  - Toward a Comprehensive Atlas of the Physical Interactome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 378
A1  - Collins,S.R.
A1  - Kemmeren,P.
A1  - Zhao,X.C.
A1  - Greenblatt,J.F.
A1  - Spencer,F.
A1  - Holstege,F.C.
A1  - Weissman,J.S.
A1  - Krogan,N.J.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17200106 IN - Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and bThe California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 AS - Mol Cell Proteomics. 6(3):439-50, 2007 Mar JC - 101125647 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - California
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Confidence
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Protein
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 439
EP  - 450
JF  - Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
N2  - Defining protein complexes is critical to virtually all aspects of cell biology. Two recent affinity purification/mass spectrometry studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have vastly increased the available protein interaction data. The practical utility of such high throughput interaction sets, however, is substantially decreased by the presence of false positives. Here we created a novel probabilistic metric that takes advantage of the high density of these data, including both the presence and absence of individual associations, to provide a measure of the relative confidence of each potential protein-protein interaction. This analysis largely overcomes the noise inherent in high throughput immunoprecipitation experiments. For example, of the 12,122 binary interactions in the general repository of interaction data (BioGRID) derived from these two studies, we marked 7504 as being of substantially lower confidence. Additionally, applying our metric and a stringent cutoff we identified a set of 9074 interactions (including 4456 that were not among the 12,122 interactions) with accuracy comparable to that of conventional small scale methodologies. Finally we organized proteins into coherent multisubunit complexes using hierarchical clustering. This work thus provides a highly accurate physical interaction map of yeast in a format that is readily accessible to the biological community
SN  - 1535-9476
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1393
T1  - Conserved cis-acting elements upstream of genes composing the chitinolytic system of streptomycetes are DasR-responsive elements 444
A1  - Colson,S.
A1  - Stephan,J.
A1  - Hertrich,T.
A1  - Saito,A.
A1  - van Wezel,G.P.
A1  - Titgemeyer,F.
A1  - Rigali,S.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17183212 IN - Centre d'Ingenierie des Proteines, Universite de Liege, Institut de Chimie B6a, Liege, Belgium AS - J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 12(1-2):60-6, 2007 JC - dsf, 100892561 SB - IM CP - Switzerland PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Copyright
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Gene
KW  - journal
KW  - play
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Role
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 60
EP  - 66
JF  - Journal of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology
VL  - 12
IS  - 1-2
N2  - For soil-dwelling bacteria that usually live in a carbon-rich and nitrogen-poor environment, the ability to utilize chitin - the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth - is a decisive evolving advantage as it is a source for both elements. Streptomycetes are high-GC Gram-positive soil bacteria that are equipped with a broad arsenal of chitinase-degrading genes. These genes are induced when the streptomycetes sense the presence of chitooligosaccharides. Their expression is repressed as soon as more readily assimilated carbon sources become available. This includes for example glucose or N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer subunit of chitin. Historically, the first cis-acting elements involved in carbon regulation in streptomycetes were found more than a decade ago upstream of chitinase genes, but the transcriptional regulator had so far remained undiscovered. In this work, we show that these cis-acting elements consist of inverted repeats with multiple occurrences and are bound by the HutC/GntR type regulator DasR. We have therefore designated these sites as DasR-responsive elements (dre). DasR, which is also the repressor of the genes for the N-acetylglucosamine-specific phosphotransferase transport system, should therefore play a critical role in sensing the balance between the monomeric and polymeric forms of N-acetylglucosamine. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
SN  - 1464-1801
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1394
T1  - Do reading tests measure the same construct in multiethnic and multilingual older persons? 306
A1  - Cosentino,S.
A1  - Manly,J.
A1  - Mungas,D.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17286880 IN - Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA AS - J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 13(2):228-36, 2007 Mar JC - 9503760, cpc SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't NO - AG00261-07 (NIA) NO - AG10129 (NIA) NO - AG10220 (NIA) LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Education
KW  - educational experience
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Hispanic
KW  - Hispanics
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - multilingual
KW  - New York
KW  - Performance
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading test
KW  - reading tests
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Sample
KW  - single word reading
KW  - Spanish
KW  - speaking
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Whites
KW  - Work
KW  - years of education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 228
EP  - 236
JF  - Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - A critical focus of neuropsychological research is to identify unbiased ways to compare heterogeneous groups on background variables relevant to neuropsychological performance. Whereas recent work has pointed to single word reading as a less culturally biased measure of educational experience than years of education, the extent to which reading score captures a broad range of educational experience and does so consistently across ethnic and language groups is unknown. The current study evaluated reading in relation to years of education in English-speaking Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, and Spanish-speaking Hispanic older persons (n = 342). Consistent with previous work, reading scores at each grade level were lower in English speaking ethnic minorities than in Whites, supporting the idea that variables related to lifetime educational experience are often confounded with ethnicity. Standardized reading scores were highest in the Spanish speakers; however, interpretation of this difference is limited because scores were necessarily derived using separate normative samples. Importantly, the slopes of reading score by years of education were comparable across all groups. That is, reading scores rose consistently with years of education independently of ethnicity or language, suggesting that such scores can be treated comparably for theoretical and statistical purposes in multiethnic and multilingual samples
SN  - 1355-6177
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1395
T1  - Original research in pathology: judgment, or evidence-based medicine? 393
A1  - Crawford,J.M.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17318193 IN - Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA. crawford@pathology.ufl.edu AS - Lab Invest. 87(2):104-14, 2007 Feb JC - kz4, 0376617 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - U54 CA105480 (NCI) LG - English
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Age
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Screening
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - College
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Florida
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Laboratory Test
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathologists
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Productivity
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Screening
KW  - Standard
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technology
KW  - testing
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 104
EP  - 114
JF  - Laboratory Investigation.Vol.87(2)()(pp 104-114), 2007.
J1  - Laboratory Investigation
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
N2  - Pathology is both a medical specialty and an investigative scientific discipline, concerned with understanding the essential nature of human disease. Ultimately, pathology is accountable as well, as measured by the accuracy of our diagnoses and the resultant patient care outcomes. As such, we must consider the evidence base underlying our practices. Within the realm of Laboratory Medicine, extensive attention has been given to testing accuracy and precision. Critical examination of the evidence base supporting the clinical use of specific laboratory tests or technologies is a separate endeavor, to which specific attention must be given. In the case of anatomic pathology and more specifically surgical pathology, the expertise required to render a diagnosis is derived foremost from experience, both personal and literature-based. In the first instance, knowledge of the linkage between one's own diagnoses and individual patient outcomes is required, to validate the role of one's own interpretations in the clinical course of patients. Experience comes from seeing this linkage first hand, from which hopefully comes wisdom and, ultimately, good clinical judgment. In the second instance, reading the literature and learning from experts is required. Only a minority of the relevant literature is published in pathology journals to which one may subscribe. A substantial portion of major papers relevant to the practice of anatomic pathology are published in collateral clinical specialty journals devoted to specific disease areas or organs. Active effort is therefore required to seek out the literature beyond the domain of pathology journals. In examining the published literature, the essential question then becomes: Does the practice of anatomic pathology fulfill the tenets of 'evidence-based medicine' (EBM)? If the pinnacle of EBM is 'systematic review of randomized clinical trials, with or without meta-analysis', then anatomic pathology falls far short. Our published literature is largely observational in nature, with reports of case series (with or without statistical analysis) constituting the majority of our 'evidence base'. Moreover, anatomic pathology is subject to 'interobserver variation', and potentially to 'error'. Taken further, individual interpretation of tissue samples is not an objective endeavor, and it is not easy to fulfill the role of a 'gold standard'. Both for rendering of an overall interpretation, and for providing the semi-quantitative and quantitative numerical 'scores' which support evidence-based clinical treatment algorithms, the Pathologist has to exercise a high level of interpretive judgment. Nevertheless, the contribution of anatomic pathology to 'EBM' is remarkably strong. To the extent that our judgmental interpretations become data, our tissue interpretations become the arbiters of patient care management decisions. In a more global sense, we support highly successful cancer screening programs, and play critical roles in the multidisciplinary management of complex patients. The true error is for the clinical practitioners of 'EBM' to forget the contribution to the supporting evidence base of the physicians that are Anatomic Pathologists. Finally, the academic productivity of pathology faculty who operate in the clinical realm must be considered. A survey of six North American academic pathology departments reveals that 26% of all papers published in 2005 came from 'unfunded' clinical faculty. While it is likely that their academic productivity is lower than that of 'funded' research faculty, the contribution of clinical faculty to the knowledge base for the practice of modern medicine, and to the academic reputation of the department, must not be overlooked. The ability of clinical faculty in academic departments of pathology to pursue original scholarship must be supported if our specialty is to retain its preeminence as an investigative scientific discipline in the age of EBM
SN  - 0023-6837
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1396
T1  - Reforming emergency care: Primary Care Trust power in action research 419
A1  - Crilly,T.
A1  - Plant,M.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17270065 IN - South Thames Research Network, London, UK. TECrilly@aol.com AS - Health Serv Manage Res. 20(1):37-47, 2007 Feb JC - abs, 8811549 SB - H CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Communication
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Economy
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Care
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Organization
KW  - Hospital Service
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - meaning
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Organization
KW  - Patient
KW  - Perception
KW  - power
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 47
JF  - Health Services Management Research
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVES: A Primary Care Trust (PCT) used its position as lead commissioner in a health economy to search for efficiency gains and to improve the patient journey through accident and emergency (A&E) services in a hard-pressed acute hospital. The project generated an action research approach. As a by-product, we developed a model of the hospital system based on a case study that can be replicated and used to set utilization targets at the micro-level of the hospital organization. This addresses a gap in the literature on hospital utilization that currently focuses on macro-population levels of analysis or simulation models that demand complex data. Primary and secondary care services, in contrast, require a pragmatic model of utilization supported by a few key, readily available data items. METHODS: Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in an approach of collaborative enquiry among stakeholders of the health economy. We used the flexible planning tenet of action research that evolved into the subjective meaning tenet by which, to achieve authoritative findings, it was necessary to broaden the line of enquiry to address participants' perceptions. RESULTS: We have described the current patient flow and a redesigned pathway through A&E services together with targets and action required to reduce admissions, delayed discharges and diagnostic waits in the emergency hospital system. Primary care had a key role in changing the culture, communication and treatment within A&E services. CONCLUSION: (i) This study was rapid and sustained a high level of energy and purpose among stakeholders. Action research is an appropriate method to apply to transformational change in the modernization of health-care systems; (ii) Modelling of system dynamics is a critical dimension to the success of whole system change; (iii) Primary care commissioning power is an under-used, but influential, lever for change. At a point when the PCT commissioning structure is under threat, this project exemplifies primary care's ability to engineer change in acute hospital services
SN  - 0951-4848
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1397
T1  - Differential regulation of expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in rat liver and kidney 385
A1  - Crosley,L.K.
A1  - Meplan,C.
A1  - Nicol,F.
A1  - Rundlof,A.K.
A1  - Arner,E.S.
A1  - Hesketh,J.E.
A1  - Arthur,J.R.
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17291446 IN - Vascular Health Programme, Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK AS - Arch Biochem Biophys. 459(2):178-88, 2007 Mar 15 JC - 6sk, 0372430 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - data
KW  - Diet
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Protein
KW  - Rat
KW  - Research
KW  - Selenium
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 178
EP  - 188
JF  - Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics
VL  - 459
IS  - 2
N2  - Adequate supply of selenium (Se) is critical for synthesis of selenoproteins through selenocysteine insertion mechanism. To explore this process we investigated the expression of the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1 and TrxR2) in response to altered Se supply. Rats were fed diets containing different quantities of selenium and the levels of TrxR1 and TrxR2 protein and their corresponding mRNAs were determined in liver and kidney. Expression of the two isoenzymes was differentially affected, with TrxR1 being more sensitive to Se depletion than TrxR2 and greater changes in liver than kidney. In order to determine if the selenocysteine incorporation sequence (SECIS) element was critical in this response liver and kidney cell lines (H4 and NRK-52E) were transfected with reporter constructs in which expression of luciferase required read-through at a UGA codon and which contained either the TrxR1 or TrxR2 3'UTR, or a combination of the TrxR1 5' and 3'UTRs. Cell lines expressing constructs with the TrxR1 3'UTR demonstrated no response to restricted Se supply. In comparison the Se-deficient cells expressing constructs with the TrxR2 3'UTR showed considerably less luciferase activity than the Se-adequate cells. No disparity of response to Se supply was observed in the constructs containing the different TrxR1 5'UTR variants. The data show that there is a prioritisation of TrxR2 over TrxR1 during Se deficiency such that TrxR1 expression is more sensitive to Se supply than TrxR2 but this sensitivity of TrxR1 was not fully accounted for by TrxR1 5' or 3'UTR sequences when assessed using luciferase reporter constructs
SN  - 0003-9861
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1398
T1  - Reading performance with various lamps in age-related macular degeneration 443
A1  - Eperjesi,F.
A1  - Maiz-Fernandez,C.
A1  - Bartlett,H.E.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17239195 IN - Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. f.eperjesi@aston.ac.uk AS - Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 27(1):93-9, 2007 Jan JC - onk, 8208839 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Arm
KW  - Article
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Life
KW  - Performance
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Visual Acuity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 99
JF  - Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - The purpose of this study was to determine if there was an objective difference in reading between four commonly available lamps, of varying spectral radiance, for 13 subjects with age-related maculopathy (ARM) or non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD)--logMAR visual acuity between 0.04 and 0.68. At a constant illuminance of 2000 lux, there was no interaction between ARM and AMD subgroups and no statistically significant difference between the lamps: standard (clear envelope) incandescent, daylight simulation (blue tint envelope) incandescent, compact fluorescent and halogen incandescent, for any reading outcome measure (threshold print size p = 0.67, critical print size p = 0.74, acuity reserve p = 0.84 and mean reading rate p = 0.78). For lamps typically used in low-vision rehabilitation, a clinically significant effect of spectral radiance on reading for people with ARM or non-exudative AMD is unlikely
SN  - 0275-5408
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1399
T1  - Literacy and visual impairment 355
A1  - Erickson,K.A.
A1  - Hatton,D.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17340383 IN - Associate Professor, Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Director, Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, NC 27599-7335, USA. karen_erickson@med.unc.edu AS - Semin Speech Lang. 28(1):58-68, 2007 Feb JC - 8405117, cfb, 8405117 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Blindness
KW  - children
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hearing
KW  - Infant
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional approaches
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Development
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy development
KW  - literacy instruction
KW  - oral language
KW  - Peers
KW  - Phonics
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Science
KW  - Solid
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
KW  - United States
KW  - Visual Impairment
KW  - Writing
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 68
JF  - Seminars in Speech & Language
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
N2  - Research supporting specific instructional approaches for young children with visual impairments and blindness is limited. There is, however, a growing body of evidence to support the belief that the critical components of emergent and early conventional literacy for children with visual impairments do not differ markedly from those of their sighted peers. Specifically, infants and toddlers with visual impairments and blindness require interactions that support their oral language development, awareness of print or braille, and opportunities to explore writing. Although these very young children are often delayed in developing emergent literacy understandings, the path of their development is consistent with emergent literacy development of sighted children. The research regarding older children with visual impairments and blindness suggests that they too benefit from instruction that emphasizes the critical elements of early literacy instruction for all children. Research also suggests that specific strategies, such as repeated readings, direct instruction in phonics, and big word decoding that emphasizes morphemes, can benefit school-aged children with visual impairments and blindness. Further research is needed if we are to understand fully the most effective approaches to emergent and early literacy instruction for children with visual impairments and blindness, but there is a solid base from which we can begin
SN  - 0734-0478
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1400
T1  - Pathway for patients admitted with gastroenteritis to a military hospital 354
A1  - Fadden-Newman,K.
A1  - Fenby,T.
A1  - Myers,J.
Y1  - 2007/01/11/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17353831 IN - Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps AS - Br J Nurs. 16(1):22-6, 2007 Jan 11-24 JC - big, 9212059 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Standard
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 22
EP  - 26
JF  - British Journal of Nursing.2006 Dec 14-2007 Jan 10; 15(22): 1255-9.(49 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - As part of the Clinical Effectiveness Programme, a care pathway was developed for use within the isolation facility in a military hospital in Iraq. The development of the care pathway was necessary to provide direction and to standardize the care provided. A care pathway using a structured and planned approach was developed, critically appraised and amended to ensure evidence-based and patient-focused care. This article provides an amended methodology for the development of further pathways suitable for use within military nursing based on the standard pathway produced by De Lue (2002). The production of the pathway and supporting guideline will ensure standardized care for patients admitted with gastroenteritis
SN  - 0966-0461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1401
T1  - Worries are the mother of many diseases: general practitioners and refugees in the Netherlands on stress, being ill and prejudice 327
A1  - Feldmann,C.T.
A1  - Bensing,J.M.
A1  - de,Ruijter A.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17116386 IN - Linnaeusparkweg 8 hs, 1098 EA Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ctfeld@xs4all.nl AS - Patient Educ Couns. 65(3):369-80, 2007 Mar JC - pec, 8406280 SB - N CP - Ireland PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - context
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - methods
KW  - Mother
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prejudice
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Refugees
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Secondary Analysis
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - strategies
KW  - Stress
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 369
EP  - 380
JF  - Patient Education & Counseling.Vol.60(2)()(pp 102-114), 2006.
J1  - Patient Education & Counseling
VL  - 65
IS  - 3
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To confront the views of refugee patients and general practitioners in the Netherlands, focusing on medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). METHODS: The study is based on in depth interviews with refugees from Afghanistan (n = 36) and Somalia (n = 30). Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 general practitioners. Text fragments concerning the relationship between mental worries and health or physical ailments were subject of a secondary analysis, the results of which are presented. RESULTS: Medically unexplained physical symptoms were a key issue for both refugees and GPs. The GPs saw MUPS as a significant part of the illness presentation by refugee patients. Refugees felt GPs were often prejudiced, too readily using their difficult background as an explanation for physical symptoms. A 'general narrative' circulating in the refugee communities undermines trust. The GPs applied different strategies in dealing with MUPS presented by their refugee patients. A 'human interest strategy' is distinguished from a 'technical strategy'. The results are discussed in the wider context of the literature on MUPS and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: No fundamental difference in paradigms was found between refugees and GPs as to the negative influence worries and bad experiences can have on health. For a fruitful cooperation to develop, based on trust, GPs need to invest in the relationship with individual refugees, and avoid actions based on prejudice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The importance of (a lack of) trust is underestimated in medical practice. Phenomena undermining trust are often out of sight for practitioners. Critical reflection is needed on the strategies practitioners employ to deal with MUPS
SN  - 0738-3991
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1402
T1  - Estimation of acute fluid shifts using bioelectrical impedance analysis in horses 407
A1  - Fielding,C.L.
A1  - Magdesian,K.G.
A1  - Carlson,G.P.
A1  - Ruby,R.E.
A1  - Rhodes,D.M.
Y1  - 2007/01//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17338166 IN - Loomis Basin Large Animal Veterinary Hospital, CA, USA AS - J Vet Intern Med. 21(1):176-83, 2007 Jan-Feb JC - jvg, 8708660 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - Crystalloid
KW  - Dehydration
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Furosemide
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - journal
KW  - Measurement
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United States
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 183
JF  - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) has been used to evaluate extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), but not fluid fluxes associated with fluid or furosemide administration in horses. If able to detect acute changes in ECFV, MF-BIA would be useful in monitoring fluid therapy in horses. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of MF-BIA to detect acute fluid compartment changes in horses. We hypothesized that MF-BIA would detect clinically relevant (10-20%) changes in ECFV. ANIMALS: Six healthy mares were used in the study. METHODS: This is an original experimental study. Mares were studied in 3 experiments: (1) crystalloid expansion of normally hydrated subjects, (2) furosemide-induced dehydration followed by crystalloid administration, and (3) acute blood loss followed by readministration of lost blood. MF-BIA measurements were made before, during, and after each fluid shift and compared to known changes in volume calculated based on the intravenous fluids that were administered in addition to urinary fluid losses. Mean errors between MF-BIA estimated change and known volume change were compared using nonparametric analysis of variance. Estimated ECFV pre- and post-fluid administration similarly were compared. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Results of the study revealed a statistically significant change in ECFV and total body water during crystalloid expansion and dehydration. Statistically significant changes were not observed during blood loss and administration. Mean errors between MF-BIA results and measured net changes were small. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: MF-BIA represents a practical and accurate means of assessing acute fluid changes during dehydration and expansion of ECFV using isotonic crystalloids with potential clinical applications in equine critical care
SN  - 0891-6640
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1403
T1  - Laparoscopic approach to colonic cancer: critical appraisal of the literature 334
A1  - Fingerhut,A.
A1  - Ata,T.
A1  - Chouillard,E.
A1  - Alexakis,N.
A1  - Veyrie,N.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17384506 IN - Digestive Surgery Unit, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Poissy, France AS - Dig Dis. 25(1):33-43, 2007 JC - dds, 8701186 SB - IM CP - Switzerland PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Recurrence
KW  - Colectomy
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Base
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - France
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - Laparoscopy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - problems
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Survival
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
JF  - Digestive Diseases
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - Background/Aims: As laparoscopic colectomy finds its place in the surgical armamentarium, the literature concerning the safety, efficacy, and oncological rational for treatment of colonic cancer is also enriched. A review and critical appraisal of the literature on this subject was the aim of this paper. Methods: A systematic research and a hand search were conducted to gain access to all controlled studies involving laparoscopic colectomy using the Medline, Embase, HealthSTAR, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, CancerLit data bases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for the years 1991-2006. Results: Over 40 controlled randomized trials and ten systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were found. Several of the completed controlled randomized trials have published either short- or long-term results; only partial and short-term results are available in rectal cancer. The principal conclusions are that the laparoscopic approach affords better short-term outcomes including surgical site morbidity, but with increased operative times and direct costs. Among the proven long-term outcomes, cancer recurrence and survival do not seem to be worse. Whether conversion, a source of increased operative time and costs, is responsible for poorer outcomes or whether specific settings associated with poorer outcomes are among the causes of conversion remains to be shown. However, there are still concerns as regards specific laparoscopic-related complications. Conclusion: There seems to no real safety problems in performing laparoscopic colectomy for cancer; improvement in operative times, conversion rates, and complications should make laparoscopy the best cost-effective approach to colectomy. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
SN  - 0257-2753
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1404
T1  - Expression of the alternative reading frame protein of Hepatitis C virus induces cytokines involved in hepatic injuries 351
A1  - Fiorucci,M.
A1  - Boulant,S.
A1  - Fournillier,A.
A1  - Abraham,J.D.
A1  - Lavergne,J.P.
A1  - Paranhos-Baccala,G.
A1  - Inchauspe,G.
A1  - Bain,C.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17374758 IN - FRE 2736 CNRS-bioMerieux, IFR 128 Biosciences Lyon-Gerland, Lyon, France AS - J Gen Virol. 88(Pt 4):1149-62, 2007 Apr JC - i9b, 0077340 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Coding
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - France
KW  - Hepatitis
KW  - Hepatitis C Virus
KW  - Injury
KW  - journal
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - Protein
KW  - Reading
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 62
JF  - Journal of General Virology
VL  - 88
IS  - Pt:4
N2  - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core has been implicated in immune-mediated mechanisms associated with the development of chronic hepatic diseases. Discovery of different alternative reading frame proteins (ARFPs) expressed from the HCV Core coding sequence challenges properties assigned to Core. This study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory functions of Core and ARFPs in monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (Mphi) and hepatocytes, cells that are all capable of supporting HCV replication. THP-1 cells, monocyte-derived Mphi and DCs, and Huh7 cells were infected by using adenoviruses (Ad) encoding Core, CE1E2 and a Core sequence modified so that the Core protein is wild type, but no ARFPs are expressed (CDeltaARFP). THP-1 cells and DCs infected with Ad encoding Core or CE1E2 produced significant levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MCP-1 and MIP-1beta, whereas production of these chemokines with AdCDeltaARFP was reduced or abolished. Similar effects on IL-8 production were observed in Huh7 cells and on IL-6 and MIP-1beta in Mphi. Wild-type Core sequence, but not CDeltaARFP, could trans-activate the IL-8 promoter and this activation was not associated with activation of p38/p42-44MAPK. This study illustrates, for the first time, the critical importance of ARFP expression in immunomodulatory functions attributed to Core expression and suggests a potential involvement of ARFP in mechanisms associated with HCV pathogenesis
SN  - 0022-1317
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1405
T1  - Influence of a surfactant and electrolytes on adsorbed polymer layers 388
A1  - Flood,C.
A1  - Cosgrove,T.
A1  - Qiu,D.
A1  - Espidel,Y.
A1  - Howell,I.
A1  - Revell,P.
Y1  - 2007/02/27/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17309202 IN - School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K. charlie.flood@bristol.ac.uk AS - Langmuir. 23(5):2408-13, 2007 Feb 27 JC - 9882736 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - journal
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - School
KW  - Surfactant
KW  - Thickness
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2408
EP  - 2413
JF  - Langmuir
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
N2  - Solvent relaxation NMR and small-angle neutron scattering have been used to characterize adsorbed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) layers on silica at a range of surfactant and electrolyte concentrations. Below the critical aggregation concentration (cac), the results suggest that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interacts relatively weakly, perhaps analogously to a simple salt reducing the solvency of PEO. This is evidenced by a decrease in the adsorbed layer thickness combined with an increase in the bound fraction, although the total adsorbed amount is not greatly affected. The layer thickness goes through a minimum at the cac, after which further SDS addition results in the formation of PEO/SDS aggregates that repel each other and, hence, tend to desorb. The adsorbed amount therefore decreases, from 0.7 mg m(-2) initially to 0.2 mg m(-2) with 32 mM SDS. The aggregates that remain adsorbed also repel, and hence, there is an increase in the layer thickness and the persistence length, while the bound fraction is reduced. In comparison, the effects of electrolyte at the ionic strength studied are relatively minimal. There is, however, evidence that the repulsions between adsorbed PEO/SDS aggregates are partially screened, allowing them to approach each other more readily. This leads to a contraction of the adsorbed layer when the SDS concentration is sufficiently high
SN  - 0743-7463
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1406
T1  - Is the movement deficit in syntactic SLI related to traces or to thematic role transfer? 296
A1  - Friedmann,N.
A1  - Novogrodsky,R.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17084444 IN - Tel Aviv University, School of Education, Language and Brain Lab, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel AS - Brain Lang. 101(1):50-63, 2007 Apr JC - 7506220, b5h SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Aged
KW  - Article
KW  - brain
KW  - children
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading aloud
KW  - Relative
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 63
JF  - Brain & Language
VL  - 101
IS  - 1
N2  - Children with Syntactic Specific Language Impairment (S-SLI) have difficulties understanding object relative clauses, which have been ascribed to a deficit in syntactic movement. The current study explores the nature of the deficit in movement, and specifically whether it is related to a deficit in the construction of syntactic structure and traces, or whether the structure is constructed correctly but the transfer of thematic roles from the trace is impaired. This question was addressed using reading aloud and paraphrasing of object relatives that included noun-verb heterophonic homographs after the trace. Because the correct reading of homographs as noun or verb critically hinges on the identification of their syntactic position, readers who cannot construct traces are expected to read homographs incorporated after the trace incorrectly. The participants were 15 Hebrew-speaking children aged 9.3 to 14.6 with S-SLI and 50 typically developing children. The children with S-SLI read the homographs after the trace correctly but failed to interpret the object relatives, making thematic role errors. The results suggest that in S-SLI, at least for school-aged children, syntactic structure and traces are created, but the assignment of thematic roles from the trace to the moved element is impaired, leading to a deficit in the comprehension of movement-derived sentences
SN  - 0093-934X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1407
T1  - Informatics: the fuel for pharmacometric analysis 275
A1  - Grasela,T.H.
A1  - Fiedler-Kelly,J.
A1  - Cirincione,B.
A1  - Hitchcock,D.
A1  - Reitz,K.
A1  - Sardella,S.
A1  - Smith,B.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17408238 IN - Cognigen Corporation, Buffalo, NY 14221-5831, USA. ted.grasela@cognigencorp.com AS - AAPS J. 9(1):E84-91, 2007 JC - 101223209 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - business
KW  - challenge
KW  - data
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Paper
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - E84
EP  - E91
JF  - AAPS Journal
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
N2  - The current informal practice of pharmacometrics as a combination art and science makes it hard to appreciate the role that informatics can and should play in the future of the discipline and to comprehend the gaps that exist because of its absence. The development of pharmacometric informatics has important implications for expediting decision making and for improving the reliability of decisions made in model-based development. We argue that well-defined informatics for pharmacometrics can lead to much needed improvements in the efficiency, effectiveness, and reliability of the pharmacometrics process. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the pervasive yet often poorly appreciated role of informatics in improving the process of data assembly, a critical task in the delivery of pharmacometric analysis results. First, we provide a brief description of the pharmacometric analysis process. Second, we describe the business processes required to create analysis-ready data sets for the pharmacometrician. Third, we describe selected informatic elements required to support the pharmacometrics and data assembly processes. Finally, we offer specific suggestions for performing a systematic analysis of existing challenges as an approach to defining the next generation of pharmacometric informatics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1408
T1  - Phonological skills and disfluency levels in preschool children who stutter 369
A1  - Gregg,B.A.
A1  - Yairi,E.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16737706 IN - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA. bagregg@ualr.edu AS - J Commun Disord. 40(2):97-115, 2007 Mar-Apr JC - 0260316, hur SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural NO - R01 DC 05210 (NIDCD) LG - English
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - boys
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - girls
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Individual Differences
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Phonology
KW  - preschool
KW  - preschool children
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 97
EP  - 115
JF  - Journal of Communication Disorders.Vol.36(2)()(pp 153-164), 2003.
J1  - Journal of Communication Disorders
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
N2  - The relation between stuttering and aspects of language, including phonology, has been investigated for many years. Whereas past literature reported that the incidence of phonological difficulties is higher for children who stutter when compared to normally fluent children, the suggestion of association between the two disorders also drew several critical evaluations. Nevertheless, only a limited amount of information exists concerning the manner and extent to which the speech sound errors exhibited by young children who stutter, close to stuttering onset, is related to the characteristics of their stuttering, such as its severity. Conversely, information is limited regarding the effects a child's phonological skills may have on his/her stuttering severity. The current study investigated the mutual relations between these two factors in 28 carefully selected preschool children near the onset of their stuttering. The children, 20 boys and 8 girls, ranged in age from 25 to 38 months, with a mean of 32.2 months. The phonological skills of two groups with different ratings of stuttering were compared. Similarly, the stuttering severities of two groups with different levels of phonological skills (minimal deviations-moderate deviations) were compared. No statistically significant differences were found for either of the two factors. Inspection of the data revealed interesting individual differences. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The reader will be able to list: (1) differences in the phonological skills of preschool children whose stuttering is severe as compared to children whose stuttering is mild and (2) differences in stuttering severity in preschool children with minimal phonological deviations as compared to children with moderate phonological deviations
SN  - 0021-9924
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1409
T1  - Using cooperative inquiry and clinical supervision to improve practice 273
A1  - Jenkins,E.
Y1  - 2007/02//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17363869 IN - Centre for Philosophy, Humanities and Law in Health Care, School of Health Science, University of Wales, Swansea. e.r.jenkins@swansea.ac.uk AS - Br J Community Nurs. 12(2):63-9, 2007 Feb JC - 9815827 SB - N CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Supervision
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Humanities
KW  - inquiry
KW  - journal
KW  - Law
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Metaphor
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Reflection
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - stories
KW  - supervision
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Wales
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 69
JF  - British Journal of Community Nursing.2005 May; 10(5): 228-32.(38 ref)
J1  - British Journal of Community Nursing
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
N2  - District nurses and a nurse lecturer used the process of co-operative inquiry (Heron, 1996; Reason and Heron, 2001) to research the value of regular, critical reflection in developing their practice. Stories and metaphor were shared and appraised through (i) supportive challenge and (ii) talking that critically informed learning (rather than reinforcing opinions or moaning). These methods were informed by clinical supervision and action research literature. The co-inquiry process made overt our tendencies to hide and the merit in sharing and in being ourselves, authentic (Hartrick 1997; McCormack 2003). In place of professional attitudes that present a 'we know best' stance, we are improving our nursing and education work through engaging more personally with others. Our relationships and humour help us to seek more holistic appreciation of experience than solitary self-reflection can provide, and we need dedicated time for this social, more critical appreciation
SN  - 1462-4753
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1410
T1  - Critical appraisal rounds: a new training model for clinical pharmacologists 343
A1  - Koren,G.
A1  - Nulman,I.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17363843 IN - The Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. gkoren@sickkids.ca AS - Can J Clin Pharmacol. 14(1):e81-5, 2007 JC - 9804162 SB - IM CP - Canada PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - children
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - manuscripts
KW  - Model
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Therapeutics
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - e81
EP  - e85
JF  - Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology/Journal Canadien de Pharmacologie Clinique
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - A new training model for critical appraisal in therapeutics is presented. Postgraduate trainees in Clinical Pharmacology are assigned to critically appraise scientific papers that faculty members were asked to review by Journals. The manuscripts were discussed in group rounds, allowing teaching of all aspects of therapeutics research. Formal evaluation of this model by trainees revealed high marks for "critical thinking", "learning study design", and "how to write/not to write"
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1411
T1  - Using Unified Modelling Language (UML) as a process-modelling technique for clinical-research process improvement 361
A1  - Kumarapeli,P.
A1  - De,Lusignan S.
A1  - Ellis,T.
A1  - Jones,B.
Y1  - 2007/03//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17365645 IN - St. George's University of London, London. UK. p0505680@sgul.ac.uk AS - Med Inform Internet Med. 32(1):51-64, 2007 Mar JC - 100883495, dcs SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - business
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer System
KW  - context
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - data processing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - General Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - London
KW  - Model
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Quality of Care
KW  - Research
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
JF  - Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
N2  - The Primary Care Data Quality programme (PCDQ) is a quality-improvement programme which processes routinely collected general practice computer data. Patient data collected from a wide range of different brands of clinical computer systems are aggregated, processed, and fed back to practices in an educational context to improve the quality of care. Process modelling is a well-established approach used to gain understanding and systematic appraisal, and identify areas of improvement of a business process. Unified modelling language (UML) is a general purpose modelling technique used for this purpose. We used UML to appraise the PCDQ process to see if the efficiency and predictability of the process could be improved. Activity analysis and thinking-aloud sessions were used to collect data to generate UML diagrams. The UML model highlighted the sequential nature of the current process as a barrier for efficiency gains. It also identified the uneven distribution of process controls, lack of symmetric communication channels, critical dependencies among processing stages, and failure to implement all the lessons learned in the piloting phase. It also suggested that improved structured reporting at each stage - especially from the pilot phase, parallel processing of data and correctly positioned process controls - should improve the efficiency and predictability of research projects. Process modelling provided a rational basis for the critical appraisal of a clinical data processing system; its potential maybe underutilized within health care
SN  - 1463-9238
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1412
T1  - Journal club in the journal of physiology 293
A1  - Large,W.
A1  - Huxley,C.
Y1  - 2007/04/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17401140 AS - J Physiol (Lond). 580(Pt 1):1, 2007 Apr 1 JC - jqv, 0266262 SB - IM CP - England PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
JF  - Journal of Physiology
VL  - 580
IS  - Pt:1
SN  - 0022-3751
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1413
T1  - Multimedia Messaging Service teleradiology in the provision of emergency neurosurgery services 395
A1  - Ng,W.H.
A1  - Wang,E.
A1  - Ng,I.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17350396 IN - Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433 Singapore AS - Surg Neurol. 67(4):338-41, 2007 Apr JC - vbj, 0367070 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Computer
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - images
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - media
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Multimedia
KW  - Neurosurgery
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Staff
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Workload
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 338
EP  - 341
JF  - Surgical Neurology
VL  - 67
IS  - 4
N2  - BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical emergencies constitute a significant proportion of workload of a tertiary neurosurgical service. Prompt diagnosis and emergent institution of definitive treatment are critical to reduce neurological mortality and morbidity. Diagnosis is highly dependent on accurate interpretation of scans by experienced clinicians. This expertise may not be readily available especially after office hours because many neurosurgical units are manned by middle-level neurosurgical staff with varying levels of experience in scan interpretation. Multimedia Messaging Service mobile phone technology offers a simple, cheap, quick, and effective solution to the problem of scan interpretation. An MMS takes only a few minutes to send and receive and allows senior doctors to view important images and make important clinical decisions to enhance patient management in an emergency situation. METHODS: A mobile phone (with VGA camera and MMS capabilities) was provided to the neurosurgery registrar on call. The on-call mobile phone is passed on to the corresponding registrar on-call the next day. All consultants had personal mobile phones that are MMS-enabled. Relevant representative CT/MRI images can be taken directly from the mobile phone from the PACS off the computer screen. When only hard copies are available, the images can be taken off the light box. After a 12-month trial period, a questionnaire was given to all staff involved in the project to ascertain the usefulness of the MMS teleradiology service. RESULTS: The survey on the use of the MMS service in a tertiary neurosurgical service demonstrated that the technology significantly improved the level of confidence of the senior-level staff in emergent clinical decision making. Significantly, the MMS images were of sufficient quality and resolution to obviate the need to view the actual scans. The impact of MMS is less pronounced in the middle-level staff, but there was a trend that most of the junior staff found the service more useful. CONCLUSION: The MMS technology is demonstrated to be a useful media for the transmission of high-quality images to assist in the diagnostic process and implementation of emergent clinical therapy. It is already in widespread use and can be seamlessly and rapidly implemented in the clinical arena to improve the quality of patient care
SN  - 0090-3019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1414
T1  - Faculty training in evidence-based medicine: Improving evidence acquisition and critical appraisal 294
A1  - Nicholson,L.J.
A1  - Warde,C.M.
A1  - Boker,J.R.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17385730 IN - University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego AS - J Contin Educ Health Prof. 27(1):28-33, 2007 JC - jhp, 8805847 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - California
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Web
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
JF  - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - Introduction: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates published clinical evidence with patient values and clinical expertise, the output of which is informed medical decision making. Key skills for evidence-based practice include acquisition and appraisal of clinical information. Faculty clinicians often lack expertise in these skills and are therefore unable to demonstrate this process for students and residents.Methods: We conducted a yearlong case-based EBM workshop for 28 clinician educators, with precourse and postcourse evaluations of EBM resource use and literature appraisal skills.Results: Of the original 28 participants, 26 completed the course. Self-assessed EBM resource use improved significantly. Self-reported EBM knowledge correlated with measured skill (r = 0.45), and both improved with the intervention (both p < .001). Higher EBM skills scores correlated with time logged on the course's EBM Web sites (r = 0.56; p < .05), workshop attendance rates (r = 0.55; p = .003), and fewer years since medical school graduation (r = -0.56; p < .005).Discussion: An interactive, longitudinal, EBM course derived from a needs assessment can improve 2 skills important for evidence-based practice: online literature retrieval and critical appraisal skills
SN  - 0894-1912
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1415
T1  - Journal club 267
A1  - Petrozza,P.H.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17414001 AS - J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 19(2):136-9, 2007 Apr JC - bhu, 8910749 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 136
EP  - 139
JF  - Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SN  - 0898-4921
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1416
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: critical appraisal of the literature (critical appraisal tools) 292
A1  - Raslich,M.A.
A1  - Onady,G.M.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17400824 IN - Medicine-Pediatrics Program, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA AS - Pediatr Rev. 28(4):132-8, 2007 Apr JC - peo, 8103046 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ohio
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 132
EP  - 138
JF  - Pediatrics in Review
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1417
T1  - Asking well-built questions for evidence-based practice in augmentative and alternative communication 295
A1  - Schlosser,R.W.
A1  - Koul,R.
A1  - Costello,J.
Y1  - 2007/05//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 16876187 IN - Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States AS - J Commun Disord. 40(3):225-38, 2007 May-Jun JC - 0260316, hur SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Communication
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 225
EP  - 238
JF  - Journal of Communication Disorders.Vol.36(2)()(pp 153-164), 2003.
J1  - Journal of Communication Disorders
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) is increasingly being advocated as the preferred approach to practice in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The EBP process involves multiple steps. The asking of a well-built question is the first step in the quest for answers. At the same time it is also often the first stumbling block for practitioners. To facilitate the asking of well-built questions it may be helpful to follow a template. The most frequently used template is PICO, which stands for patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome [Richardson, W., Wilson, M., Nishikawa, J., & Hayward, R. (1995). The well-built clinical question: A key to evidence-based decisions. ACP Journal Club, 123, A12-A13]. In this article, we examine the suitability of the PICO template for AAC in terms of the representativeness of the components, and the appropriateness of its subcomponents, and their terminology. Based on this analysis, we propose the PESICO template, which stands for person, environments, stakeholders, intervention, comparison, and outcome. This template is then illustrated with examples representing a range of decision-making areas in AAC. Finally, directions for future research are provided. Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to: (1) appreciate the importance of asking well-built questions, (2) name the shortcomings of the PICO template, and (3) describe the components of the proposed PESICO template for asking well-built questions
SN  - 0021-9924
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1418
T1  - Electrochemical stimulation of microbial perchlorate reduction 298
A1  - Thrash,J.C.
A1  - Van Trump,J.I.
A1  - Weber,K.A.
A1  - Miller,E.
A1  - Achenbach,L.A.
A1  - Coates,J.D.
Y1  - 2007/03/01/
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17396669 IN - Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA AS - Environ Sci Technol. 41(5):1740-6, 2007 Mar 1 JC - dvo, 0213155 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S LG - English
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - California
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - control
KW  - Culture
KW  - diversity
KW  - English
KW  - Industry
KW  - journal
KW  - mediator
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1740
EP  - 1746
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
N2  - As part of our studies into the diversity of dissimilatory perchlorate reducing bacteria (DPRB) we investigated the reduction of perchlorate in the cathodic chamber of a bioelectrical reactor (BER). Our results demonstrated that washed cells of Dechloromonas and Azospira species readily reduced 90 mg L(-1) perchlorate in the BER with 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS) as a mediator. No perchlorate was reduced in the absence of cells or AQDS, or in an open-circuit control. Similar results were observed when a natural microbial community was inoculated into a fed-batch BER. After 70 days of operation, a novel DPRB, strain VDY, was isolated which readily reduced perchlorate in a mediatorless BER. Continuous up-flow BERs (UFBERs) were seeded with active cultures of strain VDY, and perchlorate at a volumetric loading of 60 mg L(-1) day(-1) was successfully removed. Gas phase analysis indicated that low levels of H2 produced at the cathode surface through electrolysis may mediate this metabolism. The results of these studies demonstrate that biological perchlorate remediation can be facilitated through the use of a cathode as the primary electron donor, and that continuous treatment in such a system approaches current industry standards. This has important implications for the continuous treatment of this critical contaminant in industrial waste streams and drinking water
SN  - 0013-936X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1419
T1  - A Conceptual Model for Growing Evidence-based Practice 265
A1  - Vratny,A.
A1  - Shriver,D.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17413511 IN - Trinity Regional Medical Center, Fort Dodge, Iowa AS - Nurs Adm Q. 31(2):162-70, 2007 Apr-Jun JC - oae, 7703976 SB - N CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Culture
KW  - Education
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Expectation
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Fruit
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Mentorship
KW  - Model
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - practice environment
KW  - quality
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Staff
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - values
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 162
EP  - 170
JF  - Nursing Administration Quarterly.2001 Summer; 25(4): 51-6.
J1  - Nursing Administration Quarterly
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
N2  - Nursing administration at a small medical center is developing and implementing an evidence-based practice (EBP) model of care to support a culture of quality care, clinical excellence, cost-effectiveness, critical thinking, empowerment of staff, and professional growth. The purpose of this article is to describe a conceptual model for EBP that addresses how to overcome barriers to implementation. Clinician expertise and values, experience, patient preference and expectation, and caring become grounded in a practice environment that must strive to become rooted in clinical research to evolve into a practice that is evidence-based. Education helps to nourish EBP, but leadership, enthusiasm, mentorship, clinical inquiry, and reflective practice make EBP thrive. The EBP ambassadors branch out to each department to grow journal clubs, EBP Web pages, EBP projects, research utilization projects, and staff-led practice reviews. The fruits are quality patient care and outcomes, clinical excellence, cost-effectiveness, critical thinking, empowerment of staff, and professional growth
SN  - 0363-9568
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1420
T1  - Journal club 266
A1  - Warner,D.S.
Y1  - 2007/04//
N1  - DB - Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations UI - 17414002 AS - J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 19(2):140-2, 2007 Apr JC - bhu, 8910749 SB - IM CP - United States PT - Journal Article LG - English
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - United States
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 140
EP  - 142
JF  - Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SN  - 0898-4921
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1421
T1  - Foundations of reading acquisition and dyslexia: Implications for early intervention
A1  - Blachman,Benita A.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1997-09197-000 LG - English IN - Blachman, Benita A.: Syracuse U, School of Education, Reading & Language Arts Ctr, Syracuse, NY, US SO - (1997). xxii, 463 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book CF - Cognitive and Linguistic Foundations of Reading Acquisition: Implications for Intervention Research, May - Jun, 1995, Kauai, HI, US TC - Preface Acknowledgments List of contributors I: Theoretical foundations * How theories of speech affect research in reading and writing / Alvin M. Liberman / 3-19 * Ability to encode phonological representations: An underlying difficulty of poor readers / Susan Amanda Brady / 21-47 * The role of temporal processing in developmental language-based learning disorders: Research and clinical implications / Paula Tallal, Steven L. Miller, William M. Jenkins and Michael M. Merzenich / 49-66 * A provisional, integrative account of phonological and naming-speed deficits in dyslexia: Implications for diagnosis and intervention / Maryanne Wolf / 67-92 II: Subtypes of dyslexia * Subtypes of dyslexia: An old problem revisited / Jack M. Fletcher, Robin Morris, G. Reid Lyon, Karla K. Stuebing, Sally E. Shaywitz, Donald P. Shankweiler, Len Katz and Bennett A. Shaywitz / 95-114 * Subtypes of developmental dyslexia: Differences in phonological and orthographic coding / Keith E. Stanovich, Linda S. Siegel, Alexandra Gottardo, Penny Chiappe and Robindra Sidhu / 115-141 III: Beginning to read and spell * A cross-linguistic study of early literacy acquisition / Maggie Bruck, Fred Genesee and Marketa Caravolas / 145-162 * Sight word learning in normal readers and dyslexics / Linnea C. Ehri / 163-189 * Spelling in normal children and dyslexics / Rebecca Treiman / 191-218 * Children's understanding of the connection between grammar and spelling / Peter E. Bryant, Terezinha Nunes and Miriam Bindman / 219-240 IV: Implications for intervention * The case for early reading intervention / Barbara R. Foorman, David J. Francis, Sally E. Shaywitz, Bennett A. Shaywitz and Jack M. Fletcher / 243-264 * Assessing the child's and the environment's contribution to reading acquisition: What we know and what we don't know / Brian Byrne, Ruth Fielding-Barnsley, Luise Ashley and Kim Larsen / 265-285 * Approaches to the prevention and remediation of phonologically based reading disabilities / Joseph K. Torgesen, Richard K. Wagner and Carol A. Rashotte / 287-304 * The etiology and remediation of phonologically based word recognition and spelling disabilities: Are phonological deficits the "hole" story? / Richard K. Olson, Barbara Wise, Mina C. Johnson and Jerry Ring / 305-326 * The use of rime-based orthographic analogy training as an intervention strategy for reading-disabled children / Keith T. Greaney, William E. Tunmer and James W. Chapman / 327-345 * Toward distinguishing between cognitive and experiential deficits as primary sources of difficulty in learning to read: The importance of early intervention in diagnosing specific reading disability / Frank R. Vellutino, Donna M. Scanlon and Edward R. Sipay / 347-379 * Closing the gap on reading failure: Social background, phonemic awareness, and learning to read / Tom Nicholson / 381-407 * Early intervention and phonological awareness: A cautionary tale / Benita A. Blachman / 409-430 Author index Subject index
KW  - *Dyslexia
KW  - *Early Intervention
KW  - *Reading Development
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Affect
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Book
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Coding
KW  - conference proceedings
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Dyslexia
KW  - Early Intervention
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Grammar
KW  - Human
KW  - implications for early intervention
KW  - intervention
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Disorder
KW  - Learning Disorders
KW  - Learning Disorders [3253]; Cognitive & Perceptual Development [2820].
KW  - learning to read
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy acquisition
KW  - phonemic awareness
KW  - phonological awareness
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Disabilities
KW  - reading disability
KW  - reading process
KW  - Recognition
KW  - representation
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - respect
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - social background
KW  - Spelling
KW  - stories
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - theoretical & empirical understanding of reading acquisition & dyslexia
KW  - theoretical foundations
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Word Recognition
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) This volume is based on presentations at a conference that brought together researchers who have made contributions to our theoretical and empirical understanding of how children learn to read. Presenters addressed not only what they have learned from their respective research programs about reading acquisition, dyslexia, and the implications for early intervention, but also discussed unsolved problems. The dialogue among the participants, represented in this collection of chapters, reflects the important gains that have been made in our scientific understanding of the reading process, especially our understanding of the critical role played by phonological abilities. This book brings the reader up-to-date on the progress that is being made in basic and applied research with respect to our understanding how children learn to read, why many children fail, and the characteristics of early intervention that make a difference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2362-X (hardcover), 0-8058-2363-8 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1422
T1  - Management learning as discourse
A1  - Fairclough,Norman
A1  - Hardy,Ginny
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1997-36902-008 LG - English IN - Fairclough, Norman: Lancaster U, Dept of Linguistics, England SO - Burgoyne, John (Ed); Reynolds, Michael (Ed). (1997). Management learning: Integrating perspectives in theory and practice. (pp. 144-160). viii, 342 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Discourse Analysis
KW  - *Language
KW  - *Management Training
KW  - *Text Structure
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - critical discourse
KW  - critical discourse analysis
KW  - critical discourse analysis of management learning language & application to outdoor training organization brochures
KW  - Discourse Analysis
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - Management
KW  - Management & Management Training [3640]; Linguistics & Language & Speech [2720].
KW  - Organization
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - social science research
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - US
KW  - Written Language
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 144
EP  - 160
N2  - (from the chapter) The purpose of this chapter is twofold. The authors argue that the study of management learning can be significantly enhanced by the discourse analysis of the language--of the various spoken and written language texts which constitute management learning. They advocate more specifically the use in teaching, research and the practice of managing, of one particular method of discourse analysis which is known as critical discourse analysis. Their 2nd purpose is to introduce readers to the application of this method to management learning texts by working through an example--a comparison of 2 publicity brochures produced by the same outdoor training organization, one of which is aimed at the general public, the other at the world of management and organizational development. The chapter discusses critical discourse analysis as a perspective in social science research generally and the study of management learning in particular, and sketches out an analytic framework. Management learning as an "order of discourse" focusing upon its diverse language practices, their complex interrelationships, and shifting configurations is discussed. The chapter concludes with suggestions about how readers might take critical discourse analysis and management learning further. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8039-7643-7 (hardcover), 0-8039-7644-5 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1423
T1  - Off white: Readings on race, power, and society
A1  - Fine,Michelle
A1  - Weis,Lois
A1  - Powell,Linda C.
A1  - Wong,L.Mun
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1997-08491-000 LG - English IN - Fine, Michelle: City U New York, Graduate Ctr, NY, US SO - (1997). xii, 366 pp. Florence, KY, US: Taylor & Frances/Routledge PT - Book PT - Edited Book TC - Preface [by] Michelle Fine, Linda C. Powell, Lois Weis and L. Mun Wong Theorizing Whiteness * The achievement (k)not: Whiteness and "Black underachievement" / Linda C. Powell * White experimenters, White blood, and other White conditions: Locating the psychologist's race / Jill G. Morawski * Difference in a minor key: Some modulations of history, memory, and community / Deborah P. Britzman * Behind blue eyes: Whiteness and contemporary U.S. racial politics / Howard Winant White performances: Academic life * Witnessing Whiteness / Michelle Fine * White out: Multicultural performances in a progressive school / Virginia Chalmers * Underground discourses: Exploring Whiteness in teacher education / Pearl M. Rosenberg * Resisting diversity: An Alaskan case of institutional struggle / Perry Gilmore, David M. Smith and Apacuar Larry Kairaiuak * The art of survival in White academia: Black women faculty finding where they belong / Donelda Cook * Border guards: Ethnographic fiction and social science / William G. Tierney * Consuming the other: Whiteness, education and cheap french fries / Michael W. Apple * Racing in America / William C. Ayers * Stories of colonial and postcolonial education / Dennis Carlson Living Whiteness: Nations, colonialism, and identities * Keeping the White queen in play / Michael Billig * Colonial remnants: Assumptions of privilege / Louise H. Kidder * Does White racism necessarily mean antiblackness? Aversive racism and prowhiteness / Samuel L. Gaertner, John F. Dovidio, Brenda S. Banker, Mary C. Rust, Jason A. Nier, Gary R. Mottola and Christine M. Ward * Confessions of an affirmative action mama / Faye J. Crosby * "I'm White! So what?" The construction of Whiteness for young Londoners / Ann Phoenix * Is White a race? Expressions of White racial identity / Robert T. Carter * Re-examining "a moment in history": Loss of privilege inside White working-class masculinity in the 1990s / Lois Weis, Amira Proweller and Craig Centrie White screens: Media and cultural studies * Race, suburban resentment, and the representation of the inner city in contemporary film and television / Cameron McCarthy, Alicia Rodriguez, Shuaib Meecham, Stephen David, Carrie Wilson-Brown, Heriberto Godina, K. E. Supryia and Ed Buendia * Who's White? Television talk shows and representations of Whiteness / Corinne Squire * Whites are from Mars, O. J. is from Planet Hollywood: Blacks don't support O. J. and Whites just don't get it / James M. Jones * Double binds of Whiteness / Elizabeth Ellsworth * Denying (White) racial privilege: Redemption discourses and the uses of fantasy / Leslie G. Roman * The revolution of little girls / Pat Macpherson White politics: Coalitions and borderlands * Through the looking glass: Implications of studying Whiteness for feminist methods / Aida Hurtado and Abigail J. Stewart * Surfacing our-selves: Gringa, White--Mestiza, Brown? / M. Brinton Lykes and Amelia Mallona * The White girl in me, the Colored girl in you, and the lesbian in us: Crossing boundaries / Medria L. Connolly and Debra A. Noumair * White educators as allies: Moving from awareness to action / Sandra M. Lawrence and Beverly Daniel Tatum * Interrupting historical patterns: Bridging race and gender gaps between senior White men and other organizational groups / Nancie Zane * Home/work: Antiracism activism and the meaning of Whiteness / Becky Thompson and White Women Challenging Racism
KW  - *Ethnic Identity
KW  - *Racial and Ethnic Relations
KW  - *Racism
KW  - *Sociocultural Factors
KW  - *Whites
KW  - academia
KW  - Achievement
KW  - activism
KW  - America
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Art
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Book
KW  - City
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical race theory
KW  - Culture & Ethnology [2930].
KW  - discourses
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Feminism
KW  - fiction
KW  - film
KW  - Gender
KW  - girls
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Intimacy
KW  - Life
KW  - masculinity
KW  - Mass Media
KW  - meaning
KW  - media
KW  - Memory
KW  - methods
KW  - Narratives
KW  - New York
KW  - Performance
KW  - play
KW  - Policy
KW  - Politics
KW  - power
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Race
KW  - Race and Ethnic Discrimination
KW  - Racial and Ethnic Differences
KW  - racial identity
KW  - Racism
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - relationships
KW  - representation
KW  - role of culture & academics & politics & media & theories of racism in context of White identity & social class & sexuality
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Sexuality
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - stories
KW  - Study
KW  - Survival
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Television
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - US
KW  - Whites
KW  - Work
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Making the claim that "White is a color," this book brings an analysis of the White racialization process to the multicultural discussion. The contributors hail primarily from the fields of education and psychology but draw from the arenas of critical race theory, feminism, cultural studies, queer theory, and postcolonial thinking to argue that White identity, class, and sexuality are essential sites for studying racism. The opening section explodes the concept of Whiteness by examining how it is embodied and institutionalized in schools and workplaces. Contributors "out" their institutions in order to reveal how racism is firmly established in institutional structures, policies, relationships, and identities. Other essays tackle the privileges associated with Whiteness; pro-White racism; White, working class men's narratives; how Whiteness is embedded in intimacy; and the implications of Whiteness in print and media. The book concludes with a look at the possibilities that lie within multiracial ethnic coalition work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-415-91301-2 (hardcover), 0-415-91302-0 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1424
T1  - Thinking, learning, and reading: The situated sociocultural mind
A1  - Gee,James Paul
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1997-08646-008 LG - English IN - Gee, James Paul: Clark U, Worcester, MA, US SO - Kirshner, David I (Ed); Whitson, James A (Ed). (1997). Situated cognition: Social, semiotic, and psychological perspectives. (pp. 235-259). ix, 323 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Concept Formation
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Mind
KW  - *Reading Development
KW  - *Sociocultural Factors
KW  - Book
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognitive & Perceptual Development [2820].
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Death
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - implications for education & multicultural classrooms
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - mind
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Science
KW  - situated & sociocultural nature & model of mind & concept acquisition & word meaning & language & reading & literacy & learning
KW  - sociocultural approach
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Stress
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Word Meaning
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 235
EP  - 259
N2  - (from the chapter) This chapter is ultimately about reading. I first look at how children acquire the concepts associated with words. This suggests a view of mind, meaning and learning that stresses the situation and sociocultural nature of all of them and contains important implications for educational theory and practice. Then I turn to the nature of reading, both in terms of textual types (genres) and content, arguing that the model of concept acquisition sketched earlier is also a model of reading. Finally, I briefly discuss the implications of this model in the context of debates over the death of the literary canon and proposals for critical or resistant reading. I do this because I want to suggest how talk about the mind, far from precluding political discussion, invites it. /// The approach I take in this chapter is an attempt to render the notion of situated cognition (and situated word meaning) accessible and usable for readers from a variety of backgrounds while taking a particular perspective on it. /// My account is my version of a way to combine work on connectionism, concept formation, reflective practice, cultural models, and the sociology of science with an account of how children acquire the meanings of words and a sociocultural approach to language and literacy. The final goal, however, is to say something that is applicable to the practices and values of education in regard to multicultural classrooms and a multicultural world. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2037-X (hardcover), 0-8058-2038-8 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1425
T1  - Teaching is a scholarly activity: The idea-centered approach to introducing psychology. [References]
A1  - Gray,Peter
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1997-08480-003 LG - English IN - Gray, Peter: Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA, US SO - Sternberg, Robert J (Ed). (1997). Teaching introductory psychology: Survival tips from the experts. (pp. 49-64). xi, 193 pp. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - argument
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - critical thought
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Human
KW  - idea-centered teaching to promote students' intellectual engagement & critical thought with & about psychology
KW  - introductory psychology
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Survival
KW  - Teacher Characteristics
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - thought
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing assignments
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 64
N2  - (from the chapter) In this chapter the author describes the general goal of idea-centered teaching and some specific means for achieving that goal. The means include lectures that focus explicitly on ideas and arguments; the complementary rather than redundant use of lectures and textbook; tests that focus on reasons and evidence; writing assignments that promote thought rather than regurgitation; and specific techniques to help students focus their attention on ideas and evidence as they read their textbook, listen to lectures, and review for tests. The desired result being to promote students' intellectual engagement and critical thought with and about psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-55798-417-4 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1426
T1  - Reading process: Transactional theory in action
A1  - Karolides,Nicholas J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1997-97465-001 LG - English IN - Karolides, Nicholas J.: U Wisconsin, River Falls, WI, US SO - Karolides, Nicholas J (Ed). (1997). Reader response in elementary classrooms: Quest and discovery. (pp. 3-28). xiv, 368 pp. Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Literature
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Responses
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Theories
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - Attention
KW  - Book
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - elementary school
KW  - Elementary School Students
KW  - Elementary Schools
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading process
KW  - Responses
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - schools
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - transactional theory in teaching of & responses to literature & reading process
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - Wisconsin
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 28
N2  - (from the chapter) The transactional theory of literature is the formal name for what is commonly identified as the reader-response theory or reader-response approach. This theory of reading literature is significantly influencing the teaching of literature and reading. Reader response theory is in large measure responsible for the literature-based reading curriculum that is now a major presence in elementary schools. /// Recognizing the role of the reader in the reading act is the underpinning of the theory, along with the critical understanding that reading is a process. The role and functioning of the reader in this process in relation to the text is explored in detail in this chapter. How the process works and how readers achieve meaning are explained. Discussion of features of the meaning-making activity--selective attention, stance, validity, and the text itself--round out the discussion. Two classroom scenarios demonstrate the theory in action. These, 1 set in the Virgin Islands, the other in the Midwest, illustrate the roles of students and teachers as they share responses to the text of a poem and an historical novel. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2260-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1427
T1  - Learning to teach: A critical approach to field experiences
A1  - Adams,Natalie G.
A1  - Shea,Christine Mary
A1  - Liston,Delores D.
A1  - Deever,Bryan
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1998-07181-000 LG - English IN - Adams, Natalie G.: Oklahoma State U, Stillwater, OK, US SO - (1998). xvi, 150 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Preface Some important terms and concepts A note on observing in classrooms Notes Section 1. Preobservational activities: The exploration of self Section 2. Regulating the "schooled" body Section 3. Pedagogy and school cultures: Issues of race, class, and gender Section 4. The school as an ecosystem Section 5. After the field experience: Now what? Index
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *Student Teaching
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom practice
KW  - classroom practices
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical & reflective approach to school environment & educational processes in pre- & in-service teacher education & in-school field experience
KW  - Culture
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Ecosystem
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Gender
KW  - Human
KW  - inservice teachers
KW  - instructional material for pre- & in-service teachers
KW  - Learning
KW  - Note
KW  - Observation
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Race
KW  - School
KW  - school culture
KW  - school environment
KW  - self
KW  - Student
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - teacher preparation
KW  - Teachers
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) This books engages readers in a series of classroom and school-based activities, observations, and exercises that can be used in any teacher preparation course with a field component. It is designed to assist preservice and inservice teachers in creating a critical and reflective dialogue with themselves, their assigned classroom cultures, and the larger school environment. /// At the heart of this book is a re-viewing of the notion of the field experience, which, typically, asks the student to take the position of an "objective" and "neutral" observer of classroom practices. This text aims to disrupt this concept of teacher education and field experiences by assisting preservice and inservice teachers to take a critical look at, and reflect on, school and the politics of schooling. The problematic nature and dynamics of public schooling are emphasized, and readers are encouraged to seek a greater awareness of their own attitudes toward and connections with these educational processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2446-4 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1428
T1  - Opportunities for critical literacy and pedagogy in student-authored hypermedia
A1  - Myers,Jamie
A1  - Hammett,Roberta
A1  - McKillop,Ann Margaret
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1998-07502-003 LG - English IN - Myers, Jamie: Pennsylvania State U, PA, US SO - Reinking, David (Ed); McKenna, Michael C (Ed); Labbo, Linda D (Ed); Kieffer, Ronald D (Ed). (1998). Handbook of literacy and technology: Transformations in a post-typographic world. (pp. 63-78). xxx, 379 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book CF - Sponsored by the National Reading Research Center, Oct, 1996, Atlanta, GA, US
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Hypermedia
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - context
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - critical pedagogy
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Literacy
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - self
KW  - semiotic analysis of critical literacies as students author hypermedia & linking critical literacies in hypermedia to critical pedagogy in the classroom
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technology
KW  - texts
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 78
N2  - (from the chapter) Describes moments of critical literacy as students author hypermedia within the context of critical pedagogy. When engaged in critical literacy, the author/reader pays particular attention to how texts represent meanings about the self and others, or meanings on the basis of a particular kind of self. Specific issues addressed include: a semiotic analysis of hypermedia authoring; aspects of critical literacy in hypermedia texts; and linking critical literacies in hypermedia to critical pedagogy in the classroom. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2642-4 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1429
T1  - Thinking critically about sources of information
A1  - Swartz,Robert J.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1999-02026-001 LG - English IN - Swartz, Robert J.: U Massachusetts, Boston, MA, US SO - Kodish, Susan Presby (Ed); Holston, Robert P (Ed). (1998). Developing sanity in human affairs. (pp. 37-54). xii, 440 pp. Westport, CT, US: Greenwood Press/Greenwood Publishing Group PT - Book PT - Edited Book CF - International Interdisciplinary Conference on General Semantics, 11th, Nov, 1995, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, US CN - Chapters in this book were presented at this conference NT - This chapter is a modified version of material from chapter 12 of "Infusing critical and creative thinking into content instruction: A lesson design handbook for the elementary grades"", by R. Swartz and S. Parks (Pacific Grove, CA; Critical Thinking Books & Software, 1995)
KW  - *Cognitive Processes
KW  - *Credibility
KW  - *Psycholinguistics
KW  - *Semantics
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Cognitive Processes [2340].
KW  - content
KW  - creative thinking
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - general semantics/psycholinguistics methods for critical cognitive processing & teaching methods concerning reliability of information sources
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - lesson plan
KW  - lesson plans
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Observation
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading materials
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Secondary Education
KW  - Semantics
KW  - Skill
KW  - Software
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 54
N2  - The cognitive steps used in critically determining the source and reliability of information are presented along with psycholinguistic/general semantics techniques of verifying the truth of reports, observations and propositions. The authors then present an example of a secondary education level course to teach youths these skills. Lesson plans, objectives, reading materials, and tasks for applying what has been learned are included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-313-30613-3 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1430
T1  - Teaching writing and critical thinking
A1  - Addison,William E.
A1  - Ault,Ruth L.
A1  - Dunn,Dana S.
A1  - Lawson,Timothy J.
A1  - Smith,Randolph A.
A1  - Hubbard,Richard W.
A1  - Ritchie,Kathy L.
A1  - Hatcher,Joe W.J.
A1  - Connor-Greene,Patricia A.
A1  - VanderStoep,Scott W.
A1  - Shaughnessy,John J.
A1  - Anisfeld,Moshe
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1998-06631-013 LG - English IN - Addison, William E.: Eastern Illinois U, Charleston, IL, US SO - Ware, Mark E (Ed); Brewer, Charles L (Ed). (1999). Handbook for teaching statistics and research methods (2nd ed.). (pp. 227-247). vii, 287 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Scientific Communication
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Writing Skills
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - Illinois
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - methods
KW  - Organization
KW  - Peer Evaluation
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Review
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching APA style & collaborative writing & peer review techniques & critical & scientific thinking in research methodology courses
KW  - teaching writing
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 227
EP  - 247
N2  - (from the book) "Student Research Proposals in the Experimental Psychology Course" by W. E. Addison (no PsycINFO record) /// "What Goes Where? An Activity to Teach the Organization of Journal Articles" by R. L. Ault /// "Collaborative Writing in a Statistics and Research Methods Course" by D. S. Dunn /// "Formatting APA Pages in WordPerfect: An Update" by T. J. Lawson et al (no PsycINFO record) /// "The Human Subjects Review Procedure: An Exercise in Critical Thinking for Undergraduate Experimental Psychology Students" by R. W. Hubbard et al /// "Using Riddles to Introduce the Process and Experience of Scientific Thinking" by J. W. Hatcher, Jr. /// "From the Laboratory to the Headlines: Teaching Critical Evaluation of Press Reports of Research" by P. A. Connor-Greene /// "Taking a Course in Research Methods Improves Reasoning about Real-Life Events" by S. W. VanderStoep et al /// "A Course to Develop Competence in Critical Reading of Empirical Research in Psychology" by M. Anisfeld /// All articles were previously published in Teaching of Psychology and were covered in the PsycINFO database at the time of original publication. See records 1991-22700-001; 1996-03904-008; 1995-41999-001; 1990-29499-001; 1994-15380-001; 1997-03858-008; 1988-37032-001, respectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3049-9 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1431
T1  - Empathy: The cornerstone of counseling. [References]
A1  - Fernald,Peter S.
A1  - Fernald,L.Dodge
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1999-02246-083 LG - English IN - Fernald, Peter S.: U New Hampshire, Durham, NH, US Fernald, L. Dodge: Harvard U, Cambridge, MA, US SO - Benjamin, Ludy T (Ed); Nodine, Barbara F (Ed); Ernst, Randal M (Ed); Broeker, Charles Blair (Ed). (1999). Activities handbook for the teaching of psychology, Vol. 4. (pp. 393-396). xiii, 408 pp. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Counseling
KW  - *Empathy
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - Book
KW  - Counseling
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530]; Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling [3310].
KW  - Empathy
KW  - English
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - play
KW  - projection
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology Education
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Role
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 393
EP  - 396
N2  - (from the chapter) This activity addresses the concept of empathy, considered by counselors to be a critical, if not the most essential, feature of any approach to counseling. Reading a brief passage taken from an actual counseling session, the instructor plays the role of a sad and struggling client. Students are provided with 10 statements that a counselor might think or say in reaction to what the client said. The task is to identify which statements are empathic and which are not empathic. The activity provides students with the opportunity to imagine themselves in the role of counselor and to consider what they might or might not say, assuming their primary intentions were to be empathic. In the writing component, the concept of projection is compared and contrasted with the concept of empathy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-55798-537-5 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1432
T1  - Learning to evaluate literature
A1  - Pinsent,Chanda K.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1999-02317-011 LG - English IN - Pinsent, Chanda K.: St. Andrew's Independent School, George Town, Bahamas SO - Thompson, George Brian (Ed); Nicholson, Tom (Ed). (1999). Learning to read: Beyond phonics and whole language. (pp. 227-253). xii, 269 pp. New York, NY, US: Teachers College Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Evaluation
KW  - *Experiential Learning
KW  - *Literature
KW  - *Reading Ability
KW  - *Reading Development
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Book
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Cognitive & Perceptual Development [2820].
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - College
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Criticism
KW  - educator
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences of & child responses to the development of critical reading ability through a child's evaluation of & critical thinking about child literature
KW  - Human
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning to read
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - New York
KW  - Phonics
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - US
KW  - Work
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 227
EP  - 253
N2  - (from the chapter) Addresses what it is to be a critical reader of literature, and, more specifically, a critical child reader of children's literature. The key components of this process are experience and response. While the experience is the internal and private construction of meaning, the reader's response is the expression about that experience. The response is that part of the reading and learning experience that is available to the educator, it can measure comprehension or engage readers in discussion. Responses can be categorized into several types based on the purpose the reader has for responding. One of these categories is the evaluative response, or expression of criticism. The purpose of criticism is to apply criteria to a reading experience to evaluate and justify the personal reaction to the work. This chapter addresses the ability of young children to evaluate the literature they read and, in particular, the ability to objectify the reading experience and the ability to take multiple perspectives on the experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8077-3792-5 (hardcover), 0-8077-3791-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1433
T1  - The methodology of meta-analysis
A1  - Cooper,Harris
A1  - Valentine,Jeffrey C.
A1  - Charlton,Kelly
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2000-07514-008 LG - English IN - Cooper, Harris: U Missouri, Columbia, MO, US SO - Gersten, Russell Monroe (Ed); Schiller, Ellen P (Ed); Vaughn, Sharon (Ed). (2000). Contemporary special education research: Syntheses of the knowledge base on critical instructional issues. (pp. 263-280). xi, 341 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Meta Analysis
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - challenge
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Human
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methodology of meta-analysis in special education
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260]; Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - special education
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 263
EP  - 280
N2  - (from the chapter) Few disciplines present as much challenge to the research synthesist as does special education. The challenge arises primarily from the wide variety of research designs, outcome measures, and diagnostic labels that characterize research in special education. In this chapter, the authors describe some statistical techniques frequently used by research synthesists who choose to quantitatively combine the results of related studies. The authors also delineate the threats to validity that enter the synthesis process during the data analysis stage. First, however, the authors describe some of the critical events in the evolution of quantitative research synthesis procedures and make reference to places where readers can find fuller treatments of the issues touched on here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2879-6 (hardcover), 0-8058-2880-X (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1434
T1  - Reading tests
A1  - Flippo,Rona F.
A1  - Schumm,Jeanne Shay
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 1999-04238-013 LG - English IN - Flippo, Rona F.: Fitchburg State Coll, Fitchburg, MA, US SO - Flippo, Rona F (Ed); Caverly, David C (Ed). (2000). Handbook of college reading and study strategy research. (pp. 403-472). xx, 509 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Reading Achievement
KW  - *Reading Skills
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - College
KW  - Educational Measurement [2227]; Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - English
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading test
KW  - reading tests
KW  - Research
KW  - selection & use & shortcomings of conventional college reading tests
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - study strategies
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 403
EP  - 472
N2  - (from the chapter) This chapter delineates several critical issues related to the shortcomings of conventional reading tests. The purpose is to engage college reading practitioners and administrators in the kind of deliberation that is needed to make informed decisions about test selection. The authors examine test specifications, technical and structural considerations, and the types and purposes of many available tests to help practitioners make optimum use of these resources. An appendix of selected commercial tests with test specifications appears at the end of the chapter to guide practitioners in selecting appropriate tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3003-0 (hardcover), 0-8058-3004-9 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1435
T1  - Contemporary special education research: Syntheses of the knowledge base on critical instructional issues
A1  - Gersten,Russell Monroe
A1  - Schiller,Ellen P.
A1  - Vaughn,Sharon
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2000-07514-000 LG - English IN - Gersten, Russell Monroe: U Oregon, Eugene Research Inst, Eugene, OR, US SO - (2000). xi, 341 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book TC - Foreword [by] Joanna P. Williams Preface [by] Russell Gersten, Ellen P. Schiller and Sharon Vaughn * What instruction works for students with learning disabilities? Summarizing the results from a meta-analysis of intervention studies / H. Lee Swanson / 1-30 * The professional knowledge base on instructional practices that support cognitive growth for English-language learners / Russell Gersten and Scott Baker / 31-79 * Reading differences between low-achieving students with and without learning disabilities: A meta-analysis / Doug Fuchs, Lynn S. Fuchs, Patricia G. Mathes and Mark W. Lipsey / 81-104 * How reading outcomes of students with disabilities are related to instructional grouping formats: A meta-analytic review / Batya Elbaum, Sharon Vaughn, Marie Tejero Hughes, Sally Watson Moody and Jeanne Shay Schumm / 105-135 * A meta-analysis of positive behavior support / Janet G. Marquis, Robert H. Horner, Edward G. Carr, Ann P. Turnbull, Marilyn Thompson, Gene Ann Behrens, Darlene Magito-McLaughlin, Michelle L. McAtee, Christopher E. Smith, Kaarin Anderson Ryan and Ajit Doolabh / 137-178 * Technology, literacy, and disabilities: A review of the research / Cynthia M. Okolo, Albert R. Cavalier, Ralph P. Ferretti and Charles A. MacArthur / 179-250 * Research syntheses: Implications for research and practice / Ellen P. Schiller and David B. Malouf / 251-262 * The methodology of meta-analysis / Harris Cooper, Jeffrey C. Valentine, and Kelly Charlton / 263-280 * Policy decisions in special education: The role of meta-analysis / Kenneth A. Kavale and Steven R. Forness / 281-326 Author index Subject index
KW  - *Educational Program Planning
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Special Education Students
KW  - *Student Characteristics
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior
KW  - behavior support
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - English language learners
KW  - Experience
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Gender
KW  - Gene
KW  - grouping
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional practices
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - Literacy
KW  - low achieving students
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - professional knowledge
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - special education
KW  - Special Education Students
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Characteristics
KW  - student characteristics & design & development of instructional interventions
KW  - Students
KW  - students with disabilities
KW  - students with learning disabilities
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Characteristics
KW  - Technology
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - The LEA series on special education and disability
N2  - (from the foreword) One of the main themes of research in special education--perhaps its main theme--is intervention. How can we design and develop instructional interventions that will yield the most effective outcomes? The "special" in education implies that special populations require special kinds of instruction. We know that in many situations special education students need a distinctive approach to instruction, involving a slower pace, a more elaborated sequence of steps, extensive practice, and clear feedback. What other characteristics of instruction are especially suitable for these students? In special education we look for matches between students and intervention. /// Meta-analysis helps us focus on the interaction of student characteristics such as age, gender, and disability status with factors like variation in materials, such as type of test used in reading instruction; methodological variables, such as amount of instruction; and teacher characteristics, such as years of classroom experience. Do those or other intervention factors affect educational outcomes? If so, are the differences in outcomes substantial enough to be taken into account in the development of large-scale instructional interventions? (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-2879-6 (hardcover), 0-8058-2880-X (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1436
T1  - Writing and reading relationships: Constructive tasks. [References]
A1  - Langer,Judith A.
A1  - Flihan,Sheila
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2001-05829-005 LG - English IN - Langer, Judith A.: U Albany, Ctr for English Learning & Achievement, Albany, NY, US SO - Indrisano, Roselmina (Ed); Squire, James R (Ed). (2000). Perspectives on writing: Research, theory, and practice. (pp. 112-139). vii, 368 pp. Newark, DE, US: International Reading Association PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Language Arts Education
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Social Environments
KW  - *Written Communication
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Affect
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Cognitive & Perceptual Development [2820]; Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - Communication
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Critical Theory
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - inquiry
KW  - instruction
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - Note
KW  - practice
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Development
KW  - reading process
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - School
KW  - social relations
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing & reading interrelationships
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 112
EP  - 139
N2  - (from the chapter) Notes that the small but intense body of scholarship and research into the interrelationships between writing and reading have focused on, among other things, the ways in which those relationships might affect learning and inform instruction. A concomitant wave of research into the social dimensions of writing and reading, with an eye to their actual functions and uses, moved the target of theory and research toward contextualized practice within real life and real school situations. As the object of inquiry became more contextualized, similarities and differences in the writing and reading processes and their interrelationships became less focal. The authors review these changes and call for a renewed yet somewhat changed research focus on the uses of reading and writing and the ways in which they interact in relation to the contexts and social relations in which they are embedded. Informed by sociohistorical, sociocognitive, and critical theory as well as psychology, linguistics, anthrophology, and English, this renewed focus examines the ways in which reading and writing function in the development and communication of ideas and understandings in the social, private, and internal worlds of people and groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-87207-268-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1437
T1  - A community of readers: A thematic approach to reading (2nd ed.)
A1  - Alexander,Roberta
A1  - Lombardi,Jan
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2000-12299-000 LG - English IN - Alexander, Roberta: San Diego City Coll, San Diego, CA, US SO - (2001). xxiii, 680 pp. New York, NY, US: Longman/Addison Wesley Longman PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) To the instructor To the student The reading process (PRO): Celebrating self and community Working with words: Computer technology Topics and main ideas: Living on earth Support for main ideas: Staying well Patterns of organization: Where we live Interpreting visual aids: Working and choosing a career Inferences and reading literature: Dealing with gender Facts and opinions: Living in a diverse society Critical thinking: Looking back/looking forward Extend your thinking: Additional readings and exercises A reader's toolkit Credits Index
KW  - *Learning Strategies
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Book
KW  - Career
KW  - challenge
KW  - City
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community of readers
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Gender
KW  - gender issues
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - New York
KW  - Organization
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading process
KW  - reading skill
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - schema
KW  - self
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - undergraduate textbook for approach to reading & learning process
KW  - US
KW  - Visual Aid
KW  - words
KW  - Writing
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the foreword) This book provides college students with guided, in-depth instruction in all segments of the reading and learning process: reading, discussing, writing, and critical thinking. This textbook emphasizes student involvement in the stages of the reading process (prereading, active reading, postreading activities, and critical reflection). Each chapter presents an essential reading skill and challenges students to master it with readings and exercises focused on a unifying theme. Because each chapter of the text builds on a single theme, students have the time to develop schema and exchange knowledge on a particular theme or issue. Themes include working and choosing a career, gender issues, living in a diverse society, staying healthy, and computer knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-321-04594-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1438
T1  - Training in ethical influence. [References]
A1  - Cialdini,Robert B.
A1  - Sagarin,Brad J.
A1  - Rice,William E.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2001-01065-008 LG - English IN - Cialdini, Robert B.: Arizona State U, Tempe, AZ, US SO - Darley, John M (Ed); Messick, David M (Ed); Tyler, Tom R (Ed). (2001). Social influences on ethical behavior in organizations. (pp. 137-153). x, 246 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - US CF - Meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Apr, 1997, Seattle, WA, US CN - Some of the findings reported here were presented initially at the aforementioned meeting, the January 1998 Kellogg Graduate School of Business's Conference on Social Influence and Ethics in Organizations in Evanston, Illinois, and the August 1998 meeting of the American Psychological Association in San Francisco, California
KW  - *Advertising
KW  - *Authority
KW  - *Deception
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Resistance
KW  - ads
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Advertising
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - authority principle
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - business
KW  - California
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - deception
KW  - English
KW  - ethical influence
KW  - Ethics
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - Illinois
KW  - illusions of invulnerability
KW  - Marketing & Advertising [3940].
KW  - Messages
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - persuasive advertising
KW  - Persuasive Communication
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Resistance
KW  - respect
KW  - Responses
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - School
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 153
N2  - (from the book) Describes a training program devised to teach Ss how to differentiate between honest and dishonest uses of the authority principle in persuasive appeals and how to protect themselves from being misled by deceptive forms. Two experiments were designed to teach critical appraisal of authority-based messages (advertisements). In Exp 1, 241 undergraduates were randomly assigned to either a tutorial or control condition. After reading the tutorial or control text, Ss rated 6 authority-based ads. The presence of the tutorial interacted significantly with type of authority with respect to ad persuasiveness; the tutorial made Ss not more generally resistant to advertising but rather more discriminating about it. In Exp 2, 130 undergraduates were assigned to either a tutorial or control condition and rated the same series of ads. One to 4 days later, a delayed questionnaire was administered where Ss were asked to evaluate articles and ads in a newspaper insert. It was found that the impact of the tutorial on immediate responses found in Exp 1 was replicated in Exp 2. The effects of the tutorial persevered 1-4 days after the experiment. Exp 3, designed to highlight illusions of invulnerability in 320 undergraduate Ss, demonstrated that Ss could in fact be fooled by deceptive ads. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3330-7 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1439
T1  - Transformative professional practice: Personal construct approaches to education and research. [References]
A1  - Denicolo,Pamela M.
A1  - Pope,Maureen L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2002-02196-000 LG - English IN - Denicolo, Pamela M.: U Reading, Dept of Professional Education & Community Studies, Reading, England Pope, Maureen L.: U Reading, Dept of Professional Education & Community Studies, Reading, England SO - (2001). xix, 198 pp. Philadelphia, PA, US: Whurr Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - Foreword Prologue Alternative perspectives on education and training Personal construct psychology approaches in education Alternative constructions of educational research Practical considerations in the use of repertory grid techniques Beyond the grid Developing an appropriate climate Transformative applications Conclusions: Answers none but choice aplenty References Index
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Personality Theory
KW  - Book
KW  - choice
KW  - Climate
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - guidance
KW  - Human
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - personal construct psychology
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Professional Psychological & Health Personnel Issues [3400].
KW  - professionals
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Combining critical refelectivity and pragmatic guidance, this book is designed to meet the needs of professionals in the public and private sector whose work involves them in developing their own and others' knowledge and practice. The book begins by providing a referenced review of the philosophies and theories underpinning current approaches to professional education as a basis for demonstrating the particular salience and implications of a personal construct psychology approach for practice and research. This establishes a conceptual framework for the extensive practical guidance which follows on how to implement, with rigour and sensitivity, a range of techniques from the traditional structured repertory grid to more flexible innovative strategies for exploring how the world is or might be construed. A selection of exemplar applications from a variety of fields of professional practice illustrates the elasticity of the approach and methods, challenging readers to adapt the ideas presented as a catalytic resource to the development of professional practice and research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-86156-199-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1440
T1  - Teaching readings? [References]
A1  - Mellor,Bronwyn
A1  - Patterson,Annette
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2001-01225-008 LG - English IN - Mellor, Bronwyn: Chalkface Press, Australia SO - Comber, Barbara (Ed); Simpson, Anne (Ed). (2001). Negotiating critical literacies in classrooms. (pp. 119-134). xxi, 290 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - Australia
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Australia
KW  - Book
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading practices
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Literacy
KW  - personal thinking
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading practices
KW  - readings
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Students
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching reading
KW  - Thinking
KW  - US
KW  - Western Australia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 119
EP  - 134
N2  - (from the preface) Reconsiders the nature and effects of critical reading practices. Through an examination of their own countersexist curriculum materials and their use in upper primary Western Australian classrooms, they question the extent to which critical literacy requires fundamental shifts in personal thinking, ethical and ideological positions, and to what extent might it be helpful to think about the critical reading as learned practices that foster alternative normative positions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3793-0 (hardcover), 0-8058-3794-9 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1441
T1  - What introductory psychology students attend to on a course syllabus. [References]
A1  - Becker,Angela H.
A1  - Calhoon,Sharon K.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2001-18612-006 LG - English IN - Becker, Angela H.: Indiana U, Dept of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Kokomo, IN, US SO - Griggs, Richard A (Ed). (2002). Handbook for teaching introductory psychology: Vol. 3: With an emphasis on assessment. (pp. 14-19). ix, 257 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - US
KW  - *Advance Organizers
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - College Students
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Goals
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Information
KW  - introductory psychology
KW  - introductory psychology class
KW  - Male
KW  - Policy
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology students
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - syllabus information
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
N2  - (create) This reprinted article originally appeared in Teaching of Psychology, 1999, 26(1), 6-11. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1999-00754-001.) Before receiving their introductory psychology syllabus, and again at the end of the semester, 863 students rated how much they would attend to 29 syllabus items. Dates of exams and assignments received the highest initial ratings; course information, withdrawal dates, and titles and authors of readings received the lowest. First-semester students attended more than continuing students to prerequisites, location of materials, holidays, support services, and late assignment and academic dishonesty policies and less to types of tests and assignments. Nontraditional students attended more to course goals, titles and authors of readings, and type of assignments than did traditional students and less to holidays and late assignment and academic dishonesty policies. Across all students, ratings of 18 items changed significantly over time (15 getting less attention). Instructors need to adopt strategies to focus attention on information to which students pay relatively little attention but that is critical for success. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3921-6 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1442
T1  - Images across culture: Exploring advertising in the diverse classroom. [References]
A1  - Fox,Roy F.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2002-00737-006 LG - English IN - Fox, Roy F.: U Missouri, Columbia, MO, US SO - Fleckenstein, Kristie S (Ed); Calendrillo, Linda T (Ed); Worley, Demetrice A (Ed). (2002). Language and image in the reading-writing classroom: Teaching vision. (pp. 119-134). xviii, 244 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Advertising
KW  - *Language Arts Education
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - ads
KW  - Advertising
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - Communication
KW  - constructed meaning
KW  - contemporary advertising
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Culture
KW  - English
KW  - images
KW  - Language
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy development
KW  - Marketing & Advertising [3940]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - meaning
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students communicated
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thought
KW  - US
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 119
EP  - 134
N2  - (from the chapter) This chapter describes what happened when a diverse group of students explored contemporary advertising. Their teacher, Betty Belcher, and I wanted to examine how these students constructed meaning when they were immersed in selected, contemporary, powerful ads. We wanted to observe their critical thinking within the context of their literacy development. We wanted to know (a) how students communicated about the ads' topics and issues, (b) how they read and interpreted advertising's printed and visual texts, (c) how they wrote about ads and their related issues, and (d) how they designed their own ads and what they thought about them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3940-2 (hardcover), 0-8058-3941-0 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1443
T1  - Teaching idea development: A standards-based critical-thinking approach to writing. [References]
A1  - Hatton,Sharon Crawford
A1  - Ladd,Pam Leneave
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2001-18484-000 LG - English SO - (2002). xv, 121 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Preface About the authors Part I: Implementing idea development in the classroom Promoting effective writing Identifying and solving common idea development problems Part II: Strategies for teaching idea development Purposeful details Description Comparison and contrast Cause and effect Dialogue Anecdotes Vignettes Analysis Conclusion References
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - *Written Communication
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - content
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - idea development
KW  - Kentucky
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - school environment
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - US
KW  - Vignettes
KW  - Work
KW  - writers
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Idea development is a concrete skill that can be taught in a systematic way. This this step-by-step guide provides educators in all content areas with the tools they need to help students think more critically and write with more fully developed ideas. S. C. Hatton and P. L. Ladd, instructors with the Kentucky Writing Program, offer reading-writing-thinking sequences that successful writers use when developing ideas. This resource contains ideas teachers in intermediate, middle, or secondary schools can implement immediately. Most important, the strategies and tactics offered are designed to work in the current highly rigorous, standards-based school environment, providing results that are both successful and measurable. "Teaching Idea Development" explores the theory and practice of implementing idea development in the classroom, from identifying and solving common idea-development problems to strategies for teaching essential writing skills, including: description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, dialogue, anecdotes, and vignettes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-7619-7758-9 (hardcover), 0-7619-7759-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1444
T1  - Concepts in composition: Theory and practice in the teaching of writing
A1  - Clark,Irene L.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2003-02419-000 LG - English IN - Clark, Irene L.: California State U, Northridge, CA, US SO - (2003). xxi, 568 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book TC - (Abbreviated) Preface * Process / Irene L. Clark / 1-29 * Invention / Irene L. Clark * Revision / Betty Bamberg * Audience / Irene L. Clark / 141-160 * Assessing writing / Julie Neff Lippman / 199-220 * Genre / Irene L. Clark * Voice / Darsie Bowden * Grammar and usage / James D. Williams * Non-native speakers of English / John R. Edlund * Language and diversity / Sharon Klein * Electronic writing spaces / Lisa Gerrard Appendix 1: Developing effective writing assignments Appendix 2: Developing a syllabus Author index Subject index
KW  - *Language Arts Education
KW  - *Rhetoric
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - *Writing Skills
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom teaching
KW  - composition
KW  - Conception
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Conversation
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - discipline
KW  - diversity
KW  - English
KW  - Grammar
KW  - Human
KW  - Language
KW  - practice
KW  - prospective teachers
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reflection
KW  - rhetoric
KW  - Role
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Student
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - theoretical concepts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing assignments
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the jacket) Focused on scholarship in rhetoric and composition over the past quarter-century, this book is designed to foster reflection on how theory impacts practice, enabling prospective teachers to develop their own comprehensive and coherent conception of what writing is or should be and to consider how people learn to write. This approach allows readers to assume the dual role of both teacher and student as they enter the conversation of the discipline and become familiar with some of the the critical issues. Each chapter addresses a particular theoretical concept relevant to classroom teaching and includes activities to help readers establish the connection between theoretical concepts and classroom lessons. A major premise is that only when prospective writing teachers understand this relationship will they be able to teach effectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3820-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1445
T1  - The rereading/rewriting process: Theory and collaborative, online pedagogy. [References]
A1  - Cornis-Pope,Marcel
A1  - Woodlief,Ann
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2003-04794-007 LG - English IN - Cornis-Pope, Marcel: Virginia Commonwealth U, English Dept, Richmond, VA, US Woodlief, Ann: Virginia Commonwealth U, English Dept, Richmond, VA, US SO - Helmers, Marguerite (Ed). (2003). Intertexts: Reading pedagogy in college writing classrooms. (pp. 153-172). xviii, 251 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Cooperative Learning
KW  - *Literature
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Written Language
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - collaborative process
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community of readers
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical rereading
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertext
KW  - hypertextual critical writing
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - interpretive community
KW  - Language Arts Education
KW  - literary interpretation
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - network-linked computers
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading process
KW  - readings
KW  - rewriting
KW  - Role
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - US
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 172
N2  - (create) This chapter opens with models of critical rereading/rewriting. The authors recommend their re-creative pedagogical model of literary interpretation based on strategies of rereading/rewriting as part of a community of readers. Although the focus is on the teaching of literature, these strategies can be adapted to the study of any kind of text, and have also been used as a model for interpreting visual types of expression. The pedagogy enacts a hypertextual and collaborative reading process based on the authors' discovery that a rereading process can be enacted with the aid of Web or network-linked computers, well-developed teaching protocols, and extensive response writing. The reading/writing process needs to be done collectively and comparatively, negotiating questions and meanings within a larger interpretive community. The teacher's role in this pedagogy is that of a coach and facilitator who can deliver useful information and respond as one member of this community of readers. The computer offers a number of ways in which readings of a work can be heard/seen, considered, compared, and even discarded, and meanings can be negotiated by every member of the class, not just a few vocal ones. Descriptions are given of first readings, rereadings, and hypertextual critical writing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4227-6 (hardcover), 0-8058-4498-8 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1446
T1  - The skeptical visionary: A Seymour Sarason education reader
A1  - Fried,Robert L.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2003-00564-000 LG - English IN - Fried, Robert L.: School of Education, Northeastern U, Boston, MA, US SO - (2003). xii, 296 pp. Philadelphia, PA, US: Temple University Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book TC - Editor's note and acknowledgments Editor's introduction: Seymour Sarason: Sculptor of ideas Part I: The teacher * Powerlessness unanticipated / Seymour Sarason / 13-18 * You know more than you think and more than they give you credit for / Seymour Sarason / 19-26 * Why teachers must also be psychologists / Seymour Sarason / 27-40 * Teaching as a lonely profession / Seymour Sarason / 41-45 * Power relationships in the classroom / Seymour Sarason / 46-57 * Constitutional issues in the classroom / Seymour Sarason / 58-69 * The "nonreading" professional / Seymour Sarason / 70-76 Part II: The school * The school culture and processes of change / Seymour Sarason / 79-91 * Underestimating complexity / Seymour Sarason / 92-97 * Programmatic and behavioral regularities / Seymour Sarason / 98-110 * Confronting intractability / Seymour Sarason / 111-116 * Conceptualizing the educational system / Seymour Sarason / 117-129 * Predictable features and problems in the creation of charter schools and other new organizational settings / Seymour Sarason / 130-143 Part III: Students and parents * Themes from childhood and adolescence / Seymour Sarason / 147-157 * Columbine High School and contexts of productive learning / Seymour Sarason / 158-170 * An overarching goal for students / Seymour Sarason / 171-182 * Students as teachers / Seymour Sarason / 183-192 * Parental involvement and power struggles: Applying the political principle to relationships with the school and beyond / Seymour Sarason / 193-209 * The governors: Teachers and parents / Seymour Sarason / 210-221 Part IV: The political and policy agenda * The non-learning, non-self-correcting system / Seymour Sarason / 225-233 * Are schools unique organizations? / Seymour Sarason / 234-244 * Our expectations of political leaders / Seymour Sarason / 245-255 * America's only serious education president / Seymour Sarason / 256-270 * What should we do? / Seymour Sarason / 271-284 Part IV: Tables of contents from Sarason's books on education
KW  - *Public School Education
KW  - *Theories of Education
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - America
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - career development
KW  - Childhood
KW  - choice
KW  - classroom
KW  - complexity
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Culture
KW  - Education
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educational reform
KW  - educational system
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - High School
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusive education
KW  - Learning
KW  - Note
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parent School Relationship
KW  - parental involvement
KW  - Parents
KW  - Policy
KW  - Politics
KW  - power
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Identity
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - public education
KW  - reform
KW  - relationships
KW  - rhetoric
KW  - S.Sarason
KW  - School
KW  - school culture
KW  - schools
KW  - skepticism
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher development
KW  - teacher education
KW  - teacher identity
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Vision
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
KW  - words
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the publicity materials) Seymour Sarason, in the words of C. Glickman, is "one of America's seminal thinkers about public education." For over four decades his has been a voice of much-needed skepticism about our plans for school reform, teacher training, and educational psychology. Now, for the first time, Sarason's essential writings on these and other issues are collected together, offering student and researcher alike with the range, depth, and originality of Sarason's contributions to American thinking on schooling. As we go from debate to debate on issues such as school choice, charter schools, inclusive education, national standards, and other problems that seem to drag on without solution, Sarason's critical stance on the folly of many of our attempts to fix schools has always had at the center a concern for the main players in our educational institutions: the students, the teachers and the parents. Any plans that cannot account for their well-being are doomed to failure. And in the face of such failure, the clarity of Sarason's vision for real educational success is a much-needed antidote to much of the rhetoric that currently passes for substantial debate. This volume is a wide-ranging and comprehensive selection of Sarason's most significant writings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-56639-979-3 (hardcover), 1-56639-980-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1447
T1  - World class teaching and learning in global times. [References]
A1  - Gaudelli,William
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2002-06631-000 LG - English IN - Gaudelli, William: U Central Florida, Orlando, FL, US SO - (2003). xxiii, 214 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book LO - US TC - Preface Personal prologue: A conversation about world teaching and learning I Contexts Where in the world have you been? An overview of global education Three schools at the international crossroads of New Jersey How can you fit a global village in a classroom? II Problems Global education as anti-American curriculum? Opening Pandora's box: Cultural relativism in global education Conversations about our houses of Mumbi: Identity in global education III Alternatives Rethinking nationalism, cultural relativism, and identity in global education Teachers as community intellectuals: Professional development in global education A new way to the world? Global times, global citizens Afterword Appendix: Methodology References Author index Subject index
KW  - *Multiculturalism
KW  - *Role Taking
KW  - *School Learning
KW  - *Social Studies Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - challenge
KW  - classroom
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - complexity
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Conversation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Florida
KW  - form
KW  - global education
KW  - global teaching
KW  - High School
KW  - High School Students
KW  - High School Teachers
KW  - high schools
KW  - Human
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - instruction
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Learning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Multiculturalism
KW  - Observation
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reflection
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - social studies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Most states require world teaching in some form, yet little is known about how teachers and students engage in this critical curricular area. This book directly fills this need by providing a detailed, inside look at global education in three high schools. The data from the study, drawn from extensive interviews and observations, illustrate the daily challenges and complexities of global teaching and learning. This book is organized in three parts: contexts, problems, and alternatives. Contexts allows readers to consider global education from multiple perspectives: teacher, student, administrator, community member, and scholar. Problems focuses on pedagogical challenges associated with global education. Alternatives provides reflection points that encourage readers to consider different ways we might converse about global teaching and learning. Written for scholars, practitioners, and students in social studies, curriculum and instruction, global/multicultural education, and related fields, World Class is an excellent text for preservice and graduate-level courses in these areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4078-8 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1448
T1  - Teaching and learning in a multilingual school: Choices, risks, and dilemmas. [References]
A1  - Goldstein,Tara
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2002-06785-000 LG - English IN - Goldstein, Tara: U Toronto, Ontario Inst for Studies in Education, ON, Canada SO - (2003). xxxii, 221 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book LO - Canada. Hong Kong TC - Series Forward [by] Sonia Nieto Preface A word about language Acknowledgements Contributors Introduction: Bilingual life and language choice at Northside Part I: Dilemmas of speech and silence Accepting and legitimizing multilingualism Promoting and legitimizing English Responding to silence Part II: Dilemmas of Discrimination Resisting anti-immigrant discourses and linguicism Oral presentations, accent discrimination, and linguistic privilege Conclusion: Challenging linguistic inequities in multilingual school communities Appendix A: Hong Kong, Canada [by] Tara Goldstein Appendix B: Critical educational ethnography in postmodern times Appendix C: Developing oral presentation skills [by] Judith Ngan References Author index Subject index
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Multilingualism
KW  - *Racial and Ethnic Differences
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - Canada & Hong Kong
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - children
KW  - choice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - cultural & racial differences
KW  - Culture
KW  - discourses
KW  - discrimination
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - first language
KW  - High School
KW  - Home
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - Male
KW  - multilingual
KW  - Multilingualism
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - Language, culture, and teaching
N2  - (from the cover) This book is for teachers and teaching educators working in communities that educate children who do not speak English as a first language. At the center of the book are findings from a 4-year critical ethnographic case study of a Canadian high school with a large number of immigrant students from Hong Kong and rich descriptions of the multitude of ways teachers and students thought about, responded to, and negotiated the issues and dilemmas that arose. The solutions and insights they derived from their experiences of working across linguistic, cultural, and racial differences will be extremely valuable to educators in other locales that have become home to large numbers of immigrant families. The book is designed to help readers think about how the issues and dilemmas in the case study manifest themselves in their own communities and how to apply the insights they gain to their own teaching and learning contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4016-8 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1449
T1  - The "nonreading" professional
A1  - Sarason,Seymour
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2003-00564-007 LG - English IN - Sarason, Seymour: Dept of Psychology, Yale U, New Haven, CT, US SO - Fried, Robert L (Ed). (2003). The skeptical visionary: A Seymour Sarason education reader. (pp. 70-76). xii, 296 pp. Philadelphia, PA, US: Temple University Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Professional Identity
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Teacher Attitudes
KW  - *Teacher Characteristics
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - children
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Knowledge Level
KW  - practitioners
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Identity
KW  - professionals
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - reading to stay informed
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher attitudes
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - words
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 70
EP  - 76
N2  - (from the chapter) Reprinted with permission from 'The 'Nonreading' Professional" in You Are Thinking of Teaching? Opportunities, Problems, Realities, 1993, Jossey-Bass, Inc. In This essay, Sarason does two things he rarely does: One is to be explicitly critical of teachers, and the other is to, in his words, "consciously and deliberately...sermonize." What goads him are the circumstances that combine to produce a nation of teachers of children and young adults who are, as educators, mostly nonreaders in their field. He laments teachers' failure "to want to know what others are thinking and writing because they feel they need to know in order to have the sense that they are intellectually-professionally alive and enlarging their horizons". The irony of teachers bemoaning "the fact that most students look upon books as uninteresting, unimportant and irrelevant to their lives" is not lost on him. He compares educators to other professionals and finds both a disturbing similarity among medical practitioners and a horror at the very idea that one's doctor or lawyer might "read next to nothing in his or her field." He asks, "Would you not consider finding someone else to whom to bring your problems?" (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-56639-979-3 (hardcover), 1-56639-980-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1450
T1  - Writing in Nursing Education and Nursing Practice. [References]
A1  - Alster,Kristine Beyerman
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-03776-010 LG - English IN - Alster, Kristine Beyerman: University of Massachusetts, College of Nursing, Boston, MA, US SO - Zamel, Vivian (Ed); Spack, Ruth (Ed). (2004). Crossing the curriculum: Multilingual learners in college classrooms. (pp. 163-180). xiii, 231 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Foreign Students
KW  - *Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - *Writing Skills
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550]; Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - College
KW  - college classrooms
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - multilingual
KW  - non-English students
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Observation
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - testing
KW  - texts
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing-to-learn
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 163
EP  - 180
N2  - (from the chapter) As Kristine Alster reflects on her teaching and questions her past assumptions about assigning and responding to student writing, she acknowledges the problems inherent in the professional texts nursing students are expected to read and emulate. Kristine recognizes that writing is critical not only for communicating ideas and observations clearly, but also for testing out and discovering knowledge, and she explains why a writing-to-learn approach is especially productive for students from non-English backgrounds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4691-3 (hardcover), 0-8058-4692-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1451
T1  - The measure of service learning: Research scales to assess student experiences. [References]
A1  - Bringle,Robert G.
A1  - Phillips,Mindy A.
A1  - Hudson,Michael
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2003-88367-000 LG - English IN - Bringle, Robert G.: Indiana U--Purdue U Indianapolis, Ctr for Service and Learning, IN, US Phillips, Mindy A.: Indiana U--Purdue U Indianapolis, IN, US Hudson, Michael: Indiana U--Purdue U Indianapolis, Adaptive Educational Services, IN, US SO - (2004). xiv, 230 pp. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Preface Acknowledgments I. Introduction to service learning and research * Understanding service learning / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 3-10 * Overview of scientific research and measurement / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 11-24 * The use of scales in service learning research / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 25-31 II. Research scales * Motives and values / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 35-61 * Moral development / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 63-96 * Self and self-concept / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 97-142 * Student development / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 143-163 * Attitudes / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 165-199 * Critical thinking / Robert G. Bringle, Mindy A. Phillips and Michael Hudson / 201-213 Glossary Index About the authors
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Community Involvement
KW  - *Measurement
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Community Services
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Learning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurement theory
KW  - Moral Development
KW  - practice
KW  - program evaluators
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - research scales
KW  - researchers
KW  - Scales
KW  - scientific research
KW  - self
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - service learning
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Experiences
KW  - Students
KW  - test reliability
KW  - test validity
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the jacket) Provides an extensive compilation of scales for use in studying students in service learning classes. The scales measure a variety of constructs, such as attitudes, moral development, and critical thinking. In addition, the text includes a primer on measurement theory. The authors advocate the use of multiple-item scales, present the rationale for their use, and explain how readers can evaluate them for reliability and validity. This book is a valuable resource for program evaluators and researchers who want to inform the practice of service learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-59147-077-3 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1452
T1  - Contributions to Evidence-Based Research. [References]
A1  - Chhabra,Vinita
A1  - McCardle,Peggy
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-06977-001 LG - English IN - Chhabra, Vinita: National Insts of Health, Child Health & Human Development Agency, Child Development and Behavior Branch, Center for Research for Mothers and Children, Bethesda, MD, US McCardle, Peggy: National Insts of Health, Child Health & Human Development Agency, National Reading Panel, Bethesda, MD, US SO - McCardle, Peggy (Ed); Chhabra, Vinita (Ed). (2004). The voice of evidence in reading research. (pp. 3-11). xxix, 496 pp. Baltimore, MD, US: Paul H Brookes Publishing PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Reading Ability
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - academic success
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child Health
KW  - children
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - educational policy
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Development
KW  - instruction
KW  - methods
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Policy
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Study
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 11
N2  - (from the chapter) The ability to read is both necessary and crucial for children's academic success. One of the most critical components of implementing effective reading instruction is using an approach that is based on scientific evidence, that is, using programs and approaches that are proven to be successful. This volume seeks to prepare members of the educational community to evaluate the quality of research studies so that they can decide for themselves which studies are trustworthy and provide sound evidence. It addresses the methods used to obtain research evidence and why those methods are important. To this end, this book shows practitioners, researchers, and educators the series of pragmatic steps that have shaped reading research, reading instruction, and educational policy in the past and present and will shape future research efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-55766-672-5 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1453
T1  - Owning significance: The critical incident technique in research
A1  - Kain,Daniel L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2003-88214-004 LG - English IN - Kain, Daniel L.: College of Education, Northern Arizona University, AZ, US SO - deMarrais, Kathleen (Ed); Lapan, Stephen D (Ed). (2004). Foundations for research: Methods of inquiry in education and the social sciences. (pp. 69-85). xiii, 432 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Meaning
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - College
KW  - Conversation
KW  - critical incident technique
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Human
KW  - inquiry
KW  - interest
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - methods
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260].
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher attitudes
KW  - teacher planning
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 69
EP  - 85
N2  - (create) In this chapter, the author begins with a conversation between two neighbors ("Elwood" and "Harvey") to demonstrate the commonsense appeal of the critical incident technique. People assign meanings to their experiences, and when we group together collections of such meanings in order to make sense of the world, we engage in a kind of research, a seeking of understanding. The critical incident technique provides a systematic means for gathering the significances others attach to events, analyzing the emerging patterns, and laying out tentative conclusions for the reader's consideration. Although it has positivistic roots, the critical incident technique does shift the focus of interest to a decidedly nonpositivistic target--the meanings individuals make of events in their lives. The author provides a brief example of how to conduct a critical incident study of joint teacher planning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-3650-0 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1454
T1  - Academic literacy: Readings and strategies (3rd ed.)
A1  - Lewis,Jill
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2004-14009-000 LG - English IN - Lewis, Jill: New Jersey State University, Jersey City, NJ, US SO - (2004). xviii, 682 pp. Boston, MA, US: Houghton, Mifflin and Company PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) To the instructor Part 1: Handbook for reading and studying strategies Taking control of your reading Using context clues and other strategies for increasing vocabulary Strategic reading for topics, subtopics, and main ideas Understanding details Understanding organizational patterns in academic texts Strategies for critical reading and thinking Strategies for reading visual aids in texts Strategies for active listening and notetaking Assessing your new knowledge Part 2: Background essays for academic literacy Psychology: The science of mind and behavior Sociology: The science of societies and their effects on human behavior The sciences: Knowledge of the physical world Business: The activities of groups or individuals who develop, produce, and distribute goods and services History: A record or explanation of past events Literature: Writing in prose or verse, creatively expressing ideas of universal interest Political science: A social science analyzing political processes and institutions Appendix: Readability levels for essays Credits Index
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Learning Strategies
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - academic literacy
KW  - academic success
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - business
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - City
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - context
KW  - control
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - developmental reading courses
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Experience
KW  - Goals
KW  - handbook
KW  - High School
KW  - High School Teachers
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - mind
KW  - Population
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Education
KW  - reading process
KW  - reading skills
KW  - readings
KW  - research-based instructional strategies
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Sociology
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - study strategies
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - texts
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Visual Aid
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the book) Academic Literacy: Readings and Strategies has evolved as the result of the author's twenty-five-plus years of experience teaching students enrolled in developmental reading courses at two- and four-year colleges and assisting high school teachers who are concerned about their students' academic readiness at the start of their college careers. During the past twenty-five years, our knowledge about the reading process and how students learn has grown considerably; the population we teach has changed; and the academic goals for and expectations of students have been reshaped to include a greater concern for critical thinking and personal response. Many of the readings, strategies, and activities in this text are based on these considerations. Those research-based instructional strategies that have continued to serve students well over the years are also included. Many features of this text make it unique and give students ample opportunity to develop the reading and study strategies they need for academic success. The third edition reflects changes in the topics of interest and concern to students since the publication of the second edition as well as the increased foothold technology has gained in the college learning environment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-618-31816-X (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1455
T1  - Leadership for literacy: Research-based practice, PreK-3. [References]
A1  - Murphy,Joseph
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2004-00248-000 LG - English IN - Murphy, Joseph: Peabody College of Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, US SO - (2004). xvii, 241 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - Series Introduction Preface About the Author Part I: Laying the foundations for success Exploring the Foundations of Leadership for Literacy Framing Literacy and Leadership Examining Reading Performance Reviewing the Principles of High-Quality Reading Programs Part II: Leading for literacy Promoting Quality Instruction Managing Time Productively Focusing on Phonics Deepening the Curriculum Building Effective Prevention and Remediation Programs Coordinating the Curricular and Instructional Programs Promoting the Learning of Staff Collaborating With the Home to Strengthen Literacy Achievement References Index
KW  - *Educational Administration
KW  - *Elementary Education
KW  - *Literacy Programs
KW  - *Preschool Education
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - Consensus
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Background
KW  - Foundations
KW  - grades
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional leadership
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy development
KW  - Organizational Effectiveness
KW  - Performance
KW  - Phonics
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - primary grades
KW  - principles
KW  - progress
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading programs
KW  - Research
KW  - research-based practice
KW  - Role
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - School
KW  - school administration
KW  - School Administrators
KW  - school effectiveness
KW  - schools
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher effects
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the preface) Over the last two decades, we have witnessed considerable progress in breaking down this barrier and in re-centering the field of school administration on our best understandings of learning, teaching, and school improvement. Beginning with the research on effective schools and instructional leadership, we have accumulated considerable knowledge about the role of school leadership in powering educational excellence for all students. This book fuses knowledge from both of these areas, hence the title Leadership for Literacy. In so doing, I compile and integrate a considerable amount of research from four broad domains of scholarship: studies on school effectiveness, research on instructional leadership, investigations of teacher effects, and explorations of effective reading programs. It is this comprehensive strategy that permits me to capture and link findings that have rarely traveled together in the past. The end result is the crafting of a research-based platform that helps readers inform themselves about what is important and act to make literacy mastery a reality in schools and school districts throughout the United States. The spotlight in this volume is directed toward literacy in the early years of schooling. I focus here because a consensus has emerged over the last twenty years about the critical nature of the primary grades (preK-3) in terms of literacy development. While I cover the spectrum of students defined by ability and family background, I also provide space to investigating ways to ensure high levels of literacy for youngsters who historically have not fared well in our schools, that is, those children on the wrong side of the achievement gap. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-7619-4579-2 (hardcover), 0-7619-4580-6 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1456
T1  - If We Teach Them to Fish: Solving Real Nursing Problems Through Problem-Based Learning. [References]
A1  - Alexander,Janet G.
A1  - McDaniel,Gretchen S.
A1  - Baldwin,Mary Sue
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-05189-007 LG - English IN - Alexander, Janet G.: Ida V. Moffett School of Nursing, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, US McDaniel, Gretchen S.: Continuing Education, Ida V. Moffett School of Nursing, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, US Baldwin, Mary Sue: Center for Teaching, Learning & Scholarship, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, US SO - Oermann, Marilyn H (Ed); Heinrich, Kathleen T (Ed). (2005). Annual review of nursing education, vol 3, 2005. (pp. 109-123). xx, 414 pp. New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Curriculum Development
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - *Nursing Students
KW  - *Problem Solving
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - active learning
KW  - Australia
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curiosity
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Fish
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Learning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - New York
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410]; Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Review
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solutions
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 109
EP  - 123
N2  - (from the chapter) "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime." This Chinese proverb continues to be relevant today, particularly in a rapidly changing health care environment. Nurses are expected to quickly process and analyze information to solve critical, and in many cases, life-threatening problems. Traditionally nurse educators have bombarded students with a monumental amount of information through lectures or assigned readings. Often, the primary means of assessing students' outcomes is through evaluating their ability to provide an exact answer to a specific question. In reality, there is not always an exact answer to every problem that a nurse will encounter. The inclusion of problem-based learning (PEL) as a teaching strategy in our nursing curriculum is a means to teach these students "to fish for themselves." Problem-based learning is a curriculum development and delivery system that recognizes the need to develop problem solving and critical thinking skills. Problem-based learning is an instructional strategy that promotes active learning. This strategy can be used as a framework for modules, courses, programs, or curricula. The PEL method challenges students to learn to learn by working cooperatively in groups or individually to seek solutions to real-world problems. The use of PEL in nursing education is evolving in the United States and has had much success in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Its use as a strategy in nursing education has met with mixed response mainly because nursing educators are hesitant to change and are unsure of the results. The focus of this chapter is to discuss what PEL is and how it has been implemented in our baccalaureate nursing program. We describe some of the successful strategies developed for our clinical and nonclinical courses. We also explain how real-life problems and situations were used to engage students' curiosity and promote learning on specific subject matter in a variety of nursing courses. We provide descriptions of exemplary problems and activities and the learning outcomes obtained. It is our hope that nurse educators in associate and baccalaureate programs will garner from this discussion an understanding of the PEL methodology and how it might fit into their curriculum. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8261-2446-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1457
T1  - Literacy instruction in the content areas (2nd ed.). [References]
A1  - Anders,Patricia L.
A1  - Guzzetti,Barbara J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-06539-000 LG - English IN - Anders, Patricia L.: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US Guzzetti, Barbara J.: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US SO - (2005). xiv, 306 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book LO - US TC - Preface Acknowledgments Knowing Today's Millennial Youth: Discovering Students' Literacies Responses to Adolescent Learners: Literacy and Content Area Literacy-Past and Present Literacy and the Teaching and Learning of Ideas Analyzing, Selecting, and Planning to Use Print Resources Digital Resources and Content Area Literacy Possibilities for Literacy Instruction in the Content Areas Content Area Literacy Assessment and Classroom Climate Promising Principles and Practices for Adolescent Literacy Programs References Author Index Subject Index
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - adolescent literacy
KW  - adolescents
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - classroom
KW  - Climate
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confusion
KW  - content
KW  - content area instruction
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - definition
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - guidance
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - High School
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy educators
KW  - literacy instruction
KW  - literacy practices
KW  - Literacy Programs
KW  - Male
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - media
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading materials
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - socio-cultural factors
KW  - Sociocultural Factors
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Technology
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - young people
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - The literacy teaching series
N2  - (from the book) This book is written for those who want to integrate literacy processes into their content area instruction. Chapter 1 focuses on the nature of today's adolescent. We describe some of the studies that explore and reveal young people's out-of-school experiences with popular culture, commercial and "indie" media (independent media), and such "New Literacies" as technoliteracies or digital literacies. The chapter concludes with suggestions for bridging the gap between students' out-of-school literacy pursuits and their in-school literacy instruction and assignments. Chapter 2 is the content area literacy educators' response to the nature of adolescents' out-of-school literacy described in the first chapter. We begin by providing a definition of literacy, proceed to describing content area literacy historically, and conclude with reporting studies of stakeholders' perspectives of content area literacy. We think Chapter 3 is a key chapter because it focuses on the nature of content concepts and the relationship between those curricular concepts and a teacher's beliefs. This chapter makes the point that curriculum is filtered through a teacher's beliefs, and the enacted curriculum, through instruction, is critically influential on the opportunities young people have to use their developing literacy as tools for negotiating meanings in the content areas. Chapter 4 provides guidance for selecting and using print resources for content area learning. Both commercial textbooks and trade literature--magazines, novels and other informational books, and poetry--are discussed. We maintain that textbooks are not curriculum, rather reading materials the teacher supplies are resources that are meant to be resources for the construction of understandings in the various content areas. Chapter 5, parallels Chapter 4 in that it discusses instructional resources, but focuses on the background, theory and practices related to digital resources rather than print resources. Specifically, we summarize the "New Literacies" that are available for content area instruction and we make recommendations for using them as resources for learning in the classroom. One theme in this chapter that we hope makes a contribution to secondary educators is a discussion of the differences between critical reading and thinking and critical literacy. In our experience, this is a point of confusion for many students. This chapter also includes a section on struggling literacy learners and technology, exploring both the instructional limitations and possibilities of technology for these learners. The chapter concludes with resources for teachers as they continue to develop their technological sophistication. Chapter 6 is intended to pull together the previous chapters in terms of what they mean for planning to teach and instruction. Suggestions are made for designing lessons and units that incorporate literacy practices and content teaching. This chapter represents "tried-and-true" content area literacy practices and strategies, as well as newer practices that are based on research. Chapter 7 discusses some of the roadblocks that are likely to make implementing these ideas difficult, and provides suggestions for smoothing out the road to incorporating literacy and content instruction. The final chapter is written for those who are considering leadership as a reading specialist or literacy coach in a secondary school. Principles and guidelines are provided for decision making about the structure and content of the program. Included is a brief summary of current commercial programs that a literacy coach or reading specialist might consider purchasing for a middle school or high school literacy program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4339-6 (hardcover), 0-8058-4340-X (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1458
T1  - Cultivating high-quality teaching through induction and mentoring. [References]
A1  - Bartell,Carol A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2004-19081-000 LG - English IN - Bartell, Carol A.: California State University, Los Angeles, CA, US SO - (2005). xx, 188 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) About the Author Foreword Preface Acknowledgments The Challenges Facing Beginning Teachers Understanding the Stages of Teacher Development The Characteristics of Effective Induction Programs Mentoring Strategies and Best Practices Urban Schools and Induction Standards-Based Teaching and Reflective Practice Teacher Assessment Developing Induction Policies to Shape Induction Practices References Index
KW  - *Mentor
KW  - *Teacher Characteristics
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - Career
KW  - challenge
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Human
KW  - Learning
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - reflective practice
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Survival
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher development
KW  - teacher induction
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Urban Environments
KW  - urban schools
KW  - US
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the chapter) In this book, the author focuses on new teachers' needs and the strategies that are a part of an effective induction experience. The author takes into account the challenges of beginning teachers at varying points of readiness and in a variety of school contexts. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction to frame the major points discussed in the chapter. The chapter concludes with some implications for practice and suggested further readings. Chapter 1 begins with a description of the challenges that new teachers face and defines the need for a strong induction program that is geared to the needs of individual new teachers. Chapter 2 looks at stages of teacher development, with an emphasis on teacher induction as a specific career stage that needs special attention. It also highlights the need to consider that induction occurs within a specific context. Chapter 3 outlines the key elements of an effective plan for induction and Chapter 4 discusses the role of effective mentoring in the induction program. Chapter 5 focuses on induction in the most challenging setting of urban schools. In Chapter 6, the point is made that induction programs should seek to move teachers beyond the survival stage and engage teachers in a critical look at their own practice and the learning of their students. Chapter 7 encourages induction planners to include an assessment of teaching in the induction period to foster reflective practice. Models and approaches are presented. The final chapter addresses induction policies and practices for local schools, districts, and states, and concludes with a vision for the future of induction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-7619-3858-3 (hardcover), 0-7619-3859-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1459
T1  - Contextualizing college ESL classroom praxis: A participatory approach to effective instruction. [References]
A1  - Berlin,Lawrence N.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-05577-000 LG - English IN - Berlin, Lawrence N.: Northeastern Illinois U, Chicago, IL, US SO - (2005). xxiii, 133 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - Foreword by Sonia Nieto Preface What Is the Nature of Process Over Product? Is a New Definition of Effective Instruction Necessary? What Are the Factors That Can Affect Second Language Acquisition? What Do Teachers Believe About Effective Language Instruction? What Do Students Believe About Effective Language Instruction? What Makes Pedagogy Effective? (The Pedagogical Function) How Do Teachers and Students Relate in the Classroom? (The Environmental Function) What Does Instruction Mean for Students? (The Societal Function) A Brief Review (The Effective Instruction Model) How Can Effective Praxis Be Adapted to Various Contexts? (The Application Model) References
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Participation
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Affect
KW  - Author
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Book
KW  - Chicago
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - college ESL classroom praxis
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical pedagogy
KW  - Culture
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - effective instruction
KW  - English
KW  - English as a Second Language
KW  - Experience
KW  - Foreign Language Education
KW  - foreign language learning
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Human
KW  - Illinois
KW  - inservice teachers
KW  - instruction
KW  - Language
KW  - language acquisition
KW  - Learning
KW  - mind
KW  - Model
KW  - participation
KW  - participatory approach
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - principles
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - second language acquisition
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - US
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - Language, culture, and teaching
N2  - (from the preface) The aim of this book is to provide undergraduate and graduate students, pre-service and in-service teachers with a model for engaging effective instruction with the variety of students that they will encounter in the college English as a second language or foreign language classroom. While the contexts are clearly different--second language contexts are ones in which the target language is spoken in the external environment and foreign language contexts are ones in which it is typically not--effective language instruction has many common elements which need to be contextualized to any setting as you shall soon see. Along with the model, the book is designed to help develop the tools needed to use the model within a participatory approach. A participatory approach is a way to teach based on the principles of Paulo Freire's critical pedagogy (Freire, 1970; Freire & Macedo, 1987); in this text, however, the author combines these principles with multicultural education and the general tenets of a communicative approach to language teaching. Thus, from the philosophical to the theoretical to the practical, the reader will learn about a variety of concepts in chapter 1 that combine these several strands into a cohesive framework. The reader's participation is essential and the experience that the reader brings to the classroom and the material is invaluable. Readers will be asked to apply what is called problem-posing throughout the book and the course. In other words, the learning process begins by naming issues, reflecting on them and possible solutions, and acting upon one's own ideas. This work is not intended to be conducted in isolation, however; it is aided and enhanced by sharing one's own ideas with one's instructor and classmates, and keeping an open mind to analyze their ideas critically. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4988-2 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1460
T1  - Developing Scientific Talent in Students With Special Needs: An Alternative Model for Identification, Curriculum, and Assessment. [References]
A1  - Cooper,Carolyn R.
A1  - Baum,Susan M.
A1  - Neu,Terry W.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-13478-006 LG - English IN - Cooper, Carolyn R.: University of Connecticut Accelerated Schools Project, St. Louis, MO, US Baum, Susan M.: College of New Rochelle, New Rochelle, NY, US Neu, Terry W.: Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, US SO - Johnsen, Susan K (Ed); Kendrick, James (Ed). (2005). Science education for gifted students. (pp. 63-78). xi, 131 pp. Waco, TX, US: Prufrock Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Gifted
KW  - *Measurement
KW  - *Models
KW  - *Science Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - curiosity
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - gifted
KW  - Gifted & Talented [3575].
KW  - gifted students
KW  - grades
KW  - History
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Model
KW  - Needs
KW  - Project High Hopes
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - scaffolding
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - science education
KW  - scientific talent
KW  - special needs
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - talent development
KW  - talent development model
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 78
N2  - (from the chapter) Can students with learning and attention difficulties in school actually be talented scientists in disguise? If we look to history to answer this question, we see compelling evidence that giants such as Thomas Edison, Sir Isaac Newton, and Leonardo da Vinci might have been students like this. Similar to struggling students today, they had passion, curiosity, and commitment to pursue learning, often in unconventional ways. Unlike students today, however, these school failures could opt to learn elsewhere--frequently, by themselves or with a mentor. Today, we have multiple ways to support our student scientists. There are magnet schools, special schools in math and science, Advanced Placement courses, and honors classes that purport to provide the necessary scaffolding to actualize the talent of potential scientists. For students not achieving academically, however, these options are often not available because their talent is frequently obscured by their lack of achievement, their displays of inappropriate classroom behavior, or both. More specifically, to be accepted into these special programs, students must demonstrate superior scores on standardized tests of reading and math. Clearly, had these been requirements in Edison's day, his talent would have been neither found nor nurtured. We know, furthermore, of some students who experience difficulties with reading and writing (areas emphasized heavily in school), but who have talents in science. Unfortunately, these students are not acknowledged for their abilities due to the restrictive criteria of test scores and grades. Therefore, Project High Hopes set out to address this critical issue: Could there be a talent development model in science that would both identify potential talent and provide a program in which reading and writing were not required for success? (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-59363-167-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1461
T1  - Conflicting paradigms in adult literacy education: In quest of a U.S. democratic politics of literacy. [References]
A1  - Demetrion,George
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2004-22405-000 LG - English IN - Demetrion, George: Literacy Volunteers of Greater Hartford, Hartford, CT, US SO - (2005). xiv, 320 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book LO - US TC - Preface Introduction: In search of common ground amidst conflicting paradigms in adult literacy education Adult literacy and the quality of life Workforce readiness in the information age Workforce Investment Act/National Reporting System (WIA/NRS) NLA polemics: criticism and counterarguments Defining outcomes and impacts of adult literacy education: Enduring problems and conflicting perspectives Equipped for the future: Building the infrastructure EFF standards: Linking pedagogy and policy in quest of a national consensus Research traditions: Problems, paradigms, polemics Toward a mediating pedagogy of adult literacy via Dewey's model of inquiry and his accompanying metaphor of growth In quest of a more perfect union through a double-vision perspective of hope and skepticism References Author index Subject index
KW  - *Adult Education
KW  - *Government Policy Making
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Politics
KW  - activism
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult literacy
KW  - adult literacy education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consensus
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Culture
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - General Public.
KW  - Government
KW  - government policy
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Life
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy education
KW  - literacy practices
KW  - Metaphor
KW  - Model
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - participatory literacy
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Policy
KW  - Political Processes & Political Issues [2960]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - skepticism
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - thought
KW  - US
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the jacket) The book provides an historical overview of adult literacy theory, policy, practice, and research from the mid-1980s to the present. The main focus is a descriptive analysis of three distinctive schools of literacy, the Freirean-based participatory literacy movement grounded in oppositional politics and grass-roots community activism: the British-based New Literacy Studies that focuses on the ways in which diverse students utilize various literacy practices in their daily lives: and the U.S. federal government's focus on functional literacy linked to a 45-year policy emphasis on workforce readiness. These three schools of thought lead to substantially different implications over such critical areas as curriculum, assessment and accountability, the sociocultural role of literacy, policy, and political culture, which are discussed throughout the chapters of the book. This discussion includes a chapter on research traditions that closely parallels these perspectives on literacy education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4623-9 (hardcover), 0-8058-4624-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1462
T1  - Teaching communication skills to students with severe disabilities (2nd ed.). [References]
A1  - Downing,June E.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-04287-000 LG - English IN - Downing, June E.: California State U, Dept of Special Education, Northridge, CA, US SO - (2005). xviii, 252 pp. Baltimore, MD, US: Paul H Brookes Publishing PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - About the Author Foreword [by] Mary A. Falvey Preface Acknowledgments The Importance of Teaching Communication Skills Assessing Communication Skills Analyzing the Communicative Environment Augmentative and Alternative Communication Techniques Teaching Communication Skills: First Steps Teaching a Wide Range of Communication Skills The Role of Communicative Partners Integrating Team Expertise to Support Communication Commonly Asked Questions: Challenges to Effective Communication Intervention Augmentative and Alternative Communication Resource List Index
KW  - *Communication Skills
KW  - *Communication Skills Training
KW  - *Multiple Disabilities
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Age
KW  - assessment
KW  - augmentative & alternative communication
KW  - Augmentative Communication
KW  - Author
KW  - Autism
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - communication techniques
KW  - connect
KW  - control
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Family
KW  - High School
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - multiple disabilities
KW  - Policy
KW  - preschool
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - severe disabilities
KW  - Skill
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - special education
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students with disabilities
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Therapists
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) How can educators and therapists best teach students with severe and multiple disabilities to communicate effectively? Developed by a highly respected expert, this practical guidebook has the comprehensive, research-based information professionals need to support students from preschool to high school as they learn and use communication skills. Emphasizing all students' need and right to communicate, this book helps readers develop specific skills for supporting the communication of students who have autism, physical disabilities, sensory impairments, severe cognitive disabilities, or multiple disabilities. This expanded second edition also gives readers timely new material on: (a) the connection between literacy skills and general communication skills; (b) students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms; (c) the critical role of communication in strengthening social relationships; (d) national policies about the communicative rights of individuals with severe disabilities; and (e) a new tool that helps connect intervention with assessment. Accessible for both pre-service and in-service professionals, this book gives readers strategies they can use throughout a typical school day, real-life case studies on students of different ages, thoughtful answers to commonly asked questions, and tables that illustrate key points and summarize strategies in simple steps. With this new edition, educators and therapists can help students with disabilities realize the benefits of effective communication: less frustration, more control over their lives, and stronger bonds with friends and family. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-55766-755-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1463
T1  - The learning communities guide to improving reading instruction. [References]
A1  - Gregory,Valerie Hastings
A1  - Nikas,Jan Rozzelle
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-00434-000 LG - English IN - Gregory, Valerie Hastings: College of William and Mary, School Leadership Institute, Williamsburg, VA, US Nikas, Jan Rozzelle: College of William and Mary, School Leadership Institute, Williamsburg, VA, US SO - (2005). xiii, 158 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Foreword Preface About the Authors Considering How to Lead Schoolwide Improvement in Reading Personalizing Reading Instruction Managing Environments for Literacy Ensuring Student Engagement Emphasizing Active Teaching Targeting Comprehension Creating Professional Learning Communities for Literacy References Index
KW  - *Communities
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult & student learning
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Child
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning communities
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Model
KW  - Performance
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - school culture
KW  - school environment
KW  - Solid
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student engagement
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) After observing over 300 classrooms, authors Valerie Hastings Gregory and Jan Rozzelle Nikas provide the perfect framework, knowledge, and tools necessary to help create a community of coaches, leaders and teachers focused on quality reading instruction and student success. Demonstrating the critical link between adult learning and student learning that makes professional learning communities our best hope for improving reading and comprehension for today's students, this developmental resource provides solid information, powerful research findings, specific, pragmatic and proven strategies that teachers can apply immediately in the classroom. Key features and benefits for implementation include: reflective survey of "look-fors" to identify strengths and weaknesses; how-to and when-to guidelines for strategies; a learning communities model for professional development; and tables, charts, planning guides, and reproducibles to facilitate discussion, reflection, and goal setting. This text aims to help educators identify and apply new approaches, improve and add to their instructional repertoire, and ultimately benefit their students' reading performance so no child or teacher is "left behind." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-7619-3175-9 (hardcover), 0-7619-3176-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1464
T1  - Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bringing research to practice
A1  - Hiebert,Elfrieda H.
A1  - Kamil,Michael L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-03588-000 LG - English IN - Hiebert, Elfrieda H.: University of California, Berkeley, CA, US Kamil, Michael L.: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US SO - (2005). x, 273 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - US TC - Preface * Teaching and Learning Vocabulary: Perspectives and Persistent Issues / Michael L. Kamil and Elfrieda H. Hiebert / 1-23 Part I: Perspectives on How Vocabulary is Learned * Why Vocabulary Instruction Needs to Be Long-Term and Comprehensive / William Nagy / 27-44 * Vocabulary Growth Through Independent Reading and Reading Aloud to Children / Anne E. Cunningham / 45-68 * Creating Opportunities to Acquire New Word Meanings From Text / Judith A. Scott / 69-91 Part II: Instruction and Interventions That Enhance Vocabulary * Four Problems With Teaching Word Meanings (And What to Do to Make Vocabulary an Integral Part of Instruction) / Steven A. Stahl / 95-114 * Bringing Words to Life in Classrooms With English-Language Learners / Margarita Calderon, Diane August, Robert Slavin, Daniel Duran, Nancy Madden and Alan Cheung / 115-136 * Sustained Vocabulary-Learning Strategy Instruction for English-Language Learners / Maria S. Carlo, Diane August and Catherine E. Snow / 137-153 * Classroom Practices for Vocabulary Enhancement in Prekindergarten: Lessons From PAVEd for Success / Paula J. Schwanenflugel, Claire E. Hamilton, Barbara A. Bradley, Hilary P. Ruston, Stacey Neuharth-Pritchett and M. Adelaida Restrepo / 155-177 * Strategies for Teaching Middle-Grade Students to Use Word-Part and Context Clues to Expand Reading Vocabulary / James F. Baumann, George Font, Elizabeth Carr Edwards and Eileen Boland / 179-205 Part III: Perspectives on Which Words to Choose for Instruction * Choosing Words to Teach / Isabel L. Beck, Margaret G. McKeown and Linda Kucan / 209-222 * Size and Sequence in Vocabulary Development: Implications for Choosing Words for Primary Grade Vocabulary Instruction / Andrew Biemiller / 223-242 * In Pursuit of an Effective, Efficient Vocabulary Curriculum for Elementary Students / Elfrieda H. Hiebert / 243-263 Author Index Subject Index
KW  - *Reading Comprehension
KW  - *School Learning
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Vocabulary
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - adolescents
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom practice
KW  - classroom practices
KW  - classrooms
KW  - College
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - context
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - elementary students
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - English language learners
KW  - evidence
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Needs
KW  - PAVEd for Success
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading aloud
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - text comprehension
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - vocabulary development
KW  - vocabulary enhancement
KW  - vocabulary instruction
KW  - Word Meaning
KW  - words
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Although proficiency in vocabulary has long been reading proficiency, there has been a paucity of research on vocabulary teaching and learning during the last two decades. Recognizing this, the U.S. Department of Education recently sponsored a Focus on Vocabulary conference that attracted the best known and most active researchers in the vocabulary field. This book is the outgrowth of that conference. It presents scientific evidence from leading research programs that address persistent issues regarding the role of vocabulary in text comprehension. Part I examines how vocabulary is learned; Part II presents instructional interventions that enhance vocabulary; and Part III looks at which words to choose for vocabulary instruction. Other key features of this timely new book include: Broad coverage, the book addresses the full range of students populating current classrooms (young children, English Language Learners, and young adolescents); Issues Focus, by focusing on persistent issues from the perspective of critical school populations, this volume provides a rich, scientific foundation for effective vocabulary instruction and policy; and Author Expertise, few volumes can boast of a more luminous cast of contributing authors. This book is suitable for anyone (graduate students, in-service reading specialists and curriculum directors, college faculty and researchers) who deals with vocabulary learning and instruction as a vital component of reading proficiency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-5285-9 (hardcover), 0-8058-5286-7 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1465
T1  - Understanding and Implementing Neuropsychologically Based Literacy Interventions. [References]
A1  - Joseph,Laurice M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-08811-033 LG - English IN - Joseph, Laurice M.: School Psychology Program, School of Physical Activity and Educational Sciences, College of Education, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US SO - D'Amato, Rik Carl (Ed); Fletcher-Janzen, Elaine (Ed); Reynolds, Cecil R (Ed). (2005). Handbook of school neuropsychology. (pp. 738-757). xxii, 962 pp. Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Intervention
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Neuropsychology
KW  - Book
KW  - brain
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500]; Neuropsychology & Neurology [2520].
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Factor
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-supported interventions
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning to read
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy development
KW  - literacy intervention
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Neuropsychology
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - School Psychology
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 738
EP  - 757
N2  - (from the chapter) How did you learn to read? For most people, learning to read seems as automatic as acquiring language. However, the development of literacy skills is complex, involving the reciprocal relationship between neurological and environmental factors (Pennington, 1991). The field of neuropsychology explores the interaction between functions of the brain and the conditions of the environment, which has contributed greatly to understanding underlying processes associated with acquiring literacy, understanding characteristics of learners who struggle with acquiring literacy, and designing interventions that facilitate the development of literacy. This chapter presents a discussion about the critical components of literacy development, a brief discussion about the characteristics of children who struggle with acquiring literacy, and a lengthy section on evidence-supported interventions for facilitating the development of critical component processes of literacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-471-46550-X (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1466
T1  - Annual review of nursing education, vol 3, 2005
A1  - Oermann,Marilyn H.
A1  - Heinrich,Kathleen T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-05189-000 LG - English IN - Oermann, Marilyn H.: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US Heinrich, Kathleen T.: KTH Consulting, Guilford, CT, US SO - (2005). xx, 414 pp. New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co PT - Book PT - Edited Book TC - Contributors Preface Part I: Our Students * Nursing Education for Students with Disabilities: Our Students, Our Teachers / Bronwynne C. Evans / 3-22 * Why and How We Should Address Student Incivility in Nursing Programs / Susan Luparell / 23-36 * How to Learn, Not What to Learn: Three Strategies That Foster Lifelong Learning in Clinical Settings / Judy Irene Murphy / 37-55 Part II: Assessment and Evaluation * Want to Graduate Nurses Who Care? Assessing Nursing Students' Caring Competencies / Joanne R. Duffy / 59-76 * Improving NCLEX-RN Pass Rates Through Internal and External Curriculum Evaluation / Susan Morrison / 77-94 * Using a Clinical Simulation to Assess Program Outcomes / Veta H. Massey and N. Ann Warblow / 95-105 Part III: Innovation and Creativity in Teaching * If We Teach Them to Fish: Solving Real Nursing Problems Through Problem-Based Learning / Janet G. Alexander, Gretchen S. McDaniel and Mary Sue Baldwin / 109-123 * Making the Transition from Teacher-Centered to Student-Centered Instruction: A Journey Taken by Two Educators / Dolores M. Zygmont and Karen Moore Schaefer / 125-142 * Promoting Critical Thinking Through Online Discussion / Judith A. Halstead / 143-163 * Games: Making Learning Fun / Deborah Henderson / 165-183 Part IV: Innovation and Creativity in Curriculum and Program Planning * Negotiating the Merger of Three Nursing Programs into One: Turning Mission Impossible into Mission Possible / Diana King Mixon, Margaret A. Kemp, Mary Ann Towle and Vivian C. Schrader / 187-203 * Creating an Undergraduate Nursing Classroom Without Walls / June Larson and Kathleen Hankel / 205-217 * Learning Marketspace Partnerships: An Education-Service-Association Model for Developing Online Courses to Prepare Nurses for Clinical Practice in High-Demand Specialties / Diane M. Billings and Pamela R. Jeffries / 219-231 * Integrating Evidence-Based Practice into Nursing Curricula / Susan T. Pierce / 233-248 * Critical Analysis of "Culture" in Nursing Literature: Implications for Nursing Education in the United States / D. Patricia Gray and Debera Thomas / 249-270 * Accelerated Nursing Programs for Non-Nursing College Graduates / Diane M. Wink / 271-297 * Rethinking Empathy in Nursing Education: Shifting to a Developmental View / Martha Raile Alligood / 299-309 Part V: Reflection: As Faculty and As Students * The Mirror as Metaphor for the Reflective Practitioner / Judith A. Cohen / 313-330 * Shadows and Corners: The Other Side of Journaling / Olive Yonge and Florence Myrick / 331-341 * Use of Faculty Reflection to Improve Teaching / Teresa Shellenbarger, Elizabeth A. Palmer, Amy L. Labant and Jodell L. Kuzneski / 343-357 * Developing Nursing Voice Through Writing in a Group / Genevieve E. Chandler, Susan J. Roberts and Rosanna F. Demarco / 359-374 * Teaching the Art of Professional Nursing in the Learning Laboratory / Karen Gahan Tarnow and Howard Karl Butcher / 375-392 Index Contents for Volume 1 Contents for Volume 2
KW  - *Nursing
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Art
KW  - assessment
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - College
KW  - competency
KW  - content
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Creativity
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Empathy
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty reflection
KW  - Fish
KW  - games
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - instruction
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Metaphor
KW  - Model
KW  - New York
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing curriculum
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - nursing programs
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - practice of teaching
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - program planning
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student incivility
KW  - Students
KW  - students with disabilities
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - Strategies for teaching, assessment, and program planning
N2  - (from the cover) This series presents innovations in nursing education, written in an easy-to-read manner with a focus on practical information for teachers. Presented by the nurse educators pioneering these advances and focused on the practice of teaching across settings, this review is written for nurse educators in associate, baccalaureate, and graduate nursing programs, staff development, and continuing education. Volume 3 presents a rich array of strategies and experiences that can enrich your teaching. Topics included in this volume: Students with disabilities, student incivility in nursing programs, improving NCLEX-RN pass rates, problem-based learning, critical thinking through online discussion, integrating evidence-based practice into nursing curricula, journaling, and games: making learning fun. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8261-2446-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1467
T1  - Use of Faculty Reflection to Improve Teaching. [References]
A1  - Shellenbarger,Teresa
A1  - Palmer,Elizabeth A.
A1  - Labant,Amy L.
A1  - Kuzneski,Jodell L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-05189-020 LG - English IN - Shellenbarger, Teresa: Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, US Palmer, Elizabeth A.: Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, US Labant, Amy L.: Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, US Kuzneski, Jodell L.: Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, US SO - Oermann, Marilyn H (Ed); Heinrich, Kathleen T (Ed). (2005). Annual review of nursing education, vol 3, 2005. (pp. 343-357). xx, 414 pp. New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Educational Personnel
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - *Reflectiveness
KW  - Allied Health Professions
KW  - Attention
KW  - Book
KW  - Career
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty reflection
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Indiana
KW  - instruction
KW  - New York
KW  - Note
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching career
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 343
EP  - 357
N2  - (from the chapter) Dr. Anne Stern left the large group instruction room quite frustrated. Her colleague Dr. Justine Clinton, seeing her frustration, asked what was wrong. Dr. Stern replied, "I am sick of trying so hard to reach these students. I was up until 1:30 a.m. getting my PowerPoint presentation ready for class today. I had some moving pictures in it that showed the actual physiologic process that I was teaching. I even updated the handouts to make it easier for students to take notes during my lecture. And still, George dozed through the last 20 minutes of my presentation, Alice and John continued their little game of whispering during class every time I was trying to talk, and Mary still interrupted my presentation ten times with her ridiculous questions. I just feel like I could stand on my head in front of this class and bring in Florence Nightingale herself, and students still would choose to not pay attention. What am I doing wrong?" Later in her office as she put away her disks and laptop she muttered, "New PowerPoint presentation and still they are not interested. Why did I even try to improve the lecture?" She began to think that it really didn't matter. "Updated presentation? So what! Still not reaching the students...Now what?" Has this scenario ever played itself out in some fashion during your teaching career? If so, perhaps you will want to adopt some of the practices that will be discussed. This chapter describes how to critically reflect on events such as the one described previously, and provides suggestions for how to revitalize your teaching through reflective activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8261-2446-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1468
T1  - Controversies and Caveats. [References]
A1  - Stout,Chris E.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2004-21459-011 LG - English IN - Stout, Chris E.: U Illinois, Coll of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, IL, US SO - Stout, Chris E (Ed); Hayes, Randy A (Ed). (2005). The evidence-based practice: Methods, models, and tools for mental health professionals. (pp. 244-254). xx, 363 pp. Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Mental Disorders
KW  - *Mental Health Services
KW  - *Treatment
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - controversies
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Intention
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - methods
KW  - mind
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 244
EP  - 254
N2  - (from the chapter) It is obvious that the wholesale adoption of evidence-based practices (EBPs) without thoughtful and critical prior examination for goodness-of-fit would be counterproductive. But ignoring their value when appropriately utilized is an invitation to mediocrity, or worse. Technology offers both hope and tools for broadening the application, reach, and potential of EBP techniques. It is the intention of this author, and this book, to help readers become better informed as to their critical examination of what may be helpful tools in their work. It is always good advice to keep your discerning eyes (and mind) wide open. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-471-46747-2 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1469
T1  - Learning to teach: A critical approach to field experiences, 2nd ed. [References]
A1  - Adams,Natalie G.
A1  - Shea,Christine Mary
A1  - Liston,Delores D.
A1  - Deever,Bryan
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-16069-000 LG - English IN - Adams, Natalie G.: The University of Alabama, AL, US Shea, Christine Mary: East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, US Liston, Delores D.: Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, US SO - (2006). xiii, 162 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Preface Section 1: Preobservational Activities: The Exploration of Self Section 2: Regulating the "Schooled" Body Section 3: Pedagogy and School Cultures: Issues of Race, Class, and Gender Section 4: The School as an Ecosystem Section 5: No Child Left Untested Section 6: After the Field Experience: Now What? Index
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *School Environment
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Book
KW  - Child
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom practice
KW  - classroom practices
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Conception
KW  - Culture
KW  - discourses
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Ecosystem
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Gender
KW  - Human
KW  - Inservice Teacher Education
KW  - inservice teachers
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Observation
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - practice
KW  - preservice teachers
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Race
KW  - researchers
KW  - School
KW  - school culture
KW  - school environment
KW  - self
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Violence
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) This text is designed to assist pre-service and in-service teachers in creating a critical and reflective dialogue with themselves, their assigned classroom cultures, and the larger school environment. It engages readers in a series of classroom and school-based activities, observations, and exercises that can be used in any teacher education course with a field component. Different from other field experience guides, this text aims to disrupt traditional conceptions of teacher education and field experiences--by emphasizing the problematic nature and dynamics of public schooling, and encouraging readers to seek a greater awareness of their own attitudes toward, and connections with, these educational processes. Learning to Teach: A Critical Approach to Field Experiences, Second Edition: Dramatically reconceptualizes the field experience by asking pre-service and in-service teachers to be active and critical researchers of classroom practices and processes; provides a coherent framework for analyzing both structural and cultural aspects of schooling; provides specific exercises to help pre-service and in-service teachers evaluate and understand the intersections of race, class, gender, and culture in "real life" school settings; and grounds the observations of everyday school life within critical, feminist, and poststructuralist discourses. New in the Second Edition: A new section, "No Child Left Untested," has been added to help pre-service teachers explore the implications of a very changed post-September 11 world in which xenophobia, violence, patriotism, citizenship, and democracy have taken on new meanings. The introduction to the book as a whole, the section introductions, the retained activities in existing sections, and the references have been thoroughly updated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-5470-3 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1470
T1  - Teaching students with emotional disturbance: A practical guide for every teacher. [References]
A1  - Algozzine,Bob
A1  - Ysseldyke,Jim
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-04544-000 LG - English IN - Algozzine, Bob: Department of Educational Leadership, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, US Ysseldyke, Jim: Center for Reading Research, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, MN, US SO - (2006). xii, 95 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - About A Practical Approach to Special Education for Every Teacher Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction to Teaching Students With Emotional Disturbance What Is Emotional Disturbance? What Should Every Teacher Know About Teaching Students With Emotional Problems? What Should Every Teacher Know About Teaching Students With Social Problems? What Trends and Issues Influence How We Teach Students With Emotional Disturbance? Emotional Disturbance in Perspective What Have We Learned? On Your Own Resources References Index
KW  - *Emotionally Disturbed
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Strategies
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - Education
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - emotional disturbance
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - problems
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - Social Problem
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - special education
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - trends
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - A practical approach to special education for every teacher
N2  - (from the cover) When a student is inattentive, extremely anxious, or has an outright tantrum in the classroom, ascertaining the exact cause may be difficult, but it is a critical step in reaching and teaching the students who exhibit these behaviors. In Teaching Students With Emotional Disturbance, Ysseldyke and Algozzine show readers how to recognize the cognitive, academic, physical, communicational, and behavioral characteristics of several forms of emotional disturbance and offer specific strategies for responding to anxiety issues, opposition and noncompliance, tantrums, disruptiveness, inattention, task avoidance, and more. Highlights include: (1) a pretext and posttest to help readers assess their understanding about the origins of social and emotional difficulties and how they are best addressed, (2) effective interventions and instructional adaptations for students who have emotional problems, (3) trends and issues currently influencing how students with social and emotional problems are taught, and (4) key vocabulary terms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-4129-3904-6 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1471
T1  - Quotes to inspire great reading teachers: A reflective tool for advancing students' literacy. [References]
A1  - Block,Cathy Collins
A1  - Israel,Susan E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-07311-000 LG - English IN - Block, Cathy Collins: Texas Christian U, Ft Worth, TX, US Israel, Susan E.: U Dayton, Dayton, OH, US SO - (2006). vii, 191 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - Reflections From the Authors Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction [by] Susan E. Israel Themed Collection 1: Making Meaningful Connections [by] Susan E. Israel, Sarah M. Luckhaupt, and Lyndsay L. Peters Themed Collection 2: Setting Valuable Goals [by] Erin Brianna Doyal and Susan E. Israel Themed Collection 3: Using Assessment to Excel [by] Dixie Massey Themed Collection 4: Building Blocks for Success [by] Cathy Collins Block and Cinnamon S. Whiteley Themed Collection 5: Word Power Equals Knowledge [by] Cathy Collins Block, Cinnamon S. Whiteley, and Nicole M. Caylor Themed Collection 6: Expanding Our Opportunity [by] Cathy Collins Block and Cinnamon S. Whiteley Themed Collection 7: Thinking to Obtain Meaning [by] Cathy Collins Block and Cinnamon S. Whiteley Themed Collection 8: Identifying Our Strengths [by] Cathy Collins Block and Cinnamon S. Whiteley Themed Collection 9: Work, Study Skills, and Writing [by] Cathy Collins Block and Cinnamon S. Whiteley Themed Collection 10: Literacy Worlds [by] Beth A. Earley, Molly D. Dahl, and Susan E. Israel Themed Collection 11: Collaborative Communities at School and Home [by] Cathy Collins Block and Cinnamon S. Whiteley Favorite Additional Quotes From Teachers and Students [by] Susan E. Israel Quotation Bibliography Index
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *School Learning
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - classroom
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Culture
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - History
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - Israel
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - quotations
KW  - quotes
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading domains
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading teachers
KW  - Reflection
KW  - research-based practice
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - student literacy
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - teaching practices
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Teachers will find a year's worth of thought-provoking quotations by thinkers from in and out of education, from across centuries and cultures. Tied to themes of best teaching practices and reading domains, including goal setting, comprehension, vocabulary building, assessment, and collaboration, these quotes give you a daily way to deepen your reflection and critical thinking. The book also shows how to use the quotes in the classroom to directly foster improvement of your students' literacy, metacognitive skills, and goal setting, and at the same time introduce them to some of the greatest names in history and literature. Following each quote, this inspirational guide includes: (a) Three reflective questions relating the core idea of the quote to teaching practices; (b) Lesson prompts that provide ways to use the quote with your students; and (c) Literature links that identify books for K through 4 and 4 through 10 and how to use them to extend student learning and thinking related to the quote. It can be used alone or as a companion book to Reading First and Beyond (Block & Israel, 2005), which offers research-based practices for reading instruction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-4129-2647-5 (hardcover), 1-4129-2648-3 (paperback), 9781412926485 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1472
T1  - Self-Regulation as a Key to School Readiness: How Early Childhood Teachers Can Promote this Critical Competency. [References]
A1  - Bodrova,Elena
A1  - Leong,Deborah J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-15192-008 LG - English IN - Bodrova, Elena: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning, Aurora, CT, US Leong, Deborah J.: Metropolitan State College of Denver, Denver, CO, US SO - Zaslow, Martha (Ed); Martinez-Beck, Ivelisse (Ed). (2006). Critical issues in early childhood professional development. (pp. 203-224). xix, 412 pp. Baltimore, MD, US: Paul H Brookes Publishing PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Cognitive Ability
KW  - *Early Childhood Development
KW  - *Preschool Education
KW  - *School Readiness
KW  - *Self Regulation
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Book
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - cognitive abilities
KW  - College
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - competency promotion
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - early childhood
KW  - early childhood teachers
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Emotion
KW  - emotional development
KW  - Emotions
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - preschool
KW  - Preschool Teachers
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - school readiness
KW  - schools
KW  - self regulation
KW  - self-regulation
KW  - social-emotional realm
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 224
N2  - (from the chapter) This chapter focuses on self-regulation and its contribution to school readiness as promoted by early childhood teachers. The chapter makes the case for self-regulation as a key component of school readiness and reviews current views of self-regulation and interventions designed to improve the self-regulatory abilities of young children. Self-regulation has traditionally been a part of the social-emotional realm, but in this chapter, we broaden that perspective to include cognitive abilities, as we define self-regulation as the ability to regulate emotions and thinking. The chapter ends with an overview of the Vygotskian approach that brings a unique perspective on self-regulation. For Vygotskians, many aspects of self-regulation are learned, and preschool is considered an important time period for its development. We suggest that when early childhood educators understand these and other methods, they can help children enter school with higher levels of self-regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-55766-825-6 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1473
T1  - The skillful teacher: On technique, trust, and responsiveness in the classroom (2nd ed.). [References]
A1  - Brookfield,Stephen D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-13187-000 LG - English IN - Brookfield, Stephen D.: University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis, MN, US SO - (2006). xx, 297 pp. San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - Preface About the Author Experiencing Teaching The Core Assumptions of Skillful Teaching Understanding Our Classrooms What Students Value in Teachers Understanding and Responding to the Emotions of Learning Lecturing Creatively Preparing Students for Discussion Getting Students to Participate in Discussion Teaching in Diverse Classrooms Giving Helpful Evaluations Teaching Online Responding to Resistance Dealing with the Politics of Teaching Surviving Emotionally Bibliography Index
KW  - *Classroom Management
KW  - *Evaluation
KW  - *Learning Environment
KW  - *Teacher Student Interaction
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - Author
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom diversity
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Confidence
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - Emotion
KW  - Emotions
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - guidance
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - instructional techniques
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Life
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - practice of teaching
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Resistance
KW  - respect
KW  - responsiveness
KW  - Role Playing
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - Simulation
KW  - skill development
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Survival
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Characteristics
KW  - teacher learner relationship
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching experience
KW  - teaching skills
KW  - Technique
KW  - Trust
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - The Jossey-Bass higher and adult education series
N2  - (from the jacket) In this second edition of the book that has become a classic in the field, award-winning author Stephen D. Brookfield offers inspiration and down-to-earth advice to new and seasoned teachers. The Skillful Teacher is a comprehensive guide that shows how to thrive on the unpredictability and diversity of classroom life and includes insights developed from the hundreds of workshops conducted by the author. This new edition also reflects the many changes that have come about in the decade since the book was first published and includes new chapters that deal with emerging topics such as classroom diversity and teaching in online learning environments. The Skillful Teacher explores the assumption that skillful teaching is grounded in constant research into how students experience learning. The book explores the three R's of skillful teaching: respect, research, and responsiveness. Brookfield offers practical guidance on aspects of the teaching experience that range from lecturing creatively to giving helpful evaluations. The book also lays out a plan for constantly renewing one's engagement in teaching. Brookfield draws on decades of professional experience and research on teaching and learning to identify key concerns in the teacher-learner relationship, such as building trust with students and overcoming resistance to learning. Readers will also find practical advice on lecturing, discussions, role-playing, simulation, and other instructional techniques. Written for the thoughtful professional, The Skillful Teacher is a hands-on survival manual for restoring confidence, effectiveness, and vigor to the critical practice of teaching. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-7879-8066-8 (hardcover), 978-0-7879-8066-5 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1474
T1  - Assessing media education: A resource handbook for educators and administrators
A1  - Christ,William G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-02065-000 LG - English IN - Christ, William G.: Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, US SO - (2006). xii, 585 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book TC - Preface I: Developing the Assessment Plan * Introduction--Why Assessment Matters / William G. Christ / 3-16 * Developing the Assessment Plan / Michael L. James and R. Ferrell Ervin / 17-29 * Mission Statements / William G. Christ and Terry Hynes / 31-50 II: Developing Student Learning Outcomes * Law and Policy / Jennifer Henderson / 53-82 * History / Penelope B. Summers / 83-106 * Diversity / Barbara Bealor Hines / 107-126 * Production and Graphics / Aaron Delwiche, Beate Gersch, and Suzanne Williams-Rautiola / 127-144 * Ethics / Margaret J. Haefner / 145-166 * Critical Thinking / Henry Ruminski / 167-189 * Research and Information Gathering / Rebecca B. Rubin and Alan M. Rubin / 191-214 * Media Writing / Seth Finn and David Majka / 215-235 * Reporting and Editing / Thomas Dickson / 237-259 * Numbers and Statistics / Paul Voakes / 261-280 * Public Relations / Dean Kruckeberg / 281-308 * Advertising / Beth E. Barnes / 309-326 III: Measuring Student Learning Outcomes * Indirect Measures: Institutional Data, Surveys, Interviews, and Advisory Boards / Paul Parsons / 329-347 * Indirect Measures: Internships, Careers, and Competitions / Don A. Grady / 349-371 * Direct Measures: Examinations / David E. Tucker / 373-395 * Direct Measures: Embedded "Authentic" Assessment / Stacey O. Irwin / 397-420 * Direct Measures: Portfolios / Ralph Donald / 421-438 * Direct Measures: The Capstone Course / Robert C. Moore / 439-459 IV: Using Assessment: Case Studies * University of Minnesota / Kathleen A. Hansen / 463-479 * Arizona State University / Joe Foote / 481-496 * Virginia Commonwealth University / Paula Otto, Jean M. Yerian, and Judy VanSlyke Turk / 497-521 * Zayed University / Janet Hill Keefer / 523-545 Postscript * Reflections on the Impact of Assessment on Accreditation: Foxes and Henhouses / Lana F. Rakow / 549-565 Author Index Subject Index
KW  - *Communications Media
KW  - *Educational Measurement
KW  - *Educational Program Evaluation
KW  - *Educational Program Planning
KW  - *Higher Education
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Advertising
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - College Students
KW  - Communication
KW  - competency
KW  - Competition
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - data
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - handbook
KW  - higher education
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Journalism
KW  - Law
KW  - Learning
KW  - media
KW  - media programs
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Policy
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Public Relations
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - student-learning assessment strategies
KW  - student-learning outcomes
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - LEA's communication series
N2  - (from the jacket) Assessing Media Education provides guidelines for media educators and administrators in higher education media programs who are creating or improving student-learning assessment strategies. Covering the topics and categories established by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications, this key resource guides readers through the steps of developing an assessment plan, establishing student-learning outcomes in the various areas of the curriculum, and measuring those outcomes. This timely and critical volume provides detailed discussion on: Developing an assessment plan, placing special emphasis on mission statements; The development of student-learning outcomes, with chapters reflecting the eleven competencies presented in the ACEJMC requirements; Indirect and direct measures of student-learning outcomes, ranging from advisory boards to examinations. The volume concludes with case studies of programs at different points in their development of student outcomes, illustrating the implementation of assessment plans in a variety of contexts. As assessment gains importance throughout the curriculum. Assessing Media Education will be a useful and practical resource for media educators and administrators as they grapple with the challenges of assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-5225-5 (hardcover)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1475
T1  - Studying Side by Side: Collaborative Action Ethnography in Educational Research. [References]
A1  - Erickson,Frederick
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-03607-007 LG - English IN - Erickson, Frederick: University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US SO - Spindler, George (Ed); Hammond, Lorie (Ed). (2006). Innovations in educational ethnography: Theory, methods, and results. (pp. 235-257). xx, 364 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Cooperation
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Ethnography
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Policy Making
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Anthropology
KW  - Authority
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - collaborative action research
KW  - Education
KW  - educational policy
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educational reform
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - methods
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Policy
KW  - problems
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 235
EP  - 257
N2  - (from the chapter) In her classic essay on "studying up" Laura Nader raised issues of power/knowledge for American anthropology before most of us were reading Foucault. The problems of basing disciplinary knowledge on empirical processes of "studying down" persist for anthropology in general and for the anthropology of education in particular. Moreover, the recent NRC report on "science based research in education" shows, by its failure to name and address directly the power/knowledge problems which result from the institutionalization of "studying down" in conventional educational research, a lack of critical awareness of the ways in which educational research tends to silence and misrepresent those who possess the least authority in schools--teachers, students, and parents--at the same time as such research privileges the professional cultural perspectives of administrators and, especially, of policy makers. This silencing and misrepresentation intensifies as the conventional educational research is, in its Western means-ends instrumentalism, increasingly "relevant" to current public discourse on educational policy. Collaborative action ethnography, in which researchers, education professionals, students, and parents inquire together on issues they define mutually, provides an alternative to the elitism of traditional ethnography and to that of the usual "hard science" policy-oriented research in education. This chapter explores the possibilities and difficulties of collaborative action research as an approach to ethnography in education; of studying "side by side." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-4530-5 (paperback), 0-8058-4531-3 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1476
T1  - Exploring Race, Language, and Culture in Critical Literacy Classrooms. [References]
A1  - Fecho,Bob
A1  - Davis,Bette
A1  - Moore,Renee
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-05037-010 LG - English IN - Fecho, Bob: U Georgia, Language & Literacy Dept, Athens, GA, US Davis, Bette: William Carrey Coll, Hattiesburg, MS, US Moore, Renee: Mississippi Delta Community Coll, US SO - Alvermann, Donna E (Ed); Hinchman, Kathleen A (Ed); Moore, David W (Ed); Phelps, Stephen F (Ed); Waff, Diane R (Ed). (2006). Reconceptualizing the literacies in adolescents' lives (2nd ed.). (pp. 187-204). xxxii, 322 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Language
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Racial and Ethnic Attitudes
KW  - *Sociocultural Factors
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - adolescents
KW  - African American
KW  - argument
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - Classroom Dynamics & Student Adjustment & Attitudes [3560].
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - context
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - Culture
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - High School
KW  - Human
KW  - Imagery
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy events
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - play
KW  - power
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Race
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - teachable researchable moments
KW  - Teaching
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 187
EP  - 204
N2  - (from the chapter) The specific circumstances may have been different, but for each of us - Bob, Bette, and Renee - our explorations into issues of race, language, and culture began with what Bob has called teachable/researchable moments. Bob's moment hinged around a class reading of a Nikki Giovanni (1971) poem, "Beautiful Black Men." Feeling the poem to be a celebration of African American slang, language, and culture, Bob imagined that day's lesson with his high school class of African American juniors to be a romp through a discussion of vibrant imagery before moving to other work. However, what slowly emerged on that day were concerns and questions raised by his students about how they felt Giovanni was mocking Black dialect and, on learning that she was African American, how she was even betraying the African American community. Spurred by his own working-class concerns about language, his students' issues raised by the Giovanni poem, and a growing popular and academic Zeitgeist around the ways language and culture transacted, Bob urged his class to begin collecting examples of dialogue around them so that the class could explore the power of language up close and with personal connections and context. This chapter builds upon the foundation of the chapter Bob wrote for the first edition of this book, but it is expanded and deepened by the addition of the work of Renee and Bette. As such, we construct our argument by first creating a theoretical framework based on the work of Delpit, Rosenblatt, Freire, Gee, Bahktin, and Gordon. The aim of this framework is to provide a lens for considering both our research and our pedagogy. Furthermore, we build on this theoretical framework as we discuss the teaching, research, and policymaking implications of our work. Between this framework and our implications, we - Bob, Bette, and Renee - provide brief, but rich sketches of the teaching and research that occurred in our classrooms, particularly focusing on literacy events that complicated our discussions of language and the roles it plays in our lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-5386-3 (paperback), 0-8058-5385-5 (paperback), 9780805853865 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1477
T1  - Constructivist learning design: Key questions for teaching to standards. [References]
A1  - Gagnon,George W.J.
A1  - Collay,Michelle
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-00772-000 LG - English IN - Gagnon, George W.: College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, US Collay, Michelle: Department of Educational Leadership, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, US SO - (2006). xxv, 227 pp. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Corwin Press PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Foreword [by] Richard A. Schmuck Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction: Learning Design Designing Situations Organizing Groups Building Bridges Crafting Tasks Arranging Exhibits Leading Reflections Teaching Designs Resources References Index
KW  - *Constructivism
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Lesson Plans
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - constructivist learning design
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Goals
KW  - grouping
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - instruction
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - lesson planning
KW  - liberal
KW  - meaning
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - prior knowledge
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - School Administrators
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - Standard
KW  - standards based curriculum
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - supervision
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) Constructivist Learning Design offers teachers a six-step framework for lesson planning and assessment: (1) Situation: develop goals, tasks, and curriculum standards; (2) Grouping: group students and materials, and use cooperative learning; (3) Bridge: recall prior knowledge using students' cognitive maps, skills, values, motivation, and expectations; (4) Task: use higher-level thinking skills and problem-based learning; (5) Exhibit: arrange student portfolios and work samples; and (6) Reflection: synthesize critical thinking and knowledge. With clear classroom applications and ready-to-use planning templates, this research-based resource guides teachers through the complex process of aligning constructivist learning events with standards-based curriculum. The book engages students in tasks, helps them think for themselves, and supports them in making meaning of their learning. (from the foreword) This book should be read by neophyte and seasoned teachers, by teacher educators in colleges of education, and by trainees in preservice programs. It should also be read by school administrators for insights into how to improve teacher supervision and staff development, by open-minded behaviorists looking for alternatives to direct instruction, by liberal arts professors who what to learn how to teach so that their students want to keep on learning, and by parents with children in school or with children they are schooling at home. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-4129-0956-2 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1478
T1  - Conclusions and Future Directions. [References]
A1  - Genesee,Fred
A1  - Lindholm-Leary,Kathryn
A1  - Saunders,William M.
A1  - Christian,Donna
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-02863-006 LG - English IN - Genesee, Fred: McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, PQ, Canada Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, US Saunders, William M.: California State University, Long Beach, CA, US Christian, Donna: Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, DC, US SO - Genesee, Fred (Ed); Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn (Ed); Saunders, William M (Ed); Christian, Donna (Ed). (2006). Educating English language learners: A synthesis of research evidence. (pp. 223-234). x, 245 pp. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - US
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Foreign Language Education
KW  - *Foreign Language Learning
KW  - *Trends
KW  - Academic Achievement
KW  - academic development
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - Canada
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - English language learners
KW  - evidence
KW  - Human
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Development
KW  - Language Proficiency
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - New York
KW  - Oral Communication
KW  - oral language
KW  - Population
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - progress
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Development
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - trends
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
KW  - Written Communication
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 223
EP  - 234
N2  - (from the chapter) This chapter discusses current trends in research findings concerning English Language Learners (ELLs). In addition, directions for future research are identified. It is recommended that systematic reviews of research findings on the oral language, reading and writing, and academic development of ELLs be undertaken on a periodic and regular basis. This would permit researchers and educators to take stock of current research on the education of ELLs and of our progress in investigating issues critical to planning effective education for these learners. In addition, there is a need for considerably more support of research on the education of ELL students. The statistics are clear--ELLs will constitute an ever-expanding and, thus, important portion of the school-age population. Effective education for ELLs means planning for their and the nation's future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-521-67699-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1479
T1  - Literacy: Instructional Issues. [References]
A1  - Genesee,Fred
A1  - Riches,Caroline
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-02863-004 LG - English IN - Genesee, Fred: McGill University, Department of Psychology, Montreal, PQ, Canada SO - Genesee, Fred (Ed); Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn (Ed); Saunders, William M (Ed); Christian, Donna (Ed). (2006). Educating English language learners: A synthesis of research evidence. (pp. 109-175). x, 245 pp. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - US
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Foreign Language Education
KW  - *Foreign Language Learning
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - assessment
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - English language learners
KW  - evidence
KW  - Family
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional approaches
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Arts Education
KW  - Language Development
KW  - language of instruction
KW  - Language Proficiency
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy instruction
KW  - Measurement
KW  - New York
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Sociocultural Factors
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching reading
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
KW  - Written Language
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 109
EP  - 175
N2  - (from the chapter) Literacy instruction is undoubtedly one of the critical focal points in the education of all children--native English speakers as well as English language learners (ELLs). Clearly, there are challenges in teaching reading and writing to ELLs that exceed those that educators face when teaching native English speakers. The focus of this chapter is on research that has examined the instructional, family and community, and assessment issues related to reading and writing by ELLs. For purposes of this review, reading and writing include the production or comprehension of written language and behaviors related to the production and comprehension of written language. This encompasses a broad range of outcome measures, as will become evident in the following review. The studies reviewed in this chapter were categorized into four broad topics: (1) Instructional Approaches, (2) Language of Instruction, (3) Family and Community, and (4) Assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-521-67699-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1480
T1  - Integrated Practice: Voices from the Non-Mental Health Perspective
A1  - Hochman,Jane D.
A1  - d'Emery,Carola
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-04189-017 LG - English IN - Hochman, Jane D.: Policy and Planning for Special Needs Populations, Princeton, NJ, US d'Emery, Carola: Monmouth Therapy Associates, Tinton Falls, NJ, US SO - Foley, Gilbert M; Hochman, Jane D. (2006). Mental health in early intervention: Achieving unity in principles and practice. (pp. 423-451). xvl, 462 pp. Baltimore, MD, US: Paul H Brookes Publishing PT - Book PT - Edited Book LO - US
KW  - *Early Intervention
KW  - *Health Personnel
KW  - *Health Personnel Attitudes
KW  - *Integrated Services
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Book
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - challenge
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Early Intervention
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - health professional attitudes
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Needs
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Professional Personnel Attitudes & Characteristics [3430].
KW  - Professional Supervision
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Responses
KW  - special needs
KW  - supervision
KW  - Teams
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - thought
KW  - Training
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 423
EP  - 451
N2  - (from the chapter) The purpose of this chapter is to share the experiences and beliefs of senior, experienced professionals in each of the major fields that typically compose early intervention teams but excluding the mental health fields. In this chapter, these individuals candidly share their thoughts about the training, daily practice, and supervision they received and the trials and errors of their early careers. Their fresh, frank responses to questions expose some of the challenges of their, and presumably all readers' current early intervention practices. This chapter is critical to the application of theoretical and/or clinical information to actual practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1-55766-738-1 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1481
T1  - Curriculum in abundance. [References]
A1  - Jardine,David W.
A1  - Friesen,Sharon
A1  - Clifford,Patricia
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-03617-000 LG - English IN - Jardine, David W.: University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Friesen, Sharon: University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Clifford, Patricia: University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada SO - (2006). xxviii, 303 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - Foreword Preface Introduction Preamble 1: From Scarcity to Impoverishment Anh Linh's Shapes [by] Sharon Friesen, Patricia Clifford, and David W. Jardine Preamble 2: Signs of Abundance Eight Pedagogical Preambles on Dolly the Sheep [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 3: On Play and Abundance "Let Eric's Age Be'X'": A Brief Mathematical Phenomenology [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 4: Do They or Don't They? Welcoming the Old Man Home: Meditations on Jean Piaget, Interpretation, and the "Nostalgia for the 'Original'" [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 5: On Ontology and Epistemology "Behind Each Jewel Are Three Thousand Sweating Horses": Meditations on the Ontology of Mathematics and Mathematics Education [by] David W. Jardine, Sharon Friesen, and Patricia Clifford Preamble 6: Getting Over the Great Humiliation Abundance and the Limits of Teacher Knowledge [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 7: Monsters in Abundance (with Brent Novodvorski) "Disproportion, Monstrousness, and Mystery": Ecological and Ethical Reflections on the Initiation of Student Teachers Into the Community of Education [by] David W. Jardine and James C. Field Preamble 8: "Catch Only What You've Thrown Yourself..." Cutting Nature's Leading Strings: A Cautionary Tale About Constructivism [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 9: Stepping Away From the Marriage of Knowledge and Production Further Thoughts on "Cutting Nature's Leading Strings": A Conversation [by] Bruce Johnson, Leesa Fawcett, and David W. Jardine Preamble 10: "Within Each Dust Mote ..." "The Fecundity of the Individual Case": Considerations of the Pedagogic Heart of Interpretive Work [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 11: "Given Abundance ..." On the Integrity of Things: Reflections on the "Integrated Curriculum" [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 12: Settling and Unsettling "Under the Tough Old Stars": Meditations on Pedagogical Hyperactivity and the Mood of Environmental Education [by]David W. Jardine Preamble 13: Kai Enthautha Einai Theous On the Ecologies of Mathematical Language and the Rhythms of the Earth [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 14: Abundant Webs "If You Want To": Inquiry and the Arrival of New Information and Communications Technologies Into the World of the Classroom [by] David W. Jardine, Sharon Friesen, and Patricia Clifford Preamble 15: The Abundance of the Future Filling this Empty Chair: On Genius and Repose [by] David W. Jardine and Jennifer Batycky Preamble 16: Covering the Curriculum The Individual Student [by] David W. Jardine Preamble 17: The Face of "The Real World" Staying Within the Lines: Reimagining What Is "Elementary" in the Art of Schooling [by] David W. Jardine, Tanya Graham, Annette LaGrange, and Hanne Kisling-Saunders Preamble 18: Murmuring over Texts In His Own Hand: Interpretation and the Effacing 247 of the Scribe [by] David W. Jardine, Tanya Graham, Sharon Friesen, and Patricia Clifford Preamble 19: On Emptiness and Abundance Unable to Return to the Gods That Made Them [by] David W. Jardine References Author Index Subject Index
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Curriculum Development
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abundance
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Age
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom practice
KW  - classroom practices
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Constructivism
KW  - Conversation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - discipline
KW  - Dust
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - events
KW  - History
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - images
KW  - Information
KW  - Inheritance
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - mathematics education
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - methods
KW  - pedagogical applications
KW  - Phenomenology
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Sheep
KW  - social studies
KW  - Student
KW  - student teachers
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching topics
KW  - Technology
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thought
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - (from the cover) The authors set forth their concept of curriculum as abundance and illustrate its pedagogical applications through specific examples of classroom practices, the work of specific children, and specific dilemmas, images, and curricular practices that arise in concrete classroom events. The detailed classroom examples and careful philosophical explorations illustrate the difference it makes in educational theory and classroom practice to think of the curriculum topics entrusted to teachers and students in schools as abundant. The central idea is that viewing what is available to teachers and students in classrooms as abundant, rather than scarce, makes available the unseen histories, language, images, and ideas in everyday classroom life--makes it possible to break open the flat, literal "ordinariness" of classroom events, makes their complex and contested meanings visible, understandable, and pedagogically useful. Understanding the disciplines entrusted to schools (such as mathematics, writing, reading) as living inheritances, not as inert, finished, static, manipulable objects, means that the work of the classroom requires getting in on the real, living conversations that constitute these disciplines as they actually function in the world. This view of curriculum as abundance has a profound effect on classroom practice. Curriculum in Abundance addresses curriculum and teaching topics such as mathematics, science, environmental education, social studies, language arts, and the arts curriculum; issues that arise from inviting student teachers and practicing teachers into the idea of curriculum of abundance; the issue of information and communications technologies in the classroom; and the philosophical underpinnings of constructivism and the dilemmas it poses to thinking about curriculum in abundance. All of the chapters provide images of how to conduct interpretive research in the classroom. This critically important text for undergraduate and master's-level courses on curriculum methods, curriculum theory, teacher research, and philosophy of education speaks eloquently to students, teachers, teacher educators, and researchers across the field of education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-5601-3 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1482
T1  - Understanding language teaching: From method to postmethod. [References]
A1  - Kumaravadivelu,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2005-12991-000 LG - English IN - Kumaravadivelu, B.: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, US SO - (2006). xviii, 258 pp. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers PT - Book PT - Authored Book TC - (Abbreviated) Preface: The Pattern Which Connects Part One: Language, Learning, and Teaching Language: Concepts and Precepts Learning: Factors and Processes Teaching: Input and Interaction Part Two: Language Teaching Methods Constituents and Categories of Methods Language-Centered Methods Learner-Centered Methods Learning-Centered Methods Part Three: Postmethod Perspectives Postmethod Condition Postmethod Pedagogy Postmethod Predicament Postscript: The Pattern Which Comforts References Author Index Subject Index
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Foreign Language Education
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Concepts
KW  - connect
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Foreign Languages
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - major language teaching methods
KW  - methods
KW  - Orientation
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - postmethod perspectives
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching English as a second/foreign language
KW  - teaching English to speakers of other languages
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
T3  - ESL & applied linguistics professional series
N2  - (from the preface) The pattern which connects. That's what this book is all about. Not the so profound pattern that governs the evolution and ecology of all life on earth, but the more mundane pattern that connects the various elements of learning, teaching, and teacher education in the narrow field of teaching English to speakers of other languages. In order to understand language teaching, and its slow transition from method to postmethod, I considered it necessary to take a historical perspective to the development of major language teaching methods. I decided to limit the historical orientation to about 50 years or so of innovations in language teaching, and not venture into earlier times. My rationale is that it is only during the second half of the 20th century, with the advent of audiolingualism, that the language teaching profession entered a systematic and theory-driven phase. One more remark on the focus of this book is in order. In discussing language teaching methods, I do not see much merit in making any distinction between second and foreign languages, or between teaching English as a second/foreign language and teaching other languages such as French or Spanish as a second/foreign language. As for the readership, this book is intended primarily for graduate students, practicing teachers, and teacher educators. Drawing from seminal, foundational texts and from critical commentaries made by various scholars, I narrate the profession's slow and steady march from method to postmethod, and in the process, elucidate the relationship between theory, research, and practice. I mix materials that are old and new. The book is divided into three parts: (1) Language, Learning, and Teaching, (2) Language Teaching Methods, and (3) Postmethod Perspectives. I make it a point to highlight the underlying links within and between the parts in order to bring out the pattern which connects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-8058-5176-3 (hardcover), 0-8058-5676-5 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1483
T1  - Overview of Evidence-Based Practices. [References]
A1  - Rosenthal,Richard N.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-04289-006 LG - English IN - Rosenthal, Richard N.: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, US SO - Roberts, Albert R (Ed); Yeager, Kenneth R (Ed). (2006). Foundations of evidence-based social work practice. (pp. 67-80). xvii, 440 pp. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Case Management
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Psychodiagnosis
KW  - *Psychotherapeutic Processes
KW  - *Social Casework
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - College
KW  - Community & Social Services [3373].
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - New York
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Practice
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 67
EP  - 80
N2  - (create) EBP is a powerful technology-based methodology that can support clinical decisional process, but it must start with a valid diagnosis or problem properly framed into a specific question. The well-described and standardized process entails grading studies on the strength of evidence, necessitating in those conducting EBP a working knowledge of the general standards of the hierarchies of evidence. Once a critical appraisal of the broadly screened literature results in the best evidence for action, the intervention must be weighed in context of its acceptability to the patient's desires and values and the system's capacity to successfully implement it. Limitations intrinsic to the process are that EBP is necessary but not sufficient to drive proper clinical decision making for specific patients. The patient's clinical state and values render an evidence-based intervention suitable or not suitable. Limitations to EBP found within care systems tend to be at the level of diminished implementation due to poor conceptual buy-in, deficient knowledge, or systemic inertia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-19-530594-9 (hardcover), 0-19-530558-2 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1484
T1  - Will the Real Evidence-Based Practice Please Stand Up? Teaching the Process of Evidence-Based Practice to the Helping Professions. [References]
A1  - Shlonsky,Aron
A1  - Gibbs,Leonard
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Book: 2006-04289-009 LG - English IN - Shlonsky, Aron: Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Gibbs, Leonard: Department of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI, US SO - Roberts, Albert R (Ed); Yeager, Kenneth R (Ed). (2006). Foundations of evidence-based social work practice. (pp. 103-121). xvii, 440 pp. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press PT - Book PT - Edited Book
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Social Casework
KW  - *Social Work Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - client preferences
KW  - clients
KW  - Community & Social Services [3373]; Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - daily practice
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - helping professions
KW  - Human
KW  - inquiry
KW  - intervention
KW  - Learning
KW  - New York
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychology: Professional & Research.
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - Social Work Practice
KW  - Standard
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Wisconsin
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 103
EP  - 121
N2  - (create) Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a systematic process that blends current best evidence, client preferences (wherever possible), and clinical expertise, resulting in services that are both individualized and empirically sound. Though often misrepresented and misunderstood across the helping professions, EBP is a process, not a cookbook set of guidelines and standards imposed from above, not what we have been doing all along under another name, and not something that can be mastered quickly without learning new skills and new technology. EBP assumes a predisposition to inquiry as well as the impetus to pose specific questions. It assumes a fair-minded approach that eschews selling a particular position. Clients are served first, foremost, and always by identifying accurate assessment procedures and effective interventions, and by integrating them with client preferences and values. By searching equally hard for disconfirming evidence as well as for evidence that confirms a notion, and by objectively applying critical appraisal of evidence specific to each client (in real time, as events unfold), evidence-based practitioners may be able to integrate research into their daily practice as never before. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0-19-530594-9 (hardcover), 0-19-530558-2 (paperback)
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1485
T1  - Alternative education for at-risk youth: An analytical review of evaluation findings
A1  - Friedrich,Katherine Rose
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1997-95019-041 LG - English IN - Friedrich, Katherine Rose: Texas A&M U, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 58(4-A), Oct 1997, pp. 1197 ON - AAM9729193 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Academic Failure
KW  - *Educational Programs
KW  - *Nontraditional Education
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - alternatives
KW  - At Risk Populations
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Developmental Psychology [2800]; Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - effectiveness of alternative education programs in improving student performance
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional approaches
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - School Attendance
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - special needs
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Texas
KW  - US
KW  - youth at risk for academic failure
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1197
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 58
IS  - 4-A
N2  - The purpose of this research synthesis was to assess the overall effectiveness of alternative education settings for youth at risk for academic failure. The methodology was dictated by the data elements collected, which included both quantitative and qualitative information. Traditional meta-analysis as well as other methods for summarizing both types of data were employed. The analyses focused on how alternative education programs for at-risk youth could be categorized, how effective such programs were in terms of student performance, and what were the substantive and methodological factors that could influence program effectiveness. A critical examination of the quality of the evaluation studies reviewed was included. A total of 41 evaluation studies of 36 different alternative education programs for at-risk youth was identified for inclusion in the research synthesis. Four categories of alternative programs emerged from the data: alternatives designed to assist students with special needs, those which provided remedial instruction, those with a student-based curriculum and experiential learning instructional approach, and those programs to which students are referred for disciplinary reasons. Alternative education was found to have a positive effect on student achievement, although these findings were limited to remedial programs and programs with an innovative curriculum. Programs with a particular curriculum focus were also found to have a positive effect on student attendance. Small effects were observed regarding student attitudes. Alternative education was not found to be a successful deterrent for early withdrawal from school; however, student dropout rates did not increase as a result of enrolling in an alternative education program. Student behavior was the only area of student performance where enrollment in an alternative education program resulted in a negative outcome. The positive effects observed for student achievement in reading and mathematics an (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1486
T1  - Evaluation of curriculum effectiveness in developing critical thinking skills at Wentworth Institute of Technology
A1  - Melvin,Thomas Michael
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1997-95015-006 LG - English IN - Melvin, Thomas Michael: Nova Southeastern U, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 58(2-A), Aug 1997, pp. 0376 ON - AAM9720530 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Architecture
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500]; Cognitive Processes [2340].
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evaluation of curriculum effectiveness in developing critical thinking skills
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students enrolled in Architectural Engineering Technology vs Cooperative vs Engineering Cooperative Programs
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 0376
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 58
IS  - 2-A
N2  - The evaluation is based on the application of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) to determine if statistically significant differences exist in test scores between the student groups in the Department of Architecture which offers three programs. All incoming freshmen study for two years in the Architectural Engineering Technology (AET) program. For students who continue, at the beginning of the third year, they may launch into one of two options (a) the five year Architectural Cooperative Program (ARC) or (b) the four year Architectural Engineering Cooperative (AEC) program. The problem under investigation is that although critical thinking ability is an expected outcome of a college education and is an essential skill of technical and design professionals, WIT has yet to establish empirical research data to determine the level of student critical thinking ability, or to establish benchmarks for future evaluation efforts. The following ten research questions (RQ) were developed to address the problem: (1) What is an operational definition of critical thinking skills? (2) What are the critical thinking skills needed for effectiveness in the professional fields of engineering and architecture? (3) Based on the WGCTA, are there significant total mean score differences between the architectural-engineering (AEC-4) and architectural (ARC-5) senior level students, and the (AET-1a) freshmen? (4) Based on the WGCTA, are there significant total mean score differences between (AEC-4) and (ARC-5) senior level students, and the (AEC-3) and (ARC-3) juniors? (5) Based on the WGCTA, are there significant total mean score differences between the (AEC-3) and (ARC-3) juniors, and (AET-1a) freshmen? (6) Based on the WGCTA, are there significant total mean score differences between senior level (AEC-4) and (ARC-5) students? (7) Based on the WGCTA, are there significant total mean score differences between two independent freshmen groups, one group (AET-1a) tested at the beginning of the first semester and the other group (AET-1b) tested at the end of the first semester? (8) Based on the WGCTA are there significant total mean score differences between (AET-2) sophomores nearing completion of two years of study and entering (AET-1a) freshmen? (9) Based on the WGCTA, are there significant total mean score differences between fifth year (ARC-5) architectural students and entering (AET-1a) freshmen? (10) Based on the WGCTA, are there total mean score differences between the combined WIT students and comparable normative student groups from the WGCTA database? (Abstract shortened by UMI.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1487
T1  - Critical thinking: Impact on two classes of nursing students in an academic year
A1  - Nathan,Yvonne H.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1997-95021-201 LG - English IN - Nathan, Yvonne H.: Columbia U Teachers Coll, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 58(5-A), Nov 1997, pp. 1614 ON - AAM9734083 PT - Dissertation Abstract LO - US
KW  - *Cognitive Style
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - *Nursing Students
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Affect
KW  - appraisal
KW  - change in critical thinking skills in 1 academic year
KW  - City
KW  - Cognitive Processes [2340]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning styles
KW  - National League for Nursing
KW  - New York
KW  - New York City
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - students in 2 nursing classes
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1614
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 58
IS  - 5-A
N2  - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was improvement in critical thinking skills in two classes of nursing students over an academic year in their nursing education. This study also investigated how learning styles affect students' ability to think critically. Critical thinking has been acknowledged as an important skill for nurses (Berger, 1984; Kemp, 1985). Watson and Glaser's (1980) definition of critical thinking forms the basis of this study's theoretical framework. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) instrument was selected to examine critical thinking in this study. The subjects completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), Kolb's Learning Style Inventories (LSI), and a demographic questionnaire. The results from the WGCTA revealed the two classes of nursing students did not increase in their ability to think critically over an academic year. There was no relationship between GPA and WGCTA even though the group demonstrated a numerical increase in GPA. For both classes, there was no relationship between WGCTA, GPA and learning style. Learning style is believed to have an influence on student learning. In spite of numerous charges of serious instrument weakness, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory has become the most frequently used method of measuring learning styles among nursing students. Data were collected from two classes of nursing students over an academic year. This school is National League for Nursing (N.L.N.) accredited and located in New York City. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1488
T1  - The relationships among critical thinking, learning style, and perceived meaningfulness of case method teaching in a school nurse population
A1  - Zimmerman,Barbara J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1997-95008-338 LG - English IN - Zimmerman, Barbara J.: Widener U School of Nursing, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. Vol 57(10-B), Apr 1997, pp. 6183 ON - AAM9709110 PT - Dissertation Abstract LO - US
KW  - *Clinical Methods Training
KW  - *Cognitive Style
KW  - *Inductive Deductive Reasoning
KW  - *Meaningfulness
KW  - *School Nurses
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Age
KW  - Age Differences
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - and perceived meaningfulness of case method teaching in a school nurse population
KW  - appraisal
KW  - children
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Correlational Studies
KW  - critical incidents
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Need
KW  - health care needs
KW  - Human
KW  - Inservice Training
KW  - Insight
KW  - Intuition
KW  - Job Experience Level
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning style
KW  - Management
KW  - Meaningfulness
KW  - Middle Age (40-64 yrs)
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - open-ended questions
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - self
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solutions
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - The relationships among critical thinking
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Thirties (30-39 yrs)
KW  - Trust
KW  - United States
KW  - US
KW  - Variance
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6183
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering
VL  - 57
IS  - 10-B
N2  - The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to explore the relationships among critical thinking, learning style, and the perceived meaningfulness of case method teaching in a sample of school nurses enrolled in a school health management course taught by case method. School nurses are one population who needs to develop critical thinking ability to effectively meet the changing demands of their role. The increasingly diverse and special health care needs of children now require the school nurse to become more autonomous and self directed, requiring greater critical thinking skills. The health issues of school age youth result from increasingly complex social and emotional problems and the school nurse may be the only health care support for these children. Fifty-seven school nurses participated in this convenience sample. The variables were measured by the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal which measured critical thinking, the Gregorc Style Delineator which identifies learning style, a visual analogue which measured the perceived meaningfulness of case method teaching, and six open-ended questions which provided antedotal comments about case method teaching. The participant completed these questionnaires at the completion of the school health management course. The ages of the school nurses ranged from 27 years to 60 years with a mean age of 46.2 years. The nurses' years of practice ranged from 2 to 39, with a mean of 21.9 years. The school nurse participants represented eight states in the United States. The location of the school nurses' practice site was fairly divided between rural and suburban while 16% practiced in an urban setting. Correlational analyses were used to identify the nature of the relationships among critical thinking, learning style, perceived meaningfulness of case method teaching, age, and years of practice. Results demonstrated no significant relationships between critical thinking and learning style or perceived meaningfulness, or age or years of practice. There were also no significant relationships noted between learning style and perceived meaningfulness of case method teaching, or age, or years of practice. The t-test and An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were completed on grouped data to show no significant differences among groups mean scores. The anecdotal comments from the open-ended questionnaire (examining positive and negative critical incident and insight of case method teaching) lend support to the case method teaching strategy as a way of helping learners to find new ways of thinking, allow for learners to trust intuition, gain new perspective, develop multiple solutions, and develop a sense of accomplishment. Many of these comments are closely related to the process of the first steps in the process of critical thinking. Although the study is limited to a small, convenience sample, the anecdotes give some insight to the critical incidents within this group and may imply the need for pursuing future studies with more of a qualitative design. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4217
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1489
T1  - An assessment of the relationship between critical thinking and success in presolo flight training
A1  - Bell,William Alva
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1998-95021-021 LG - English IN - Bell, William Alva: Delta State U, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 59(5-A), Nov 1998, pp. 1803 ON - AAM9830808 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Achievement
KW  - *Aerospace Personnel
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Personnel Training
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - An assessment of the relationship between critical thinking and success in presolo flight training
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - data
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Regression
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Software
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1803
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 59
IS  - 5-A
N2  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the linkage between critical thinking and level of in-flight performance during presolo flight training. The subjects were students from two spatially separated universities with flight training programs. A total of 51 flight operations majors and 115 non-flight operations majors were included in the study. The instruments used were the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) and the ACT. The dependent variable was time from first instructional flight to solo. The data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Pearson's r, and multiple regression techniques. The statistical calculations were made with the software package Statistics With Finesse. All hypotheses were tested at the.05 level of significance. Findings indicated flight operations majors' scores on the WGCTA and/or ACT were not predictors of the subsequent level of performance during the presolo phase of flight training. The midwest university's non-flyers scored higher than their flyers on the ACT. The non-flyers at the midwest university scored higher on both the ACT and the WGCTA than the non-flyers at the midsouth university. The following conclusions were drawn from the results of the study: (1) the WGCTA is not an appropriate screening instrument for predicting student pilot performance during the presolo phase of flight training; (2) the WGCTA and ACT scores combined are not any better predictors of presolo flight performance than either used alone; (3) there is a demographic variable, institutional differences, associated with the higher non-flight operations majors' group scores at the midwest university; and (4) the weather is probably a factor in the number of days required to solo. The following recommendations were made as a result of the study: (1) track the subjects in the present study through receipt of their Private Pilot's license to determine if the WGCTA is a better predictor of pilot performance during the more complex phases of flight training that follow solo; (2) replicate this study, but increase the sample size; (3) examine the relationship between the WGCTA and the Science Reasoning component of the ACT; and (4) conduct similar studies with additional independent variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1490
T1  - An intertextual reading and critical analysis of the discipline of educational psychology: Disrupting the dominant discourse
A1  - Gallagher,Suzanne
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1998-95011-147 LG - English IN - Gallagher, Suzanne: Loyola U Chicago, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 58(12-A), Jun 1998, pp. 4553 ON - AAM9819607 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Educational Psychology
KW  - *Textbooks
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Chicago
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical discourse
KW  - critical discourse analysis
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - discipline
KW  - Discourse Analysis
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - intertextual reading & critical analysis of educational psychology as discipline
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literacy
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Science
KW  - skepticism
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - texts
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4553
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 58
IS  - 12-A
N2  - Using critical discourse analysis this dissertation examined the mainstream, dominant discourse of the discipline of educational psychology. This analysis included a discussion of social, political, and epistemological issues. From a position of Foucauldian skepticism regarding the human sciences assumptions of educational psychology were interrogated, and the discipline as a "regime of truth"--a nexus of power, knowledge, and social control--was critiqued. Evidence was offered showing that the discourse of the discipline produces the "truth" of the discipline. Two textbooks nominated by members of Division 15 (Educational Psychology) of the American Psychological Association as "classic" texts were utilized as sources of the discipline's dominant discourse. These mainstream texts are presented as social artifacts and sites of social struggle embedded in political, historical, and economic contexts. An intertextual reading, i.e., reading "texts against texts", provides a way for perspectives that have been marginalized or disqualified from the mainstream disciplinary perspective to provide counter-discourses to mainstream texts. The result is the disrupting of knowledge claims and practices sanctioned by the discipline, through which students are judged and labeled by their approximation to the "norm" established by the discipline. The practice of intertextual reading and critical analysis is recommended as a way for educational psychologists and those being initiated into the discipline to work toward a critical literacy. Through such literacy educational psychologists may become more reflexive regarding the discipline and their own practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1491
T1  - The effects of specialized critical thinking skills of teachers on the academic achievement of students
A1  - M'Murithi,Isaac K.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1998-95003-240 LG - English IN - M'Murithi, Isaac K.: South Carolina State U, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 58(8-A), Feb 1998, pp. 2938 ON - AAM9806683 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Grade Level
KW  - *Human Sex Differences
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - 6th & 8th grade middle school students
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Academic Achievement
KW  - Achievement
KW  - achievement test
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - assessment
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - eighth-grade students
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - grade & sex & race & SES & participation in class taught by teachers with vs without training in specialized critical thinking skills
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Male
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - middle school
KW  - Middle School Students
KW  - Population
KW  - Probability
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Race
KW  - Racial and Ethnic Differences
KW  - Reading
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - school students
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Training
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2938
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 58
IS  - 8-A
N2  - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were significant differences in the academic achievement of students who were taught by teachers who had received specialized critical thinking skills training and students who were taught by teachers who had not received such training. The data were collected from scores of students on the Basic Skills Assessment Program (BSAP) and the Stanford Achievement Test - Series 8. Scores of students on the reading and mathematics subtests of the Basic Skills Assessment Program were used to determine the academic achievement of the students, while scores on the Stanford Achievement Test were used as a control for the initial abilities of students in Grades 6 and 8. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version X (SPSS-X) was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was established at the.05 level of probability. The sample consisted of 893 middle school students in Grades 6 and 8. The population for Grade 6 accounted for approximately 55% (54.9%) of the total sample, while the students from Grade 8 accounted for 45% of the sample. Hypothesis 1, which predicted no significant differences in the academic achievement of the experimental and control groups of sixth-grade students, was rejected. Hypothesis 2, which predicted no significant differences in the academic achievement of experimental and control groups of eighth-grade students, was accepted. Hypothesis 3, which predicted no significant main and interaction effects of grade, sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the academic achievement of students, was partially rejected. Although the differences in the academic achievement of the two groups of students were not statistically significant at the.05 level of probability, test scores revealed some disparities between the two groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1492
T1  - Critical thinking skills instruction for postsecondary students with and without learning disabilities: The effectiveness of icons as part of a literature curriculum
A1  - Rose,Martha Mccann
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1998-95003-186 LG - English IN - Rose, Martha Mccann: U Connecticut, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 58(8-A), Feb 1998, pp. 3088 ON - AAM9806188 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Higher Education
KW  - *Learning Disabilities
KW  - *Literature
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attention
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - effectiveness of using icons in critical thinking skills instruction
KW  - Employer
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - inclusion
KW  - institutions of higher education
KW  - instruction
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - postsecondary students with vs without learning disabilities
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students with learning disabilities
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - thought
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
KW  - Variance
KW  - Writing
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3088
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 58
IS  - 8-A
N2  - Employers and educators have drawn attention to the deficiency of critical thinking skills among college students. Although increasing numbers of students with learning disabilities are enrolling in institutions of higher education, research attempting to design effective methods of instruction of critical thinking skills for postsecondary students with learning disabilities has been limited. This study examined the effectiveness of several methods of instruction of critical thinking skills for postsecondary students with and without learning disabilities. Seventy-five subjects were involved: 56 subjects without documented learning disabilities and 19 subjects with learning disabilities. Two instructional methods were used, one an enhanced version of the other. Three groups of students were involved. Two received explicit and embedded instruction of critical thinking skills as part of the curriculum of a literature course. One of those groups was also instructed in the use of icons which were designed to enhance instruction as aids to processing or representatives of analogous modes of thoughts. Inclusion of the icons was based on evidence of their effectiveness as found in a review of the literature (Grossen & Carnine, 1990: Montague & Bos, 1986). The third group was the control group. All students completed pre- and post-intervention tests: Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Forms A & B. Data from writing samples required for the class were gathered, and dichotomously coded to assess the connections between LD status and method of instruction as well as transfer of those skills. Using the pretest as the covariate, analyses of covariance were used to determine differences between means. The findings revealed that students who received explicit instruction improved their scores; however, instruction enhanced by icons was not more effective than instruction without icons. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences on the percentage scores on the writing samples of the two treatment groups. Students with LD received consistently lower scores on the writing samples. Qualitative data, which included the instructor's journal and interviews with a subset of the sample, indicated that subjects were more focused on comprehending content than they were on acquiring critical thinking skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1493
T1  - The literature classroom as a place for healing: A teaching model
A1  - Dailey,Katharine K.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1999-95011-035 LG - English IN - Dailey, Katharine K.: Bowling Green State U, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 59(12-A), Jun 1999, pp. 4384 ON - AAM9913575 PT - Dissertation Abstract LO - US
KW  - *Emotional Trauma
KW  - *Literature
KW  - *Models
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - class discussion
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - College Students
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading skills
KW  - development of teaching model recognizing power of literature for healing from trauma
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Healing
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Life
KW  - literary theory
KW  - Literature
KW  - Model
KW  - power
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Survival
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4384
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 59
IS  - 12-A
N2  - The purpose of this work is to develop a teaching model that recognizes the power of literature to inform the reader about his or her own life. Specific focus is given to ways that literatures of traumas inform the reader, who may have experienced parallel traumas. Pedagogical and literary theory, as well as theories describing processes of healing from trauma, provide the framework for this dissertation. A class, English 300: Literature of Survival, was designed and taught at Firelands College of Bowling Green State University to test this teaching strategy. Based upon class discussion and students' written work, it was concluded that such a teaching strategy serves to develop students' critical reading skills as well as providing students with tools for their own processes of surviving traumas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1494
T1  - Extending teacher reform and professional development: The case of a school on probation
A1  - Flores,Carmilva Souza
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1999-95017-054 LG - English IN - Flores, Carmilva Souza: U Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 60(3-A), Sep 1999, pp. 0646 ON - AAM9921686 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Educational Reform
KW  - *Elementary School Teachers
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - educational practice
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - elementary school
KW  - engagement in recognizing & evaluating & incorporating teaching & learning ideas of Chicago Teachers Academy for Mathematics & Science
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Illinois
KW  - interest
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reform
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - teachers at inner-city elementary school on probation
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 0646
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 60
IS  - 3-A
N2  - For years, the problem of engaging educators in efforts to promote long-lasting change in educational practice has been a problem discouraging teacher enhancement and school improvement efforts. This dissertation research was undertaken to study the problem of extending such teaching reform and professional development. The essence of this study was to learn of the largely informal although sometimes formal engagement of teachers in recognizing, evaluating and incorporating the teaching and learning ideas of the Chicago Teachers Academy for Mathematics and Science. Of great interest were the maintenance and renewal of continuing education, especially any critical mass of teachers extending these initiatives to new or reluctant colleagues. The school studied was in the fourth year of affiliation with the Teachers Academy. Over a three year period, I observed teacher activity at Southshore Elementary School, a Chicago inner-city school on probation. The need for change in teaching was forcefully articulated by the principal, responding especially to external pressures to increase test scores. It was clearly not a &ldquo;bottom-up&rdquo; change movement. Improvement in the teaching of mathematics appeared to be taking place slowly, perhaps in reading as well, but scores remained low. Science was seldom taught. What pedagogical and curricular changes there were peripheral rather than fundamental. Even for teachers involved in Academy programs, most implementation of activities was atheoretical in purpose, activity-oriented more than structural. Teachers felt pressured to look for quick solutions to increase student's skills and test scores. Their primary aim had become removing the school from probation. Opportunities for teachers to work together increased during the probation years, but time for reflecting and developing better teaching was rare. In a way, probation relief was robbing the school of opportunity to capitalize on its investment in Academy and other professional development programs. The Teachers Academy had good ideas for improving teaching but had no power to establish that those ideas were fundamental to the curriculum. The school people were aware of many problems; they worked hard at their jobs and they had a strong commitment to their students. What the school did was to make a sincere effort to rise up-and yet to land very close to the take-off point of four years earlier. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1495
T1  - The relationship between critical thinking proficiency and decision-making skill in prospective respiratory care practitioners
A1  - Hill,Thomas Vincent
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1999-95018-240 LG - English IN - Hill, Thomas Vincent: U Dayton, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. Vol 60(3-B), Sep 1999, pp. 1018 ON - AAM9923575 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Health Personnel
KW  - *Respiratory Tract Disorders
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking proficiency & decision-making skill
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - instruction
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prediction
KW  - prospective respiratory care practitioners
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1018
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering
VL  - 60
IS  - 3-B
N2  - Respiratory care practitioners evaluate the condition of their patients, make decisions about the appropriateness of the treatment plan, provide care, and evaluate the outcomes of their decisions. In order to practice effectively, they must think critically and make appropriate decisions. As educators make curricular changes to improve the decision making skills of their students, strategies to develop critical thinking have been proposed as one method of achieving this goal. This approach is based upon the hypothesis that a positive relationship exists between decision making and critical thinking. This study examined the relationship between critical thinking and decision making in prospective respiratory care practitioners and evaluated differences between educational programs. If a positive relationship could be demonstrated between these constructs, programs may improve the decision making skills of future practitioners by providing instruction which improves critical thinking. Using a correlational research design, decision making scores from a clinical simulation examination were compared with scores from the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal for 154 graduating respiratory care students from 11 programs. Program directors completed a questionnaire and were then interviewed about the methods they employ to develop critical thinking and decision making in their students. A significant correlation between critical thinking and decision making was found for 110 students completing the Secure Form of the clinical simulation exam (r = 0.32, p <.01) and 10 students completing Form 4 of the exam (r = 0.64, p <.05). No significant difference was found between programs. When examined individually, only two programs demonstrated statistically significant correlations between critical thinking and decision making. Case studies and clinical simulations were used by all programs, and most utilized role modeling, computer assisted instruction, patient rounds, small group discussion, and study skills courses. No apparent differences were identified in the use of these strategies by different programs. The findings support the prediction that students and practitioners with strong critical thinking proficiency should make better clinical decisions. Assessment of critical thinking proficiency could be used as one part of a process for evaluating prospective students and faculty for respiratory care programs. Program directors and faculty felt that case studies and clinical simulations are important strategies to utilize with their students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4217
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1496
T1  - The role of innovative teaching methodology and learning styles on critical thinking
A1  - Mccrink,Carmen Lourdes Suarez
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1999-95005-031 LG - English IN - Mccrink, Carmen Lourdes Suarez: U Miami, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 59(9-A), Mar 1999, pp. 3420 ON - AAM9905019 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Cognitive Style
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Logical Thinking
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community college
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Demographic Characteristics
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Factorial Analysis
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - innovative teaching
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning style
KW  - learning styles
KW  - liberal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Population
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - The role of innovative teaching methodology and learning styles on critical thinking
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3420
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 59
IS  - 9-A
N2  - The purpose of this study was to determine the role of innovative teaching methodology on critical thinking skills (Research Question 1) and the interaction between students' learning styles and teaching methodology on critical thinking (Research Question 2). An undergraduate Humanities course was used based on the liberal arts content and the relationship, according to the literature, between a liberal arts curriculum and the fostering of critical thinking skills. Two sections of Humanities 1020 at Miami-Dade Community College were identified for the study. The total number of subjects was 79 and both sections were taught by the same instructor. Out of several humanities sections offered, one section was randomly assigned and became the experimental or innovative group and the other section became the comparison or traditional group. Independent variables were the teaching methodology and the learning styles and the dependent variable was critical thinking. The research design consisted of a four by two factorial analysis where the four levels of the assigned variable represented each of the learning styles and the two levels of the active independent variable represented the teaching methodologies. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal instrument was used to measure the level of critical thinking skills from pre- to post-test using two sample t-tests and analyses of covariance; final grades and teacher evaluations were also compared. The Gregorc Style Delineator was used to assess students' learning styles during the first week of the term. Demographic characteristics were collected to provide further description of the population. Findings revealed no significant difference between the innovative and traditional methodology groups on critical thinking skills at the.05 level. The number of students completing the Gregorc Style Delineator were not adequate for statistical analysis. Given the low number of respondents, no conclusions could be drawn from this study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1497
T1  - Validation of performance assessments: Maximizing their utility and positive impact. (Maryland school performance assessment program)
A1  - Morgan,Kenneth Roy Delane
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 1999-95009-037 LG - English IN - Morgan, Kenneth Roy Delane: Howard U., US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 59(11-A), May 1999, pp. 4057 ON - AEH9911341 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Performance Tests
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Test Validity
KW  - 8th-9th grade students & teachers
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Classification
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - development of critical thinking
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - Model
KW  - Perception
KW  - Performance
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Regression
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - student comprehension
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching-learning process
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - validation & influence on teaching-learning process of Maryland School Performance Assessment Program tests
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4057
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 59
IS  - 11-A
N2  - Two interrelated problems were investigated in this study. They were (i) the empirical determination of fair and defensible cut scores for the Maryland School Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP), and (ii) an examination of the influence of performance assessments on the teaching-learning process. Regression analysis and the decision theoretic model were used to estimate optimum cut scores at which the proportions of false-negative and false-positive decisions are minimized. Specifically, 8,204 grade 9 Maryland Functional Reading and Mathematics test scores (MFRT-II and MFMT-II) as well as grade 8 MSPAP test scores were randomly selected. Fifty-percent of the scores (termed screening sample) were used to estimate the regression slopes and constants. The accuracy of the regression equations were tested in the calibration sample. Subsequently, those samples were merged. The combined MSPAP scores were regressed onto the Maryland Functional Tests, then the converse was done. The geometric average line, produced by bisecting the angle between those regression lines, was used to estimate the cut scores. The MSPAP reading cut score of 400 and the classification accuracy of 93.3 were similar to that which were obtained by Hunyh's procedure. This consistency was not observed between the mathematics cut scores; i.e., each method produced a different cut score. Additionally, grades eight and nine teachers' perceptions of the influence of performance assessment on the teaching process was obtained by using a self-administered questionnaire. Seventy-two public school teachers from a suburban county completed the questionnaire. Between 20-35 percent indicated that MSPAP has so far influenced their selection of topics, the format of their tests and the time spent on the development of critical thinking skills. It is suggested that those positive influences of MSPAP could be enhanced by providing student profiles or feedback on student comprehension deficiencies that may serve as a base for adaptive teaching, curriculum planning and test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1498
T1  - An exploratory study on the implementation of collaborative learning environments: Challenges and constraints
A1  - Ante,Brian C.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 2000-95005-147 LG - English IN - Ante, Brian C.: The Catholic U America, US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 60(9-A), Apr 2000, pp. 3267 ON - AAI9946924 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Cooperative Learning
KW  - *Learning Environment
KW  - *Teacher Student Interaction
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - 2nd graders
KW  - Achievement
KW  - achievement test
KW  - America
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges & constraints in implementation of collaborative learning environments
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - collaborative learning
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - elementary school
KW  - Elementary School Students
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - instruction
KW  - Intention
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading test
KW  - reform
KW  - Regression
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
KW  - Variance
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3267
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 60
IS  - 9-A
N2  - This research addressed the issue of student collaboration in designing and controlling learning in a traditional, teacher controlled direct instruction environment. Some educational theorists have suggested that students might become more engaged and think more critically if teaching pedagogy were adapted to value as resources for learning, students' various interests, intentions, commitments and purposes (Cazden, Cope, Fairclough, Gee, Kulantiz, Kress, A. Luke, C. Luke, Michaels, & Nakata, 1996). With the Ishikawa (1985) "Plan, Do, Check, Act" collaborative environment, students would help the teacher "Plan" instruction, which should help them to understand what they are supposed to do; making goals more meaningful, before attempting to "Do" the requisite school work. Students would also help the teacher "Check" work completed so that they would better understand what improvements need to be made, and so the teacher would better understand what difficulties the students were faced with, before attempting to "Act" upon improving performance. Fall, 1997 and Spring, 1998 Stanford Achievement Test (9th ed.) total reading and total math results for all second graders at an urban elementary school were collected. Multiple regression analyses for the treatment group were conducted, using SAT-9 scores as dependent measures, and the observational codes (quantified) as independent variables, to determine what occurred in the treatment classroom that most influenced test results. Mean test results and standard errors were compared between collaborative and traditional classrooms to determine if the "Plan, Do, Check, Act" collaborative effort had an observable effect. Results indicated that students actively "reading" accounted for 82% of the variance on total reading test scores and 73% on total math test scores, making it the single most important independent variable. "Discussing work plans/progress," within which "Plan, Do, Check, Act" belonged, was not significant, at least as implemented. Spring test results were similar for the collaborative classroom students and the traditional classroom students, and the change in scores indicated that no effect for the treatment could be explained. Qualitative themes derived from data collection are discussed, especially regarding the conducting of research in an urban school system undergoing mandated reform. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1499
T1  - Critical thinking tests and higher education research
A1  - Boyd,Karen Bryn
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 2001-95017-089 LG - English IN - Boyd, Karen Bryn: Georgia State U., US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 62(3-A), Sep 2001, pp. 984 ON - AAI3008097 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Cognitive Ability
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Higher Education
KW  - *Reflectiveness
KW  - *Test Validity
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Graduate Management Admission Test
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Interview
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Management
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading test
KW  - reflective judgment
KW  - Regression
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - test validity
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Variance
KW  - Verbal Ability
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 984
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 62
IS  - 3-A
N2  - Critical thinking has become an important objective in higher education. However, educators disagree about how critical thinking should be defined and measured. The Reflective Judgment Interview [RJI] (King & Kitchener, 1994), a measure of adult levels of critical thinking, has received thorough construct validation, but the interview is time-consuming and expensive to administer and its ability to explain other educationally relevant behaviors has not been empirically tested. The Graduate Management Admission Test's [GMAT] Analytical Writing Ability [AWA] essay test is being advertised as a test of critical thinking, but the AWA has not been empirically validated. The present study asks whether differences in critical thinking, defined as reflective judgment, explain a significant portion of the variance in the Graduate Management Admission Test's [GMAT] Analytical Writing Ability [AWA] essay test, after differences in vocabulary and verbal ability have been partialled out. The 44 participants were paid volunteers; all were state university students who had recently taken the GMAT. Students completed the vocabulary portion of the Nelson-Denny Reading Test and the RJI. Official GMAT reports supplied GMAT Verbal Scores and AWA essay scores. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that even after differences in vocabulary and verbal ability had been partialled out, RJI scores explained a significant portion of the variance in AWA essay scores (R2 = .08, p = .01). These results confirm that the GMAT essay is a valid measure of reflective judgment and that the RJI does explain other educationally relevant behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1500
T1  - Promoting critical thinking: An analysis of instructional techniques with undergraduates in a university setting
A1  - Hunt,Catherine Adele
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 2003-95011-117 LG - English IN - Hunt, Catherine Adele: Kansas State U., US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 63(12-A), 2003, pp. 4244 ON - AAI3076096 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Student Attitudes
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assignment format efficacy
KW  - California
KW  - classroom
KW  - context
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - dispositions
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional techniques
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Logic
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students preference
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4244
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 63
IS  - 12-A
N2  - Critical thinking has long been acknowledged as being a goal of higher education. This study used different instructional interventions with undergraduates to analyze factors influencing critical thinking in the classroom. Students were randomly assigned to either a control group or one of three experimental groups to assess the efficacy of different assignment formats in context of a critical thinking skills test. As part of the study, students completed both The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (Form 2000). In addition, data was gathered to determine students' preference for different instructional techniques not related to the instructional intervention. Students showed a wide range of critical thinking dispositions and skills, with lower dispositional scores on the Truth-Seeking and Systematicity subscales. Additionally, the analysis of students' assignments revealed deficits in students' understanding and expression of factors integral to critical thinking; namely, the identification of separate points of view, the justification of a singular point of view, and the provision of supporting evidence. Students also expressed a preference for large group, lecture, and small group activities. Reading and writing were identified by students as being least preferred because the activities required additional time, effort, and thought. This study concluded that students were not spontaneously developing critical thinking skills within the classroom setting and that they required specific critical thinking instruction in order to effectively understand and utilize critical thinking skills. It was recommended that faculty use critical thinking instruments to identify students, specific difficulties with particular critical thinking dispositions and skills. Faculty were also encouraged to deliberately design instruction in order to incorporate formalized aspects of critical thinking within assignments, including students, use of logic, their understanding and justification of multiple points of view, and the accurate use of evidence to articulate different perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1501
T1  - Remediating the professional classroom: The new rhetoric of teaching and learning
A1  - Fisher,David Dean
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 2006-99023-126 LG - English IN - Fisher, David Dean: Iowa State U., US SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 67(6-A), 2006, pp. 2032 ON - AAI3223017 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Rhetoric
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - active learning
KW  - activism
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom activities
KW  - classroom instruction
KW  - classrooms
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - content management systems
KW  - definition
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - incarnation
KW  - instruction
KW  - Internet
KW  - Iowa
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - Methodology
KW  - practice
KW  - professional classrooms
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Resistance
KW  - rhetoric
KW  - Science
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Social Psychology [3000].
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2032
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 67
IS  - 6-A
N2  - The incarnation of many Internet-based courses is informed by traditional notions of classroom instruction, in which course/content management systems (CMSs) like WebCT and Blackboard are used to reproduce actions undertaken in brick-and-mortar classrooms. In this dissertation I argue that the way in which the CMS is configured and deployed can provide students with the sense that they are immersed in a social activity other than taking a college course. Elaborating on simulation-building methodologies, I show how we have created a CMS called MyCase that helps classroom instructors evoke and immerse students in discourse-demanding situations within several disciplines. This sense of immersion is especially important for communication-intensive courses in which students seek to practice disciplinary and workplace genres whose social motive may not be readily reproducible within the confines of the (computer) classroom. The dissertation details qualitative studies conducted in a management course and a professional communication course of students and instructors who used simulations built with MyCase. Results indicate that students participating in these simulations (1) attribute greater significance for their professional lives to the activities in which they engage within the simulation than they do to other classroom activities and (2) engage in activities that more closely match established definitions of active learning than other classroom activities, including those involving traditional (Harvard) case studies. In addition, by providing concrete examples of student actions, I argue that the affordances of an online environment for simulating time and space enable students to reflect on their practices and even engage in critique and critical practices (ranging from quotidian resistance to organized activism). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 1502
T1  - Learning through online discussion
A1  - Rourke,Liam
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Dissertation Abstract: 2006-99007-066 LG - English IN - Rourke, Liam: U Alberta, Canada SO - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol 66(10-A), 2006, pp. 3568 ON - AAINR08724 PT - Dissertation Abstract
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Humanities
KW  - *Learning
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Analysis
KW  - argument
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - context
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical discourse
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Empathy
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - feelings
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - group discussions
KW  - Human
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Messages
KW  - Needs
KW  - Observation
KW  - online discussion
KW  - Praise
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - small groups
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Technology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3568
JF  - Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
VL  - 66
IS  - 10-A
N2  - In this qualitative case study I examined five students' experiences and understandings of learning through online discussion. The context of my study was a graduate-level humanities course offered entirely at a distance. Online discussion was a prominent feature of the course. During its 15-weeks, 67 separate weeklong conferences were mounted to support small group activities, whole group discussions, and student-moderated forums. The instructor played only a marginal role in these conferences. My data collection activities included interviews and observations. I read all messages as they were added to the conferences, conducted three, one-hour, semi-structured interviews with each participant, and exchanged emails with the participants several times during the study. I analyzed the messages and the interview transcripts using qualitative content analysis techniques associated with grounded theory, and I employed measures to promote trustworthiness associated with naturalistic research. During our interviews, the students described their activities in the conference and the outcomes to which these led. Their activities included (1) providing others with praise and encouragement, (2) presenting informal arguments, (3) engaging in discursive explorations, and (4) making connections between course topics and their personal experiences. The corollary set of outcomes included (1) engendering feelings of camaraderie and empathy, (2) gathering supplemental information, (3) making the course content meaningful, (4) discovering and clarifying ideas, (5) changing their perspectives, and (6) completing the course on schedule. Contrary to constructions of this technology in our literature, the students did not approach the conferences as forums for critical discourse or collaborative meaning making. To encourage critical discourse or collaborative meaning making, one of three things needs to be present: (1) an energetic and skilled facilitator, (2) a conferencing system that assumes some of the facilitator's functions, or (3) a learning activity in which small groups engage in purposive collaborative activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0419-4209
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1503
T1  - Critical Thinking for an Ideal Academic World. [References]
A1  - Christopher,Andrew N.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2004-17598-033 LG - English MA - Christopher, Andrew N.: drewe@anderson-college.edu IN - Christopher, Andrew N.: Department of Psychology, Anderson College, Anderson, SC, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2004 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - academia
KW  - academic world
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - College
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - Needs
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology Education
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2000, Vol 45(4), 442-444. Reviews the book Critical Thinking in Psychology: A Unified Skills Approach, by D. Alan Bensley (see record 1998-06468-000). Critical Thinking in Psychology would make an excellent addition to the psychology curriculum. It not only teaches critical thinking skills in a systematic manner, but does so by applying these skills to important psychological issues. Furthermore, the book offers opportunities for students themselves to apply critical thinking skills to psychological concerns. Thus, this book helps students learn critical thinking skills by using as well as reading about them. Critical Thinking in Psychology is an excellent book, both in its content and style of presentation. If indeed "the main goals of a psychology course should be to get students to think like psychologists, to apply the same critical thinking skills to human behavior that scientists do" (McBurney, 1996, pp. vii-viii), then this book contains great potential for a variety of psychology courses. The book's major drawback is that teachers may have trouble finding the most appropriate places in the curriculum to use it. In a sense, this book provides too much of a good thing; that is, there are so many places in the curriculum it could, and perhaps should, be used. In an ideal world, this is not a problem. However, the academic world is far from ideal. Consequently, if teachers want their students to reap the many benefits this book has to offer, then teachers themselves will need to think critically about where it can be used to best suit their students' needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1504
T1  - Critical Pedagogy Arrives in the U.S. "Foreign Language" Community. [References]
A1  - Crookes,Graham V.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2004-21120-032 LG - English MA - Crookes, Graham V.: crookes@hawaii.edu IN - Crookes, Graham V.: Department of Second Language Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, HI, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2004 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection LO - US
KW  - *Foreign Language Education
KW  - *Foreign Languages
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical pedagogy
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Foreign Language Education
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Language
KW  - Linguistics & Language & Speech [2720].
KW  - Orientation
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - sociolinguistics
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 2004, Vol 49(5), 593-595. This work is intended primarily for a U.S. audience composed of those in the foreign language (FL) teaching and research community. Although some chapters have broader relevance, others are necessarily narrowly focused. The book can be taken as more widely significant, however, if it is seen as a temporal marker that indicates the further dispersal of ideas associated with critical pedagogy into a relatively conservative part of the education system in the English-speaking world. Thus it can be read with interest by radical educators of many orientations and subject specializations; and it would also be of interest to teachers of languages other than English in English-dominant countries besides the United States. The reviewer was pleased and encouraged by the appearance of this work. Though intended (as the book jacket says) for use in FL education programs and courses in "critical pedagogy, critical language awareness, sociolinguistics, and social and cultural foundations," and thus pitched particularly at the developing teacher, it is nevertheless a work of considerable scholarship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1505
T1  - Toward a Modern Survey of Psychology: One Strong Step for Tradition, One Giant Leap for Diversity. [References]
A1  - Gaia,A.Celeste
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2004-17490-044 LG - English IN - Gaia, A. Celeste: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2004 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Textbooks
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - challenge
KW  - cultural issues
KW  - diversity
KW  - English
KW  - General Psychology [2100].
KW  - Information
KW  - introductory psychology
KW  - introductory psychology textbook
KW  - introductory textbook
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Issues
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technique
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1997, Vol 42(5), 449-450. Saul Kassin has developed a new introductory psychology textbook (see record 1996-97184-000), taking advantage of several techniques to reach the beginner student in psychology. Authors of any introductory textbook face the daunting task of adequately surveying the field without overwhelming the undergraduate student. Kassin meets this challenge and goes a step further by organizing the material into an easily understood, coherent structure. To address contemporary social and cultural issues, special sections in the book are devoted specifically to relevant topics. Finally, Kassin includes useful activities and strategies to encourage the reader to critically contemplate the presented information. Without neglecting the most poignant of social issues and concerns, this text combines topics found in traditional textbooks with current, and often controversial, research. This text fills a gap in the area of introductory psychology by offering a viable alternative to instructors who desire to expose students to a modern, diverse survey. Instructors will find Kassin's textbook a valuable resource and tool. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1506
T1  - "Educational Play": A Contradiction in Terms? [References]
A1  - Haight,Wendy L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2004-17590-043 LG - English IN - Haight, Wendy L.: U Illinois, School of Social Work, Urbana, IL, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2004 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Childhood Play Behavior
KW  - *Early Childhood Development
KW  - *Education
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - challenge
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - childhood education
KW  - childhood play
KW  - children
KW  - early childhood
KW  - early childhood development
KW  - early childhood education
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500]; Developmental Psychology [2800].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Infancy (2-23 mo)
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Social Work
KW  - US
KW  - Work
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1999, Vol 44(1), 87-88. Review of book: Multiple Perspectives on Play in Early Childhood Education, edited by Olivia N. Saracho and Bernard Spodek (see record 1997-36701-000). Saracho and Spodek's objective is to integrate empirical and theoretical knowledge about play to inform practice. Although recognizing the centrality of play to the development of young children, Saracho and Spodek challenge the reader to examine critically the play ethos implicit in much of early childhood education. By presenting multiple perspectives on play, Saracho and Spodek's volume provides a differentiated look at the various roles of various types of play in various aspects of development for various children. Saracho and Spodek's volume contributes to the literature by challenging us to think critically about the role of play in the ways in children's development and in the ways in which adults may support children's play. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1507
T1  - Paean to Gruber Lacks Harmony. [References]
A1  - Cramond,Bonnie
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2005-11215-001 LG - English SO - PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 50 (45), 2005 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Art
KW  - *Creativity
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Morality
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - children
KW  - Citizenship
KW  - classroom
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Creativity
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Howard Gruber
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Morality
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
VL  - 50
IS  - 45
N2  - The title of this book, Education, Arts, and Morality: Creative Journeys (see record 2005-01933-000), intrigued me. I found the combination of the concepts in the title compelling and wondered how the book would unite education, arts, morality, and creativity in meaningful ways. Unfortunately, that is the key problem with the book: The chapters seem disconnected from each other, and the concepts are sprinkled throughout the book rather than entwined in a connected thread. Although the authors of all of the chapters refer to Howard Gruber's work, no sense of unity is created by this, because the references vary from brief allusions to Gruber's approach, as in Chapters 1, 2, and 5, to a claim that Gruber's ideas were the "theoretical underpinning" of the work in Chapter 3 (p. 46). Therefore, it is hard for the reader to recognize that Gruber's evolving systems approach to creativity is the central theme of the book. Another central problem with the book is that it is not clear for whom the book was written. There is certainly not enough about creativity, aside from a few key chapters, for the book to be of wide interest to psychologists interested in creativity. The two chapters dealing with morality do not form enough of a critical mass to interest those whose work centers on this topic. For those interested in education, the chapters on moral behavior in children, critical exploration in the classroom, and citizenship education may be of interest, but only to a very select group of educators, whose interest in the other chapters may be minimal. That being said, the book does have merit. It is generally well written (although not evenly copyedited). Taken individually, many of the chapters are quite interesting and informative, although this would certainly vary with the background and interests of the reader. It is a quick read, concise, and fluent, for those familiar with the concepts. Although not recommended to any group as a whole, individual chapters might be quite useful for psychologists with specialized interests. Perhaps an introductory chapter that explicated Gruber's theories and made the relationship between and among the chapters clearer could have demonstrated the unity seen by the editor but not by this reviewer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1508
T1  - Educating Students of Research Methods for Life. [References]
A1  - Homan,Sharon
A1  - Homan,Catherine
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2005-09086-001 LG - English SO - PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 50 (37), 2005 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Social Sciences
KW  - *Textbooks
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - content
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Internet
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Note
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research methods
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260].
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social science research
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
VL  - 50
IS  - 37
N2  - Reviews the book Essentials of Research Methods: A Guide to Social Science Research, by Janet M. Ruane (see record 2005-05682-000). Ruane wrote Essentials of Research Methods with the threefold purpose of actively engaging undergraduate students in learning how research methods "really do matter," teaching basic skills along with a useful working knowledge of research methods, and "launch[ing] a new breed of methods students--students of research methods for life" (pp. x-xi ). In this review, the authors describe how Ruane sought to achieve this purpose and offer critical appraisals by a professor of research methods and by an undergraduate student, the primary audience for this text. Despite some reservations, the reviewers note that the text has many exceptional features, including its lucid writing style, great Internet resources, interesting real-life examples, and thorough coverage of the essentials of research methods for undergraduate students. Essentials of Research Methods uses contemporary examples that help the reader appreciate and understand research methods. The content is nicely packaged into "lecture-ready" chapters, but the cohesive thread of research methodology gets lost, and the types and objectives of social research are not clearly delineated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1509
T1  - Reading Research Critically: Learning by Doing
A1  - Bordin,Edward S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06269-029 LG - English IN - Bordin, Edward S.: University of Michigan, MI, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Clinical Psychologists
KW  - *Counseling
KW  - *Counseling Psychologists
KW  - *Educational Programs
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical psychologists
KW  - controversies
KW  - Counseling
KW  - counseling psychologists
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Multivariate Analysis of Variance
KW  - Observation
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Pathology
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading research
KW  - representation
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Solid
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1975, Vol 20(12), 959-960. Reviews the book, Counseling and Accountability: Methods and Critique (Vol. 30 of the Pergamon General Psychology Series) by Harman D. Burck, Harold F. Cottingham, and Robert C. Reardon (1973). There continues to be considerable controversy over the function of research training in educational programs for counseling and clinical psychologists. The authors' solid grounding in schools of education and their main orientation toward counseling psychologists are reflected in their choice of articles for review Of 13 articles, four are drawn from the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology and from Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, the remaining from publications directed toward counseling interests The articles were chosen, not to represent key contributions to knowledge, but to represent a range of type, theory, setting, and research design. As suggested, their settings are largely educational and more concentrated on problems of development than pathology. There is a good range of representation in research designs from observations of a single case over time to complex multigroup multivariate analysis of variances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1510
T1  - Between a Boulder and a Soft Psy.D. [References]
A1  - Cleveland,Sidney E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06529-022 LG - English IN - Cleveland, Sidney E.: Veterans Administration Medical Center, Houston, TX, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Psychologists
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - College Students
KW  - content
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - professional psychology
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - selfadministered tests
KW  - trends
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1983, Vol 28(3), 208-209. Reviews the book, Critical Issues, Developments, and Trends in Professional Psychology edited by J. Regis McNamara and Allan G. Barclay (1982). This is the first volume in a projected series on issues and developments in professional psychology. A unique feature of the series is the inclusion of self-administered tests on the content of the material covered so that the reader may obtain continuing education credit. This book is intended as an introductory graduate text in professional psychology, as an upper-level undergraduate text, and as a source book for practicing professional psychologists. It easily fulfills these modest goals. The volume serves the goal of providing in one available source the distillation of many articles on many issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1511
T1  - Wide is the Range
A1  - Debus,Ray L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06245-048 LG - English IN - Debus, Ray L.: University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Human Development
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Measurement
KW  - *Psychological Theories
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Education
KW  - educational practice
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Development
KW  - interest
KW  - Learning
KW  - Organization
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychological Theory
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - theoretical concepts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1973, Vol 18(12), 663-664. Reviews the book, Psychological Theory and Educational Practice: Human Development Learning and Assessment by H. S. N. McFarland (see record 1973-09997-000). Written as a "critical introduction to the psychology of human development, learning and assessment" for students of education and teachers, Mc-Farland's text deals with a wide range of concepts and topics within its 300 pages. While the pattern of organization of the book and many of the illustrative examples reflect features and problems of the British educational scene, the chapters on development, in particular, have a wider interest and relevance. The author's discussion does, as he intended, venture to advance "a good deal of practical suggestion," particularly in areas where theoretical concepts and empirical research leave major gaps. His practical wisdom, together with his deftness in illustration and clarificatory use of analogy, contribute in many chapters to a freshness and readability that his readers will appreciate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1512
T1  - Speaking Directly to Students
A1  - Fletcher,Frank M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06102-025 LG - English IN - Fletcher, Frank M.: Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, OH, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Emotional Adjustment
KW  - *Mental Health
KW  - *Theoretical Orientation
KW  - adjustment problems
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - Author
KW  - Average
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - Depression
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - introductory psychology
KW  - Language
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Personality Traits & Processes [3120].
KW  - Population
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology Education
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - speaking
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1967, Vol 12(7), 370. Reviews the book, A Guide for Adjusting to College: Mental Health for Students by Arthur G. Nikelly (1966). This book is at least relatively unique in that it was written "to speak directly to the student in a language that he understands," without a required prerequisite of an introductory psychology course. There is good coverage of adjustment problems in a student population, and the writing is well-founded theoretically but also shows a good dose of "common sense." Although some psychologists reading the book might be critical from the standpoint of their own theoretical orientation the author has the right to his own orientation and presents it well in terms that the average student should be able to comprehend. The discussions on anxiety and depression are excellent and would provide worthwhile reading for most college students since all experience these symptoms to more or lesser degrees. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1513
T1  - Rogerian Pedagogy: Lessons for Today's Teachers
A1  - Jackson,Philip W.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06408-028 LG - English IN - Jackson, Philip W.: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Chicago
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - freedom
KW  - Human
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Rogerian pedagogy
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1984, Vol 29(1), 39-40. Reviews the book, Freedom to Learn for the 80's by Carl R. Rogers (1983). Carl Rogers--who turned eighty-one this year, believe it or not--remains a passionate critic of what passes for teaching in our nation's schools and colleges. Rogers spells out his well known critical perspective and updates it for today's readers. The result is a book that will be welcomed by all who share Rogers's outlook on human affairs. It also bids fair to win him new support among the as-yet-unconverted. The benefits of the kind of teaching that Rogers advocates are claimed to be multiple. Much of this book is devoted to substantiating that claim. First and foremost are the psychological "highs" experienced by both teachers and students under the conditions of a person-centered approach. These experiences vary greatly from situation to situation, as one might expect, and there is even some scattered evidence to show that they do not necessarily happen to everyone. Nonetheless, the bulk of the testimony about what it feels like to experience a Rogerian approach to pedagogy--pages upon pages of which are interlarded in the book--is overwhelmingly positive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1514
T1  - Therapeutic Doubt: Enhancing Clinical Effectiveness Through Critical Thinking. [References]
A1  - Knight,Tracy A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-05352-001 LG - English SO - PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 51 (24), 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical psychology
KW  - Clinical Psychology Graduate Training
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Culture
KW  - curiosity
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidenced based practices
KW  - Experience
KW  - Goals
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Human
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Language
KW  - Library
KW  - meetings
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Personnel Attitudes & Characteristics [3430].
KW  - Psychodiagnosis
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - skepticism
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
VL  - 51
IS  - 24
N2  - Reviews the book, Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice: Improving the Quality of Judgments and Decisions (2nd ed.) by Eileen Gambrill (see record 2006-02275-000). In this second edition of Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice: Improving the Quality of Judgments and Decisions, Eileen Gambrill invites clinicians to engage in a fresh, frequently neglected enterprise: critical self-examination. In doing so, she has produced an ambitious and impressively comprehensive book that belongs in the library of every clinician and in the backpack of every clinical graduate student. This book is filled with useful perspectives and ideas that cannot help but enhance one's clinical practice. But be forewarned: To benefit from this book, the reader has to relinquish any illusion of certainty and replace it with attributes such as humility and persistently unfulfilled curiosity. The author discusses many other influences on clinician decisions, including agency cultures and psychological factors. The psychological factors influencing clinicians' decisions--including the clinicians' goals, their information-processing strategies, and their faulty self-assessments--also contribute to frequent and sometimes enduring errors, ones that can be easily addressed merely by acknowledging those tendencies within us all. Part 2 of the book explores "Common Sources of Error," expertly exploring the influences wielded by language (the clinician's, the client's, and the field's). Given the field's current commitment to evidence-based practice (EBP), it was fitting for the author to include a pertinent chapter in this second edition. In it, she deftly argues for the active exploration and use of research evidence as an alternative to authority-based practice. She details the philosophies, models, and steps in EBP and then enumerates 28 objections to it and her counterarguments. In doing so, she emphasizes the flexibility and respect for experience inherent in EBP that are not always apparent and is persuasive in her respect for the potential of EBP. At the same time, her commitment to the process, although clear, did not include many of the objections I often encounter. The final chapters of this book concern how organizational cultures (including staffing and team meetings) can be enhanced to better embrace the potentials of all involved and, fittingly, how we all can discover our personal barriers to critical thinking and maintain the gains we achieve. Rarely have I found a clinical book so uniformly valuable. Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice deserves to be read, cover to cover, by all practicing clinicians, clinical graduate students, and trainees. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1515
T1  - Intended for teachers-in-training
A1  - Lytton,H.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06243-062 LG - English IN - Lytton, H.: University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Creativity
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Educational Psychology
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Canada
KW  - Creativity
KW  - Education
KW  - educational programs
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educational reform
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - strategies
KW  - Stress
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1973, Vol 18(10), 501. H. Lytton responds to Micheal A. Wallach's review (see record 2006-06249-002) of Lytton's book, Creativity and Education (1972). Wallach considers the gravest charge against the book is that it exaggerates the importance of adopting one educational strategy as against another, e.g., "progressive" versus "traditional" schooling, etc, a tendency that he suggests is endemic in education. He seems to imply that the book encourages educational faddism. This statement suggests that he did not read all of the book. In the final chapter Lytton makes it clear that he doubts whether the school can turn real convergers into true divergers and stresses the need for a critical attitude in the face of much "creativity" enthusiasm. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1516
T1  - Information to Inform Research-Based Practice and Policy in Early Childhood Education. [References]
A1  - McCarthy,Sherri
A1  - Hookstra,Glenn
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-03868-001 LG - English SO - PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 51 (17), 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Early Childhood Development
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Policy Making
KW  - *Preschool Education
KW  - Age
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - Career
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - childhood education
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - doctoral students
KW  - early childhood
KW  - early childhood education
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - handbook
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - preschool
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - research-based practice
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
VL  - 51
IS  - 17
N2  - Reviews the book, Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children: A Problem-Solving Approach for Educators (2nd ed.) by Bernard Spodek and Olivia N. Saracho (Eds.) (see record 2005-14862-000). Most early childhood educators have numerous references that they use to inform their interaction with, and teaching of, young children as well as their interaction with those preparing for a career in early childhood education. These references may range from textbooks used years ago in their own formal preparation for a career to articles found in current professional journals. The editors of Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children refer to their volume as a researcher's vade mecum, or something to be carried about by a person for constant use or reference. Although we could not envision carrying the massive 600-page volume constantly, we certainly do recommend that if you are involved in preparing early childhood educators or working with preschool age children, it should be on your desk as a worthwhile reference. Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children is organized into four sections: "Early Childhood Education and Child Development," "Early Childhood Educational Curriculum," "Foundations of Early Childhood Educational Policy," and "Research and Evaluation Strategies for Early Childhood Education." Each section contains six to nine studies. There are a total of 55 contributors. All of the contributors are either doctoral students or university professors, and the majority also have practical experience in classrooms working with young children. The format mirrors that of the first edition of the Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children, but all of the material in this second edition is new. The volume of information points to the comprehensive nature of the handbook; however, as the editors point out, there are still several areas that are not dealt with because of the small amount of research that has been conducted in those areas since the first edition. The Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children is indeed a worthwhile desk companion. Although not entirely comprehensive, it provides a firm foundation of relevant research on the education of young children. It would take a multiple-volume endeavor to be more comprehensive. Some readers may think that critical areas have been omitted while somewhat esoteric research is included. Nevertheless, considering the nature of the current state of early childhood education, this volume is an admirable contribution to the field and we recommend it to anyone involved with policy or practice related to young children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1517
T1  - Other criteria better
A1  - Robinson,Daniel N.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06273-057 LG - English IN - Robinson, Daniel N.: Georgetown University, Washington, DC, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Books
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Evaluation Criteria
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Readability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Average
KW  - Book
KW  - book reviews
KW  - Books
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - Contemporary Psychology journal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - editorial policies
KW  - English
KW  - evaluation criteria
KW  - General Psychology [2100].
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - media
KW  - practice
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology students
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - readability criteria
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1975, Vol 20(4), 367-368. Comments on the tendency of reviewers and correspondents to take recourse to so-called "readability" and "interest" measures in assessing the merits of books discussed in Contemporary Psychology (CP). It is assumed the source of this tendency is a concern for students and a desire to alert professors to the sort of greeting a given text is likely to receive from an undergraduate audience. While this is a worthy motive, a journal of reviews may not be the appropriate medium. And since the average reading proficiency of the American college student is that of an eighth-grader, this practice invites the wrong students to pursue psychology and turns away the very potential scholar so desparately needed. It is suggested that the pages of CP be reserved for serious, critical appraisals of important works in the field of psychology and that readers be spared the weary litany of metrics intended to describe the mechanical and least important elements of a scholarly work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1518
T1  - Problem Solving: From Classroom to Board Room
A1  - Shulman,Lee S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2006-06263-024 LG - English IN - Shulman, Lee S.: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US SO - PsycCRITIQUES. 2006 American Psychological Assn PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Business
KW  - *Creativity
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Problem Solving
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - business
KW  - classroom
KW  - Cognitive Processes [2340].
KW  - Creativity
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Motivation
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - psychological laboratory
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
N2  - Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1974, Vol 19(6), 464-465. Reviews the book, Psychology of Problem Solving: Theory and Practice by Gary A. Davis (1973). The author's motivation in preparing this book was a very bothersome awareness of two immense bodies of information. The book is divided into three major sections: In the first, a general overview of problem solving is presented. The second major section of the book consists of descriptions of research and theory in problem solving conducted by academic psychologists. The third section of the book is the most unique when contrasted to most extant books in the field. The book concludes with two appendices which could prove useful to those planning to conduct research or evaluation on creative problem solving. In conclusion, this book succeeds admirably as a well-written overview of problem solving and creativity in the psychological laboratory, in education, and in business. It will not satisfy the reader seeking an extended critical analysis of the relations among these fields. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1519
T1  - Active and Productive Learning: Teachings for Integrating Science and Art--From Music to Physics Through Space and Time. [References]
A1  - Charyton,Christine
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Electronic Collection: 2007-00969-001 LG - English SO - PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 52 (15), 2007 American Psychological Association PT - Electronic Collection
KW  - *Art
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Science Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Art
KW  - art concepts
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - creative thought
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - critical thought
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - educational reform
KW  - educational system
KW  - English
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - images
KW  - Learning
KW  - Music
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - reform
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - science concepts
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - student engagement
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - theoretical thinking
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Travel
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - PsycCRITIQUES
VL  - 52
IS  - 15
N2  - Reviews the book, Productive Learning: Science, Art, and Einstein's Relativity in Educational Reform by Stanislaw D. Gtazek and Seymour B. Sarason (see record 2006-12376-000), stating that the text is written in an inviting and dialogical manner. It appears both scientific and casual--as an interactive exchange of ideas. Several statements hit home. The concepts of science and art both need to be integrated in the educational system. Both share aspects of each other in the context of educational reform. Furthermore, both share the need to engage students in creative and critical thought. The direction of Glazek and Sarason's text tends to permit the reader to travel with theoretical thinking, using one's creative and critical thinking skills. A discussion of quantum theory with images of the planets entertains a personal connection with music. Overall, Glazek and Sarason offer an interactive text that engages the reader and ponders a need for in-depth discussion emphasizing theory in science. The authors were successful in engaging the reader through creative and critical thought. The art of teaching is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1520
T1  - An approach to teaching problem solving in the classroom
A1  - Dale,Paul M.
A1  - Ballotti,Dean
A1  - Handa,Sangita
A1  - Zych,Trina
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1997-04443-004 LG - English IN - Dale, Paul M.: Purdue U, HORIZONS Student Support Program, IN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Educational Programs
KW  - *Problem Solving
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Average
KW  - classroom
KW  - College Students
KW  - college students with physical disabilities or from low income families
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Disabled
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Family Background
KW  - form
KW  - HORIZONS Student Support Program approach to teaching problem solving in classroom
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Lower Income Level
KW  - Physical Disorders
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Retention
KW  - Skill
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 76
EP  - 79
JF  - College Student Journal
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
N2  - The HORIZONS Student Support Program has been in existence at Purdue University since 1978. HORIZONS is a retention program which received $241,639 from the US Department of Education for the 1995-96 academic year to serve 330 1st generation, low-income, or physically disabled students. For the fall semester 1994, HORIZONS implemented a new facet of the freshman course that trained 71 students in solving problems. Students were given alternate forms of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal as pre- and posttests. Average scores increased significantly from the 20th percentile to the 35th percentile in 1 semester. These scores indicate a need for problem solving training for this type of student and also indicate that teaching problem solving skills can significantly increase problem solving ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0146-3934
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1521
T1  - Communities of difference: A critical look at desegregated spaces created for and by youth
A1  - Fine,Michelle
A1  - Weis,Lois
A1  - Powell,Linda C.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1997-06560-001 LG - English IN - Fine, Michelle: City U New York, Graduate School & University Ctr, NY, US SI - Special Issue: Symposium: Ethnicity and education PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Multicultural Education
KW  - *Racial and Ethnic Relations
KW  - *School Environment
KW  - *School Integration
KW  - *Student Characteristics
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - City
KW  - Classroom Dynamics & Student Adjustment & Attitudes [3560].
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Human
KW  - issues in school communities & ways of dealing with differences among students & role of desegregated spaces to nurture multiracial & multiethnic communities
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - New York
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Symposium
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 247
EP  - 284
JF  - Harvard Educational Review
VL  - 67
IS  - 2
N2  - Discusses 3 different school communities and the schools' various approaches to dealing with differences among their students. Notions of equal status contact theory are used, supplemented by 3 literatures--those of community, difference, and democracy--to discuss 3 desegregated spaces on a continuum, from one in which racial differences are unquestioned and racist discourse uninterrupted by faculty or staff to one in which teachers are actively working toward creating a space where differences are acknowledged and respected. Through this contrasting of desegregated spaces, the authors challenge readers to "imbalance privilege, incite community, to both value and pluralize difference"--to create teaching and learning spaces that nurture multiracial and multiethnic communities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0017-8055
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1522
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and psychiatry
A1  - Geddes,John
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1997-43089-001 LG - English IN - Geddes, John: U Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept of Psychiatry, Ctr for Evidence-Based Mental Health, Oxford, England PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Average
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - definition
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Technology
KW  - use of evidence-based medicine in psychiatry
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 84
JF  - Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - Defines "evidence-based" medicine (EBM) as a set of strategies designed to help the clinician keep up-to-date and to base his/her clinical decision on the best available external evidence. The steps involved in EBM include a precise definition of the clinical problem, an efficient search for the best available evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence, and integration of the research findings with clinical expertise. At each stage of EBM, recent developments in information technology and clinical epidemiology and biostatistics are harnessed. The author discusses the skills that the average clinician would need to use EBM as well as ways to start using EBM in psychiatry. Access to high quality sources of evidence is crucial to the feasibility of EBM. The use of journals of secondary publication that include abstracts of articles from clinical journals is advocated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0790-9667
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1523
T1  - Structuring reflection: Teaching argument concepts and strategies enhances critical thinking
A1  - Klein,Perry
A1  - Olson,David R.
A1  - Stanovich,Keith
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1997-06450-004 LG - English IN - Klein, Perry: U Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Arguments
KW  - *Concepts
KW  - *Logical Thinking
KW  - *Strategies
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - 5th graders
KW  - argument
KW  - Canada
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - Concepts
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Elementary School Students
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evaluation of written arguments & improvement of critical thinking
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Ontario
KW  - organizational strategies
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Relative
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching of concepts about argument components & strategy to organize application of components
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 38
EP  - 47
JF  - Canadian Journal of School Psychology
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - By middle childhood most students understand the concept of evidence, but do not use it when reading or writing arguments. It was hypothesized that teaching concepts about argument components, and teaching a strategy to organize the application of these concepts, would improve students' evaluations of written arguments. In a 2x2 factorial design, 55 5th graders read, wrote, and discussed arguments in instructional groups that emphasized argument concepts, an organizational strategy, both concepts and strategy, or neither concepts nor strategy. Students in all treatment groups improved relative to the control group in evaluating arguments, and transferred gains from social to science items. Concept instruction significantly improved students' evaluations of invalid arguments with plausible claims. Strategy instruction significantly improved their argument writing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0829-5735
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1524
T1  - Exploratory study of residents' conceptual framework for critical appraisal of the literature
A1  - Williams,Brent C.
A1  - Stern,David T.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1997-43503-005 LG - English IN - Williams, Brent C.: U Michigan Medical Ctr, Ann Arbor VA Medical Ctr, Dept of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Comprehension
KW  - *Concept Formation
KW  - *Medical Residency
KW  - *Reasoning
KW  - 1st yr internal medicine residents
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Classification
KW  - Conception
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - conceptual framework for critical appraisal of intervention trial in literature
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - Intention
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Model
KW  - Pain
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Resident
KW  - Responses
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 275
JF  - Teaching and Learning in Medicine
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - Describes internal medicine residents' a priori conceptual approach to critical appraisal of intervention trials. An exploratory content analysis was performed of 41 1st-yr residents' unprompted descriptions of strengths and weaknesses of a randomized trial of spa therapy for back pain. 88% of responses were assigned independently by 2 reviewers to 23 categories. Residents agreed on some important characteristics (e.g., blinding), disagreed on others (e.g., similarity of treatment and control groups), frequently mentioned some irrelevant characteristics (e.g., objective vs subjective outcomes), and rarely mentioned some important criteria (e.g., intention to treat). An open-ended questionnaire reliably revealed both expected and unexpected conceptions and misconceptions among residents who had received minimal or no formal instruction in critical appraisal. A classification model for residents' critical appraisal concepts is proposed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1040-1334
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1525
T1  - Critical appraisal and evidence-based psychiatry
A1  - Churchill,Rachel
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1998-11557-013 LG - English IN - Churchill, Rachel: U London, King's Coll-Inst of Psychiatry, London, England SI - Special Issue: Research Methods in Psychiatric Epidemiology PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - *Psychometrics
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - curriculum on critical appraisal & evidence-based psychiatry
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Etiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410]; Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 344
EP  - 352
JF  - International Review of Psychiatry
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
N2  - Presents an overview of curriculum intended to provide an understanding of what critical appraisal is and why it is necessary, and how it contributes to the practice of evidence-based medicine. This work also makes the student aware of the aspects of how the design and conduct of a study are likely to impact the results; gives the student the ability to appraise the evidence on etiology and treatment; the ability to identify inadequacies in previous research to be addressed in the design of a new study; and enables the student to better decide, based on the best currently available evidence, how to care for their patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0954-0261
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1526
T1  - Literacy professionals' perspectives on professional development and pedagogy: A United States survey
A1  - Commeyras,Michelle
A1  - DeGroff,Linda
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1999-13371-003 LG - English IN - Commeyras, Michelle: U Georgia, Athens, GA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Educational Personnel
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teacher Attitudes
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy professionals
KW  - literacy teaching
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mail
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Motivation
KW  - newspapers
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - perspectives on trends in professional development & pedagogy for literacy teaching & learning
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responses
KW  - Sample
KW  - Student
KW  - student teachers
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - trends
KW  - United States
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 434
EP  - 472
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
N2  - Explored insights into literacy professionals' perspectives on current trends in literacy teaching and learning. A mail questionnaire was sent to a random sample of US K-12 teachers, reading specialists, administrators, library-media specialists, and teacher educators. Results are based on 1,519 responses. The report discusses results in terms of professional development and pedagogy. Results indicate that literacy professionals (1) read practitioner journal articles, books, and professional newspapers more often than research journals or electronic sources; (2) believe that collaborative experiences between mentor and student teachers, and teacher educators are important, but many have had little experience with such collaborations; (3) are familiar with teacher research, are interested in becoming teacher researchers, and find their practices influenced by teacher research; (4) agree that book clubs are valuable form of pedagogy, but most have not had such experiences themselves and fewer still had experiences with book clubs dealing with multicultural literature; (5) have knowledge, experience, and interest in portfolio assessment; and (6) find intrinsic indicators of motivation to be more meaningful than extrinsic indicators. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1527
T1  - Teaching information on medical prescriptions using two instructive feedback schedules
A1  - Cromer,Krista
A1  - Schuster,John W.
A1  - Collins,Belva C.
A1  - Grisham-Brown,Jennifer
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1998-01334-002 LG - English IN - Cromer, Krista: Rockcastle County Schools, Rockcastle County Middle Schools, Mount Vernon, KY, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Feedback
KW  - *Information
KW  - *Prescription Drugs
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - 11-13 yr olds with moderate mental retardation & related disabilities
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Aged
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - continuous vs intermittent instructive feedback schedules
KW  - control
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Retardation
KW  - middle school
KW  - Middle School Students
KW  - middle schools
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading of critical information on prescription containers
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - school students
KW  - schools
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 61
JF  - Journal of Behavioral Education
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
N2  - Examined the effectiveness of teaching 3 middle school students (aged 11-13 yrs) with moderate mental retardation and related disabilities to read textual stimuli (i.e., critical information) on medical prescription containers. Also, the acquisition of instructive feedback stimuli provided in the consequent statements, was assessed using a continuous (i.e., provided on every trial), and an intermittent (i.e., provided on every third trial) presentation schedule. A multiple probe design across behaviors and replicated across students was used to demonstrate experimental control. Results indicate that all Ss acquired and generalized responses to the targeted stimuli; they also acquired most of the instructive feedback stimuli regardless of the schedule employed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1053-0819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1528
T1  - Critical thinking and learning processes for students in two major fields
A1  - Gadzella,Bernadette M.
A1  - Masten,William G.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1998-11850-007 LG - English IN - Gadzella, Bernadette M.: Texas A & M U, Dept of Psychology & Special Education, Commerce, TX, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Academic Specialization
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Skill Learning
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - College
KW  - college teachers
KW  - Commerce
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - critical thinking skills & effective learning processes
KW  - Education
KW  - effective learning
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Human
KW  - implications for teachers
KW  - journal
KW  - Justice
KW  - Learning
KW  - liberal
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - Sociology
KW  - special education
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students majoring in psychology & special education vs sociology & social work & criminal justice
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 256
EP  - 261
JF  - Journal of Instructional Psychology
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - To address the importance and need of teaching students critical thinking skills and effective learning processes this study compared scores on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) and the Inventory of Learning Processes (ILP) for 2 groups of students majoring in Psychology and Special Education (n=23) in the College of Education and Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice (n=17) in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The results show that students in Psychology and Special Education scored significantly higher on 2 subtests (Inference and Evaluation of Arguments) and total critical thinking on the WGCTA as well as on the Deep Processing scale of the ILP. It is hypothesized that psychology professors may emphasize more of the thinking and problem-solving strategies and how to critically and scientifically evaluate the ideas that are taught than do sociology professors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0094-1956
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1529
T1  - Beyond the sponge model: Encouraging students' questioning skills in abnormal psychology
A1  - Keeley,Stuart M.
A1  - Ali,Rahan
A1  - Gebing,Tracy
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1998-11411-003 LG - English IN - Keeley, Stuart M.: Bowling Green State U, Dept of Psychology, Bowling Green, OH, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Abnormal Psychology
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Questioning
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - college students in abnormal psychology class
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - explicit training in asking critical questions
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questioning
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 274
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - Argue that educators should provide students with explicit training in asking critical questions. The authors describe such a training strategy taught in summer and fall abnormal psychology courses. The summer class consisted of 27 students and the fall class consisted of 80 students. At the beginning of both courses, students completed a pretest for which they asked questions after reading an essay. On an identical posttest at the end of the courses, students asked significantly more questions overall and particularly asked significantly more critical evaluation questions. The results support the promise of using explicit questioning training in promoting the evaluative aspects of critical thinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1530
T1  - The undergraduate psychology club: Possibilities and suggested activities
A1  - Satterfield,Craig D.
A1  - Abramson,Charles I.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1997-41436-008 LG - English IN - Satterfield, Craig D.: Oklahoma State U, Stillwater, OK, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *School Club Membership
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - College Students
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - US
KW  - use of undergraduate psychology club to enhance & strengthen psychology undergraduate program
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 36
EP  - 38
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - This article illustrates the use of an undergraduate psychology club to enhance and strengthen a psychology undergraduate program. Topics discussed include (a) forming a club, (b) club activities, (c) recruiting members, (d) structure of the club, and (e) fund raising. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1531
T1  - What introductory psychology students attend to on a course syllabus
A1  - Becker,Angela H.
A1  - Calhoon,Sharon K.
Y1  - 1999/11//
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1999-00754-001 LG - English IN - Becker, Angela H.: Indiana U, Dept of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Kokomo, IN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Advance Organizers
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - college students in introductory psychology class
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - importance of and attention to items of syllabus information
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Information
KW  - introductory psychology
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Policy
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology students
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 6
EP  - 11
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - Before receiving their introductory psychology syllabus, and again at the end of the semester, 863 students rated how much they would attend to 29 syllabus items. Dates of exams and assignments received the highest initial ratings; course information, withdrawal dates, and titles and authors of readings received the lowest. First-semester students attended more than continuing students to prerequisites, location of materials, holidays, support services, and late assignment and academic dishonesty policies and less to types of tests and assignments. Nontraditional students attended more to course goals, titles and authors of readings, and type of assignments than did traditional students and less to holidays and late assignment and academic dishonesty policies. Across all students, ratings of 18 items changed significantly over time (15 getting less attention). Instructors need to adopt strategies to focus attention on in, formation to which students pay relatively little attention but that is critical for success. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1532
T1  - "Evidence-based clinical behavior analysis, evidence-based medicine and the Cochrane collaboration. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 30, 1-14" by E. Gambrill (1999): Erratum
A1  - Gambrill,Eileen
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1999-11418-008 LG - English IN - Gambrill, Eileen: U California, School of Social Welfare, Berkeley, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal CF - Annual Conference of the Northern California Association for Behavior Analysis, 16th, Jan, 1998, Oakland, CA, US CN - The original article was based on a paper presented at this conference
KW  - *Behavioral Assessment
KW  - *Clinical Methods Training
KW  - *Clinicians
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior Therapy
KW  - California
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - erratum
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based medicine & Cochrane collaboration as tools for evidence-based clinical behavior analysis in training & practice
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Welfare
KW  - words
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 154
JF  - Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
N2  - Reports errors in the original article by E. Gambrill (Journal of Behavior Therapy, 1999 [Mar], Vol 30[1], 1-14). The title and 3 references were omitted, and the abstract and key words contained typographical errors. Corrections appear here. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1999-05194-001.) Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who share this interest. EBM involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research and considering the values and expectations of patients/clients. Advantage can be taken of educational formats developed in EMB, such as problem-based learning and critical appraisal workshops in which participants learn how to ask key answerable questions related to important clinical practice questions and to access and critically appraise related research. The CC is a world-wide network of centers that prepare, maintain, and disseminate systematic reviews on the efficacy of healthcare. These databases allow access to evidence related to clinical practice decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0005-7916
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1533
T1  - Good readers, good teachers? Subject matter expertise as a challenge in learning to teach
A1  - Holt-Reynolds,Diane
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 1999-10996-002 LG - English IN - Holt-Reynolds, Diane: Michigan State U, East Lansing, MI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Awareness
KW  - *Competence
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Awareness
KW  - awareness of subject matter expertise as learned in teacher education
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Model
KW  - play
KW  - prospective teachers
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - reform
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Student
KW  - student teachers
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - undergraduate secondary school student teachers
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 50
JF  - Harvard Educational Review
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
N2  - Critically examines the importance placed on subject matter expertise in the training of 12 secondary school teachers who were undergraduate literature majors. Recognizing that knowledge of subject matter has been a major concern in national calls for education reform, the author explores the role that such knowledge plays in a prospective female teacher's conceptualization of skillful and successful teaching. Through a case study of M., one subject matter expert enrolled in the college-level teacher training program, the author demonstrates how, for this teacher, subject matter expertise did not translate into an understanding of how to model that expertise or share it with students. Providing extensive data to support her identification of M. as an expert reader, she then shows how M. failed to see her expertise as learned and suggests that this failure caused M.'s expertise to be "unavailable" for teaching literature as a subject. Drawing on her conclusions from this case study, the author expands the definition of subject matter expertise to include an awareness of that expertise as learned. She ends with a clear challenge for teacher educators to help prospective teachers recognize their subject matter expertise and learn ways to share and model it with students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0017-8055
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1534
T1  - Teaching evidence-based practice in mental health
A1  - Bilsker,Dan
A1  - Goldner,Elliot M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-05697-005 LG - English IN - Bilsker, Dan: U British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal NT - This article originally appeared in Evidence-based Mental Health Vol 2, 68-69
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Residency
KW  - *Mental Health
KW  - *Psychiatric Training
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - beliefs
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Consumer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - medical students
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Methodology
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychiatric residents
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - questioning
KW  - researchers
KW  - Resident
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - Training
KW  - training in evidence-based practice in mental health
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 664
EP  - 669
JF  - Research on Social Work Practice
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
N2  - This reprinted article originally appeared in Evidence-based Mental Health Vol 2, 68-69. The authors present the core virtues of the evidence-based paradigm (questioning of unfounded beliefs, rigorous scrutiny of methodology, critical appraisal of proposed treatments), and their experiences in teaching evidence-based practice to psychiatric residents. It is stated that the aim of such training is to produce informed consumers of evidence, not researchers or methodologists and that lessons learned in psychiatric training have obvious applications to social work education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1049-7315
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1535
T1  - Enemies of critical thinking: Lessons from social psychology research. [References]
A1  - Douglas,Nancy L.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-02125-004 LG - English IN - Douglas, Nancy L.: U Michigan, School of Education, Dearborn, MI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Cognitive Psychology
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Logical Thinking
KW  - *Social Psychology
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - beliefs
KW  - complexity
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - definition
KW  - development of critical thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - implications for teaching methods
KW  - journal
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Social Psychology
KW  - Social Psychology [3000].
KW  - social& cognitive psychology research on critical thinking
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 129
EP  - 144
JF  - Reading Psychology
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
N2  - Examines changes in definitions of critical thinking. The most frequently cited definition of critical thinking points to the importance of belief, yet there is a dearth of research and theory in the reading arena concerning the construct of belief. Social psychologists have investigated belief, however, and have found evidence for two belief theories which are useful in understanding the complexity and problematic nature of teaching students to think critically. Two strands of social psychology research are explored. One strand provides evidence for the notion that people find it much easier to believe than to disbelieve. The other strand of research suggests that once beliefs are formed, they are extremely resistant to change. How these tendencies are able to operate simultaneously in humans, as well as implications for the development of critical thinking are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0270-2711
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1536
T1  - Is the EPDS a magic wand?: 2. 'Myths' and the evidence base
A1  - Elliott,Sandra A.
A1  - Leverton,T.J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-12631-002 LG - English IN - Elliott, Sandra A.: U Greenwich, School of Social Sciences, London, England PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Health Screening
KW  - *Postpartum Depression
KW  - *Psychological Assessment
KW  - *Treatment
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Psychological Testing [2224]; Affective Disorders [3211].
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Depression
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Myths
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - use of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in evidence based practice
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
EP  - 307
JF  - Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
N2  - Research has shown that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a valid screening tool and that health visitor interventions based on non-directive counselling are effective treatments for postnatal depression. Purchasers and managers are therefore requiring health visitors to use the EPDS. The result should be good evidence-based practice. Research on the EPDS and associated health visitor interventions has actually been interpreted very differently in different areas. Worrying misunderstandings have arisen. Implicit and explicit assumptions in some current systems have been examined in the light of available evidence. Where no research has been reported evaluation has been based on experience in health visitor training and clinical practice. It is concluded that the development of good evidence-based practice requires critical appraisal of research. New ways of working require a carefully planned collaborative approach between appropriate health care professionals and service users. Training and ongoing support are crucial when new practices are introduced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0264-6838
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1537
T1  - In rehearsal: Complicating authority in undergraduate critical-inquiry classrooms. [References]
A1  - Fecho,Bob
A1  - Commeyras,Michelle
A1  - Bauer,Eurydice Bouchereau
A1  - Font,George
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-11489-002 LG - English MA - Fecho, Bob: bfecho@coe.uga.edu; Commeyras, Michelle: michelle@coe.uga.edu; Bauer, Eurydice Bouchereau: ebauer@coe.uga.edu; Font, George: gcfont@home.com IN - Fecho, Bob: U Georgia, Dept of Reading Education, Athens, GA, US Commeyras, Michelle: U Georgia, Dept of Reading Education, Athens, GA, US Bauer, Eurydice Bouchereau: U Georgia, Dept of Reading Education, Athens, GA, US Font, George: U Georgia, Dept of Reading Education, Athens, GA, US SI - Special Issue: Preparing teachers to teach literacy PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Authority
KW  - *Classroom Environment
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Author
KW  - Authority
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom environment
KW  - classrooms
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical inquiry
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - images
KW  - inquiry
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Male
KW  - meaning
KW  - preservice teachers
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Education
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teachers
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 471
EP  - 504
JF  - Journal of Literacy Research
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - Discusses 3 lenses through which to explore how authority can be reimagined in critical inquiry reading education courses. If teacher educators want emerging teachers to inquire into the complexities of authority and to reimagine how it might operate in schools, then firsthand experience troubling it in our own classrooms is needed. The 3 authors, who are reading education professors, problematized their classroom authority as they sought to enact critical inquiries with preservice teachers. Preservice teachers, in addition to eventually having to manage curriculum, must also face the reality of having to function as authority figures while still maintaining a classroom conducive to meaning making. However, in order to interrupt their traditional images of teacher as authority figure, they need to experience contrasting images. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1086-296X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1538
T1  - From "epi" through "meta" to mastery. The balance of meaning and skill in early reading instruction
A1  - Frost,Jorgen
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-02290-001 LG - English IN - Frost, Jorgen: National Ctr for Logopedics, Oslo, Norway PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Metalinguistics
KW  - *Psycholinguistics
KW  - *Reading Development
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Spelling
KW  - 3 step model paralleling stages in metalinguistic development with focus on acquisition of meaning & skill
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Awareness
KW  - control
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Language Development
KW  - meaning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Norway
KW  - Phonics
KW  - psycholinguistic
KW  - psycholinguistic framework for reading & spelling instruction
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spelling
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Verbal Meaning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 125
EP  - 144
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
N2  - A psycholinguistic framework for reading and spelling methodology at the preliminary stage is outlined. Based on the theory of metalinguistic development (A. Karmiloff-Smith, 1986 and J. E. Gombert, 1992), the framework involves a 3-step model for early reading and spelling instruction where the instructional steps are parallel to the critical stages in metalinguistic development. The instructional sequence involves supported reading of connected text (epilinguistic control), focus on word identification and word analysis skills (metalinguistic awareness) and repeated reading of connected text (automatisation). By striking a balance between focus on meaning and focus on skill, a practical and theoretical possibility of bridging the embarrassing gap between whole language and phonics teaching is demonstrated. Examples are given showing that elements proposed in the framework can be identified in instructional programs that have been shown to be effective in well-designed evaluation studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0031-3831
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1539
T1  - A critical meta-analysis of all evaluations of state-funded preschool from 1977 to 1998: Implications for policy, service delivery and program evaluation
A1  - Gilliam,Walter S.
A1  - Zigler,Edward F.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2001-03187-001 LG - English MA - Gilliam, Walter S.: walter.gilliam@yale.edu IN - Gilliam, Walter S.: Yale U, School of Medicine, Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Educational Program Evaluation
KW  - *Government Programs
KW  - *Lower Income Level
KW  - *Preschool Education
KW  - *School Readiness
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Competence
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Early Intervention
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - form
KW  - Goals
KW  - Head
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - intervention program
KW  - journal
KW  - Kindergarten
KW  - low income children
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - Performance
KW  - Policy
KW  - preschool
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - Preschool Education
KW  - Preschool Students
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Retention
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - School Attendance
KW  - school readiness
KW  - state preschool programs
KW  - Study
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 441
EP  - 473
JF  - Early Childhood Research Quarterly
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
N2  - Presents a critical meta-analytic review of the evaluations of 13 of the current 33 state preschool programs for low-income children (which serve children 3 to 5, provide some form of classroom-based educational service, and are primarily funded and administered at the state level), providing measures of standardized effects for all significant impacts to facilitate comparisons across differing domains of outcome and evaluative methods. Although several methodological flaws in these studies are identified, the pattern of overall findings may offer modest support for positive impacts in improving children's developmental competence in a variety of domains, improving later school attendance and performance, and reducing subsequent grade retention. Significant impacts were mostly limited to kindergarten and first grade; however, some impacts were sustained several years beyond preschool. The results of these studies were similar to evaluations of other large-scale preschool programs for low-income children, such as Head Start. Modest outcome goals are warranted for preschool programs serving low-income children, for example, the promotion of school readiness. Suggestions are presented for improved preschool and early intervention program evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0885-2006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1540
T1  - A qualitative analysis of scaffolding use in a resource-based learning environment involving the World Wide Web. [References]
A1  - Greene,Barbara A.
A1  - Land,Susan M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-14181-001 LG - English IN - Greene, Barbara A.: U Oklahoma, Instructional Psychology & Technology, Norman, OK, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *School Learning
KW  - *Social Interaction
KW  - *Teacher Student Interaction
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - complexity
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Female
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - Male
KW  - meaning
KW  - Peers
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - qualitative analysis of scaffolding used while working on Web as resource based environment & procedural guidelines & interactions with instructor & other students
KW  - Role
KW  - scaffolding
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technology
KW  - US
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 151
EP  - 179
JF  - Journal of Educational Computing Research
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
N2  - A qualitative analysis was conducted of 18 college students using different types of scaffolding (instructional supports) while working on a World Wide Web (WWW) project. Four different support mechanisms were examined: (1) WWW resources; (2) procedural guidelines for the instructional activity; (3) student-student interactions; and (4) instructor-student interactions. Three major findings related to use of the WWW as a resource-based learning environment are discussed: (1) the utility of scaffolds and WWW resources seems dependent on the ability of learners to readily grasp how the scaffold or resource could help them; (2) learners' preconceptions and search strategies were difficult to alter, despite ongoing evidence that searching was not leading to project clarification; and (3) social scaffolding based on face-to-face dialogue with instructors and peers was critical to helping learners manage the complexity of the open-ended project. Implications are considered related to the role of instructional scaffolding in encouraging shared meaning and learning with WWW resources. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0735-6331
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1541
T1  - Contemporary models of management education in the UK
A1  - Holman,David
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-05388-003 LG - English IN - Holman, David: U Sheffield, Inst of Work Psychology, Sheffield, England PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Epistemology
KW  - *Higher Education
KW  - *Management Training
KW  - *Models
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - epistemology & pedagogy in contemporary British models of management education & role in society & higher education
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Liberalism
KW  - Management
KW  - management education
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Organization
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - practice
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 197
EP  - 217
JF  - Management Learning
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
N2  - What is the role of higher education in society? How should universities be managed? What is learning, and what should count as ideal outcomes of that process? What types of knowledge should a higher education pursue? The aim of this article is to examine how these questions are currently being considered and dealt with within management education in the UK. It does so by outlining four models of management education: academic liberalism; experiential liberalism; experiential vocationalism; and the experiential/critical school. Each of these models is examined in relation to the assumptions it makes about epistemology, the nature of management, pedagogy, the organization of management education and universities, and the role of management education in society. Based on an appraisal of the relative advantages and disadvantages of each model, the article goes on to speculate about possible future directions for management education, and the relationship of this to the current context of higher education and the Dearing Report. The article concludes with suggestions for possible avenues of future research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1350-5076
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1542
T1  - Academic clubs as a mechanism for introducing students to research
A1  - Norvilitis,Jill M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-16248-005 LG - English IN - Norvilitis, Jill M.: State U New York, Coll at Buffalo, Dept of Psychology, Buffalo, NY, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Group Participation
KW  - *School Club Membership
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - academic clubs
KW  - College Students
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - feelings
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - New York
KW  - participation
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - research team participation
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 370
EP  - 376
JF  - College Student Journal
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
N2  - Although many departments have opportunities for undergraduates to participate in research, many qualified students fail to seek out opportunities to work with faculty in this way. The present study attempted to encourage participation in research through a group project conducted under the auspices of an academic club. Ten of the thirteen students who participated in club activities also chose to participate in the research team. The students, who both designed and conducted the project, reported positive feelings about research in general and the project upon which this study was based. It is concluded that academic club research projects may serve as a non-threatening introduction to research for students who are unlikely to seek more individualized experiences independently. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0146-3934
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1543
T1  - National survey of training needs for evidence-based practices. [References]
A1  - Taylor,Pam
A1  - Warner,James
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2000-08672-010 LG - English IN - Taylor, Pam: Imperial Coll of Science & Technology, School of Medicine, London, England PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Ireland. United Kingdom
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Psychiatric Training
KW  - *Teacher Attitudes
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - College
KW  - college teachers
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Orientation
KW  - practice
KW  - prevalence of & attitudes toward evidence-based journal club teaching method for psychiatric training
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - training needs
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 272
EP  - 273
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.30(1)()(pp 31-34), 2006.
J1  - Psychiatric Bulletin
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
N2  - The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey of all recognized college tutors (145 Ss participated in the survey) of psychiatric training rotations in the UK and Ireland. The objectives of the survey were to identify how many teaching centers have incorporated a regular journal club that takes the format of evidence-based/critical analysis style presentations into their academic program. Information was also sought concerning how successful local tutors perceived these to be and/or what problems they had encountered in establishing them. A large proportion of journal clubs now feature an evidence-based orientation. Nearly all tutors who reported a shift to this format felt it was a good forum for teaching evidence-based medical skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1544
T1  - Philosophical dialogue among peers: A study of manifestations of critical thinking in pre-service teachers
A1  - Daniel,Marie France
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2001-00835-002 LG - English IN - Daniel, Marie-France: U de Montreal, Dept of Kinesiology, Montreal, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Canada
KW  - *Interpersonal Communication
KW  - *Logical Thinking
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Canada
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Group & Interpersonal Processes [3020]; Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - meetings
KW  - mind
KW  - Orientation
KW  - pedagogico-philosophical dialogue
KW  - Peers
KW  - physical education
KW  - practice
KW  - pre-service teachers
KW  - preservice teachers
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching experience
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 67
JF  - Advances in Health Sciences Education
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - Studied manifestations of critical thinking in pre-service physical education (PE) teachers when exposed to weekly practice of philosophical dialogue among peers. Philosophical dialogue aims to provoke doubt and disequilibrium in the minds of the participants. A 12-week research project involving 13 pre-service teachers in PE was conducted. Trainees participated in weekly meetings divided into two sessions, to discuss personal teaching experiences. The second half of the session was devoted to stimulation of philosophical dialogue. The session plan for the second part of the weekly meeting involved reading a novel, formulating a philosophical question, engaging in philosophical dialogue, and re-adjusting the teaching practice. Analysis of two (pre- and post-project) transcripts from pre-service teachers' discussions revealed greater use of higher-order thinking skills in the post-project transcript than in the pre-project transcript, and reveals that the nature of their exchanges evolved from monologue to dialogue. The latter transcript reveals thinking which appears to be critical, creative and caring; it also reveals an orientation towards social and ethical dimensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1382-4996
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1545
T1  - Learning to teach struggling (and non-struggling) elementary school readers: An analysis of preservice teachers' knowledges. [References]
A1  - Duffy,Ann M.
A1  - Atkinson,Terry S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-00885-004 LG - English IN - Duffy, Ann M.: U North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, US Atkinson, Terry S.: East Carolina U, Greenville, NC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Elementary Education
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *Reading Ability
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teacher Attitudes
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - beliefs
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - elementary school
KW  - elementary school preservice teachers
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - instruction of struggling and non-struggling readers
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Perception
KW  - preservice teachers
KW  - professional knowledge
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Education
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - School
KW  - struggling readers
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Time
KW  - tutoring
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 102
JF  - Reading Research and Instruction
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
N2  - Examined elementary school preservice teachers' beliefs, understandings, and instruction of struggling and non-struggling readers as they evolved over time in 2 university reading education courses with a field component. Using a qualitative content analysis, the assignments of 22 preservice teachers were analyzed across 1 yr of their teacher education program. Results show that, throughout the year, preservice teachers improved in their abilities to integrate their personal, practical, and professional knowledges to inform their reading instruction. Their misunderstandings surrounding reading instruction decreased while their abilities to examine reading instruction critically and estimations of their preparedness to teach struggling readers increased. Preservice teachers' views about the value of assessing students' reading proficiency became increasingly more positive as did perceptions about the importance of tutoring struggling readers. Finally, implications are made to suggest how university reading education courses may support the learning and development of future preservice teachers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0886-0246
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1546
T1  - Technology in a constructivist classroom. [References]
A1  - Ferguson,Donna
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2001-11284-003 LG - English MA - Ferguson, Donna: dferguson@edtech.unco.edu IN - Ferguson, Donna: U Northern Colorado, Coll of Education, Greeley, CO, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Constructivism
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Computer
KW  - computer based instruction
KW  - Constructivism
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - educational system
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Information
KW  - instructional design
KW  - journal
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Technology
KW  - transform
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 45
EP  - 55
JF  - Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual
VL  - 12
N2  - Today's children have been altered tremendously by the technological revolution, but that same technology has yet to make a significant impact on our educational system. Educators have begun to question how to best educate students who have grown up in a world of instant information. It has been proposed that constructivism could be a guiding philosophy that may be able to transform curriculum in which technology is integrated seamlessly. Research has shown that environments rich in technology have the potential to bring about dramatic changes in teaching, as well as the physical make-up of a classroom. Computer-based constructivist projects take many forms, both online and off (CSILE, CoVis, Computer Clubhouse, JASPER, WebQuests). The creation of technology rich activities described in this article follow an instructional design process that combines procedures set forth by Bernie Dodge and Tom March (1995). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1522-8185
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1547
T1  - Critical elements of classroom and small-group instruction promote reading success in all children. [References]
A1  - Foorman,Barbara R.
A1  - Torgesen,Joseph
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-02360-002 LG - English IN - Foorman, Barbara R.: U Texas, Houston Health Science Ctr, Houston, TX, US Torgesen, Joseph: Florida State U, FL, US SI - Special Issue: Emergent and early literacy: Current status and research directions PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Group Instruction
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - argument
KW  - Awareness
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom & small-group instruction
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - Florida
KW  - fluency
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Incidence
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - meaning
KW  - Needs
KW  - phonemic awareness
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading success
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spelling
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Texas
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - Word Recognition
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 212
JF  - Learning Disabilities Research & Practice
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
N2  - The components of effective reading instruction are the same whether the focus is prevention or intervention: phonemic awareness and phonemic decoding skills, fluency in word recognition and text processing, construction of meaning, vocabulary, spelling, and writing. Findings from evidence-based research show dramatic reductions in the incidence of reading failure when explicit instruction in these components is provided by the classroom teacher. To address the needs of children most at risk of reading failure, the same instructional components are relevant but they need to be made more explicit and comprehensive, more intensive, and more supportive in small-group or one-on one formats. The argument is made that by coordinating research evidence from effective classroom reading instruction with effective small-group and one-on-one reading instruction we can meet the literacy needs of all children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0938-8982
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1548
T1  - Making sense of graphs: Critical factors influencing comprehension and instructional implications. [References]
A1  - Friel,Susan N.
A1  - Curcio,Frances R.
A1  - Bright,George W.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-11526-001 LG - English MA - Friel, Susan N.: sfriel@email.unc.edu; Curcio, Frances R.: Frances_Curcio@qc.edu; Bright, George W.: gbright@uncg.edu IN - Friel, Susan N.: U North Carolina, School of Education, Chapel Hill, NC, US Curcio, Frances R.: Queens Coll of the U City of New York, Dept of Secondary Education & Youth Services, Flushing, NY, US Bright, George W.: U North Carolina, Dept of Curriculum & Instruction, Greensboro, NC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Comprehension
KW  - *Graphical Displays
KW  - *Statistics
KW  - Affect
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - City
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - France
KW  - graph comprehension
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional implications
KW  - journal
KW  - mathematics education
KW  - New York
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Population
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - Secondary Education
KW  - statistical graphs
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - task characteristics
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 124
EP  - 158
JF  - Journal for Research in Mathematics Education
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - The purpose of this study is to bring together perspectives concerning the processing and use of statistical graphs to identify critical factors that appear to influence graph comprehension and to suggest instructional implications. After providing a synthesis of information about the nature and structure of graphs, the authors define graph comprehension. This study considers 4 critical factors that appear to affect graph comprehension: the purposes for using graphs, task characteristics, discipline characteristics, and reader characteristics. A construct called graph sense is defined. A sequence for ordering the introduction of graphs is proposed. This article concludes with a discussion of issues involved in making sense of quantitative information using graphs and ways instruction may be modified to promote such sense making. Modeling populations are appended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0021-8251
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1549
T1  - Implementing evidence-based psychiatry: Whose responsibility? [References]
A1  - Lawrie,Stephen M.
A1  - Scott,Allan I.F.
A1  - Sharpe,Michael C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2001-11264-002 LG - English MA - Lawrie, Stephen M.: S.Lawrie@ed.ac.uk IN - Lawrie, Stephen M.: Royal Edinburgh Hosp, University Dept of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, Scotland PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - United Kingdom
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Information
KW  - *Needs Assessment
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - daily practice
KW  - delivery of information to user
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Human
KW  - identifying information needs
KW  - implementing evidence-based medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - updating information
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 195
EP  - 196
JF  - British Journal of Psychiatry.Vol.189(OCT.)()(pp 309-316), 2006.
J1  - British Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 178
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is fine in principle, but needs to demonstrate tangible benefits to clinicians and their patients in practice. The main obstacles to its implementation are: (1) identifying information needs; (2) delivering reliable and clinically useful information to the user (i.e., the ward/clinic); and (3) ensuring the information is regularly updated. This editorial discusses the implemention of evidence-based medicine in the field of psychiatry. It is concluded that there is no robust system to identify the information needs of today's psychiatrists in the UK. This may be one reason that the gap between research and practice in psychiatry is not closing. It is simply not feasible to expect individual practitioners to be proficient in the skills of critical appraisal and apply these to each of the questions they will face in their daily practice. Easy access to summaries of evidence seems essential. Electronic information retrieval systems are fast, accessible and can easily be updated as required. In a relatively affluent country like the UK, they are the ideal technological solution to deliver useful information to the ward or clinic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0007-1250
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1550
T1  - Why doesn't the creed read "Always Be Critical"? An examination of a liberal curriculum. [References]
A1  - Longwell-Grice,Hope
A1  - Letts,William J.I.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-01885-003 LG - English MA - Letts, William J.: wletts@csu.edu.au IN - Longwell-Grice, Hope: U Louisville, Louisville, KY, US Letts, William J.: Charles Sturt U, Bathurst, NSW, Australia PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US CF - Journal of Curriculum Theorizing Conference on Curriculum Theory and Classroom Practice, Oct, 1997, Bloomington, IN, US CN - An earlier version of this article was presented at the aforementioned conference and at the Ethnography, Education, and Research Forum (Philadelphia, March 1998)
KW  - *Classroom Discipline
KW  - *Classroom Environment
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Liberalism
KW  - *Teacher Student Interaction
KW  - African American
KW  - African American boys
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - boys
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - classroom
KW  - Classroom Dynamics & Student Adjustment & Attitudes [3560].
KW  - classroom environment
KW  - classroom practice
KW  - control
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - Female
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - liberal
KW  - liberal curriculum
KW  - Liberalism
KW  - Male
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - school discipline creed
KW  - second grade
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Attitudes
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher attitudes
KW  - Teachers
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 191
EP  - 213
JF  - Anthropology & Education Quarterly
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - Using ethnographic data collected in a second grade classroom over the course of a school year, this paper describes the ways in which one school's discourse of liberalism is deleteriously deployed. The authors view the school's discipline creed as emblematic of the school's liberal curriculum, and interrogate the effects on four African American boys in the classroom when the school enacts this creed. Despite the agency that these boys obviously had, they were unable to control the ways in which they were placed at a structural disadvantage and manipulated by a system far more powerful than they were. The results were that these four boys suffered. Not only did the intended liberal curriculum fail to be translated fully into the enacted curriculum, the liberal underpinnings of this curriculum precluded teachers and students from taking any critical stance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0161-7761
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1551
T1  - Reflection and learning to teach reading: A critical review of literacy and general teacher education studies. [References]
A1  - Roskos,Kathleen
A1  - Vukelich,Carol
A1  - Risko,Victoria J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-11486-002 LG - English MA - Roskos, Kathleen: pdroskos@suite224.net; Vukelich, Carol: vukelich@udel.edu; Risko, Victoria J.: risko@vanderbilt.edu IN - Roskos, Kathleen: John Carroll U, University Heights, OH, US Vukelich, Carol: U Delaware, Newark, DE, US Risko, Victoria J.: Vanderbilt U, Peabody Coll, Nashville, TN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Reflectiveness
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - data
KW  - Delaware
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - general teachers
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Observation
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - teaching reading
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 595
EP  - 635
JF  - Journal of Literacy Research
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
N2  - This article provides a comparative analysis of 54 reflection studies (18 literacy; 36 general teacher education) with the goal of clarifying the concept of reflection as studied in the literacy field and for informing future research. An inductive paradigmatic analysis produced descriptive observations that highlight similarities and differences between the 2 data sets and 5 interpretive patterns that characterize researchers' conceptualizations and problem solving. Several guidelines are recommended for conducting research that deepens understanding the concept and informs reading educators in their practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1086-296X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1552
T1  - Educative memory and tessitura of educational concepts: The experience of the teaching diploma in nursing. [Portuguese]. [References]
A1  - Bagnato,Maria Helena Salgado
A1  - Cocco,Maria Ines Monteiro
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-01688-006 OT - Memoria educativa e a tessitura de conceitos educacionais: Experiencia vivenciada na licenciatura em enfermagem LG - Portuguese IN - Bagnato, Maria Helena Salgado: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Coordenadora do Laboratorio de Estudos e Pesquisas em Praticas de Educacao e Saude, Campinas, Brazil Cocco, Maria Ines Monteiro: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Membro do Laboratorio de Estudos e Pesquisas em Praticas de Educacao e Saude, Campinas, Brazil PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Concepts
KW  - *Memory
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Conception
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - Education
KW  - educative experiences
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Memory
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing course
KW  - nursing students
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - representation
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 439
EP  - 445
JF  - Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
N2  - The study reports the experience of a Teaching Diploma in Nursing Course, considering the incorporation and problematization of the memory concerning the students. It is based on the representations and meanings of the students' educative experiences, through reflection processes and readings, enabling the appearance of other tessitura regarding educational concepts as well as permitting the elaboration of other conceptions about work, man, society and education. This proposal shows a viable and significant way to develop a better understanding and to deepen experienced concepts, reconstructing them in their political, social and cultural relations and enabling a critical reflection as well as changes in professional practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0104-1169
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1553
T1  - Reviews: Thinking Psychologically
A1  - Baker,Kevin L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-09493-013 LG - English IN - Baker, Kevin L.: Division of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - content
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Life
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychological history
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology knowledge
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 42
EP  - 43
JF  - Psychology Learning & Teaching
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
N2  - Reviews the book, "Thinking Psychologically," by Patrick McGhee (2001). The book proclaims itself to be an introductory course, but it could easily be used as a second-year text when students have a more secure foundation in psychological history and knowledge. The author takes a critical look at the core areas in psychology through research methodology and theory with a clear writing style. Each chapter ends with a summary, a box of key terms, an annotated list of further reading, and a list of some useful websites. It is clear that this book is intended as a course text, and the support content of the website is very persuasive. On the whole, this is a cleverly designed book. The content is up to date and poignant, with the intention to improve the critical faculties of the reader. It should make life easier for teaching and learning by both tutors and students alike. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1475-7257
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1554
T1  - Critical analysis of psychological research: Rationale and design for a proposed course for the undergraduate psychology curriculum. [References]
A1  - Barber,Paul
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-09492-006 LG - English MA - Barber, Paul: p.barber@bbk.ac.uk IN - Barber, Paul: Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - United Kingdom
KW  - *Curriculum Development
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - critical analysis of research
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - psychological research
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - respect
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduate psychology curriculum
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
JF  - Psychology Learning & Teaching
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
N2  - Critical thinking about psychological research appears seldom to be taught to an advanced level on UK psychology degrees, or to be allocated a substantial amount of learning/teaching time at any level. It is likely that students may graduate with an inaccurate and passive uncritical view of discipline knowledge unless the relevant skills needed to appraise that knowledge are acquired. A common assumption seems to be that this is implicitly recognised in traditional research methods teaching, and the skills are therefore emergent from conventional lectures, practicals and research projects. Since the manifold pressures on students and teachers combine to increase the reliance on secondary sources, the explicit provision of a course in critical thinking about research should be considered. It is argued that this is best offered at a relatively late stage in a psychology degree programme. Since psychology graduates are more likely to become research users than research producers, it is argued that skills training for critical analysis of research reports will be professionally advantageous. A framework for a critical analysis course is described to enable students to undertake a comprehensive critical appraisal of a research article. This is based on a long-established final-year course that treats critical analysis, of published research papers, as the vehicle for training students to treat the literature with more circumspection, and the respect it deserves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1475-7257
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1555
T1  - Evidence based practice--Is it good for you? [References]
A1  - Campbell,Alistair
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-01713-006 LG - English MA - Campbell, Alistair: Alistair_Campbell@mater.org.au IN - Campbell, Alistair: Mater Hosp, Brisbane, Australia PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Psychotherapy
KW  - *Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concepts
KW  - controversies
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling [3310].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - treatment efficacy
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 215
EP  - 217
JF  - ANZJFT Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - This article is the first in a series which aim at "unpacking' some of the concepts and controversies involved in "evidence based practice' (EBP). It is critically important for clinicians to be able to understand EBP, because there is a growing likelihood that the politics of EBP will be used to construct the ways in which we are expected to provide services in our workplaces. Although EBP looks relatively benign, the whole area reveals some very disturbing aspects. I invite readers of the Journal to begin a dialogue with me and with each other about EBP and whether it is possible, or even desirable, to embrace this practice within a systemic framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0814-723X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1556
T1  - Learning from experience: Psychosocial research methods in the social sciences. [References]
A1  - Clarke,Simon
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-18136-002 LG - English MA - Clarke, Simon: simon.clarke@uwe.ac.uk IN - Clarke, Simon: U West England, Faculty of Economics & Social Science, Ctr for Psycho-Social Studies, Bristol, England PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Experimental Methods
KW  - *Higher Education
KW  - *Psychoanalytic Theory
KW  - *Racism
KW  - *Research Setting
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - context
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - economics
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - form
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - informed research method
KW  - interest
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - psychoanalytic studies
KW  - psychosocial research
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - qualitative interviews
KW  - question
KW  - Racism
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260]; Psychoanalytic Theory [3143].
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Study
KW  - systematic interpretation
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 173
EP  - 194
JF  - Qualitative Research
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
N2  - There is a growing interest in both psychoanalytically informed theory and practice in the social sciences. Psycho-social studies and psychoanalytic studies address serious social and political issues through a critical welding of sociological and psychoanalytic perspectives. This raises the question: how do we actually use this form of analysis in the practical research environment, In this article, the author seeks to outline a psycho-social research method--in other words, how we do it--and to introduce the reader to both the advantages and problems of doing psychosocial research. This is framed within the context of a research project in which the author explores racism in higher education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1468-7941
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1557
T1  - Research on the drug treatment of schizophrenia: A critical appraisal and implications for social work education. [References]
A1  - Cohen,David
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-17700-002 LG - English MA - Cohen, David: cohenda@fiu.edu IN - Cohen, David: School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Drug Therapy
KW  - *Neuroleptic Drugs
KW  - *Psychopharmacology
KW  - *Schizophrenia
KW  - *Social Work Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - atypical neuroleptic drugs
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Psychopharmacology [3340]; Schizophrenia & Psychotic States [3213].
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - drug treatment
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - Florida
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Psychopharmacotherapy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - School
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - social work educators
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 217
EP  - 239
JF  - Journal of Social Work Education
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
N2  - Social work authors have presented superficial appraisals of atypical neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs used to treat schizophrenia. This article presents a critical overview of clinical trials and research strategies involving conventional and atypical drugs. It identifies 14 distinct methodological and conceptual failings and neglected research directions. These flaws raise serious doubts about the scientific justifications for the widespread use of neuroleptics. Implications for a critical social work education stance about psychopharmacology are discussed. Findings from psychopharmacotherapy studies cannot be taken at face value: social work educators must scrutinize the adherence of the research enterprise to the scientific method and situate its findings in their historical, ideological, and political-economic contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1043-7797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1558
T1  - Asking different questions: Critical analyses and reading research. [References]
A1  - Edmondson,Jacqueline
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-00496-004 LG - English IN - Edmondson, Jacqueline: Pennsylvania State U, PA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *At Risk Populations
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Reading Ability
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - Article
KW  - at-risk 1st & 2nd graders
KW  - Author
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - college student volunteers
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Policy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - reading instructions
KW  - reading research
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 119
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
N2  - This article comments on J. Fitzgerald's (2001) study entitled "Can minimally trained college student volunteers help young at-risk children to read better?" (see record 2001-14338-001) as an example of policy-driven research that addresses functional questions. The current author also addresses functionalist research and critical policy analyses. She concludes that Fitzgerald's work contributes to our understanding of college student tutors and their capacity to work with at-risk readers, however maintains that policy-driven research along these lines of research should not stand alone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1559
T1  - Reliance on indicator terms is not critical thinking. [References]
A1  - Fawkes,Don
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-04763-004 LG - English MA - Fawkes, Don: faskesdx@yahoo.com PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Logical Thinking
KW  - *Reasoning
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Terminology
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Employment
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - indicator terms
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Note
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - Thinking
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 13
JF  - Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - Notes that the employment of rules for indicator terms for premises (i.e. for, since, because) and conclusions (i.e. consequently, therefore, hence) in teaching critical thinking has been called into question. The author argues that while a review of the literature might lead readers to conclude that the practice has been at least partly rehabilitated, this conclusion is false. In this article, the author reviews the dispute, provides further arguments, and counters the latest defense of the practice. This paper argues that rules for indicator words are not a reliable way to identify premises and conclusions, and that such rules are not reliable ways to teach students to identify premises and conclusions. Several examples are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1093-1082
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1560
T1  - Reply: Edmonson's "Asking different questions: Critical analyses and reading research." [References]
A1  - Fitzgerald,Jill
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-00496-005 LG - English IN - Fitzgerald, Jill: U North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *At Risk Populations
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Reading Ability
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - Article
KW  - at-risk 1st & 2nd graders
KW  - Author
KW  - college student volunteers
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - reading instructions
KW  - Research
KW  - US
KW  - Volunteers
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 120
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
N2  - Responds to J. Edmonson's (2002) article entitled "Asking different questions: Critical analyses and reading research" (see record 2002-00496-004), which was written as a comment to an earlier article published by Fitzgerald (2001). The current author welcomes Edmonson's commentary and believes she will consider the functionalist questions raised by Edmonson and her own research with a raised consciousness about the political nature of her work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1561
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: An introduction for psychiatrists. [References]
A1  - Gray,Gregory E.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-13711-002 LG - English IN - Gray, Gregory E.: Charles R. Drew U of Medicine & Science, Dept of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - *Theoretical Orientation
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - health professionals
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psychological Terminology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 13
JF  - Journal of Psychiatric Practice
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been defined by as "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients (D. Sackett, 1996 and 2000)." Practicing evidence-based medicine requires the ability to apply a knowledge of medical informatics and clinical epidemiology to the treatment of individual patients. This article provides an introduction to the history, philosophy, and methods of evidence-based medicine for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. The article focuses on a systematic approach to efficiently finding the best evidence to answer clinical questions. Particular emphasis is given to a method for critically appraising papers that emphasizes validity, importance, and clinical applicability. Resources for further learning are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1527-4160
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1562
T1  - Exploring differences in perspective on microanalysis of classroom discourse: Contributions and concerns. [References]
A1  - Green,Judith L.
A1  - Dixon,Carol N.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-13379-005 LG - English MA - Green, Judith L.: green@education.ucsb.edu; Dixon, Carol N.: dixon@education.ucsb.edu IN - Green, Judith L.: U California, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, Santa Barbara, CA, US Dixon, Carol N.: U California, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, Santa Barbara, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Conversation
KW  - *Discourse Analysis
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Theories
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - California
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom discourse
KW  - Classroom Dynamics & Student Adjustment & Attitudes [3560].
KW  - critical discourse
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - School
KW  - Study
KW  - theory-method relationships
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 393
EP  - 406
JF  - Applied Linguistics
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
N2  - Comments on the articles by P. A. Duff, J. Mori, and R. F. Young and H. T. Nguyen (see records 2002-13379-001, 2002-13379-002, and 2002-13379-003, respectively) that explored the analysis of classroom discourse. The importance of these articles can be seen in the critical discourse they stimulate. They are part of a growing body of work making visible theory-method relationships and how differences in these relationships are consequential for what can be, and is known, within a particular field. The articles focus on a common set questions permitting readers to read contrastively across articles with differing goals, data sets and analytic traditions. The current authors view each of the articles, and the collection itself, as a telling case (J. C. Mitchell, 1984) that helps us to understand the theoretical perspectives, objects of study, analytic practices, and applications of these three traditions, thus enabling an understanding of what can and cannot be studied through each. The issue is not which is best, but what each contributes and what could not be known without that particular perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0142-6001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1563
T1  - Distributed cognition and educational practice. [References]
A1  - Karasavvidis,Ilias
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-01359-001 LG - English MA - Karasavvidis, Ilias: ikaras@edc.uoc.gr IN - Karasavvidis, Ilias: U Crete, Dept of Primary Teacher Education, Crete, Greece SI - Special Issue: Distributed cognition for learning PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Cognition
KW  - *Educational Psychology
KW  - *History of Psychology
KW  - *Mind
KW  - *Social Cognition
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Cognitive Processes [2340]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Cognitive Science
KW  - Conception
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - cultural historical psychology
KW  - distributed cognition
KW  - Education
KW  - educational practice
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - English
KW  - Greece
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - mind
KW  - practice
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Science
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Teaching
KW  - thought
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 11
EP  - 29
JF  - Journal of Interactive Learning Research
VL  - 13
IS  - 1-2
N2  - Presents a brief historical overview of ideas related to the distribution of cognition, and a critical appraisal and outline of the implications for teaching and learning practice. The mind has been described as disembodied and disembedded, an image that has come to dominate Western psychological thought. The author focuses on a set of ideas that challenge this notion of the mind as the locus of all cognition and intelligence: distributed cognition. The main tenets of distributed cognition in 2 psychological traditions, cognitive science and educational psychology, are presented. Cultural historical psychology is discussed as another influential tradition that has significantly influenced the development of conceptions of distributed cognition. Distributed cognition ideas in cognitive science and educational psychology are critically appraised, highlighting similarities and differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1093-023X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1564
T1  - The evidence-based group worker. [References]
A1  - Pollio,David E.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07209-005 LG - English IN - Pollio, David E.: George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Career Education
KW  - *Group Counseling
KW  - *Group Psychotherapy
KW  - *Professional Standards
KW  - *Therapists
KW  - Behavior
KW  - best practices
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - continuious education
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based group workers
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Group Processes
KW  - Human
KW  - Individual Differences
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410]; Group & Family Therapy [3313].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - School
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 70
JF  - Social Work with Groups
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based group work is defined as the conscientious and judicious use of evidence in current best practice. In operationalizing this definition, the evidence-based group worker (a) appraises critically systematically-collected evidence from all sources; (b) acquires knowledge through reading professional journals, attending conferences and presentations, and writing/presenting knowledge that he/she develops; (c) evaluates the outcomes of practice, using consistent methods; (d) implements models, either existing or developed by the practitioner, consistently and rationally; (e) attends to the impact of individual differences in making evidence-based practice decisions; and (f) incorporates evidence in understanding group process, leadership, and development. These principles lead to four behaviors associated with being an evidence-based group worker: (1) willingness to communicate evidence behind treatment decisions and techniques chosen with group members; (2) building consistently into practice time to learn; (3) practicing from a developmental perspective, building knowledge through incorporating outside learning and results of his/her own practice evaluations; (4) adapting existing evidence to each practice situation. Implications for teaching group work are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0160-9513
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1565
T1  - Helping students read reports of empirical research
A1  - Varnhagen,Connie K.
A1  - Digdon,Nancy
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2002-12945-022 LG - English IN - Varnhagen, Connie K.: U Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Computer Applications
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Canada
KW  - College Students
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychology Education
KW  - psychology students
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading the Research
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - web-based interactive learning module
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
N2  - 'Reading the Research' is a Web-based interactive learning module designed to help students learn to comprehend and critically evaluate reports of empirical research. The module can be adapted for use with any report of empirical research. Students work through the module, take self-tests for factual knowledge, and discuss critical-thinking questions in an asynchronous discussion group. We conducted a formative evaluation with upper level experimental psychology students and a summative evaluation with introductory students. Students had positive attitudes toward the module and believed it improved their learning. Increased use of the module was also correlated with better learning of the report of empirical research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1566
T1  - Critical analysis of psychological research II: Delivering a course for inclusion in the core curriculum for psychology. [References]
A1  - Barber,Paul
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-09491-003 LG - English MA - Barber, Paul: p.barber@bbk.ac.uk IN - Barber, Paul: Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - United Kingdom
KW  - *Cognitive Ability
KW  - *Curriculum Based Assessment
KW  - *Curriculum Development
KW  - *Educational Degrees
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - College
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - form
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Paper
KW  - psychological research
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology degree programs
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
EP  - 26
JF  - Psychology Learning & Teaching
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - It was argued in a previous paper (Barber, 2002) that first degree programmes in psychology are at present unlikely to enable students to acquire the critical thinking skills needed to appraise the research literature of the subject. The inclusion of a course in critical analysis of psychological research is therefore proposed, preferably at a stage in a psychology degree programme when a robust and mature commitment to the subject can be assumed. In the present paper, the proposal is made in concrete form, with aims and objectives, an outline timetable and a method of formal assessment. This is based on a final-year course of long standing in which students learn about the critical evaluation of published research papers. Practical details of this course and some issues that may arise in the conduct of such a course are described. Comments and feedback regarding the existing course are reported. It is argued that this type of provision should be part of any core curriculum in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1475-7257
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1567
T1  - An objectivist's view on the ethics of evidence-based medicine: Commentary on 'A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations' (Gupta 2003; Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121). [References]
A1  - Couto,Joaquim Sa
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07227-005 LG - English IN - Couto, Joaquim Sa: Attending General and Vascular Surgeon, Porto, Portugal PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Epistemology
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Professional Ethics
KW  - *Quantitative Methods
KW  - *Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - basic values
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - epistemological assumptions
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - respect
KW  - Surgeon
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 139
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
N2  - Comments on an article by Gupta (see record 2003-07227-001). A comprehensive analysis of EBM, from an ethical perspective, was long overdue and the article by M. Gupta fills this gap in a very detailed and articulate manner. Gupta logically deduces 'the moral mandate that we ought to pursue EBM from EBM's assumptions. First, "that only if we pursue the truth will we discover the most effective means of achieving health". Secondly, "that only if we pursue EBM do we maximize the likelihood of arriving at the truth". With respect to clinical trials, EBM's preferred method of gathering data, Gupta classifies their possible problems in two categories: first, 'methodological and statistical problems' and secondly, 'socially constructed problems'. Gupta demonstrates that 'EBM has relied on an implicit epistemological and ethical basis' that 'has serious weaknesses' and that, as a result, 'the practice of EBM could lead to worse rather than better patient care'. His conclusion that 'the assumptions that support EBM's claim of superior effectiveness, and thus its moral mandate, do not withstand scrutiny' is irrefutable. Surprisingly, Gupta, in this paper, does not suggest that EBM should be abandoned. Instead, a strong recommendation for improvements concludes his analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1568
T1  - Dimensions of literacy: A conceptual base for teaching reading and writing in school settings & Negotiating critical literacies in classrooms
A1  - Cushman,Ellen
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07740-008 LG - English IN - Cushman, Ellen: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Foreign Language Education
KW  - *Language Arts Education
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Kindergarten
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy events
KW  - literacy learning
KW  - literacy practices
KW  - Michigan
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - second language teachers
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching reading
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 451
EP  - 453
JF  - Studies in Second Language Acquisition
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
N2  - Reviews books by S. Kucer (see record #200100643-000) and B. Comber and A. Simpson (Eds.) (see record #200101225-000). It is argued that preservice kindergarten through university teachers will benefit from these books' overview of the field and their carefully weighed claims about what counts as literacy practices in language arts and English classrooms. Though geared more toward a general audience of literacy teachers, the books do have sections and chapters that would appeal to preservice second language teachers. The straightforward writing in both books will be easily accessible to students for whom this may be the first encounter with literacy and classroom research. Taking different tacks on literacy research, the books complement each other well: Where Kucer's survey stops, the Comber and Simpson collection picks up. Kucer's book explores how literacy events are shaped by cognitive, linguistic, sociocultural, and developmental influences. Negotiating critical literacies in classrooms is not only a careful check to discussions of critical literacy in general but also a detailed exploration of the competing contingencies that inhabit the sociocultural and developmental aspects of literacy learning in L1 and L2 classrooms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0272-2631
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1569
T1  - Writing journals: An investigation. [References]
A1  - Graham,Lynda
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-00656-006 LG - English IN - Graham, Lynda: Davidson Professional Centre, Croydon, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - United Kingdom
KW  - *Creative Writing
KW  - *Self Confidence
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Writing Skills
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Competence
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Observation
KW  - primary education
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Scales
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - student confidence
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher involvement
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
KW  - writers
KW  - Writing
KW  - writing competence
KW  - writing journals
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 42
JF  - Reading: Literacy & Language
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
N2  - Describes a research project exploring the ways in which the introduction of writing journals enhances children's confidence and competence as writers. A key question in the research concerned the role of the teacher in introducing, organizing and leading writing journal sessions. Eleven teachers volunteered to take part, representing every year group from Reception to Y6. Teachers first assessed children's experience as readers and writers using the Reading and Writing scales (Barrs, 1988; Barrs, 1996) developed by the Centre for Language in Primary Education (CLPE). Using this information, they then selected four case-study children. Writing journals were introduced to the whole class, and observations made with particular reference to the case-study children. It was found that the role of the teacher was critical in shaping the session, and keeping work in the journals special. Teachers needed to provide regular, focused writing journal sessions, to be genuinely interested in on-going work and to give children opportunities to share this work with each other. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0472
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1570
T1  - Promoting computer literacy by teaching low-performing readers how to learn. [References]
A1  - Gurganus,Susan
A1  - Boudah,Daniel J.
A1  - Fred,Robin
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07851-007 LG - English MA - Gurganus, Susan: gurganuss@cofc.edu IN - Gurganus, Susan: College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, US Boudah, Daniel J.: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US Fred, Robin: ExplorNet, Inc., Raleigh, NC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Comprehension
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *Computer Literacy
KW  - *Learning Strategies
KW  - *Vocabulary
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Cognition
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Literacy
KW  - Concepts
KW  - content
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - expertise
KW  - High School
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - low-performing readers
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - organizational strategies
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading materials
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - technoreading
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - Vocation
KW  - vocations
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 399
EP  - 402
JF  - Reading & Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - Discusses the issue of promoting computer literacy by motivating and teaching the low-performing readers. It talks about an attempt which has been initiated by North Carolina to equip schools with the technology and training necessary to prepare students, teachers, and communities for the vocations of the new century. With expertise in cognition and learning a course titled TechnoReading has been created. It serves as a prelude to high school computer engineering and information technology courses. TechnoReading integrates reading instruction with computer content learning. Low-performing students learn comprehension, vocabulary, and organizational strategies that enable them to tackle technology reading materials that are dense with both concepts and vocabulary. These strategies provide the students critical tools for success in other content-area classes as well. Results indicated that computer-related comprehension improved from a mean of 76.00 to 89.50. Identification of main ideas and details improved from a mean of 94.00 to 96.88. Scores on the measure of paraphrasing improved from a mean of 92.22 to 96.25. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1057-3569
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1571
T1  - Measuring the acquisition of media-literacy skills. [References]
A1  - Hobbs,Renee
A1  - Frost,Richard
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07011-002 LG - English MA - Hobbs, Renee: hobbs@babson.edu; Frost, Richard: frost@babson.edu IN - Hobbs, Renee: Department of History and Society, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, US Frost, Richard: Department of History and Society, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Language Arts Education
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Mass Media
KW  - *Reading Comprehension
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - College
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - control
KW  - critical listening
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical viewing
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - grade students
KW  - High School Students
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - language arts curriculum
KW  - Listening Comprehension
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy curriculum
KW  - Male
KW  - media
KW  - media literacy
KW  - media-literacy skills
KW  - message analysis
KW  - Messages
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - Skill
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technique
KW  - texts
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 330
EP  - 355
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
N2  - Evaluated the impact of a secondary language arts curriculum on students' writing, message analysis skills, and reading, listening, and viewing comprehension. The curriculum emphasized critical analysis of print, audio, and visual texts. Data was collected for reading comprehension, writing skills, critical reading, critical listening, and critical viewing skills for nonfiction informational messages. 293 11th grade students who received the curriculum were compared to 89 students from a demographically matched control group. Results suggest that media literacy curriculum improves students' ability to identify main ideas in written, audio, and visual media. Statistically significant differences were found for writing quantity and quality. Students also made improvements in specific text analysis skills; including the ability to identify the purpose, target audience, and construction techniques in media messages; and the ability to identify omitted information from a news media broadcast in written, audio, or visual formats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1572
T1  - Training in evidence-based practice. [References]
A1  - Hoge,Michael A.
A1  - Tondora,Janis
A1  - Stuart,Gail W.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-10052-004 LG - English MA - Hoge, Michael A.: michael.hoge@yale.edu IN - Hoge, Michael A.: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US Tondora, Janis: Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, US Stuart, Gail W.: College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, US SI - Special Issue: Evidence-based practices in mental health care PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Psychiatric Training
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
KW  - Article
KW  - behavioral health care
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - College
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Center
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Mental Health Center
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychiatry training
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - South Carolina
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 851
EP  - 865
JF  - Psychiatric Clinics of North America
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
N2  - Training in evidence-based practice (EBP) has taken two principal forms within behavioral health. The first approach, borrowed from general medicine, involves training in a process of EBP, in which a clinical question about a patient is formulated; a search is conducted for relevant information; the validity and utility of the information are appraised critically; and a conclusion is drawn about the illness or treatment of the patient using the best available evidence. The second approach involves teaching providers the practices that have been identified by experts as evidence-based or empirically supported. Following a review of these two approaches, educational techniques of demonstrated effectiveness are identified, and strategies designed to foster successful teaching of EBP are reviewed. The article concludes by examining the known outcomes of teaching evidence-based approaches to care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0193-953X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1573
T1  - Teaching evidence-based practice: Toward a new paradigm for social work education. [References]
A1  - Howard,Matthew O.
A1  - McMillen,Curtis J.
A1  - Pollio,David E.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-02431-006 LG - English MA - Howard, Matthew O.: howard@gwbmail.wustl.edu IN - Howard, Matthew O.: Washington U, St Louis, MO, US McMillen, Curtis J.: Washington U, St Louis, MO, US Pollio, David E.: Washington U, St Louis, MO, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Professional Standards
KW  - *Program Development
KW  - *Social Work Education
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - challenge
KW  - Databases
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - program developent
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Skill
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - social work educators
KW  - Social Work Practice
KW  - social work practice & education
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 259
JF  - Research on Social Work Practice
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - The scientific literature relevant to social work practice has grown expansively in recent years. Corollary developments, including the widespread availability of electronic bibliographic databases, improved indexing services, and increased acceptance of systematic reviews and evidence-based practice guidelines, have made research findings increasingly accessible to practitioners. For the first time in the history of the profession, social work educators are confronted with the challenges posed, and opportunities afforded, by this accumulating body of practice-relevant scientific information. Evidence-based practice is a new paradigm that promotes more effective social interventions by encouraging the conscientious, judicious, an explicit use of the best available scientific evidence in professional decision making. Pedagogically, evidence-based practice involves teaching students the values and skills they need identify, critically appraise, and apply practice-relevant scientific evidence over the course their professional careers. This article describes the potential benefits of evidence-based social work professional education and ongoing efforts of a school of social work to implement curriculum-wide changes supportive of evidence-based professional practice education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1049-7315
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1574
T1  - The journal and drug advertising. [References]
A1  - Jureidini,Jon
A1  - Mansfield,Peter
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-05924-019 LG - English IN - Jureidini, Jon: Department of Psychological Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Advertising
KW  - *Drugs
KW  - *Professional Ethics
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - *Scientific Communication
KW  - Advertising
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - Average
KW  - Awareness
KW  - children
KW  - Clinical Psychopharmacology [3340]; Marketing & Advertising [3940].
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - drug advertisements
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Interview
KW  - journal
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mind
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - practice
KW  - professional ethics
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Radio
KW  - radio interview
KW  - skepticism
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 495
JF  - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
N2  - We are writing to request that Sidney Bloch, an editor of the Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, reconsider what he said on Radio National's 'All in the Mind' programme on the 8th of December 2002. In that interview, he was challenged about the amount of advertising in this Journal and in particular the practice of encasing the journal with an ad. His response was, 'our doctors are not stupid, and they will simply rip the wrap-around and dispose of it...Nobody is gullible.' However, few of us have the advanced training in logic, statistics, advertising psychology, and evaluation of evidence or the time that critical appraisal of drug advertisements requires. Even if we did, there is no guarantee that critical appraisal skills would be enough to protect us from potential adverse influences acting outside of our awareness. Drug advertisements are known to be effective enough on average to provide good return on investment--otherwise drug companies would not pay for them. Bloch's attempt to explain away the problem is surprising and disappointing from someone with his level of sophistication in medical ethics. We are concerned that rather than reassuring many members of the ABC radio audience, he may have fuelled unhealthy skepticism about psychiatry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0004-8674
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1575
T1  - Addressing Literacy: Effective Methods for Reading Instruction. [References]
A1  - Lance,Dee M.
A1  - Beverly,Brenda L.
A1  - Evans,Lea Helen
A1  - McCullough,Kim C.
Y1  - 2003/11//
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-14081-002 LG - English MA - Lance, Dee M.: dlance@uca.edu IN - Lance, Dee M.: University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, US Beverly, Brenda L.: University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, US Evans, Lea Helen: Mississippi University for Women, MS, US McCullough, Kim C.: University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Learning Disabilities
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Reading Ability
KW  - *Reading Disabilities
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - language-based learning disabilities
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - Learning Disorders [3253]; Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Literacy
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathologists
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - reading problems
KW  - Skill
KW  - Speech-Language Pathologists
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - vocabulary skills
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 11
JF  - Communication Disorders Quarterly
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - As speech-language pathologists work more directly and in concert with educators to address reading problems in school-age children with language-based learning disabilities (LLD), knowledge of current methods in reading instruction will become critical. Eight methods found to be effective with typically developing children and children with LLD are outlined. Word identification is best trained using methods that rely upon knowledge of letter-sound correspondences in varying syllable contexts and word attack skills using letter-sound decoding and analogy. When learning reading comprehension, students benefit from methods that address vocabulary skills and text-level comprehension monitoring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1525-7401
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1576
T1  - A psychic-reading demonstration designed to encourage critical thinking. [References]
A1  - Lawson,Timothy J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07414-015 LG - English MA - Lawson, Timothy J.: tim_lawson@mail.msj.edu IN - Lawson, Timothy J.: College of Mount St. Joseph, Cincinnati, OH, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal CF - Annual meeting of the Council of Teachers of Undergraduate Psychology (UTEP), May, 2002, Chicago, IL, US CN - An earlier version of this article was presented at the aforementioned conference
KW  - *Oral Reading
KW  - *Parapsychological Phenomena
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - College
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - introductory psychology course
KW  - journal
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychic reading demonstration
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Television
KW  - Thinking
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 253
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
N2  - Self-proclaimed psychics who perform seemingly accurate readings have been the focus of a number of recent television shows. I describe a psychic-reading demonstration--in which a professor performs a surprisingly accurate reading with a student in forms class--designed to encourage students to think critically about such readings. Students reported that they found the demonstration to be interesting, informative, and helpful for thinking about alternative explanations for the apparent accuracy of psychic readings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1577
T1  - The paradox of evidence-based medicine. Commentary on Gupta (2003), A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121. [References]
A1  - Norman,Geoff
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07227-003 LG - English IN - Norman, Geoff: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Epistemology
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Professional Ethics
KW  - *Quantitative Methods
KW  - *Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - basic values
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - epistemological assumptions
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 129
EP  - 132
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
N2  - Comments on an article by Gupta (see record 2003-07227-001). Gupta, in this issue, continues the dialogue regarding evidence-based medicine (EBM), by critically examining the concept from an ethical perspective. While the ethical framework is interesting, perhaps equally interesting to this reader were some of the insights regarding the potential biases inherent in the use of the concepts of EBM. Indeed, it is somewhat paradoxical that EBM should be vulnerable to any biases, because it espouses a methodological perspective designed to minimize bias. This is not the only paradox which emerges from the paper and from a perusal of the literature on EBM I have identified a few others. Gupta has reviewed the concern that EBM might be "manipulated by health system administrators to deprive citizens of certain health services." Paradoxically, the opposite situation may be more prevalent, as EBM is directed at integrating research evidence into practice to ensure optimal Care. Unfortunately, in this case, optimal may also be expensive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1578
T1  - Evidence, Methods, and Psychiatric Education. [References]
A1  - Roberts,Laura Weiss
A1  - Coverdale,John H.
A1  - Louie,Alan K.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-11010-001 LG - English SI - Special Issue: Psychiatric Workforce: Past Legacies, Current Dilemmas, and Future Prospects PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attention
KW  - best evidence medical education
KW  - call for papers
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - educational system
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Paper
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychiatric education
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - Scientific Communication
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United States
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 227
EP  - 228
JF  - Academic Psychiatry
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
N2  - "Best evidence medical education" is the implementation by teachers of methods and approaches to the education of physicians/physicians-in-training based on the best evidence available, and it is the emerging standard in the United States. Best evidence medical education includes the following four steps: 1. asking a focused question based on a particular teaching scenario, 2. searching the relevant literature, 3. critically appraising the selected paper, and crucially 4. applying the results of the critical appraisal in order to improve teaching within the constraints of the teaching scenario. In reality, one is faced with numerous barriers to conducting experimental studies in psychiatric education research. Quantitative methods can be impractical. Quantitative methods may be insufficient to capture the complexity of an educational system. Quantitative and qualitative studies occurring in single institutions lack demonstrable generalizability. To be increasingly meaningful, future work in the field of psychiatric education will necessitate closer attention to methodological issues. To this end, we now call for papers on the theme of best evidence medical education. The deadline for submissions is February 1,2005. We look forward with enthusiasm to receiving your contributions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1042-9670
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1579
T1  - On morality and logic in medical practice: Commentary on 'A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: Some ethical considerations' (Gupta 2003; Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121). [References]
A1  - Shahar,Eyal
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-07227-004 LG - English IN - Shahar, Eyal: School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Epistemology
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Professional Ethics
KW  - *Quantitative Methods
KW  - *Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - basic values
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - English
KW  - epistemological assumptions
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Gender
KW  - gender bias
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Morality
KW  - Negotiation
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Public Health
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 133
EP  - 135
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
N2  - Comments on an article by Gupta (see record 2003-07227-001). To illustrate potential pitfalls of inference from medical research, Gupta describes several sources of bias that may creep into published work. Gupta emphasizes that research turns into conclusions through a process that involves debate, psychosocial influences and negotiation, and therefore evidence might not be untainted derivation from research. For example, Gupta suggests that the theory that research findings in men apply to women was a matter of social judgement, if not gender bias. Here, I agree with the general argument about the subjective pathways to what is called 'evidence' but diverge from Gupta's viewpoint of the example in question. Gupta's article is a helpful reminder that big words like 'evidence-based medicine' (EBM) should be treated suspiciously until proven otherwise. Yes, physicians should get better training in medical research. Yes, physicians should keep up with published research. But EBM crusaders do not stop here.They claim that there is their way of practising medicine and there is the 'other way', and that their way is superior. It is time they provide empirical evidence for the latter assertion- by their own standards of evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1580
T1  - Reply
A1  - Withey,Claire
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2003-09164-007 LG - English IN - Withey, Claire: Children's Services Westminster, Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham PCTs, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Communication Disorders
KW  - *Language
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Special Needs
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - children
KW  - communication difficulties
KW  - context
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language difficulties
KW  - Language Disorders
KW  - language-based approach
KW  - mainstream schools
KW  - Manager
KW  - Model
KW  - Note
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - special education need
KW  - special schools
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 431
JF  - International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
N2  - Replies to comments made by Wendy Rinaldi on the critique of Language Difficulties in an Educational Context (see record 2002-02305-000) by Claire Withey. The present author notes that Wendy Rinaldi is a specialist speech and language therapist who has worked in mainstream, special schools and units for 18 years and who is currently a children's service manager across three primary care trusts. The intended readership of the book is practitioners across professions, students, researchers, education departments and parents. Rinaldi raises two further specific points reporting the review to 'misrepresent the basic principles of the language based approach'. Firstly Rinaldi argues that the approach is not an 'expert model imposed' and, second, that language is 'core to the curriculum'. The reviewer raised these issues as they reflect the discussions regularly held between teachers and therapists and between service providers. Teachers may well expect some consideration of these issues in a book reflecting on 'educational context'. Finally, the reviewer did identify the strengths within the book and certainly welcomes a diverse range of critical opinion as quoted by Dr Rinaldi. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1368-2822
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1581
T1  - Caring for the ethical ideal: Nel Noddings on moral education. [References]
A1  - Bergman,Roger
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-15402-003 LG - English MA - Bergman, Roger: rbjps@creighton.edu IN - Bergman, Roger: Creighton University, Omaha, NE, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Ethics
KW  - *Morality
KW  - *Philosophies
KW  - *Self Concept
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attention
KW  - Character
KW  - character education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - educational practice
KW  - English
KW  - ethical ideal
KW  - Evil
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - moral education
KW  - Morality
KW  - Nel Noddings
KW  - Paper
KW  - Personality
KW  - philosophers
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Philosophy [2630].
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - self
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Vision
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 149
EP  - 162
JF  - Journal of Moral Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - Nel Noddings is arguably one of the premier philosophers of moral education in the English-speaking world today. Although she is outside the mainstream theory, research, and practice traditions of cognitive-developmentalism (the Kohlberg legacy) and of character education (which is in public ascendancy), her body of work is unrivalled for originality of insight, comprehensiveness and coherence. Whilst Carol Gilligan's In a different voice (1982) introduced the ethic of caring into academic and public discourse, it is Noddings 'who has done most to outline a specific feminist position on moral education' (McClellan, 1999, p. 104), and whose influence extends to educational practice. This essay explicates Noddings's vision in sufficient depth to make the foregoing claims credible. Thematic focus is given to her attention to the ethical self or ethical ideal. The paper also examines Noddings's perspective on character education and the need to incorporate a morality of evil into any serious educational philosophy or practice. It is less a critical appraisal of that vision and perspective than an invitation to others to more fully engage with Noddings's writings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0305-7240
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1582
T1  - Cognitive training programs: A critical appraisal. [Portuguese]. [References]
A1  - Bilimoria,Helena
A1  - Almeida,Leandro S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-00577-001 OT - O movimento de ensinar/aprender a pensar: Reflexao critica LG - Portuguese MA - Almeida, Leandro S.: leandro@iep.uminho.pt IN - Almeida, Leandro S.: Instituto de Educacao e Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Program Evaluation
KW  - *Self Regulation
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - appraisal
KW  - cognitive training programs
KW  - Competence
KW  - competency
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - efficacy evaluation
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Human
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - journal
KW  - Paper
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reflection
KW  - self regulation
KW  - self-regulation
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching thinking
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Transference
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 17
JF  - Psicologia: Teoria, Investigacao e Pratica
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
N2  - This paper contributes to a critical reflection about the theoretical framework and the efficacy evaluation of the cognitive training programs, included in the teaching thinking international movement. Thus, it begins with a theoretical contextualization where the cognitive educability is justified by the conceptual change of intelligence, from a universal and geneticist point of view to a socio-contextual perspective. There are more investments to create programs than to evaluate them. As teaching thinking programs should promote the transfer of competencies, as well as the self-regulation of students, these both aspects must be included in program evaluations, being important to distinguish between proximal and distal transference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0873-4976
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1583
T1  - 'Your creativity or mine?': A typology of creativities in higher education and the value of a pluralistic approach. [References]
A1  - Bleakley,Alan
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-20727-005 LG - English MA - Bleakley, Alan: alan.bleakley@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk IN - Bleakley, Alan: Cornwall Postgraduate Education Centre, Truro, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Creativity
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Higher Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Academic Achievement
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - complexity
KW  - context
KW  - Creativity
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Model
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - progress
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 463
EP  - 475
JF  - Teaching in Higher Education
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - While there is agreement that creativity is central to teaching, learning and curriculum in higher education, what is meant by creativity is not always clear. The term is often employed uncritically, in the singular, and is reified. Where creativity is used with specificity, this is often over-determined, so that the term remains limited to person, product or process, where certain uses will be privileged. There is a promising alignment between studies of creativity that refer to legitimating context and social constructionist readings, where plural creativities are described as discursive effects. A typology often qualitatively different kinds of creativity is offered, as: (1) Progress, (2) Conservation, (3) Innovation, (4) Transgression, (5) Discipline, (6) Complexity, (7) Inspiration, (8) Serendipity, (9) Negative Capability, and (10) Withdrawal. The typology has its basis in a model first proposed by Hillman (1972) that is critically examined for its epistemological bias leading to educational limitations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1356-2517
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1584
T1  - Teaching critical thinking in an introductory leadership course utilizing active learning strategies: A confirmatory study. [References]
A1  - Burbach,Mark E.
A1  - Matkin,Gina S.
A1  - Fritz,Susan M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-19149-021 LG - English IN - Burbach, Mark E.: University of Nebraska--Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US Matkin, Gina S.: University of Nebraska--Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US Fritz, Susan M.: University of Nebraska--Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Leadership
KW  - *Learning Strategies
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - active learning
KW  - active learning strategies
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - higher education
KW  - Human
KW  - introductory leadership course
KW  - journal
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - Male
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student engagement
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Thirties (30-39 yrs)
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 482
EP  - 493
JF  - College Student Journal
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
N2  - Critical thinking is often seen as a universal goal of higher education but is seldom confirmed as an outcome. This study was conducted to determine whether an introductory level college leadership course that encouraged active learning increased critical thinking skills. A pre- and post-assessment of critical thinking skills was conducted using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Significant increases were found in the Deduction and Interpretation subtests, and total Critical Thinking. Student engagement in active learning techniques within the context of studying interpersonal skills for leadership appeared to increase critical thinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0146-3934
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1585
T1  - Moral and civic education - The hidden curriculum in Macau. [References]
A1  - Chi-Hou,Chan
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-01453-009 LG - English MA - Chi-Hou, Chan: hosen@macau.ctm.net IN - Chi-Hou, Chan: National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Macau
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Morality
KW  - *Social Influences
KW  - Acculturation
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attention
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Catholicism
KW  - challenge
KW  - civic education
KW  - Community Involvement
KW  - Confucianism
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Cross Cultural Communication
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - moral education
KW  - Morality
KW  - Paper
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Roman Catholicism
KW  - social background
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Study
KW  - Taiwan
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 553
EP  - 573
JF  - Journal of Moral Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
N2  - Macau, as a society, is a crossroads where East-West encounters have been taking place for centuries. This paper examines some of the contemporary issues and implications for moral education. After a brief introduction to the social background of Macau, the paper describes the characteristics of Macau's education in general and the development of its moral education in particular. This has taken place in the context of the strong influences on morality of both Catholicism and Confucianism. An outline of the current curriculum of moral and civic education is followed by a critical appraisal of its implementation over the last few years. By means of this case study of Macau, the paper argues that a communitarian-oriented morality in Macau is justified, and it also suggests how, by turning attention to its history, a minimal set of values can be constructed for Macau's particular social setting. Finally, some further educational challenges for Macau's future moral and civic education are reviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0305-7240
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1586
T1  - Using a "new classic" film to teach about stereotyping and prejudice. [References]
A1  - Christohper,Andrew N.
A1  - Walter,Jamie L.
A1  - Marek,Pam
A1  - Koenig,Cynthia S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-17277-013 LG - English MA - Christohper, Andrew N.: achristopher@albion.edu IN - Christohper, Andrew N.: Albion College, Albion, MI, US Walter, Jamie L.: Albion College, Albion, MI, US Koenig, Cynthia S.: St. Mary's College of Maryland, MD, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Prejudice
KW  - *Stereotyped Attitudes
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Character
KW  - College
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - film
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - journal
KW  - Maryland
KW  - movies
KW  - Prejudice
KW  - principles
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Stereotyping
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - The Breakfast Club
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 199
EP  - 202
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
N2  - We describe a method for helping students learn about stereotype formation and prejudice by having them watch and discuss characters and scenes in the movie The Breakfast Club (Tanen and Hughes, 1985). We identify clips that address specific principles, notably the contact hypothesis. Students' positive evaluations of this method suggest the film is an effective way to teach about stereotyping and prejudice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1587
T1  - Critical readings: progress files and the production of the autonomous learner. [References]
A1  - Clegg,Sue
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-15399-001 LG - English MA - Clegg, Sue: s.clegg@shu.ac.uk IN - Clegg, Sue: Sheffield Hallam Univeristy, Sheffield, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *College Students
KW  - *Individualized Instruction
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - *Self Regulated Learning
KW  - autonomous learning
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Career
KW  - career development
KW  - College Students
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - educational policy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Human
KW  - Individualization
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Paper
KW  - Personal Development Planning
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - progress
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 298
JF  - Teaching in Higher Education
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
N2  - Progress files represent a major policy initiative involving the use of Personal Development Planning (PDF) aimed at the production of autonomous learners who are capable of planning for their own career and personal futures. The paper is organized in three parts and argues for a more critical approach, which locates PDP as part of broader shifts within educational policy and practice. The first part of the paper explores the lack of conceptual clarity associated with the term PDP. It argues that 'evidence' of 'what works' is unlikely to yield useful knowledge for practitioners as long as this evidence is based on untheorized accounts of PDP. The second part of the paper explores the concept of reflection, which underpins PDP, and argues for greater critical engagement with the conditions of reflection and an understanding of the limitations of reflection. The final part of the paper takes up the broader theme of individualization and returns to the major theme of the paper that the sorts of autonomy that are assumed in the practices of PDP are neither neutral nor an accomplished fact. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1356-2517
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1588
T1  - What is the evidence that postgraduate teaching in evidence based medicine changes anything? A systematic review. [References]
A1  - Coomarasamy,Arri
A1  - Khan,Khalid S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-07247-002 LG - English MA - Coomarasamy, Arri: arricoomar@blueyonder.co.uk IN - Coomarasamy, Arri: Education Resource Centre, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom Khan, Khalid S.: Education Resource Centre, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - integrated teaching method
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Library
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - postgraduate teaching
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - standalone teaching method
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - BMJ: British Medical Journal
VL  - 329
IS  - 7473
N2  - Objective: To evaluate the effects of standalone versus clinically integrated teaching in evidence based medicine on various outcomes in postgraduates. Design: Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and before and after comparison studies. Data sources: Medline, Embase, ERIC, Cochrane Library, DARE, HTA database, Best Evidence, BEME, and SCI. Study selection: 23 studies: four randomised trials, seven non-randomised controlled studies, and 12 before and after comparison studies. 18 studies (including two randomised trials) evaluated a standalone teaching method, and five studies (including two randomised trials) evaluated a clinically integrated teaching method. Main outcome measures: Knowledge, critical appraisal skills, attitudes, and behaviour. Results: Standalone teaching improved knowledge but not skills, attitudes, or behaviour. Clinically integrated teaching improved knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviour. Conclusion: Teaching of evidence based medicine should be moved from classrooms to clinical practice to achieve improvements in substantial outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0959-8138
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1589
T1  - A Place to be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling. [References]
A1  - Cornwell,Steve
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-21203-012 LG - English IN - Cornwell, Steve: Osaka Jogakuin Junior College, Japan PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *American Indians
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Ethnography
KW  - *Schools
KW  - American Indians
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - control
KW  - Culture
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Economy
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - ethnographic account
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - Indigenous schooling
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language policies
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Life
KW  - Navajo
KW  - Policy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading materials
KW  - Review
KW  - Rough Rock Demonstration School
KW  - School
KW  - Teaching
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 482
EP  - 485
JF  - International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
N2  - Reviews the book "A Place to Be Navajo: Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling," by Teresa L. McCarty (see record 2002-00740-000). The text charts the 'successes' and 'failures' of the Rough Rock Demonstration School (Rough Rock) as it struggles to keep true to its original mission of cultivating local leadership, developing the local economy, and promoting Navajo language and culture. Rough Rock created one of the first community-based, indigenous bilingual/bicultural programmes. It has developed a wide range of teaching and reading materials in Navajo, helping to start a grassroots language policy movement. Also, it has nurtured and empowered indigenous educators who have gone on to assume leadership positions in a range of organisations working for indigenous education control. The author captures these ups and downs and much more in this ethnographic 'critical life history', the label she has thoughtfully applied to this book written in partnership with the Rough Rock community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1367-0050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1590
T1  - Committing to the Scientific Basis of Psychiatry: Implications for Training and Educational Research. [References]
A1  - Coverdale,John
A1  - Roberts,Laura Weiss
A1  - Louie,Alan
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-00365-002 LG - English PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Psychiatric Training
KW  - *Psychiatry
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - practice-based learning
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - scientific basis
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 261
EP  - 262
JF  - Academic Psychiatry
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
N2  - The recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) report affirmed the scientific basis of psychiatry, calling for vigorous efforts to increase the numbers of patient-oriented investigators in our field and to enhance the overall scientific knowledge and preparation of psychiatrists-in-training. Four related concepts, each with slightly different implications for psychiatric training, have now been introduced: research literacy, critical appraisal skills, evidence-based medicine, and practice-based learning. These four new concepts represent vitally important initiatives and areas for educational research that we at Academic Psychiatry strongly support. To this end, we suggest that it is essential that we develop meaningful and reliable methods for evaluating research literacy, critical appraisal skills, evidence-based medicine, and practice-based learning and for studying related educational initiatives. Committing to the scientific basis of the field of psychiatry also entails a commitment to the enhanced rigor of our educational programs, practices, and related research endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1042-9670
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1591
T1  - Teaching Phoneme Segmenting and Blending as Critical Early Literacy Skills: An Experimental Analysis of Minimal Textual Repertoires. [References]
A1  - Daly,Edward J.I.
A1  - Chafouleas,Sandra M.
A1  - Persampieri,Michael
A1  - Bonfiglio,Christine M.
A1  - LaFleur,Kristy
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-17864-002 LG - English MA - Daly, Edward J.: edaly2@unl.edu IN - Daly, Edward J.: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US Chafouleas, Sandra M.: University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, US Persampieri, Michael: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US Bonfiglio, Christine M.: Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, US LaFleur, Kristy: Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Phonemes
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Reading Skills
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - control
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Male
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Phoneme
KW  - phoneme blending
KW  - phoneme segmenting
KW  - Phonemes
KW  - play
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Responses
KW  - Role
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 165
EP  - 178
JF  - Journal of Behavioral Education
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - The purpose of the current study was to examine blending and segmenting of phonemes as an instance of small, textual response classes that students learn to combine to produce whole word reading. Using an A/B/A/B design, a phoneme segmenting and blending condition that included differential reinforcement for response classes at the level of phonemes was compared to a control condition which was equated for differential reinforcement of reading words and opportunities to respond. The critical difference between conditions was the size of the responses that were brought under stimulus control (phonemes versus whole words). Findings clearly supported the superiority of the phoneme blending treatment condition over the control condition in producing generalized increases in word reading. The results are discussed in terms of the behavioral mechanisms that govern early literacy behaviors and the essential role that targeting measured increases in academic responses plays in furthering our understanding of how to improve the analysis and instruction of students who need to learn these important skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1053-0819
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1592
T1  - Developing critical thinking skills in computer-aided extended reading classes. [References]
A1  - Daud,Nuraihan Mat
A1  - Husin,Zamnah
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-16746-007 LG - English MA - Daud, Nuraihan Mat: nuraihan@iiu.edu.my IN - Daud, Nuraihan Mat: Department of English Language and Literature, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Husin, Zamnah: MARA University of Technology, Selangor, Malaysia PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Malaysia
KW  - *Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - *English as Second Language
KW  - *Language Proficiency
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Character
KW  - Computer
KW  - computer aided instruction
KW  - computer software
KW  - control
KW  - critical inquiry
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - English as a Second Language
KW  - English as Second Language
KW  - English language
KW  - English proficiency
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - inquiry
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Malaysia
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Skill
KW  - Software
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technology
KW  - texts
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 477
EP  - 487
JF  - British Journal of Educational Technology
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
N2  - One of the skills that can be taught in an English proficiency class that adopts literary texts for teaching the language is critical thinking. The background, characters and their motives are among those that invite critical inquiry and interpretation. Although it has been claimed that discussing literary texts in the traditional way can help develop students' critical thinking skills, it is yet to be proved whether the use of a teaching aid can help the process. This study is, therefore, carried out to see if the use of computer software can help to develop such skills. It specifically looks at the potential of a literary text, Othello, and a concordancer in developing and enhancing critical thinking abilities of 40 English as a Second Language (ESL) students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. An experimental study was carried out, where an experimental group was exposed to text analysis using a concordancer whilst the control group analysed the text manually. The Cornell Critical Thinking Test was used to analyse the critical thinking ability of the students. The experimental group outperformed the control group in all the subscales measured, but the percentage of variance in the scores was low. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0007-1013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1593
T1  - The functions of case studies: Representation or persuasive construction? [References]
A1  - Davy,John
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-05291-004 LG - English MA - Davy, John: john.davy@cambsmh.nhs.uk IN - Davy, John: Brookside Family Consultation Clinic, Cambridge, England SI - Special Issue: Case Studies PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Narrative Therapy
KW  - *Personnel Training
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - *Psychotherapists
KW  - *Writing Skills
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - clients
KW  - consequence
KW  - Consultation
KW  - critical reading
KW  - deconstruction
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Family
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - narrative therapy
KW  - Paper
KW  - persuasive construction
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling [3310].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - representation
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - therapists' training
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 22
EP  - 38
JF  - Counselling Psychology Review
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
N2  - This paper presents a deconstructive analysis of a narrative therapy case study originally written by the author while training as a counselling psychologist. This critical reading illustrates how writing about clients can be seen as a constructive and constitutive activity, with potentially oppressive or progressive consequences, rather than a merely representational process. The paper concludes by suggesting that therapists' training and professional development should include an emphasis on critical and creative reading and writing skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0269-6975
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1594
T1  - Expanding the web of meaning: Thought and emotion in an intergenerational reading and writing program. [References]
A1  - Dipardo,Anne
A1  - Schnack,Pat
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-10516-004 LG - English MA - Dipardo, Anne: anne-dipardo@uiowa.edu; Schnack, Pat: Rschn5028@aol.com IN - Dipardo, Anne: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US Schnack, Pat: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Emotions
KW  - *Intergenerational Relations
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - *Written Communication
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Aged (65 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - City
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Conception
KW  - Conversation
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - eighth-grade students
KW  - elderly
KW  - elderly volunteers
KW  - Emotion
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - informants experiences
KW  - intergenerational program
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Iowa
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - Language Arts Education
KW  - language arts students
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy learning
KW  - Male
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - participation
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading-writing program
KW  - Role
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - thought
KW  - Trust
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Very Old (85 yrs & older)
KW  - Volunteer
KW  - Volunteers
KW  - Web
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
EP  - 37
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
N2  - This study explores informants' experiences in a reading/writing program that paired eighth-grade language arts students with elderly volunteers. Twenty-three pairs were followed over an academic year as they read books in common, corresponded in response journals, and met in person at program social events. Through analysis of interviews, their collaborative journals, and end-of-year questionnaires, we explored informants' preexisting conceptions of literate participation and the dynamics and perceived meanings of their participation in the partnership program. Drawing on neo-Vygotskian theory, we argue that emotion played an integral role in participants' coconstructions of meaning and that as they established trust and rapport, these correspondents set the stage for increasingly searching and often challenging conversations. Their participation illustrates the interweaving of emotion and cognition in engaged literacy and underscores the need to create opportunities for literacy learning that are at once interpersonally warm and critically astute. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1595
T1  - Editorial
A1  - Doel,Mark
Y1  - 2004/06//
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-02840-001 LG - English PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Group Counseling
KW  - *Leadership
KW  - *Social Casework
KW  - *Stress Management
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - context
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based groupwork
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Group & Family Therapy [3313].
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Leadership
KW  - leadership development
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - Narratives
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - Stress
KW  - stress management
KW  - Symposium
KW  - young people
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 6
JF  - Groupwork
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - The Symposium in England in the summer of 2004 had evidence based groupwork as its theme. All the authors in this issue of the journal have something to say on this theme, and the opening and the closing articles are based on plenary presentations given to the European symposium. One of the article in this journal introduces the five 'crystals' to drive the development of our knowledge of groupwork. Another article gives an honest and harrowing account of critical incident stress management in a North American context, using group narratives which are constructed from the telling and interweaving of individual narratives. The recollections in the article are graphic and disturbing and readers should prepare themselves for this. One article considers an experiential learning group for leadership development with young people in the context of a secondary school in Hong Kong. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0951-824X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1596
T1  - Making speech pathology practice evidence based: Is this enough? Commentary on Reilly. [References]
A1  - Enderby,Pam
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-03709-005 LG - English MA - Enderby, Pam: p.m.enderby@sheffield.ac.uk IN - Enderby, Pam: Institute of General Practice and Primary Care, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Pathologists
KW  - *Professional Competence
KW  - *Speech Disorders
KW  - *Speech Therapists
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - complexity
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - General Practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Peers
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - professional challenges
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Research
KW  - Speech & Language Therapy [3385]; Professional Ethics & Standards & Liability [3450].
KW  - speech pathologists
KW  - speech pathology
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 125
EP  - 126
JF  - Advances in Speech Language Pathology
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Comments on an article by Sheena Reilly (see record 2005-03709-004). I, like the author, feel strongly that therapists should be informed by research studies, should appraise these critically and convert their readings into action. However, I do not think that this is sufficient for us to improve our services radically. The author, throughout the paper, indicates the challenges to speech and language therapy research due to the complexity of the underlying disorders and the variety of interventions that are available along with a mixture of specific and more holistic outcomes. This is certainly why there is such variation in practice, leading individual clinicians to have different clinical outcomes to their peers treating similar client groups. Research cited by the author indicates that there are some practices within speech and language therapy that have been proved to be less than valuable and possibly harmful. Professional bodies and practitioners must be aware of these and guidelines can make this easily accessible and explicit as well as indicating a particular approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1441-7049
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1597
T1  - Introduction to CATCH-IT Reports: Critically Appraised Topics in Communication, Health Informatics, and Technology. [References]
A1  - Eysenbach,Gunther
A1  - Norman,Cameron
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-02999-001 LG - English MA - Eysenbach, Gunther: geysenba@uhnres.utoronto.ca IN - Eysenbach, Gunther: Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Norman, Cameron: Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Electronic Communication
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Health
KW  - *Internet
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - business
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communication
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics in Communication
KW  - discipline
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Informatics and Technology
KW  - health research
KW  - Home
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - Professional Psychological & Health Personnel Issues [3400]; Communication Systems [2700].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Science
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - No
JF  - Journal of Medical Internet Research.Vol.6(4), 2004.
J1  - Journal of Medical Internet Research
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - EHealth has developed largely from an interdisciplinary framework and, as such, does not have a "home" discipline. The absence of this home discipline has allowed eHealth research to be published widely in journals ranging from the medical sciences, to engineering, to social science or to business and policy studies. The result of this fragmented, decentralized literature base is that researchers are not always aware of important papers published in other areas and journals. With this issue the Journal of Medical Internet Research is inaugurating a new article category which we call "CATCH-IT Reports" (Critically Appraised Topics in Communication, Health Informatics, and Technology). We hope these reports will draw attention to important work published in other (sometimes obscure) journals, provide a platform for discussion around results and methodological issues in eHealth research, and help to develop a framework for evidencebased eHealth. CATCH-IT Reports arise from "journal club" - like sessions founded in February 2003 at the Centre for Global eHealth Innovation. We invite other research institutions to create similar journal clubs and to write up and submit to this journal critiques in the form of CATCH-IT Reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1598
T1  - Evidence-based thinking and the alliance with parents. [References]
A1  - Hamilton,John D.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-10070-019 LG - English MA - Hamilton, John D.: john.hamilton@kp.org IN - Hamilton, John D.: North Valley Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, The Permanente Medical Group of California, Sacramento, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Adolescent Psychiatry
KW  - *Mental Disorders
KW  - *Parents
KW  - *Physicians
KW  - *Therapeutic Processes
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - adolescent psychiatric disorders
KW  - Adolescent Psychiatry
KW  - adolescents
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Affect
KW  - alliance
KW  - Author
KW  - California
KW  - Child
KW  - clinical literature
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based thinking
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - expertise
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - methods
KW  - Note
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Patient
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 108
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
N2  - Notes that changes in conceptualizing, treating, and informing about adolescent psychiatric disorders affect the alliance between physician and parents. Sharing evidence-based thinking (EBT) with parents and adolescent--thinking that integrates the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences--is useful when parents, an adolescent, and the treating physician are considering treatment decisions or diagnostic dilemmas. Often the physician knows (and parents don't) how to access psychiatric literature on a subject and critically evaluate it, and often only the physician knows what treatment resources and diagnostic tools are available. The author argues that in such situations, EBT can serve as a Rosetta stone, a common language allowing the physician to "translate" back and forth between evidence in the literature and the parents' own thinking about their child's problem. The author describes 4 ways that EBT strengthens the alliance with parents, and concludes that child psychiatric literature--made more accessible with low-cost computers, high-speed modems, and widely available electronic databases--can join with explicit methods for appraising evidence derived from academic epidemiologists to strengthen the alliance with adolescents and their parents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0890-8567
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1599
T1  - Education as a Signature Program at Breakthrough Club of Sedgwick County. [References]
A1  - Holter,Mark C.
A1  - Paul,Tim
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-22494-007 LG - English IN - Holter, Mark C.: University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, US Paul, Tim: New Beginnings School, Breakthrough Club of Sedgwick County, Inc., US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Adult Education
KW  - *Educational Objectives
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - alternatives
KW  - Community Mental Health Services
KW  - community-based educational program
KW  - Consumer
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - Educational Program Evaluation
KW  - educational programs
KW  - Employment
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - High School
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - mental health consumers
KW  - Michigan
KW  - program component
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 301
EP  - 313
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
N2  - Breakthrough Club of Sedgwick County started New Beginnings School as a flexible alternative to existing community-based educational programs. The school offers remedial coursework, as well as GED and high school diploma curricula, with the goal of facilitating post-secondary education and employment opportunities. Postsecondary educational alternatives include online, video-format, and correspondence courses that complement traditional supported education programming. The various educational program components support mental health consumers pursuing their educational objectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1548-7768
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1600
T1  - Critical thinking and critical appraisal: The chicken and the egg? [References]
A1  - Kee,F.
A1  - Bickle,I.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-17819-002 LG - English MA - Kee, F.: f.kee@qub.ac.uk IN - Kee, F.: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom Bickle, I.: Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Cognitive Appraisal
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - alternatives
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thought
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Egg
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Public Health
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - texts
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking processes
KW  - thought
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 609
EP  - 614
JF  - QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
VL  - 97
IS  - 9
N2  - The profusion of mini-guides and short courses in Critical Appraisal and Evidence-Based Practice has enriched our curricula for over a decade but perhaps basic skills of critical thought should take precedence in developing our day-to-day practice, which is rather less informed by the published evidence. Many of the contributions to the teaching of critical thinking have not come from medical schools, but rather from philosophy and psychology departments, but there are now regular International Conferences on Critical Thinking. The article describes a few local initiatives to promote critical thinking at an undergraduate and post-graduate level. Our thinking processes are often either hasty, narrow, fuzzy or sprawling. Some of the proven strategies that can subvert the most important cognitive biases affecting clinical judgment include obtaining feedback on the judgment process and outcome of judgment; overt accountability and justification for decision making; and the necessity to focus on alternatives. In our guide to critical thinking, we emphasize the need to avoid perceptual biases, by reframing problems, seeking descriptions from multiple reference points and the need to search for neglected information. While educationalists have designed programs to remedy these deficiencies, few clinical texts highlight strategies to deal with them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1460-2725
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1601
T1  - Enhancing the Critical Thinking Skills and Dispositions of Pre-Service Teachers. [References]
A1  - Kong,Siew Lang
A1  - Seng,Seok Hoon
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-20096-004 LG - English MA - Kong, Siew Lang: kong_niesg@yahoo.com.sg IN - Kong, Siew Lang: Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Seng, Seok Hoon: Nanyang Technological University, Singapore PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Singapore
KW  - *Preservice Teachers
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Teacher Personality
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - California
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom instruction
KW  - control
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - dispositions
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - pre-service teachers
KW  - preservice teachers
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Singapore
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 41
EP  - 56
JF  - Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper discusses various ways to enhance critical thinking skills and dispositions of pre-service teachers in Singapore using a thinking module based on the DASK model for preparing teachers to teach thinking skills. The study involved 109 pre-service teachers reading Diploma in Education. Half of the participants (N=56) went through the intervention module designed for preparing pre-service teachers to teach thinking skills in their classroom instruction. The other half (N=53) was the control group. Results showed that pre-service teachers in the intervention module improved their critical thinking sub-skill of 'recognition of assumptions'. Critical thinking skills and dispositions were measured by Watson- Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (Watson & Glaser, 1980) and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (Facione, Facione, & Giancarlo, 2000) respectively. Implications of the study are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1598-723X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1602
T1  - Scientific research in education: A critical perspective. [References]
A1  - Lather,Patti
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-00946-001 LG - English MA - Lather, Patti: lather.1@osu.edu IN - Lather, Patti: Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US CF - The Science and Politics of Accountability in Public Education Conference, Nov, 2003, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada CN - An early version of this paper was presented at the aforementioned conference
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Government Policy Making
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Theory
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - federal legislation
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - legislation
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - public education
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - scientific research
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 759
EP  - 772
JF  - British Educational Research Journal
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
N2  - This article reviews the debate in the USA about quality in educational research which has underpinned particular approaches to educational research being mandated in federal legislation. It argues that the movement towards 'evidence-based policy and practice' oversimplifies complex problems and is being used to warrant governmental incursion into legislating scientific method. It calls for critical readings of current policy and direct engagement in policy forums--putting critical theory to work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0141-1926
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1603
T1  - Cochrane systematic reviews: Time for an introduction and appraisal. [References]
A1  - Ling,Walter
A1  - Farrell,Michael
A1  - Ali,Robert
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-12194-001 LG - English MA - Ling, Walter: lwalter@ucla.edu IN - Ling, Walter: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, US Farrell, Michael: National Addiction Centre, London, United Kingdom Ali, Robert: Drug and Alcohol Services Council, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Data Collection
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Scientific Communication
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - California
KW  - cochrane systematic review
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consumer
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - data processing
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - English
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - methods
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - Opiate
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260].
KW  - research process
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Substance Abuse
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Technique
KW  - technique validity
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 217
EP  - 218
JF  - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
N2  - The UK Cochrane Center, an initiative that expanded to become the International Cochrane Collaboration in 1993, was established in 1992, with support from the UK National Health Service Research and Development Program. The major aim of the collaboration since its inception has been to promote evidence-based research and practice and to ensure that both consumers and practitioners have an influence on shaping the research agenda. The collaboration has been remarkably successful around the world with more 150 different interest groups covering a wide range of health care issues. The Cochrane Systematic Review encompasses a meta-analysis which employs statistical methods to combine and summarize the data from a range of selected studies to arrive at an aggregate treatment effect size. The very power of systematic reviews and meta-analysis make it critically important to be confident of the validity of application of the technique. In this issue of the journal, Amato and colleagues (see record 2004-12194-002) provide an overview of the systematic reviews on the effectiveness of interventions on opiate withdrawal treatment. The Cochrane approach attempts to control for variable quality and to provide a robust if sometimes limited commentary on tightly defined interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0376-8716
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1604
T1  - Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice. [References]
A1  - Mott,Vivian W.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-13322-006 LG - English IN - Mott, Vivian W.: East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - academic success
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom techniques
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - effective teaching
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - learner centered teaching
KW  - Learning
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
JF  - Adult Education Quarterly
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
N2  - Reviews the book "Learner-Centered Teaching: Five Key Changes to Practice," by Maryellen Weimer (2002). This book is a worthwhile addition to author's extensive writings on effective teaching. As the title indicates, the book's focus is teaching improvement through attention on the learner. The book is comprehensive, well researched, practice based, and thoroughly readable, as readers of Weimer's earlier works have noted. The book includes many useful classroom techniques--not enumerated as a litany of isolated teaching strategies but explained in context "as part of a coherent, integrated approach to teaching". In addition to Weimer's conversational writing style, also notable among the strengths of this practical book are appendixes that include sample syllabi, learning logs, and useful handouts for academic success. Regardless of the level Or content one teaches, this book will prompt a critical examination of our teaching and ease the transition to more effective teaching focused on the learner. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0741-7136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1605
T1  - Students' Critical Reading of Articles: Effects of Guidance and Group Discussion. [Japanese]. [References]
A1  - Okibayashi,Yohe
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-02152-003 LG - Japanese MA - Okibayashi, Yohe: liam2002@hiroshima-u.ac.jp IN - Okibayashi, Yohe: Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Japan PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Group Discussion
KW  - *Psychology
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Academic Learning & Achievement [3550].
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - cognitive psychology
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Education
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - group discussions
KW  - guidance
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Performance
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology articles
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - School
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 241
EP  - 254
JF  - Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
N2  - The purpose of the present study was to examine whether providing guidance and group discussion to university students who had taken no courses in cognitive psychology or educational psychology might improve their ability to read psychology articles critically. In Experiment 1, guidance was provided to 40 university students. Experiment 2 combined guidance and group discussions; participants were 44 university students. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that providing guidance improved students' critical reading performance. However, the results of Experiment 2 suggested that although group discussions increased the number of adequate critiques, the number of inadequate critiques also increased. These findings suggest that students' critical reading ability is more likely to improve if guidance is provided when they are engaged in group discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0021-5015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1606
T1  - Palliative Care Research: Is There Enough Evidence for Critical Appraisal? Evidence-Based Palliative Care: Across the Lifespan. [References]
A1  - Quill,Timothy E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-11662-009 LG - English IN - Quill, Timothy E.: Palliative Care Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Palliative Care
KW  - Age
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - lifespan
KW  - palliative care
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - thought
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 119
EP  - 120
JF  - Clinical Journal of Pain
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Reviews the book, "Evidence-Based Palliative Care: Across the Lifespan," by Huda Abu-Saad. Palliative care will come of age when some studies in the field meet the highest methodological standards for the subject under consideration and when one can easily determine which of the interventions are supported by strong data and which are based more on faith and tradition. Those who are looking for a critical appraisal of the evidence or some clues to discriminate sources of quality palliative care data from those of very weak data will find the book quite frustrating. It is virtually impossible to discern which studies the author thought were well done or critical to a particular domain. There was no methodological rating system other than a very superficial categorical description of the many studies reviewed. Thus, one leaves the book with a sense that a lot of work has been done but no clear sense of which questions have been satisfactorily answered or where there are holes. To be fair, it was not the author's intent to apply critical appraisal standards to available palliative care articles, but that is clearly the needed next step. In such an endeavor, each of the topics touched on in this book might be addressed with considerably more depth, methodologic rigor, and formal critical appraisal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0749-8047
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1607
T1  - Improving the Practice Environment for Evidence-Based Practice. [References]
A1  - Redman,Richard W.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-20308-003 LG - English IN - Redman, Richard W.: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Health Care Delivery
KW  - *Nursing
KW  - assessment
KW  - Awareness
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Organization
KW  - health care organizations
KW  - Human
KW  - innovation
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Interventions
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - practice environment
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - testing
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 127
EP  - 129
JF  - Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal
VL  - 18
IS  - 2-3
N2  - One of the fundamental challenges faced in organizations today is the effective management of change and innovation. This challenge becomes even greater when considering health care organizations. Among the barriers that have been identified when trying to move clinicians toward practice based on best evidence available are factors such as lack of awareness or familiarity with new evidence, lack of belief that changing practice based on new evidence will lead to better patient outcomes, lack of resources in the practice environment to support changes in practice, and lack of opportunity to discuss and evaluate new evidence with colleagues and care team members. A second issue has to do with the approach taken when implementing evidence based practice in many organizations. Generally, when nursing interventions are tested, the assessment does not address organizational capacity issues that might influence the implementation of the intervention in the practice setting. Foxcroft and Cole (2003) reviewed the literature to identify effective organizational infrastructures for the promotion of evidence-based nursing practice. They conclude that the development and testing of models with demonstrated effectiveness is a critical need. These issues remain to be addressed before we can expect to see clinicians and practice environments where best evidence is readily embraced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0889-7182
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1608
T1  - Teacher learning in the context of a video club. [References]
A1  - Sherin,Miriam Gamoran
A1  - Han,Sandra Y.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-12888-004 LG - English MA - Sherin, Miriam Gamoran: msherin@northwestern.edu; Han, Sandra Y.: s-han@northwestern.edu IN - Sherin, Miriam Gamoran: School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, US Han, Sandra Y.: School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US CF - Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Apr, 2002, US CN - An earlier version of this paper was presented at the aforementioned conference
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - *Teacher Education
KW  - *Videotapes
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Attention
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom videotapes
KW  - classrooms
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - mathematics teachers
KW  - meetings
KW  - middle school
KW  - Model
KW  - Paper
KW  - pedagogical issues
KW  - Policy
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - social policy
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher learning
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - video clubs
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 163
EP  - 183
JF  - Teaching and Teacher Education
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper examines one model of professional development, the use of video clubs in which groups of teachers watch and discuss videotapes of their classrooms. Specifically, the paper investigates the learning that occurred as four middle-school mathematics teachers participated in a year-long series of video club meetings Over time, discourse in the video clubs shifted from a primary focus on the teacher to increased attention to students' actions and ideas. In addition, discussions of student thinking moved from simple restatements of students' ideas to detailed analyses of student thinking. Furthermore, teachers began to reframe their discussions of pedagogical issues in terms of student thinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0742-051X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1609
T1  - Will the Real Evidence-Based Practice Please Stand Up? Teaching the Process of Evidence- Based Practice to the Helping Professions. [References]
A1  - Shlonsky,Aron
A1  - Gibbs,Leonard
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-15536-004 LG - English MA - Shlonsky, Aron: as2156@columbia.edu IN - Shlonsky, Aron: Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, US Gibbs, Leonard: University of Wisconsin, Department of Social Work, WI, US SI - Special Issue: Evidence-Based Practice in Healthcare and Mental Health PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Clinical Methods Training
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Social Casework
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - client preferences
KW  - clients
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - healthcare
KW  - helping professions
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - professional training
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - School
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - trends
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Wisconsin
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 153
JF  - Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
N2  - "Evidence-based practice" (EBP) is in danger of becoming a catchphrase for anything that is done with clients that can somehow be linked to an empirical study, regardless of the study's quality, competing evidence, or consideration of clients' needs. The EBP process, on the other hand, involves a well-built practice question, an efficient search for best evidence, a critical appraisal of that evidence, and action based on the interchange between client preferences, practice experience, and the best evidence. This article defines elements in the EBP process through examples taken from our own multidisciplinary work with students in two separate graduate and undergraduate programs. We also discuss practical concerns that have arisen while teaching EBP and explore a number of trends in discipline-specific databases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1474-3310
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1610
T1  - Reflective learning journals: From concept to practice. [References]
A1  - Thorpe,Karran
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-00945-004 LG - English MA - Thorpe, Karran: Thorpe@uleth.ca IN - Thorpe, Karran: School of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Educational Personnel
KW  - *Nursing Education
KW  - *Nursing Students
KW  - active learning
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - Concepts
KW  - discrimination
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reflection models
KW  - reflective learning journals
KW  - Reflectiveness
KW  - researchers
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 327
EP  - 343
JF  - Reflective Practice
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
N2  - Reflective learning journals are recognized as a significant tool in promoting active learning among nursing students. Essentially, nurse educators strive to encourage students to think about past experiences, current situations, and expected outcomes of their actions so that they can explain what they do in the clinical setting and why. In other words, nurse educators seek to promote professional practice that is reflective rather than routine. The purposes in this paper are to discuss the application of two models of reflection to a set of reflective learning journals and to offer some recommendations for educators, researchers, and students. Using a three stage model of reflection (Scanlon & Chernomas, 1997), 52 nursing students explored managerial concepts. The major findings indicated that students may be categorized, according to Kember et al. (1999), as nonreflectors (i.e., lack evidence of deliberate appraisal), reflectors (i.e., demonstrate insight through analysis, discrimination, and evaluation), and critical reflectors (i.e., indicate a transformation from initial perspective). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1462-3943
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1611
T1  - Evidence-Based Practices in Health Care: Social Work Possibilities. [References]
A1  - Zlotnik,Joan Levy
A1  - Galambos,Colleen
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2004-20708-001 LG - English MA - Zlotnik, Joan Levy: jzlotnik@naswdc.org; Galambos, Colleen: galambosc@missouri.edu IN - Zlotnik, Joan Levy: Institute for the Advancement of Social Work Research, Washington, DC, US Galambos, Colleen: School of Social Work, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Health Care Services
KW  - *Social Services
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Services
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Random Assignment
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - social services
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 261
JF  - Health & Social Work
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. In the social work profession, EBP is receiving increasing attention. With increased focus on EBP, questions arise about what constitutes evidence. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are seen as the gold standard of evidence. Random assignment of individuals to an experimental or control group may not be feasible or ethical. In fact, the evidence base should go beyond randomized experiments to include quasi-experimental designs and non-experimental, clinical, and descriptive studies. There is a need to recognize that the term evidence-based is omnipresent for the foreseeable future and to ensure that the social work voice and social work perspective are visible in the development of evidence, the dissemination of evidence, and the adoption and adaptation of what works. The articles in this issue examine critical topics related to the delivery of health and social work services. The research in some of the articles describes the collection and analysis of data that moves us closer to achieving EBP. We hope that the articles in this issue stimulate an interest in the topics covered and that readers obtain a heightened understanding of EBP and the importance of it to the profession of social work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0360-7283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1612
T1  - A sociocultural perspective: Language arts framework, vocabulary activities and English language learners in a second grade mixed classroom. [References]
A1  - Ajayi,Lasisi J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-12870-001 LG - English MA - Ajayi, Lasisi J.: lasisiajayi@aol.com IN - Ajayi, Lasisi J.: Department of Teacher Education, California State University, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Language Arts Education
KW  - *Language Development
KW  - *Vocabulary
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - California
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - City
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - control
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - English language learners
KW  - Human
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Insight
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional practices
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - Language Arts Education
KW  - language learning
KW  - Learning
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Needs
KW  - pedagogical issues
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - second grade
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - sociocultural approach
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - vocabulary acquisition
KW  - vocabulary development
KW  - vocabulary instruction
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 180
EP  - 195
JF  - Journal of Instructional Psychology
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
N2  - Vocabulary acquisition is a critical component of academic language. This aspect of the school curriculum seems to be more difficult for language learners to acquire. This study therefore examines the language arts conceptual framework and the instructional activities for vocabulary development in a second grade mixed classroom with a view to evaluate how language learning conceptualization and instructional practices accommodate specific well-established theoretical, practical and pedagogical issues underpinning English language teaching/learning. Drawing on insights from the theories of the sociocultural approach and critical language pedagogy, I reviewed the Reading/Language Arts Framework for its provisions for language learners. In addition, I observed a vocabulary lesson in a second grade class. The study reveals that the conceptual framework sets the stage for vocabulary instruction to foster monolingual and monocultural American society despite the fact that second grade classrooms in Los Angeles metropolitan city contain learners of dynamic and sometimes conflicting identities, needs, preferences, interests and aspiration. Furthermore, the study shows that the tight control of the teacher on instructional activities and the structured nature of the lesson did not create a conducive atmosphere for language learners to appropriate other pupils' voices and identities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0094-1956
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1613
T1  - Deconstructing Evidence-based Practice
A1  - Beech,Ian
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-07716-021 LG - English IN - Beech, Ian: School of Care Sciences, Uiversity of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Book
KW  - deconstruction
KW  - deconstructionism
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - journal
KW  - love
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 508
EP  - 509
JF  - Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Reviews the book "Deconstructing Evidence-based Practice" (2004) by Dawn Freshwater & Gary Rolfe. This book was a challenging but ultimately very rewarding read. In the spirit of deconstructionism, it is not presented in a way that most people who have read a book before will find familiar. After delving into Derrida, Barthes and various other theorists in an attempt to discuss deconstruction, the book moves to being presented in columns rather like a newspaper. This piece of work often has two columns on a page but they are two separate but connected pieces, the left-hand column being an original paper, about evidence-based medicine, and the right being a deconstruction of the same paper. The book provides demonstrations of deconstruction in action and in theory. It is a book that you will love or hate but not be ambivalent towards. It will not sell well but nevertheless should be not dismissed if you are interested in considering a critical approach to theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1351-0126
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1614
T1  - The Metaphysical Club at The Johns Hopkins University (1879-1885). [References]
A1  - Behrens,Peter J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-15885-001 LG - English MA - Behrens, Peter J.: pjb4@psu.edu IN - Behrens, Peter J.: Pennsylvania State University, PA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Colleges
KW  - *History of Psychology
KW  - *Organizations
KW  - *Psychology Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - America
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - History & Systems [2140].
KW  - history of psychology
KW  - Hopkins Metaphysical Club
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Metaphysics
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pennsylvania
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 331
EP  - 346
JF  - History of Psychology
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
N2  - Of the earliest American universities, The Johns Hopkins in Baltimore holds a unique position for psychology. At Hopkins, many of America's first psychologists received their graduate training. Of special interest is the Hopkins Metaphysical Club, organized in 1879 by Charles Sanders Peirce. It provided a forum for research and scholarship by faculty and students. Papers related to topics of the "new" psychology began to appear in 1883, about the time G. Stanley Hall was given a 3-year appointment at Hopkins. When Peirce departed Hopkins in 1885, Hall was free to develop psychology in his image and disbanded the club. Nevertheless, the Metaphysical Club played an important role in the emergence of American scientific psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1093-4510
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1615
T1  - Review of Organizing Reflection
A1  - Bullock,Judy
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2007-01412-007 LG - English IN - Bullock, Judy: University of Phoenix, Atlanta, GA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Organizational Behavior
KW  - *Organizational Effectiveness
KW  - *Organizational Learning
KW  - *Reflectiveness
KW  - *Reminiscence
KW  - argument
KW  - Author
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emotional States
KW  - English
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Resource Management
KW  - human resources
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - Organization
KW  - organizational behavior
KW  - Organizational Behavior [3660].
KW  - organizational learning
KW  - organizational performance
KW  - Organizations
KW  - organizing reflection
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Performance
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Review
KW  - Solid
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thought
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 504
EP  - 506
JF  - Leadership & Organization Development Journal
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
N2  - Reviews the book, Organizing Reflection by Michael Reynolds and Russ Vince (2004). Organizing Reflection is an enlightening examination of the conceptual application of reflection in an organizational setting. This volume offers succinct arguments, examples, and pedagogical foundations for the utilization of reflection and reflexive practices to improve organizational performance. The authors have masterfully assembled a compendium of writings by pre-eminent scholars and professionals across the disciplines of organizational behavior, learning, human resources, and management to provide a solid basis to support the central premise that the power of collective reflection can be harnessed to support organizational learning and change. The authors also provide an excellent framework for contemplation of the utility and benefits afforded by collective reflection in organizational settings in the first chapter of the book. The book presents a balanced perspective on reflection ranging from the emotional aspects of thinking and feeling through critical reflection in management settings. It is an excellent book that presents leading edge thinking on the possibilities inherent in a community of practice utilizing collective reflection to enhance organizational learning and change. Bringing forth new knowledge essential for organizations seeking competitive advantage, the authors distinguished panel of contributors provide new food for thought for readers interested in harnessing the synergy of collective reflection on organizational improvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0143-7739
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1616
T1  - Critical characteristics of a three-tiered model applied to reading interventions. [References]
A1  - Christo,Catherine
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-02548-004 LG - English MA - Christo, Catherine: christo@csus.edu IN - Christo, Catherine: California State University, Sacramento, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Educational Diagnosis
KW  - *Intervention
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *School Psychologists
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - critical characteristics
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - intervention program
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - play
KW  - Psychologist
KW  - psychologists
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading interventions
KW  - Response to Intervention
KW  - Role
KW  - role of school psychologist
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Screening
KW  - service delivery criteria
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - three tiered model
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 44
JF  - California School Psychologist
VL  - 10
N2  - The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a conceptual understanding of the key elements in a three tiered Response to Intervention (RTI) model. The three tiered model is discussed in terms of how it would be applied in implementing an intervention program to promote the development of reading. The characteristics of interventions, criteria for determining the delivery of services and the role of the school psychologist at each stage are discussed. The article concludes that RTI models are excellent approaches for designing intervention programs and school psychologists have a key role to play in helping to design and implement such programs. Concerns regarding the implementation of such models are noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1087-3414
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1617
T1  - Book Review: 19 Urban Questions: Teaching in the City. [References]
A1  - Cole,Emily
A1  - Dimitriadis,Greg
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-09027-006 LG - English PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Urban Environments
KW  - academics
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - bilingual education
KW  - Book
KW  - City
KW  - Conversation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - democracy
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Multiculturalism
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - Urban Area
KW  - Urban Areas
KW  - urban education
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 565
EP  - 571
JF  - Urban Education
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
N2  - Review of the book 19 Urban Questions: Teaching in the City, edited by Shirley R. Steinberg and Joe L. Kincheloe (2004). The authors of the review find this book a unique and essential read for anyone interested in urban education today. As the title indicates, the editors and authors do not offer neatly packaged solutions to the complex problems that inhere in our urban centers. Rather, they thoughtfully explore key critical questions and issues. Each chapter in this volume foregrounds a single question, which allows the authors to critically unpack central issues and themes. Several chapters tread a key balance in contemporary approaches to multiculturalism, advocating that schools be responsive to urban diversity (Banks, 2003; Sleeter & Grant, 1999) while simultaneously rejecting the notion that "difference" can be addressed through attention to neatly circumscribed school curricula alone. The wide range of issues tackled in Nineteen Urban Questions makes it an especially informative and timely book. Indeed, the span of topics underscores how and why urban teachers need to be concerned with much more than subject matter proficiency. Several chapters are dedicated to student learning, exploring both academics (broadly) as well as subjects such as science, writing, and literacy (more specifically), with Freirian notions of learning and engagement the dominant discourse here (Shor & Freire, 1987). Critical issues of student dropouts, bilingual education, and disabilities-often regarded as peripheral glitches in the new managerial approaches to education (Apple, 2001)-are given systematic attention in this book. As the authors and editors collectively underscore, the specific concerns of minority students here make these questions particularly salient in urban locales (Anyon, 1997; Fine, 1994; Kozol, 1991). Of course, there are inherent problems in delimiting 19 questions. In casting such a specific net, related issues tend to be underdeveloped. Steinberg acknowledges this dilemma in her last chapter and explains that this book "only scratches the grimy surface of those questions" (p. 281) and is intended as a starting point for conversations around urban education. Intentionally understated (or perhaps an assumed stance), this book advances the ideals and possibilities inherent in educating for a critical democracy (Saltman, 2004). In closing, Nineteen Urban Questions is not a generic teacher education text by any means. As such, it won't appeal to those hoping for a simplistic guide to teaching in urban areas. This book would well serve anyone interested in a better understanding of urban education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0042-0859
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1618
T1  - "She's sort of dragging me into the story!" Student teachers' experiences of reading aloud in Key Stage 2 classes. [References]
A1  - Collins,Fiona M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-05975-003 LG - English MA - Collins, Fiona M.: f.collins@roehampton.ac.uk IN - Collins, Fiona M.: School of Education, Roehampton University, London, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - United Kingdom
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Oral Reading
KW  - *Primary School Students
KW  - *Student Teachers
KW  - *Textbooks
KW  - Article
KW  - child learning
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - early childhood development
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - narrative texts
KW  - play
KW  - Preschool Age (2-5 yrs)
KW  - primary age children
KW  - primary curriculum
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading aloud
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - school experience
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - student teachers
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher experiences
KW  - Teachers
KW  - texts
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 17
JF  - Literacy
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
N2  - This article explores the place of the class novel within the current primary curriculum. It begins with an overview of past and current thinking about reading aloud to older primary-age children. The discussion then moves on to describing research carried out with 43 primary postgraduate student teachers, which aimed to investigate the students' school experiences of observing reading aloud and working on whole narrative texts. Lastly, the article focuses on how the findings influenced changes made to a postgraduate primary course in order to support and develop students' understanding of the role that reading aloud plays in developing children's critical understanding of story. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1741-4350
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1619
T1  - Fostering Meaningful Classroom Discussion: Student-Generated Questions, Quotations, and Talking Points. [References]
A1  - Connor-Greene,Patricia A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-08705-008 LG - English MA - Connor-Greene, Patricia A.: connorg@clemson.edu IN - Connor-Greene, Patricia A.: Clemson University, Clemson, SC, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Communication Skills
KW  - *Questioning
KW  - *Reasoning
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Article
KW  - class discussion
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom discussion
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - daily response papers
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - meaningful discussion
KW  - Paper
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - quotations
KW  - Reading
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - talking points
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - understanding reading
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 173
EP  - 175
JF  - Teaching of Psychology
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
N2  - Although classroom discussion can increase students' critical thinking and communication skills, teachers may be reluctant to use a discussion format if students do not participate or if their contributions lack substance. This article describes the use of daily response papers in which students prepare a question, quotation, and talking points (QQTP) prior to each class session to serve as the foundation for meaningful discussion. Students rated the QQTP, especially the questions and talking points, as an effective method for enhancing their understanding of the reading material and preparing for class discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0098-6283
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1620
T1  - A meta-review of the management development literature. [References]
A1  - Cullen,John
A1  - Turnbull,Sharon
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-04396-005 LG - English IN - Cullen, John: Irish Management Institute, Dublin, Ireland Turnbull, Sharon: Leadership Trust Foundation, Ross-On-Wye, HRT, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Career Development
KW  - *Literature
KW  - *Management Training
KW  - *Models
KW  - *Trends
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confusion
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - Management & Management Training [3640].
KW  - management development literature
KW  - management education
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - trends
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 335
EP  - 355
JF  - Human Resource Development Review
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
N2  - An appraisal of recent reviews of the literature on management development demonstrates the existence of a number of perspectives on the topic, and this lack of a uniform approach has contributed to confusion about the subject. This article examines a series of recent and existing literature reviews on the topic of management development. It reviews existing and current syntheses of the management development literature and typological models of management development. The aim of the article is to critically analyze these reviews, with the intention of providing an overview of what has been written about management development during the past 25 years. The article unearths core issues and trends that have emerged in the various "literatures" and provides a synthesis of the concepts and paradigms that emerge from these research literatures. The metareview concludes by proposing a framework/model, within which contributions to the literature on management development can be placed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1534-4843
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1621
T1  - Access to academics for ALL Students - Critical approaches to inclusive curriculum instruction and policy
A1  - da Costa,Maria
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-09368-012 LG - English IN - da Costa, Maria: Institute of Education, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classroom Environment
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - academic instruction
KW  - academics
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - classroom activities
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - inclusive schools
KW  - Insight
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Justice
KW  - Needs
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - social justice
KW  - social participation
KW  - special education
KW  - Student
KW  - student disabilities
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 330
EP  - 331
JF  - British Journal of Educational Psychology
VL  - 75
IS  - 2
N2  - Reviews the book, "Access to academics for ALL Students - Critical approaches to inclusive curriculum instruction and policy," edited by Paula Kluth, Diana M. Straut and Douglas P. Biklen (see record 2003-00726-000). This is a well written book, which aims to add to the discussion of effective inclusive schooling. The definition of inclusion in the book considers all learners with a range of strengths and rights, rather than a traditional approach to needs. By adopting a social justice approach, the authors draw attention to the provision of opportunities to learn, succeed, and how to use the unique skills that diverse pupils possess. Following the preface, the book is divided into ten easy to read chapters. Examples of practical activities and resources would have helped the reader to make better sense of the themes addressed. The book provides an insight into inclusive practice in schools in the US, although at times it was necessary to have experience to make sense of the terminology used throughout. This book can be a useful resource to anyone involved in teacher training and teaching in general and will also be helpful for parents and schools administrators as it promotes the philosophical tenets of the inclusive school movement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0007-0998
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1622
T1  - Teaching Critical Discussion Skills in Japan through Current Events Issues. [References]
A1  - Davidson,Bruce
A1  - Oshima,Sumiko
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-04061-007 LG - English MA - Davidson, Bruce: z00134@hokusei.ac IN - Davidson, Bruce: Hokusei Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan Oshima, Sumiko: Hokusei Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Japan
KW  - *Group Discussion
KW  - *Newspapers
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Article
KW  - class discussion
KW  - critical discussion skills
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - current events issues
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - guidance
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - newspapers
KW  - progress
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 81
EP  - 89
JF  - Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - A university seminar class conducted in Japanese was designed to teach students critical discussion through presentations about issues discussed in current newspapers. Two instructors, including one with a journalistic background, guided a group of students into techniques for analyzing and discussing issues in the news. After preliminary sessions training students in various basic skills of newspaper reading and critical thinking, each student had to present an opinion based on a particular issue, along with news articles about that issue, analyzing reasons and evidence both pro and con. The presenter and other class members responded to these with counter-arguments and additional relevant reasons or evidence on that issue. After initial weaknesses, dramatic progress appeared in their ability to present and analyze opinions, culminating in a final seventy-minute sustained discussion with little teacher interference about the issue of whether Japanese troops should be sent to Iraq. The class experience seems to demonstrate that with proper training and guidance Japanese students can competently conduct a critical class discussion in Japanese. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1598-723X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1623
T1  - Inclusive education: Readings and reflections
A1  - Doveston,Mary
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-03751-010 LG - English IN - Doveston, Mary: Centre for Special Educational Needs and Research, University College Northampton, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Educational Reform
KW  - *History
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - argument
KW  - Book
KW  - challenge
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom practice
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - Education
KW  - educational reform
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - History
KW  - Human
KW  - images
KW  - inclusion
KW  - inclusive education
KW  - Insight
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Justice
KW  - Language
KW  - legislation
KW  - mainstream schools
KW  - Needs
KW  - Note
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - participation
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - social justice
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 244
EP  - 246
JF  - European Journal of Special Needs Education
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - It is an interesting time to look back at defining moments in the journey towards inclusion. In Inclusive Education: Readings and Reflections (2004), editors Gary Thomas and Mark Vaughan trace the development of inclusive education within a changing political and social context. The book is structured into four sections: Part 1, 'The context--rights, participation, social justice' examines inclusive thought within a historical framework. This section reminds and challenges the reader to reflect on the values, language, images and also the stereotypes we may hold about inclusion. Part 2 of the book offers a good overview of philosophical, sociological and empirical arguments and evidence against segregation since the 1960s. It illustrates the movement away from notions of segregation and integration towards the idea of inclusion. Part 3 focuses on a selection of the legislation, reports and statements from the USA, the UK and international organizations which, the editors note, represent the reactive response of politicians and policy-makers to changing views on inclusion within the educational context. Part 4 offers a restricted insight into inclusion in action. Do we need this book? While it is a useful reference book for students of the history of inclusion in education, it is limited in scope. The focus on the importance of including all children in mainstream skews this book towards issues of desegregation at the expense of a critical reflection on how mainstream schools are developing inclusive practice in the classroom. Although the top-down perspective on inclusion illustrated in this book is important, this needs to sit alongside 'bottom-up approaches' that demonstrate inclusive classroom practice. Within the limitations noted, this book offers an opportunity for the reader to take stock of how far we have come on a journey towards a more inclusive society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0885-6257
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1624
T1  - Review of The Literacy Curriculum & Bilingual Education: A Critical Examination. [References]
A1  - Faltis,Christian
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-10027-008 LG - English MA - Faltis, Christian: cfaltis@asu.edu IN - Faltis, Christian: Program in Multicultural & Multilingual Education, College of Education, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Bilingual Education
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - adolescents
KW  - bilingual education
KW  - Book
KW  - challenge
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy curriculum
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - multilingual
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - questioning
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - speaking
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 359
EP  - 361
JF  - Linguistics and Education
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - Reviews the book, The Literacy Curriculum & Bilingual Education: A Critical Examination by K. Cadiero-Kaplan and Peter Lang (2003). One of most fascinating qualities of words is that they can signify multiple meanings, and as Cadiero-Kaplan attempt to make clear, who benefits when certain meanings are privileged over others can have far-reaching implications for practices. Three words that appear in the title of this book, literacy, curriculum, and critical are the main contested meanings that Cadiero-Kaplan unpacks. A central goal of this book, then, is pose and expose the literacy curriculum as a problem of who forms, legitimizes, and disconfirms the meaning of practices that inform the experiences of teachers and students alike. The book is actually about bilingual education policy. This book makes a strong case for why it is important for teachers and students, especially those in bilingual education, to begin to challenge meanings and practices that are held to make common sense and be appropriate for children and adolescents in these programs. Much of this book is dedicated to convincing readers with a solifidian fervor that problemposing and questioning school policy and practices will lead to improvements in education for children and adolescents from poor, immigrant and non-English speaking communities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0898-5898
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1625
T1  - A Longitudinal Assessment of Gifted Students' Learning Using the Integrated Curriculum Model (ICM): Impacts and Perceptions of the William and Mary Language Arts and Science Curriculum. [References]
A1  - Feng,Annie Xuemei
A1  - VanTassel-Baska,Joyce
A1  - Quek,Chwee
A1  - Bai,Wenyu
A1  - O'Neill,Barbara
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-02128-002 LG - English MA - Feng, Annie Xuemei: axfeng@wm.edu; VanTassel-Baska, Joyce: jlvant@wm.edu; Quek, Chwee: cgquek@wm.edu; Bai, Wenyu: wxbaix@wrn.edu; O'Neill, Barbara: Barbara_O'Neill@Greenwich.k12.ct.us IN - Feng, Annie Xuemei: Center for Gifted Education, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, US VanTassel-Baska, Joyce: College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, US Quek, Chwee: College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, US Bai, Wenyu: College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, US O'Neill, Barbara: Greenwich Public Schools, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Gifted
KW  - *Language
KW  - *Sciences
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Art
KW  - Arts
KW  - assessment
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - College
KW  - critical reading
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Exposure
KW  - gifted
KW  - Gifted & Talented [3575].
KW  - gifted students
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Integrated Curriculum Model
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language arts
KW  - language arts curriculum
KW  - Learning
KW  - Model
KW  - Perception
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - science curriculum
KW  - scientific research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - US
KW  - William and Mary curriculum
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 78
EP  - 83
JF  - Roeper Review
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
N2  - This study examines the effects over time of implementing the William and Mary language arts and science curriculum for gifted learners designed around the Integrated Curriculum Model (ICM) in one suburban school district. It also analyzes stakeholders' perceptions of the effectiveness of the curriculum. Findings suggest that gifted student learning at grades 3 to 5 has been enhanced at significant and important levels in language arts critical reading and persuasive writing and scientific research design skills, through the use of the curriculum across individual academic years and over a period of 6 years. Repeated exposure over 2- to 3-year periods across cohort groups demonstrated strong increasing achievement patterns. The majority of all stakeholder groups found the curriculum to be effective and beneficial in very specific ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0278-3193
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1626
T1  - Lessons From La Maestra Miriam: Developing Literate Identities Through Early Critical Literacy Teaching. [References]
A1  - Flores-Duenas,Leila
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-10510-002 LG - English MA - Flores-Duenas, Leila: lflores@unm.edu IN - Flores-Duenas, Leila: Department of Language, Literacy & Sociocultural Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Bilingual Education
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - bilingual education
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - developing literate identities
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - guidance
KW  - Human
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy learning
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - literacy teaching
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - students performance
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher educators
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching reading
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 237
EP  - 251
JF  - Journal of Latinos and Education
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
N2  - In the 1990s, teacher educators began to hear about the importance of studying and reporting on "best practices" in literacy learning to narrow the gap between high- and low-performing students. Of the studies produced, few of them looked to research in areas such as bilingual education for guidance on how to improve teaching reading for Spanish-dominant children. This year-long, qualitative study attempts to offer insight about how an exemplary Mexican bilingual teacher mobilizes her 1st-grade students' linguistic and cultural resources in Spanish to develop critical literacy skills that foster healthy literate identities and classroom communities for these Latino students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1534-8431
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1627
T1  - Language policies in education: Critical issues
A1  - Francis,Norbert
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-05124-009 LG - English MA - Francis, Norbert: norbert.francis@nau.edu IN - Francis, Norbert: College of Education, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Linguistics
KW  - *Minority Groups
KW  - *Policy Making
KW  - *Political Issues
KW  - *Sociolinguistics
KW  - Africa
KW  - Asia
KW  - Attention
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - bilingual education
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Child
KW  - class inequalities
KW  - College
KW  - Communication
KW  - conflict
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500]; Social Processes & Social Issues [2900].
KW  - English
KW  - ethnic inequality
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Rights
KW  - India
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - language policies
KW  - linguistic minority conflicts
KW  - mainstream populations
KW  - multilingual
KW  - Multilingualism
KW  - national inequality
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - psycholinguistic
KW  - Psycholinguistics
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - regional inequalities
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Social Equality
KW  - Social Movements
KW  - understanding
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
EP  - 300
JF  - Language in Society
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
N2  - Reviews the book "Language policies in education: Critical issues," edited by James W. Tollefson (see record 2001-18186-000). This book brings together a wide-ranging collection of essays from the United States, Canada, Australia, Yugoslavia, India and East Asia, Eastern Africa, and the Solomon Islands. Editor James Tollefson frames the discussion in his introduction and conclusion on language conflict and language rights in a way that calls our attention to the central questions. The editor reminds readers that all discussions of educational language policy must keep in the foreground considerations of effective pedagogical practice and constraints on language learners. These more narrowly circumscribed educational, developmental, and psycholinguistic determinants are subordinated to political-ideological impositions at the risk of undermining basic democratic principles. The authors in this volume avoid the facile global-phobic response to the expansion of languages of world communication (LWC) among the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia, and to the developing inter-LWC realignments almost everywhere else outside the English-speaking regions. The challenge for linguists and educational planners lies in understanding the dynamics of multilingual systems and child bilingual development, neither of which are yet well understood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0047-4045
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1628
T1  - Editorial: Evidence-based healthcare
A1  - Frewin,Derek A.O.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-10868-001 LG - English PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Disorders
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Health Care Delivery
KW  - *Health Promotion
KW  - *Treatment
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - health information
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Meaningfulness
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - strategies
KW  - Treatment Planning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
JF  - International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based healthcare has become an increasingly important topic in recent years. It is usually described as 'the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients' and consists of the following five steps: (a) formulating clinically important questions; (b) efficiently gathering clinical evidence (research); (c) conducting critical appraisal (assessment) of the evidence; (d) applying the evidence to practice; and (e) evaluating that practice. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), now in its eighth year of operation, has forged ahead with dynamic innovative approaches not only to the concept of evidence, but also with the communication and implementation of health strategies globally. JBI is committed to the provision of evidence-based health information for the translation, transfer and utilisation of evidence regarding the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and effectiveness of healthcare practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1744-1595
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1629
T1  - Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, Form-S For Education Majors. [References]
A1  - Gadzella,Bernadette M.
A1  - Stacks,James
A1  - Stephens,Rebecca C.
A1  - Masten,William G.
Y1  - 2005/12//
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-04126-003 LG - English IN - Gadzella, Bernadette M.: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, US Stacks, James: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, US Stephens, Rebecca C.: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, US Masten, William G.: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Education Students
KW  - *Teaching
KW  - *Test Reliability
KW  - *Test Validity
KW  - *Thinking
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Career
KW  - Commerce
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - education majors
KW  - Educational Measurement [2227]; Educational Administration & Personnel [3510].
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - form
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reliability
KW  - special education
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching career
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal-Form S
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 12
JF  - Journal of Instructional Psychology
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
N2  - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal-Form S was a reliable and valid instrument to measure critical thinking for students pursuing a teaching career. The participants were 137 students enrolled in Educational Psychology. The data showed that the alpha for the total WGCTA-FS was .76 and the split-half correlation was r=.44. The total WGCTA-FS score correlated significantly with course grades r=.32, p<.01. Since the range of the course grades was large, further analyses were done to determine the differences between high-grade and low-grade achievers on the WGCTA-FS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0094-1956
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1630
T1  - Instructor Influence on Reasoned Argument in Discussion Boards. [References]
A1  - Gerber,Sue
A1  - Scott,Logan
A1  - Clements,Douglas H.
A1  - Sarama,Julie
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-05644-002 LG - English IN - Gerber, Sue: Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, US Scott, Logan: Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo, School of Informatics, Buffalo, NY, US Clements, Douglas H.: Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, US Sarama, Julie: Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classrooms
KW  - *Educational Objectives
KW  - *Internet
KW  - *Interpersonal Influences
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - argument
KW  - critical discourse
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - discussion boards
KW  - Education
KW  - educational standards
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - instructional techniques
KW  - instructor influence
KW  - journal
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age (40-64 yrs)
KW  - online class
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - reasoned argument
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thirties (30-39 yrs)
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 25
EP  - 39
JF  - Educational Technology Research and Development
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
N2  - In this study, we explore the extent to which two instructional techniques promote critical discourse in an online class on educational standards and curriculum: instructor stance (challenging/nonchallenging) and topic level (higher order/lower order). Posts from 25 students, across four modules, were analyzed. These four modules constituted approximately one third of the course, and were selected because the professor was the sole facilitator for them. Results indicate that, regardless of topic level, a challenging stance by the professor had a positive effect on the percentage of student posts that referenced readings and theory. There was an interaction between level and stance on student use of reasoned argument. Lower order challenging forums were associated with a greater percentage of reasoned posts. This may be due to the abstractness of the professor's probes in higher order forums. Implications for future research include empirical investigations incorporating contextual variables and qualitative studies to ascertain how students engage with bulletin boards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1042-1629
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1631
T1  - In the press to scale up, what is at risk? [References]
A1  - Gill-Franzen,Anne
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-08625-006 LG - English MA - McGill-Franzen, Anne: amcgillf@utk.edu IN - McGill-Franzen, Anne: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Educational Program Evaluation
KW  - *Reading Comprehension
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - educational programs
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Funding
KW  - Human
KW  - instruction
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - reading comprehension instruction
KW  - reading program evaluations
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Risk
KW  - scale up
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher adaptations
KW  - teacher effects
KW  - Teacher Student Interaction
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 366
EP  - 370
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
N2  - Argues for the funding of close-up, focused study of teacher variations along dimensions that count, and for a more elaborated view of the context of reading comprehension instruction and assessment. Research funding that emphasizes scaling up over more situated studies may risk overlooking critical dimensions of teaching and learning. It is suggested that the demand for more rigorous fidelity of implementation may be misguided and may constrain teachers' instructional decision making and, concomitantly, children's opportunities to learn. More attention should be paid to the effects of teachers' pedagogical adaptations of curriculum, teachers' language interactions with students, and students' reading comprehension and the context of comprehension instruction. It is concluded that although relatively unfamiliar to literacy researchers, situated evaluations and formative experiments hold promise for disambiguating instructional contexts in the service of student learning, an outcome that may be lost in the march toward scale up. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1632
T1  - Education Is Politics: A Review of In Search of a Pedagogy of Conflict and Dialogue for Mathematics Education. [References]
A1  - Greer,G.Brian
A1  - Mukhopadhyay,Swapna
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-02902-005 LG - English IN - Greer, G. Brian: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, US Mukhopadhyay, Swapna: Portland State University, Portland, OR, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Classroom Environment
KW  - *Mathematics Education
KW  - *Student Teachers
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - challenge
KW  - classroom
KW  - classroom environment
KW  - conflict
KW  - context
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - equity
KW  - Gender
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - mathematics education
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Politics
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Race
KW  - Reading
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Student
KW  - student teachers
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 74
EP  - 79
JF  - Journal for Research in Mathematics Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
N2  - Reviews the book "In Search of a Pedagogy of Conflict and Dialogue for Mathematics Education," by Renuka Vithal (2003). This book presents an honest portrayal of an interrogation of the question: "What happens in a mathematics classroom when student teachers attempt to realise a social, cultural, political approach to a school mathematics curriculum, particularly one that integrates a critical perspective?" In the first section of the book, the author traces the emergence, with origins in the 1980s, of a social/cultural/political approach to mathematics education with roots in critical mathematics education; ethnomathematics; universal concerns with gender, race, class, and equity. A major strength of this book, is that it challenges the view that mathematics education can be isolated from the political context in which it is taking place. This book is recommended reading for those who believe that radical change is needed in the conceptualization of mathematics education, and even more highly recommended for those who do not. The book interrogates issues of what mathematics education is for-in particular, and what its ethical responsibilities are. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0021-8251
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1633
T1  - Commentary: Commentary from Blackwell Publishing about Open Access
A1  - Harington,Robert
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-12221-002 LG - English PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Communications Media
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Information Services
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - context
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Fear
KW  - Funding
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Note
KW  - open access journals
KW  - open access movement
KW  - Policy
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - public access
KW  - Publication
KW  - publicly funded research
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 97
EP  - 98
JF  - Perspectives in Psychiatric Care
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
N2  - Since the publication of Dr. Mary Paquette's editorial entitled "The Public-Access Movement" (see record 2005-06914-001), Blackwell Publishing has formalized its position on Open Access (OA) and would like to share some background and context on the issues surrounding OA with readers of Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. We note that OA is not free access. In fact, this common misunderstanding of the driving forces behind OA has led to some of the fear and misstatements defining the OA debate. Reflecting Dr. Paquette's advice to become aware of the critical issues facing publishers and authors, we should be flexible and experiment with a range of access models. We should lobby for a balanced embargo policy based upon an author's version of an accepted article, and we should work together with funding bodies and policy makers to the common goal of greater access. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0031-5990
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1634
T1  - Developing Students' Ability to Ask More and Better Questions Resulting from Inquiry-Type Chemistry Laboratories. [References]
A1  - Hofstein,Avi
A1  - Navon,Oshrit
A1  - Kipnis,Mira
A1  - Mamlok-Naaman,Rachel
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-11187-003 LG - English MA - Hofstein, Avi: avi.hofstein@weizmann.ac.il IN - Hofstein, Avi: Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Navon, Oshrit: Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Kipnis, Mira: Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel: Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Israel
KW  - *Academic Achievement
KW  - *Chemistry
KW  - *Cognitive Ability
KW  - *Questioning
KW  - *Science Education
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Article
KW  - chemistry students
KW  - control
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - grouping
KW  - High School
KW  - High School Students
KW  - Human
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Learning
KW  - Observation
KW  - Population
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questioning
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 791
EP  - 806
JF  - Journal of Research in Science Teaching
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
N2  - This study focuses on the ability of high-school chemistry students, who learn chemistry through the inquiry approach, to ask meaningful and scientifically sound questions. We investigated (a) the ability of students to ask questions related to their observations and findings in an inquiry-type experiment (a practical test) and (b) the ability of students to ask questions after critically reading a scientific article. The student population consisted of two groups: an inquiry-laboratory group (experimental group) and a traditional laboratory-type group (control group). The three common features investigated were (a) the number of questions that were asked by each of the students, (b) the cognitive level of the questions, and (c) the nature of the questions that were chosen by the students, for the purpose of further investigation. Importantly, it was found that students in the inquiry group who had experience in asking questions in the chemistry laboratory outperformed the control grouping in their ability to ask more and better questions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0022-4308
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1635
T1  - The place of research in the training of psychiatrists. [References]
A1  - Lawrie,Stephen M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-06569-014 LG - English IN - Lawrie, Stephen M.: Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Mental Health Services
KW  - *Postgraduate Training
KW  - *Psychiatric Training
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Management
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - psychiatric services
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Skill
KW  - specialist training
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 232
JF  - Psychiatric Bulletin.Vol.30(1)()(pp 31-34), 2006.
J1  - Psychiatric Bulletin
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
N2  - Comments on an article by Christopher A. Vassilas and Nicholas Brown (see record 2005-01493-004). The auhors rightly state that very few consultants will be active researchers but that all require audit and critical evaluation skills. They go on to question whether one-fifth of higher training should be spent in research days of dubious benefit, and suggest that trainees might more profitably spend time in teaching and management. These are obviously important aspects of training, but I would suggest that they have less relevance to audit and appraisal than research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0955-6036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1636
T1  - Editorial
A1  - Oliver,Martin
Y1  - 2005/02//
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-06933-001 LG - English IN - Oliver, Martin: Institute of Education, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Curriculum
KW  - *Educational Psychology
KW  - *Scientific Communication
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Article
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - educational policy
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - form
KW  - Human
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - pedagogic concerns
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Policy
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
JF  - ALT-J Research in Learning Technology
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
N2  - Regular readers of the journal will know that, each year, we have one themed issue. While it's always useful to gain such a sustained, considered insight into a given topic, it forms quite a contrast to editing a 'general', regular issue of the journal. Unlike conferences or special issues, we do not solicit research on any particular theme; thus the submissions we receive act as a kind of weather vane for current research topics. Interestingly, this issue seems to be spread across a broad spectrum of pedagogic concerns, but is unusually focused (for this journal) on the practices of teaching. Digital portfolios have been linked to a number of pedagogies and policies that are growing in importance, so it was good to receive a piece that provides a critical and analytical review of experience with these. Although this is not a special issue, this array of articles spans the lifecycle of many courses. How should we design it? What pedagogies shall we adopt (particularly if we are concerned with reflection and relevance)? How can we be sure students will make good use of the resources available to them? And how can we then assess them? Serendipity is a marvellous thing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0968-7769
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1637
T1  - Best Practices Inquiry: A Multidimensional, Value-Critical Framework. [References]
A1  - Petr,Christopher G.
A1  - Walter,Uta M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-07480-004 LG - English MA - Petr, Christopher G.: chrisp@ku.edu IN - Petr, Christopher G.: School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, US Walter, Uta M.: School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Professional Standards
KW  - *Social Casework
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - best practices
KW  - best practices approach
KW  - Consumer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Human
KW  - inquiry
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Ethics & Standards & Liability [3450].
KW  - professional practitioners
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - School
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - Social Workers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - values
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 267
JF  - Journal of Social Work Education
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
N2  - This article offers a multidimensional framework that broadens current approaches to "best practices" inquiry to include (1) the perspectives of both the consumers of services and professional practitioners and (2) a value-based critique. The predominant empirical approach to best practices inquiry is a necessary, but not sufficient, component of seeking state-of-the-art knowledge. A best practices inquiry is improved when it is broadened to include experiences and preferences of consumers, the wisdom of professionals in a given field, and a critical appraisal of the values inherent in best practices interventions themselves. Implications for social work education are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1043-7797
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1638
T1  - Dissemination of Nursing Knowledge: The Application of the Model of Change. [References]
A1  - Rassool,G.Hussein
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-04779-011 LG - English IN - Rassool, G. Hussein: Department of Psychiatric Nursing & Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil SI - Special Issue: Issue-Contributions of the Transtheoretical Model: 1984-2004 PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Information Dissemination
KW  - *Knowledge Level
KW  - *Nurses
KW  - *Professional Development
KW  - academia
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - knowledge dissemination
KW  - Model
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psychiatric Nursing
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Care
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 82
JF  - Journal of Addictions Nursing.2005; 16(1-2): 79-82.(24 ref)
J1  - Journal of Addictions Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 1-2
N2  - Despite the dramatic growth of nursing research and the development of nursing theory over the last 25 years, concern remains that nurses frequently fail to base their practice on the findings and recommendations of research. It is through research conducted by nurses that new knowledge can be obtained in order to implement good quality care in clinical practice. However, even when new knowledge is gained, its dissemination remains low. Several barriers to the dissemination of nursing knowledge in clinical practice have been identified. These include: lack of awareness of nursing research, lack of knowledge of the research process and the inability to understand research reports. These factors may contribute to negative attitudes among nurses regarding the use of nursing research in their clinical practice. However, research must filter down from academia to practicing nurses at all levels but it cannot make practicing nurses use research. One of the main priorities in the dissemination of nursing knowledge in clinical practice is to make research findings more "user friendly." The use of a clinical nurse specialist or research nurse (that is a nurse with a defined role within research), combined with an action research approach, could increase the utilization of research findings in clinical nursing. The use of Journal club, research seminars, research workshops and nursing conferences are some of the enabling process in order to increase the dissemination of knowledge. The use of the model of change would enable us to understand whether nurses have the readiness to change and implement new nursing knowledge in to practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1088-4602
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1639
T1  - Commentary: Evidence-based practice: A personal journey from scepticism to pragmatism. [References]
A1  - Rolfe,Gary
A1  - Cutcliffe,John
A1  - Ellis,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-14599-014 LG - English IN - Rolfe, Gary: University of Wales Swansea, School of Health Science, Swansea, United Kingdom Cutcliffe, John: University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada Ellis, C.: Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Mental Health Personnel
KW  - *Mental Health Services
KW  - *Nurses
KW  - *Pragmatism
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Expectation
KW  - Experience
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hope
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - mental health workers
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - pragmatism
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Role
KW  - scepticism
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Trust
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
KW  - Wales
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 739
EP  - 744
JF  - Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
N2  - This article describes my personal journey from a position of scepticism about evidence-based practice, to a position of pragmatism about its use. As a Consultant Nurse, a major expectation of my role is ensuring that the services I provide are evidence-based. While D. Sackett et al.'s article (1996) is regarded as seminal within this domain, Sackett's subsequent article with Straus for example, has been criticized as demonstrating that the authors had lost touch with the reality of practice. Mental health workers who work directly with people who use our services often describe difficulty in finding helpful published evidence for their practice. Bracken & Thomas (2001) argue that evidence-based practice has the weakness of playing down values and assumptions; yet mental health work is primarily concerned with negotiating these very issues. I suggest that practitioners look at any articles that are published, including literature that only professes to be the views of the author, and use their own experience and critical appraisal skills to evaluate what has been written. I have described some of my journey towards making evidence-based practice useful for myself and the people who use the services that I am involved in. I hope that readers of this article will remain pragmatic and do all we can to use evidence-based practice to improve outcomes for the people we serve. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1351-0126
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1640
T1  - ICT and special educational needs: A tool for inclusion. [References]
A1  - Roulstone,Alan
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-02427-009 LG - English MA - Roulstone, Alan: alan.roulston@sunderland.ac.uk IN - Roulstone, Alan: School of Health, Natural and Social Sciences, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Learning Disabilities
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Special Needs
KW  - *Technology
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Book
KW  - children
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication technologies
KW  - Disabled
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Insight
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning difficulties
KW  - Life
KW  - Needs
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - progress
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Software
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - Special Education Students
KW  - special educational needs
KW  - Technology
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 219
EP  - 220
JF  - Disability & Society
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Reviews the book "ICT and special educational needs: a tool for inclusion," by Lani Florian and John Hegarty (2004). This book aims to provide insights to educational practitioners who work with disabled children in both mainstream and segregated settings. The book aims to provide historical background on the development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for disabled children in school settings, to present critically the main policy initiatives in this field and to provide examples of best practice in ICT use with disabled children. Largely the book succeeds in its aims. Although aimed at practitioners, the book is explicitly critical of a 'technical fix' approach to ICTs and linear appraisals of ICTS as offering gradually increased access to school and life. The perennial dilemmas that ICT developments present are discussed alongside their obvious benefits. In addition to the above issues, chapters include the value and use of virtual reality software to help aid orientation skills for pupils with learning difficulties, and chapters on the links that might be made between Individual Educational Plans and ICTs, a 'whole school' approach to ICT development, and a chapter that looks at the value of assessment software in appraising disabled children's educational progress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0968-7599
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1641
T1  - Resources for Assisting Nurses to Use Evidence as a Basis for Home Care Nursing Practice. [References]
A1  - Rutledge,Dana N.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2005-04881-002 LG - English IN - Rutledge, Dana N.: California State University, Fullerton, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Home Care
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - *Nurses
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assistance resource
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - California
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - expertise
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Home
KW  - home care nursing
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 273
EP  - 280
JF  - Home Health Care Management & Practice
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
N2  - Resources are needed throughout the process of implementing evidence-based practice from the initial search for evidence through the evaluation of outcomes. Administrative support is a critical resource for any change to occur and be maintained. This article describes the resources that are available and that may be useful at different phases of the evidence-based practice process. For example, to find prepared literature syntheses and guidelines, nurses need either a medical librarian or expertise in using computerized bibliographic databases. Tools are described for use in (a) critical appraisal of literature and guidelines and (b) evaluation of the context in which a practice change is being considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1084-8223
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1642
T1  - Editorial: The Politics of Evidence-Based Practice. [References]
A1  - Rycroft-Malone,Jo
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-07012-001 LG - English IN - Rycroft-Malone, Jo: Royal College of Nursing Institute, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - United Kingdom
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Health Care Services
KW  - *Health Personnel
KW  - *Nursing
KW  - challenge
KW  - College
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Health Care Services
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - meaning
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Paper
KW  - Policy
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 169
EP  - 171
JF  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2004 1st Quarter; 1(1): 60-8.(75 ref)
J1  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based practice has become a policy imperative, but it is also one that health care professionals seem to have broadly, although not exclusively, embraced. However, the evolution of the evidence-based movements has not been without its challenges and debates. The debate about nursing's adoption of evidence based practice is for another paper, certainly, the way in which evidence-based practice has been adopted by nurses highlights the problematic nature of the meaning of "evidence." In considering the implementation of evidence into practice, politically, there has been a focus on developing the skills and knowledge of individual practitioners to appraise research and make rational decisions. Over the last decade, evidence-based practice has evolved as the dominant theme of practice, policy, management, and education within health services across the developed world. For nursing, whilst there are some critical and dissenting voices, it appears to be a fully signed-up member of the evidence-based movements. The real importance of the evidence-based movements is that they symbolize a cultural shift in professional practice and development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1545-102X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1643
T1  - Editorial: Getting Evidence into Practice: A "Contact Sport." [References]
A1  - Rycroft-Malone,Jo
A1  - Bucknall,Tracey
A1  - Melnyk,Bernadette Mazurek
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-10877-001 LG - English MA - Rycroft-Malone, Jo: Joanne.rycroftmalone@rcn.org.uk; Bucknall, Tracey: t.bucknall@nursing.unimelb.edu.au; Melnyk, Bernadette Mazurek: Bernadette.Melnyk@asu.edu PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Health Care Delivery
KW  - *Health Care Policy
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - challenge
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - Culture
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Services [3370].
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
JF  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2004 1st Quarter; 1(1): 60-8.(75 ref)
J1  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
N2  - The evidence base for practice has grown massively with approximately 10,000 new randomised controlled trials included in MEDLINE every year and 350,000 trials identified by the Cochrane Collaboration. There is an increasing awareness evident in the evidence-based practice literature that there are a number of factors that might make a context more conducive to change. Factors such as culture, the nature of leadership, organisational "fit" and resource issues may be influential. This issue includes evidence reviews with best practice applications and recommendations for clinical practice, research, administration, education, and public health care policy. Articles and features that challenge and develop the knowledge base about evidence-based practice. Commentaries about evidence-based practice issues and developments. Summaries of key studies published in the literature with editorial commentaries that include implications for practice. A forum that encourages readers to engage in an ongoing dialogue on critical issues and questions. Reviews of publications and resources on evidence-based practice. News about professional organisations, conferences, and other activities around the world related to evidence-based practice. Links to other global evidence-based nursing resources and organisations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1545-102X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1644
T1  - Analysing tests of reading and listening in relation to the common European framework of reference: The experience of the Dutch CEFR construct project. [References]
A1  - Alderson,J.Charles
A1  - Figueras,Neus
A1  - Kuijper,Henk
A1  - Nold,Guenter
A1  - Takala,Sauli
A1  - Tardieu,Claire
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-03827-002 LG - English MA - Alderson, J. Charles: c.alderson@lancaster.ac.uk IN - Alderson, J. Charles: Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom Figueras, Neus: Departament d'Educacio, Catalonia, Spain Kuijper, Henk: CITO, Netherlands Nold, Guenter: Deutsches Institut fur Internationale Padagogische Forschung, University of Dortmund, Germany Takala, Sauli: University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland Tardieu, Claire: IUFM, Ministry of National Education, Paris, France PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - Netherlands
KW  - *Auditory Perception
KW  - *Language
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Test Construction
KW  - Analysis
KW  - analyzing tests
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Classification
KW  - content
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Experience
KW  - Finland
KW  - frameworks
KW  - France
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Language
KW  - language education
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - listening test
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading test
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scales
KW  - Spain
KW  - test construction
KW  - Tests & Testing [2220]; Linguistics & Language & Speech [2720].
KW  - Training
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - web mounted instrument
KW  - writers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 30
JF  - Language Assessment Quarterly
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) is intended as a reference document for language education including assessment. This article describes a project that investigated whether the CEFR can help test developers construct reading and listening tests based on CEFR levels. If the CEFR scales together with the detailed description of language use contained in the CEFR are not sufficient to guide test development at these various levels, then what is needed to develop such an instrument? The project methodology involved gathering expert judgments on the usability of the CEFR for test construction, identifying what might be missing from the CEFR, developing a frame for analysis of tests and specifications, and examining a range of existing test specifications and guidelines to item writers and sample test tasks for different languages at the 6 levels of the CEFR. Outcomes included a critical review of the CEFR, a set of compilations of CEFR scales and of test specifications at the different CEFR levels, and a series of frameworks or classification systems, which led to a Web-mounted instrument known as the Dutch CEFR Grid. Interanalyst agreement in using the Grid for analyzing test tasks was quite promising, but the Grids need to be improved by training and discussion before decisions on test task levels are made. The article concludes, however, that identifying separate CEFR levels is at least as much an empirical matter as it is a question of test content, either determined by test specifications or identified by any content classification system or grid. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1543-4303
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1645
T1  - Editorial: What's So Critical About Evidence-Based Nursing Practice? [References]
A1  - Algase,Donna L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-07481-001 LG - English IN - Algase, Donna L.: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Nursing
KW  - Book
KW  - connect
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based nursing practice
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - practice
KW  - practice environment
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Teams
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 99
EP  - 100
JF  - Research and Theory for Nursing Practice: An International Journal
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - That the columns and book review in this issue of Research and Theory for Nursing Practice (Vol 20[2]) all connect to evidence-based nursing practice should not be surprising to our readers. From the outline of its historical roots in Levin and Feldman's new column on evidence-based practice, to the call for evidence of the efficacy of interdisciplinary teams in Redman's column on practice environments, and further still to the importance of evidence in supporting theory-guided practice pointed up in the book review by Arslanian-Engoren, regular contributors to RNTP deliberately underscore evidence-based practice as a necessity for nursing. Indeed, evidence-based practice is a critical and continuing mantra in the new millennium. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0889-7182
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1646
T1  - Paths to Reading Comprehension in At-Risk Second-Grade Readers. [References]
A1  - Berninger,Virginia W.
A1  - Abbott,Robert D.
A1  - Vermeulen,Karin
A1  - Fulton,Cynthia M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-09211-007 LG - English MA - Berninger, Virginia W.: vwb@u.washington.edu IN - Berninger, Virginia W.: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US Abbott, Robert D.: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US Vermeulen, Karin: Fairfax County Public Schools, VA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *At Risk Populations
KW  - *Elementary Education
KW  - *Reading Comprehension
KW  - *Reading Disabilities
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - at-risk populations
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - Coding
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - control
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Elementary School Students
KW  - English
KW  - Factor Analysis
KW  - Female
KW  - fluency
KW  - Human
KW  - Individual Differences
KW  - instruction
KW  - instructional approaches
KW  - instructional implications
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Letter
KW  - Male
KW  - Population
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading comprehension
KW  - Reading Disabilities
KW  - reading disability
KW  - reading fluency
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Risk
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - schools
KW  - second grade
KW  - second grade readers
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570]; Learning Disorders [3253].
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - Washington
KW  - Written Language
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 334
EP  - 351
JF  - Journal of Learning Disabilities
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
N2  - Two studies of second graders at risk for reading disability, which were guided by levels of language and functional reading system theory, focused on reading comprehension in this population. In Study 1 (n=96), confirmatory factor analysis of five comprehension measures loaded on one factor in both fall and spring of second grade. Phonological decoding predicted accuracy of real-word reading; automatic letter naming predicted rate of real-word reading; accuracy and rate of both real-word reading (more so than decoding of pseudowords) and text reading predicted reading comprehension; and Verbal IQ also predicted reading comprehension. In Study 2 (n=98), the treatment group (before/after school clubs receiving an integrated instructional approach that was supplementary to the general reading program) improved significantly more in phonological decoding and state standards for reading fluency than the control group (general reading program that had some code instruction but emphasized comprehension). The rate of phonological decoding explained 60.3% of real-word reading. Both treatment and control children improved significantly in reading comprehension, but controlling for pretreatment individual differences in oral vocabulary or in phonological decoding eliminated this effect. Taken together, the results of the two studies support two paths to reading comprehension: one from vocabulary and verbal reasoning, and one from written language that has multiple links between subskills: (a) alphabetic principle rightwards-arrow phonological decoding, (b) automatic phonological decoding rightwards-arrow accurate real-word reading, (c) automatic letter coding rightwards-arrow automatic word reading, and (d) automatic word reading rightwards-arrow fluent text reading. Instructional implications of both paths and the links within the written language are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0022-2194
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1647
T1  - Review of An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education. [References]
A1  - Bialostok,Steve
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-21204-021 LG - English MA - Bialostok, Steve: smb@uwyo.edu IN - Bialostok, Steve: Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Discourse Analysis
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Language Development
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - critical discourse
KW  - critical discourse analysis
KW  - definition
KW  - Discourse Analysis
KW  - Education
KW  - educational settings
KW  - educator
KW  - educator accessibility
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Human
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - identity formation
KW  - journal
KW  - language education
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - Linguistics & Language & Speech [2720].
KW  - power
KW  - problems
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Review
KW  - social relations
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teachers
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 788
EP  - 792
JF  - Language in Society
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
N2  - Reviews the book, An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education by Rebecca Rogers (Ed.) (see record 2004-00285-000). This volume attempts to apply Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to various formal and informal educational settings, and to situate CDA within a theory of learning. Most chapters begin with definitions of "central concepts," and the author has sprinkled discussion prompts throughout. The author wants to make the linguistics of CDA accessible to educators--especially graduate students--an important goal given that education is a major arena for the reproduction of power, social relations, and identity formation. Thus, it is good to see that nearly all of the authors in the volume, from diverse academic backgrounds, are educators. Unfortunately, I judge the book to fall short of achieving its goals. Unfortunately, the author's discussion fails to contribute any understanding beyond what graduate students might get from simply reading these originals. This book was a good idea, and I looked forward to reading it. Unfortunately, the many problems with the volume keep it from being the introduction that will place CDA at the center of our thinking about education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0047-4045
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1648
T1  - Review of Evidence-based Mental Health Care. [References]
A1  - Boyce,Philip
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-02392-017 LG - English PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Mental Health Services
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Human
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - Population
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Scales
KW  - Skill
KW  - Standard
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Vignettes
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 196
JF  - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
N2  - Reviews the book, Evidence-based mental health care by Simon Hatcher, Rob Butler, and Mark Oakley-Browne (Eds.) (2005). The authors follow a standard approach in reviewing the skills required for evidence-based medicine (EBM), particularly explaining in detail how to formulate clinical questions, using the PICO method (Population of interest, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome). They carefully go through this with regard to the common types of clinical questions to do with diagnosis, aetiology, therapy, prognosis and so on. This is followed by an excellent chapter on searching the literature. They avoid this becoming a sterile discussion by providing exercises for the reader to do using the practical clinical vignettes. Having created a platform for EBM the authors then methodically go through how to critically appraise the research literature on treatment, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, guidelines, prognosis, rating scales and qualitative research. Each of these chapters is supported by practical examples of how to search for, and apply the evidence, along with explanations of the tools that are used to quantify the evidence. Boyce recommends this book to all trainees to assist them with critical appraisal and clinical supervisors and all psychiatrists wanting to know about EBM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0004-8674
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1649
T1  - Primary-Grade Teachers' Use of Within-Class Ability Grouping in Reading. [References]
A1  - Chorzempa,Barbara Fink
A1  - Graham,Steve
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-09687-004 LG - English MA - Chorzempa, Barbara Fink: chorzemb@newpaltz.edu IN - Chorzempa, Barbara Fink: Department of Elementary Education, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, US Graham, Steve: Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Ability Grouping
KW  - *Primary School Students
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Reading Skills
KW  - *Teachers
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - grouping
KW  - Human
KW  - instructional practices
KW  - journal
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - primary education teachers
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - special education
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - vocabulary
KW  - within class ability grouping
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 529
EP  - 541
JF  - Journal of Educational Psychology
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
N2  - A random sample of primary-grade teachers from across the United States was surveyed about within-class ability grouping in reading. Sixty-three percent of participants reported using within-class ability groups. Groups are smaller and more flexible than those formed in the past, with teachers emphasizing teaching comprehension, reading vocabulary, and other basic reading skills to each of their groups. Most teachers reported that they used within-class ability grouping because it helps them meet their students' instructional needs, although there were some reasons for concern. For instance, students in lower ability groups spend more time involved in noninstructional activities, are less likely to be asked critical comprehension questions, and are given fewer opportunities to select their own reading material. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0022-0663
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1650
T1  - Doing your early years research project: A step-by-step guide
A1  - Clarke,Lucy
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-02675-007 LG - English IN - Clarke, Lucy: Institute of Education, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Early Childhood Development
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Learning
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Childhood
KW  - childhood education
KW  - children
KW  - data
KW  - early childhood
KW  - early childhood care
KW  - early childhood education
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experimental Ethics
KW  - Human
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - legislation
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Research Methods & Experimental Design [2260]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - Research Question
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - stories
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Writing
KW  - young children
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 87
EP  - 89
JF  - International Journal of Early Years Education
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - Reviews the book, Doing your early years research project: A step-by-step guide by G. Roberts-Holmes (2005). This text is one of the few books to address the specific research needs of the increasing number of students of early childhood education and care. The book is divided into 10 chapters. Each chapter contains learning objectives; activities for the student; a summary of the issues covered and a limited selection of further reading for that particular topic. The first chapter includes ensuring an inclusive approach, the principles of high-quality research such as adopting a critical research stance, ethics, children's participatory rights and developing reflexivity, the student's and supervisors' responsibilities, and an example of how to structure a research report. Chapter 2, 'Your research story, methodology and research questions', introduces five case studies, used throughout the text, to illustrate different methodologies and to reflect the researchers' personal stories. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the differences between the positivist and interpretive research traditions. Chapter 4, 'Ethical issues in early childhood' provides the reader with an excellent summary of current legislation in the UK, including the Children's Bill 2004 and the importance of ensuring the participatory rights of children, building on issues briefly mentioned in chapter 2. Next, chapter 5 explains how to go about undertaking a literature review. In the following four chapters the author deals with different methods: observation-looking and listening; interviewing children and adults; creative listening to young children, which builds on issues introduced in chapter 4; and writing and using questionnaires. The final chapter, 'The analysis of your data and writing your conclusion', explains how to integrate the researchers' findings into themes, categories and headings and how to integrate their data with the literature in the concluding chapter of their research report. The reviewer endorses this text wholeheartedly and would highly recommend it for those on early childhood courses and for students and early years professionals who may be planning a research project. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0966-9760
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1651
T1  - Review of Philosophical Foundations of Adult Education
A1  - Conceicao,Simone
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-04594-004 LG - English IN - Conceicao, Simone: University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Adult Education
KW  - *Philosophies
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - Book
KW  - Concepts
KW  - context
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - liberal
KW  - philosophical foundations
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 223
EP  - 224
JF  - Adult Education Quarterly
VL  - 56
IS  - 3
N2  - Reviews the book, Philosophical Foundations of Adult Education by John L. Elias and Sharan B. Merriam (3rd Ed.). (2005). This book addresses seven theoretical approaches to adult education: liberal, progressive, behaviorist, humanist, radical/critical, analytic, and postmodern. The book's functional format allows the reader to easily locate topics and concepts. One of the book's strengths is the application of the philosophical approaches to practical examples in the field. Each chapter should include references and resources rather than at the end of the book, which makes it more efficient to locate the citations. The book's focus is on adult education in the United States. A few influential non-U.S. adult educators are discussed in the book because their philosophical perspectives have made an impact on the way Americans think and practice adult education today, but the focus is how their philosophical approaches helped us shape adult education in the American context. At the end of the book, they encourage the reader to critically reflect on a philosophical adult education position by "constantly examining, evaluating, and perhaps rejecting or modifying what has been received from the past." This book is a must read for any newcomers to the field and for professionals who care about education and society from a historical and philosophical standpoint. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0741-7136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1652
T1  - Review of Uses and misuses of data for educational accountability and improvement. 104th yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education
A1  - Daugherty,Richard
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2007-01390-008 LG - English MA - Daugherty, Richard: rdd@aber.ac.uk IN - Daugherty, Richard: Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Accountability
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Educational Reform
KW  - *Public School Education
KW  - Book
KW  - Child
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - educational accountability
KW  - educational improvement
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Goals
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Logic
KW  - Policy
KW  - progress
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - public school education
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Standard
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 355
EP  - 358
JF  - Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - Reviews the book Uses and misuses of data for educational accountability and improvement. 104th yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education edited by Joan L. Herman and Edward H. Haertel (2005). The volume as a whole is inevitably dominated by consideration of the 'No Child Left Behind' (NCLB) policies of the Bush administration that are, for good or ill, shaping the priorities in US public schools. In their introduction the volume's editors set the scene by succinctly identifying both the 'logic' of current accountability policy in the US--states establish standards, set goals, measure progress and enforce expectations with sanctions and the problematic nature of each of the four elements in that logic. Two chapters in the 'Foundations' section of the book give the reader a sense, but no more than that, of two other important angles on accountability testing. If there is a weakness in the book as a whole it is in the limited extent to which the central concept, 'accountability', is critically examined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0969-594X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1653
T1  - Elementary Girls' Science Reading at Home and School. [References]
A1  - Ford,Danielle J.
A1  - Brickhouse,Nancy W.
A1  - Lottero-Perdue,Pamela
A1  - Kittleson,Julie
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-03347-003 LG - English MA - Ford, Danielle J.: djford@udel.edu IN - Ford, Danielle J.: School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US Brickhouse, Nancy W.: School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US Lottero-Perdue, Pamela: School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US Kittleson, Julie: School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Home Environment
KW  - *Reading
KW  - *Schools
KW  - *Science Education
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Childhood (birth-12 yrs)
KW  - children
KW  - choice
KW  - classroom
KW  - Classroom Dynamics & Student Adjustment & Attitudes [3560].
KW  - classrooms
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Delaware
KW  - Education
KW  - Elementary School Students
KW  - elementary students
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Gender
KW  - girls
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Females
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - instruction
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - School
KW  - School Age (6-12 yrs)
KW  - Science
KW  - science reading
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 288
JF  - Science Education
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
N2  - Although reading is a critical part of science and science learning, it is no longer a part of many children's elementary science instruction. This is of concern because girls often develop strong identities as readers, but do not develop scientific identities with ease. In this study, we investigate girls' science reading to know (1) if science books were available to girls in homes and classrooms, (2) if girls were choosing to read them, and (3) what influences their choices. Forty-five third-grade girls, 29 of their families, and three of their teachers were interviewed to ascertain girls' preferences among various book genres, as well as to learn the ways in which families and teachers influence the choices girls make. We found that girls had access to science books at school, and teachers had strategies to encourage reading them. At home, parents encouraged reading, but were generally less directive than teachers as to what the girls read, and underestimated their daughters' science-related interests. The families studied rely largely on major bookstores as their primary source of books. Our findings suggest we need to understand better the way gender influences girls' engagement with science in a variety of contexts, particularly those in which girls exercise choice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0036-8326
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1654
T1  - Introduction to Response to Intervention: What, why, and how valid is it? [References]
A1  - Fuchs,Douglas
A1  - Fuchs,Lynn S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-01546-005 LG - English MA - Fuchs, Douglas: doug.fuchs@vanderbilt.edu; Fuchs, Lynn S.: lynn.fuchs@vanderbilt.edu IN - Fuchs, Douglas: Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, US Fuchs, Lynn S.: Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Early Intervention
KW  - *Monitoring
KW  - *Reading Education
KW  - *Special Education
KW  - *Special Needs
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - At Risk Populations
KW  - at risk students
KW  - challenge
KW  - children
KW  - College
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Early Intervention
KW  - English
KW  - form
KW  - grades
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - progress
KW  - progress monitoring
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - Response to Intervention
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Special & Remedial Education [3570].
KW  - special needs
KW  - special needs children
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - 99
JF  - Reading Research Quarterly
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
N2  - In this article, we explain important features of Response to Intervention (RTI). Much of RTI assessment is progress monitoring. It is a form of dynamic assessment because its metric is change in students' level or rate of learning. Such information assists practitioners' efforts both to design early intervention and to identify special-needs children. Although many RTI proponents are critical of the traditional psychometric approach, they still must prove the validity of their methods; in this case, intervention-as-test. A principal means of demonstrating the validity of intervention-as-test is by using evidence-based interventions and by ensuring that, in each instance, they are implemented with fidelity. In this regard, the standard treatment protocol may have a leg up on problem solving. The unanswered questions and issues challenge those who would use an RTI framework to define disabilities. Nevertheless, we believe the framework has strong potential. Right now, we most clearly see its promise in regards to how its multilayered structure can be implemented in the early grades to strengthen the intensity and effectiveness of reading instruction for at-risk students, preventing chronic school failure that corrodes children's spirit and diminishes all of us who work on behalf of the public schools. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0034-0553
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1655
T1  - Reliability and Validity of the Watson-Glasere Critical Thinking Appraisal-Forms for Different Academic Groups. [References]
A1  - Gadzella,Bernadette M.
A1  - Hogan,Lois
A1  - Masten,William
A1  - Stacks,James
A1  - Stephens,Rebecca
A1  - Zascavage,Victoria
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-09097-009 LG - English IN - Gadzella, Bernadette M.: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A & M University - Commerce, Commerce, TX, US Hogan, Lois: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A & M University - Commerce, Commerce, TX, US Masten, William: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A & M University - Commerce, Commerce, TX, US Stacks, James: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A & M University - Commerce, Commerce, TX, US Stephens, Rebecca: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A & M University - Commerce, Commerce, TX, US Zascavage, Victoria: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A & M University - Commerce, Commerce, TX, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US CF - Annual Southwestern Psychological Association Convention, 2005, Memphis, TN, US CN - This study was presented at the aforementioned conference
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Psychometrics
KW  - *Test Reliability
KW  - *Test Validity
KW  - academic groups
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Commerce
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Measurement [2227]; Educational Psychology [3500].
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - English
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Human
KW  - Instrument
KW  - journal
KW  - psychology
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Responses
KW  - special education
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - test reliability
KW  - test validity
KW  - Texas
KW  - Thinking
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Watson-Glasere Critical Thinking Appraisal-Forms
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 141
EP  - 143
JF  - Journal of Instructional Psychology
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal-Form S for subjects in academic fields. The participants were 586 university students. The responses to the WGCTA-FS were analyzed for the total group and the subgroups within the total group: psychology majors, students enrolled in educational psychology and in special education, undergraduates, and graduate students. Data showed that the WGCTA-FS was a reliable and valid instrument measuring critical thinking for these groups of subjects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0094-1956
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1656
T1  - Review of Adult Literacy as Social Practice: More than skills. [References]
A1  - Gillen,Julia
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-20662-011 LG - English IN - Gillen, Julia: Open University, Milton Keynes, England PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Adult Education
KW  - *Literacy
KW  - *Social Processes
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult literacy
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literacy
KW  - numeracy
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - social practice
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 182
EP  - 183
JF  - Literacy
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
N2  - Reviews the book, Adult Literacy as Social Practice: More than skills by Uta Papen (2005). The book has an ingenious, hybrid design. Three quite different functions are interwoven. Firstly, as already mentioned, it introduces the reader to New Literacy Studies (NLS). Secondly, the author aims "to introduce readers to a critical approach to the study of adult literacy, numeracy and ESOL practices in Britain" with especial regard to policy changes since 2001. Thirdly, the book is pedagogic, with features such as discussion questions, additional reading suggestions, ideas for projects, useful website addresses and so on, clearly enabling it to be the central text for a course module. A collection of readings from NLS is a good idea. The author makes some good use of her knowledge of recent Westminster policies in LLN and makes some pertinent analyses. However, ultimately this is a book which needed much more editing, from the macro level of the selection of its themes, to the final infuriating detail of the curious arrangement of references at the end. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1741-4350
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1657
T1  - Teaching EBP: The Critical Step of Critically Appraising the Literature. [References]
A1  - Johnston,Linda
A1  - Fineout-Overholt,Ellen
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-07014-007 LG - English MA - Johnston, Linda: ljohnston@nursing.unimelb.edu.au IN - Johnston, Linda: University of Melbourne, School of Nursing, Carlton, VIC, Australia Fineout-Overholt, Ellen: Center for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - *Undergraduate Education
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - classroom
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Program
KW  - education programs
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Nursing
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Management
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - undergraduate medical curricula
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Validity
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 44
EP  - 46
JF  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2004 1st Quarter; 1(1): 60-8.(75 ref)
J1  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - Critical appraisal is the process by which the practitioner evaluates research evidence in terms of validity, results and applicability to practice. The term "critical appraisal" has been identified as closely linked to other concepts. The teaching of critical appraisal skills (CAS) has undergone substantial change in the last 15 years with its integration in undergraduate medical, nursing and allied health curricula, and in continuing education programs for health care professionals, particularly in relation to evidence-based health care (EBHC). The pedagogical approach to such training has traditionally been short, classroom based workshops. Although there has been an increased focus on EBHC by accrediting bodies in health education and as a risk management strategy by clinical agencies, the assessment of EBHC skills has been conducted in an ad hoc manner with questionnaires focused on knowledge of research design, learner satisfaction or self-reported changes in information-seeking behavior. Perhaps consideration should be given to focusing CAS training in undergraduate programs, complemented by the appropriate teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics, and in the clinical arena provide librarian-facilitated access to distilled information sources with a view to enhancing clinicians' application of research evidence to practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1545-102X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1658
T1  - Health program planning and evaluation: A practical, systematic approach for community health
A1  - Kelly,Patricia J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-00599-012 LG - English IN - Kelly, Patricia J.: Schools of Nursing/Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Community Services
KW  - *Graduate Education
KW  - *Program Development
KW  - *Program Evaluation
KW  - *Public Health
KW  - Analysis
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - City
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community & Social Services [3373].
KW  - community health
KW  - content
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - graduate education
KW  - graduate students
KW  - health
KW  - Health Program
KW  - health program planning
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Kansas
KW  - Learning
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Program Implementation
KW  - program planning
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72
EP  - 73
JF  - Family & Community Health
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
N2  - Reviews the book Health Program Planning and Evaluation: A Practical, Systematic Approach for Community Health by L. Michele Issel (2004). Intended for graduate students and administrators learning program planning and evaluation on the job, Health Program Planning and Evaluation provides an organized, practical approach to the field for both planners and clinicians. The author begins with an initial overview of critical issues in health program development and evaluation today, and proceeds through the logistics of assessment, theory selection, goal setting, and program implementation, and ends with several detailed chapters on evaluation strategies, analysis, reporting, and use. The book's material is presented in an easily readable style and the content is accurate, uptodate, and appropriate for both graduate introductory and advanced application courses. The book fills a gap in practice resources by bringing together the many necessary components for program planning and evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 0160-6379
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1659
T1  - Methodological reflexivity: Towards evolving methodological frameworks through critical and reflexive deliberations. [References]
A1  - Raven,Glenda
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-20951-026 LG - English MA - Raven, Glenda: ercs@absamail.co.za IN - Raven, Glenda: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa SI - Special Issue: Researching education and the environment: retrospect and prospect PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Education
KW  - *Environmental Education
KW  - *Experimentation
KW  - *Methodology
KW  - Africa
KW  - Author
KW  - context
KW  - critical and reflexive deliberations
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - Educational Psychology [3500]; Environmental Issues & Attitudes [4070].
KW  - English
KW  - environmental education research
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - frameworks
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - methodological frameworks
KW  - methodological reflexivity
KW  - practice
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - South Africa
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 559
EP  - 569
JF  - Environmental Education Research
VL  - 12
IS  - 3-4
N2  - In this vignette the author argues for a central and critical role for reflexivity in research with the aim of developing and strengthening not only the understanding of what is done in environmental education research, but also how, and why it is done. The author does this through a narrative account of methodological issues that occurred within, and emerging out of, her doctoral studies. After examining the idea of reflexivity and describing the context within which her research was undertaken, the author offers a response to S. Connell's (see record 2006-20951-023) reading of antagonism in Robottom and Hart's (1995) work, attempting to illustrate the value (rather than negativity) in opening work up to critical review, in order to help researchers explore in reflexive in environmental education research. Secondly, the author offers support to P. Hart's (see record 2006-20951-024) views on the potential difficulties of developing generic guidelines across diverse research traditions. In this instance, the author sees the development of such guidelines for environmental education research as a potential constraint on practice, rather than something that can open up reflexive exploration of improved methodological approaches to the field. In support of Hart's work, the author argues for a more critical consideration of the role of reflexivity in developing research practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1350-4622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1660
T1  - Editorial Clubs as a New Teaching Tool in Postgraduate Training. [References]
A1  - Safar,A.Mazin
A1  - O'sullivan,Patricia
A1  - Ray,Linda
A1  - Hutchins,Laura
A1  - Mehta,Paulette
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2007-03320-014 LG - English MA - Mehta, Paulette: MehtaPaulette@uams.edu IN - Safar, A. Mazin: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US O'sullivan, Patricia: University of California, San Francisco, CA, US Ray, Linda: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US Hutchins, Laura: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US Mehta, Paulette: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Health Promotion
KW  - *Medical Education
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Postgraduate Training
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Arkansas
KW  - California
KW  - competency
KW  - economics
KW  - Editorial
KW  - editorial clubs
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - hematology program
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - oncology fellowship program
KW  - postgraduate training
KW  - Professional Education & Training [3410].
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - Science
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 163
EP  - 165
JF  - Journal of Cancer Education
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - Background: We report an editorial club as a novel method of teaching systems-based competency in a hematology/oncology fellowship program. Method: Editorial clubs focus on topics of broad economic, political, and legal ramifications of hematology/oncology and thereby help to develop systems competency as required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Results: We began our program in 2001 and report on its functioning and outcome in a group of hematology/oncology fellows at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Conclusion: Topics were diverse, fellows and faculty attendance was excellent, and fellows reported improved systems-based competency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 0885-8195
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1661
T1  - Evidence-Based Mental Health Practices
A1  - Spagnolo,Amy B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-09555-016 LG - English MA - Spagnolo, Amy B.: spagnoam@umdnj.edu IN - Spagnolo, Amy B.: Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation And Behavioral Health care, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Client Attitudes
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Mental Health
KW  - *Mental Health Services
KW  - behavioral health care
KW  - Book
KW  - choice
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Consumer
KW  - context
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based mental health practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - health
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300].
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Program
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Programs
KW  - mental illness
KW  - practice
KW  - psychiatric rehabilitation
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - texts
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 80
JF  - Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
N2  - Reviews the book, Evidence-Based Mental Health Practices edited by Robert E. Drake, Matthew R. Merrens, David W. Lynde (see record 2005-04045-000). This is one of the few texts available on evidence-based practice in mental health. It is also one of the most critically thought out texts I have read. The book spends considerable time describing the historical context of the emergence of evidence-based practices and provides several useful comparisons to physical medicine and science when arguing the utility of an evidence- based decision making process. It also highlights, in many sections, the importance of clinical decision making as well as consumer preference and choice when implementing EBPs. It is an excellent resource for anyone interested in a comprehensive review of the evolution, rationale, and implementation of evidence-based practice. The structure of this book follows a logical sequence starting with the prologue which highlights one of the editor's accounts of his struggles as a practitioner and later as a mental health program administrator. This text focuses on clinical decision making, recovery, and consumer preference and choice, reminding the reader of how closely each of the six evidence-based practices incorporate these important factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1095-158X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1662
T1  - Evidence-Based Medicine, Reasoned Medicine or both? Commentary on Jenicek, M. (2006) 'The hard art of soft science' Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 12, 410-419. [References]
A1  - Upshur,Ross E.G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2006-09860-003 LG - English MA - Upshur, Ross E. G.: ross.upshur@sw.ca IN - Upshur, Ross E. G.: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Critical Thinking
KW  - *Decision Making
KW  - *Evidence Based Practice
KW  - *Medical Sciences
KW  - *Reasoning
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument-based medical reasoning
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Family
KW  - Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention [3300]; Professional Ethics & Standards & Liability [3450].
KW  - Hermeneutics
KW  - Human
KW  - Intention
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Science
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 420
EP  - 422
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Comments on the article by Milos Jenicek (see record 2006-09860-002). The author of this commentary found much value in Professor Jenicek's viewpoint on evidence-based medicine; however, the current author also believes that although Professor Jenicek rightly warned of the dangers of relying solely on evidence-based medicine, he also demonstrated an unwillingness to abandon the concept altogether. In fact, Professor Jenicek outlines the stages and steps of evidence-based process and includes a concept of argument-based medical reasoning at the core of evidence-based medicine. The current author believes Professor Jenicek's paper moves us in some of the right directions, but has concerns that by the time Professor Jenicek gets to discussions of argumentation, reasoning, hermeneutics and critical thinking, he has moved quite far away from the original position and intention of EBM. The original proponents of EBM pointed out that the vast majority of practitioners no longer wish to have expertise in critical appraisal, but merely want to know where to access the so-called best evidence. The current author commends Professor Jenicek for his critical evaluation of EBM, and also for his approval of EBM over unpalatable alternatives--such as experience-based or faith-based medicine--but firmly believes that even more critical appraisal and evaluation of EBM is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
SN  - 1356-1294
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1663
T1  - Do reading tests measure the same construct in multiethnic and multilingual older persons? [References]
A1  - Cosentino,Stephanie
A1  - Manly,Jennifer
A1  - Mungas,Dan
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2007-03285-006 LG - English MA - Manly, Jennifer: jjm71@columbia.edu IN - Cosentino, Stephanie: Gertrude H. Serviegsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, US Manly, Jennifer: Gertrude H. Serviegsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, US Mungas, Dan: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, US PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal LO - US
KW  - *Aging
KW  - *Educational Attainment Level
KW  - *Multilingualism
KW  - *Racial and Ethnic Differences
KW  - *Reading Measures
KW  - Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
KW  - Blacks
KW  - Demographic Characteristics
KW  - Education
KW  - educational experience
KW  - Educational Measurement [2227].
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Female
KW  - Hispanic
KW  - Hispanics
KW  - Human
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Male
KW  - Medicine
KW  - multiethnic & multilingual samples
KW  - multilingual
KW  - Neurology
KW  - New York
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading test
KW  - reading tests
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - single word reading
KW  - Spanish
KW  - speaking
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - US
KW  - Whites
KW  - Work
KW  - years of education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 228
EP  - 236
JF  - Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - A critical focus of neuropsychological research is to identify unbiased ways to compare heterogeneous groups on background variables relevant to neuropsychological performance. Whereas recent work has pointed to single word reading as a less culturally biased measure of educational experience than years of education, the extent to which reading score captures a broad range of educational experience and does so consistently across ethnic and language groups is unknown. The current study evaluated reading in relation to years of education in English-speaking Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, and Spanish-speaking Hispanic older persons (n=342). Consistent with previous work, reading scores at each grade level were lower in English speaking ethnic minorities than in Whites, supporting the idea that variables related to lifetime educational experience are often confounded with ethnicity. Standardized reading scores were highest in the Spanish speakers; however, interpretation of this difference is limited because scores were necessarily derived using separate normative samples. Importantly, the slopes of reading score by years of education were comparable across all groups. That is, reading scores rose consistently with years of education independently of ethnicity or language, suggesting that such scores can be treated comparably for theoretical and statistical purposes in multiethnic and multilingual samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1355-6177
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1664
T1  - Designing for Learning Effectiveness Across Borders in a Multicultural Context. [References]
A1  - Kumar,Krishan Lall
A1  - Bhattacharya,Madhumita
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - DB - PsycINFO AN - Peer Reviewed Journal: 2007-02192-009 LG - English MA - Kumar, Krishan Lall: KUMARKL@mopipi.ub.bw; Bhattacharya, Madhumita: M.Bhattacharya@massey.ac.nz IN - Kumar, Krishan Lall: University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana Bhattacharya, Madhumita: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand SI - Special Issue: The Connected Learning Space PT - Journal PT - Peer Reviewed Journal
KW  - *Curriculum Development
KW  - *Distance Education
KW  - *Learning Strategies
KW  - *Multicultural Education
KW  - *Teaching Methods
KW  - Africa
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Authority
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication technologies
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - context
KW  - Countries
KW  - Culture
KW  - Curriculum & Programs & Teaching Methods [3530].
KW  - designing for learning effectiveness
KW  - distance teaching-learning
KW  - effective learning
KW  - English
KW  - Fear
KW  - Gender
KW  - Human
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning style
KW  - learning styles
KW  - Methodology
KW  - multicultural context
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - prior knowledge
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Religion
KW  - respect
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching styles
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 111
EP  - 121
JF  - Journal of Interactive Learning Research
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
N2  - Technological developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) supporting distance teaching-learning strategies, (e.g., one and two-way video tele-conferencing, web conferencing, etc.) have made it possible to reach out far and wide without distortion of signal and consequent loss of message. There are, however, further challenges posed by the socio-cultural scenarios in different countries, which manifest in terms of different learning styles, interactivity, mutual respect, authority consciousness, hesitation, fear and gender sensitivity, which can be clubbed into multicultural context. Factors behind multicultural differences include local cultures, tradition, religion, beliefs, socioeconomic levels, modernity and psychological and background barriers. This article draws upon case studies of courses conducted by the authors; one-way video teleteaching within a country with no trans-cultural factors and two other courses, one each via two-way-video conferencing and web conferencing between Africa and a European country. Designing for effective learning across national borders, requires prior knowledge of all of the above factors to select appropriate teaching-learning activities. It is recommended to employ a design methodology, such as preparing a problem statement and a design brief, employing appropriate teaching methodology and audiovisual resources in relation to the multicultural environment. Lessons are drawn in order to ensure teaching-learning effectiveness across borders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
SN  - 1093-023X
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1665
T1  - An evaluation of a collaborative model for preparing evidence-based medicine teachers 3
A1  - Carol,S.
A1  - Dorsch,Josephine L.
A1  - Weller,Ann C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - Email Address: [mailto:cscherre@uic.edu] ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal article, electronic only Publisher: Medical Library Association P2: Publisher Email: [mailto:mlams2@mlahq.org] Update: 20060720 Accession Number: 416849
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - Concepts
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Home
KW  - Illinois
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Library Association
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - principles
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistical Concepts
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - User surveys
KW  - User training
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - vol
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA ), vol.94, no.2, pp.np, Apr 2006
IS  - JMLA ), vol. 94, no. 2, pp. np, Apr 20066006
N2  - Purpose: The authors studied the effectiveness of a train-the-trainer collaboration model between librarians and medical faculty to instruct librarians and health professionals in teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles. Methods: A telephone survey was administered to graduates of an EBM course who agreed to participate in the study. They were asked if and how they taught EBM on returning to their institutions, if they felt competent to critically appraise an article, if their skill in searching PubMed improved, and if they collaborated with others in teaching EBM. Results: Most respondents were librarians. The class was successful in that most taught EBM on return to their home institutions. Most initiated collaboration with health professionals. The goals of improving PubMed searching and achieving statistical competency had less success. Conclusion: This model is effective in preparing librarians to teach EBM. Modelling and encouraging collaboration between librarians and health professionals were successful techniques. Librarians would like more instruction in statistical concepts and less in searching PubMed. Conclusions cannot be made for health professionals because of the low response rate from this group. As evidence-based health care continues to extend to other disciplines, librarians can position themselves to participate fully in the EBM educational process. (Author abstract)
AD  - Affiliation Library of the Health Sciences, Illinois University at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1666
T1  - Effective methods for teaching information literacy skills to undergraduate students: a systematic review and meta-analysis 5
A1  - Koufogiannakis*,Denise
A1  - Wiebe,Natasha
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - Email Address: [mailto:denise.koufogiannakis@ualberta.ca] ISSN: 1715-720X Language: English Publication Type: Journal article Publisher: University of Alberta Learning Services Update: 20061220 Accession Number: 475503
KW  - 10.1 INFORMATION WORK
KW  - active learning
KW  - Alberta
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - form
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information work
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Literature
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - traditional methods
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - United States
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - vol
EP  - 43, 20066006
JA  - Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, vol.1, no.3, pp.3-43, 2006
N2  - Objective: The objective of this review was to assess which library instruction methods are most effective for improving the information skills of students at an introductory, undergraduate level, using cognitive outcomes (measuring changes in knowledge). The study sought to address the following questions: 1) What is the overall state of research on this topic? 2) Which teaching methods are more effective? Methods: Systematic review methodology was used. Fifteen databases were searched for relevant articles retrieving 4356 potentially relevant citations. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. Of those, 257 full articles were considered in-depth using a predetermined inclusion/exclusion form. 122 unique studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent an extensive data extraction and critical appraisal process. 55 of these studies met author defined quality criteria to provide information on the effectiveness of different teaching methods. Of these, 16 studies provided sufficient information to enable meta-analyses using standardized mean difference to be undertaken. Results: The overwhelming majority of studies were conducted in the United States (88%). 79 studies (65%) used experimental or quasi-experimental research methods. Teaching methods used in the studies varied, with the majority focused on traditional methods of teaching, followed by computer assisted instruction, and self-directed independent learning. Studies measured outcomes that correlated with Bloom's lower levels of learning (Remember, Understand, Apply). 16 studies compared traditional instruction with no instruction, and 12 found a positive outcome. Meta-analysis of the data from 4 of these studies agreed with the positive conclusions favouring traditional instruction. 14 studies compared computer assisted instruction with traditional instruction. 9 of these showed a neutral result, and meta-analysis of 8 of these studies agreed with this neutral result. 6 studies compared self-directed independent learning with no instruction, and meta-analysis of 5 of these agreed that the result was positive in favour of self-directed independent learning. Conclusions: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that computer assisted instruction is as effective as traditional instruction. Evidence also suggests that both traditional instruction and self-directed independent instruction are more effective than no instruction. Additional comparative research needs to be done across different teaching methods. Studies comparing active learning, computer assisted instruction, and self-directed independent learning would greatly enrich the research literature. Further studies utilizing appropriate methodologies and validated research tools would enrich our evidence base, and contribute to the growth of knowledge about effectiveness of particular teaching methods. (Author abstract)
AD  - Affiliation University of Alberta Libraries, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1667
T1  - The Role of Problem-Solving Appraisal in the Process and Outcome of Career Counseling 111
A1  - Heppner,Mary J.
A1  - Lee,Dong gwi
A1  - Heppner,P.Paul
A1  - McKinnon,Lynn C.
A1  - Multon,Karen D.
A1  - Gysbers,Norm C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 0001-8791 Publisher: Elsevier Customer Service Department, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando,: FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126 (Toll Free); Fax: 407-363-1354;: e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ730154 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - alliance
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Average
KW  - Career
KW  - Career Change
KW  - Career Counseling
KW  - clients
KW  - Counseling
KW  - data
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Formative Evaluation
KW  - Influences
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Measures (Individuals)
KW  - Model
KW  - participation
KW  - Predictive Measurement
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - psychological adjustment
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Scores
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 238
JA  - Journal of Vocational Behavior
VL  - v65 n2 p217-238 Oct 2004
N2  - Because problem-solving appraisal has been demonstrated to be a critical variable in psychological adjustment, this study examined its potential role as both a static and dynamic client attribute influencing the process and outcome of career counseling. Participants were 151 adults who received an average of five sessions of naturally occurring career counseling; data were collected before, during, and after counseling. The results indicated that: (a) in line with a static attribute model, clients' pre-counseling problem-solving appraisal scores predicted post-counseling career and psychological outcomes as well as career decidedness even after partialling out clients' pre-decidedness scores; (b) in line with a dynamic attribute model, clients who experienced positive changes in problem-solving appraisal in counseling were more likely to have more positive career resources to use in their career transitions as well greater goal directedness; (c) participation in career counseling related to positive change in problem-solving appraisal scores at a level similar to problem-solving training workshops; and (d) clients' changes in problem-solving appraisal related to changes in the working alliance over time
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1668
T1  - A Psychometric Investigation of Scores on the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal New Form S 164
A1  - Loo,S.Robert
A1  - Thorpe,Karran
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0013-1644 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ598378 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Administration
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Factor Structure
KW  - form
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - Nursing
KW  - On
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scores
KW  - Test Format
KW  - Test Length
KW  - Test Use
KW  - Thinking
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 1003
JA  - Educational and Psychological Measurement
VL  - v59 n6 p995-1003 Dec 1999
N2  - Used samples of 142 management and 123 nursing undergraduates to evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the newly developed Form S (short form) of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (G. Watson and E. Glaser, 1964, 1994). Results provide only limited support for Form S, and further refinement is suggested. (SLD)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1669
T1  - Teacher Appraisal Research Networks 1980-2000 144
A1  - Gunter,Helen M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 0013-1911 Language: English Publication Type: 070 Information Analyses; 080 Journal Articles Accession Number: EJ634165 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty Evaluation
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - higher education
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - legislation
KW  - Management
KW  - Merit Pay
KW  - Networks
KW  - Performance
KW  - Performance appraisal
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Networks
KW  - researchers
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Researchers
KW  - Teachers
KW  - United Kingdom
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 50
JF  - Educational Review
VL  - v53 n3 p241-50 Nov 2001
N2  - Legislation requiring site-based performance management in British schools gave rise to the development of practitioner research networks, in which instrumental performance appraisal has predominated over humanist and critical approaches. Even marginalized networks have involved important collaborations among teachers, higher education researchers, and local education agency advisors. (Contains 85 references.) (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1670
T1  - Training the health information seeker: quality issues in health information Web sites 19
A1  - Crespo,Javier
Y1  - 2004///Fall
N1  - ISSN: 0024-2594 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050615 Accession Number: 358870
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - AIDS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Consumer Health Information
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Information
KW  - Intermediaries
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - User training
KW  - users
KW  - Web
KW  - Web sites
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 360
EP  - 374
JA  - Library Trends
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
N2  - This article explores evaluation issues in online consumer health information within the context of librarians as educators and intermediaries. Literature on Internet and health information seekers reveals that health information returned by search engines is generally accepted without critical appraisal. Reported and observational studies of users show a disconnect between what users say they know and their actions in finding and assessing the appropriateness of health information. A growing body of literature assessing the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and attribution reporting of health information finds these areas lacking and contributing to the poor assessment of quality. Several quality initiatives representative of available criteria sets, accreditation bodies, and teaching aids are discussed. A rationale for providing some type of evaluative or critical appraisal component is offered. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1671
T1  - Evaluating medical student searches of MEDLINE for evidence-based information: process and application of results 70
A1  - Burrows,S.C.
A1  - Tylman,V.
Y1  - 1999/10//
N1  - ISSN: 0025-7338 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 96560
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Miami University School of Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Publication
KW  - School
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - Searching
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University libraries
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 471
EP  - 476
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 87
IS  - 4
N2  - Reports results of a study to evaluate the adequacy of the MEDLINE instruction routinely given to all entering medical students at Miami University School of Medicine and the ability of students to search effectively for and retrieve evidence based information for clinical decision making by the end of their third year. A strategy was developed and implemented for evaluating the search strategies and articles selected by third year students, who participated in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in June 1996, 1997, and 1998 and reviewed the literature on evidence based medicine and evaluation of medical student searches. A mean of 5 per cent of the students' search strategies and a mean of 26 per cent of articles selected were ranked 'excellent' or 'good'; a mean of 26 per cent of search strategies were ranked 'fair' and a mean of 69 per cent were ranked 'poor'; and a mean of 22 per cent of articles selected were ranked 'fair' and a mean of 52 per cent were ranked 'poor' based on the strategy developed to evaluate student searches. Concludes that evaluating medical student searches for evidence based information is an effective way of evaluating students' searching proficiency and the adequacy of the instruction they receive. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1672
T1  - Evidence-based medicine training for residents and students at a teaching hospital: the libraryA's role in turning evidence into action 76
A1  - Earl,M.F.
A1  - Neutens,J.A.
Y1  - 1999/04//
N1  - ISSN: 0025-7338 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 84587
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information work
KW  - instruction
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Publication
KW  - Resident
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Technique
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Tennessee University
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University libraries
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 211
EP  - 214
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
N2  - Reports results of a study of the role of the librarian in the process of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), involving 7 residents in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Tennessee University Medical Center. A librarian and professor team was interested in whether EBM techniques could make a difference in improving patient care, serve as a continuing education venue, and provide a basis on which to evaluate the librarian's role in instruction. Concludes that the librarian has an important role to fulfil in the EBM training process
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1673
T1  - Librarians, clinicians, evidence-based medicine, and the division of labor 69
A1  - Holtum,E.A.
Y1  - 1999/10//
N1  - ISSN: 0025-7338 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 96552
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - complexity
KW  - context
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital libraries
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Information work
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Labor
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library and information professionals
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Library Association
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - Searching
KW  - Symposium
KW  - Technology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 404
EP  - 407
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 87
IS  - 4
N2  - Article included in an issue devoted partly to Part 2 of a 2 part symposium on hospital libraries and the Internet organized by the Medical Library Association (MLA), Hospital Libraries Section, Information Technology Committee. Considers whether librarians have promoted end user searching to the detriment of the profession and promoted clinical inefficiency from causally trained health practitioners. Issues related to the complexity of bibliographic retrieval in the networked environment are explored within the context of evidence based medicine and the division of labour. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1674
T1  - Structuring the pre-search reference interview: a useful technique for handling clinical questions 63
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - O'Rourke,A.J.
A1  - Ford,N.J.
Y1  - 2000/07//
N1  - ISSN: 0025-7338 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 102725
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - AuRACLE
KW  - Automated Retrieval Assistant for Clinically-relevant Evidence
KW  - complexity
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval-Evidence based medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 239
EP  - 246
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 88
IS  - 3
N2  - Reports results of a study, as part of the Automated Retrieval of Clinically-relevant Evidence (AuRACLE) Project, to explore whether structuring a literature search request form according to an evidence based medicine (EBM) anatomy elicits more information, improves precision of search results and is acceptable to participating librarians. The multicentre before-and-after study involved six different libraries. Data from 195 minimally structured forms collected over four months (Phase 1) were compared with data from 185 EBM-structured forms collected over a further four-month period following a brief training intervention (Phase 2). Survey of librarians' attitudes toward using the EBM-structured forms was conducted early during Phase 2. 380 request forms, EBM-structured and minimally structured, were analysed using SPSS. A statistically significant Pearson correlation was found between use of the EBM-structured form and complexity of the search strategy. The correlation between clinical requests handled by the EBM-structured form and fewer items retrieved was also statistically significant. However, librarians rated minimally structured forms more highly than EBM-structured forms against all dimensions except informativeness. It is concluded that, although use of the EBM-structured forms is associated with more precise searches and more detailed search strategies, considerable work remains on making these forms acceptable to both librarians and users. Nevertheless, with increased familiarity and improved training, information retrieval benefits could be translated into more effective search practice. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1675
T1  - Dare to Be Different 94
A1  - Wassermann,Selma
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - ISSN: 0031-7217 Publisher: Phi Delta Kappa International. 408 North Union Street, P.O. Box 789,: Bloomington, IN 47402-1789. Tel: 800-766-1156; Fax: 812-339-0018;: e-mail: orders@pdkintl.org; Web site:: http://www.pdkintl.org/publications/pubshome.htm Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 120 Opinion Papers; 141 Reports: Descriptive Accession Number: EJ751118 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Achievement
KW  - achievement test
KW  - Achievement Tests
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - Authority
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - British Columbia (Vancouver)
KW  - Buffer
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Continuous Progress Plan
KW  - curiosity
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - elementary school
KW  - Elementary Schools
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - freedom
KW  - grades
KW  - High School
KW  - History
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Language
KW  - Leaders
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - Letter
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Mixed Age Grouping
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nongraded Student Evaluation
KW  - Nontraditional Education
KW  - Observation
KW  - On
KW  - Open Education
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Performance
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Principals
KW  - principles
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - progress
KW  - Publication
KW  - Rest
KW  - School
KW  - school administration
KW  - schools
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Centered Curriculum
KW  - student teachers
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Team Teaching
KW  - Teams
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 390
JA  - Phi Delta Kappan
VL  - v88 n5 p384-390 Jan 2007
N2  - In this article, the author profiles Charles Dickens Elementary School in Vancouver, British Columbia, a school that dares to be different from the rest. This elementary school operates on a child-centered, multi-aged framework that is based on belief in an orientation towards continuous progress, appropriate evaluation of progress, schoolwide team-teaching, anecdotal reporting to parents (instead of letter grades), a collegial and collaborative working relationship between teachers and administrators, mentoring for student teachers, advocacy teams that recommend school political directions and school improvement plans, an active student council, and a parent involvement advocacy team and parent advisory council. While many individual classrooms throughout British Columbia advocate child-centered education, it is rare to find an entire school that is consistently dedicated to its principles. Having been officially designated as an "alternative school" by the ministry of education, Dickens Elementary has more freedom to depart from the more common mainstream practices. One example of this departure is the means of assessing student performance. Standard achievement tests have been replaced in favor of the professional judgments of teams of teachers, based on their day-to-day observations and evaluations of students' work. Teachers at Dickens remain with the same group of children for a period of three years, allowing them to get to know the students better and to become familiar with their individual learning needs and styles. The author contends that the critical force in initiating and maintaining this style of child-centered school philosophy is the teaching staff. Teachers must see the school as a place where all children can satisfy their curiosity, develop their abilities and talents, and pursue their individual interests. Because there is no "grade-level curriculum," each child's learning needs are met along a continuum of progress. The anecdotal reports provided to parents are accompanied by the students' self-evaluations of their performance, who are often less generous in their appraisals than their teachers. Since Charles Dickens has been in operation for almost 20 years, there is now a history of reports about these children's subsequent performance in secondary schools. These reports indicate that the Dickens students are well-rounded, can carry on good discussions focused on the "big ideas," are good leaders as well as good team players, are autonomous, flexible, personally responsible, and make good adjustments to high school. The author concludes this essay with recommendations on what is needed to allow other schools to adopt these same successful philosophies and practices: (1) "stand-up" leadership from principals, who must buffer the school from district and provincial demands; and (2) school boards and provincial and state authorities who are not afraid to give educators the autonomy to follow a different pathway in meeting rigorous standards. (Contains 8 endnotes.)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1676
T1  - Health professional education, evidence-based health care, and health sciences librarians 26
A1  - Bayley,Liz
A1  - McKibbon,K.Ann
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 0090-7324 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 277131
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Resident
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher librarians
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
JA  - Reference Services Review
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) evolved from an innovative method of teaching residents to use published literature for patient care. The missing piece to this critical appraisal approach was the skills needed to find the "best evidence" to use. Acknowledgment of this need provided many opportunities for librarians to become partners in the care process, including changes in provision of collections and services, modifications in searching skills (comprehensive vs clinical), and planning and educating undergraduates and graduates across the health disciplines. Librarians have increased their skills, made changes in practice, and become more important in educating and providing resources for practicing clinicians. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1677
T1  - Research, development, and production of information resources and tools 12
A1  - Eady,Angela
A1  - McKibbon,K.Ann
A1  - Walker-Dilks,Cindy J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - ISSN: 0090-7324 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 351628
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Canada
KW  - Career
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Sciences Librarianship
KW  - Information
KW  - Information communication
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - interactions
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Librarianship
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Peers
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Recognition
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - User training
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 25
EP  - 30
JA  - Reference Services Review
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - Purpose: The Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, was founded to meet the information needs that were quickly becoming apparent in the course of teaching critical appraisal methods for the practice of evidence-based medicine. Librarians have worked in HIRU from its inception and their activities include teaching searching skills to clinicians, collecting and analyzing data for developing methods hedges to increase retrieval of high-quality clinical articles, evaluating study methods of articles for four evidence-based journals, and developing more sophisticated ways to deliver electronic information to clinicians. This article summarizes these developments. Design/methodology/approach: To show the range and richness of the roles performed over the years, some of the cycles and projects with which HIRU has been involved and how librarians have fit in are described. Not all projects have been "successful", but often the unsuccessful ones are as informative as - if not more so than - those that met one's expectations. Findings: One of the main outcomes of the work is the recognition that many job opportunities in areas of informatics exist for librarians and other information professionals. Other groups are acknowledging that librarians can have substantial input into information products and anyone considering health sciences librarianship as a career should realize that many of the skills obtained during training will equip one for work in many non-traditional settings. Originality/value: It is felt that a contribution has been made to the continuing education of many of one's peers and help given to build one's research base and information products. The professional relationships that have been established because of these interactions have been rich and rewarding. Anyone interested in a career in health librarianship is encouraged to consider the opportunities available in research and development and other non-traditional (non-library) settings. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1678
T1  - Integrating Evidence-based Decision Making into Allied Health Curricula 141
A1  - Forrest,Jane L.
A1  - Miller,Syrene A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 0090-7421 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ638634 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - active learning
KW  - Allied Health Occupations Education
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Dental Hygienists
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty Development
KW  - Feedback
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - higher education
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching techniques
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 22
JF  - Journal of Allied Health
VL  - v30 n4 p215-22 Win 2001
N2  - Evidence-based decision making (EBDM) was incorporated into an institute for 42 dental hygiene, occupational therapy, and physical therapy faculty. The 4-day sessions addressed active teaching techniques, formulation of good questions, critical appraisal of evidence, and application, feedback, and evaluation. Most participants felt prepared to teach EBDM and 93% were incorporating strategies into their teaching. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1679
T1  - Sluttbrukernes informasjonskompetanse: en ny og prioritert oppgave for Bibliotek for medisin og helsefag. The end users' information competence: a new and prioritised task for the Library of Medicine and Health Sciences 56
A1  - Haraldstad,A.M.
Y1  - 2001/02//
N1  - ISSN: 0106-0503 Language: Norwegian Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 113020
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Norway
KW  - Objectives
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - Publication
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - User training
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 17
EP  - 19
JA  - DF Revy
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
N2  - The need for user education is increasing as Internet access demands information competent users. When the medical libraries in Oslo were amalgamated and reorganized a teaching section with 3 staff was introduced and user education given high priority. The courses have specific objectives and are user evaluated. Library staff have attended courses in adult education. The Library also runs courses for problem-based learning medical students and short drop-in courses. Future developments include teaching of evidence based medicine and critical appraisal technique
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1680
T1  - A Systematic Review of Postgraduate Teaching in Evidence-Based Medicine and Critical Appraisal 121
A1  - Coomarasamy,Aravinthan
A1  - Taylor,Rod
A1  - Khan,Khalid S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - ISSN: 0142-159X Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 141 Reports: Descriptive Accession Number: EJ663491 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Behavior Development
KW  - Concept Formation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - postgraduate teaching
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - science education
KW  - Skill
KW  - skill development
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 81
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - v25 n1 p77-81 Jan 2003
N2  - Examines the effectiveness of evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal teaching at the postgraduate level. Conducts a comprehensive search and identifies 17 studies. Shows a significant improvement in knowledge but not in attitude, skills, or behavior. (Author/KHR)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1681
T1  - BEME Guide No. 3: Systematic searching for evidence in medical education - Part 2: Constructing searches 32
A1  - Dozier,Marshall
A1  - Haig,Alex
Y1  - 2003/09//
N1  - ISSN: 0142-159X Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 312161
KW  - Algebra
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - best evidence medical education
KW  - Best practice
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Controlled vocabulary
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - images
KW  - Information
KW  - Information sources
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Online databases
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Query formulation
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Use
KW  - vocabulary
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 463
EP  - 484
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
N2  - Searching for evidence to inform best practice in medical education is a complex undertaking. With very few information sources dedicated to medical education itself, one is forced to consult a wide range of often enormous sources - and these are dedicated to either medicine or education, making a medical education search all the more challenging. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of relevant information sources and methods (including bibliographic databases, grey literature, hand searching and the Internet) and describes when they should be consulted. The process of constructing a search is explained: identifying and combining core concepts, using Boolean algebra and search syntax, limiting results sets, and making best use of databases' controlled vocabularies. This process is illustrated with images from search screens and is followed by numerous examples designed to reinforce skills and concepts covered. The guide has been developed from the ongoing experience gained from the systematic searches conducted for the Best Evidence Medical Education Collaboration, and concludes by looking ahead to initiatives that will shape future searching for medical education evidence. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1682
T1  - BEME Guide No 3: Systematic searching for evidence in medical education - Part 1: Sources of information 34
A1  - Dozier,Marshall
A1  - Haig,Alex
Y1  - 2003/07//
N1  - ISSN: 0142-159X Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 312145
KW  - Algebra
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - best evidence medical education
KW  - Best practice
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Controlled vocabulary
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - images
KW  - Information
KW  - Information sources
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Use
KW  - vocabulary
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 352
EP  - 363
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - Searching for evidence to inform best practice in medical education is a complex undertaking. With very few information sources dedicated to medical education itself, one is forced to consult a wide range of often enormous sources - and these are dedicated to either medicine or education, making a medical education search all the more challenging. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of relevant information sources and methods (including bibliographic databases, grey literature, hand searching and the Internet) and describes when they should be consulted. The process of constructing a search is explained: identifying and combining core concepts, using Boolean algebra and search syntax, limiting results sets, and making best use of databases' controlled vocabularies. This process is illustrated with images from search screens and is followed by numerous examples designed to reinforce skills and concepts covered. The guide has been developed from the ongoing experience gained from the systematic searches conducted for the Best Evidence Medical Education Collaboration, and concludes by looking ahead to initiatives that will shape future searching for medical education evidence. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1683
T1  - Teaching Critical Thinking in an Introductory Leadership Course Utilizing Active Learning Strategies: A Confirmatory Study 112
A1  - Burbach,Mark E.
A1  - Matkin,Gina S.
A1  - Fritz,Susan M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 0146-3934 Publisher: Project Innovation, Inc., P.O. Box 8508, Spring Hill Station, Mobile,: AL 36689-0508. Web site:: http://journals825.home.mindspring.com/csj/html Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ706698 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - active learning
KW  - active learning strategies
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - College
KW  - context
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - higher education
KW  - innovation
KW  - Interpersonal Competence
KW  - Introductory Courses
KW  - introductory leadership course
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - Pretests Posttests
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Student
KW  - student engagement
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Technique
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - College Student Journal
VL  - v38 n3 p482 Sep 2004
N2  - Critical thinking is often seen as a universal goal of higher education but is seldom confirmed as an outcome. This study was conducted to determine whether an introductory level college leadership course that encouraged active learning increased critical thinking skills. A pre- and post-assessment of critical thinking skills was conducted using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Significant increases were found in the Deduction and Interpretation subtests, and total Critical Thinking. Student engagement in active learning techniques within the context of studying interpersonal skills for leadership appeared to increase critical thinking
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1684
T1  - Nursing Education for Critical Thinking: An Integrative Review 162
A1  - Adams,Barbara L.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0148-4834 Notes: Journal availability: Slack, Inc., 6900 Grove Rd., Thorofare, NJ 08086-9447 Language: English Publication Type: 070 Information Analyses; 080 Journal Articles Accession Number: EJ580995 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - definition
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - higher education
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Note
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Problems
KW  - Review
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 19
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - v38 n3 p111-19 Mar 1999
N2  - Analysis of 20 research studies of critical thinking in nursing, 1977-1995, found that the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal was used in 18. There was no consistent evidence that nursing education increases critical thinking. Research design flaws, inconsistent definition of critical thinking, and lack of an appropriate measurement tool are possible causes. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1685
T1  - Information literacy integration in a doctoral program 39
A1  - Berg,Marlowe
A1  - Grant,Maria
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - ISSN: 0163-9269 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 294530
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Conversation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - doctoral students
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Integration
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Leaders
KW  - Literacy
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Standard
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher training
KW  - Teachers
KW  - USA
KW  - User training
KW  - users
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 128
JA  - Behavioral and Social Sciences Librarian
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Information literacy is critical to those preparing to work as leaders in the realm of education. This study looked at the infusion of information literacy into a new doctoral program, the SDSU-USD Joint Doctoral Program. The ACRL standards were used as a founding point from which to appraise the acquisition of information literacy. Data collection involved faculty review of classes taught within the program as related to the standards. In addition, data regarding the specific methods by which standards were put into effect within the courses were gathered from a focus group comprised of doctoral students currently involved in the program. A means by which to incorporate and verify the inclusion of information literacy standards into the curriculum was developed in the course of this research. Furthermore, exemplars that may serve as models for information literacy inclusion have been established. Of greatest importance, a heightened awareness of the concept of information literacy was manifest in the conversations that occurred between faculty and students. [Copies of this article are available for a fee from the Haworth Document Delivery Service http: [mailto://docdelivery@haworthpress.com]]. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1686
T1  - Another fine MeSH: clinical medicine meets information science 83
A1  - O'Rourke,A.
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Ford,N.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0165-5515 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 95442
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - AuRACLE
KW  - Author
KW  - Automated Retrieval Assistant for Clinically-relevant Evidence
KW  - Classification
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Coding
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - Electronic Mail
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - innovation
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Mail
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Needs
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Patient
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - Searching
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - UK
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 281
JA  - Journal of Information Science
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence based medicine (EBM) requires clinicians to tackle patient management by making more systematic use of databases like MEDLINE and using more sophisticated search strategies to optimize the retrieval of relevant articles. Reports results of a study to investigate the possible benefits of introducing a common, structured information request form explicitly asking about the patient/intervention/outcome/comparison axis. Data was obtained from the AUtomated Retrieval Assistant for Clinically-relevant Evidence (AURACLE) project, Developing an Automated Extensible Reference Service, a British Library Research and Innovation Centre funded project which provided access to literature search request forms from staff using computerized biomedical databases at the libraries in UK district general hospitals, teaching hospitals and a health services research unit. A comparison of the structured and unstructured forms was undertaken for these four components; coding of the requests being performed using a modified Scott Richardson classification. The structured form was found to promote the use of components from the EBM anatomy and increase the total number of these in each search. Using structured request forms improves the precision of literature searching without impairing recall. Judges that, for clinical problems, rather than educational environments, the Scott Richardson classification needs modification. (The author may be contacted by electronic mail at [mailto:a.j.orouke@sheffield.ac.uk]). (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1687
T1  - Research Based Nursing Practice--An Evaluation of an Educational Programme 156
A1  - Mulhall,Anne
A1  - Le May,Andree
A1  - Alexander,Caroline
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - ISSN: 0260-6917 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 142 Reports: Evaluative Accession Number: EJ612529 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Fear
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Outcomes of Education
KW  - practice
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - Publication
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Utilization
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 42
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - v20 n6 p435-42 Aug 2000
N2  - A series of workshops to help British nurses learn to appraise research and use it in practice was evaluated through questionnaires and study of three workshop sites. The programs effectively reduced fear and increased understanding of research, overcoming the problem of jargon. Critical appraisal skills were improved. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1688
T1  - Professional Development and the Beginning Teacher: Issues of Teacher Autonomy and Institutional Conformity in the Performance Review Process 101
A1  - Dymoke,Sue
A1  - Harrison,Jennifer K.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - ISSN: 0260-7476 Publisher: Routledge, 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001. Tel: 212-216-7800;: Fax: 212-564-7854; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 142 Reports: Evaluative Accession Number: EJ729093 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Beginning Teachers
KW  - Career
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - Mentor
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - Note
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - Personnel Evaluation
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Professional Autonomy
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Professional Identity
KW  - Publication
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - relationships
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Self Monitoring
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - teacher attitudes
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 92
JA  - Journal of Education for Teaching
VL  - v32 n1 p71-92 Feb 2006
N2  - This paper presents an analysis of some interview data from a small qualitative study of beginning teachers in their second year of teaching and selected mentors. It explores the extent of the opportunities for their further professional development and considers how the key "actors" in these schools perceive, and experience, their school systems for performance management, appraisal and the associated mentoring, in relation to beginning teachers' professional needs and development. Rippon and Martin [(2003) "Supporting induction: relationships count", "Mentoring and Tutoring", 11(2), 211-226] highlight a need for the mentor to help in the development of a professional identity for teaching in the first year of teaching. For our sample of second year teachers, our analysis indicates that the support systems in school do not encourage the new teachers to become self-monitoring or critically reflective practitioners. Their professional development seems to be largely rooted in performance-led school managerial systems that may leave them unsupported in relation to their career aspirations and personal and professional targets. (Contains 3 notes.)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1689
T1  - Using biomedical databases in everyday clinical practice: the Front-Line Evidence-Based Medicine project in North Thames 84
A1  - Cumbers,B.J.
A1  - Donald,A.
Y1  - 1998/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0265-6647 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 81130
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Computer
KW  - data
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Publication
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 255
EP  - 265
JF  - Health Libraries Review.1999 Dec; 16(4): 243-8.(6 bib)
J1  - Health Libraries Review
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
N2  - Describes a project using questionnaires and interviews to assess the feasibility of using biomedical databases in everyday clinical settings, and the infrastructure needed to support such practice. 14 firms or units in the North Thames region of the UK national health service were provided with 24-hour access to databases. All members of the firms were trained in the principles of evidence based practice and in the use of databases. 7 firms found that the project had made their journal clubs and clinical discussion meetings more structured and focused, with research evidence for and against interventions discussed. The use of evidence in a case related form was limited by the time available. The other 7 were dissatisfied with their training and computer facilities or lacked time. The changes necessary to improve the utilization of research data included closer collaboration with librarians, continuing training and fast delivery of documents. Indicates the limitations of this study and the need for coordination and commitment of time and resources by all concerned for the use of biomedical databases in everyday clinical practice to be feasible. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1690
T1  - Editorial: 'Training the Trainers', courses in evidence-based health care 87
A1  - Greenhalgh,T.
Y1  - 1998/09//
N1  - ISSN: 0265-6647 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 79156
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Best practice
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Cost
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Funding
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library staff
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Stress
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
EP  - 149
JF  - Health Libraries Review.1999 Dec; 16(4): 243-8.(6 bib)
J1  - Health Libraries Review
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
N2  - Discusses the concepts of evidence based medicine and best practice and their relevance to medical information work and the relationship of librarians with clinicians. Recounts the lessons learnt from running annual, week long 'Training the trainers' workshops in evidence based practice, held at University College London, UK and stresses the value of small group work as an educational tool. Expresses concern about the high costs of running workshops of this type and the need for renewed funding
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1691
T1  - Becoming ADEPT: delivering distance learning on evidence-based medicine for librarians 88
A1  - Hicks,A.
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Sawers,C.
Y1  - 1998/09//
N1  - ISSN: 0265-6647 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 79159
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Distance learning
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Filters
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - Information work
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - National health services
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - South Thames Regional Health Authority,UK
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 184
JF  - Health Libraries Review.1999 Dec; 16(4): 243-8.(6 bib)
J1  - Health Libraries Review
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence based medicine (EBM) brings new challenges and opportunities for librarians. However, their ability to respond to this agenda is constrained by their difficulties in acquiring the requisite new skills and techniques while continuing to work in a busy information practice setting. Describes a joint initiative, between a specialist evidence based healthcare information unit and a South Thames Regional Library Service of the UK national health service, to deliver training materials using a mixed workshop and distance learning format. The Applying Diagnosis, Etiology, Prognosis, and Therapy filters (ADEPT) Programme draws upon research conducted at McMaster University, Canada and seeks to equip health care librarians with the skills and techniques required to support evidence based practice locally. Describes the thinking behind the programme, its main features, the extensive evaluation mechanisms incorporated into the course, the results of the evaluation and the lessons learnt. Briefly outlines further planned developments from the course's designers. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1692
T1  - Meeting the information needs of clinicians for the practice of evidence-based healthcare 77
A1  - Pyne,T.
A1  - Newman,K.
A1  - Leigh,S.
A1  - Cowling,A.
A1  - Rounce,K.
Y1  - 1999/03//
N1  - ISSN: 0265-6647 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 84117
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based healthcare
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medical Personnel
KW  - Needs
KW  - North Thames Regional Health Authority,UK
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Searching
KW  - self
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - training needs
KW  - Trust
KW  - UK
KW  - Use
KW  - User needs
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 14
JF  - Health Libraries Review.1999 Dec; 16(4): 243-8.(6 bib)
J1  - Health Libraries Review
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Reports on clinicians' use of library resources and the competencies they require to access information, based on the results of a study commissioned by North Thames Region of the UK health service to identify the training needs for the practice of evidence-based healthcare. Participants in the research included librarians, medical personnel and managers. The research indicates that the majority of clinicians recognize the need to keep up-to-date with their specialty and many visit their libraries frequently, however, few appear to be searching for information in connection with immediate decisions. The participants acknowledged their low usage of some core journals and electronic databases such as Cochrane and CINAHL. Examination of skill and self efficacy levels in using databases revealed wide variations across professions, specialities and trusts. Presents a framework for integrating the key competencies required to access clinically relevant evidence which were elicited during the study. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1693
T1  - Modernizing Schooling Through Performance Management: A Critical Appraisal 123
A1  - Gleeson,Denis
A1  - Husbands,Chris
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - ISSN: 0268-0939 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ677927 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Practices
KW  - Elementary Secondary Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - Impact
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - Modernization
KW  - On
KW  - Performance
KW  - Policy Formation
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 511
JA  - Journal of Education Policy
VL  - v18 n5 p499-511 Sep-Oct 2003
N2  - Critical analysis of the dual impact of modernization and performance management on policymaking and professional practice in English schools. (Contains 66 references.)(PKP)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1694
T1  - Instruction of evidence-based medicine searching skills during first-year epidemiology 85
A1  - Wrosch,J.A.
A1  - Morgan,L.K.
A1  - Sullivant,J.
A1  - Lewis,D.M.
Y1  - 1998///Fall
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 76694
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Concepts
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Goals
KW  - Gustave L and Janet W Levy Library
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - instruction
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mount Sinai School of Medicine,New York
KW  - New York
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - School
KW  - school students
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 57
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
N2  - Describes the library and information user training course for medical school students, at the Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, with particular reference to searching skills information in evidence-based medicine. The goals of the course were to teach students to identify the concepts of a clinical question and translate those concepts into the language of the database in order to find the 'best' literature of evidence-based medicine
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1695
T1  - Collaborating to create an online evidence-based medicine tutorial 52
A1  - Mayer,J.
A1  - Schardt,C.
A1  - Ladd,R.
Y1  - 2001///Summer
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 114202
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - North Carolina University at Chapel Hill
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - strategies
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 82
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Describes the development of a World Wide Web based tutorial, 'Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine' at North Carolina University at Chapel Hill, the objective of which is to provide an introduction to evidence based medicine (EBM) and the steps involved in the EBM process, to define EBM; to construct a well-built clinical question based on a patient problem; to identify search strategies that could improve MEDLINE retrieval; and identify key issues that help determine the validity of the evidence. The tutorial is available for clinical educational purposes [URL:http://www.hsl.unc.edu/ebm/index.htm]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1696
T1  - Case studies from morning report: librarians' role in helping residents find evidence-based clinical information 30
A1  - Atlas,Michel C.
A1  - Coleman,Mary T.
A1  - Smigielski,Elizabeth M.
A1  - Wulff,Judith L.
Y1  - 2003///Fall
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 261915
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Medicine
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Doctors
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Family
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Service
KW  - Information
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Leaders
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Publication
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching skills
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - In primary care specialties, Morning Report is a traditional vehicle for expanding medical residents' training in diagnosis and treatment. At one academic medical center, residents and faculty in the Department of Family and Community Medicine use case-based teaching, centered around planning and reviewing patient management, to review intriguing cases from patient encounters in the department's hospital service. Seeking to improve the level of evidence-based information exchanged at Morning Report, department leaders invited reference librarians from the health sciences library to attend weekly Morning Report. The librarians saw this as an opportunity not only to improve residents' information-seeking skills, but also to improve librarians' teaching skills and understanding of the needs of users in clinical settings. This paper describes the evolution of librarians' involvement in Morning Report, examples of the kinds of contributions librarians have made in this setting, and changes made in Morning Report sessions to facilitate this activity. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1697
T1  - Integration of information literacy into a revised medical school curriculum 31
A1  - Brown,Janis F.
A1  - Nelson,Janet L.
Y1  - 2003///Fall
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 261921
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - California
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Integration
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Keck School of Medicine
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - Skill
KW  - Southern California University
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - User training
KW  - users
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 74
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California's newly revised Year 1-2 curriculum integrates information literacy components based on the AAMC's medical informatics objectives throughout the two-year continuum. Students are required to participate in various components taught by librarians from the Norris Medical Library including (1) an information skills workshop, (2) a year long literature search project, and (3) an evidence-based medicine resources workshop. Critical appraisal of literature also is included in the curriculum to ensure that the students are familiar with the various research study designs. Librarians also provide resources to assist students in researching learning issues related to cases presented in the curriculum. To encourage the faculty mentors to serve as good models of information users, librarians offer brief training sessions on information resources to faculty. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1698
T1  - Teaching EBM teachers: a team approach 33
A1  - Dorsch,Josephine L.
A1  - Jacobson,Susan
A1  - Scherrer,Carol S.
Y1  - 2003///Summer
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030925 Accession Number: 229667
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - educational program
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Lecturers
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - participation
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teams
KW  - USA
KW  - User training
KW  - users
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 114
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
N2  - A collaborative Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) course, co-taught by medical and library faculty, targets the needs of health care and information professionals involved in teaching and practicing EBM by introducing concepts, methods and tools of the EBM process. The one-week course engages working teams of health care and information professionals in case-based activities to encourage participation in the learning process and the "Train the Trainer" approach of the course. The interdisciplinary partnership, both of teachers and learners, has led to a successful and effective educational program that accentuates the strengths and contributions of each group. Further research will determine whether this collaborative experience leads to ongoing partnerships between these professional groups in the clinical setting. (Copies of this article are available for a fee from the Haworth Document Delivery Service, Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, New York 13904-1580, USA; Email: [mailto:getinfo@haworthpressinc.com] ; Web site: http:/ /www.haworthpress.com). (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1699
T1  - Evaluation of evidence-based medicine search skills in the clinical years 21
A1  - Abate,Laura
A1  - Gomes,Alexandra
A1  - Linton,Anne M.
A1  - Mintz,Matthew
A1  - Wilson,Patricia H.
Y1  - 2004///Summer
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 293540
KW  - Administration
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - George Washington University
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Resident
KW  - Review
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teams
KW  - University libraries
KW  - USA
KW  - User training
KW  - Washington,DC
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 31
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
N2  - The librarians of the Health Sciences Library worked with the director of the Primary Care Clerkship to reinforce the principles of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) searching, taught during the first two years of medical school, through an intensive workshop. The purpose of the program was to ensure that students apply EBM principles in a timely and effective manner in clinical situations. Working in teams led by a resident and librarian, students researched real cases and then evaluated the effectiveness of their approach to the problems. This paper outlines the rationale for the team approach, reviews the administration of a computer-based workshop, and discusses the evaluation process. Evaluation focused on both the current workshop and its implications for the informatics program presented to students during years one and two. Copies of this article are available for a fee from the Haworth Document Delivery Service http: [mailto://docdelivery@haworthpress.com]. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1700
T1  - Evidence-based practice: a new paradigm brings new opportunities for health sciences librarians 16
A1  - Perry,Gerald J.
A1  - Kronenfeld,Michael R.
Y1  - 2005///Winter
N1  - ISSN: 0276-3869 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20060428 Accession Number: 407399
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Evolution
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health information
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Information work
KW  - Integration
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Model
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Science
KW  - Technology
KW  - trends
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
JF  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly.2003 Fall; 22(3): 63-74.(2 ref)
J1  - Medical Reference Services Quarterly
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
N2  - It is questionable whether the Evidence-Based Health Care model, whereby end users appraise all potentially pertinent information, is sustainable. A shift to an Evidence-Based Practice model, featuring a new medical knowledge base infrastructure facilitating rapid translation of clinical research into practice should be embraced. This shift would offer new opportunities for health sciences librarians. In this article, the authors: (1) review milestones in the evolution of the health sciences knowledge base; (2) review the evolution of the Evidence-Based Health Care/Practice model of health information utilization; and (3) discuss the significance and implications for health sciences librarians of trends towards an increasingly digital health information environment. The authors suggest new roles for health sciences librarians: partnering to integrate advanced information management technologies into the clinical enterprise and integration into the processes for developing these technologies. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1701
T1  - Caring for the Ethical Ideal: Nel Noddings on Moral Education 116
A1  - Bergman,Roger
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 0305-7240 Publisher: Customer Services for Taylor & Francis Group Journals, 325: Chestnut Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420: (Toll Free); Fax: 215-625-8914 Language: English Publication Type: 999 Journal Article; 141 Reports: Descriptive Accession Number: EJ681113 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Character
KW  - character education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Philosophy
KW  - educational practice
KW  - English
KW  - ethical ideal
KW  - Ethical Instruction
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evil
KW  - Insight
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Moral Development
KW  - moral education
KW  - Moral Values
KW  - Morality
KW  - Nel Noddings
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - philosophers
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Role of Education
KW  - self
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Values Education
KW  - Vision
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 162
JF  - Journal of Moral Education
VL  - v33 n2 p149-162 Jun 2004
N2  - Nel Noddings is arguably one of the premier philosophers of moral education in the English-speaking world today. Although she is outside the mainstream theory, research, and practice traditions of cognitive-developmentalism (the Kohlberg legacy) and of character education (which is in public ascendancy), her body of work is unrivalled for originality of insight, comprehensiveness and coherence. Whilst Carol Gilligan's In a different voice (1982) introduced the ethic of caring into academic and public discourse, it is Noddings 'who has done most to outline a specific feminist position on moral education' (McClellan, 1999, p. 104), and whose influence extends to educational practice. This essay explicates Noddings's vision in sufficient depth to make the foregoing claims credible. Thematic focus is given to her attention to the ethical self or ethical ideal. The paper also examines Noddings's perspective on character education and the need to incorporate a morality of evil into any serious educational philosophy or practice. It is less a critical appraisal of that vision and perspective than an invitation to others to more fully engage with Noddings's writings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1702
T1  - Moral and Civic Education--The Hidden Curriculum in Macau 109
A1  - Chi-Hou,Chan
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 0305-7240 Publisher: Customer Services for Taylor & Francis Group Journals, 325: Chestnut Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420: (Toll Free); Fax: 215-625-8914 Language: English Publication Type: 999 Journal Article; 141 Reports: Descriptive Accession Number: EJ681131 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Catholicism
KW  - challenge
KW  - civic education
KW  - Civics
KW  - Confucianism
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Ethical Instruction
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - History
KW  - Influences
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Moral Development
KW  - moral education
KW  - Moral Values
KW  - Morality
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Publication
KW  - Religion
KW  - social background
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Socioeconomic Background
KW  - Study
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 573
JF  - Journal of Moral Education
VL  - v33 n4 p553-573 Dec 2004
N2  - Macau, as a society, is a crossroads where East-West encounters have been taking place for centuries. This paper examines some of the contemporary issues and implications for moral education. After a brief introduction to the social background of Macau, the paper describes the characteristics of Macau's education in general and the development of its moral education in particular. This has taken place in the context of the strong influences on morality of both Catholicism and Confucianism. An outline of the current curriculum of moral and civic education is followed by a critical appraisal of its implementation over the last few years. By means of this case study of Macau, the paper argues that a communitarian-oriented morality in Macau is justified, and it also suggests how, by turning attention to its history, a minimal set of values can be constructed for Macau's particular social setting. Finally, some further educational challenges for Macau's future moral and civic education are reviewed
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1703
T1  - Nurses' use of the Internet in clinical ward settings 18
A1  - Black,Richard
A1  - Harrison,Joy M.
A1  - Morris-Docker,Sara B.
A1  - Tod,Angela
A1  - Wolstenholme,Dan
Y1  - 2004/10//
N1  - ISSN: 0309-2402 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 322897
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publication
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Sample
KW  - Skill
KW  - Software
KW  - Staff
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - Work
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 166
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
N2  - Background. The potential of the Internet as a fast and efficient way of accessing evidence to support nursing practice has been well recognized. In addition, nurses have highlighted the need for training in the use of information technology, information retrieval and critical appraisal as essential to their professional development. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present selected results of a longitudinal project that evaluated the impact of networked computers, with open access to the Internet, on four acute wards in a large UK teaching hospital. Method. Evaluation methods in the project included monitoring data from an Internet surveillance software package, a questionnaire survey with the nurses (n = 97) and in-depth interviews with a sample of nurses (n = 12). Findings. A complex picture was revealed of the nature of Internet use and the factors that nurses perceived as influencing this. The majority used the networked computers and some frequent users emerged. Nurses were able to use the technology during quiet periods throughout the day and night. Patterns of use were mixed, with nurses accessing the Internet for a combination of work and non-work-related activities. They integrated use of Internet technology into their working days in ways that appropriately fitted patterns of clinical activity. Factors relating to the organization, workplace culture and training were identified influencing Internet use. Conclusions. Open access to the Internet in the workplace emerged as a useful but unrefined tool for encouraging the retrieval of information for practice. Future development of this technology in the workplace must include support and training for professional staff in order to enhance the skills required. Recommendations are made about what and how training may be useful in promoting nurses' use of Internet technology in clinical settings. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1704
T1  - Nurses' use of online clinical evidence 22
A1  - Gosling,A.Sophie
A1  - Spencer,Rosemary
A1  - Westbrook,Johanna I.
Y1  - 2004/07//
N1  - ISSN: 0309-2402 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 296764
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Awareness
KW  - challenge
KW  - context
KW  - Convenience Sample
KW  - Culture
KW  - Diffusion of Innovation
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - innovation
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - New South Wales
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Role
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Publication
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Sample
KW  - Staff
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
KW  - Wales
KW  - Web sites
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 211
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
N2  - Background. The "information explosion" presents a significant challenge to the nursing profession. One way to assist access to information is to provide electronic information resources at the point of care. A large-scale survey of nurses working in the public health system in New South Wales, Australia, was undertaken as part of a 2-year evaluation of the Clinical Information Access Program (CIAP). This is a website which provides 24 hour, online access to a range of evidence sources at the point of care. Aim. This paper reports a study to investigate factors influencing nurses' use of online evidence available at the point of care and to examine differences between nurses in different roles. Method. Nurses from 65 randomly selected hospitals were surveyed. A convenience sample representing 25% of nursing staff at these hospitals was sought. Eighty-four per cent of the survey quota was met and 3128 questionnaires were completed and returned. Results. The results showed that 58% of nurses had heard of the CIAP and, of those, 70% had used the website's resources. Senior nurses had greater awareness and use than others. The most frequent reasons for use were to fill a knowledge gap and for personal education. Lack of training was the most frequently cited reason for not using the website. Use of online evidence, particularly amongst senior staff, was higher than reported in previous studies. Conclusion. Use of online evidence was associated with nursing role, and with managerial and organizational support. Diffusion of innovation theory can help to explain some of the patterns observed. The use and impact of online evidence should be interpreted in the context of nursing practice and culture. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1705
T1  - Continuing Professional Development: Suggestions for Effective Practice 117
A1  - Fleming,Scott
A1  - Shire,Jo
A1  - Jones,Dai
A1  - Pill,Amanda
A1  - McNamee,Mike
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 0309-877X Publisher: Customer Services for Taylor & Francis Group Journals, 325: Chestnut Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420: (Toll Free); Fax: 215-625-8914 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 142 Reports: Evaluative Accession Number: EJ680967 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - College Faculty
KW  - context
KW  - data
KW  - discourses
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty Development
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - meetings
KW  - Model
KW  - Observation
KW  - Organizational Structure
KW  - Paper
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - Perception
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Continuing Education
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publication
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - Study
KW  - teacher attitudes
KW  - Teacher Improvement
KW  - Teaching
KW  - trends
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 177
JA  - Journal of Further and Higher Education
VL  - v28 n2 p165-177 May 2004
N2  - Some of the recent debates and discourses about higher education have embraced the development of shared aims and values within the professional context. The opportunity to engage in critical reflexive pedagogy is being widely acknowledged as an important element in the continuing professional development in the sector. In this paper a case study model of professional development practice is outlined: the Teaching Development Group at the University of Gloucestershire. As part of a review of its own organizational structure for some aspects of professional development, a multi-method research project was undertaken during 2001. The first phase was a questionnaire survey of the university's academic staff to establish some baseline data and to plot general patterns and trends. This generated a database of 101 returns; a response rate of 31%. The second phase was a series of four 'focus group' meetings to develop a more nuanced understanding of the key themes and issues that emerged from the survey. These highlighted the positive spirit in which the scheme was received in the first instance, the difference of opinion over the direction taken by different groups and agenda setting, and some perceptions about a formal framework for teaching observation as part of on-going professional development. From the perceptions of preferences and/or optimal practice identified in the two phases of the research, a scheme of this kind has the potential to contribute effectively to professional development when appropriately resourced, small, cognate groups have autonomy and when there is a clear differentiation between on-going staff development and formal appraisal activities
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1706
T1  - Learning about the World of Work: Co-Opting School Students' Paid Work Experiences 107
A1  - Billett,Stephen
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - ISSN: 0311-6999 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 141 Reports: Descriptive Accession Number: EJ689649 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Career Exploration
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Education
KW  - Employment
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - Goals
KW  - High School
KW  - High School Student
KW  - High School Students
KW  - interactions
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Paper
KW  - Part Time Employment
KW  - Peers
KW  - Publication
KW  - relationships
KW  - School
KW  - school students
KW  - schools
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Experience
KW  - Students
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Experience
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 66
JA  - Australian Educational Researcher
VL  - v32 n1 p49-66 Apr 2005
N2  - This paper proposes co-opting high school students' paid part-time work experiences to develop their critical understanding of the world of work, beyond their schooling through post-school pathways. It argues that unlike work experience program or work placements organised through schools, students' paid part-time employment provides authentic workplace experiences that have the potential to inform students deeply and critically about the world of work. These experiences include the reciprocal obligations that arise from paid employment and, as such, provide a rich base for high school students to explore the world of work, relationships in the workplace, what constitutes more and less valued work and how work is organised and rewarded. The co-opting of students' work experiences for school-based activities may provide a useful base to explore the world of work both for those students who are employed part-time and those not employed in part-time work, but able to learn from their peers' experiences. To assist achieving these goals some pedagogic tools are required to effectively describe, analyse and illuminate these experiences in classroom settings. A way of describing and critically appraising this paid work is proposed through individual and collective consideration of the activities and interactions that constitute students' paid work experience. Given the difficulty of organising workplace placements and work experience programs, and the potentially richer outcomes, co-opting students' paid work experiences presents a viable and worthwhile resource available in most classrooms for learning more about the world of work
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1707
T1  - The role of librarians and information services in supporting (Evidence-based medicine: report by a participant in the EBM Research Librarian's Workshop). [In Japanese] 81
A1  - Tabei,K.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0386-2062 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 91754
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - curricula
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - play
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Training
KW  - users
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 281
JA  - Pharmaceutical Library Bulletin (Yakugaku Toshokan)
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
N2  - Librarians are well-placed to play a key role in the development of Evidence-based Medicine (EBM). Japan contributes to the Cochrane Collaboration but the Japanese Ministry of Welfare was concerned at the lack of training available for Japanese librarians in this area. A programme of materials and workshops has therefore been developed, aimed at 'Research Librarians', mainly those working in medical libraries. Evaluation of workshops and materials by users is an important part of the programme's development
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1708
T1  - Evidence-based medicine. [In Japanese] 66
A1  - Asai,Y.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - ISSN: 0386-2062 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 98984
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Publication
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 48
EP  - 51
JA  - Pharmaceutical Library Bulletin (Yakugaku Toshokan)
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been defined as 'the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients'. EBM involves the following steps: formalising the patient's problem, collection of evidence, critical appraisal of the evidence, application to the patient and evaluation. Librarians have an important role in gathering and sifting the information required for EBM and this can raise the general profile of librarians in society
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1709
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and information searching. [In Japanese] 58
A1  - Asai,Y.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 0386-2062 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 114161
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Databases
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - principles
KW  - Publication
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Role in
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Training
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 46
EP  - 49
JA  - Pharmaceutical Library Bulletin (Yakugaku Toshokan)
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
N2  - Paper given at the 2000 Nihon Yakugaku Toshokan Kyogikai (Japan Pharmaceutical Library Association) Study Conference Core Staff Training Meeting. The principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM) are set out and relevant databases such as the Cochrane Library, Best Evidence, Up-to-date, PubMed Clinical Queries and Clinical Evidence are described. More librarians should be trained in the skills of identifying randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and assessing the validity of a research design which is a crucial element in assessing the value of results
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1710
T1  - EBM in the pharmaceutical: hope to the research librarian. [In Japanese] 57
A1  - Matsumoto,K.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 0386-2062 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 114160
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Hope
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Study
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 34
JA  - Pharmaceutical Library Bulletin (Yakugaku Toshokan)
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
N2  - Paper given at the 2000 Nihon Yakugaku Toshokan Kyogikai (Japan Pharmaceutical Library Association) Study Conference. Librarians have an important role in gathering information for evidence-based medicine and are also being trained in critical appraisal. A survey of Tokyo hospitals and pharmacies found only 83 per cent of pharmacies used computers and only 16 per cent used the Internet, while 56 per cent of hospitals used the Internet. 67 per cent of hospitals and pharmacies had difficulties accessing information. There is a clear need for more research librarians
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1711
T1  - The Use of Reflective Journals in Initial Teacher Training 184
A1  - Harland,Frances
A1  - Myhill,Debra
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - ISSN: 0425-0494 Language: English Publication Type: 120 Opinion Papers; 080 Journal Articles Accession Number: EJ540733 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - higher education
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Writing
KW  - Language
KW  - Paper
KW  - Preservice Teacher Education
KW  - Publication
KW  - Role
KW  - Self Evaluation (Individuals)
KW  - Student
KW  - Student Journals
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher training
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 11
JA  - English in Education
VL  - v31 n1 p4-11 Spr 1997
N2  - Examines the role of reflective journals in initial teacher training courses, and, in particular, how they can enable students to develop critical independence for professional self-appraisal. (TB)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1712
T1  - Report on the workshop for the role and training of research librarians in evidence-based medicine in Japan. [In Japanese] 71
A1  - Okada,H.
Y1  - 1999/09//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 93882
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Attention
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - curricula
KW  - Databases
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Information work
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Librarianship
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 269
EP  - 271
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
N2  - Part of a series of articles for Japanese medical librarians entitled, 'Brush up our professional skills.' Report of the March 1999 workshop organised by the Japanese Ministry of Welfare on the librarian's role in Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) provision. The concepts underlying EBM were set out. The work of the Cochrane collaboration, especially the importance of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), was explained and participants discussed ways of identifying RCTs in various databases. EBM focuses attention on the librarian's role in information dissemination
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1713
T1  - Role and training of research librarians in evidence-based medicine in Japan: creation and evaluation of a workshop program. [In Japanese] 75
A1  - Sakamaki,H.
A1  - Tsutani,K.
A1  - Yamazaki,S.
A1  - Hirose,M.
A1  - Uyama,K.
A1  - Nakajima,H.
Y1  - 1999/06//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 91860
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - curricula
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - United States
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 208
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
N2  - A workshop attended by 39 librarians took place in Tokyo, 23-25 March 1999, to address the urgent need to train Japanese librarians in the creation of systematic reviews as a basis for evidence-based medicine. Models from the United States and UK, notably the Cochrane Collaboration, were discussed. The workshop programme considered 3 core areas: design, information and action. Some areas of difference were highlighted between the planned database design and user requirements and these will be taken into account
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1714
T1  - Report of the Sixth Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Workshop. [In Japanese] 60
A1  - Eguchi,A.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 112241
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - Checklist
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical appraisal skills programme workshop,2000
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Publication
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 435
EP  - 438
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
N2  - The Sixth Japanese Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Workshop took place in Nagoya, Japan, 22-3 July 2000. CASP aims to give librarians the appraisal skills necessary to identify evidence-based medicine. The 11 point checklist used to ascertain reliability, clarity of results and personal opinions is explained. Lectures covered use of statistics, identifying bias and use of PubMed Medline
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1715
T1  - EBM (Evidence-based Medicine) and the research librarian. [In Japanese] 49
A1  - Kumagai,C.
Y1  - 2001/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020514 Accession Number: 122691
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Databases
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Government
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 387
EP  - 392
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
N2  - The rise of evidence-based medicine (EBM) has led the Japanese government to sponsor training for research librarians. Research librarians will help identify Japanese evidence-based medical research and organise databases. Research librarians could also be involved in critical appraisal and guideline preparation. Various training workshops are available. Topics arising recently include dissemination of evidence, the Cochrane Library, hand searching and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). In the EBM context, research librarians will work with the newly-defined Clinical Research Co-ordinators
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1716
T1  - What is EBM? Medical library and EBM. [In Japanese] 48
A1  - Mise,J.
Y1  - 2001/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020514 Accession Number: 122690
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Information work
KW  - interest
KW  - Into
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technology
KW  - Welfare
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 377
EP  - 386
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
N2  - During the past 10 years the phrase EBM (Evidence-based medicine) has become popular in Japan with both the Ministry of Health and Welfare and pharmaceutical companies showing interest. There are five steps in EBM: 1) formulation of medical questions; 2) searching for good evidence; 3) critical appraisal of the information; 4) putting evidence into practice; 5) verification of appropriateness. Barriers to adoption of EBM in Japan include information technology difficulties, search skills, language, poor structure of Japanese databases and medical resistance. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1717
T1  - What's the informationist? A new role for medical librarians: report of a lecture by Pamela C. Sieving 41
A1  - Ohta,Y.
Y1  - 2002/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030623 Accession Number: 134894
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical informationists
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Informationists
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Role
KW  - Teams
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 392
EP  - 395
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
N2  - Report of a lecture to Japanese librarians on 2 August 2002 by Pamela C. Sieving, the first informationist at the American National Institutes of Health Library. The informationist role is a development from the clinical librarian. Clinical informationists are necessary to cope with rapidly increasing amounts of medical information. They work with primary care teams and have both clinical and library training. Research informationists provide research support. Japan has no national medical library to lead and support such developments. Original article in Japanese. Ori ginal article in Japanese. Original article in Japanese
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1718
T1  - Preparing an evidence-based medicine web tutorial for Japanese 40
A1  - Okude,M.
Y1  - 2002/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030623 Accession Number: 134880
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Drawing
KW  - English language
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - Japan
KW  - Japanese language
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Searching
KW  - Training
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 302
EP  - 304
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
N2  - In 2001 a group of Japanese librarians created the LITERIS web site, http://www.hosplib.org/literis, bringing together links to medical information for Japanese librarians and hosting a bulletin board. Following requests, a Japanese web tutorial on evidence-based medicine for librarians is being compiled, drawing on English-language resources from 5 American sites and developing them for the Japanese context. It focuses on developing questions, searching for information and critical appraisal. Original article in Japanese
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1719
T1  - Effect of librarian attendance at EBM workshops at the University Graduate School of Medicine 38
A1  - Fukuhara,Shun'ichi
A1  - Kodanaka,Tetsuya
A1  - Nakayama,Takeo
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20031023 Accession Number: 233770
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital libraries
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Kyoto University
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Publication
KW  - Responses
KW  - School
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 150
EP  - 154
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
N2  - Librarians from Japanese hospital libraries have been involved in evidence-based medicine workshops at Kyoto University Graduate Medical School. The workshops have 2 parts: finding the evidence and assessing the evidence. the programmes are outlined and examples of exercises given. Students' responses to the course are surveyed and comments on literature searching are recorded. It is good for librarians to be involved in such courses and they can learn from students' problem-solving skills. Original article in Japanese
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1720
T1  - New information specialists: informationists, their roles and activities from the viewpoint of evidence-based medicine 29
A1  - Nozoe,Atsutake
Y1  - 2003/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 259819
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Information work
KW  - Informationists
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Library Association
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 341
EP  - 347
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
N2  - The concept of the informationist was introduced by Davidoff and Florance in "Annals of Internal Medicine" 132, 2000. The American Medical Library Association held a conference in 2002 attempting to define the subject further and identifying key skills and training. The information service at Vanderbilt University aims to support evidence-based medicine. The American National Institutes of Health are also promoting the informationist role. Developing the concept of the informationist is seen as a method of establishing advanced, in-context information services. Original article in Japanese
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1721
T1  - Summary of the era of EBM cradle in Japan 6
A1  - Kawai,Fujimi
Y1  - 2005/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0445-2429 Language: Japanese Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20060324 Accession Number: 406785
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - History
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Information work
KW  - Japan
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mind
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 364
EP  - 368
JA  - Igaku Toshokan (Journal of the Japan Medical Library Association)
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
N2  - Paper presented at the 22nd Meeting on Medical Information Services, 2005. History of the development of Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) in Japan. The 1st EBM workshop was held in Japan in 1997 and in March 1999 the 1st "Research Librarians' Workshop" was held. However, maybe only about 100 librarians have had this EBM-related training. Interesting EBM projects include the Database of Japanese Randomized Controlled Trials J-RCT, librarians' involvement in the development of clinical guidelines, the Japan Council for Quality Health Care MINDS service, and the development of patient information services. Original article in Japanese
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1722
T1  - Skills for a virtual future 92
A1  - Palmer,J.
Y1  - 1997///Winter
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 71843
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Canada
KW  - Culture
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - National health services
KW  - On
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publication
KW  - reform
KW  - Skill
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 62
EP  - 65
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
N2  - Based on a session 'Skills for a virtual future' at the Canadian Health Libraries Association conference, Vancouver, Canada, 28 May - 1 June 1997. The National Health Service (NHS) reforms in the UK have promoted the need for a much broader evidence-based approach to health care decisions with the support of several national information centres. This evidence-based culture impacts libraries and librarians requiring new attitudes, new services and new skills. Describes an innovative programme, 'The librarian of the Twentyfirst century' developed for librarians in the Anglia and Oxford NHS Region, focusing on continuing professional development and the skills needed by the librarian in years to come. Discusses programme design, evaluation and benefits
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1723
T1  - Evidence-based medicine quality filters in MEDLINE records: theory, practice and practical reality 86
A1  - Buckingham,J.
Y1  - 1998///Fall
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 81233
KW  - Alberta
KW  - Alberta University
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Filters
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Online databases
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional education
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - Scott Health Sciences Library
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University libraries
KW  - Use
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 11
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - Describes experience in the preparation of a toolkit for teaching evidence-based medicine in the Scott Health Sciences Library at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, during 1996. This comprized editing the toolkit, writing some sections and devising hedges to filter out better quality clinical research articles from MEDLINE. Discusses findings, how they were used and the subsequent development and use of the Evidence-Based-Medicine Toolkit
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1724
T1  - Taking the library to the bedside: our experience with promoting evidence-based practice through literature databases 74
A1  - Maragno,J.
A1  - Mitchell,C.
A1  - Lewis,D.
Y1  - 1999///Summer
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 89845
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - College
KW  - Databases
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Literature
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - McMaster University,Ontario
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Ontario
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - quotes
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Technology
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University libraries
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 187
EP  - 188
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
N2  - St Joseph's Hospital is a teaching hospital in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and is affiliated with the Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster University has led the development of evidence-based practice and affiliated hospitals have been affected. Looks at the role of the Library Services of St Joseph's Hospital in the promotion of evidence-based practice, the expansion of the Library's database selection, and in bringing the technology to the point of care during a period of financial restraint. (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1725
T1  - Centres for Health Evidence Demonstration Project 82
A1  - Stewart,T.
A1  - Koufogiannakis,D.
A1  - Hayward,R.S.A.
Y1  - 1999///Winter
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 98164
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Centres for Health Evidence Demonstration project,Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - Computerized information retrieval
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - reform
KW  - Searching
KW  - Use
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 300
EP  - 302
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
N2  - While the National Plan on Health has placed evidence-based practice as a key issue in Canadian health care reform, many practitioners cannot find the information they need when they need it or lack the education to make prudent use of this evidence. Describes the Centres for Health Evidence Demonstration project which seeks to address these challenges. Defines a centre for health evidence (CHE), describes a CHE programme and how it is structured, and how outcomes will be treated
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1726
T1  - Teaching EBP: Part 2: matching electronic resources to the well-built clinical question 54
A1  - Crumley,E.
A1  - Koufogiannakis,D.
A1  - Buckingham,J.
Y1  - 2001///Spring
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 113971
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - Databases
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Filters
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Searching
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Translating
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 116
EP  - 120
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - Part 2 of an article on teaching evidence-based practice (EBP) which focuses on the process of translating information from the scenario into a well-built clinical question and determining into which domain it falls. Looks at general principles of EBP and describes the various domains concerned, which include: therapy; harm/etiology; prognosis; and diagnosis. Discusses the question of searching for the best evidence or matching resources to question types, given the large number of databases available, and looks at the introduction of quality filters into the searching technique to help identify the best resources. Describes the critical evaluation of the information that results from the search which is the last step in the EBP process
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1727
T1  - The teachable moment: the nursing intervention at Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba 53
A1  - Hodgson,A.L.
A1  - Rothney,P.
A1  - Crumley,E.T.
Y1  - 2001///Summer
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 116376
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - challenge
KW  - children
KW  - Computerized information retrieval
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital libraries
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Manitoba University at Winnipeg
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Staff
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - quotes
KW  - Searching
KW  - Staff
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University libraries
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 159
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
N2  - The Canadian Centres for Health Evidence is a health informatics initiative currently active at two hospitals at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg. The main goal of the project is to facilitate, disseminate and educate health care professionals about evidence-based practice. Describes librarian-generated initiatives with the nursing staff and looks at some of the accompanying challenges. (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1728
T1  - How to teach evidence-based clinical practice 2002 at McMaster University: three librarian participants 37
A1  - Angers,Viviane
A1  - Clar,Monique
A1  - Pontbriand,France
Y1  - 2003///Spring
N1  - ISSN: 0707-3674 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 283154
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Doctors
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Librarianship
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - quotes
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 139
EP  - 140
JA  - Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
N2  - Reports briefly on the outcome of an intensive week of training as part of the seminar, How to teach evidence-based clinical practice, held at McMaster University, Canada, June 2002, which mainly involved doctors and nurses from different specializations, but also involved librarians for the first time in this workshop series. Describes the organization of the week, the tutor librarians, what was learned, and applications. Concludes that the one week of training helped the participating librarians to improve their knowledge of evidence-based clinical practice. (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1729
T1  - The Relationship between Critical Thinking Abilities, Dispositional Traits, and the Career States of Part-Time Adult Learners 150
A1  - Duffy,Jean Ann
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - ISSN: 0737-7363 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ600752 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Students
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - California
KW  - Career
KW  - Career Stages
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Language
KW  - Part Time Students
KW  - Personality Traits
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 29
JA  - Journal of Continuing Higher Education
VL  - v48 n1 p24-29 Win 2000
N2  - Continuing education students (n=73) identified their career state and completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Most were at career plateau or indecision stages. The ability to recognize assumptions, appraise situations, and make judgments was related to career state. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1730
T1  - The Significant Role of Critical Thinking in Predicting Auditing Students' Performance 177
A1  - Jenkins,Elizabeth K.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - ISSN: 0883-2323 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ565931 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Academic Achievement
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Auditors
KW  - Average
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - data
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Gender
KW  - Grade Point Average
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - On
KW  - Performance
KW  - Predictor Variables
KW  - Publication
KW  - Regression
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - Scores
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 79
JA  - Journal of Education for Business
VL  - v73 n5 p274-79 May-Jun 1998
N2  - Scores on the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and other data from 96 students in an auditing class were subjected to multiple regression analysis. Students with higher scores and grade point averages (GPAs) performed better on the third and fourth exams; only GPA predicted performance on the first two exams. Age and gender were not significant. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1731
T1  - On call for the doctors 61
A1  - Halliday,L.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - ISSN: 0950-9879 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 115083
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - Cats
KW  - Centre for Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Communication
KW  - content
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - Doctors
KW  - EboC
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based On Call
KW  - expertise
KW  - form
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Integration
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Profession
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Online databases
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quotes
KW  - Technology
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 48
EP  - 49
JA  - Information World Review
IS  - 164
N2  - Although evidence based medicine (EBM) is the integration of the best available external evidence with clinical expertise, the medical information that underpins EBM is both vast and scattered. One solution adopted by the medical profession has been to concentrate publishing relevant content in specialist EBM periodicals and the publishing of the best and most useful articles in the literature in the form of one-page summaries or critically appraised topics (CAT). An extension to this approach has been the launching of Evidence Based On Call (EboC), the latest product to be launched by the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM) at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, which streamlines the creation and delivery of CATs using networked communications technology. The World Wide Web based electronic editorial system allows authors worldwide to create CATs, upload the content and publish electronically. (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1732
T1  - The moving staircase: Problems of appraisal and evaluation in a turbulent environment 79
A1  - Farbey,B.
A1  - Land,F.
A1  - Targett,D.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0959-3845 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 89172
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - On
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Publication
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Trust
KW  - UK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
EP  - 252
JA  - Information Technology and People
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - Article included in an issue devoted to the theme: evidence based medicine (EBM). Considers the problems of evaluating the benefits of an investment in information technology and systems against a background of institutional change, based on a case study in the National Health Service (NHS), UK, and follows the progress of a project to introduce benefits realisation in NHS Trusts. The case illustrates the importance of personal, hands on attention to benefits management and calls attention to the different contingencies faced by managers in attempting to introduce evaluation or benefits realisation schemes. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1733
T1  - Patterns of improvisation for evidence-based practice in clinical settings 80
A1  - Lau,F.
A1  - Doze,S.
A1  - Vincent,D.
A1  - Wilson,D.
A1  - Noseworthy,T.
A1  - Hayward,R.
A1  - Penn,A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0959-3845 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 89175
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Experience
KW  - Foundations
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Information work
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 303
JA  - Information Technology and People
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - Article included in an issue devoted to the theme: evidence based medicine (EBM). Describes the experience gained in a two year research study to introduce evidence based medicine (EBM) through a set of electronic information tools into two Canadian health regions. The improvisational model of technological change by Orlikowski and Hofman is used to provide the conceptual foundations for understanding the pattern of evolution associated with the tools observed in these two settings over time. Key areas to consider when changing practice identified from this study are time availability, intended use, adequate training, clinical champions, work practice fit, system refinement, around the clock support and environment influence. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1734
T1  - Evidence-based practice 78
A1  - Louw,G.
A1  - Farbey,B.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 0959-3845 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 89171
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Searching
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 237
JA  - Information Technology and People
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - Article included in an issue devoted to the theme: evidence based medicine (EBM). Briefly reviews the elements comprising the study of evidence based medicine (EBM) and the role of information services. Discusses EBM as a response to new organizational forms and pressures, as cultural change and as an information system. Concludes that the main components of EBM are: forming the appropriate questions; searching the literature; appraising the studies; collating and combining the data; implementing the results; and evaluating them
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1735
T1  - Graduate Medical Education Training in Clinical Epidemiology, Critical Appraisal, and Evidence-Based Medicine: A Critical Review of Curricula 168
A1  - Green,Michael L.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 1040-2446 Language: English Publication Type: 070 Information Analyses; 080 Journal Articles Accession Number: EJ588144 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - Allied Health Occupations Education
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Teaching (Health Professions)
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Design
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - higher education
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Professional education
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 94
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - v74 n6 p686-94 Jun 1999
N2  - A study systematically reviewed published literature on graduate medical-education curricula in clinical epidemiology, critical appraisal, and evidence-based medicine (EBM). The 18 reports found in the search provide useful guidelines for medical educators but many suffer from incomplete descriptions and inadequate curriculum evaluations. Curricula often focused on critical appraisal to the exclusion of other EBM skills and had limited effectiveness. (Author/MSE)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1736
T1  - A Web-Based Compendium of Clinical Questions and Medical Evidence To Educate Internal Medicine Residents 120
A1  - Crowley,Steven H.
A1  - Owens,Thomas A.
A1  - Schardt,Connie M.
A1  - Wardell,Sarah I.
A1  - Peterson,Josh
A1  - Garrison,Scott
A1  - Keitz,Sheri A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - ISSN: 1040-2446 Notes: Theme issue titled "Education Technology." Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 142 Reports: Evaluative Accession Number: EJ666420 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Clinical Diagnosis
KW  - Computer Uses in Education
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Databases
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational technology
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Evaluation
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Note
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - Use
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 74
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - v78 n3 p270-74 Mar 2003
N2  - Describes an electronic database of clinical questions (CQs) and medical evidence, the Critical Appraisal Resource (CAR). Evaluation of ten months of use found that medical residents did engage the medical literature on behalf of their patients, which influenced approximately half of their patient-care decisions. (EV)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1737
T1  - Developing Critical Thinking Skills of Tech Prep Students Using Applied Communications 140
A1  - Gelven,Don R.
A1  - Stewart,Bob R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 1071-6084 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ642564 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - Applied Communication
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Communication
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - English instruction
KW  - High School Students
KW  - high schools
KW  - Honors Curriculum
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Self Evaluation (Individuals)
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Tech Prep
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 07
JA  - Journal of Technology Studies
VL  - v27 n2 p102-07 Sum-Fall 2001
N2  - The Problem-Solving Inventory and Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal were administered to 53 honors English, 43 traditional English, and 40 applied communications students. Critical thinking skills in none of the groups were significantly changed during the school year. A longer time frame and training in self-appraisal were suggested. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1738
T1  - Personality Traits and Critical Thinking Skills in College Students: Empirical Tests of a Two-Factor Theory 115
A1  - Clifford,Jennifer S.
A1  - Boufal,Magdalen M.
A1  - Kurtz,John E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 1073-1911 Publisher: Sage Publications, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel:: 800-818-7243 (Toll Free); Fax: 800-583-2665 (Toll Free) Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ689729 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adult
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - cognitive abilities
KW  - Cognitive Ability
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - Comprehension
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - dispositions
KW  - Education
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Factor Analysis
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - Personality
KW  - Personality Inventory
KW  - Personality Traits
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Regression
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Support
KW  - Scores
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - undergraduate students
KW  - Variance
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 176
JF  - Assessment
VL  - v11 n2 p169-176 Jun 2004
N2  - The two-factor theory defines critical thinking skills as a combined effect of cognitive abilities and personality dispositions. Although the available research supports the association between critical thinking and measures of cognitive ability, the specific traits contained in the dispositional factor have not been clearly identified through empirical research. In Study 1, 101 undergraduate students completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), three subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, and the revised NEO Personality Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that Openness to Experience scores accounted for significant incremental variance in WGCTA scores beyond that accounted for by Similarities subtest scores. In Study 2, similar analyses of data from 105 students also showed significant incremental effects for Openness to Experience, even after more variance in the cognitive factor was accounted for by the Verbal Comprehension Index. Implications of these findings for the enhancement of critical thinking skills in college students are discussed
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1739
T1  - Evidence-based medicine 101: let the Net be your teacher 89
A1  - Kurkul,D.L.
Y1  - 1998/04//
N1  - ISSN: 1085-3502 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 72301
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Centre for Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - College
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Florida
KW  - Home
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
KW  - Web sites
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 18
EP  - 20
JA  - Medicine on the Net
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
N2  - Briefly reviews 3 Web sites devoted specifically to evidence based medicine: Southern Florida University College of Medicine [URL:http://www.med.usf.edu/CLASS/Gene/ebm.htm#approach]; McMaster University EBM Home Page [URL:http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/ebm /default.htm]; and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine [URL:http:/ /cebm.jr2.ox.ac.uk/]. Reviews 6 additional Web sites with information relating to evidence based medicine
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1740
T1  - Examining the Exam: A Critical Look at the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Exam 146
A1  - Fawkes,Don
A1  - Adajian,Tom
A1  - Flage,Dan
A1  - Hoeltzel,Steven
A1  - Knorpp,Bill
A1  - O'Meara,Bill
A1  - Weber,Dave
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 1093-1082 Publisher: College of Education and Behavioral Science, Morehead State: University, Morehead, KY 40351 Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 142 Reports: Evaluative Accession Number: EJ651791 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - College
KW  - Confusion
KW  - content
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Note
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Science
KW  - Test Reviews
KW  - Test Selection
KW  - test validity
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Use
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 33
JF  - Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines
VL  - v20 n4 p19-33 Sum 2001
N2  - Examines the content of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal exam (1980). Finds the content of this exam defective in a number of areas. Notes that the exam creates confusion and makes basic errors in critical thinking, and therefore, lacks content quality in these areas. Recommends the use of several tests, rather than one. (SG)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1741
T1  - Use of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal with BSN Students 166
A1  - Frye,Barbara
A1  - Alfred,Nancy
A1  - Campbell,Margaret
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - ISSN: 1094-2831 Notes: Theme: Learning and Teaching Critical Thinking Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ592615 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - higher education
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Note
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Education
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Publication
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Undergraduate Study
KW  - Use
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 55
JA  - Nursing and Health Care Perspectives
VL  - v20 n5 p253-55 Sep-Oct 1999
N2  - A cross-sectional study of 132 freshman and 77 senior nursing students and a longitudinal study of 27 students tested at entry and graduation using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal found significant differences in recognition of assumptions, deduction, and interpretation between program entry and graduation. (SK)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1742
T1  - Virtual evidence: helping primary care practitioners access and implement evidence-based information 68
A1  - Farrell,L.
A1  - Cunningham,M.
A1  - Haigh,V.
A1  - Irozuru,E.
A1  - Cuffin,T.R.
Y1  - 1999/12//
N1  - ISSN: 1355-4743 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 95618
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - e-STABLISH
KW  - Electronic Mail
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Information
KW  - Information sources
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Mail
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - National Health Service,UK
KW  - National health services
KW  - Networks
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - Publication
KW  - Staff
KW  - Technology
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 188
EP  - 192
JF  - Health Informatics Journal.2001 Mar; 7(1): 29-36.(24 ref)
J1  - Health Informatics Journal
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - e-STABLISH is a two-year pilot project funded by the UK's National Health Service Executive (North West) to set up a Local Multidisciplinary Evidence Centre (LMEC) across the Salford and Trafford district the aim being to provide primary health care team members (PHCTs) and community staff with improved access to evidence based medicine information sources from their workplaces. During April 1998 to March 1999, sites were linked and staff trained and the second year will determine whether access to this information has been improved. Discusses the information technology (IT) infrastructure that has been set up, the training courses provided and the library services that have been developed. Concludes with details of the major lessons learnt and evaluations that will be taking place. (The author may be contacted by electronic mail at [mailto:Liz.farrell@ph.satha.nwest.nhs.uk]). (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1743
T1  - Health informatics and evidence-based medicine: more than a marriage of convenience? 51
A1  - Georgiou,A.
Y1  - 2001/09//
N1  - ISSN: 1355-4743 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020429 Accession Number: 121915
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computerized information work
KW  - consequence
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Publication
KW  - Science
KW  - Technology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 127
EP  - 130
JF  - Health Informatics Journal.2001 Mar; 7(1): 29-36.(24 ref)
J1  - Health Informatics Journal
VL  - 7
IS  - 3/4
N2  - The importance of informatics in health care is more than just a consequence of rapid information technology (IT) developments over recent decades. Informatics related activities are located at the very heart of health care and involve biomedical sciences, computer sciences and health care policy and management. Evidence based medicine (EBM) may be defined as the explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The key principles of EBM, from finding, appraising and using research-based knowledge, to establishing systems for managing medical knowledge and promoting and facilitating evidence-based decision making, have parallel informatics functions. These have been described as knowledge browsing, messaging and counting. Health informatics can be described as the motivating force driving EBM. As a consequence of this health informatics is embroiled in an intense social and medical dialogue about the very basis of scientific method, theory and practice of medicine. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1744
T1  - Working towards the informationist 4
A1  - Oliver,Kathleen B.
A1  - Roderer,Nancy K.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - ISSN: 1460-4582 Language: English Publication Type: Journal article Publisher: Sage Publications Inc P2: Publisher Email: [mailto:journals@sagepub.com] Update: 20060522 Accession Number: 411558
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Career
KW  - definition
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Informationists
KW  - Integration
KW  - Into
KW  - Johns Hopkins University
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Maryland
KW  - medical schools
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - professionals
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - TYPES OF STAFF
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - vol
EP  - 48, Mar
JA  - Health Informatics Journal, vol.12, no.1, pp.41-48, Mar 2006
N2  - Current information is a critical component of good healthcare. In this article we offer a definition of a new health professional, the "informationist", whose function it is to ensure evidence-based health practice. We describe the literature and discussions that led to the proposal of this new role, and offer a description of the steps being taken to further elaborate this career. In particular, we describe efforts at Johns Hopkins to train informationists and informaticists and to offer services that lead to the integration of these and other information professionals into clinical care, public health and research. (Author abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1745
T1  - Experimenting with new paradigms for medical education and the emergence of a distance learning degree using the internet: teaching evidence-based medicine 47
A1  - Berland,Yvon
A1  - Botti,Genevieve
A1  - Fieschi,Marius
A1  - Fieschi,Dominique
A1  - Giorgi,Roch
A1  - Gouvernet,Joanny
A1  - Soula,Gerard
A1  - Volot,Francoise
Y1  - 2002/01/01/
N1  - ISSN: 1463-9238 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 306934
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Applications
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - content
KW  - Distance learning
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational technology
KW  - Electronic Mail
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Mail
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Publication
KW  - Software
KW  - Student
KW  - student assessment
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduates
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
JA  - Medical Informatics and The Internet in Medicine
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - This paper is focused on designing and developing a teaching environment associated with an introductory course in evidence-based medicine designed for undergraduates. Attempting to break away from the traditional educational model based on acquisition of factual knowledge, we developed a software tool centred on content management, student assessment and feedback. We ran this course on an educational website, using chat rooms and electronic mail for trainer-trainee communication over one academic year. The website served as a repository for knowledge and information and presented freestanding web-based interactive study modules and a non-interactive degree course. Trainers and trainees responded favourably to the computer applications and the Internet. This project demonstrated the feasibility of computer-aided learning and the advantages of distance teaching over the Internet. (Original abstract
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1746
T1  - A clinical librarian can support clinical governance 59
A1  - Ward,L.M.
A1  - Honeybourne,C.J.
A1  - Harrison,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - ISSN: 1466-4100 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 120371
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Governance
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - meetings
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Outreach services
KW  - practice
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Trust
KW  - UK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 248
EP  - 251
JA  - British Journal of Clinical Governance
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - Tests the feasibility of an outreach clinical librarian service in an acute hospital setting, providing quality filtered research evidence at the point of clinical need. The design was based on a 6-month pilot with professional librarians attending clinical meetings responding to information needs raised there by providing appraised summaries of the published evidence, with full text and bibliographic material as appropriate. The main outcomes were usage statistics and clinicians' evaluation via a 23-question questionnaire completed each month seeking overall views of the service. Practical issues regarding the provision of the service were also tested. Concludes that an outreach information service in the clinical setting can meet the clinical governance agenda of the Trust by supporting evidence-based practice, teaching and learning and continuing professional development. Earlier models of service are adapted to make the service cost-effective. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1747
T1  - Research 50
A1  - Booth,A.
A1  - Brice,A.
Y1  - 2001/09//
N1  - ISSN: 1471-1834 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 117977
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library materials
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - On
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Sheffield University
KW  - Skill
KW  - Solutions
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - testing
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 177
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - Outlines the background to the CRItical Skills Training in Appraisal for Librarians project (CriSTAL), an unfunded research project conducted by the School of Health and Related Research, Sheffield University, and the Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford University in order to remove barriers preventing librarians in the UK national health service from engaging in the appraisal of medical research literature. Describes the development of an appraisal tool and its testing at two pilot workshops, which were modelled on the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) format used in training health professionals. Both the appraisal tool and training through workshops were shown to be valuable and solutions are being sought to a number of concerns voiced by participants. However, the further success of CriSTAL requires the production of rigorous, usable research studies
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1748
T1  - The role of the information specialist in the systematic review process: a health information case study 35
A1  - Bath,P.A.
A1  - Beverley,C.A.
A1  - Booth,A.
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - ISSN: 1471-1834 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 262734
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Centre for Health Information Management Research
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health information
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Roles
KW  - Sheffield University
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - UK
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 74
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - There is an increasing body of literature on the information specialist's role in supporting evidence-based health care. In particular, the information component in systematic reviews has received considerable attention in recent years. Information professionals have evolved from simply acting as "evidence locators" and "resource providers" to being quality literature filterers, critical appraisers, educators, disseminators, and even change managers. This paper describes ten possible roles for information professionals in the systematic review process, using a case study of a review of the health information needs of visually impaired people carried out by the Centre for Health Information Management Research (CHIMR) at the University of Sheffield. This health information review was undertaken entirely by a team of information professionals. The ten roles identified are: project leader, project manager, literature searcher, reference manager, document supplier, critical appraiser, data extractor, data synthesiser, report writer and disseminator. This review has also identified an eleventh possible role for information professionals; that of primary researcher. Finally, the implications for evidence-based health care and evidence-based health informatics are discussed. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1749
T1  - Incorporating the views of obstetric clinicians in implementing evidence-supported labour and delivery suite ward rounds: a case study 36
A1  - Deshpande,Neelima
A1  - Gee,Harry
A1  - Khan,Khalid S.
A1  - Publicover,Mary
Y1  - 2003/06//
N1  - ISSN: 1471-1834 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 262736
KW  - Affect
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Doctors
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Fear
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information work
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Motivation
KW  - National health services
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Responses
KW  - Role
KW  - scepticism
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - UK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 86
EP  - 94
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Objectives: To implement evidence-supported delivery suite ward rounds using strategies to overcome barriers. Design: Qualitative case study to identify barriers and a quantitative assessment of outcomes on ward rounds. Method: After an introduction to the proposed evidence-supported delivery suite ward round reactions were elicited from 15 clinicians. Responses were categorized into barriers related to knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviour. Using strategies to overcome these barriers, a weekly evidence-supported ward round was established. During patient-centred discussions, clinical questions were formulated. Following literature searches, evidence was acquired and appraised. Results: Clinicians had limited awareness about the potential benefits of a clinical librarian's support during ward rounds. They were unsure of their skills in evidence-based practice. There was scepticism, fear of loss of autonomy, poor motivation and resistance to change. Clinicians identified several factors that could impinge on their practice. Using appropriate strategies when evidence-supported ward rounds were conducted, 67 questions were raised. However, only seven articles were appraised in time to affect decisions on that ward round. Conclusions: Knowledge of barriers was helpful in developing plans for implementation of evidence-supported ward rounds. The pilot study indicates the feasibility of this approach. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1750
T1  - Effect of an evidence-based answering service on GPs and their patients: a pilot study 20
A1  - Schilling,Jan
A1  - Verhoeven,Anita A.H.
Y1  - 2004/09//
N1  - ISSN: 1471-1834 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 309932
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - daily practice
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - Information work
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - mediator
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pilot Studies
KW  - Pilot Study
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Searching
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - User surveys
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 35
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 21
IS  - Supplement 2
N2  - Objectives: For general practitioners (GPs), an important obstacle to practising evidence-based medicine is lack of time. An evidence-based answering service was developed that took over searching and appraisal of medical evidence from the GPs. GPs sent in questions, and the informationist formulated the answers. Our objectives were to find out if such an evidence-based answering service was feasible, including assessing the effect of the answers on GPs and their patients, as reported by the GPs. Methods: After attending a workshop on building well-formulated questions from daily practice, the GPs sent in questions to the informationist. The literature was searched, the relevant information was appraised, and the answers to the questions were formulated. With a questionnaire, the effect of the answers on the GP and the patient was assessed, as well as the perceived barriers to implementing the answers. Results: From 26 GPs, 61 questions were received. For 12% of questions, information was found with the highest evidence level, while for 36%, no information was found. However, for 89% of the questions for which no information could be found, the answer "no information found" did have an effect on the GP concerned. In total, 81% of all the answers had an effect on the GP, and, according to the GP, 52% had an effect on the patient. Few barriers to implementing the evidence were perceived. Most of the answers were found in Pubmed/Medline, the Cochrane Library and Embase. Conclusions: This study indicates that an evidence-based answering service can have an impact on GPs and their patients. Librarians can provide an evidence-based answering service for GPs and their patients. The evidence-based answering service for GPs in this study had an impact on 81% of the GPs and on 52% of their patients. Although for one-third of the questions no evidence-based answer was found, this message in itself had an impact on 89% of the GPs. An informationist as mediator between medical information and doctors can save doctors' time. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1751
T1  - Using research in practice. Sole searching: wasting our time? 10
A1  - Booth,Andrew
Y1  - 2005/03//
N1  - ISSN: 1471-1834 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050615 Accession Number: 363498
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Practitioner
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - Information work
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - quotes
KW  - Research
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Time
KW  - UK
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 70
EP  - 73
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Rather than question whether any health practitioners should be trained in information skills, it is suggested instead that this intervention falls into the category that adherents of evidence-based practice label "self evident". Argues that the challenge is not so much whether information trainers are doing the right things but rather whether they are doing the right things right. Illustrates the arguments with a scenario based on a primary care information skills trainer for a North Pennine, UK, health community. (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1752
T1  - The introduction of librarian tutors into the Teaching Evidence-Based Medicine week in Oxford, UK 9
A1  - Hunter,Jo
A1  - Pearce-Smith,Nicola
Y1  - 2005/06//
N1  - ISSN: 1471-1834 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050809 Accession Number: 372906
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - context
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Information work
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publication
KW  - quotes
KW  - Teaching
KW  - UK
KW  - User training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 146
EP  - 149
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
N2  - Summarizes the experience of the librarians who attended the Teaching Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) workshop. The teaching took place primarily in the small group context. Each morning all participants assembled for a plenary session, covering topics such as EBM in homeopathic doses and the dynamics of small group teaching. Participants could also sign up for Tutor Ad-hoc Discussions (TADs), and Participant Ad-hoc Discussions (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1753
T1  - Prodigy: supporting evidence-based prescribing 2
A1  - Hyams,Elspeth
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - ISSN: 1476-7171 Language: English Publication Type: Journal article Publisher: Cilip (Chartered Institute of Library & Information: Professionals) P2: Publisher Email: [mailto:update@cilip.org.uk] Update: 20061110 Accession Number: 447822
KW  - 13.23 ONLINE DATABASES
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - content
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - National Electronic Library for Health
KW  - On
KW  - Online databases
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - Prodigy
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Software
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - UK
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - vol
EP  - 8, pp
JA  - Library + Information Update, vol.5, no.7-8, pp.60-61, Jul 2006-Aug 2006
N2  - Report of Richard Hall's study of Prodigy, presented to the Association of Learned and Professional Publishers' training seminar on 9 February 2006. Prodigy is a service within the UK's National Electronic Library for Health and is an assemblage of the best available evidence on medical treatment for use as a decision support tool in primary health care, developed by the Sowerby Centre for Health Informatics (Schin). Focuses particularly on the content management system developed in partnership with the software house, Librios which allows Schin to repurpose and republish content in multiple formats, and lists the lessons learnt from implementing a CMS project of this kind. More information on Prodigy is available at www.prodigy.nhs.uk
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1754
T1  - The person or the program? 67
A1  - Haycock,K.
Y1  - 1999/12//
N1  - ISSN: 1481-1782 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 97247
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library staff
KW  - Performance appraisal
KW  - Principals
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Publication
KW  - Role
KW  - School libraries
KW  - Teacher librarians
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
EP  - 23
JA  - Teacher Librarian : The Journal for School Library Professionals
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
N2  - Evaluation of the teacher-librarian is often confused with the evaluation of the library programme itself. However, the evaluation of the teacher-librarian should be a critical force in the ongoing professional development of both principal and teacher-librarian. Attempts to separate the evaluation of the teacher-librarian from the programme offering guidelines which educate principals in the role of the teacher-librarian and provide a vehicle for the principal and the teacher-librarian to establish priorities together. These are grouped accordingly: competencies for teacher-librarians; professional competencies; and personal competencies
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1755
T1  - Translating research into practice: the role of web-based education 15
A1  - Weingardt,Kenneth R.
A1  - Villafranca,Steven W.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - ISSN: 1522-8835 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20060302 Accession Number: 400573
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - content
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Human
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Online information storage and retrieval
KW  - Organization
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - strategies
KW  - Translating
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 273
JA  - Journal of Technology in Human Services
VL  - 23
IS  - 3/4
N2  - Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) constitute a major focus of recent efforts to narrow the gap between research and practice. However, CBGs cannot effectively change clinical practice unless they are effectively disseminated. The present article describes a web-based course designed to teach nurses about a CPG for the management of alcohol withdrawal. In it, we outline the details of our web-based course, including its technical characteristics, organization, structure, and clinical content. Next, we outline several adjunctive strategies that may improve the effectiveness of such web-based educational interventions. Finally, we discuss other ways that web-based education may prove useful in disseminating evidence-based practices in human service delivery settings. Copies of this article are available for a fee from the Haworth Document Delivery Service http: [mailto://docdelivery@haworthpress.com]. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1756
T1  - Healthy resources for evidence-based medicine 62
A1  - Sullivan,E.M.
Y1  - 2000/12//
N1  - ISSN: 1525-2531 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 109867
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - History
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Online databases
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Review
KW  - Searching
KW  - Software
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Web
KW  - Web sites
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 42
EP  - 51
JA  - EContent
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
N2  - Reviews some of the Web sites providing information on the subject of evidence based medicine (EBM), including information on the history and development of evidence based medicine, glossaries of EBM terms, tutorials, training programs, software, links to EBM organizations and practice centres, guides to searching the literature, and the results of evidence based studies. Chris Cox maintains a substantial and frequently updated set of EBM links at the University of Hertfordshire, U.K. [URL:http://www.herts.ac.uk /lis/subjects/health/ebm.htm]. Another excellent list of EBM links is Netting the Evidence: A ScHARR Introduction to Evidence Based Practice on the Internet [URL:http://www.shef.ac.uk /~scharril.refs.netting/net.html]
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1757
T1  - Real-time, evidence-based medicine instruction: a randomized controlled trial in a neonatal intensive care unit 45
A1  - Bradley,D.R.
A1  - Rana,K.R.
A1  - Martin,P.W.
A1  - Schumacher,R.E.
Y1  - 2002/04//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030623 Accession Number: 133425
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Confidence
KW  - control
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - instruction
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Observation
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Resident
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Scores
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - strategies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surveys
KW  - User training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 194
EP  - 201
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
N2  - The study aimed to assess the potential for improving residents' evidence-based medicine searching skills in MEDLINE through real-time librarian instruction. Ten residents on a rotation in a neonatal intensive care unit participated. Residents were randomized into an instruction and a non-instruction group. Residents generated questions from rounds and searched MEDLINE for answers. Data were collected through observation, search strategy analysis, and surveys. Librarians observed searches and collected data on questions, searching skills, search problems, and the test group's instruction topics. Participants performed standardized searches before, after, and six-months after intervention and were scored using a search strategy analysis tool (1 representing highest score and 5 representing lowest score). Results indicated that residents completed pre- and post-intervention surveys to measure opinions about MEDLINE and search satisfaction. Post-intervention, the test group formulated better questions, used limits more effectively, and reported greater confidence in using MEDLINE. The control group expressed less satisfaction with retrieval and demonstrated more errors when limiting. The test and control groups had the following average search scores respectively: 3.0 and 3.5 (pre-intervention), 3.3 and 3.4 (post-intervention), and 2.0 and 3.8 (six-month post-intervention). Concludes that the data suggests that measurable learning outcomes were achieved. Residents receiving instruction improved and retained searching skills six-months after intervention. (For full text of this article see [URL:http:/ /www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov /articlerender.fcgi?rendertype=abstractandartid=100764]). (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1758
T1  - In search of evidence: family practitioners' use of the Internet for clinical information 42
A1  - Cullen,R.J.
Y1  - 2002/10//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030623 Accession Number: 133449
KW  - Age
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - Consultation
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - Doctors
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Family
KW  - Gender
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Medline
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Rare Disease
KW  - Sample
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Structured Interview
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - User surveys
KW  - users
KW  - Web
KW  - World Wide Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 370
EP  - 379
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 90
IS  - 4
N2  - The aim of the study was to determine the extent of use of the Internet for clinical information among family practitioners in New Zealand, their skills in accessing and evaluating this information, and the ways they dealt with patient use of information from the Internet. A random sample of members of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners was surveyed to determine their use of the Internet as an information source and their access to MEDLINE. They were asked how they evaluated and applied the retrieved information and what they knew about their patients' use of the Internet. Structured interviews with twelve participants focused in more depth on issues such as the physicians' skills in using MEDLINE and in evaluating retrieved material, their searches for evidence-based information, their understanding of critical appraisal, their patients' use of the Internet, and the ways they handle this use. Over 80 per cent of members in the sample completed and returned the questionnaire. Of these, 48.6 per cent reported that they used the Internet to look for clinical information. Gender and age were more significant in determining use than practice type or location. Information was primarily sought on rare diseases, updates on common diseases, diagnosis, and information for patients. MEDLINE was the most frequently accessed source. Search skills were basic, and abstracts were commonly used if the full text of an item was not readily available. Most reported that up to 10 per cent of patients bring information from the Internet to consultations. Both Internet users and non-Internet users encouraged patients to search the Web. Internet users were more likely to recommend specific sites. Concludes that practitioners urgently need training in searching and evaluating information on the Internet and in identifying and applying evidence-based information. Portals to provide access to high-quality, evidence-based clinical and patient information are needed along with access to the full text of relevant items. (For full text of this article see [URL:http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov /articlerender.fcgi?artid=128953]). (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1759
T1  - When less is more: a practical approach to searching for evidence-based answers 43
A1  - Grandage,K.K.
A1  - Slawson,D.C.
A1  - Shaughnessy,A.F.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030623 Accession Number: 133440
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Drill
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information work
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - play
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - researchers
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Searching
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 298
EP  - 304
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
N2  - The information needs of practicing clinicians are distinct from the needs of students, researchers, or nonclinical personnel. Clinicians seek information to stay current with new relevant medical developments and to find answers to patient-specific questions. The volume of available information makes clinicians' tasks of rapidly identifying high-quality studies daunting. New tools evaluate the rigor and relevance of information and summarize it in the form of synthesized clinical answers. These sources have the opposite focus of many other information tools in that they strive to provide less information rather than more. With the development of these sources of validated and refined information, a new search approach is needed to locate clinical information in which speed is the benchmark. The existing medical literature, including these new refinement tools, can be conceptualized as a pyramid, with the most useful information, based on validity and relevance, placed at the apex. Use of this hierarchy allows searchers to drill down through progressive layers until they find their answers. Librarians can play a significant role in evaluating the ever-increasing variety of these synthesized resources, placing them into the searching hierarchy, and training clinicians to search from the top down. (For full text of this article see [URL:http:/ /www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=116402]). (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1760
T1  - Finding the evidence: teaching medical residents to search MEDLINE 44
A1  - Vogel,E.W.
A1  - Block,K.R.
A1  - Wallingford,K.T.
Y1  - 2002/07//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20030623 Accession Number: 133445
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Average
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - quotes
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - Searching
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - User training
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 327
EP  - 330
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
N2  - Increasingly, medical residency programmes are teaching their trainees how to practice evidence-based medicine (EBM), with one-third of internal medicine programmes now offering freestanding EBM curricula. Most EBM curricula described in the literature focus on teaching critical appraisal of original periodical research. However, other aspects of EBM are equally important. One crucial step is efficiently finding the best literature that answers clinical questions. As part of a newly implemented EBM curriculum, the authors have developed a workshop to teach our internal medicine housestaff how to search MEDLINE efficiently and effectively to find the answers to clinical questions arising from patient care. To address the identified learning needs of residents, a three-hour workshop on using Ovid's version of MEDLINE, to find high-quality information to answer clinical questions, was developed. The workshop was taught six times (once per month over a six-month period), with an average of seven residents per workshop. Concludes that, in future, it will be necessary to evaluate how teaching MEDLINE searching has an impact on residents' abilities to find information for questions about their actual patients and it is hoped that participants would become more inclined to perform literature searches to find the most up-to-date information to answer clinical questions, as opposed to looking at less recent or less valid resources. (For full text of this article see [URL:http:/ /www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=116407]). (Quotes from original text)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1761
T1  - Impact of an evidence-based medicine curriculum on medical students' attitudes and skills 17
A1  - Aiyer,Meenakshy K.
A1  - Dorsch,Josephine L.
A1  - Meyer,Lynne E.
Y1  - 2004/10//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 325631
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information work
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mann-Whitney U Test
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self Perception
KW  - Skill
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Study
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Two-Tailed Test
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - User surveys
KW  - User training
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 397
EP  - 406
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
N2  - The full text of this electronic journal article can be found at [URL:http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=521510]. This evaluation study sought to assess the impact of an evidence-based medicine (EBM) course on students' self-perception of EBM skills, determine their use of EBM skills, and measure their performance in applying EBM skills in a simulated case scenario. Pre- and post-surveys and skills tests were developed to measure students' attitudes toward and proficiency in EBM skills. Third-year students completed the voluntary survey and skills test at the beginning and completion of a twelve-week clerkship in internal medicine (IM) co-taught by medical and library faculty. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test for a two-tailed test. A statistically significant increase was found in the students' self-assessment of skills. Students reported using the journal literature significantly more frequently during the clerkship than before, although textbooks remained their number one resource. A majority of students reported frequent use of EBM skills during the clerkship. Statistically significant improvement in student performance was also found on the post-test, although the level of improvement was more modest than that found on the post-surveys. The introduction of EBM skills to students during a clinical clerkship provides students an opportunity to practice EBM skills and reinforces the use of evidence in making patient-care decisions. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1762
T1  - From both sides now: librarians' experiences at the Rocky Mountain Evidence-Based Health Care Workshop 25
A1  - Beattie,Michelle
A1  - Le Ber,Jeanne Marie
A1  - Meadows,Susan E.
A1  - Traditi,Lisa K.
Y1  - 2004/01//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 260689
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Computer
KW  - Conferences
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Health Sciences Librarians
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Information work
KW  - instruction
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Journalists
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - PubMed
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Rocky Mountain Evidence-Based Health Care Workshop
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - small groups
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Workshop
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
N2  - The full text of this electronic journal article can be found at [URL:http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=314105]. The Colorado Health Outcomes (COHO) Department of the School of Medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC) coordinates the Rocky Mountain Evidence-Based Health Care (EBHC) Workshop, which has been held annually since 1999. The goals of the workshop include helping participants: doctors, pharmacists, health care policy makers, journalists and librarians; learn and apply skills for critically appraising medical research literature and for effective use of evidence-based information resources. Participants are encouraged to share ideas and to plan local services and instruction for those working in clinical settings. Each year, librarians from UCHSC Denison Memorial Library participate as faculty by teaching searching skills (PubMed, Cochrane Library, ACP Journal Club, etc.), providing support to small groups, and staffing two computer labs. In 2002, Denison Library received a National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) MidContinental Region Impact Award to fund the attendance of three health sciences librarians from the MidContinental Region, an academic education librarian, a clinical medical librarian, and a department librarian. In this paper, the participating librarians share the lessons they learned about how health care practitioners approach evidence-based practice. The participating librarians also share how they incorporated these lessons into their support of evidence-based practice related to teaching about evidence-based resources, assisting health care practitioners with developing answerable questions, enhancing the clinician-librarian partnership, and assisting practitioners in selecting evidence-based resources for quick answers to clinical questions. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1763
T1  - The role of expert searching in the Family Physicians' Inquiries Network (FPIN) 11
A1  - Meadows,Susan E.
A1  - Nashelsky,Joan E.
A1  - Ward,Deborah
Y1  - 2005/01//
N1  - ISSN: 1536-5050 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 347046
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - Experts
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Physicians' Inquiries Network
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Intermediaries
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods
KW  - Online information retrieval
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 88
EP  - 96
JA  - Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA )
VL  - 93
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: This article describes the contributions of medical librarians, as members of the Family Physicians' Inquiries Network (FPIN), to the creation of a database of clinical questions and answers that allows family physicians to practice evidence-based medicine using high-quality information at the point of care. The medical librarians have contributed their evidence-based search expertise and knowledge of information systems that support the processes and output of the consortium. Methods: Since its inception, librarians have been included as valued members of the FPIN community. FPIN recognizes the search expertise of librarians, and each FPIN librarian must meet qualifications demonstrating appropriate experience and training in evidence-based medicine. The consortium works collaboratively to produce the Clinical Inquiries series published in family medicine publications. Results: Over 170 Clinical Inquiries have appeared in Journal of Family Practice (JFP) and American Family Physician (AFP). Surveys have shown that this series has become the most widely read part of the JFP Website. As a result, FPIN has formalized specific librarian roles that have helped build the organizational infrastructure. Conclusions: All of the activities of the consortium are highly collaborative, and the librarian community reflects that. The FPIN librarians are valuable and equal contributors to the process of creating, updating, and maintaining high-quality clinical information for practicing primary care physicians. Of particular value is the skill of expert searching that the librarians bring to FPIN's products. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1764
T1  - Emergency Medicine Abstracts Online: a source of evidence-based emergency medicine 28
A1  - Fitzpatrick,Roberta Bronson
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - ISSN: 1542-4065 Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050524 Accession Number: 353164
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Computer Applications
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - Emergency Medicine Abstracts Online
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Online databases
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Publication
KW  - Searching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 72
JF  - Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries.2004; 1(3): 65-72.
J1  - Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
N2  - Emergency Medicine Abstracts Online is a source of pre-filtered, evidence-based information. It is designed to assist emergency medicine physicians who wish to augment their clinical decision making process with information from the medical literature. That information has been critically appraised, and effectiveness statements are supplied. This column presents background information about the database, as well as provides searching information. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1765
T1  - Is a journal club effective for teaching critical appraisal skills? A controlled trial with residents in psychiatry 2067
A1  - Fu,C.H.Y.
A1  - Hodges,B.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - Goldbloom,D.S.
A1  - Garfinkel,P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article 11 5 AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC WASHINGTON 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA ACAD PSYCHIATRY WIN Discipline: Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry 263WD
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - method
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 205
EP  - 209
JF  - Academic Psychiatry
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - This study examined the effectiveness of a journal club for teaching critical appraisal skills to residents in psychiatry ann their transfer of those skills to clinical scenarios. Twelve residents participated in a 12-week journal club, and 12 residents were matched control subjects. Following the journal club, there remained no difference in performance between the two groups, although two-thirds of the journal club residents din show an improvement or no change, compared with one-third of the control residents. Furthermore, there was a trend for the journal club residents to require less time to review an article. This format of a journal club may not be an effective method for teaching critical appraisal skills to residents in psychiatry
SN  - 1042-9670
AV  - Maudsley Hosp, London SE5 8AZ, England. Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, London, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hlth Network, Ctr Res Educ, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000084147500006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1766
T1  - A three-step method of self-reflection using reflective journal writing 2577
A1  - RileyDoucet,C.
A1  - Wilson,S.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 15 14 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE J ADV NURS MAY Discipline: Nursing WX150
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - challenge
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - combined
KW  - CONSTRAINTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - diversity
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - journal
KW  - Journal Writing
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing students
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - practice
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Direction
KW  - self-awareness
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 964
EP  - 968
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
N2  - Fiscal and financial constraints present a challenge for nurse educators to broaden the diversity and scope of teaching/learning methodologies, One method designed to promote autonomy and self-direction of nursing students is self-reflection combined with reflective journal writing, This paper describes a three-step process of self-reflection encompassing critical appraisal, peer group discussion and self-awareness, This process of self-reflection was initiated with one group of clinical nursing students, Using student and teacher feedback, implications for employing this teaching/learning strategy in clinical practice are suggested
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - RYERSON POLYTECH INST,SCH NURSING,TORONTO,ON M5B 2K3,CANADA.
UR  - ISI:A1997WX15000030
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1767
T1  - Strategies of resistance and the problem of ambiguity in Azar Nafisi's 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' 317
A1  - Corbella,W.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article 16 0 UNIV MANITOBA WINNIPEG MOSAIC 208 TIER BLDG, WINNIPEG, MANITOBA R3T 2N2, CANADA MOSAIC-J INTERDISCIPL ST LIT JUN Discipline: Literature 052ZW
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Literature
KW  - On
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Resistance
KW  - RESISTANT
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 107
EP  - 123
JF  - Mosaic-A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
N2  - Blending autobiographical elements, critical readings of Western literature, and socio-political commentary on the Iranian situation, Nafisi recounts her experiences in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the period between 1977 and 1997. This article focuses on her deployment of resistant strategies against oppression, examining how her frequent ambiguities undermine their subversive potential
SN  - 0027-1276
UR  - ISI:000238273800008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1768
T1  - "Stuck in the middle with you": The ethics and process of qualitative research with two people in an intimate relationship 1120
A1  - Forbat,L.
A1  - Henderson,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article 17 1 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA QUAL HEALTH RES DEC Discipline: Health Policy & Services 741EP
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Interview
KW  - interviewing
KW  - Interviews
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reflexivity
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - research method
KW  - research methods
KW  - ROUTE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - stories
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1453
EP  - 1462
JF  - Qualitative Health Research.2003 Dec; 13(10): 1453-62.(17 ref)
J1  - Qualitative Health Research
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
N2  - In this article, the authors discuss their experiences of two separate research projects involving interviews with both partners in care relationships that pushed the ethics of research methods along unfamiliar routes. The desire to understand the relationship from both sides was seen to outweigh the perils of accessing both stories but only when the ethical and procedural elements had been sufficiently worked through. It is those ethical and procedural elements that they share in this article, which is offered as a provocative nudge toward a continued critical appraisal of ethical standards within qualitative research and begins with the authors' reflection on their processes for such research through the examination of a fictionalized vignette
SN  - 1049-7323
AV  - Open Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Welf, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
UR  - ISI:000186446000009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1769
T1  - Observations on the electric lance and the welfare of whales: A critical appraisal 2601
A1  - Blackmore,D.K.
A1  - Madie,P.
A1  - Barnes,G.R.G.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 17 2 UNIV FEDERATION ANIMAL WELFARE POTTERS BAR 8 HAMILTON CLOSE, SOUTH MIMMS, POTTERS BAR, HERTS, ENGLAND EN6 3QD ANIM WELFARE FEB Discipline: Veterinary Sciences; Zoology WN529
KW  - And
KW  - animal welfare
KW  - Animals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - behaviour
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - brain
KW  - cardiac
KW  - CONDUCTIVITY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Criticism
KW  - current density
KW  - DEAD
KW  - DENSITIES
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - discipline
KW  - DYSFUNCTION
KW  - electric lance
KW  - Electrode
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - HEART
KW  - IF
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - insensability
KW  - Into
KW  - investigation
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - method
KW  - Observation
KW  - On
KW  - OPERATIONS
KW  - ORGAN
KW  - Pain
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - RECORD
KW  - Science
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Seizure
KW  - SIGNS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TARGET
KW  - Time
KW  - Use
KW  - values
KW  - ventricular fibrillation
KW  - VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION
KW  - Welfare
KW  - whales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 51
JF  - Animal Welfare
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - Japanese whalers use the electric lance as a secondary method of killing minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). The lances are dropped into the body, and currents varying between 2.2 and 14.0A, with a mean of 6.8A, are applied. When currents of 5A were applied to the carcasses of dead whales, varying in size from 1.8 to 15.7m in length, no current densities induced in the target organs were sufficient to cause either insensibility (10mA cm(-2) in the brain), or to cause ventricular fibrillation (0.5mA cm(-2) in the heart), except in a few cases where electrodes were specifically placed to span the heart. When electrodes were placed in positions normally used in whaling operations, no current densities were produced which would have been sufficient to cause brain and cardiac dysfunction. Further investigations on changes in current density with time post mortem after application of a controlled current of 5A showed, during a 60 hour period, a fourfold increase in the current density in the heart, and more than a twofold increase in the brain. Thus contrary to previous criticisms, if these studies had been carried out on live animals, all current densities would have been below threshold values. There are no records of signs of epileptiform seizure, which are associated with an effective electrical stun, in whales subjected to the electric lance. It is concluded that the electric lance as used in whaling operations is ineffective and likely to cause extra pain and suffering to an already distressed animal
SN  - 0962-7286
AV  - MASSEY UNIV,FAC VET SCI,CETACEAN INVEST CTR,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. MASSEY UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. NEW ZEALAND FDN STUDY WELF WHALES,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND.
UR  - ISI:A1997WN52900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1770
T1  - Fei Xiaotong's theory of rural development and its application: A critical appraisal 2479
A1  - Fong,S.C.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 23 0 INST INTERNAT RELATIONS MUCHA 64 WAN SHOU ROAD, MUCHA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN ISSUES STUD OCT Discipline: International Relations; Political Science YK303
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Author
KW  - Career
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - conflict
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - Empirical Research
KW  - English
KW  - functions
KW  - HOST
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - international
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Logic
KW  - LONG
KW  - Marketing
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Orientation
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - Reading
KW  - relationships
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Research
KW  - rural enterprises
KW  - Science
KW  - small market towns
KW  - Social Structure
KW  - structure
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Taiwan
KW  - theoretical
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VIEWS
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 43
JF  - Issues & Studies
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
N2  - Following a systematic reading of Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong's works published in the 1940s and 1980s, the author puts forth the following theses. First, it will be demonstrated that Fei's ''theoretical thread'' of his long career remains that of functionalism, a conceptual orientation which views every social institution as connected to other institutions, and together meeting critical needs of the encompassing social structure. Second, it will be shown that, given his functional orientation, he was unable to spell out the full theoretical relationships between Chinese rural enterprises and their host small marker towns that occupied most of his attention in the 1980s. Indeed, this flaw has invited scholars to attempt to compensate in two ways: one is parallel to the theory of anthropologist G. William Skinner's marketing hierarchy; the other involves another key factor the administrative hierarchy, and reconsiders the possibility of a built-in conflict between administrative logic and economic development. Third a critical assessment will be made of the extent to which his disciples' empirical research matches the subtleties of his stimulating, albeit underdeveloped, theory of China's rural development
SN  - 1013-2511
UR  - ISI:A1997YK30300002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1771
T1  - A critical appraisal of measurement of the soft tissue outline using photographs and video 2525
A1  - Benson,P.E.
A1  - Richmond,S.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 23 3 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP EUR J ORTHODONT AUG Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine XU517
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - BONE
KW  - Child
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Computer
KW  - computerized
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - essential
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - Head
KW  - LIP
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - On
KW  - PALATE
KW  - Patient
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - Prediction
KW  - PROFILE
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - RADIOGRAPHY
KW  - REFLEX
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - SOFT-TISSUE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TISSUE
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - X-ray
KW  - X-RAYS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 397
EP  - 409
JF  - European Journal of Orthodontics
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
N2  - Radiographs are essential in the planning and assessment of treatment, as well as the study of growth patterns, but before subjecting a child to X-rays, the clinician must ensure that it is justifiable on clinical grounds. The use of cephalometric radiography, particularly in the young patient with a cleft of the lip and/or palate, has been questioned. The aim of this project was to investigate the validity and reproducibility of using a photograph or video image, compared with a radiograph, for measurement of the soft tissue profile of the face. A radiographic phantom head was used, which consisted of a dry bone skull encased in a soft tissue substitute. The method involved comparing direct measurement of the head in a Reflex Metrograph with the results of computerized digitizing of a cephalometric radiograph, digitizing a video image from a computer screen and measurement of a photograph. It was found that digitizing of the soft tissue outline of a radiographic phantom head from a video image was neither a valid, nor a reproducible method of replacing cephalometric radiographs in the measurement of the soft tissue profile of the face. A photograph may be a clinically acceptable alternative, but errors from this method are likely to be larger than those due to digitization of a radiograph
SN  - 0141-5387
AV  - UNIV MANCHESTER,DENT HOSP,MANCHESTER,LANCS,ENGLAND. UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF,COLL MED,SCH DENT,DEPT CHILD & DENT HLTH,CARDIFF CF1 3NS,S GLAM,WALES.
UR  - ISI:A1997XU51700008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1772
T1  - Medical students' and tutors' experiences of directed and self-directed learning programs in evidence-based medicine - A qualitative evaluation accompanying a randomized controlled trial 748
A1  - Bradley,P.
A1  - Oterholt,C.
A1  - Nordheim,L.
A1  - Bjorndal,A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article 27 1 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA EVALUATION REV APR Discipline: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary 904HS
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - directed learning
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - educational research
KW  - EFFECTIVE HEALTH-PROMOTION
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evaluation of complex interventions
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - FIELD
KW  - implementation
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - qualitative
KW  - qualitative evaluation
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - reason
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Self Directed Learning
KW  - self-directed learning
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 149
EP  - 177
JF  - Evaluation Review
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
N2  - This qualitative study aims to interpret the results of a randomized controlled trial comparing two educational programs (directed learning and self-directed learning) in evidence-based medicine (EBM) for medical students at the University of Oslo from 2002 to 2003. There is currently very little comparative educational research in this field. In the trial, no statistically significant differences between the study groups were shown for any outcomes considered(EBM knowledge, skills, and attitudes). Further analysis suggests that main reason for the negative trial results was that the majority of students learned equally effectively, whichever program they received, although implementation of the educational programs was not complete because of varying attendance. This study illustrates a stepwise evaluation model that might be useful in evaluating other socially complex interventions
SN  - 0193-841X
AV  - Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
UR  - ISI:000227487300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1773
T1  - Medical management of intestinal obstruction in terminal care 2612
A1  - Frank,C.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 29 3 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA ON L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal WJ119
KW  - Advanced Cancer
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BOWEL
KW  - BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - control
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - corticosteroids
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FLUID
KW  - formulation
KW  - GASTROSTOMY
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Care
KW  - HOSPITAL-CARE
KW  - Hydration
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Literature
KW  - MALIGNANT DISEASE
KW  - Management
KW  - MEDICAL-MANAGEMENT
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Morphine
KW  - Nasogastric Tube
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - OBSTRUCTION
KW  - OCTREOTIDE
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - SAMPLES
KW  - Searching
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - somatostatin
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Terminal Care
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TUBE
KW  - Use
KW  - vomiting
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 265
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 43
N2  - OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on the effectiveness of medical management of bowel obstruction for patients with advanced cancer and to summarize treatment options for home and hospital care. DATA SOURCES Articles were identified by searching MEDLINE. STUDY SELECTION Research articles published between 1973 and 1995 on the surgical and medical management of bowel obstruction in patients with advanced cancer were identified. Seven original research articles on medical management were identified and all were reviewed and critically appraised. Given the small number of original papers in this field, studies using prospective and retrospective methodology were included. Articles looking only at the use of percutaneous gastrostomy tubes and subcutaneous hydration were used in the formulation of treatment recommendations but were not critically reviewed. A critical appraisal of the surgical literature was not undertaken. SYNTHESIS Recommendations regarding medical management of bowel obstruction were based on strength of evidence for improving symptoms with pharmacologic treatment. The few clinical trials were uncontrolled trials with small samples. The trials show improvement of symptom control with pharmacologic management using morphine, anticholinergics, major tranquilizers, corticosteroids, and somatostatin analogues. Intravenous hydration was unnecessary for most patients. Percutaneous gastrostomy tubes are effective for patients with proximal intestinal obstruction and intractable vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacologic management and percutaneous gastrostomy for intractable vomiting and hypodermoclysis or oral fluids for hydration can control symptoms without surgery or nasogastric tubes
SN  - 0008-350X
UR  - ISI:A1997WJ11900017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1774
T1  - Reattribution revisited: A critical appraisal 2581
A1  - GarciaCampayo,J.
A1  - SanzCarrillo,C.
A1  - Larrubia,J.
A1  - Monton,C.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 32 3 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY SARAGOOSE PO BOX 6029, 50080 SARAGOOSE, SPAIN EUR J PSYCHIAT JAN-MAR Discipline: Psychiatry WV474
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Followup Studies
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publication
KW  - reattribution
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH EXPERIENCE
KW  - Review
KW  - SOMATIC SYMPTOMS
KW  - somatization
KW  - Spain
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 10
JF  - European Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Several years after the publication of the reattribution techniques for the treatment of subacute somatisers in primary care, we have carried out a critical review based on intervention and follow-up studies on somatisation referred in the literature and in clinical, training and research experience. We shall discuss the main strengths and drawbacks of the techniques of reattribution and develop a slightly modified therapeutical approach named ''reattribution-intemalization'' model
SN  - 0213-6163
AV  - HOSP MIGUEL SERVET,DEPT PSYCHIAT,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. HOSP SAN JORGE,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HUESCA,SPAIN. NEUROPSYCHIAT CTR,NTRA SRA DEL CARMEN,SPAIN. CASABLANCA HLTH CTR,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN.
UR  - ISI:A1997WV47400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1775
T1  - Chiari type I malformation revisited: Diagnosis and treatment 1392
A1  - Cheng,J.S.
A1  - Nash,J.
A1  - Meyer,G.A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article 34 2 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA NEUROLOGIST NOV Discipline: Clinical Neurology 617HE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS
KW  - CEREBELLAR TONSILS
KW  - Chiari I
KW  - Chiari malformation
KW  - chronic
KW  - CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Diagnosis
KW  - CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS
KW  - CORD
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DAMAGE
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Tests
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - English
KW  - fatigue
KW  - FIBROMYALGIA
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - I MALFORMATION
KW  - indications
KW  - JUNCTION
KW  - LEAD
KW  - MALFORMATION
KW  - Management
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - migration
KW  - nervous system
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - Neurology
KW  - On
KW  - ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE
KW  - outcome
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - POSSIBLE MECHANISMS
KW  - posterior fossa
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SPINAL-CORD
KW  - suboccipital craniectomy
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - SURGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Syncope
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - syringomyelia
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 357
EP  - 362
JF  - Neurologist.Vol.13(1)()(pp 37-41), 2007.
J1  - Neurologist
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND- Chiari type I malformations (Chiari 1) are congenital deformities where caudal migration of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum compresses the cerebellum and cervicomedullary junction (lower brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord). Associations with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, orthostatic intolerance, and other neurologic syndromes have been proposed along with the current plethora of known symptoms of this disease process. In advanced cases, Chiari I malformations can lead to significant neurologic deficit and be the cause of permanent nervous system damage. REVIEW SUMMARY- This article focuses on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with Chiari 1, including a discussion on the possible mechanisms of Chiari I with a review of present diagnostic tests, indications for treatment, and appraisal of surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS- Future radiological advances and research will undoubtedly be directed to better understanding of the pathology of the Chiari malformation and more effective medical and surgical treatment
SN  - 1074-7931
AV  - Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Spinal Surg, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
UR  - ISI:000179355600004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1776
T1  - Evaluating the options for developing databases to support research-based medicine at the NHS centre for reviews and dissemination 2453
A1  - Glanville,J.
A1  - Smith,I.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 4 0 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND INT J MED INFORM NOV Discipline: Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics YV178
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - CARE
KW  - CD-ROM
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computer
KW  - content
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS
KW  - ECONOMIC-EVALUATION
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - experiments
KW  - FACILITIES
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information sources
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - interface
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Manager
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - NEED
KW  - NHS CRD
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - Online databases
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Paper
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - research-based medicine
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - survey
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 86
JF  - International Journal of Medical Informatics
VL  - 47
IS  - 1-2
N2  - The paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and user interface review group experiments to determine the value and ease of use of the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE) and the NHS Economic Evaluations Database (NEED). The results of are interpreted with other recent studies of the use of electronic databases, including the NHS Research Register User Requirements Specification. The study found that most frequent users of the DARE database tend to use the CD-ROM version. Librarians were found to have the greatest awareness of the databases, with relatively low levels of use by operational NHS Staff. Untrained users found the online databases difficult to access and had erroneous perceptions of the database content which were only realised when queries returned unexpected answers. Experienced users of online information systems tended to want more sophisticated search facilities than inexperienced users. Nearly all users in the review groups wanted to access the databases in conjunction with other information sources, such as the Cochrane Library, Medline and the ACP Journal Club, highlighting the need for cross organisational strategies for the dissemination of research-based information. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V
SN  - 1386-5056
UR  - ISI:000071797200015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1777
T1  - Safety and efficacy of physical restraints for the elderly - Review of the evidence 2649
A1  - Frank,C.
A1  - Hodgetts,G.
A1  - Puxty,J.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Article 41 12 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA ON L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal VX486
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - elderly
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - extraction
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HOME RESIDENTS
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - indications
KW  - Information
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Literature
KW  - MECHANICAL RESTRAINTS
KW  - MEDICAL WARDS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mesh Heading
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - physical
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PREDICTORS
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - PREVENT FALLS
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - PROSPECTIVE COHORT
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - randomized
KW  - RATES
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - study designs
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Use
KW  - varieties
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2402
EP  - 2409
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 42
N2  - OBJECTIVE To critically review evidence on the safety and efficacy of physical restraints for the elderly and to provide family physicians with guidelines for rational use of restraints. DATA SOURCES Articles cited on MEDLINE (from 1989 to November 1994) and Cinahl (from 1982 to 1994) under the MeSH heading ''physical restraints.'' STUDY SELECTION Articles that specifically dealt with the safety and efficacy ofmstraints and current patterns of use, including prevalence, risk factors, and indications, were selected. Eight original research articles were identified and critically appraised. DATE EXTRACTION Data extracted concerned the negative sequelae of restraints and the association between restraint use and fall and injury rates. General data about current patterns of restraint use were related to safety and efficacy findings. DATE SYNTHESIS No randomized, controlled trials of physical restraint use were found in the literature. A variety of study designs, including retrospective chart review, prospective cohort studies, and case reports, found little evidence that restraints prevent injury. Some evidence suggested that restraints might increase risk of falls and injury. Restraint-reduction programs have not been shown to increase fall or injury rates. Numerous case reports document injuries or deaths resulting from restraint use or misuse. CONCLUSIONS Although current evidence does not support the belief that restraints prevent falls and injuries and questions their safety, further prospective and controlled studies are needed to clarify these issues. Information from review and research articles was synthesized in this paper to produce guidelines for the safe and rational use of restraints
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - QUEENS UNIV,DEPT MED,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA.
UR  - ISI:A1996VX48600015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1778
T1  - Systematic reviews: Synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions 2606
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Mulrow,C.D.
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 44 228 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 ANN INTERN MED MAR 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal WL104
KW  - AGENDA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - DIGESTIVE-TRACT
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Independence
KW  - Information
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - On
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practitioners
KW  - question
KW  - Race
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION
KW  - STATISTICAL-METHODS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 376
EP  - 380
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 126
IS  - 5
N2  - Systematic reviews can help practitioners keep abreast of the medical literature by summarizing large bodies of evidence and helping to explain differences among studies on the same question. A systematic review involves the application of scientific strategies, in ways that limit bias, to the assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of all relevant studies that address a specific clinical question. A meta-analysis is a type of systematic review that uses statistical methods to combine and summarize the results of several primary studies. Because the review process itself (like any other type of research) is subject to bias, a useful review requires clear reporting of information obtained using rigorous methods. Used increasingly to inform medical decision making, plan future research agendas, and establish clinical policy, systematic reviews may strengthen the link between best research evidence and optimal health care
SN  - 0003-4819
AV  - MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HLTH INFORMAT RES UNIT,MED CTR,HAMILTON,ON L8N 3Z5,CANADA. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284.
UR  - ISI:A1997WL10400006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1779
T1  - PCR analysis of IgH and BCL2 gene rearrangement in the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in lymph node fine-needle aspiration - A critical appraisal 2492
A1  - Aiello,A.
A1  - Delia,D.
A1  - Giardini,R.
A1  - Alasio,L.
A1  - Bartoli,C.
A1  - Pierotti,M.A.
A1  - Pilotti,S.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 48 22 LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 DIAGN MOL PATHOL JUN Discipline: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology YF455
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASPIRATION
KW  - B-CELLS
KW  - BCL2 rearrangement
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - biotechnology
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLONALITY
KW  - combined
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - discrimination
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - English
KW  - False Negative Result
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION
KW  - FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION
KW  - follicular lymphoma
KW  - Gene
KW  - HISTOLOGIC FEATURES
KW  - HODGKINS-DISEASE
KW  - immunoglobulin gene monoclonality
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - KIEL CLASSIFICATION
KW  - Lymph Node
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - MONOCLONALITY
KW  - occurrence
KW  - On
KW  - Pathology
KW  - PCR
KW  - polymerase chain reaction
KW  - POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION
KW  - PRIMER SELECTION
KW  - REED-STERNBERG CELLS
KW  - REGION
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - T(14-18)
KW  - TRANSLOCATION
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 154
EP  - 160
JF  - Diagnostic Molecular Pathology
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
N2  - In order to improve the cytomorphologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma on lymph node fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and to make a confident discrimination between low-grade follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and lymphoid hyperplasia, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed of the Ig CDR3 region and BCL2 breakpoint region in 25 nonselected cases of malignant lymphoma (17 NHL and 8 Hodgkin's disease [HD]) with histologic control, and 22 cases of lymph nodal hyperplasia with histologic and/or clinical control. Among lymphomas, IgH monoclonality was detected in 7 (77%) of 9 NHLs and BCL2 rearrangement in 3 (17.6%) of 17 NHLs, all of which were follicular centroblastic-centrocytic (FCBCC). Three BCL2/JH negative FCBCC cases were monoclonal for CDR3. Neither IgH monoclonality nor BCL2 rearrangement were found in HD. Among cytologically diagnosed lymphoid hyperplasias, one IgH polyclonal case was considered false-negative, being histologically diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic NHL on the subsequent excisional biopsy. Another 4 cases (2 BCL2 rearranged and 2 monoclonal for IgH) were considered false-positive on the basis of histologic features or clinical control. These data indicate that the combined PCR analysis of IgH and BCL2 rearrangements can confirm a cytologic diagnosis of lymphoma in FNAs while, due to the occurrence of both false-positive and false-negative results, it is of limited value in the distinction between follicular lymphoma and lymphoid hyperplasia without morphologic or clinical support
SN  - 1052-9551
AV  - IST NAZL STUDIO & CURA TUMORI,DIV PATHOL & CYTOL,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. IST NAZL STUDIO & CURA TUMORI,DIV EXPT ONCOL A,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. IST NAZL STUDIO & CURA TUMORI,OUTPATIENT CLIN,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY.
UR  - ISI:A1997YF45500005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1780
T1  - The relation between systematic reviews and practice guidelines 2536
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Greengold,N.L.
A1  - Ellrodt,A.G.
A1  - Weingarten,S.R.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 58 101 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 ANN INTERN MED AUG 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal XN129
KW  - AIDS
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CARE
KW  - CAST
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision aids
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - English
KW  - ESOPHAGEAL-VARICES
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Experience
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - formulation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Independence
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - PATIENT OUTCOMES
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - Race
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Sclerotherapy
KW  - Searching
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - Translating
KW  - Treatment
KW  - UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - utilization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 210
EP  - 216
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
N2  - Clinical practice guidelines have been developed to improve the process and outcomes of health care and to optimize resource utilization. By addressing such issues as prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, they can aid in health care decision making at many levels. Several other decision aids are cast in the guideline lexicon, regardless of their focus, formulation, or format; this can foster misunderstanding of the term ''guideline.'' Whether created or adapted locally or nationally, most guidelines are an amalgam of clinical experience, expert opinion, and research evidence. Approaches to practice guideline development vary widely. Given the resources required to identify all relevant primary studies, many guidelines rely on systematic reviews that were either previously published or created de novo by guideline developers. Systematic reviews can aid in guideline development because they involve searching for, selecting, critically appraising, and summarizing the results of primary research. The more rigorous the review methods used and the higher the quality of the primary research that is synthesized, the more evidence-based the practice guideline is likely to be. Summaries of relevant research incorporated into guideline documents can help to keep practitioners up to date with the literature. Systematic reviews have also been published on the dissemination and implementation strategies most likely to change clinician behavior and improve patient outcomes. These can be useful in more effectively translating research evidence into practice
SN  - 0003-4819
AV  - CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,DEPT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,DEPT APPL HLTH SERV RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV GEN INTERNAL MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. MCMASTER UNIV,FAC HLTH SCI,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA.
UR  - ISI:A1997XN12900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1781
T1  - Syringomyelia 1712
A1  - Citow,J.S.
A1  - Dohrmann,G.J.
A1  - Batzdorf,U.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article 66 1 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA NEUROSURG QUART SEP Discipline: Neurosciences; Surgery 442DR
KW  - And
KW  - ARACHNOIDITIS
KW  - Article
KW  - cerebrospinal fluid
KW  - CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID
KW  - CHIARI-I MALFORMATION
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
KW  - Consensus
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRAINAGE
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL
KW  - FLOW
KW  - FLUID
KW  - form
KW  - History
KW  - MANIFESTATIONS
KW  - NATURAL-HISTORY
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - PATHWAY
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - POSTTRAUMATIC SYRINGOMYELIA
KW  - PROGRESSION
KW  - SPINAL-CORD
KW  - Surgery
KW  - syringomyelia
KW  - syrinx
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 159
EP  - 168
JF  - Neurosurgery Quarterly
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
N2  - Syringomyelia is a relatively rare condition, but it can have devastating consequences for those afflicted. Many conditions can cause a syrinx to form, but the most common pathway is the disruption of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns. The pathogenesis of syrinx formation and progression is not completely understood, although many theories have been developed. Several treatment options exist for syringomyelia, but there is currently no consensus as to which is superior. This article discusses the current definitions. etiologies, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations. radiographic evaluation, natural history, and treatment options of syringomyelia
SN  - 1050-6438
AV  - Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Neurosurg Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Neurosurg, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA.
UR  - ISI:000169270400003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1782
T1  - How to use an article on therapy or prevention: Pneumonia prevention using subglottic secretion drainage 2520
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Hebert,P.C.
A1  - Heyland,D.K.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - BrunBuisson,C.
A1  - Marshall,J.C.
A1  - Russell,J.
A1  - Vincent,J.L.
A1  - Sprung,C.L.
A1  - Rutledge,F.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article 80 20 WILLIAMS & WILKINS BALTIMORE 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 CRIT CARE MED SEP Discipline: Critical Care Medicine XV557
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - CLINICALLY USEFUL MEASURES
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICALLY ILL
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - CRITICALLY-ILL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Tests
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - DRAINAGE
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Experience
KW  - expertise
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - IF
KW  - ILL
KW  - ILL PATIENTS
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - interpretation
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - markers
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - ORGAN FAILURE
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - Prevention
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - Research
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - SECRETION
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - STRESS-ULCER PROPHYLAXIS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TESTS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Use
KW  - Ventilator
KW  - VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1502
EP  - 1513
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 25
IS  - 9
N2  - Evidence based critical care medicine involves integrating clinical experience, expertise, and patient preferences with explicit, systematic, and judicious use of current best evidence in making medical decisions. Published evidence has many sources: research from the basic sciences of medicine, and from patient-centered clinical research on the accuracy of diagnostic tests, the power of prognostic markers, and the effectiveness and safety of preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitative, and palliative interventions. When critically appraising a clinical article for potential use in intensive care unit (ICU) practice, the first question we ask ourselves is: Is this study valid? If examination of the study methods reveals that the design is rigorous, we can turn to the two other key questions: What are the results? and, Will the results help me care for my patients? This approach may aid in the interpretation of an article on therapy or prevention; in it we discuss a strategy designed to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV CRIT CARE,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV OTTAWA,DEPT MED,DIV CRIT CARE,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV CRIT CARE,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. UNIV PARIS 12,DEPT MED,DIV CRIT CARE,CRETEIL,FRANCE. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT SURG,DIV CRIT CARE,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT MED,DIV CRIT CARE,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,DEPT INTENS CARE MED,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT ANESTHESIOL & CRIT CARE MED,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT MED,DIV CRIT CARE,LONDON,ON,CANADA.
UR  - ISI:A1997XV55700017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1783
T1  - The tools and techniques of evidence-based medicine 729
A1  - Abalos,E.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Abalos, E, Ctr Rosario Estudios Perinatales, Pueyrredon 985,S2000QIC, Rosario, Argentina edgardoabalos@crep.com.ar 42 3 BAILLIERE TINDALL LONDON 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BEST PRACT RES CLIN OBSTET GY FEB Discipline: Obstetrics & Gynecology 911HT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Information
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Into
KW  - London
KW  - medical curriculum
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - question
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - Technique
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
EP  - 26
JF  - Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology.Vol.20(5)()(pp 639-646), 2006.
J1  - Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Along with individual clinical expertise, it is a required core skill for clinical problem solving and it is considered to be a comprehensive component of the medical curricula. This chapter is a general overview of the steps to be followed by clinicians to search, identify and appraise the best-available evidence that could help them to resolve a particular clinical problem. It includes the principles for the identification of a clinical problem and its translation into a question, and the main sources for searching and locating the best-available evidence. References for guidelines designed for appraisal of the methods used in the original papers and for the interpretation of its results are also provided
SN  - 1521-6934
AV  - Ctr Rosario Estudios Perinatales, Rosario, Argentina.
UR  - ISI:000227993900003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1784
T1  - Levels of evidence in cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines 1852
A1  - Ackman,M.L.
A1  - Druteika,D.
A1  - Tsuyuki,R.T.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Ackman, ML, Univ Alberta Hosp, 0G1 WMC,8440-112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada 7 3 PULSUS GROUP INC OAKVILLE 2902 S SHERIDAN WAY, OAKVILLE, ONTARIO L6J 7L6, CANADA CAN J CARDIOL OCT Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 371EH
KW  - Alberta
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - atrial fibrillation
KW  - ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - congestive heart failure
KW  - CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE
KW  - Consensus
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - HEART-FAILURE
KW  - Internet
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - methods
KW  - myocardial infarction
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - Searching
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - testing
KW  - TEXT
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1249
EP  - 1254
JF  - Canadian Journal of Cardiology
VL  - 16
IS  - 10
N2  - BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be helpful in distilling the medical research literature for clinicians; however, the guidelines should acknowledge the variable methodological quality used in clinical research by tempering their recommendations with a 'levels of evidence' scale. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of English-language cardiovascular CPGs that provide the user with recommendations graded according to a defined levels of evidence scale. In addition, to evaluate other key aspects important in the critical appraisal of CPGs. METHODS: CPGs for atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction were identified by searching MEDLINE, a reference text of CPGs and the Internet. Each CPG was evaluated using a priori-defined criteria based on the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group's paper on critical appraisal of CPGs, including use of a reproducible search strategy, method of obtaining consensus, peer review and testing in practice. RESULTS: A total of 95 CPGs were evaluated. Only 13% graded their recommendations using a defined levels of evidence scale. In addition, few CPGs documented a reproducible search strategy or peer review process, and none had been formally tested in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Reporting the levels of evidence for recommendations is an important component of CPGs, yet this system is not widely used
SN  - 0828-282X
AV  - Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Fac Med & Dent, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000165164900009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1785
T1  - A novel method of guideline development for the diagnosis and management of mild to moderate hypertension 2213
A1  - Adams,J.L.
A1  - Fitzmaurice,D.A.
A1  - Heath,C.M.
A1  - Loudon,R.F.
A1  - Riaz,A.
A1  - Sterne,A.
A1  - Thomas,C.P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Adams, JL, Univ Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Gen Practice, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England 22 4 ROYAL COLL GENERAL PRACTITIONERS LONDON 14 PRINCES GATE, HYDE PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 1PU BRIT J GEN PRACT MAR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 172NH
KW  - Academic Environment
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Audit
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical audit
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Consultation
KW  - content
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Doctors
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based guidelines
KW  - form
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - inclusion
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - international
KW  - Into
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Literature Reviews
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - local adaptation
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MILD
KW  - MODERATE
KW  - MODERATE HYPERTENSION
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SOCIETY CONSENSUS CONFERENCE
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Teams
KW  - Technique
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 179
JF  - British Journal of General Practice.Vol.55(511)()(pp 139-146), 2005.
J1  - British Journal of General Practice
VL  - 49
IS  - 440
N2  - Background. There are large numbers of clinical guidelines available covering many clinical areas. However, the variable quality of their content has meant that doctors may have been offered advice that has been poorly researched or is of a conflicting nature. It has been shown that local involvement in guideline development increases the likelihood of their use. Aim, To develop a guideline to be used by general practitioners in six practices in Birmingham from existing evidence-based guidelines. Method. Recommendations from the four most cited international hypertension guidelines, and the more recently published New Zealand guidelines, were divided into subject areas and tabulated to facilitate direct comparison. Where there was complete or majority (greater than or equal to 3/5) agreement, the recommendation was taken as acceptable for inclusion in the new guideline. Where there was disagreement (less than or equal to 2/5), recommendations were based on the best available evidence following a further MEDLINE literature search and critical appraisal of the relevant literature. Each recommendation was accompanied by a grade of evidence (A-D), as defined by the Canadian Hypertension Society, and an 'action required' statement of either 'must', 'should', or 'could', based on the Eli-Lilly National Clinical Audit Centre Hypertension Audit criteria. The recommendations were summarized into a guideline algorithm and a supporting document The final format of both parts of the guideline was decided after consultation with the practice teams. The practices individually decided on methods of data collection. Results. The guideline was presented as a double-sided, A4 laminated sheet and an A4 bound supporting document containing a synthesis of the original guidelines in tabular form, a table of the resulting recommendations, and appendices of current literature reviews on areas of disagreement. The content of the final Birmingham Clinical Effectiveness Group (BCEG) guideline differed minimally from any of the original guidelines. Conclusion, The main strength of this method of guideline development may lie, not in the actual content of the resulting guideline, but in the strength of ownership felt by the BCEG and the practices following its development. While the full process is unlikely to be possible for general practitioners working outside an academic environment, the techniques used could provide a framework for practitioners to adapt national and international guidelines for use at a local level
SN  - 0960-1643
AV  - Univ Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Gen Practice, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000078930300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1786
T1  - The reflexive self and culture: a critique 1239
A1  - Adams,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Adams, M, Nottingham Trent Univ, Fac Humanities, Nottingham, England 47 4 ROUTLEDGE TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ABINGDON 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND BRIT J SOCIOL JUN Discipline: Sociology 690YN
KW  - alternative
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Criticism
KW  - critique
KW  - Culture
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FLUID
KW  - HEART
KW  - Humanities
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Language
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - neo-modern
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - PART
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - PLACE
KW  - play
KW  - post-traditional
KW  - psychology
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - reflexivity
KW  - Role
KW  - self
KW  - social change
KW  - Social Psychology
KW  - Sociology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 221
EP  - 238
JF  - British Journal of Sociology
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
N2  - This article attempts to engage with a tendency in the theorization of social change and self-identity evident in the work of a number of contemporary social theorists, to place an extended process of reflexivity at the heart of modern identity. As symptomatic of 'neo-modern' accounts of selfhood, critical readings of Giddens, Beck, Castells and some aspects of social theory more generally, and their account of modern reflexivity's relationship to culture, are assessed. In light of these criticisms, ways in which culture might still play an important part in the shaping of identity are considered. The relationship between language, culture and reflexivity, drawing from philosophy, sociology and G. H. Mead's own brand of social psychology, are all utilized in establishing a critique of the role Giddens and others designate for culture in the constitution of the contemporary self. By potentially repositioning self-identity in its connection to culture, the overall bearing of reflexivity upon the processes of self-identity is thus questioned. It is argued that a culturally-situated, yet fluid and multifarious account of self-identity is a necessary analytical and normative alternative
SN  - 0007-1315
AV  - Nottingham Trent Univ, Fac Humanities, Nottingham, England.
UR  - ISI:000183578200004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1787
T1  - Critical appraisal - Preventing recurrent ulcer bleeding - Switch from acetylsalicylic acid to clopidogrel or add esomeprozole? 379
A1  - Ahmed,S.
A1  - Karwalajtys,T.
A1  - Lau,E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Ahmed, S, McMaster Univ, Honours Biol & Pharmacol Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada 6 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS APR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 034CF
KW  - Acetylsalicylic Acid
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Canada
KW  - clopidogrel
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Risk
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 455
EP  - 457
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 52
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - McMaster Univ, Honours Biol & Pharmacol Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. St Josephs Healthcare, Ctr Evaluat Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000236901500018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1788
T1  - Exposure and effect monitoring: a critical appraisal of their practical application 2097
A1  - Aitio,A.
A1  - Kallio,A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Aitio, A, WHO, Programme Promot Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland 39 9 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND TOXICOL LETT SEP 5 Discipline: Toxicology 239WM
KW  - activity
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biological Monitoring
KW  - biomarkers
KW  - carcinogens
KW  - CHEMICALS
KW  - Cholinesterase
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CYTOGENETIC BIOMARKERS
KW  - data
KW  - DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EUROPEAN STUDY-GROUP
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Exposure
KW  - exposure assessment
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - genotoxic
KW  - health
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - indicators
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS
KW  - Ireland
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Manager
KW  - markers
KW  - METABOLITES
KW  - MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - On
KW  - OXIDE
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT
KW  - RELIABLE ASSESSMENT
KW  - representation
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - species
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Time
KW  - UNCERTAINTIES
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - URINE
KW  - Use
KW  - VINYL-CHLORIDE
KW  - Worker
KW  - WORKERS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 147
JF  - Toxicology Letters
VL  - 108
IS  - 2-3
N2  - The prerequisite for the use of biomarkers of exposure as indicators of health risk is that the relationship between the biomarker and the health effects and the representation in time of the biomarker level are known. Some exposure biomarkers may be applied for the quantitative assessment of the amount of exposure. In this task, the half-time of the parameter measured is crucial, since it determines what length of time of exposure the result reflects. For reliable assessment of the exposure the species (e.g. metal, oxide or salt) has to be known. For some chemicals the estimation of exposure from biomonitoring is based on several studies with uniform results and is quite reliable, while for others the uncertainty is wide. Exposure biomarkers have been successfully used in the identification of exposed individuals and follow-up of exposure. For example, macromolecule adducts and mutagenicity in urine have been successfully applied to the identification of workers exposed to carcinogens and as indicators of changes of exposure. Biomarkers of renal effects of cadmium, lead effects on haemoglobin synthesis and organophosphate effects on cholinesterase activities have been well validated and are widely used in routine monitoring activities. However, effect markers for lead and cadmium offer little advantage over the analysis of the chemical itself and where accurate metal analysis is readily available, they have a limited use today. For the analysis of chromosomal aberrations, limited data are available suggesting that elevated frequencies may indicate a carcinogenic risk. In several instances, genotoxic effect monitoring has been used to identify groups of people exposed to hazardous chemicals and in the follow-up of improvements in industrial hygiene. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0378-4274
AV  - WHO, Programme Promot Chem Safety, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Biomonitoring Lab, Helsinki 00370, Finland.
UR  - ISI:000082792900007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1789
T1  - Methods for examining small literatures: Explication, physical analysis, and citation patterns 2316
A1  - Akin,L.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Akin, L, Texas Womans Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, POB 425638, Denton, TX 76204 USA 93 1 ABLEX PUBL CORP STAMFORD 100 PROSPECT ST, PO BOX 811, STAMFORD, CT 06904-0811 USA LIBR INFORM SCI RES Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 126QM
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - ANATOMY
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - BRAND CHOICE BEHAVIOR
KW  - cognitive
KW  - Communication
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMER DECISION-MAKING
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - CT
KW  - Cues
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Exercise
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - INFORMATION OVERLOAD
KW  - Information Science
KW  - inquiry
KW  - INTELLECTUAL SPACE
KW  - INVENTORY
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - LOAD
KW  - MAPPING AUTHORS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - OVERLOAD
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION
KW  - PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - researchers
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - structure
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Texas
KW  - TEXT
KW  - thought
KW  - USA
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 270
JF  - Library & Information Science Research
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
N2  - Three methods-explication, physical analysis, and citation patterns-are used to dissect a small literature: the information overload research from library studies. Explication is an exercise in critical reading and the tri-level explication used here examines overt research structure, backward citation chaining, and within- text inquiry. Overt structure seeks standard research characteristics. Backward citation chaining follows the abstract cognitive train of thought and a within-text inquiry analyzes textual anatomy according to implicit cues: syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. Physical examination considers the text as artifact and inventories physical properties: publishing entity, co-authorship, literature age, or the amount of explanatory materials. Citation patterns follow bibliometric tenets and identify core researchers, co-authorship, linking citations, overall citing behavior, and the degree of peer- and self-citing. Cross-discipline comparisons arise from a similar analysis of the overload research from consumer science and psychology/psychiatry. Conclusions arise from the literature itself and result in simple evidentiary statements
SN  - 0740-8188
AV  - Texas Womans Univ, Sch Lib & Informat Studies, Denton, TX 76204 USA.
UR  - ISI:000076304700004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1790
T1  - Principles of evidence based medicine 615
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Akobeng, AK, Cent Manchester & Manchester Childrens Univ Hosp, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Charlestown Rd, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk 15 9 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND ARCH DIS CHILD AUG Discipline: Pediatrics 947XN
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Integration
KW  - Life
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Performance
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Searching
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - values
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 837
EP  - 840
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - Health care professionals are increasingly required to base clinical decisions on the best available evidence. Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a systematic approach to clinical problem solving which allows the integration of the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. This paper explains the concept of EBM and introduces the five step EBM model: formulation of answerable clinical questions; searching for evidence; critical appraisal; applicability of evidence; evaluation of performance. Subsequent articles will focus on the principles and critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and provide a practical demonstration of the five step EBM model using a real life clinical scenario
SN  - 0003-9888
AV  - Cent Manchester & Manchester Childrens Univ Hosp, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000230680700024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1791
T1  - Understanding randomised controlled trials 616
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Akobeng, AK, Cent Manchester Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp,Charlestown Rd, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk 23 6 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND ARCH DIS CHILD AUG Discipline: Pediatrics 947XN
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - health
KW  - hierarchy of evidence
KW  - Intention
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - London
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - P-Value
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Publishing
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - Research
KW  - Standard
KW  - STATISTICS NOTES
KW  - Terminology
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - understanding
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 840
EP  - 844
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - The hierarchy of evidence in assessing the effectiveness of interventions or treatments is explained, and the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, the randomised controlled trial, is discussed. Issues that need to be considered during the critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials, such as assessing the validity of trial methodology and the magnitude and precision of the treatment effect, and deciding on the applicability of research results, are discussed. Important terminologies such as randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, intention to treat, p values, and confidence intervals are explained
SN  - 0003-9888
AV  - Cent Manchester Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England. Manchester Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000230680700025
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1792
T1  - Understanding systematic reviews and meta-analysis 617
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Akobeng, AK, Cent Manchester Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp,Charlestown Rd, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk 19 6 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND ARCH DIS CHILD AUG Discipline: Pediatrics 947XN
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - London
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - NEED
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 845
EP  - 848
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - This review covers the basic principles of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The problems associated with traditional narrative reviews are discussed, as is the role of systematic reviews in limiting bias associated with the assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of studies addressing specific clinical questions. Important issues that need to be considered when appraising a systematic review or meta-analysis are outlined, and some of the terms used in the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses-such as odds ratio, relative risk, confidence interval, and the forest plot-are introduced
SN  - 0003-9888
AV  - Cent Manchester Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England. Manchester Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000230680700026
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1793
T1  - Evidence in practice 618
A1  - Akobeng,A.K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Akobeng, AK, Cent Manchester, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Booth Hall Childrens Hosp, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk 14 1 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND ARCH DIS CHILD AUG Discipline: Pediatrics 947XN
KW  - And
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cost
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CROHNS-DISEASE
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - principles
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - SERIES
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Teams
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 849
EP  - 852
JF  - Archives of Disease in Childhood.Vol.90(2)()(pp 187-189), 2005.
J1  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
VL  - 90
IS  - 8
N2  - A clinical scenario is used to illustrate how the principles outlined in the previous articles in the series could be applied to help improve patient care. A practical demonstration of the art of formulating answerable clinical questions, finding evidence, critically appraising evidence, and putting evidence into practice is provided. The importance of integrating evidence with patient's preferences, and taking account of issues such as availability of interventions, costs, and so on is discussed. Finally, some of the issues involved in the development of evidence based policies within clinical teams are outlined
SN  - 0003-9888
AV  - Cent Manchester, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England. Manchester Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Gastroenterol, Manchester M9 7AA, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000230680700027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1794
T1  - The place of evidence-based medicine among primary health care physicians in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia 1395
A1  - Ansary,L.A.
A1  - Khoja,T.A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Al- Ansary, LA, King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, POB 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia 33 6 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND FAM PRACT OCT Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 615NC
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Awareness
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - based medicine
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Doctors
KW  - EBM
KW  - Educational Needs
KW  - effort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - GPS
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Learning
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OVERLOAD
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - primary care
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - READ
KW  - REGION
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - SAUDI-ARABIA
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TERM
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 537
EP  - 542
JF  - Family Practice.Vol.20(5)()(pp 601-606), 2003.
J1  - Family Practice
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
N2  - Background. Evidence- based medicine ( EBM) is a style of practice in which doctors manage problems by reference to valid and relevant information. Unfortunately, research consistently has shown that clinical decisions rarely are based on the best available evidence. Since primary care is the essential foundation in effective health care systems, it follows that providing evidence- based primary care would reflect positively on the community's health. Objectives. Our aim was to explore the awareness and the attitude of primary health care physicians ( PHCPs) towards evidence- based medicine ( EBM) and determine their related educational needs. Methods. A questionnaire study was carried out of all 650 PHCPs practising at the Ministry of Health Primary Health Care Centres in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Main outcome measures were respondents' attitude towards EBM, ability to access and interpret evidence, perceived barriers to practising EBM and the best method of moving from opinion- based medicine to EBM. Results. Respondents ( n = 559) mainly welcomed EBM and agreed that its practice improves patient care. They had a low level of awareness of extracting journals, review publications and databases, and even if aware, many did not use them. The most commonly read journals by the PHCPs were The Practitioner and Medicine Digest. Only 16% had access to bibliographic databases and 10% to the worldwide web. The respondents showed a partial understanding of the technical terms used in EBM. The major perceived barriers to practising EBM were patient overload and lack of personal time. Respondents thought that the most appropriate way to move towards EBM was by learning the skills of EBM ( 43%), followed by using evidence- based guidelines developed by colleagues ( 37%). Conclusions. Efforts towards improving access to evidence- based guidelines and summaries are urgently needed. Teaching all the PHCPs literature searching and critical appraisal skills by feasible and friendly methods should be considered
SN  - 0263-2136
AV  - King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
UR  - ISI:000179251800022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1795
T1  - Physician attitudes towards evidence-based medicine in eastern Saudi Arabia 815
A1  - Al-Baghlie,N.
A1  - Al-Almaie,S.M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Al-Baghlie, N, POB 63915, Dammam 31526, Saudi Arabia nadera48@hotmail.com 19 2 K FAISAL SPEC HOSP RES CENTRE RIYADH PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 3354, RIYADH 11211, SAUDI ARABIA ANN SAUDI MED NOV-DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 882EA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Awareness
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - Doctors
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - limitations
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Multiple Linear Regression
KW  - On
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physician Attitude
KW  - Physician Attitudes
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - PREDICTOR
KW  - Predictor Variable
KW  - Predictor Variables
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - REGION
KW  - Regression
KW  - Sample
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - SAUDI-ARABIA
KW  - Scores
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TOOL
KW  - VARIABLES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 425
EP  - 428
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.26(6)()(pp 429-432), 2006.
J1  - Annals of Saudi Medicine
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND: Because of the growing awareness of the limitations of traditional information on clinical decisions, there is a shift in medical practice towards evidence-based medicine (EBM). METHODS: We assessed physician attitudes towards evidence-based medicine (EBM) in a cross-sectional study of a random sample of physicians in primary health care centers (PHCCs) and general hospitals in the Dammam area of eastern Saudi Arabia. A random sample of 409 physicians was drawn from the population of doctors. The tool of data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. Only physicians who said they had heard about EBM were included in the study. RESULTS: Only 108 (39.6%) physicians out of those who responded had heard about EBM. Of those, 71 (65.7%) were in favor of EBM and 89 (90.8%) had a positive attitude towards EBM, as they scored above the cut-off point in the questionnaire. Using multiple linear regression, it was found that critical appraisal knowledge and EBM knowledge scores were the only significant predictor variables of EBM attitude score. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There was an overall positive attitude among physicians towards EBM. There was a proportional relation between the knowledge of EBM and attitude towards it. Dissemination of the EBM concept and practice among physicians is highly recommended
SN  - 0256-4947
AV  - King Faisal Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
UR  - ISI:000225920300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1796
T1  - Towards evidence-based medical education in Saudi medical schools 62
A1  - AlFaris,E.
A1  - Abdulgader,A.
A1  - Alkhenizan,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article AlFaris, E, King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, POB 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia eiad@ksu.edu.sa 18 0 K FAISAL SPEC HOSP RES CENTRE RIYADH PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 3354, RIYADH 11211, SAUDI ARABIA ANN SAUDI MED NOV-DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 128QM
KW  - Accountability
KW  - Age
KW  - And
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Attitude
KW  - BEME
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Culture
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - health
KW  - health professionals
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - medical teaching
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mind
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - SAUDI-ARABIA
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching practice
KW  - TERM
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 432
JF  - Annals of Saudi Medicine.Vol.26(6)()(pp 429-432), 2006.
J1  - Annals of Saudi Medicine
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
N2  - Evidence-based medical education (BEME) is an attitude of mind that entails the creation of a culture in which teachers think critically about what they are doing, look at the best evidence available and on this basis, make decisions about their teaching practice, and subsequently, undertake the necessary revision and change. More medical schools have opened in Saudi Arabia in the last few years than have existed over the last three decades. Currently, the education of health professionals is based on assumption and traditions and rarely on research findings. Medical teaching has evolved from being opinion-based to evidence-based and the art of teaching is rapidly becoming the 'science' of teaching. The need for evidence in our teaching and medical education practices is as important as it is in assessing a new therapy. This approach to education is not only associated with better results in terms of better learning, from the side of the students (the consumers), but also has a wider impact on patient care and the community. Moreover, in this age of accountability, litigations and quality assurance, the need for BEME becomes greater. Some suggestions to implement BEME in Saudi Arabia have been put forward and these are the training of medical education professionals in the use the existing information systems, and disseminating information through the creation of a BEME journal (secondary publication) that publishes a critically appraised summary of medical education articles that are both valid and of immediate clinical use
SN  - 0256-4947
AV  - King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. King Saud Univ, Dept Physiol, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Family Med & Polyclin, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
UR  - ISI:000243673100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1797
T1  - How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for primary care? 869
A1  - Alper,B.S.
A1  - Hand,J.A.
A1  - Elliott,S.G.
A1  - Kinkade,S.
A1  - Hauan,M.J.
A1  - Onion,D.K.
A1  - Sklar,B.M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Alper, BS, Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA editor@dynamicmedical.com jaahand@iupui.edu elliotts@health.missouri.edii skinkade@pol.net mjh@hauan.org daniel.k.onion@dartmouth.edu bersklar@netcantina.com 21 8 MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC CHICAGO 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA J MED LIBR ASSOC OCT Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 862JG
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - combined
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - HAND
KW  - Information
KW  - INFORMATION MASTER
KW  - Information Science
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Letter
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - OLDER
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Software
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 437
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
N2  - Objectives: Medicine must keep current with the research literature, and keeping current requires continuously updating the clinical knowledgebase (i.e., references that provide answers to clinical questions). The authors estimated the volume of medical literature potentially relevant to primary care published in a month and the time required for physicians trained in medical epidemiology to evaluate it for updating a clinical knowledgebase. Methods: We included journals listed in five primary care journal review services (ACP journal Club, DynaMed, Evidence-Based Practice, journal Watch, and QuickScan Reviews). Finding little overlap, we added the 2001 "Brandon/Hill Selected List of Print Books and journals for the Small Medical Library." We counted articles (including letters, editorials, and other commentaries) published in March 2002, using bibliographic software where possible and hand counting when necessary. For journals not published in March 2002, we reviewed the nearest issue. Five primary care physicians independently evaluated fifty randomly selected articles and timed the process. Results: The combined list contained 341 currently active journals with 8,265 articles. Adjusting for publication frequency, we estimate 7,287 articles are published monthly in this set of journals. Physicians trained in epidemiology would take an estimated 627.5 hours per month to evaluate these articles. Conclusions: To provide practicing clinicians with the best current evidence, more comprehensive and systematic literature surveillance efforts are needed
SN  - 1536-5050
AV  - Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA. DynaMed, Dynam Med Informat Syst, LLC, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Hlth management & Informat, Columbia, MO USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Dartmouth Family Practice Residency, Hanover, NH 03756 USA.
UR  - ISI:000224486200010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1798
T1  - Enhancing critical reading and writing through peer reviews: An exploration of assisted performance 1799
A1  - Althauser,R.
A1  - Darnall,K.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Althauser, R, Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA 29 2 AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC WASHINGTON 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA TEACH SOCIOL JAN Discipline: Education & Educational Research; Sociology 394GA
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSIGNMENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - grades
KW  - Indiana
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - On
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Peers
KW  - Performance
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Regression
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - scaffolding
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - theoretical
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 35
JF  - Teaching Sociology
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
N2  - Using a Web-based, conferencing system, we required students to electronically post draft answers to take-home essay questions. Students then pro duced peer reviews of each other's answers. Regression analyses indicated that the higher the quality of the review students gave their peers, the higher their own grades for revised essays. The pedagogical structuring of this activity draws heavily on the theoretical concept of 'scaffolding' or 'assisted performance
SN  - 0092-055X
AV  - Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
UR  - ISI:000166514700003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1799
T1  - Need for evidence-based practice in prosthodontics 2036
A1  - Anderson,J.D.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Anderson, JD, Univ Toronto, Toronto Sunnybrook Reg Canc Ctr, Craniofacial Prosthet Unit, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada 47 9 MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA J PROSTHET DENT JAN Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 276ZW
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Career
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL SKILLS
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - CONTINUING-EDUCATION
KW  - Courts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - dentistry
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DESIGN AFFECTS OUTCOMES
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - ORIGINS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - prosthodontics
KW  - quality
KW  - quality of evidence
KW  - Review
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Software
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - TRAINING-PROGRAMS
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment effectiveness
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
JF  - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2001 Sep; 86(3): 244-50.(13 ref)
J1  - Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
N2  - Statement of problem. Patients, their insurers, the: courts, and the scientific community are demanding more evidence to support the effectiveness of health care strategies. Purpose. This article describes evidence-based practice, its origins, and value as a way Of addressing the demand for evidence of treatment effectiveness in maxillofacial prosthetics. Material and methods. A limited review of maxillofacial prosthetics literature was performed using Medline over the years 1966 to 1998. The retrieved articles were classified by methodologic design and assessed for the strength of their evidence. Results. Focused and speedy (but not necessarily comprehensive) literature searching methods are available. Critical appraisal skills are available and needed to assess the quality of evidence in support of a treat ment and to maintain clinical skills. Conclusion. With appropriate skills and the availability of literature: searching hardware and software, evidence-based practice is a powerful means for the practitioner to establish the effectiveness of individual patient treatment, and to prevent the diminution of clinical skills over the course of ii career. These skills should be included in training programs
SN  - 0022-3913
AV  - Univ Toronto, Toronto Sunnybrook Reg Canc Ctr, Craniofacial Prosthet Unit, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000084909100008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1800
T1  - Reader's guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 1. Role and design 717
A1  - Gunvitz,J.H.
A1  - Sykora,K.
A1  - Mamdani,M.
A1  - Streiner,D.L.
A1  - Garfinkel,S.
A1  - Normand,S.L.T.
A1  - Anderson,G.M.
A1  - Rochon,P.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Anderson, GM, Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada geoff.anderson@utoronto.ca 13 6 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J APR 16 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 917UA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Publishing
KW  - READER
KW  - Role
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 895
EP  - 897
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 330
IS  - 7496
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Kunin Lunenfeld Appl Res Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Meyers Primary Care Inst, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Chair Hlth Management Strategies, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000228493500026
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1801
T1  - Reader's guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 2. Assessing potential for confounding 708
A1  - Mamdani,M.
A1  - Sykora,K.
A1  - Li,P.
A1  - Normand,S.L.T.
A1  - Streiner,D.L.
A1  - Austin,P.C.
A1  - Rochon,P.A.
A1  - Anderson,G.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Anderson, GM, Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada geoff.anderson@utoronto.ca 15 5 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J APR 23 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 920UP
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - Confounding
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - HIP FRACTURE
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - PROPENSITY SCORES
KW  - Publishing
KW  - READER
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 960
EP  - 962
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 330
IS  - 7497
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Kunin Lunenfeld Appl Res Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000228715900028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1802
T1  - Readers guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 3. Analytical strategies to reduce confounding 703
A1  - Normand,S.L.T.
A1  - Sykora,K.
A1  - Li,P.
A1  - Mamdani,M.
A1  - Rochon,P.A.
A1  - Anderson,G.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Anderson, GM, Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada geoff.anderson@utoronto.ca 8 4 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J APR 30 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 923UP
KW  - analytical
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - Confounding
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FRACTURES
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Publishing
KW  - READER
KW  - READERS GUIDE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1021
EP  - 1023
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 330
IS  - 7498
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Kunin Lunenfeld Appl Res Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000228935100027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1803
T1  - Text categorization models for high-quality article retrieval in internal medicine 724
A1  - Aphinyanaphongs,Y.
A1  - Tsamardinos,I.
A1  - Statnikov,A.
A1  - Hardin,D.
A1  - Aliferis,C.F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Aphinyanaphongs, Y, Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Eskind Biomed Lib, 4th Floor,2209 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ping.pong@vanderbilt.edu 28 7 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA J AMER MED INFORM ASSOC MAR-APR Discipline: Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics 909EC
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Average
KW  - clinical
KW  - Computer
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CURVES
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Filters
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Methods
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Machine
KW  - MACHINES
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Receiver Operating Characteristic
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - specificity
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technique
KW  - TEXT
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 207
EP  - 216
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.2005 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 207-16.(35 ref)
J1  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: Finding the best scientific evidence that applies to a patient problem is becoming exceedingly difficult due to the exponential growth of medical publications. The objective of this study was to apply machine learning techniques to automatically identify high-quality, content-specific articles for one time period in internal medicine and compare their performance with previous Boolean-based PubMed clinical query filters of Haynes et al. Design: The selection criteria of the ACP journal Club for articles in internal medicine were the basis for identifying high-quality articles in the areas of etiology, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Naive Bayes, a specialized AdaBoost algorithm, and linear and polynomial support vector machines were applied to identify these articles. Measurements: The machine learning models were compared in each category with each other and with the clinical query filters using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, 11-point average recall precision, and a sensitivity/specificity match method. Results: In most categories, the data-induced models have better or comparable sensitivity, specificity, and precision than the clinical query filters. The polynomial support vector machine models perform the best among all learning methods in ranking the articles as evaluated by area under the receiver operating curve and 11-point average recall precision. Conclusion: This research shows that, using machine learning methods, it is possible to automatically build models for retrieving high-quality, content-specific articles using inclusion or citation by the ACP journal Club as a gold standard in a given time period in internal medicine that perform better than the 1994 PubMed clinical query filters
SN  - 1067-5027
AV  - Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Eskind Biomed Lib, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Math, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
UR  - ISI:000227842000011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1804
T1  - Presenting at journal club: A guide 929
A1  - Atzema,C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Atzema, C, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, 2075 Bayview Ave,Room BG-13, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada catzema@sympatico.ca 18 3 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA ANN EMERG MED AUG Discipline: Emergency Medicine 842AY
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - Canada
KW  - CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 169
EP  - 174
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
SN  - 0196-0644
AV  - Univ Toronto, Royal Coll Emergency Med Residency Training Progr, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000222975900013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1805
T1  - Issues in the planning and conduct of non-randomised studies 377
A1  - Audige,L.
A1  - Hanson,B.
A1  - Kopjar,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Audige, L, AO Fdn, AO Clin Invest & Documentat, Stettbachstr 10, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland laurent.audige@aofoundation.org 26 0 ELSEVIER SCI LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND INJURY-INT J CARE INJURED APR Discipline: Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Surgery 034GA
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - case series
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - case-series
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - complications
KW  - Confounding
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Exposure
KW  - FIXATION
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FRACTURES
KW  - IF
KW  - implementation
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - intervention
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - limitations
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - mind
KW  - non-randomised studies
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - occurrence
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - orthopaedics
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - practice
KW  - PROXIMAL HUMERUS
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - READERS GUIDE
KW  - Research
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - Safety
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - SAMPLE-SIZE
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - study designs
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment effectiveness
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 340
EP  - 348
JF  - Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
N2  - This paper discusses topics related to the planning and implementation of non-randomised clinical studies in orthopaedics. A well-conducted case-series is appropriate to demonstrate the safety of a surgical intervention. The case-series design involves the provision of a defined intervention to a group of patients with the ultimate objective of describing the final outcome, including such occurrences as complications. There is no alternative procedure serving as a control. The key aspects are to ensure enrolment of all eligible patients and to obtain a sufficiently large sample size to allow precise and valid estimation of complication risks. Targeted complications should be clearly defined and fully documented during a pre-defined follow-up period. Loss to follow-up should be minimised. Comparative studies are required to demonstrate treatment effectiveness. If a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is not feasible, an observational design such as a cohort or a case-control study should be considered. In observational designs, the treatment decision is made by the surgeons. In a case-control study, patients are selected based on their outcomes and their treatment or exposure status is recorded retrospectively. In a cohort study, groups of patients are selected based on their treatment and are followed for outcomes. There are numerous variations. Data can be collected prospectively or retrospectively; comparison groups may be concurrent or non-concurrent, or studied at different locations. The optimal design is tailored to clinical questions and research settings, white keeping in mind the respective methodological strengths and weaknesses of available options. The strength of the observational study is its proximity to daily clinical practice. The limitations are the possibility of numerous biases and confounding factors. Despite many challenges to the internal validity of non-randomised studies in orthopaedics surgery, it is possible to use such designs in order to provide reasonably valid answers to clinically important questions. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0020-1383
AV  - AO Ctr, AO Clin Invest & Documentat, CH-7270 Davos, Switzerland. Univ Washington, Hlth Sci Ctr H682, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
UR  - ISI:000236915800008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1806
T1  - Towards an evidence based health care management 2250
A1  - Axelsson,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Axelsson, R, Karolinska Inst, Novum, Ctr Dev Hlth Serv, Plan 8, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden 57 8 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD W SUSSEX BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND INT J HEALTH PLAN MANAGE OCT-DEC Discipline: Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 159BQ
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - based medicine
KW  - CARE
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - education and training
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Management
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - management theory
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organization and Management
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Orientation
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 307
EP  - 317
JF  - International Journal of Health Planning and Management
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
N2  - Inspired by the development of Evidence Based Medicine, this article introduces a new approach for health care management called Evidence Based Management. This approach promises to improve the practice of health care management, at the same time as it may stimulate research on the organization and management of health care. Evidence Based Management means that health care managers should learn to search for and critically appraise evidence from management research as a basis for their practice. This will require some new managerial skills that should be included in the education and training of health care managers. It will also require a new orientation for research on health care management. There will be a demand for more applied research, and also for research with a more positivist orientation. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
SN  - 0749-6753
AV  - Karolinska Inst, Novum, Ctr Dev Hlth Serv, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
UR  - ISI:000078152300005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1807
T1  - A critical appraisal of the rediagonalization method for construction of diabatic levels 1440
A1  - Axelsson,A.
A1  - Bengtsson,R.
A1  - Nyberg,J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Axelsson, A, Swedish Def Res Agcy, Stockholm, Sweden 7 3 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS NUCL PHYS A OCT 7 Discipline: Physics, Nuclear 590TW
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - limitations
KW  - method
KW  - Model
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - REMOVAL
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - Sweden
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 226
EP  - 244
JF  - Nuclear Physics A
VL  - 708
IS  - 3-4
N2  - The possibilities and limitations of the rediagonalization method for detection and removal of virtual interactions at bandcrossings are explored in the framework of the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky shell model. Improvements of the method are suggested. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved
SN  - 0375-9474
AV  - Uppsala Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, Uppsala, Sweden. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, Lund, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neutron Res, Uppsala, Sweden.
UR  - ISI:000177840100005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1808
T1  - Critical appraisal of the published literature, for those who want to pass exams and those don't 1740
A1  - Ayers,P.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Ayers, P, St James Univ Hosp, Appl Epidemiol Unit, Beckett St, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England 2 0 CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE EDINBURGH JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND CURR ORTHOPAED SEP Discipline: Orthopedics 426WT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - PLACE
KW  - Scotland
KW  - UNIT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 390
EP  - 393
JF  - Current Orthopaedics
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
SN  - 0268-0890
AV  - St James Univ Hosp, Appl Epidemiol Unit, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000168372000011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1809
T1  - Using systematic reviews in clinical education 2566
A1  - Badgett,R.G.
A1  - OKeefe,M.
A1  - Henderson,M.C.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Badgett, RG, UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284 46 17 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 ANN INTERN MED JUN 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal XA911
KW  - ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Education
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Independence
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theories
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - limitations
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Race
KW  - READ
KW  - Research
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - Success
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - US
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 886
EP  - 891
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 126
IS  - 11
N2  - Traditional educational methods change clinical practice only with considerable effort and difficulty. In particular, the teaching of critical appraisal in the setting of journal clubs does not increase the amount of medical research read by trainees. Experiential learning theory, corroborated by the success of problem-based learning, encourages us to link learning to the numerous medical questions that physicians generate while providing patient care. Systematic reviews can link these questions with the results of research that would otherwise be difficult to locate, read, and appraise. Systematic reviews are a uniquely powerful mechanism for teaching, and they offer teachers a new opportunity to model rational and effective use of information. Systematic reviews should be made available at clinical sites for use during ''teachable moments.'' Resistance to the use of systematic reviews can be reduced by using existing journal clubs to teach about the strengths and limitations of these reviews. The point that systematic reviews are meant to assist, not replace, clinical decision making deserves emphasis in such teaching
SN  - 0003-4819
AV  - AUDIE L MURPHY MEM VET ADM MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284.
UR  - ISI:A1997XA91100006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1810
T1  - The newfound credibility of qualitative research? Tales of technical essentialism and co-option 1172
A1  - Barbour,R.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Barbour, RS, Univ Dundee, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland 33 2 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA QUAL HEALTH RES SEP Discipline: Health Policy & Services 713DL
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - Checklists
KW  - complexity
KW  - Constant Comparative Method
KW  - credibility
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - Into
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - Nursing
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - reflexivity
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Responses
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - Scotland
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - supervision
KW  - Teaching
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - US
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1019
EP  - 1027
JF  - Qualitative Health Research.2003 Dec; 13(10): 1453-62.(17 ref)
J1  - Qualitative Health Research
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
N2  - Qualitative research is no longer the "poor relation" to quantitative research that it has been in the past. However, it is important to monitor the manner in which it is becoming incorporated into the mainstream. In this article, the author examines current dangers and challenges by critically reviewing current developments affecting our own research practice. It is argued that technical essentialism (including the co-option of grounded theory) characterizes many responses to qualitative research. The author concludes by suggesting that our own everyday research practice, involving teaching and supervision, provides an opportunity to advance debates about rigor by allowing us to formulate a considered response that respects both the complexities and the unique contribution that qualitative research can make
SN  - 1049-7323
AV  - Univ Dundee, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000184840600012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1811
T1  - Evaluating and synthesizing qualitative research: the need to develop a distinctive approach 1256
A1  - Barbour,R.S.
A1  - Barbour,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Barbour, RS, Univ Glasgow, Dept Gen Practice, 4 Lancaster Crescent, Glasgow G12 0RR, Lanark, Scotland 27 14 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 685UC
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Coding
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - curiosity
KW  - data
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Into
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - NEED
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Science
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Searching
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Triangulation
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - Work
KW  - YIELD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 179
EP  - 186
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
N2  - The growing popularity of qualitative research has led to calls for it to be incorporated into the evidence base. It is argued that, in seeking to respond to this challenge, it is important that we recognize the important differences between qualitative and quantitative research and that we take this into account in developing a distinctive approach. This paper outlines the distinctive contribution made by qualitative research with regard to the nature of the curiosity involved, the iterative research process and its treatment of data, analysis and findings. We caution against simply importing templates developed for systematic review of quantitative work, and make suggestions with regard to developing a new model for evaluating and synthesizing qualitative work. The proposed new model takes a critical look at some of the assumptions underpinning systematic review, such as the process of literature searching and selection of relevant material. Although there is potential for checklist items - such as purposive sampling, respondent validation, multiple coding, triangulation and grounded theory - to be used over-prescriptively in evaluating qualitative papers, it is argued that a more creative engagement with these concepts could yield a distinctive approach more appropriate for this type of work. Moreover, we speculate that some of the questions thereby raised might be usefully applied to consideration of established procedures for reviewing quantitative work
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Univ Glasgow, Dept Gen Practice, Glasgow G12 0RR, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Univ Lib, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000183280800011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1812
T1  - An integrated program for evidence-based medicine in medical school 2005
A1  - Barnett,S.H.
A1  - Kaiser,S.
A1  - Morgan,L.K.
A1  - Sullivant,J.
A1  - Siu,A.
A1  - Rose,D.
A1  - Rico,M.
A1  - Smith,L.
A1  - Schechter,C.
A1  - Miller,M.
A1  - Stagnaro-Green,A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Barnett, SH, CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med Educ, Box 1512,1 E 100th St, New York, NY 10029 USA 35 18 MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL NEW YORK BOX 1094 ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE ATTN: CIRCULATION ASST, NEW YORK, NY 10029-6574 USA MT SINAI J MED MAR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 293WR
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - biomedical
KW  - CARE
KW  - Circulation
KW  - CLINICAL DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IF
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LIBRARY INSTRUCTION
KW  - library skills
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - PLACE
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - School
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Success
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 163
EP  - 168
JF  - Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine
VL  - 67
IS  - 2
N2  - To provide optimal care for their patients, clinicians must be able to locate and interpret the most current literature. Teaching the necessary skills to medical students is essential, if we wish to train clinicians to be able to keep up with the expansion of biomedical knowledge for their entire working lives. In this paper, we describe our school's four-year curriculum in evidence-based medicine and the performance of three senior classes on the summative evaluation exercise devised to measure the program's success
SN  - 0027-2507
AV  - CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med Educ, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Levy Lib, New York, NY 10029 USA. Long Isl Jewish Hosp, Dept Med, New Hyde Park, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Sinai Hosp, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA.
UR  - ISI:000085878400011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1813
T1  - Teaching emergency medicine residents evidence-based critical appraisal skills: A controlled trial 2125
A1  - Bazarian,J.J.
A1  - Davis,C.O.
A1  - Spillane,L.L.
A1  - Blumstein,H.
A1  - Schneider,S.M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Bazarian, JJ, Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 4-9200, Rochester, NY 14642 USA 16 20 MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA ANN EMERG MED AUG Discipline: Emergency Medicine 221JA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - emergency medicine residents
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Performance
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Rank Sum Test
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - values
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 148
EP  - 154
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
N2  - Study objectives: To compare the performance of an evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach and a traditional approach to teaching critical appraisal skills to emergency medicine residents. Methods: This was a prospective, case-controlled trial of 32 emergency medicine residents (16 control and 16 intervention). Intervention residents were exposed to a monthly, 1-hour journal club using an EBM approach to critical appraisal over the course of 1 year. Control residents were exposed to a traditional, unstructured journal club, also monthly. Both groups were given a factitious article to evaluate in an essay format before and after the 12-month study period. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare mean improvement in test scores for each group. Results: The mean improvement in test scores was 1.80 for the control group and 1.53 for the intervention group; these values were not significantly different (P=.90). The difference in mean change in test score between the 2 groups was .27 paints. Conclusion: Compared with a traditional approach, an EBM approach to teaching critical appraisal did not appear to improve the critical appraisal skills of emergency medicine residents. However, because of the small number of subjects studied, small differences in critical appraisal skill improvement cannot be ruled out
SN  - 0196-0644
AV  - Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
UR  - ISI:000081722900004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1814
T1  - A finite volume method for numerical grid generation 2139
A1  - Beale,S.B.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Beale, SB, Natl Res Council Canada, Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada 35 2 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD W SUSSEX BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND INT J NUMER METHOD FLUID JUL 15 Discipline: Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas 213XV
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ARBITRARY 2-DIMENSIONAL BODIES
KW  - Article
KW  - body-fitted co-ordinates
KW  - BOUNDARIES
KW  - BOUNDARY
KW  - Calculation
KW  - Canada
KW  - combined
KW  - Computer
KW  - control
KW  - COORDINATE SYSTEMS
KW  - Copyright
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - finite volume method
KW  - FLUID
KW  - formulation
KW  - functions
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - grid generation
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
KW  - Performance
KW  - physical
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Plasma
KW  - problems
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - space
KW  - TERM
KW  - Use
KW  - values
KW  - VARIABLES
KW  - varieties
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 523
EP  - 540
JF  - International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids
VL  - 30
IS  - 5
N2  - A novel method to generate body-fitted grids based on the direct solution for three scalar functions is derived. The solution for scalar variables xi, eta and zeta is obtained with a conventional finite volume method based on a physical space formulation. The grid is adapted or re-zoned to eliminate the residual error between the current solution and the desired solution, by means of an implicit grid-correction procedure. The scalar variables are re-mapped and the process is reiterated until convergence is obtained. Calculations are performed for a variety of problems by assuming combined Dirichlet-Neumann and pure Dirichlet boundary conditions involving the use of transcendental control functions, as well as functions designed to effect grid control automatically on the basis of boundary values. The use of dimensional analysis to build stable exponential functions and other control functions is demonstrated. Automatic procedures are implemented: one based on a finite difference approximation to the Cristoffel terms assuming local-boundary orthogonality, and another designed to procure boundary orthogonality. The performance of the new scheme is shown to be comparable with that of conventional inverse methods when calculations are performed on benchmark problems through the application of point-by-point and whole-field solution schemes. Advantages and disadvantages of the present method are critically appraised. Copyright (C) 1999 National Research Council of Canada
SN  - 0271-2091
AV  - Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000081299300004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1815
T1  - In search of the chiral regime 902
A1  - Beane,S.R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Beane, SR, Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA silas@physics.unh.edu 18 21 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS NUCL PHYS B SEP 6 Discipline: Physics, Particles & Fields 848VE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BOUNDARIES
KW  - BOUNDARY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DEPENDENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - ONE-LOOP
KW  - PERTURBATION-THEORY
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - QCD
KW  - QUARK MASS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
EP  - 198
JF  - Nuclear Physics B
VL  - 695
IS  - 1-2
N2  - A critical appraisal is given of a recent analysis of the quark-mass and finite-size dependence of unquenched lattice QCD data for the nucleon mass. We use this forum to estimate the boundary of the chiral regime for nucleon properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0550-3213
AV  - Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
UR  - ISI:000223495400008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1816
T1  - Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute occlusion of the central retinal artery: a meta-analysis of the published data 1918
A1  - Beatty,S.
A1  - Eong,K.G.A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Beatty, S, Moorfields Eye Hosp, Dept Clin Ophthalmol, Med Retina Unit, City Rd, London EC1V 2PD, England 28 15 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT J OPHTHALMOL AUG Discipline: Ophthalmology 341MX
KW  - Administration
KW  - AGENT
KW  - And
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - complications
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Fibrinolytic Therapy
KW  - form
KW  - Into
KW  - INTRAARTERIAL FIBRINOLYSIS
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Methodology
KW  - OBSTRUCTION
KW  - OCCLUSION
KW  - On
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - reports
KW  - RETINA
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - THROMBOLYSIS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 914
EP  - 916
JF  - British Journal of Ophthalmology.Vol.89(3)()(pp 378-384), 2005.
J1  - British Journal of Ophthalmology
VL  - 84
IS  - 8
N2  - Background/aim-Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is typically associated with a poor visual outcome. Several favourable reports of local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF), which involves the superselective administration of a thrombolytic agent directly into the ophthalmic artery, have appeared in the recent literature. The aim of this study was to critically appraise these studies in a critically appraise collective fashion. Methods-A meta-analysis was performed of all the published literature germane to LIF in cases of CRAO. Results-Of the 16 studies identified, all were retrospective and non-randomised. After correction for data duplication, the results of LIF in 100 patients can be reported. A final acuity of 6/6 or better was seen in 14% of patients following LIF, and a visual result of 6/12 or better was seen in 27% of subjects. A poor final acuity of 3/60 or worse was seen in 60.6% of eyes treated with local intra-arterial fibrinolysis. These results compare favourably with conventional forms of therapy. Potentially serious complications were seen in four patients, but no patient suffered a permanent neurological deficit. Conclusion-The results of this study suggest that there may be a marginal visual benefit associated with LIF compared with conventional management of CRAO. However, the methodology of the cited studies was often unsatisfactory, and a randomised controlled trial of LIF in cases of CRAO is justified. Outside of a randomised clinical trial, the use of superselective fibrinolytic therapy for CRAO cannot be recommended on the basis of current evidence
SN  - 0007-1161
AV  - Moorfields Eye Hosp, Dept Clin Ophthalmol, Med Retina Unit, London EC1V 2PD, England.
UR  - ISI:000088595100024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1817
T1  - Use of meta-analysis as a teaching strategy in nursing research courses 2593
A1  - Beck,C.T.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Beck, CT, UNIV RHODE ISL,COLL NURSING,KINGSTON,RI 02881 15 8 SLACK INC THOROFARE 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 J NURS EDUC FEB Discipline: Nursing WQ921
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMERS
KW  - COURSES
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CT
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - intervention
KW  - Intervention Studies
KW  - Intervention Study
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - nursing students
KW  - NURSING-RESEARCH
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - READ
KW  - Research
KW  - rigor
KW  - RISE
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 87
EP  - 90
JF  - Journal of Nursing Education.2004 Jun; 43(6): 285-8.(11 ref)
J1  - Journal of Nursing Education
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
N2  - In order to become knowledgeable consumers of nursing research, nursing students must be able to critically read research and determine the study's value for nursing practice. As the number of nursing intervention studies rises and research topics are studied more extensively, the use of meta-analysis in the discipline of nursing will also increase. The same scientific rigor demanded of other types of research must be applied to meta-analysis. In this article two teaching strategies using meta-analysis are shared for sharpening both undergraduate and graduate nursing students' critiquing skills. On the undergraduate level, nursing students can assess the quality of the studies included in a particular metaanalysis. On the graduate level, students can use an appraisal checklist of criteria for evaluating the actual meta-analysis
SN  - 0148-4834
UR  - ISI:A1997WQ92100009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1818
T1  - Use of ambulatory electrocardiography for the detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with stroke 2026
A1  - Bell,C.
A1  - Kapral,M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Bell, C, Canadian Task Force Prevent Hlth Care, 801 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6C 5J1, Canada 79 5 CANADIAN J NEUROL SCI INC CALGARY PO BOX 4220, STATION C EDITORIAL & SUBSCRIPTION SERV, CALGARY, AB T2T 5N1, CANADA CAN J NEUROL SCI FEB Discipline: Clinical Neurology 281CJ
KW  - AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION
KW  - And
KW  - anticoagulation
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - atrial fibrillation
KW  - ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - chronic
KW  - clinical
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Editorial
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Electrocardiogram
KW  - Electrocardiography
KW  - EMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Experts
KW  - FORCE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - individual patients
KW  - interpretation
KW  - investigation
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - On
KW  - P-WAVE
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Preventive Health Care
KW  - RATES
KW  - RECURRENT
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - SAFE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Stroke
KW  - SYSTEMIC EMBOLISM
KW  - TASK-FORCE
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
KW  - TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS
KW  - Use
KW  - Warfarin
KW  - YIELD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 25
EP  - 31
JF  - Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - Background: Patients with stroke commonly undergo investigations to determine the underlying cause of stroke. These investigations often include ambulatory electrocardiography to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. There is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding whether routine ambulatory electrocardiography should be performed in all or selected stroke patients. This paper reviews the available evidence on (1) the yield of ambulatory electrocardiography in detecting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack and (2) the effectiveness of anticoagulation in preventing recurrent stroke in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Methods: A MEDLINE search for primary articles was performed, and the references were reviewed manually. In addition, citations were obtained from experts. The evidence was systematically reviewed using the evidence-based methodology of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. Results: Ambulatory electrocardiography can detect atrial fibrillation not found on initial electrocardiogram in between 1% and 5 % of people with stroke. Ambulatory electrocardiography is generally safe. The risk of recurrent stroke in the setting of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is uncertain, but appears to be similar to that seen with chronic atrial fibrillation (about 12% per year). Therapy with warfarin may reduce this risk by about two-thirds as compared to placebo. The annual risk of major bleeding with warfarin therapy is between 1% and 3% but rates for individual patients depend on various specific risk factors. Interpretation: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of ambulatory electrocardiography for the detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in either selected or unselected patients with stroke (C Recommendation). There is fair evidence to recommend therapy with warfarin for patients with stroke and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (B Recommendation)
SN  - 0317-1671
AV  - Univ Toronto, Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Program Clin Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Clin Epidemiol, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000085140300004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1819
T1  - Myocardial infarction in women: A critical appraisal of gender differences in outcomes 1891
A1  - Bell,D.M.
A1  - Nappi,J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Bell, DM, W Virginia Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, 1124 HSN,Box 9520, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA 73 8 PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC BOSTON NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOX 806 171 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA PHARMACOTHERAPY SEP Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 351WT
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - AGENT
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Confounding Variable
KW  - CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - Death
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - efficacy
KW  - ELDERLY PATIENTS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Gender
KW  - GENDER-DIFFERENCES
KW  - HEART-DISEASE
KW  - IF
KW  - IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY
KW  - MEN
KW  - Mortality
KW  - myocardial infarction
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - NATIONAL REGISTRY
KW  - New England
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - pharmacotherapy
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - Registries
KW  - REGISTRY
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - SEX-DIFFERENCES
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - UNSTABLE ANGINA
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VARIABLES
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1044
JF  - Pharmacotherapy
VL  - 20
IS  - 9
N2  - In every year since 1984, cardiovascular disease has claimed the lives of more women than men. Data from randomized trials indicate that gender contributes to increased mortality after myocardial infarction independent of other risk factors, but additional confounding variables cannot be discounted. Data from registry databases indicate that women are less likely to receive medically proven therapies for myocardial infarction, Women experience more vague symptoms, which may account for underuse of effective therapies. In addition, they may benefit less from thrombolytic therapy than men. Increased use of thrombolytic therapy has resulted in a continued decrease in cardiovascular deaths for men, but not for women. It is unclear if this disparity is a result of inequitable access to therapy or decreased efficacy of these agents in women
SN  - 0277-0008
AV  - W Virginia Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, Robert C Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
UR  - ISI:000089182800003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1820
T1  - 'From outward bound to inward bound': The prophetic voices and discursive practices of spiritual management development 828
A1  - Bell,E.
A1  - Taylor,S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Bell, E, Univ Warwick, Sch Business, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England emma.bell@wbs.ac.uk s.taylor.2@bham.ac.uk 72 3 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND HUM RELAT APR Discipline: Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary 873OQ
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - business
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critique
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - discourses
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Experience
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - form
KW  - Foundations
KW  - human potential
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - IMPLICIT RELIGION
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Into
KW  - Life
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - management development
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - meaning
KW  - Motivation
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - new age
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - psychology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - self
KW  - social movement
KW  - Social Movements
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - TERM
KW  - TEXT
KW  - texts
KW  - theoretical
KW  - theoretical foundations
KW  - transpersonal psychology
KW  - Vision
KW  - workplace spirituality
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 439
EP  - 466
JF  - Human Relations
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
N2  - This article seeks to identify the theoretical foundations and practical features of spiritual management development (SMD) through social movements which have enabled the diffusion of religious practices into secular life and led to the development of a more spiritualized psychology. Although similarities can be seen with outdoor management development, SMD is distinctive because it encourages subjects to search for meaning in their everyday working life through engagement with an inner self. It thus encourages an internalized, implicit form of religiosity where the search for self-understanding and the search for meaning are closely aligned. Through a recontextualized, critical reading of the idealistic, Utopian visions portrayed by Maslow and Fromm and the spiritual, transpersonal psychologies of Jung and Assagioli, the intellectual foundations from which SMD practice has developed are traced. Analysis of the texts associated with SMD practice illustrates how these discourses are made meaningful to managers through the concepts of self-realization, holism and personal and embodied experience which define events as implicitly religious. However, by defining managerial identity in terms of the inner self and placing responsibility for change on the individual, SMD is isolated from possible critique and transformed from a potentially enlightening into a potentially repressive project
SN  - 0018-7267
AV  - Univ Warwick, Sch Business, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Business, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000225290300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1821
T1  - Aesthetic implant restorations in partially edentulous patients - a critical appraisal 2370
A1  - Belser,U.C.
A1  - Buser,D.
A1  - Hess,D.
A1  - Schmid,B.
A1  - Bernard,J.P.
A1  - Lang,N.P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Belser, UC, Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont, Geneva, Switzerland 71 23 MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD COPENHAGEN 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK PERIODONTOL 2000 Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine ZZ714
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Denmark
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - EDENTULOUS PATIENTS
KW  - English
KW  - Implant
KW  - implant restorations
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - restoration
KW  - RESTORATIONS
KW  - SUPPORTED MANDIBULAR PROSTHESES
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - WITHIN-SUBJECT COMPARISONS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 132
EP  - 150
JF  - Periodontology 2000
VL  - 17
SN  - 0906-6713
AV  - Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Surg, Berne, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Sch Dent Med, Dept Periodontol & Fixed Prosthodont, Berne, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Sch Dent Med, Div Stomatol & Oral Surg, Geneva, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000074759700013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1822
T1  - Therapeutic drug monitoring of psychotropic drugs - TDM "Nouveau" 920
A1  - Bengtsson,F.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Bengtsson, F, Linkoping Univ Hosp, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Care, Div Clin Pharmacol, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden finn.bengtsson@inr.liu.se 23 7 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA THER DRUG MONIT APR Discipline: Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology 844GW
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical efficacy
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - concentration-effect relationship
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Monitoring
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - Insight
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Marketing
KW  - Model
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - NORTRIPTYLINE
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - optimization
KW  - outcome
KW  - pharmacokinetic variability
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Plasma
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychoactive drugs
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - READER
KW  - reason
KW  - Reference Values
KW  - relationships
KW  - SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
KW  - SERUM
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - survey
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Technology
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Theoretical Model
KW  - therapeutic drug monitoring
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VARIABILITY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 145
EP  - 151
JF  - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
N2  - TDM applied in psychiatry dates back several decades. The reason for this is that, after the advent of modem clinical psychopharmacology around the middle of the past century, an insight came to common knowledge about the existence of (1) a large inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability for virtually all psychoactive drugs and (2) a worse clinical efficacy not only in inadequate drug concentrations but also in excessively high concentrations. From this concept, the definition of a therapeutic concentration "window" was evidenced for a substantial number of, primarily, antidepressant drugs. However, with the further extensive development of the clinically available pharmacopoeia of psychoactive drugs from the later 1980s until today, the concept of less toxic compounds than before has commonly been launched in the marketing strategies for these newer drugs. This concept also led to the idea that TDM was no longer necessary for the newer types of psychoactive drugs, a position backed up by difficulties in unraveling concentration-effect relationships generally for these drugs in clinical trials. The present survey summarizes the background history for TDM in psychiatry and makes a critical appraisal of why a "lack" of definition of concentration-effect relationships for newer psychoactive drugs is now common. This survey also provides the reader with a novel concept challenging ambient TDM strategies (referred to as TDM "traditionelle") in psychiatry by forwarding a theoretical model called TDM "nouveau." In this model both inter- and intraindividual (over time) PK variation is suggested to be used for dose optimization by TDM in a naturalistic clinical setting. The previous concept of a simple, common concentration "window" existing for all such drugs is questioned by promotion of the use of available PK data merely as "guiding principles" rather than as "reference values" when interpreting the TDM outcome in individual cases
SN  - 0163-4356
AV  - Linkoping Univ Hosp, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Care, Div Clin Pharmacol, SE-58185 Linkoping, Sweden.
UR  - ISI:000223147100011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1823
T1  - A proposed higher education institution-based Three Rs advisory service 875
A1  - Berdoy,M.
A1  - Repp,C.R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Berdoy, M, Univ Oxford, Vet Serv, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, England manuel.berdoy@vet.ox.ac.uk 4 0 FRAME NOTTINGHAM RUSSELL & BURCH HOUSE 96-98 NORTH SHERWOOD ST, NOTTINGHAM NG1 4EE, NOTTS, ENGLAND ATLA-ALTERN LAB ANIM SEP Suppl. 2 Discipline: Veterinary Sciences 861OJ
KW  - academia
KW  - alternatives
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - CONTINUING-EDUCATION
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - education and training
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical review
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - good practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - higher education
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - NORTH
KW  - On
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - PARTNERSHIP
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Reduction
KW  - refinement
KW  - REPLACEMENT
KW  - Research
KW  - research method
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - SPREAD
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 9
EP  - 11
JF  - ATLA-Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
VL  - 32
N2  - The University of Oxford's Ethical Review Process (ERP) is promoting a pilot scheme for a collaborative UK higher education institution-based Three Rs advisory service. it is believed that there is scope for UK academia to make a significant contribution, through the spread of its science base and the availability of high-quality library and IT services. A collaborative approach based on the concept of the critically appraised topic is envisaged, to minimise duplication and to ensure that limited resources are used to good effect. The initial objective is to identify, research, and validate refinement and replacement alternatives, drawing on both the skills of the information professional and the analogy of evidence-based health care. The results would be disseminated among member institutions by way of web-based systems, which could also offer on-line training in search strategies. The service would provide assistance to university-based project licence applicants, and would contribute to achieving the aims of the ERP, as an initiative "leading to the widest possible application of the Three Rs". it is hoped to develop the scheme in partnership with research council initiatives now under way, as the councils play a key role as funders, not only of research, but also of research student training. Universities are uniquely positioned, as centres of scientific education and, through continuing education, of continuing professional development, to provide a base for training in good practice. A successful pilot project could provide a foundation for a similar approach to reduction strategies and experimental design
SN  - 0261-1929
AV  - Univ Oxford, Vet Serv, Oxford OX1 3PT, England.
UR  - ISI:000224426100004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1824
T1  - Caring for the ethical ideal: Nel Noddings on moral education 958
A1  - Bergman,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Bergman, R, Creighton Univ, Justice & Peace Studies Program, Omaha, NE 68178 USA rbjps@creighton.edu 21 0 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND J MORAL EDUC JUN Discipline: Education & Educational Research 829UW
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - Character
KW  - character education
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DEPTH
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Philosophy
KW  - educational practice
KW  - educational research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical ideal
KW  - Evil
KW  - FEMINIST
KW  - Insight
KW  - Into
KW  - Justice
KW  - moral education
KW  - Morality
KW  - NEED
KW  - Nel Noddings
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - philosophers
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research
KW  - self
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - USA
KW  - Vision
KW  - Work
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 149
EP  - 162
JF  - Journal of Moral Education
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - Nel Noddings is arguably one of the premier philosophers of moral education in the English-speaking world today. Although she is outside the mainstream theory, research, and practice traditions of cognitive-developmentalism (the Kohlberg legacy) and of character education (which is in public ascendancy), her body of work is unrivalled for originality of insight, comprehensiveness and coherence. Whilst Carol Gilligan's In a different voice (1982) introduced the ethic of caring into academic and public discourse, it is Noddings 'who has done most to outline a specific feminist position on moral education' (McClellan, 1999, p. 104), and whose influence extends to educational practice. This essay explicates Noddings's vision in sufficient depth to make the foregoing claims credible. Thematic focus is given to her attention to the ethical self or ethical ideal. The paper also examines Noddings's perspective on character education and the need to incorporate a morality of evil into any serious educational philosophy or practice. It is less a critical appraisal of that vision and perspective than an invitation to others to more fully engage with Noddings's writings.(1)
SN  - 0305-7240
AV  - Creighton Univ, Justice & Peace Studies Program, Omaha, NE 68178 USA.
UR  - ISI:000222076700003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1825
T1  - From practice to research: The case for criticism in an age of evidence 2302
A1  - Berkwits,M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Berkwits, M, Philadelphia Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA 71 15 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SOC SCI MED NOV Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical 130ZA
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - biomedical
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - critical
KW  - critical consciousness
KW  - critical studies
KW  - Criticism
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - effort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - form
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Cost
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Influences
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - READER
KW  - reason
KW  - Research
KW  - research method
KW  - research methods
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Social Values
KW  - sociocultural perspectives
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - Validity
KW  - writers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1545
JF  - Social Science & Medicine.1997 Jul; 45(1): 23-33.(80 ref)
J1  - Social Science & Medicine
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
N2  - The growth in research and in health care costs has made it important for clinicians to use and critically appraise published evidence for their medical decisions. The evidence-based medicine movement is an example of the present effort to teach clinicians to evaluate research evidence by methodologic standards. Though this effort can only improve the clinical decisions of practitioners, it suggests that when assessing evidence there are no reasons to critically evaluate the standards of research and evidence themselves. A precedent for assessing standards of research and evidence exists in the broad tradition known as "criticism". Using contextual, cultural and other forms of analysis, writers have used criticism to;show that the meaning and validity of scientific evidence is influenced as much by the sociocultural characteristics of readers and users as it is by the meticulous use of research methods. Scholars outside of medicine have suggested, for example, that data become evidence only in the context of specific beliefs and disagreements and that there are interesting pragmatic reasons why we see some forms of evidence and not others in the medical literature. Social critical studies of research and evidence would reveal the many influences similar to these that are relevant to clinical medicine. The effort would be practically useful to physicians, who with a broader understanding of research could critically appraise published evidence from both scientific and sociocultural perspectives. It would also help correct an imbalance in contemporary medicine in which clinicians are being trained to maintain high standards of critical consciousness in methodological domains but not in the broader historical and sociocultural domains which subsume them. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0277-9536
AV  - Philadelphia Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
UR  - ISI:000076549500014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1826
T1  - Part II. Statistical issues in the design of orthopaedic studies - Statistical sampling and hypothesis testing in orthopaedic research 1188
A1  - Bernstein,J.
A1  - McGuire,K.
A1  - Freedman,K.B.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Bernstein, J, Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, 424 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA 4 2 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CLIN ORTHOP RELATED RES AUG Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 710TP
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BONE
KW  - clinical
KW  - control
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - JOINT
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - NEED
KW  - orthopaedics
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - P-Value
KW  - PART
KW  - power
KW  - Probability
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS
KW  - READER
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - SAMPLE-SIZE
KW  - Sampling
KW  - statistical power
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - testing
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Type II Error
KW  - USA
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 55
EP  - 62
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.2003 Aug; 413 8-163.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
IS  - 413
N2  - The purpose of the current article was to review the process of hypothesis testing and statistical sampling and empower readers to critically appraise the literature. When the p value of a study lies above the alpha threshold, the results are said to be not statistically significant. It is possible, however, that real differences do exist, but the study was insufficiently powerful to detect them. In that case, the conclusion that two groups are equivalent is wrong. The probability of this mistake, the Type II error, is given by the beta statistic. The complement of beta, or Ibeta, representing the chance of avoiding a Type II error, is termed the statistical power of the study. We previously examined the statistical power and sample size in all of the studies published in 1997 in the American and British volumes of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, and in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. In the journals examined, only 3% of studies had adequate statistical power to detect a small effect size in this sample. In addition, a study examining only randomized control trials in these journals showed that none of 25 randomized control trials had adequate statistical power to detect a small effect size. However, beta, or power, is less well understood. Because of this, researchers and readers should be aware of the need to address issues of statistical power before a study begins and be cautious of studies that conclude that no difference exists between groups
SN  - 0009-921X
AV  - Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
UR  - ISI:000184697700008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1827
T1  - Postgraduate musculoskeletal fellowship training in the United States: current trends and future direction 1229
A1  - Berquist,T.H.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Berquist, TH, Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Diagnost Radiol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA 14 0 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SKELETAL RADIOL JUN Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 694JT
KW  - ABLATION
KW  - accredited
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Conferences
KW  - CT
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - Distance learning
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Imaging
KW  - injections
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - invasive procedures
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MRI
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - PACS
KW  - Pain
KW  - pain management
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Positron Emission Tomography
KW  - POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Radiofrequency Ablation
KW  - RADIOGRAPHY
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RADIOLOGY CURRICULUM
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency programs
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Responses
KW  - RHEUMATOLOGY
KW  - rotation
KW  - SPINE
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - TRAINING-PROGRAMS
KW  - trends
KW  - Ultrasonography
KW  - unaccredited
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - web-based learning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 337
EP  - 342
JF  - Skeletal Radiology
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
N2  - Objective: To document current postgraduate musculoskeletal training program (accredited and unaccredited) curricula and approaches to education. Design and patients: Questionnaires were sent to all musculoskeletal training programs. Responses regarding radiology residency and fellowship program sizes, types of imaging and invasive procedures included, and other program parameters were solicited. Features of accredited and unaccredited programs were compared. Teaching approaches, including the use of web-based or distance learning were evaluated. Results: Twenty-nine (73%) of 40 musculoskeletal programs responded to the questionnaire. Twenty-eight percent of programs were accredited and 72% unaccredited. Radiology residencies were also present at all responding institutions (the majority had a class size of 4-8/year). Residency programs in related specialties included pathology 96%, orthopedics and rheumatology 90%, oncology 83% and pain management 69%. The majority (93-100%) provided training in radiography, MRI and CT. Spine MRI was included in 69% of programs, ultrasonography in 62% and positron emission tomography in 24%. Arthrography and diagnostic and therapeutic injections (100%) were included in all programs. Other invasive procedures, including spine and radiofrequency ablation, were offered less frequently. Teaching approaches included conferences (100%), journal clubs (62%), multidisciplinary conferences (45-90%), web-based learning (30%) and distance learning (7%). Forty-one percent of programs offered off-site rotations. Conclusions: The majority of musculoskeletal training programs prepared trainees for private or academic practice. There are inconsistencies that could be improved to better prepare trainees for careers in musculoskeletal imaging
SN  - 0364-2348
AV  - Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.
UR  - ISI:000183772000003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1828
T1  - Atlas versus NextGen model atmospheres: A combined analysis of synthetic spectral energy distributions 928
A1  - Bertone,E.
A1  - Buzzoni,A.
A1  - Chavez,M.
A1  - Rodriguez-Merino,L.H.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Bertone, E, Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Elect, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla 72840, Mexico 83 8 UNIV CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA ASTRON J AUG Discipline: Astronomy & Astrophysics 843QO
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ATMOSPHERES
KW  - Average
KW  - BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS
KW  - Calibration
KW  - CAPABILITY
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Classification
KW  - combined
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSTRAINTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE
KW  - English
KW  - F-TYPE
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - GALACTIC METALLICITY GRADIENT
KW  - GIANT STARS
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - Impact
KW  - LATE-TYPE STARS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - MAIN-SEQUENCE
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Observation
KW  - OLD STELLAR POPULATIONS
KW  - On
KW  - OPEN CLUSTERS
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - physical
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Sample
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SEQUENCE
KW  - space
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ATLAS
KW  - Standard
KW  - stars : atmospheres
KW  - stars : fundamental parameters
KW  - structure
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TARGET
KW  - Temperature
KW  - TESTS
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Theoretical Model
KW  - US
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 829
EP  - 841
JF  - Astronomical Journal
VL  - 128
IS  - 2
N2  - We carried out a critical appraisal of the two theoretical models, Kurucz' ATLAS9 and PHOENIX/NextGen, for stellar atmosphere synthesis. Our tests relied on the theoretical fit of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for a sample of 334 target stars along the whole spectral-type sequence, from the classical optical catalogs of Gunn & Stryker and Jacoby et al. The best-fitting physical parameters (T-eff, log g) of stars allowed an independent calibration of the temperature and bolometric scale versus empirical classification parameters (i.e., spectral type and MK luminosity class); in addition, the comparison of the synthetic templates from the ATLAS and NextGen grids allowed us to probe the capability of the models to match spectrophotometric properties of real stars and assess the impact of the different input physics. We can sketch the following main conclusions of our analysis: ( 1) Fitting accuracy of both theoretical libraries drastically degrades at low T-eff at which both ATLAS and NextGen models still fail to properly account for the contribution of molecular features in the observed SED of K-M stars. ( 2) Compared with empirical calibrations, both ATLAS and NextGen fits tend, on average, to predict slightly warmer (by 4%-8%) T-eff for both giant and dwarf stars of fixed spectral type, but ATLAS provides, in general, a sensibly better fit (a factor of 2 lower sigma of flux residuals) than NextGen. ( 3) There is a striking tendency of NextGen to label target stars with an effective temperature and surface gravity higher than that of ATLAS. The effect is especially evident for MK I-III objects for which about one in four stars is clearly misclassified by NextGen in log g. This is a consequence of some "degeneracy'' in the solution space, partly induced by the different input physics and geometry constraints in the computation of the integrated emerging flux ( ATLAS model atmospheres assume standard plane-parallel layers, while NextGen adopts, for low-gravity stars, a spherical-shell geometry). A different T(tau) vertical structure of stellar atmosphere seems also required for NextGen synthetic SEDs in order to better account for limb-darkening effects in cool stars, as supported by the recent observations of the EROS BLG2000-5 microlensing event
SN  - 0004-6256
AV  - Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Elect, Tonantzintla 72840, Mexico. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000223099600024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1829
T1  - Observing observers. Von Foerster, Luhmann, and management thinking 627
A1  - Beyes,T.P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Beyes, TP, Univ St Gallen, Inst Sociol, St Gallen, Switzerland 41 1 EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED BRADFORD 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND KYBERNETES Discipline: Computer Science, Cybernetics 943QM
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Computer
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - CYBERNETICS
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - ideas
KW  - Insight
KW  - Management
KW  - management science
KW  - management theory
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organization and Management
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - researchers
KW  - Science
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Sociology
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - systems theory
KW  - TEXT
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Thinking
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 448
EP  - 459
JF  - Kybernetes
VL  - 34
IS  - 3-4
N2  - Purpose - The paper discusses possible implications of Heinz von Foerster's notion of second-order cybernetics for management thinking. The purpose of this paper is to outline challenges of as well as prospective further developments for management theory that emanate from second-order cybernetics. Design/methodology/approach - As a conceptual paper, the paper tries to develop its findings through theoretically applying von Foerster's insights to management thinking's conventional assumptions. When looking for applications of von Foerster's approach within the social sciences, at least in german-speaking countries one sooner or later comes across Niklas Luhmann's system sociology. Hence, Luhmann's version of the theory of the observer is introduced and its take on organization and management is briefly outlined. Drawing upon von Foerster's and Luhmann's reflections, possible implications for management thinking are presented - ideas that might be disagreeable for "classical" management science but might set out a path for further developments of management thinking. Findings - What difference might second-order cybernetics (and autopoietic systems sociology) make for management thinking? As a conclusion, deliberately poignant statements are formulated, calling for a higher degree of self-reflection, for critical readings of conventional texts, for more complex descriptions of organizations and for a more modest, low-key take on management theory's endeavours. Originality/value - Whereas first-order cybernetics has been fairly well-received in management theory, second-order cybernetics, which poses troubling questions to conventional epistemologies, remained relatively unpopular. Acts of "observing observers" reclaim these questions, possibly leading to valuable insights for researchers and reflected practitioners alike
SN  - 0368-492X
AV  - Univ St Gallen, Inst Sociol, St Gallen, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000230369000017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1830
T1  - Challenges to the practice of evidence-based medicine during residents' surgical training: A qualitative study using grounded theory 1051
A1  - Bhandari,M.
A1  - Montori,V.
A1  - Devereaux,P.J.
A1  - Dosanjh,S.
A1  - Sprague,S.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Bhandari, M, McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Fac Hlth Sci, 1200 Main St W,Room 2C9, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada bhandari@sympatico.ca 26 8 ASSOC AMER MEDICAL COLLEGES WASHINGTON 2450 N ST N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1126 USA ACAD MED NOV Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 801BJ
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - activity
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Coding
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communication
KW  - CONSTRAINTS
KW  - content
KW  - Content Analysis
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - daily activities
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Fear
KW  - Grounded Theory
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - reform
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Patient
KW  - SURGICAL PRACTICE
KW  - surgical resident
KW  - Surgical Training
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1190
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 11
N2  - Purpose. To examine surgical trainees' barriers to implementing and adopting evidence-based medicine (EBM) in the day-to-day care of surgical patients. Method. In 2000, 28 surgical residents from various subspecialties at a hospital affiliated with McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences in Ontario, Canada, participated in a focus group (n = 8) and semistructured interviews (n = 20) to explore their perceptions of barriers to the practice of EBM during their training. Additional themes were explored, such as definitions of EBM and potential strategies to implement EBM during training. The canons and procedures of the grounded theory approach to qualitative research guided the coding and content analysis of the data derived from the focus group and semistructured interviews. Results. Residents identified personal barriers, staff-surgeon barriers, and institutional barriers that limited their ability to apply EBM in their daily activities. Residents perceived their lack of education in EBM, time constraints, lack of priority, and fear of staff disapproval as major challenges to practicing EBM. Moreover, the lack of ready access to surgical EBM resource materials proved to be an important additional factor limiting EBM surgical practice. Residents identified several strategies to overcome these barriers to EBM, including hiring staff surgeons with EBM training, offering coursework in critical appraisal for all staff, improving interdepartmental communication, and providing greater flexibility for EBM training. Conclusions. Surgical residents identified a general lack of education, time constraints, lack of priority, and staff disapproval as important factors limiting incorporation of EBM. Curriculum reform and surgeon education may help overcome these barriers
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Fac Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000220071100015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1831
T1  - A critical appraisal of the determination of activation energy of TL peaks by Kirsh method 489
A1  - Bhattacharya,M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Bhattacharya, M, Krishnath Coll, Dept Phys, Berhampore 742, Murshidabad 742101, W Bengal, India 36 1 WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD SINGAPORE 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE MOD PHYS LETT B NOV 30 Discipline: Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical 994LD
KW  - ACTIVATION
KW  - activation energy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CONDUCTIVITY
KW  - coupled differential equations
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CURVES
KW  - DEPENDENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - GENERAL-ORDER KINETICS
KW  - India
KW  - INITIAL RISE METHOD
KW  - Into
KW  - Kirsh method
KW  - MATTER
KW  - method
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - order of kinetics
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Singapore
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - THERMALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE GLOW PEAKS
KW  - TL peaks
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
KW  - WORLD
KW  - YIELD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1387
EP  - 1396
JF  - Modern Physics Letters B
VL  - 19
IS  - 27
N2  - An attempt has been made to assess critically the suitability of Kirsh method for synthetic TL peaks obtained by solving the set of coupled differential equations. TL peaks represented by three different models namely (i) One Trap One Recombination center (OTOR), (ii) Non-interactive MultiTrap System (NMTS) and (iii) Interactive MultiTrap System (IMTS) have been taken into consideration. It has been found that Kirsh method yields resonably good values of activation energy except for the NMTS model. The validity of the method has been adjudged further by applying it for the determination of activation energies of a number of experimental TL peaks of BeO
SN  - 0217-9849
AV  - Krishnath Coll, Dept Phys, Murshidabad 742101, W Bengal, India.
UR  - ISI:000234032400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1832
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injured 550
A1  - Biering-Sorensen,F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Biering-Sorensen, F, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Clin Spinal Cord Injuries, Havnevej 25, DK-3100 Hornbaek, Denmark 18 0 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SPINAL CORD OCT Discipline: Clinical Neurology 971LQ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - CORD
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - Denmark
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - Integration
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - maintenance
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - NEED
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Patient
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Research
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries
KW  - spinal cord injury
KW  - SPINAL-CORD
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 587
EP  - 592
JF  - Spinal Cord
VL  - 43
IS  - 10
N2  - The interest for evidence-based medicine (EBM) has grown, due to the enormous and exponentially increasing amount of medical literature published. EBM is 'the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values'. The steps in the EBM process are ( 1) convert the need for information into a question; ( 2) find the best evidence; ( 3) critically evaluate the evidence; ( 4) integrate the critical appraisal with clinical expertise and the patient's unique biology, values, and circumstances; ( 5) evaluate the process and seek ways to improve effectiveness and efficiency. Both limitations related to the accumulation of evidence and the use and possible misuse of EBM in the health care are important to be aware of in the daily clinical environment. For use of EMB in treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury MEDLINE is the most sensitive source for evidence due to its comprehensiveness and up to date maintenance, and the best preappraised evidence source is the Cochrane Library and Best Evidence. Clinical Practice Guidelines may provide a good summary of the actual evidence. In spite of limitations and dangers related to EMB, health care professionals generally agree that they should strive to incorporate evidence-based interventions into the multifacetted clinical decision-making process, including the individual patient values and circumstances
SN  - 1362-4393
AV  - Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Clin Spinal Cord Injuries, DK-3100 Hornbaek, Denmark.
UR  - ISI:000232386000003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1833
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in dermatology 1978
A1  - Bigby,M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Bigby, M, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA 46 6 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA DERMATOL CLIN APR Discipline: Dermatology 304JC
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - HERPES-ZOSTER
KW  - hierarchy of evidence
KW  - Independence
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Israel
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SERIES
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 261
EP  - +
JF  - Dermatologic Clinics
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the use of the best current evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Practicing EBM requires five steps: formulating well built clinical questions, finding the best evidence to answer the questions, critically appraising the evidence, applying the evidence to specific patients, and saving the critically appraised evidence. The quality (strength) of evidence is based on a hierarchy of evidence: results of systematic reviews of well-designed clinical studies, results of large case series, and expert opinion. Once the best evidence has been found, the EBM approach involves critically appraising the quality of the evidence, determining its magnitude and precision, and applying it to the specific patient. Guidelines to critically appraise and apply evidence are available
SN  - 0733-8635
AV  - Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
UR  - ISI:000086479200011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1834
T1  - Export-oriented industrialization and regional development: A case study of Maquiladora production in Yucatan, Mexico 931
A1  - Biles,J.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Biles, JJ, Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA jbiles@wmich.edu 54 0 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND REG STUD JUL Discipline: Environmental Studies; Geography 838YN
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - ECONOMIES
KW  - Economy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - export-oriented industrialization
KW  - FIRM
KW  - FIRMS
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - Impact
KW  - Income
KW  - Industrialization
KW  - Industry
KW  - input-output analysis
KW  - JOB
KW  - LOCATION
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Maquiladoras
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Michigan
KW  - MULTIPLIERS
KW  - On
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - REGION
KW  - regional development
KW  - regions
KW  - SPREAD
KW  - STATE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - the state
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 519
EP  - 534
JF  - Regional Studies
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
N2  - This study provides a critical appraisal of export-oriented industrialization (EOI), in the guise of maquiladora production, as a regional development strategy in the case of Yucatan, Mexico. Maquiladoras are export-oriented assembly plants characterized by the labour-intensive manufacture of imported components. Traditionally, these firms have located along the US-Mexico border. However, during the past decade maquiladora production has spread to other regions of Mexico. Perhaps the most dramatic shift in maquiladora location has been experienced by the state of Yucatan where export-oriented firms now account for one-third of all manufacturing jobs and more than two-thirds of all exports. Interregional input-output analysis reveals that maquiladora production has had a positive impact on economic growth and distribution of income in both urban and rural regions of the state. However, since the E 0 1 strategy has failed to promote significant structural change in regional economies, long-term sustainable economic development in Yucatan is unlikely
SN  - 0034-3404
AV  - Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
UR  - ISI:000222750600005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1835
T1  - Learning about the world of work: Co-opting school students' paid work experiences 614
A1  - Billett,S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Billett, S, Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia 39 1 AUSTRALIAN ASSOC RESEARCH EDUCATION COLDSTREAM PO BOX 71, COLDSTREAM, VICTORIA 3770, AUSTRALIA AUST EDUC RES APR Discipline: Education & Educational Research 947WP
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - Employment
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Goals
KW  - High School
KW  - High School Student
KW  - High School Students
KW  - HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Learning
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Part Time Employment
KW  - PATHWAY
KW  - PATHWAYS
KW  - Peers
KW  - PLACEMENT
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - school students
KW  - schools
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - TOOL
KW  - understanding
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Experience
KW  - Work Experience Programs
KW  - Workplace
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 66
JA  - Australian Educational Researcher
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
N2  - This paper proposes co-opting high school students' paid part-time work experiences to develop their critical understanding of the world of work, beyond their schooling through post-school pathways. It argues that unlike work experience program or work placements organised through schools, students' paid part-time employment provides authentic workplace experiences that have the potential to inform students deeply and critically about the world of work. These experiences include the reciprocal obligations that arise from paid employment and, as such, provide a rich base for high school students to explore the world of work, relationships in the workplace, what constitutes more and less valued work and how work is organised and rewarded. The co-opting of students' work experiences for school-based activities may provide a useful base to explore the world of work both for those students who are employed part-time and those not employed in part-time work, but able to learn from their peers' experiences. To assist achieving these goals some pedagogic tools are required to effectively describe, analyse and illuminate these experiences in classroom settings. A way of describing and critically appraising this paid work is proposed through individual and collective consideration of the activities and interactions that constitute students' paid work experience. Given the difficulty of organising workplace placements and work experience programs, and the potentially richer outcomes, co-opting students' paid work experiences presents a viable and worthwhile resource available in most classrooms for learning more about the world of work
SN  - 0311-6999
AV  - Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000230678300004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1836
T1  - Valuing the benefits and costs of health care programmes: where's the 'extra' in extra-welfarism? 1323
A1  - Birch,S.
A1  - Donaldson,C.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Birch, S, McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Ctr Hlth Econ & Policy Anal, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 53 17 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SOC SCI MED MAR Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical 649MF
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - biomedical
KW  - Canada
KW  - CAPABILITY
KW  - CAPACITY
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - extra-welfarism
KW  - form
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - justification
KW  - Life
KW  - life-years
KW  - limitations
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - problems
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Adjusted Life Year
KW  - respect
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - roots
KW  - Science
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - theoretical
KW  - welfarism
KW  - WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1133
JF  - Social Science & Medicine.1997 Jul; 45(1): 23-33.(80 ref)
J1  - Social Science & Medicine
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
N2  - The application of Sen's notion of capabilities to problems of the allocation of resources to health in the form of an extra-welfarist framework underlies the justification of quality adjusted life years (QALYs) as the method for valuing the benefits of health care. In this paper we critically appraise this application from both conceptual and empirical perspectives. We show that the alleged limitations of the welfarist approach are essentially limitations in its application, not in the capacity of the approach to accommodate the concerns of extra-welfarists. Moreover, the arguments used to justify the application of the extra-welfarist framework are essentially welfarist. We demonstrate that the methods used to measure QALYs share their basic theoretical roots with welfarist valuation methods, such as willingness to pay (WTP). Although QALYs and WTP share many challenges, we argue that WTP provides a method which performs better with respect to those challenges. In the context of evaluating alternative allocations of health care resources we are left asking what is 'extra' in extra-welfarism? (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0277-9536
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Ctr Hlth Econ & Policy Anal, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Econ, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000181212000019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1837
T1  - Information created to evade reality (ICER) - Things we should not look to for answers 117
A1  - Birch,S.
A1  - Gafni,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Birch, S, McMaster Univ, Ctr Hlth Econ & Policy Anal, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada birch@mcmaster.ca 50 5 ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD AUCKLAND 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND PHARMACOECONOMICS Sp. Iss. SI Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 109MH
KW  - alternative
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
KW  - context
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - cost-effectiveness analysis
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - economics
KW  - EFFECTIVENESS LEAGUE TABLES
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - EXPENDITURES
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - gains
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Economics
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Information
KW  - international
KW  - Literature
KW  - LONG
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NATIONAL INSTITUTE
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - NICE
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - question
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Question
KW  - SI
KW  - theoretical
KW  - UNCONTROLLED GROWTH
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1131
JF  - Pharmacoeconomics.Vol.23(6)()(pp 595-606), 2005.
J1  - Pharmacoeconomics
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
N2  - Cost-effectiveness analysis has been advocated in the health economics methods literature and adopted in a growing number of jurisdictions as an evidence base for decision makers charged with maximising health gains from available resources. This paper critically appraises the information generated by cost-effectiveness analysis, in particular the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). It is shown that this ratio is used as comparative information on what are non-comparable options and hence evades the reality of the decision-maker's problem. The theoretical basis for the ICER approach is the simplification of theoretical assumptions that have no relevance to the decision maker's context. Although alternative, well established methods can be used for addressing the decision maker's problem, faced with the increasing evidence of the theoretical and empirical failures of the cost-effectiveness approach, some proponents of the approach now propose changing the research question to suit the approach as opposed to adopting a more appropriate method for the prevailing and continuing problem. As long as decision makers are concerned with making the best use of available healthcare resources, cost-effectiveness analysis and the ICER should not be where we look for answers
SN  - 1170-7690
AV  - McMaster Univ, Ctr Hlth Econ & Policy Anal, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000242311800008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1838
T1  - Using economic valuation techniques to inform water resources management: A survey and critical appraisal of available techniques and an application 272
A1  - Birol,E.
A1  - Karousakis,K.
A1  - Koundouri,P.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Birol, E, Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 2PH, England eb337@cam.ac.uk k.karousakis@ucl.ac.uk pkoundouri@aueb.gr 92 2 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SCI TOTAL ENVIR JUL 15 Discipline: Environmental Sciences 065AL
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION
KW  - choice experiment
KW  - Climate
KW  - CONSERVATION
KW  - contingent valuation
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - decision support
KW  - Decision Support System
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - economic value
KW  - ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS
KW  - economics
KW  - Ecosystem
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Europe
KW  - European Union
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Greece
KW  - hedonic pricing
KW  - implementation
KW  - intensive
KW  - INVENTORY
KW  - IRRIGATION WATER
KW  - LAND
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - problems
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - PUBLIC-GOODS
KW  - QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS
KW  - RECREATIONAL DEMAND
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SOIL-EROSION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Technique
KW  - travel cost
KW  - Use
KW  - values
KW  - WATER
KW  - water resources
KW  - WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 122
JF  - Science of the Total Environment
VL  - 365
IS  - 1-3
N2  - The need for economic analysis for the design and implementation of efficient water resources management policies is well documented in the economics literature. This need is also emphasised in the European Union's recent Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), and is relevant to the objectives of Euro-limpacs, an EU funded project which inter alia, aims to provide a decision-support system for valuing the effects of future global change on Europe's freshwater ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to define the role of economic valuation techniques in assisting in the design of efficient, equitable and sustainable policies for water resources management in the face of environmental problems such as pollution, intensive land use in agriculture and climate change. The paper begins with a discussion of the conceptual economic framework that can be used to inform water policy-making. An inventory of the available economic valuation methods is presented and the scope and suitability of each for studying various aspects of water resources are critically discussed. Recent studies that apply these methods to water resources are reviewed. Finally, an application of one of the economic valuation methods, namely the contingent valuation method, is presented using a case study of the Cheimaditida wetland in Greece. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0048-9697
AV  - Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Cambridge CB2 2PH, England. Univ Cambridge, Homerton Coll, Cambridge CB2 2PH, England. Univ Coll London, Dept Econ, London WC1E 6BT, England. Athens Univ Econ & Business, Dept Int & European Econ Studies, Athens 10434, Greece.
UR  - ISI:000239131700008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1839
T1  - The application of SHRIMP to Phanerozoic geochronology; a critical appraisal of four zircon standards 1192
A1  - Black,L.P.
A1  - Kamo,S.L.
A1  - Williams,I.S.
A1  - Mundil,R.
A1  - Davis,D.W.
A1  - Korsch,R.J.
A1  - Foudoulis,C.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Black, LP, Geosci Australia, Minerals & Geohazards Div, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 31 33 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS CHEM GEOL OCT 16 Discipline: Geochemistry & Geophysics 707LG
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - Age
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - EASTERN AUSTRALIA
KW  - English
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - geochronology
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - ion probe
KW  - ION-PROBE
KW  - Mineral
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - On
KW  - PERMIAN SYSTEM
KW  - Phanerozoic
KW  - play
KW  - quality
KW  - refinement
KW  - Relative
KW  - respect
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SHRIMP method
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - time scales
KW  - U-PB AGES
KW  - U-pb,geochronology
KW  - Use
KW  - YIELD
KW  - zircon
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 171
EP  - 188
JF  - Chemical Geology
VL  - 200
IS  - 1-2
N2  - Derivation of Phanerozoic zircon Pb-206/U-238 ages by SHRIMP depends on calibration against an independently dated standard. The qualities of four different zircon standards (SL13, QGNG, AS3 and TEMORA 1) are assessed herein. Not all of these behave consistently on SHRIMP with respect to their ages as determined by IDTIMS. SL13, the most commonly used standard over the past decade and a half, is the most heterogeneous in Pb/U. In addition, when SL13 is used as the calibration standard, the varied ages resulting from that heterogeneity are generally younger than ages derived from the other three standards. AS3-calibrated ages are the oldest of the group. Only QGNG and TEMORA 1, when calibrated relative to each other, yield ages on SHRIMP that are consistent with their IDTIMS ages. Of these two, TEMORA 1 has the distinct advantage of producing consistent IDTIMS ages at high precision. Because of these factors and its availability, we recommend its use in geological studies where precise and accurate Pb/U zircon ages are imperative. Approximate conversion factors have been derived to improve quantitative inter-comparison between SHRIMP ages that have been calibrated against the different standards. These refinements significantly advance the role that SHRIMP can play in the numerical calibration of the Phanerozoic timescale. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0009-2541
AV  - Geosci Australia, Minerals & Geohazards Div, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Royal Ontario Museum, Jack Satterly Geochronol Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.
UR  - ISI:000184511700012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1840
T1  - National planning for public library service: The work and ideas of Lionel McColvin 835
A1  - Black,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Black, A, Leeds Metropolitan Univ, Sch Informat Management, Leeds LS6 3QS, W Yorkshire, England 53 0 GSLIS PUBLICATIONS CHAMPAIGN 501 E DANIEL ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-6211 USA LIBR TRENDS SPR Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 870UQ
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Author
KW  - COMMITMENT
KW  - Confidence
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - effort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - GREAT-BRITAIN
KW  - History
KW  - Idealism
KW  - ideas
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - international
KW  - intervention
KW  - LESSONS
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarianship
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - STATE
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Time
KW  - trends
KW  - USA
KW  - values
KW  - Vision
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Work
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 902
EP  - 923
JA  - Library Trends
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
N2  - Lionel McColvin (1896-1976) is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of British librarianship. In the specific context of 150 years of public librarianship in Britain, his reputation as a visionary influence is second only to that of the nineteenth-century pioneer Edward Edwards, while in the twentieth century his reputation is unsurpassed. McColvin was the major voice in the mid-twentieth-century movement to reconstruct and modernize public libraries. He is best known as author of The Public Library System of Great Britain: A Report on Its Present Condition with Proposals for Post-war Reorganization, published in 1942 at a moment of intense wartime efforts to assemble plans for social and economic reconstruction. The "McColvin Report," as it came to be termed, was a landmark in the struggle to de-Victorianize the public library, not least by emphasizing the institution's universalism and its function as a national, not just a civic, agency. This article briefly describes McColvin's notable contribution to twentieth-century librarianship, resulting from his work as a public librarian, as a leading figure in the Library Association, and as an influential player in the international library movement. The article's core aim is to offer a critical appraisal of McColvin's vision for public libraries by placing it in the context of the project to build a better postwar world. This project was defined by the conceptualization and development of a welfare state in Britain, the underlying values of which can be seen to correspond to McColvin's national plan for a rejuvenated public library system. McColvin drew on the spirit of the time to produce a plan for public libraries that was shot through with social idealism and commitment and with a confidence in the need for intervention by the state-values that perhaps provide lessons for current and future library and information policyrnakers and professionals
SN  - 0024-2594
AV  - Leeds Metropolitan Univ, Sch Informat Management, Leeds LS6 3QS, W Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000225084500012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1841
T1  - Role of polymers in the provision of cost-effective, corrosion-resistant, high-pressure pipework with complex geometry 82
A1  - Collie,G.J.
A1  - Black,I.
A1  - Kotsikos,G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Black, I, Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, James Nasmyth Bldg, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland I.black@hw.ac.uk 11 0 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD WESTMINISTER 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND PROC INST MECH ENG B-J ENG MA NOV Discipline: Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical 121UQ
KW  - alternative
KW  - alternatives
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Carbon
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - corrosion-resistant liners
KW  - cost-effective
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Engineering
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Equipment
KW  - FLUID
KW  - form
KW  - high-pressure pipework
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Paper
KW  - pipework costing
KW  - polymer lining
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - professional
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Role
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Solutions
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1889
EP  - 1899
JF  - Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part B-Journal of Engineering Manufacture
VL  - 220
IS  - 11
N2  - Equipment destined for use in oil exploration and production must withstand high pressures and temperatures and the corrosive nature of the produced fluids. Currently, pipework destined for this harsh environment is manufactured from duplex or superduplex steels or, in the most challenging cases, from carbon steel overlain with a layer of nickel alloy. These materials are expensive and not always readily available. A recent paper [1] considered several alternative means of conferring corrosion resistance on high-pressure pipework featuring complex three-dimensional geometry. The study covered both metallic and polymer solutions. The principal conclusion of this study was that there might be opportunities for adopting some form of polymer liner as a cost-effective alternative to metallic liners. The present paper takes a detailed look at the polymer solutions currently available, makes a critical appraisal of the viability, both technical and commercial, of the alternatives, and concludes by suggesting a test programme that would qualify any polymer solution successfully completing it
SN  - 0954-4054
AV  - Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Mech & Syst Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
UR  - ISI:000243182900013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1842
T1  - "Critical" reader response in an urban classroom: Creating cultural texts to engage diverse readers 2333
A1  - Blake,B.E.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Blake, BE, Adelphi Univ, Garden City, NY 11530 USA 19 1 OHIO STATE UNIV, COLLEGE EDUCATION COLUMBUS 1945 N HIGH ST, 172 ARPS HALL, COLUMBUS, OH 43210-1172 USA THEORY PRACT SUM Discipline: Education & Educational Research 118BA
KW  - Article
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Ohio
KW  - READER
KW  - Reader Response
KW  - Research
KW  - STATE
KW  - TEXT
KW  - texts
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - URBAN
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
EP  - 243
JF  - Theory Into Practice
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
SN  - 0040-5841
AV  - Adelphi Univ, Garden City, NY 11530 USA.
UR  - ISI:000075816300009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1843
T1  - Critical reading of epidemiological papers - A guide 1763
A1  - Blettner,M.
A1  - Heuer,C.
A1  - Razum,O.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Blettner, M, Univ Bielefeld, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Med Stat, Post Box 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany 23 1 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND EUR J PUBLIC HEALTH MAR Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 418DZ
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - choice
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Confounding
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Criticism
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - DECISION
KW  - definition
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - Germany
KW  - guidance
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - health
KW  - investigation
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - methodological issues
KW  - NEED
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Population
KW  - practitioners
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Sample
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 97
EP  - 101
JF  - European Journal of Public Health
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Many clinicians, medical practitioners and decision makers have no formal training in epidemiology but need to understand and sometimes evaluate results in epidemiologic studies. This paper attempts to give guidance to non-epidemiologists on how to read and evaluate the quality of epidemiologic studies and their results critically, Different methodological issues for evaluating whether the results of a study are causal or by bias, chance or confounding are given. This includes criteria for the choice of an appropriate study design followed by problems of the definition of the study population and the sample selection, We will also point to potential sources of bias in the data collection procedure and list some principles for statistical analysis. Finally, we include comments on how the results should be presented and issues which are related to public health and ethical questions. Although it is not usually possible to perform a perfect study and the correct approach to study design and analysis is often highly dependent on specific features of the population and the surroundings, our paper should help to distinguish between weak and strong investigations and papers
SN  - 1101-1262
AV  - Univ Bielefeld, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Med Stat, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Med Biometry, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Trop Hyg & Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000167876800018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1844
T1  - Laparoscopic vs open repair of gastric perforation and abdominal lavage of associated peritonitis in pigs 2436
A1  - Bloechle,C.
A1  - Emmermann,A.
A1  - Strate,T.
A1  - Scheurlen,U.J.
A1  - Schneider,C.
A1  - Achilles,E.
A1  - Wolf,M.
A1  - Mack,D.
A1  - Zornig,C.
A1  - Broelsch,C.E.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Bloechle, C, Univ Hamburg, Univ Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Surg, Martinistr 52, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany 28 29 SPRINGER VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SURG ENDOSC-ULTRASOUND INTERV MAR Discipline: Surgery YZ656
KW  - abdominal sepsis
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - And
KW  - ANIMAL-MODEL
KW  - Animals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARTERIAL-PRESSURE
KW  - Article
KW  - BACTEREMIA
KW  - CARBON-DIOXIDE PNEUMOPERITONEUM
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Cardiac Output
KW  - CAVITY
KW  - CONVENTIONAL CLOSURE
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DUODENAL-ULCER
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - ENDOTOXEMIA
KW  - endotoxin
KW  - English
KW  - Female
KW  - gastric perforation
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hemodynamics
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Into
KW  - IV
KW  - Laparoscopic Surgery
KW  - laparoscopic versus open repair
KW  - Laparoscopy
KW  - LAVAGE
KW  - Mean Arterial Pressure
KW  - mesothelium
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Observation
KW  - open repair
KW  - OPEN SURGERY
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTPUT
KW  - peptic ulcer
KW  - PEPTIC-ULCER
KW  - PERFORATION
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - PERITONITIS
KW  - PIG
KW  - Plasma
KW  - PNEUMOPERITONEUM
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Repair
KW  - Resistance
KW  - septic
KW  - SEPTIC SHOCK
KW  - shock
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Survival
KW  - systemic
KW  - theoretical
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 212
EP  - 218
JF  - Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - Background: Laparoscopy is increasingly used in conditions complicated by peritonitis, e.g., peptic ulcer perforation. Of some theoretical concern is the capnoperitoneum, which may aggravate intraabdominal pressure and distension of the peritoneum. This animal study was devised to analyze the effectiveness of laparoscopic versus traditional open repair of gastric perforation and abdominal lavage for associated peritonitis. Methods: To simulate gastric perforation, female Duroc pigs were subjects to standardized gastrotomy. Either 6 or 12 h after gastric perforation, the animals underwent either traditional open or laparoscopic repair of the gastric defect and peritoneal lavage. The subjects were divided into the following four groups: peritonitis for 6 h and open surgery (group I) or laparoscopic surgery (group II); peritonitis for 12 h and open surgery (group III) or laparoscopic surgery (group IV). After an observation period of 6 days, the surviving animals were killed. The main outcome criteria were survival, perioperative changes of hemodynamics suggestive for septic shock, bacteremia, and endotoxemia. Results: There were no significant differences between group I and II. Mortality was 22% in group III, as compared to 78% in group IV (p = 0.045). In group IV, the incidence of perioperative bacteremia and plasma endotoxin concentrations were significantly, higher than in group III. Concomitantly, decreased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, and increased cardiac output suggested a higher incidence of septic shock in group IV. Conclusion: Critical appraisal of laparoscopic surgery is warranted in conditions associated with severe, longstanding peritonitis
SN  - 0930-2794
AV  - Univ Hamburg, Univ Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Surg, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Univ Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Med, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Univ Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Microbiol, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Univ Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Vet Lab, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000072277200006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1845
T1  - The classification of rural areas in the European context: An exploration of a typology using neural network applications 2407
A1  - Blunden,J.R.
A1  - Pryce,W.T.R.
A1  - Dreyer,P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Blunden, JR, Open Univ, Fac Social Sci, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England 36 3 CARFAX PUBL CO ABINGDON PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE REG STUD APR Discipline: Environmental Studies; Geography ZJ726
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - AGENT
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Classification
KW  - context
KW  - data
KW  - Denmark
KW  - development
KW  - diagnostic indicators
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - European Union
KW  - EUROPEAN-UNION
KW  - form
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - Italy
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - neural networks
KW  - NEURAL-NETWORK
KW  - PART
KW  - Research
KW  - Rural Area
KW  - Rural Areas
KW  - rural typologies
KW  - rurality
KW  - Sample
KW  - Spain
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - telematics
KW  - Training
KW  - UK
KW  - urban imprint zones
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 149
EP  - 160
JF  - Regional Studies
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - The classification of rural areas in the European contest: an exploration of a typology using neural network applications, Reg. Studies 32, 149-160. The application of neural nets for the classification of rural areas throughout the European Union is demonstrated The methodology is discussed in the contest of a generic rural areas typology, but in its original form it was devised to serve the needs of a rural development programme, and customized to take account of the use of telematics as a change agent. Recent studies of rural area classification are reviewed before discussing the 'training' of the neural nets, using data from a sample of representative areas in Denmark, Italy, Spain and the UK. The methodology is then applied to Montgomeryshire and part of rural Hampshire - areas representing a wide range of contrasting rural conditions. The final results are then critically appraised with attention given to ways in which the approach might be further refined. It is suggested that the use of neural nets offers interesting avenues for future exploration in other research arenas - especially in social and cultural geography
SN  - 0034-3404
AV  - Open Univ, Fac Social Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Open Univ, Cardiff CF1 9SA, S Glam, Wales. Tele Dannmark Internet, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
UR  - ISI:000073246500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1846
T1  - Policy formation in gamete donation and egg sharing in the UK - a critical appraisal 841
A1  - Blyth,E.
A1  - Crawshaw,M.
A1  - Daniels,K.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Blyth, E, Univ Huddersfield, Sch Human & Hlth Sci, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England e.d.blyth@hud.ac.uk mac7@york.ac.uk den.daniels@canterbury.ac.nz 78 4 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SOC SCI MED DEC Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical 868XA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSISTED REPRODUCTION FAMILIES
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Authority
KW  - biomedical
KW  - British fertility society
KW  - CHILD-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - Conception
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISCLOSURE
KW  - donor anonymity
KW  - DONOR INSEMINATION
KW  - Egg
KW  - egg sharing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - experiences
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - formulation
KW  - good practice
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - human fertilisation and embryology authority
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - OOCYTE DONATION
KW  - OVUM DONATION
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Policy Formation
KW  - practice
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - SEMEN DONATION
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Society
KW  - UK
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2617
EP  - 2626
JF  - Social Science & Medicine.1997 Jul; 45(1): 23-33.(80 ref)
J1  - Social Science & Medicine
VL  - 59
IS  - 12
N2  - This article considers two key policy documents concerning donor-assisted conception in the UK, The British Fertility Society's Recommendations for Good Practice on the Screening of Egg and Embryo Donors and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's Guidance for Egg Sharing Arrangements. It discusses both the process and the evidence used in formulating those sections of the documents which relate to donor anonymity. The paper concludes that psycho-social policy developments in assisted conception, such as those relating to donor anonymity, should be subjected to comparable levels of rigour and scrutiny to those that are applied in the formulation of medical and scientific policies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0277-9536
AV  - Univ Huddersfield, Sch Human & Hlth Sci, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England. Univ York, Dept Social Policy & Social Work, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Canterbury, Dept Social Work, Christchurch, New Zealand.
UR  - ISI:000224945200019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1847
T1  - Technology, innovation, and regional economic development in the state of Victoria 1942
A1  - Boddy,M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Boddy, M, Univ Bristol, Sch Policy Studies, Ctr Urban Studies, 8 Priory Rd, Bristol BS8 1TZ, Avon, England 53 4 PION LTD LONDON 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND ENVIRON PLAN C-GOV POLICY JUN Discipline: Environmental Studies; Public Administration 328EK
KW  - Administration
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRICTS
KW  - ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FLEXIBLE SPECIALIZATION
KW  - Government
KW  - Impact
KW  - implementation
KW  - INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS
KW  - innovation
KW  - international
KW  - linkage
KW  - LOCALITY
KW  - London
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - Networks
KW  - On
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - ORIGINS
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - problems
KW  - Review
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - the state
KW  - theoretical
KW  - URBAN
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 301
EP  - 319
JF  - Environment and Planning C-Government and Policy
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - There is now a considerable body of work arguing for the importance of industrial clusters, networks, and linkage to the process of innovation and economic dynamism. Increasingly, as well, this has been drawn on in a policy context with the aim of emulating high-growth/innovative localities. This paper presents a brief review of this work, emphasising the different theoretical and conceptual traditions on which it has drawn. It then presents a critical appraisal of the attempt of the State Government of Victoria, Australia, in the late 1980s and early 1990s to boost innovation and technologically advanced economic development by means of spatially focused 'Technology Precincts'. It looks at the origins, implementation, and aftermath of the initiative, noting both the contingent impacts of economic and political shifts on the initiative but also the more fundamental problems inherent in attempting to emulate high-profile international exemplars of successful industrial districts and spatially focused innovation
SN  - 0263-774X
AV  - Univ Bristol, Sch Policy Studies, Ctr Urban Studies, Bristol BS8 1TZ, Avon, England.
UR  - ISI:000087835800004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1848
T1  - Designer neighbourhoods: new-build residential development in nonmetropolitan UK cities - the case of Bristol 24
A1  - Boddy,M.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Boddy, M, Univ W England, Fac Built Environm, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS15 1QY, Avon, England Martin.Boddy@uwe.ac.uk 56 3 PION LTD LONDON 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND ENVIRON PLAN A JAN Discipline: Environmental Studies; Geography 138CS
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - context
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FLOW
KW  - form
KW  - GENTRIFICATION
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - London
KW  - meaning
KW  - neighbourhoods
KW  - NEW-YORK-CITY
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - question
KW  - Reading
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TERM
KW  - UK
KW  - understanding
KW  - URBAN
KW  - Urban Area
KW  - Urban Areas
KW  - UTILITY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 86
EP  - 105
JF  - Environment and Planning A
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
N2  - New-build city-centre residential development in the UK has increasingly been identified as a form of 'third-wave' or 'postrecession' gentrification. The aim of this paper is, first, to extend our understanding of new, developer-led, residential development in the context of nonmetropolitan urban areas in the UK, which it does by means of a case study of the city of Bristol. The second aim is to revisit the issue of whether such residential development should be seen as a form of postrecession gentrification and to question the meaning of the term 'gentrification' as it has been increasingly used in a global context. This discussion draws both on a detailed case study of Bristol and on a critical reading of Davidson and Lees (2005, "New build 'gentrification'and London's riverside renaissance", Envromnent and Planning A 37 1165 - 1190) account of new-build 'gentrification' in London's riverside. In conclusion, it is argued that these forms of residential development and investment flows reflect a powerful and complex set of processes which it is important to understand. In contrast to Davidson and Lees, however, the conclusion is also that the extension of the term 'gentrification' to embrace such forms of development stretches it beyond the point at which it retains utility or meaning
SN  - 0308-518X
AV  - Univ W England, Fac Built Environm, Bristol BS15 1QY, Avon, England.
UR  - ISI:000244341300006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1849
T1  - Looking back at literature: a critical reading of the unseen stare in depictions of people with impaired vision 495
A1  - Bolt,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Bolt, D, 29 Marsh Court, Newcastle Under Lyme ST5 0TH, Staffs, England bolt@wellofthesaints.freeserve.co.uk 42 0 ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ABINGDON 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND DISABIL SOC DEC Discipline: Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary 992AP
KW  - Affect
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Authority
KW  - CAPACITY
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - IF
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Reading
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - representation
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Staff
KW  - TERM
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 735
EP  - 747
JF  - Disability & Society
VL  - 20
IS  - 7
N2  - Considering the Unseen Starer and Unseeing Victim in a sample of Anglophone literature, the paper focuses on the privileging of a perspective that is dominated by vision, the ocularcentrism that defines people with impaired vision as epistemologically and even ontologically inferior to people with unimpaired vision. The underpinning assumption of authority is explained in terms of panopticism, whereby the presence or even the notion of an Unseen Starer affects control over the Unseeing Victim. This scenario is problematical due to the hegemonic capacity of literary representation, because, if not considered critically, literature itself becomes something of a panopticon, influencing attitudes both of and towards people with impaired vision
SN  - 0968-7599
UR  - ISI:000233856500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1850
T1  - The metabolic syndrome is a risk indicator of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes - Results from Metascreen, a multicenter diabetes clinic-based survey 107
A1  - Bonadonna,R.C.
A1  - Cucinotta,D.
A1  - Fedele,D.
A1  - Riccardi,G.
A1  - Tiengo,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Bonadonna, RC, Osped Civile, Div Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Piazzale Stefani 1, I-137126 Verona, Italy riccardobonadonna@tiscali.it 42 0 AMER DIABETES ASSOC ALEXANDRIA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA DIABETES CARE DEC Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 111KM
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - BLOOD-INSTITUTE
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - CARE
KW  - CHOLESTEROL
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - complications
KW  - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CURVES
KW  - definition
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - diabetes
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - GLUCOSE
KW  - Glycemic Control
KW  - HEART
KW  - Hyperinsulinemia
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR
KW  - INSULIN-RESISTANCE
KW  - international
KW  - Italy
KW  - LUNG
KW  - METABOLIC SYNDROME
KW  - metabolism
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTICENTER
KW  - On
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - power
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Risk
KW  - survey
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2701
EP  - 2707
JF  - Diabetes Care.Vol.29(1)()(pp 177-178), 2006.
J1  - Diabetes Care
VL  - 29
IS  - 12
N2  - OBJECTIVE - We aimed at assessing the degree of association and the predictive power of the metabolic syndrome with regard to clinically detectable complications in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Metascreen is a cross-sectional survey of metabolic syndrome and clinically detected diabetes complications performed in 8,497 patients (7,859 with type 2 diabetes and 638 with type I diabetes) randomly chosen in 176 diabetes outpatient clinics throughout Italy. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to either the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) or the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria. Multivariate analyses of the association(s) between either AHA/NHLBI or IDF metabolic syndrome and clinical complications were performed. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the predictive power of the two sets of diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS - Either definition of the metabolic syndrome was an independent statistical indicator of the presence of nephropathy and neuropathy (P < 0.02-0.01) in type I diabetes and of all complications (P < 0.0001), including cardiovascular disease and retinopathy, in type 2 diabetes. For each complication, the ROC curves based on either AHA/NHLBI or IDF metabolic syndrome were similar to each other and to the ROC curves constructed with all continuous traits compounding the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS - The metabolic syndrome, defined according to AHA/NHLBI or IDF diagnostic criteria, is an independent clinical indicator and may be involved in the pathogenesis of both macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes
SN  - 0149-5992
AV  - Osped Civile, Div Endocrinol & Metab Dis, I-137126 Verona, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000242450300022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1851
T1  - Resident research education in physical medicine and rehabilitation - A practical approach 1670
A1  - Boninger,M.L.
A1  - Chan,L.
A1  - Harvey,R.
A1  - Pine,Z.M.
A1  - Helkowski,W.
A1  - Garrison,C.J.
A1  - Tran,T.
A1  - Levin,H.
A1  - Levy,C.E.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Boninger, ML, Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 201 Kaufmann Bldg,3471 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA 51 4 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA AMER J PHYS MED REHABIL SEP Discipline: Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences 464ZW
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - DECISION
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - Impact
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - Information
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - physical
KW  - PHYSICAL MEDICINE
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Publications
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Research
KW  - research education
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency programs
KW  - residency training
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENT EDUCATION
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - Sport
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 706
EP  - 712
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
VL  - 80
IS  - 9
N2  - The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education includes training in research as a required component of physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs. Unfortunately, there is a lack of practical information on how to meet this requirement. In this paper, information is provided for individuals involved in resident education on how to teach residents about research
SN  - 0894-9115
AV  - Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, VA Ctr Excellence Wheelchairs & Related Technol, Human Engn Res Labs, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Rehabil Inst Chicago, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Mt Zion Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Geriatr, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. Ctr Excellence Acad Geriatr, San Francisco, CA USA. Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Dallas, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Dallas, TX USA. N Florida S Georgia Vet Hlth Syst, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Gainesville, FL USA.
UR  - ISI:000170564100011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1852
T1  - A critical appraisal of 'evidence-based medicine' in allergy and asthma 919
A1  - Bousquet,J.
A1  - Van Cauwenberge,P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Bousquet, J, Ctr Hosp Univ, Hop Arnaud Villeneuve, Clin Maladies Resp, F-34295 Montpellier 5, France 133 3 BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD COPENHAGEN 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK ALLERGY AUG Suppl. 78 Discipline: Allergy; Immunology 844YA
KW  - allergy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE REVIEWS
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Denmark
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - EVIDENCE BASED POLICY
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - France
KW  - GAP
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - HOUSE-DUST MITE
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - LONG
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PAPER-BASED JOURNALS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Research
KW  - rhinitis
KW  - Screening
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STAY
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 12
EP  - 20
JF  - Allergy
VL  - 59
N2  - Clinical guidelines are 'systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances'. They may offer concise instructions on which diagnostic or screening tests to order, stipulate how medical services should be provided, how long patients should stay in hospital, or many other details relevant to clinical practice. This paper argues that guidelines should be simple, adapted to the clinical setting they inform and to treatment availability in their respective geographic context and that they should not be viewed as a yardstick but as support for physicians. The benefits of evidence-based-medicine (EBM), which defines the value of medical interventions in terms of empiric evidence from clinical trials, are growing in many contexts and are well described. Not sufficiently acknowledged, however, are the limits of EBM. A gap still exists between clinical research and clinical practice which should be better recognized and assessed
SN  - 0105-4538
AV  - Univ Hosp, Montpellier, France. INSERM, U454, Montpellier, France. Ghent Univ, ENT Dept, Ghent, Belgium.
UR  - ISI:000223195800003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1853
T1  - Blinding was judged more difficult to achieve and maintain in nonpharmacologic than pharmacologic trials 935
A1  - Boutron,I.
A1  - Tubach,F.
A1  - Giraudeau,B.
A1  - Ravaud,P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Boutron, I, Univ Paris 07, Fac Xavier Bichat, INSERM, EMI 0357,Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Rech Clin,Grp H, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, F-75877 Paris 18, France isabelle.boutron@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr 27 11 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JUN Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 840TH
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Double-Blind Method
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - France
KW  - health
KW  - Knee
KW  - KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - masking
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - MODERATE
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Placebo
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - reports
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Single-Blind Method
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 543
EP  - 550
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.59(11)()(pp 1134-1149), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
N2  - Objective: To compare the feasibility of blinding and the perceived risk of unblinding in trials evaluating pharmacologic (PT) and nonpharmacologic treatments (NPT) of hip or knee osteoarthritis. Study Design and Setting: Two independent reviewers assessed the feasibility of blinding patients, care providers, and outcome assessors, the perceived risk of unblinding, and whether blinding was reported in 110 reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PT and NPT in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Results: Blinding was considered to be possible less often in NPT trials than in PT trials for patients (42 vs. 96%; P < .001), care providers (12 vs. 96%; P .001), and outcome assessors (34 vs. 98%; P < .001). When blinding was judged feasible, the perceived risk of unblinding was more often considered moderate or important in NPT than PT trials for patients (35 vs. 14%, P = .02) and outcome assessors (44 vs. 10%, P = .0004). When blinding was judged feasible, it was reported less often in NPT reports than in PT reports for patients (46 vs. 98%, P < .001), care providers (43 vs. 83%, P = .03), and outcome assessors (72 vs. 98%, P = .0006). Conclusion: Blinding appears to be more difficult to achieve and unblinding may occur more often in NPT than PT trials. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
AV  - Univ Paris 07, Fac Xavier Bichat, INSERM, EMI 0357,Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Rech Clin,Grp H, F-75877 Paris 18, France. Fac Med Tours, INSERM, CIC 202, F-37032 Tours, France.
UR  - ISI:000222882200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1854
T1  - A checklist to evaluate a report of a nonpharmacological trial (CLEAR NPT) was developed using consensus 494
A1  - Boutron,I.
A1  - Moher,D.
A1  - Tugwell,P.
A1  - Giraudeau,B.
A1  - Poiraudeau,S.
A1  - Nizard,R.
A1  - Ravaud,P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Boutron, I, INSERM, U738, F-75018 Paris, France isabelle.boutron@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr 38 11 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J CLIN EPIDEMIOL DEC Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 990UE
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Bias
KW  - CARE
KW  - CAROTID-ENDARTERECTOMY
KW  - Checklist
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consensus
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - France
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HOSPITAL VOLUME
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - intervention
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Rehabilitation therapy
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Science
KW  - Standardization
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgery
KW  - SURGICAL VOLUME
KW  - survey
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1233
EP  - 1240
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.59(11)()(pp 1134-1149), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
VL  - 58
IS  - 12
N2  - Background and Objective: To develop a checklist of items measuring the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing nonpharmacological treatments (NPTs). Study Design and Setting: The Delphi consensus method was used to select and reduce the number of items in the checklist. A total of 154 individuals were invited to participate: epidemiologists and statisticians involved in the field of methodology of RCTs (n = 55), members of the Cochrane Collaboration (n = 41), and clinicians involved in planning NPT clinical trials (n = 58). Participants ranked on a 10-point Likert scale whether an item should be included in the checklist. Results: Fifty-five experts (36%) participated in the survey. They were experienced in systematic reviews (68% were involved in the Cochrane Collaboration) and in planning RCTs (76%). Three rounds of the Delphi method were conducted to achieve consensus. The final checklist contains 10 items and 5 subiterns, with items related to the standardization of the intervention, care provider influence, and additional measures to minimize the potential bias from lack of blinding of participants, care providers, and outcome assessors. Conclusions: This tool can be used to critically appraise the medical literature, design NPT studies, and assess the quality of trial reports included in systematic reviews. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
AV  - INSERM, U738, F-75018 Paris, France. Grp Hosp Bichat Claude Bernard, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Rech Clin, F-75877 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Fac Xavier Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Ottawa, ON, Canada. INSERM, CIC 202, Tours, France. Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Inst Res, Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Chalmers Res Grp, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. Univ Paris 05, Hop Cochin, APHP, Dept Med Phys & Readaptat, F-75270 Paris, France. Univ Denis Diderot, Hop Lariboisiere, Serv Orthopedie, APHP, Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000233767900004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1855
T1  - Applying research evidence to optimize telehomecare 75
A1  - Bowles,K.H.
A1  - Baugh,A.C.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Bowles, KH, Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, 420 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA bowles@nursing.upenn.edu 28 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J CARDIOVASC NURS JAN-FEB Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing 123IL
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - Adult
KW  - ADULT PATIENTS
KW  - adults
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CARE
KW  - chronic
KW  - chronic illness
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CINAHL Database
KW  - clinical
KW  - Communication
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - critique
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - Device
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - form
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - HEART-FAILURE
KW  - Home
KW  - home care
KW  - IF
KW  - ILL
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - interaction
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - LINE
KW  - LINES
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nursing
KW  - OLDER
KW  - On
KW  - optimization
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - Reimbursement
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - STAY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
KW  - Telecommunications
KW  - TELEHEALTH
KW  - Telemedicine
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Travel
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - utilization
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 15
JF  - Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2007 Jan-Feb; 22(1): 5-15.(29 ref)
J1  - Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - `Telemedicine is the use of technology to provide healthcare over a distance. Telehomecare, a form of telemedicine based in the patient's home, is a communication and clinical information system that enables the interaction of voice, video, and health-related data using ordinary telephone lines. Most home care agencies are adopting telehomecare to assist with the care of the growing population of chronically ill adults. This article presents a summary and critique of the published empirical evidence about the effects of telehomecare on older adult patients with chronic illness. The knowledge gained will be applied in a discussion regarding telehomecare optimization and areas for future research. The referenced literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, CDSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR, and CINAHL databases was searched for the years 1995-2005 using the keywords "telehomecare" and "telemedicine," and limited to primary research and studies in English. Approximately 40 articles were reviewed. Articles were selected if telehealth technology with peripheral medical devices was used to deliver home care for adult patients with chronic illness. Studies where the intervention consisted of only telephone calls or did not involve video or in-person nurse contact in the home were excluded. Nineteen studies described the effects of telehomecare on adult patients, chronic illness outcomes, providers, and costs of care. Patients and providers were accepting of the technology and it appears to have positive effects on chronic illness outcomes such as self-management, rehospitalizations, and length of stay. Overall, due to savings from healthcare utilization and travel, telehomecare appears to reduce healthcare costs. Generally, studies have small sample sizes with diverse types and doses of telehomecare intervention for a select few chronic illnesses; most commonly heart failure. Very few published studies have explored the cost or quality implications since the change in home care reimbursement to prospective payment. Further research is needed to clarify how telehomecare can be used to maximize its benefits among diverse adult chronic illness populations
SN  - 0889-4655
AV  - Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
UR  - ISI:000243289500011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1856
T1  - Breaking through the A level effect: A first-year tutorial in student self-reflection 2544
A1  - Bryson,J.R.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Bryson, JR, UNIV BIRMINGHAM,SCH GEOG,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND 17 1 CARFAX PUBL CO ABINGDON PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE J GEOGR HIGHER EDUC JUL Discipline: Education & Educational Research; Geography XK009
KW  - A level effect
KW  - And
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - first-year tutorials
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - Impact
KW  - Into
KW  - LEARNERS
KW  - Learning
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - proactive learning
KW  - reflective learning
KW  - Research
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technique
KW  - Textbooks
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 163
EP  - 169
JF  - Journal of Geography in Higher Education
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
N2  - The A level experience of geography is often structured around carefully written textbooks which provide comprehensive 'maps' to the discipline. Such a structured geography does nor encourage sophisticated critical faculties and results in what might be termed the A level effect. Many of the learning outcomes of the first year of a degree programme are designed to remove the impact of this effect. This paper describes a new first-year tutorial designed to introduce students to techniques of self-reflection constructed around a critique of their A level experience of geography. The argument is that the introduction of reflective learning practices to first-year students has an impact on their performance, transforming many passive student listeners into proactive, enthusiastic learners
SN  - 0309-8265
UR  - ISI:A1997XK00900003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1857
T1  - Strategies for preventing recurrent MRSA skin infections: A critical appraisal 162
A1  - Buckingham,S.C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Buckingham, SC, Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA 32 0 SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC NEW YORK 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA INFECT MED OCT Discipline: Infectious Diseases 095MZ
KW  - ADOPTION
KW  - AGENT
KW  - And
KW  - antimicrobial resistance
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - chlorhexidie
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COLONIZATION
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL
KW  - efficacy
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - HAND-CLEANSING AGENTS
KW  - Infection
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - INTRANASAL MUPIROCIN
KW  - methicillin
KW  - Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
KW  - mupirocin
KW  - NASAL CARRIAGE
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - OINTMENT
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - RECURRENT
KW  - REGIMEN
KW  - RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
KW  - SKIN
KW  - skin infections
KW  - Staphylococcus aureus
KW  - STATE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - systemic
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - USA
KW  - varieties
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 459
EP  - +
JF  - Infections in Medicine
VL  - 23
IS  - 10
N2  - Patients with recurrent skin infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a clinical conundrum. For such patients, clinicians often prescribe topical, intranasal, or systemic antimicrobial agents in an effort to eradicate the staphylococcal carrier state and thereby prevent recurrent infections. Although a variety of decolonization regimens have been proposed, none have gained universal acceptance. Furthermore, while some agents can temporarily interrupt staphylococcal carriage, none have been shown to prevent skin infections,caused by MRSA. In particular, although clinicians frequently recommend bathing with chlorhexidine and/or applying mupirocin intranasally, extant data do not justify routine adoption of these interventions
SN  - 0749-6524
AV  - Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Lebonheur Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Childrens Fdn Res Ctr, Memphis, TN USA.
UR  - ISI:000241313200006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1858
T1  - Taking stock of evidence-based medicine: opportunities for its continuing evolution 273
A1  - Buetow,S.
A1  - Upshur,R.
A1  - Miles,A.
A1  - Loughlin,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Buetow, S, Univ Auckland, Dept Gen Practice & Primary Hlth Care, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand s.buetow@auckland.ac.nz 43 2 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT AUG Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 066VH
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - behaviour
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Criticism
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Evolution
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Reflection
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 399
EP  - 404
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Tough but constructive criticisms of evidence-based medicine (EBM) have without doubt informed the evolution and serial reconstitutions of this approach to clinical decision making and behaviour. Yet, concerns about EBM persist and as EBM changes in response to reflection and criticism, so too do the criticisms themselves. This paper describes our current understanding of EBM and, to identify opportunities for the continuing evolution of EBM, discusses some key attributes of EBM that still or now cause us concern. Specifically, these attributes are the nature of evidence in EBM; the unknown effectiveness of EBM; the clinician-centric focus of EBM; and the potential of EBM to harm patients
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Univ Auckland, Dept Gen Practice & Primary Hlth Care, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Toronto, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, Primary Care Res Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Joint Ctr Bioeth, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ London, Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Journal Evaluat Clin Practice, London WC1E 7HU, England. Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Crewe, England.
UR  - ISI:000239257800002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1859
T1  - A critical appraisal of the statecraft interpretation 2045
A1  - Buller,J.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Buller, J, Univ York, Dept Polit, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England 36 1 BLACKWELL PUBL LTD OXFORD 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND PUBLIC ADMIN Discipline: Public Administration 270HH
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - Administration
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Criticism
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NEGLECT
KW  - Politics
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - understanding
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 691
EP  - 712
JF  - Public Administration
VL  - 77
IS  - 4
N2  - This article subjects the Statecraft interpretation to critical assessment. It argues that, while Bulpitt has provided a parsimonious and stimulating contribution to our understanding of British politics, his work needs to be developed. More specifically, although the Statecraft thesis evolved out of Bulpitt's concerns with the methodology of political science, a neglect of ontological and epistemological questions has led it to propound explanations which are both reductionist and insensitive to empirical criticism. The article concludes by suggesting ways in which the Statecraft interpretation can be developed to take account of these weaknesses
SN  - 0033-3298
AV  - Univ York, Dept Polit, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000084529400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1860
T1  - A strategy for teaching research to adult branch diploma students 2609
A1  - Burrows,D.E.
A1  - Baillie,L.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Burrows, DE, UNIV LUTON,BARRACKS RD,HIGH WYCOMBE HP11 1QN,BUCKS,ENGLAND 30 5 CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE EDINBURGH JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND NURSE EDUC TODAY FEB Discipline: Nursing WK200
KW  - Adult
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - College
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - Instrument
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse educators
KW  - Nursing
KW  - On
KW  - organizational strategies
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching strategies
KW  - teaching strategy
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 45
JF  - Nurse Education Today
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
N2  - Given the requirement for diploma students to 'use relevant literature and research to inform the practice of nursing' (Statutory Instrument No, 1456 1989 p 5), it is imperative that nurse educators develop effective strategies to promote student interest in research, and develop the knowledge and skills required to understand and use research in practice. This article presents the teaching strategy developed for adult branch students at one college of nursing. The strategy is based on the use of journal clubs and presentations of individuals' research. Both the organizational strategy, and the process adopted ape described in some detail. A discussion on the underlying rationale and an evaluation to date are incorporated
SN  - 0260-6917
UR  - ISI:A1997WK20000007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1861
T1  - The numbers needed to treat for neurological disorders 520
A1  - Bussiere,M.
A1  - Wiebe,S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Bussiere, M, Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, Div Neurol, 339 Windermere Rd,Rm 7-GE6, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada 84 3 CANADIAN J NEUROL SCI INC CALGARY PO BOX 4220, STATION C EDITORIAL & SUBSCRIPTION SERV, CALGARY, AB T2T 5N1, CANADA CAN J NEUROL SCI NOV Discipline: Clinical Neurology 983KC
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARDIAC-ARREST
KW  - chronic
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - Editorial
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - HIGH-RISK PATIENTS
KW  - IF
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - London
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - OPTIC NEURITIS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - practice
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - RATES
KW  - RELAPSE RATE
KW  - REMITTING MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Stroke
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Use
KW  - Vaccination
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 440
EP  - 449
JF  - Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - Background: Numerous therapeutic interventions have been developed in the neurosciences. Clinicians need summary measures about efficacy of therapies that derive from the best available evidence, and that can be readily extrapolated to clinical practice. The number needed to treat (NNT) is intuitive and clinically applicable. We provide clinicians with a single source that summarizes important therapies in the main neurological and neurosurgical areas. Methods: Critically appraised evidence about therapies in the neurosciences was obtained from meta-analyses in all neurosciences groups in the Cochrane library, and from critically appraised topics at the University of Western Ontario. Therapies were included if they were deemed relevant and if outcomes were dichotomous. For each therapy, we obtained absolute risk differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), the corresponding NNTs, control and experimental event rates, and the time-frame of the outcome assessment. Results: We assembled a table of NNTs for 87 interventions in ten disease categories, deriving from meta-analyses (70%) or randomized controlled trials (30%), and assessing surgical interventions (7%), procedures (9%) or pharmacological treatments (84%). The NNTs varied widely, ranging from I in the use of epidural blood patch for post-dural puncture headache to 4608 for meningococcal vaccination. Preventative interventions had substantially larger NNTs. Time-frames were inappropriately short for many chronic conditions. Conclusions: Large collections of NNTs provide useful, updateable summaries of therapeutic effects in the neurosciences, an increasingly interventional clinical field
SN  - 0317-1671
AV  - Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, Div Neurol, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Clin Neurosci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000233229300008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1862
T1  - Acute liver failure: A critical appraisal of available animal models 462
A1  - Belanger,M.
A1  - Butterworth,R.F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Butterworth, RF, Hop St Luc, Neurosci Res Unit, CHUM, 1058 St Denis, Montreal, PQ H2X 3J4, Canada roger.butterworth@umontreal.ca 75 1 SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS NEW YORK 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA METAB BRAIN DIS DEC Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences 998DR
KW  - acute liver failure
KW  - And
KW  - Animal Model
KW  - animal models
KW  - ANIMAL-MODEL
KW  - Animals
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER
KW  - brain
KW  - brain edema
KW  - Canada
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - complexity
KW  - complications
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - ENCEPHALOPATHY
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Experimental Model
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE
KW  - Hepatitis
KW  - INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE
KW  - LIVER
KW  - Liver Failure
KW  - metabolism
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - ONE-STAGE HEPATECTOMY
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PIG
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - RABBIT MODEL
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - surgical procedure
KW  - testing
KW  - therapeutic approaches
KW  - TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA
KW  - understanding
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - VISUAL EVOKED-POTENTIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 409
EP  - 423
JF  - Metabolic Brain Disease
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
N2  - The availability of adequate experimental models of acute liver failure (ALF) is of prime importance to provide a better understanding of this condition and allow the development and testing of new therapeutic approaches for patients with ALF. However, the numerous etiologies and complications of ALF contribute to the complexity of this condition and render the development of an ideal experimental model of ALF more difficult than expected. Instead, a number of different models that may be used for the study of specific aspects of ALF have been developed. The most common approaches used to induce ALFin experimental animals are surgical procedures, toxic liver injury,or a combination of both. Despite the high prevalence of viral hepatitis worldwide, very few satisfactory viral models of ALF are available. Established and newly developed models of ALF are reviewed
SN  - 0885-7490
AV  - Hop St Luc, Neurosci Res Unit, CHUM, Montreal, PQ H2X 3J4, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000234299300017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1863
T1  - Resident utilization of information technology - A randomized trial of clinical question formation 1594
A1  - Cabell,C.H.
A1  - Schardt,C.
A1  - Sanders,L.
A1  - Corey,R.
A1  - Keitz,S.A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Cabell, CH, Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Box 31020, Durham, NC 27710 USA 16 9 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 504AY
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - clinical
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - IF
KW  - Impact
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - Information System
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Physician
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - utilization
KW  - VOLUME
KW  - XIX
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 838
EP  - 844
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 16
IS  - 12
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To determine if a simple educational intervention can increase resident physician literature search activity. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital-based internal medicine training program. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight medical residents rotating on the general internal medicine service. INTERVENTIONS: One-hour didactic session, the use of well-built clinical question cards, and practical sessions in clinical question building. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Objective data from the library information system that included the number of log-ons to MEDLINE, searching volume, abstracts viewed, full-teat articles viewed, and time spent searching. Median search activity as measured per person per week (control vs intervention): number of log-ons to MEDLINE (2.1 vs 4.4, P < .001); total number of search sets (24.0 vs 74.2, P < .001); abstracts viewed (5.8 vs 17.7, P = .001); articles viewed (1.0 vs 2.6. P = .005); and hours spent searching (0.8 vs 2.4, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A simple educational intervention can markedly increase resident searching activity
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr Lib, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA.
UR  - ISI:000172835700007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1864
T1  - Effect of structured workshop training on subsequent performance of journal peer reviewers 1451
A1  - Callaham,M.L.
A1  - Schriger,D.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Callaham, ML, Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, Box 0208, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA 12 6 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA ANN EMERG MED SEP Discipline: Emergency Medicine 589EM
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Bias
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - efficacy
KW  - effort
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intensive
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - journal
KW  - manuscripts
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Performance
KW  - Prediction
KW  - quality
KW  - RATES
KW  - READ
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Sample
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Telephone
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - VOLUME
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 323
EP  - 328
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
N2  - Study objective: We sought to determine whether peer reviewers who attend a formal interactive training session produce better reviews. Methods: Peer reviewers were invited to attend a formal, 4-hour, highly interactive workshop on peer review. Attendees received a sample manuscript to read and review in writing in advance. The workshop included presentations on analyzing a study and the journal's expectations for a quality review, discussion of the sample manuscript's flaws and how to address them in a review, discussion of the reviews written by the attendees, and discussion of real reviews of other manuscripts illustrating key points. The performance of attendees on the basis of standard editor quality ratings (I to 5) was assessed for the 2 years after workshop attendance. Control reviewers matched for previous review quality and volume were selected from nonattendees of the workshop. In study 1, all average reviewers received a standard written invitation. In study 2, 75 randomly selected average reviewers were personally and actively recruited with intensive follow-up by means of e-mail and telephone calls in an effort to reduce self-selection bias. Results: In study 1, 25 reviewers volunteered for the course, were eligible for study, attended, and were compared with 25 matched control reviewers. Of attendees filling out evaluations, 19% thought it somewhat and 81% thought it very helpful. All thought it would improve their subsequent reviews, and 85% thought it would improve their review ratings. The mean change in rating after the workshop was 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.25 to 0.48) for control reviewers and 0.10 (95% CI -0.20 to 0.39) for attendees. In study 2, of 75 reviewers intensively recruited, only 12 (41%) of those who said they would attend did. All of the participants thought the workshop would improve their performance and ratings. Test scores at the end of the workshop improved in 73% of participants compared with scores on pretests. The control reviewers' average rating changed by -0.10 (95% CI -0.49 to 0.29) versus 0.06 (95% CI -0.34 to 0.23) for attendees. Conclusion: Among invited peer reviewers, voluntary attendance at a highly structured and interactive workshop was low and did not improve the quality of subsequent reviews, contrary to the predictions of attendees. Efforts to aggressively recruit average reviewers to a second workshop were time consuming, had low success rates, and showed a similar lack of effect on ratings, despite improvement in scores on a test instrument. Workshop teaching formats, although traditional, are of unproven efficacy
SN  - 0196-0644
AV  - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Emergency Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Emergency Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
UR  - ISI:000177745700010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1865
T1  - A practice profiling system for residents 1585
A1  - Callahan,M.
A1  - Fein,O.
A1  - Battleman,D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Callahan, M, 411 E 69th St, New York, NY 10021 USA 35 6 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD MED JAN Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 512AY
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - CARE
KW  - chronic
KW  - Communication
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - diabetes
KW  - discipline
KW  - Disease Management
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty Evaluation
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Internet
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Learning
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - MANAGED CARE ORGANIZATIONS
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - PART
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - patients
KW  - Peer Group
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - PROFILE
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - quality
KW  - Reimbursement
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - survey
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 39
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
N2  - Providers are increasingly evaluated and measured as part of quality, credentialling, and reimbursement programs approach often used by managed care organisations, However, these evaluations are rarely used in residence training, meaning that physicians, entering practice have little experience or understanding of these measures. To address this issue, in 1998 the authors successfully developed a three-part practice-profiling system for internal medicine residents at their institution that includes measures of patient satisfaction, disease-management profiles for diabetes and hypertension, and an Internet-based faculty-evaluation program. The patient-satisfaction profile utilizes a ten-question patient survey that emphasizes physician-patient communication issues. The diabetes and hypertension disease-management profiles use the resident's own patients to profile to process and outcome measures for common chronic ambulatory conditions. The faculty-evaluation profile it, conducted over the Internet, and allows the resident to compare faculty evaluations with those of his or her peer group. Residents receive the profiles as a packet in a scheduled session with a faculty supervisor twice each year. A total of 120 residents are profiled annually for the above measures. Residents rated the program very highly and found the profiling program to be instructive and effective feedback. As payers and regulator. increasingly use physician profiling, resident, will benefit from learning the strengths and of profiling systems earls in their training
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth, Div Outcomes & Effectiveness Res, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York Presbyterian Healthcare Network, New York, NY USA. Cornell Univ, WMC, Network Affairs, New York, NY 10021 USA.
UR  - ISI:000173300000008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1866
T1  - Moving towards evidence based emergency medicine: use of a structured critical appraisal journal club 2362
A1  - Carley,S.D.
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
A1  - Jones,A.
A1  - Morton,R.J.
A1  - Dollery,W.
A1  - Maurice,S.
A1  - Niklaus,L.
A1  - Donnan,S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Carley, SD, Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Emergency Med, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England 21 60 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND J ACCID EMERG MEDICINE JUL Discipline: Emergency Medicine 103RK
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 220
EP  - 222
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2.(22 ref)
J1  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SN  - 1351-0622
AV  - Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Emergency Med, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000074971500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1867
T1  - Evolution and critical appraisal of anastomotic technique following resection of esophageal adenocarcinoma 1374
A1  - Casson,A.G.
A1  - Porter,G.A.
A1  - Veugelers,P.J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Casson, AG, QEII Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Thorac Surg, Victoria Bldg 7S-013,1278 Tower Rd, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada 28 10 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA CARLTON 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA DIS ESOPHAGUS Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 623FP
KW  - adenocarcinoma
KW  - Anastomosis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - Article
KW  - Asia
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Australia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - CERVICAL ESOPHAGOGASTRIC ANASTOMOSIS
KW  - CERVICAL ESOPHAGOGASTROSTOMY
KW  - Classification
KW  - complications
KW  - CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - ECONOMIC OUTCOMES
KW  - English
KW  - Esophagogastrostomy
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Experience
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Gastroepiploic Artery
KW  - HAND-SEWN
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - HOSPITAL VOLUME
KW  - Into
KW  - JUNCTION
KW  - LEAK
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - POSTOPERATIVE MORBIDITY
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RATES
KW  - RESECTION
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - STAY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Survival
KW  - Technique
KW  - TUBE
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 296
EP  - 302
JF  - Diseases of the Esophagus.Vol.15(4)()(pp 296-302), 2002.
J1  - Diseases of the Esophagus
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
N2  - The aim of this study was to critically evaluate acute and long-term complications of hand-sewn and semimechanical cervical esophagogastric anastomosis following resection of primary esophageal adenocarcinoma. Between February 1991 and 2001, 91 consecutive patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy (transthoracic, n=49; transhiatal, n=42), transposing a gastric tube based on the right gastroepiploic artery. All esophagogastric anastomoses were performed in the left neck using a hand-sewn technique (n=53) and, from September 1997, a side-to-side semimechanical technique (n=38). Outcomes evaluated were anastomotic leak rates, length of stay, and development of strictures. Postoperative mortality was 4.4% ( all cardiopulmonary causes). Fifty-eight patients (63.7%) had an uncomplicated postoperative course, with a median postoperative length of stay of 10 days ( vs. 20 days with associated morbidity; Pless than or equal to0.001). Anastomotic leaks were the leading cause of postoperative morbidity ( 16.5%, 15/91), and were classified into four types based on severity. The semimechanical anastomotic technique was associated with a reduced leak rate compared with the hand-sewn technique (7.9%, 3/38 vs. 22.6%, 12/53; P=0.08), although different patterns of anastomotic failure were seen following semimechanical anastomoses, with increased mediastinal and pleural sepsis. Anastomotic strictures developed in nine (17.0%) hand-sewn and three (7.9%) semimechanical anastomoses. Our conclusion was that a semimechanical technique for cervical esophagogastrostomy is associated with reduced anastomotic leak rates compared with hand-sewn anastomoses, resulting in a shorter postoperative stay. Patterns of anastomotic failure varied between each technique, possibly as a consequence of a longer cervical esophageal segment required for construction of a semimechanical anastomosis. The association between anastomotic technique and stricture development was not clear from this study
SN  - 1120-8694
AV  - Dalhousie Univ, Dept Surg, Halifax, NS B3H 4H2, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Halifax, NS, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000179692900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1868
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and cost-effectiveness analysis 2355
A1  - Chalfin,D.B.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Chalfin, DB, Albert Einstein Coll Med, 170 E End Ave, New York, NY 10128 USA 30 7 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA CRIT CARE CLIN JUL Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 109WX
KW  - ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ATTAINMENT
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - cost-effectiveness analysis
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - economic analysis
KW  - ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - Independence
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Patient
KW  - principles
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - rigor
KW  - THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 525
EP  - +
JF  - Critical Care Clinics
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - Health care has become increasingly expensive and clinicians have come under increased scrutiny to critically appraise the economic impact of medical programs and interventions. To ensure an equitable allocation of scarce resources and the attainment of maximal clinical benefit, it is vital to adhere to certain basic tenets of economic analysis and to understand the basic approach to cost-effectiveness analysis. These principles are applied to critical care medicine and analogies are made to the methodological rigor of evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0749-0704
AV  - Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY 10128 USA.
UR  - ISI:000075348300013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1869
T1  - Biomedical journals: Keeping up and reading critically 184
A1  - Chase,K.L.
A1  - DiGiacomo,R.F.
A1  - Van Hoosier,G.L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Chase, KL, Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA chasey@u.washington.edu 31 0 AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE MEMPHIS 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM SCI SEP Discipline: Veterinary Sciences; Zoology 090UL
KW  - And
KW  - Animals
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - biomedical
KW  - CANDIDATES
KW  - Certification
KW  - challenge
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL SKILLS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Consultation
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - CONTINUING-EDUCATION
KW  - Coping
KW  - critical
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - extrapolation
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Goals
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technology
KW  - therapeutic approaches
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
JF  - Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
N2  - By extrapolation from studies of physicians, knowledge and practice of laboratory animal medicine and science are expected to become progressively more outdated the longer practitioners are out of school. Keeping up with current literature and practice is a challenge that necessitates the use of many different sources of continuing education. Both veterinarians and physicians consistently list journals as the most beneficial source of new information. Accordingly, they must select from the veterinary and biomedical literature articles that report original studies and systematic reviews and recognize and respond to valid new knowledge to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and maintain consistent clinical skills. Other objectives include selecting journals for general information and for information relevant or specific to one's field of research. Lastly, candidates for board certification need to read articles from journals that potentially provide the basis for questions on the examination. 'High-impact' journals should be identified, and articles should be reviewed critically. In a survey of recent candidates for laboratory animal medicine board examination, these journals included Contemporary Topics (now JAALAS), Comparative Medicine, ILAR journal, and Laboratory Animals. Strategies for coping with the challenge of staying current with the literature include wise use of technology, journal clubs, and consultation with colleagues. A laboratory animal practitioner can become a better scientist and clinician by evaluating the research performed by others. Thorough, critical review of biomedical literature is paramount to these goals
SN  - 1559-6109
AV  - Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
UR  - ISI:000240977500003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1870
T1  - Are our courses working? Measuring student learning 2253
A1  - Chenoweth,N.A.
A1  - Hayes,J.R.
A1  - Gripp,P.
A1  - Littleton,E.B.
A1  - Steinberg,E.R.
A1  - Van Every,D.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Chenoweth, NA, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA 3 2 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA WRIT COMMUN JAN Discipline: Communication 157EL
KW  - And
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communication
KW  - COURSES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENTIATION
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Goals
KW  - History
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Learning
KW  - NA
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - student learning
KW  - Students
KW  - TEAM
KW  - TERM
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 50
JF  - Written Communication
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - This article describes an assessment carried our in collaboration with the administrators of a large freshman English course. The assessment team worked with instructors to identify course goals and to design tasks that the instructors felt would fairly assess the extent to which the students achieved the goals. Students who did and did not take the course were both pre- and posttested on five central goals: critical reading, argument identification, differentiation of summary and paraphrase, understanding of key terms used in the course, and practical strategies for writing academic papers. Results of the assessment failed to indicate any substantial improvement on any of the five course goals for students who took the course. These results contrasted with positive outcomes obtained by the same assessment team with introductory history and statistics courses. The article concludes with reflections on why instructors may fail to recognize that their courses are not working
SN  - 0741-0883
AV  - Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
UR  - ISI:000078047100002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1871
T1  - Summary report: Evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury 2191
A1  - Chesnut,R.M.
A1  - Carney,N.
A1  - Maynard,H.
A1  - Mann,N.C.
A1  - Patterson,P.
A1  - Helfand,M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Chesnut, RM, Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97201 USA 55 27 ASPEN PUBL INC FREDERICK 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA J HEAD TRAUMA REHABIL APR Discipline: Rehabilitation 187DN
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injuries
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - COMMITMENT
KW  - data
KW  - DEFICITS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Early Intervention
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - health outcome
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION
KW  - Oregon
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - person
KW  - PHASE
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - recovery
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - RETURN
KW  - Standardization
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - STAY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - TRAUMA
KW  - TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 188
JF  - Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - We evaluated the evidence fur effectiveness of rehabilitation methods throughout the phases of recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults. MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched, and a total of 3,098 abstracts were reviewed. The strongest studies were critically appraised and their data placed in evidence tables. Results showed that to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for persons with TBI. a commitment must be made to population-based studies, strong controlled research design, standardization of measures, adequate statistical analysis, and specification of health outcomes of importance to persons with TBI and their families
SN  - 0885-9701
AV  - Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Med Informat & Outcomes Res, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Nursing, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
UR  - ISI:000079771800007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1872
T1  - Perceptions toward HIV, HIV screening, and the use of antiretroviral medications: a survey of maternity-based health care providers in Zambia 873
A1  - Chi,B.H.
A1  - Chansa,K.
A1  - Gardner,M.O.
A1  - Sangi-Haghpeykar,H.
A1  - Goldenberg,R.L.
A1  - Sinkala,M.
A1  - Muchimba,M.
A1  - Stringer,J.S.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Chi, BH, Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Box 34681,Plot 5977, Lusaka, Zambia Bchi@cidrz.org 7 2 ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD LONDON 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND INT J STD AIDS OCT Discipline: Immunology; Infectious Diseases 861BV
KW  - AIDS
KW  - And
KW  - antiretroviral medications
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - FACILITIES
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HIV
KW  - HIV screening
KW  - HIV/AIDS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Base
KW  - London
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - MEDICATIONS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - NEED
KW  - nevirapine
KW  - On
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - PRACTICE PATTERNS
KW  - practitioners
KW  - prescribing
KW  - Prevention
KW  - provider perceptions
KW  - Research
KW  - Screening
KW  - survey
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - testing
KW  - TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
KW  - TRANSMISSION
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
KW  - Zambia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 685
EP  - 690
JF  - International Journal of STD & AIDS.Vol.15(10)()(pp 685-690), 2004.
J1  - International Journal of STD & AIDS
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
N2  - Mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is a major contributor to Zambia's HIV burden. Based on our experience in Zambia, we felt that provider perceptions, knowledge base, and practice patterns toward HIV-positive mothers may pose as significant obstacles to preventing MTCT. Two hundred and twenty-five health care providers throughout Zambia were surveyed in 2002. Providers reported widespread stigma associated with HIV. Physicians (OR = 1.9), providers with research affiliations (OR = 23), and those located in Lusaka (OR = 9.0) were more likely to offer HIV testing. Only 30% routinely prescribed antiretroviral treatment (ART) to reduce MTCT. Practitioners from district facilities, those from Lusaka, and those employed at research facilities were more likely to prescribe ART routinely (OR = 2.8, 10.1 and 3.4 respectively). Among those never prescribing ART, most cited a lack of availability (83%). Our results highlight the need for further provider education, critical appraisal of the current system for HIV testing, and widespread distribution of ART
SN  - 0956-4624
AV  - Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Zambia, Sch Med, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Lusaka Urban Dist Hlth Management Board, Lusaka, Zambia.
UR  - ISI:000224392000010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1873
T1  - Prognostic factors in head and neck oncology: A critical appraisal for use in clinical practice 2255
A1  - Chiesa,F.
A1  - Tradati,N.
A1  - Mauri,S.
A1  - Calabrese,L.
A1  - Grigolato,R.
A1  - Giugliano,G.
A1  - Zurrida,S.
A1  - Chiesa,F.
A1  - Squadrelli,M.
A1  - Viale,G.
A1  - Maiorano,E.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Chiesa, F, European Inst Oncol, Head & Neck Unit, Via Ripamonti 435, I-20141 Milan, Italy fchiesa@ieo.it 66 7 INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH ATHENS EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE ANTICANCER RES NOV-DEC Discipline: Oncology 157HT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - behaviour
KW  - biological
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CHROMOSOMAL-ABNORMALITIES
KW  - Classification
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
KW  - Confusion
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CYCLIN D1 OVEREXPRESSION
KW  - discipline
KW  - DNA CONTENT
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Greece
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Head
KW  - head and neck
KW  - head and neck cancer
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - Literature
KW  - LYMPH-NODE METASTASES
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NECK CANCER
KW  - NECK-CANCER
KW  - NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS
KW  - Oncology
KW  - ORAL CAVITY
KW  - outcome
KW  - P53 PROTEIN
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - predictive factors
KW  - PROGNOSTIC FACTOR
KW  - PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
KW  - PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Use
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4769
EP  - 4776
JF  - Anticancer Research
VL  - 18
IS  - 6B
N2  - Background: An ideal prognostic factor would provide information about the biological behaviour of a tumour, permitting the prediction of the outcome and response to therapy. Nowadays there is a considerable confusion concerning the value, significance and use of the know prognostic factors in head and neck cancer. Material and Methods: A meta-analysis of works published in literature between 1993 and August 1997 an prognostic factors in head and neck oncology was carried out. Results: Prognostic factors were analysed and classifield according to Wennenberg in the following groups: patient-related factors, tumour-related factors and factors predicting response to therapy. Conclusions: We propose a classification of prognostic factors in head and neck cancer according to their significance and reliability: factors of proven significance and experimental factors. This classification might be useful to select guidelines to use in clinical practice
SN  - 0250-7005
AV  - European Inst Oncol, Head & Neck Unit, I-20141 Milan, Italy. Natl Canc Inst, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Hosp Bergamo, ENT Dept, Bergamo, Italy. Univ Bari, Sch Med, Inst Pathol Anat, I-70121 Bari, Italy. Univ Milan, Sch Med, I-20122 Milan, Italy. European Inst Oncol, Div Pathol & Lab Med, I-20141 Milan, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000078056100037
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1874
T1  - Examining the evidence in anesthesia literature: A critical appraisal of systematic reviews 1780
A1  - Choi,P.T.L.
A1  - Halpern,S.H.
A1  - Malik,N.
A1  - Jadad,A.R.
A1  - Tramer,M.R.
A1  - Walder,B.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Choi, PTL, McMaster Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, 1200 Main St W,Room HSC-2 U7, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 99 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA ANESTH ANALG MAR Discipline: Anesthesiology 408QZ
KW  - ALLOGENEIC TRANSFUSION
KW  - anaesthesia
KW  - And
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bias
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - Canada
KW  - computerized
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTRICAL NERVE-STIMULATION
KW  - English
KW  - epidural analgesia
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - fluid resuscitation
KW  - HAND
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - interpretation
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - OMITTING NITROUS-OXIDE
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - Patient-Controlled Analgesia
KW  - PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINE
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA
KW  - PROPOFOL ANESTHESIA
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - structured review
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 700
EP  - 709
JF  - Anesthesia and Analgesia
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
N2  - Systematic reviews are structured reviews that use scientific strategies to reduce bias in the collection, appraisal, and interpretation of relevant studies. We undertook a systematic review of published systematic reviews in perioperative medicine to summarize the areas currently covered by this type of literature, to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews in this field, and to assess some of the methodologic and reporting issues that are unique to systematic reviews. Computerized bibliographic databases, citation review, and hand searches were performed to identify eligible articles. Quality was assessed using the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire. Eight-two systematic reviews were found. Reviews in perioperative medicine tended to evaluate prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. No differences were seen in quality between reviews published in anesthesia and nonanesthesia journals. Nearly half of all systematic reviews had only minor or minimal flaws; however, methods can be improved with expanded search strategies, use of least two reviewers to assess each study, use of validated methods to evaluate quality, and assessment of potential sources of bias
SN  - 0003-2999
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Anesthesia, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Adm, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Anesthesiol, Geneva, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000167340300028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1875
T1  - Examining the evidence in anesthesia literature: A critical appraisal of systematic reviews 1784
A1  - Choi,P.T.L.
A1  - Halpern,S.H.
A1  - Malik,N.
A1  - Jadad,A.R.
A1  - Tramer,M.R.
A1  - Walder,B.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Choi, PTL, McMaster Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, 1200 Main St W,Room HSC-2 U7, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 99 13 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA ANESTH ANALG MAR Discipline: Anesthesiology 405JW
KW  - ALLOGENEIC TRANSFUSION
KW  - anaesthesia
KW  - And
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Bias
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - Canada
KW  - computerized
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTRICAL NERVE-STIMULATION
KW  - English
KW  - epidural analgesia
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - fluid resuscitation
KW  - HAND
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - interpretation
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - OMITTING NITROUS-OXIDE
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - Patient-Controlled Analgesia
KW  - PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINE
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA
KW  - PROPOFOL ANESTHESIA
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - structured review
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 700
EP  - 709
JF  - Anesthesia and Analgesia
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
N2  - Systematic reviews are structured reviews that use scientific strategies to reduce bias in the collection, appraisal, and interpretation of relevant studies. We undertook a systematic review of published systematic reviews in perioperative medicine to summarize the areas currently covered by this type of literature, to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews in this held and to assess some of the methodologic and reporting issues that are unique to systematic reviews. Computerized bibliographic databases, citation review, and hand searches were performed to identify eligible articles. Quality was assessed using the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire. Eight-two systematic reviews were found. Reviews in perioperative medicine tended to evaluate prophylactic or therapeutic interventions. No differences were seen in quality between reviews published in anesthesia and nonanesthesia journals. Nearly half of all systematic reviews had only minor or minimal flaws; however, methods can be improved with expanded search strategies, use of least two reviewers to assess each study, use of validated methods to evaluate quality, and assessment of potential sources of bias
SN  - 0003-2999
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Anesthesia, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Adm, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Univ Hlth Network, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Hosp Geneva, Div Anesthesiol, Geneva, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000167157100028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1876
T1  - Critical appraisal and evidence-based psychiatry 2290
A1  - Churchill,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Churchill, R, Univ London Kings Coll, Inst Psychiat, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England spjurca@iop.bpmf.ac.uk 32 1 CARFAX PUBL CO ABINGDON PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE INT REV PSYCHIATR NOV Discipline: Psychiatry 140JK
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHIATRY
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - NON-STATISTICIAN
KW  - Paper
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - READ
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 344
EP  - 352
JF  - International Review of Psychiatry
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SN  - 0954-0261
AV  - Univ London Kings Coll, Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AF, England.
UR  - ISI:000077084000016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1877
T1  - Reporting of clinical details in randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of migraine/headaches and nausea/vomiting 1318
A1  - Claraco,A.E.
A1  - Hanna,S.E.
A1  - Fargas-Babjak,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Claraco, AE, McMaster Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, 1200 Main St W,Room HSC-2U, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 14 6 MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL LARCHMONT 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA J ALTERN COMPLEMENT MED FEB Discipline: Integrative & Complementary Medicine 652VE
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - anaesthesia
KW  - And
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - Bias
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklist
KW  - clinical
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Goals
KW  - Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - migraine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomization
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - READER
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Sample
KW  - SCALE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - TERM
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 151
EP  - 159
JF  - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2004 Dec; 10(6): 985-1000.(61 ref)
J1  - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
N2  - Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of reporting of clinical details in a selected sample of 30 randomized control trials (RCT) on acupuncture efficacy for the treatment of migraine/headaches (n = 11) and for nausea/vomiting (n = 19). Additional goals included the assessment of the quality of randomization of the trials, and the assessment of the degree of reporting of information about the outcome measures used in each trial. Methods: A checklist of 50 clinical details selected on the basis of a previous survey was used to evaluate the degree of reporting of information about patients, practitioners, diagnosis, and acupuncture treatments presented in each RCT. The likelihood of bias in the randomization process was assessed using a previously validated scale. Information about reliability/validity and clinical significance of the outcome measures used in each trial was assessed in terms of fully, partially, or not reported, with no attempt to evaluate their quality or appropriateness. Results: In this sample of RCTs an average of 38.7% of important clinical details per trial were either fully or partially reported by researchers, the lowest being 26.4% for the migraine/headaches group. Studies with better quality of randomization were not more likely to report important clinical details. Only five studies (16.7%) provided information about reliability and validity of the outcome measures used, and only four studies (13.3%), all from the migraines/headache group, discussed the clinical significance of the outcome measures selected. Conclusions: In this sample of 30 RCTs of acupuncture efficacy for the treatment of migraines /headache and nausea/vomiting, researchers neglected to report adequately on important clinical details, and often did not discuss the reliability, validity, and clinical significance of the outcome measures used in the trials, thus rendering potential readers of the articles unable to critically appraise them from a clinical standpoint. In addition, the fact that the quality of randomization of the trials was totally unrelated to the degree of reporting of clinical details renders potential reviewers of these studies unable to establish valid conclusions about acupuncture efficacy based on the general quality of the methodological design. In the future, all areas of clinical acupuncture research need to be reviewed in a similar manner, and recommendations about proper reporting of important clinical details and proper discussion of the validity, reliability, and clinical significance of the outcome measures used in each trial should be made. Only then could this research be used to generate meaningful evidence-based recommendations for the contemporary practice of acupuncture
SN  - 1075-5535
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000181400900018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1878
T1  - Do public access defibrillation (PAD) programmes lead to an increase of patients surviving to discharge from hospital following out of hospital cardiac arrest?- a literature review 127
A1  - Clare,C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Clare, C, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London SW7 2AZ, England c.clare@imperial.ac.uk 14 1 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND INT J NURS STUD NOV Discipline: Nursing 102VQ
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - Defibrillation
KW  - defibrillators
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - HAND
KW  - Heart Arrest
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - inclusion
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Language
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - London
KW  - MEDICAL-SERVICES SYSTEM
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - On
KW  - out of hospital
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - public access
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - randomised controlled trials
KW  - RATES
KW  - Relative
KW  - REMOVAL
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Survival
KW  - TERM
KW  - TEXT
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Trust
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1057
EP  - 1062
JF  - International Journal of Nursing Studies
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
N2  - Objective: To ascertain the evidence for effectiveness of Public Access Defibrillation Programmes using any level of first responder. Data Sources: Structured searches were made of Medline, Cinahl, Embase, and 'All EBM reviews' (CDSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, CCTR). No limits were set on the searches in terms of date, publication type or language. Limited hand searches were carried out and colleagues approached for potential papers. Review Methods: All 491 results were 'hand searched' for suitability. Potential papers for inclusion were further reviewed by access to abstracts or full text if necessary. The final papers for review were assessed using a recognised checklist. Results: Of a total of 491 results from all databases removal of repeats and papers that did not answer the question led to 22 papers being further reviewed. Of these 19 were excluded and a final three were assessed and reviewed. Of the three papers two were randomised controlled trials (one with cross over design) and one was a non-randomised controlled cross over trial. Two of the papers assessed the use of level one responders and one level two responders. Odds ratios for the trials using level one responders were 1.3 and 1.6. The relative risk (of survival) for the trial using level two responders was 2.0. However all three trials had wide confidence intervals. Conclusion: The use of level one responders probably carries a slight benefit for patients in OOHCA. The use of level two responders may lead to a greater benefit but only for a small section of the population suffering OOHCA. Emphasis must also be placed on the improvement of ambulance response times and bystander CPR rates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0020-7489
AV  - Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London SW7 2AZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000241841800013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1879
T1  - Measuring the quality of supervision and the training experience in psychiatry 2177
A1  - Clarke,D.M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Clarke, DM, Monash Med Ctr, Dept Psychol Med, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia 19 3 BLACKWELL SCIENCE ASIA CARLTON 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA AUST N Z J PSYCHIAT APR Discipline: Psychiatry 195JX
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Asia
KW  - Australia
KW  - clinical
KW  - context
KW  - COUNSELORS
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - guidance
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Management
KW  - meetings
KW  - method
KW  - Model
KW  - Privacy
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychiatry education
KW  - Psychotherapy
KW  - PSYCHOTHERAPY SUPERVISORS
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reliability
KW  - rotation
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - supervision
KW  - Training
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 248
EP  - 252
JF  - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and trial a method of trainee evaluation of the supervision and training experience. Method: A questionnaire was developed and applied at the end of each of four 6-month clinical rotations. Results: The evaluation demonstrated areas of strength (punctuality and reliability, encouragement, educational value, clinical guidance) and weakness (journal club, clinical meetings). Many supervisors were not observing diagnostic or management interviews of trainees. Psychotherapy supervision received the highest ratings. Conclusions: Because of the privacy of supervision and the occasional nature of evaluations, reliability of scores cannot be demonstrated. However, within the context of a model of quality improvement, and supplemented by the education and supervision of supervisors, trainee evaluations can be useful in targeting specific areas of deficiency in training and supervision
SN  - 0004-8674
AV  - Monash Med Ctr, Dept Psychol Med, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000080248300013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1880
T1  - Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire: Validation in children from Singapore 2089
A1  - Clarke,E.
A1  - Sulaiman,S.
A1  - Tim,C.F.
A1  - Chi,S.L.P.
A1  - Mital,R.
A1  - Lee,B.W.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Clarke, E, Natl Univ Singapore, Childrens Med Ctr, Singapore, Singapore 23 3 ALLERGY IMMUNOL SOC THAILAND, BANGKOK MAHIDOL UNIV, DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL, FACULTY TROPICAL MED, BANGKOK 10400, THAILAND ASIAN PAC J ALLERGY IMMUNOL SEP Discipline: Allergy; Immunology 251KU
KW  - activity
KW  - Aged
KW  - allergy
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Asian
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Construct Validity
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - Emotion
KW  - Emotions
KW  - English
KW  - Faculty
KW  - HEALTH-STATUS
KW  - IF
KW  - Life
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - pediatric
KW  - physical
KW  - Population
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Reliability
KW  - responsiveness
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Singapore
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Thailand
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
EP  - 161
JF  - Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
N2  - "Quality of Life" is a multidimensional measure encompassing the physical, emotional and social functioning of the child. The asthma specific questionnaire contains 23 questions (items) in three areas (domains) of activity. symptoms and emotions. The objective of the present study was to validate the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire "PAQLQ"(copyright 1991 McMaster University). If the questionnaire is valid, a change in the child's asthma will be accompanied by a change in the "Quality of Life" questionnaire score. The questionnaire was administered twice over four weeks and the child's asthma status was assessed concurrently. Two groups were thus identified; Group A = unchanged asthma, Group B = changed asthma. Forty-seven children, aged 7 to 14 years, completed the study. Reliability of the questionnaire shows an intraclass-correlation coefficient of only 0.71. Cross-sectional construct validity was demonstrated by a significant correlation between the whole questionnaire and the clinical asthma score (p < 0.001) but not in the separate domains. Longitudinal construct validity was also demonstrated by the significant correlation between change in the total questionnaire score, but not separate domains, with change in the child's asthma score (p < 0.05). Responsiveness was shown by a significant difference in the magnitude of the change in the questionnaire score between the two groups (p < 0.001), but again not in the separate domains. It was concluded that the questionnaire was validated as a whole but not in as convincing a manner, as has been done by others, and we are therefore in a position to advise caution in its application in our population
SN  - 0125-877X
AV  - Natl Univ Singapore, Childrens Med Ctr, Singapore, Singapore.
UR  - ISI:000083445500005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1881
T1  - Electromyography in sports and occupational settings: an update of its limits and possibilities 1868
A1  - Clarys,J.P.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Clarys, JP, Free Univ Brussels, Fac Phys Educ & Physiotherapy, Brussels, Belgium 62 7 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND ERGONOMICS OCT Discipline: Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology 365LD
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - BACK
KW  - back pain
KW  - Belgium
KW  - biological
KW  - choice
KW  - CHOICES
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - detection hazards
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - diagnostic tool
KW  - discipline
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION
KW  - EMG
KW  - Engineering
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Ergonomics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - fatigue
KW  - FORCE
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - functions
KW  - HAND
KW  - history and bibliometry
KW  - Human
KW  - IF
KW  - interaction
KW  - JOINT
KW  - Kinematics
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - London
KW  - LONG
KW  - Measurement
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - MUSCLE
KW  - normalization
KW  - On
KW  - Pain
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Posture
KW  - problems
KW  - psychology
KW  - quality
KW  - raw EMG
KW  - Recording
KW  - rectifed EMG
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Responses
KW  - SIGNAL
KW  - Signal Detection
KW  - specificity
KW  - Sport
KW  - STIMULATION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - surface-integrated electromyography
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Technique
KW  - Terminology
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Training
KW  - UNIT
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Use
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - Velocity
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1750
EP  - 1762
JF  - Ergonomics
VL  - 43
IS  - 10
N2  - The detection of the electrical signal from human and animal muscle dates from long before L. Galvani who took credit for it. J. Swammerdam had already shown the Duke of Tuscany in 1658 the mechanics of muscular contraction. Even if 'electrology or localised electrisation'-the original terminology for electromyography (EMG)-contained the oldest biological scientific detection and measuring techniques, EMG remained a 'supporting' measurement with limited discriminating use, except in conjunction with other methods. All this changed when EMG became a diagnostic tool for studies of muscle weakness, fatigue, pareses, paralysis, and nerve conduction velocities, lesions of the motor unit or for neurogenic and myogenic problems. In addition to the measurement qualities, the electrical signal could be induced as functional electrical stimulation (FES), which developed as a specific rehabilitation tool. Almost in parallel and within the expanding area of EMG, a speciality developed wherein the aim was to use EMG for the study of muscular function and coordination of muscles in different movements and postures. Kinesiological EMG and therewith surface EMG can be applied in studies of normal muscle function during selected movements and postures; muscle activity in complex sports; occupational and rehabilitation movements; isometric contraction with increasing tension up to the maximal voluntary contraction, evaluation of functional anatomical muscle activity (validation of classical anatomical functions); coordination and synchronization studies (kinematic chain); specificity and efficiency of training methods; fatigue; the relationship between EMG and force; the human-machine interaction; the influence of material on muscle activity, occupational loading in relation to lower back pain and joint kinematics. Within these various applications the recording system (e.g. the signal detection, the volume conduction, signal amplification, impedance and frequency responses, the signal characteristics) and the dataprocessing system (e.g. rectification, linear envelope and normalization methods) go hand in hand with a critical appraisal of choices, limits and possibilities
SN  - 0014-0139
AV  - Free Univ Brussels, Fac Phys Educ & Physiotherapy, Brussels, Belgium.
UR  - ISI:000089952000028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1882
T1  - Critical readings: progress files and the production of the autonomous learner 760
A1  - Clegg,S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Clegg, S, Sheffield Hallam Univ, Learning & Teaching Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England s.clegg@shu.ac.uk 42 3 CARFAX PUBLISHING-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND TEACH HIGH EDUC JUL Discipline: Education & Educational Research 901RR
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Career
KW  - CONSCIOUS REFLECTION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational policy
KW  - educational research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Individualization
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEARNERS
KW  - Learning
KW  - limitations
KW  - LONG
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PART
KW  - Personal Development Planning
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - progress
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - RETURN
KW  - teacher preparation
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TERM
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - Work
KW  - YIELD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 287
EP  - 298
JF  - Teaching in Higher Education
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
N2  - Progress files represent a major policy initiative involving the use of Personal Development Planning (PDP) aimed at the production of autonomous learners who are capable of planning for their own career and personal futures. The paper is organized in three parts and argues for a more critical approach, which locates PDP as part of broader shifts within educational policy and practice. The first part of the paper explores the lack of conceptual clarity associated with the term PDP. It argues that 'evidence' of 'what works' is unlikely to yield useful knowledge for practitioners as long as this evidence is based on untheorized accounts of PDP. The second part of the paper explores the concept of reflection, which underpins PDP, and argues for greater critical engagement with the conditions of reflection and an understanding of the limitations of reflection. The final part of the paper takes up the broader theme of individualization and returns to the major theme of the paper that the sorts of autonomy that are assumed in the practices of PDP are neither neutral nor an accomplished fact
SN  - 1356-2517
AV  - Sheffield Hallam Univ, Learning & Teaching Inst, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000227300100002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1883
T1  - Development and application of a generic methodology to assess the quality of clinical guidelines 2224
A1  - Cluzeau,F.A.
A1  - Littlejohns,P.
A1  - Grimshaw,J.M.
A1  - Feder,G.
A1  - Moran,S.E.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Cluzeau, FA, St George Hosp, Sch Med, Hlth Care Evaluat Unit, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, England F.Cluzeau@SGHMS.ac.uk 42 87 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND INT J QUAL HEALTH CARE FEB Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services 172PV
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Asthma
KW  - biases
KW  - BREAST
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - coronary heart disease
KW  - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Depression
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Europe
KW  - evidence
KW  - form
KW  - GLOBAL ASSESSMENT
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Service
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HEART
KW  - heart disease
KW  - HEART-DISEASE
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Performance
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - PREDICTOR
KW  - PREDICTORS
KW  - quality
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UK
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 21
EP  - 28
JF  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
N2  - Background. Despite clinical guidelines penetrating every aspect of clinical practice and health policy, doubts persist over their ability to improve patient care. We have designed and tested a generic critical appraisal instrument, that assesses whether developers have minimized the biases inherent in creating guidelines, and addressed the requirements for effective implementation. Design. Thirty-seven items describing suggested predictors of guideline quality were grouped into three dimensions covering the rigour of development, clarity of presentation (including the context and content) and implementation issues. The ease of use, reliability and validity of the instrument was tested on a national sample of guidelines for the management of asthma, breast cancer, depression and coronary heart disease, with 120 appraisers. A numerical score was derived to allow comparison of guidelines within and between diseases. Results. The instrument has acceptable reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.68-0.84; intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.82-0.90). The results provided some evidence of validity (Pearson's correlation coefficient between appraisers' dimension scores and their global assessment was 0.49 for dimension one, 0.63 for dimension two and 0.40 for dimension three). The instrument could differentiate between national and local guidelines and was easy to apply. There was variation in the performance of guidelines with most not achieving a majority of criteria in each dimension. Conclusions. Use of this instrument should encourage developers to create guidelines that reflect relevant research evidence more accurately. Potential users or groups adapting guidelines for local use could apply the instrument to help decide which one to follow The National Health Service Executive is using the instrument to assist in deciding which guidelines to recommend to the UK National Health Sendee. This methodology forms the basis of a common approach to assessing guideline quality in Europe
SN  - 1353-4505
AV  - St George Hosp, Sch Med, Hlth Care Evaluat Unit, London SW17 0RE, England. Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Serv Res Unit, London, England. St Bartholomews & Royal London Sch Med & Dent, Dept Gen Practice & Primary Care, London, England.
UR  - ISI:000078933800004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1884
T1  - Critical reading and writing in the Burkean classroom: A response to Mary Salibrici 2183
A1  - Coe,R.M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Coe, RM, Simon Fraser Univ, Dept English, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada 10 0 INT READING ASSOC NEWARK 800 BARKSDALE RD P O BOX 8139, NEWARK, DE 19714 USA J ADOLESC ADULT LITERACY MAY Discipline: Education & Educational Research 190FY
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult literacy
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - classroom
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - USA
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 638
EP  - 640
JF  - Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy
VL  - 42
IS  - 8
SN  - 1081-3004
AV  - Simon Fraser Univ, Dept English, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000079953100005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1885
T1  - Circumferential decompression of the foramen magnum for the treatment of syringomyelia associated with basilar invagination 932
A1  - Collignon,F.P.
A1  - Cohen-Gadol,A.A.
A1  - Krauss,W.E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Cohen-Gadol, AA, Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, St Marys Hosp, Dept Neurol Surg, Joseph 1-229,1216 2nd St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA cohengadol.aaron@mayo.edu 48 2 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA NEUROSURG REV JUL Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Surgery 838ZF
KW  - ABNORMALITIES
KW  - And
KW  - ARNOLD-CHIARI MALFORMATION
KW  - Article
KW  - basilar invagination
KW  - Chiari I
KW  - Chiari malformation
KW  - clinical
KW  - CRANIAL FOSSA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - duraplasty
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - I MALFORMATION
KW  - JUNCTION
KW  - MALFORMATION
KW  - Neurology
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - posterior fossa
KW  - POSTERIOR-FOSSA DECOMPRESSION
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Standard
KW  - suboccipital craniectomy
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - SURGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - syringomyelia
KW  - transoral odontoidectomy
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 168
EP  - 172
JF  - Neurosurgical Review
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
N2  - Posterior fossa decompression utilizing suboccipital craniectomy and duraplasty remains the standard surgical treatment for Chiari-associated syringomyelia. In the presence of basilar invagination, anterior decompression, typically transoral odontoidectomy, or posterior decompression may be performed. We report two cases in which anterior and posterior (circumferential) decompression of the foramen magnum was used to treat cervical syringomyelia successfully. These cases demonstrate that circumferential decompression of the foramen magnum may be necessary in some cases of cervical syringomyelia associated with basilar invagination and Chiari malformation
SN  - 0344-5607
AV  - Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, St Marys Hosp, Dept Neurol Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000222752400004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1886
T1  - Success and its price - The institutionalization and political relevance of industrial ecology 429
A1  - Cohen,M.J.
A1  - Howard,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Cohen, MJ, New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Univ Hts, Newark, NJ 07102 USA mcohen@adm.njit.edu 59 0 M I T PRESS CAMBRIDGE 238 MAIN STREET, STE 500, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1046 USA J IND ECOL WIN-SPR Discipline: Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences 015TX
KW  - academia
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - conflict
KW  - CONSERVATION
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - ecological modernization
KW  - ECOLOGIES
KW  - Ecology
KW  - effort
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - environmental policy
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - FIELD
KW  - gains
KW  - Government
KW  - higher education
KW  - industrial ecology
KW  - Industry
KW  - institutionalization
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - professional
KW  - Protection
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Science
KW  - sociology of knowledge
KW  - strategies
KW  - Success
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 88
JF  - Journal of Industrial Ecology
VL  - 10
IS  - 1-2
N2  - As industrial ecology (IE) solidifies conceptually and methodologically, and as it gains visibility and legitimacy in academia, industry and government, it is important that the IE community periodically evaluate the status of its emerging institutional arrangements. At the same time, industrial ecologists should assess the political relations developing between the field and the larger world. We analyze four institutional criteria: professional legitimacy, viable clientele, entrepreneurial acumen, and occupational opportunities, as well as a more controversial fifth measure-political relevance. Drawing a comparison with the field of ecology, we argue that efforts to foster IE institutionally can, ironically, conflict with the objective of seeing IE become "the science and engineering of sustainability" The article concludes by reflecting on the importance of this kind of critical appraisal and on why many observers of the field remain hopeful
SN  - 1088-1980
AV  - New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Grad Program Environm Policy Studies, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Urban & Publ Affairs, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
UR  - ISI:000235575000008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1887
T1  - Critical appraisal of respirometric methods for metal inhibition on activated sludge 53
A1  - Cokgor,E.U.
A1  - Wdemir,S.
A1  - Karahan,O.
A1  - Insel,G.
A1  - Orhon,D.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Cokgor, EU, Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey ubay@itu.edu.tr 28 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS J HAZARD MATER JAN 10 Discipline: Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences 130TP
KW  - activated sludge
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - experiments
KW  - FOOD
KW  - heavy metals
KW  - HYDROLYSIS
KW  - Impact
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - inhibition
KW  - Insight
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Measurement
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MICROTOX(R)
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - On
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - oxygen uptake rate
KW  - OXYGEN-UPTAKE
KW  - Paper
KW  - PLACE
KW  - PROFILE
KW  - Reaction Time
KW  - Reduction
KW  - respirometry
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - STARCH
KW  - SUBSTRATE
KW  - Time
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - Turkey
KW  - WASTE-WATER
KW  - YIELD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 332
EP  - 339
JF  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
VL  - 139
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper evaluates the merit of oxygen uptake rate measurements for the assessment of metal inhibition on activated sludge. For this purpose, experiments are conducted to calculate EC50 levels of nickel and hexavalent chromium using the ISO 8192 procedure, yielding results that are highly variable and difficult to correlate, depending on the type of substrate and the initial food to microorganism ratio. Similar experiments based on continuous respitometric measurements to give the entire oxygen uptake rate profile provide a much better insight on the impact of inhibition on different biochemical processes taking place in the reactor. The results indicate that percent reduction of the amount of dissolved oxygen utilized after an appropriate reaction time is a much better index for the assessment of the inhibitory effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0304-3894
AV  - Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Civil Engn, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
UR  - ISI:000243822200021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1888
T1  - Menopausal hormone therapy after breast cancer: a meta-analysis and critical appraisal of the evidence 649
A1  - Col,N.F.
A1  - Kim,J.A.
A1  - Chlebowski,R.T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Col, NF, Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA ncol@lifespan.org 35 4 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD LONDON MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND BREAST CANCER RES Discipline: Oncology 936GV
KW  - Affect
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BREAST
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Recurrence
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - combined
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Estrogen Replacement Therapy
KW  - evidence
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
KW  - HORMONE
KW  - HOT FLUSHES
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Objectives
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - PLUS PROGESTIN
KW  - Publication
KW  - randomized
KW  - randomized clinical trial
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - REANALYSIS
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Recurrence Risk
KW  - Relative
KW  - Reliability
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Standard
KW  - STATISTICAL-METHODS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Survivors
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - R535
EP  - R540
JF  - Breast Cancer Research
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
N2  - Introduction Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is typically withheld from breast cancer survivors because of concerns about risk for recurrence. Our objectives were to estimate the effects of HT on recurrence in breast cancer survivors and to examine the reliability of these estimates. Methods In a systematic review of the literature we identified all reports of HT use in breast cancer survivors that included comparison groups. Study design features that might affect selection of participants, detection of recurrence, and manuscript publication were assessed. The relative risks for breast cancer recurrence associated with HT were combined with random effects models. Results Two randomized and eight observational studies included 1,316 breast cancer survivors who used HT and 2,839 nonusers. In the observational studies, HT users were younger and more commonly node negative; only two reported balanced restaging for HT and control groups. Randomized trials suggest that HT increased the risk for recurrence (relative risk 3.41, 95% confidence interval 1.59-7.33), whereas observational studies suggest that HT decreased this risk (relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.82). Conclusion Results from observational studies of HT conducted in breast cancer survivors are discrepant with results from randomized trials. Observational studies of HT use in breast cancer survivors have design limitations that cannot be controlled for using standard statistical methods. Therefore, the randomized clinical trial data provide the only reliable estimates of the effect of HT use on recurrence risks in breast cancer survivors
SN  - 1465-5411
AV  - Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Harvard Univ, Providence, RI USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Nursing, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Harbor UCLA Res & Educ Inst, Torrance, CA USA.
UR  - ISI:000229844400025
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1889
T1  - A critical appraisal of the reporting of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (II and III) of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury 1948
A1  - Coleman,W.P.
A1  - Benzel,E.
A1  - Cahill,D.W.
A1  - Ducker,T.
A1  - Geisler,F.
A1  - Green,B.
A1  - Gropper,M.R.
A1  - Goffin,J.
A1  - Madsen,P.W.
A1  - Maiman,D.J.
A1  - Ondra,S.L.
A1  - Rosner,M.
A1  - Sasso,R.C.
A1  - Trost,G.R.
A1  - Zeidman,S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Coleman, WP, WPCMath, 130 Mkt St, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA 48 52 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J SPINAL DISORDER JUN Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics 323RQ
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ARTIFACTS
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - CHANCE
KW  - choice
KW  - CHOICES
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Consensus
KW  - control
KW  - CORD
KW  - CORD INJURY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Approval
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Exposure
KW  - FOOD
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Market
KW  - media
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - methylprednisolone
KW  - NALOXONE
KW  - NASCIS-2
KW  - NATIONAL INSTITUTE
KW  - Neurology
KW  - New England
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - On
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - PART
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - person
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Placebo
KW  - Population
KW  - professional
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - recovery
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Secondary Analysis
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries
KW  - spinal cord injury
KW  - SPINAL-CORD
KW  - SPINAL-CORD-INJURY
KW  - STATISTICAL-METHODS
KW  - STEROID-THERAPY
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - US food and drug administration
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VALIDATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 185
EP  - 199
JF  - Journal of spinal disorders
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - From the beginning, the reporting of the results of National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (NASCIS) II and III has been incomplete, leaving clinicians in the spinal cord injury (SCI) community to use or avoid using methylprednisolone in acute SCI on the basis of faith rather than a publicly developed scientific consensus. NASCIS II was initially reported by National Institutes of Health announcements, National Institutes of Health facsimiles to emergency room physicians, and the news media. The subsequent report in the New England Journal of Medicine implied that there was a positive result in the primary efficacy analysis for the entire 487 patient sample. However, this analysis was in fact negative, and the positive result was found only in a secondary analysis of the subgroup of patients who received treatment within 8 hours. In addition, that subgroup apparently had only 62 patients taking methylprednisolone and 67 receiving placebo. The NASCIS II and III reports embody specific choices of statistical methods that have strongly shaped the reporting of results but have not been adequately challenged or or even explained. These studies show statistical artifacts that call their results into question. In NASCIS II, the placebo group treated before 8 hours did poorly, not only when compared with the methylprednisolone group treated before 8 hours but even when compared with the placebo group treated after 8 hours. Thus, the positive result may have been caused by a weakness in the control group rather than any strength of methylprednisolone. In NASCIS III, a randomization imbalance occurred that allocated a disproportionate number of patients with no motor deficit (and therefore no chance for recovery) to the lower dose control group. When this imbalance is controlled for, much of the superiority of the higher dose group seems to disappear. The NASCIS group's decision to admit persons with minor SCIs with minimal or no motor deficit not only enables statistical artifacts it complicates the interpretation of results from the population actually sampled. Perhaps one half of the NASCIS III sample may have had at most a minor deficit. Thus, we do not know whether the results of these studies reflect the severely injured population to which they have been applied. The numbers, tables, and figures in the published reports are scant and are inconsistently defined, making it impossible even for professional statisticians to duplicate the analyses, to guess the effect of changes in assumptions, or to supply the missing parts of the picture. Nonetheless, even 9 years after NASCIS II, the primary data have not been made public. The reporting of the NASCIS studies has fallen far short of the guidelines of the ICH/FDA and of the Evidence-based Medicine Group. Despite the lucrative "off label" markets for methylprednisolone in SCI, no Food and Drug Association indication has been obtained. There has been no public process of validation. These shortcomings have denied physicians the chance to use confidently a drug that many were enthusiastic about and has left them in an intolerably ambiguous position in their therapeutic choices, in their legal exposure, and in their ability to perform further research to help their patients
SN  - 0895-0385
AV  - WPCMath, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA.
UR  - ISI:000087579100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1890
T1  - Medical and surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusions - An evidence-based guideline 1864
A1  - Colicc,G.L.
A1  - Curtis,A.
A1  - Deslauriers,J.
A1  - Heffner,J.
A1  - Light,R.
A1  - Littenberg,B.
A1  - Sahn,S.
A1  - Weinstein,R.A.
A1  - Yusen,R.D.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Colicc, GL, Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm Serv, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA 41 49 AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS NORTHBROOK 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA CHEST OCT Discipline: Respiratory System 366MC
KW  - Administration
KW  - Adult
KW  - ADULT PATIENTS
KW  - AMERICAN-COLLEGE
KW  - ANATOMY
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BACTERIAL EMPYEMA
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL JUDGMENT
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - COHORT
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Consensus
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CT
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - DEBRIDEMENT
KW  - DECORTICATION
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRAINAGE
KW  - DRUG
KW  - EARLY THORACOTOMY
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - empyema
KW  - EMPYEMA-THORACIS
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - EXPERT PANEL
KW  - fibrinolytics
KW  - FLUID
KW  - health
KW  - HIGH-RISK
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - IMPAIRMENT
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - INTRAPLEURAL STREPTOKINASE
KW  - Judgment
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - LUNG
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MODERATE
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - parapneumonic effusion
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - PLEURAL EMPYEMA
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - postoperative
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - randomized
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - RESECTION
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Respiratory System
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - SERIES
KW  - space
KW  - SPREAD
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical management
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT
KW  - SURGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - systemic
KW  - thoracentesis
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TUBE
KW  - USA
KW  - VARIABLES
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1158
EP  - 1171
JF  - Chest.Vol.128(2)()(pp 507-517), 2005.
J1  - Chest
VL  - 118
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: A panel was convened by the Health and Science Policy Committee of the American College of Chest Physicians to develop a clinical practice guideline on the medical and surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusions (PPE) using evidence-based methods. Options and outcomes considered: Based on consensus of clinical opinion, the expert panel developed an annotated table for evaluating the risk for poor outcome in patients with PPE. Estimates of the risk for poor outcome were based on the clinical judgment that, without adequate drainage of the pleural space, the patient,vith PPE would be likely to have any or all of the following: prolonged hospitalization, prolonged evidence of systemic toxicity, increased morbidity from any drainage procedure, increased risk for residual ventilatory impairment, increased risk for local spread of the inflammatory reaction, and increased mortality. Three variables, pleural space anatomy, pleural fluid bacteriology, and pleural fluid chemistry, were used in this annotated table to categorize patients into four separate risk levels for poor outcome: categories 1 (very low risk), 2 (low risk), 3 (moderate risk), and (high risk). The panel's consensus opinion supported drainage for patients with moderate (category 3) or high (category 4) risk for a poor outcome, but not for patients with very low (category 1) or low (category 2) risk for a poor outcome. The medical literature was reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical and surgical management approaches for patients with PPE at moderate or high risk for poor outcome. The panel grouped PPE management approaches into six categories: no drainage performed, therapeutic thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, fibrinolytics, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and surgery (including thoracotomy with or without decortication and rib resection). The fibrinolytic approach required tube thoracostomy for administration of drug, and VATS included postprocedure tube thoracostomy. Surgery may have included concomitant lung resection and always included postoperative tube thoracostomy. All management approaches included appropriate treatment of the underlying pneumonia, including systemic antibiotics. Criteria for including articles in the panel review were adequate data provided for greater than or equal to 20 adult patients with PPE to allow evaluation of at least one relevant outcome (death or need for a second intervention to manage the PPE); reasonable assurance provided that drainage was clinically appropriate (patients receiving drainage were either category 3 or category 4) and drainage procedure was adequately described; and original data were presented. The strength of panel recommendations on management of PPE was based on the following approach: level A, randomized, controlled trials with consistent results or individual randomized, controlled trial with narrow confidence interval (CI); level B, controlled cohort and case control series; level C, historically controlled series and case series; and level D, expert ol,inion without explicit critical appraisal or based on physiology, bench research, or "first principles."
SN  - 0012-3692
AV  - Washington Hosp Ctr, Pulm Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Resp Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Hop Laval, Ctr Pneumol, Dept Thorac Surg, Laval, PQ, Canada. Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Rush Med Coll, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
UR  - ISI:000090008300045
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1891
T1  - Cubist style rendering from photographs 1132
A1  - Collomosse,J.P.
A1  - Hall,P.M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Collomosse, JP, Univ Bath, Dept Comp Sci, Claverton Down, Bath BA1 7AY, Avon, England 43 2 IEEE COMPUTER SOC LOS ALAMITOS 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA IEEE TRANS VISUAL COMPUT GR OCT-DEC Discipline: Computer Science, Software Engineering 734FZ
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Bath
KW  - composition
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Cubism
KW  - DEPENDENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - Engineering
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - form
KW  - images
KW  - interaction
KW  - interest
KW  - Into
KW  - method
KW  - Mouth
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - nonphotorealistic rendering
KW  - Paper
KW  - salient features
KW  - Science
KW  - Software
KW  - Technique
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VIEWS
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 443
EP  - 453
JF  - Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - The contribution of this paper is a novel nonphotorealistic rendering (NPR) technique, influenced by the style of Cubist art. Specifically, we are motivated by artists such as Picasso and Braque, who produced art work by composing elements of a scene taken from multiple points of view; paradoxically, such compositions convey a sense of motion without assuming temporal dependence between views. Our method accepts a set of two-dimensional images as input and produces a Cubist style painting with minimal user interaction. We use salient features identified within the image set, such as eyes, noses, and mouths, as compositional elements; we believe the use of such features to be a unique contribution to NPR. Before composing features into a final image, we geometrically distort them to produce the more angular forms common in Cubist art. Finally, we render the composition to give a painterly effect, using an automatic algorithm. This paper describes our method, illustrating the application of our algorithm with a gallery of images. We conclude with a critical appraisal and suggest the use of "high-level" features is of interest to NPR
SN  - 1077-2626
AV  - Univ Bath, Dept Comp Sci, Bath BA1 7AY, Avon, England.
UR  - ISI:000186045500002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1892
T1  - Recent advances in infant cognition: Implications for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation studies 1617
A1  - Colombo,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Colombo, J, Univ Kansas, Dept Human Dev, Schiefelbusch Inst Life Span Studies, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA 81 6 AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS CHAMPAIGN 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA LIPIDS SEP Discipline: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics 492RF
KW  - ACID
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology
KW  - brain
KW  - Cognition
KW  - cognitive
KW  - COGNITIVE FUNCTION
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
KW  - English
KW  - FED HUMAN-MILK
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Human
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Infant
KW  - Kansas
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Life
KW  - LIFE-SPAN
KW  - Lipid
KW  - lipids
KW  - Measurement
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - NEED
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - OIL
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid
KW  - PRETERM INFANTS
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCREENING-TEST
KW  - specificity
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Supplementation
KW  - TERM-INFANTS
KW  - USA
KW  - VISUAL-ACUITY DEVELOPMENT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 919
EP  - 926
JF  - Lipids
VL  - 36
IS  - 9
N2  - The assessment of cognitive function in early life has recently become an issue for consideration in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) supplementation studies. This article reviews the various means by which such assessment has been done in past LC-PUFA supplementation studies and provides some background on recent advances in the measurement of infant cognition that may need to be considered when planning or designing future supplementation studies. These include (i) consideration of the specificity of LC-PUFA effects on cognition, (ii) inclusion of multiple tasks or levels of measurement as outcome measures, and (iii) a stronger emphasis on developmental processes in the design of such studies
SN  - 0024-4201
AV  - Univ Kansas, Dept Human Dev, Schiefelbusch Inst Life Span Studies, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
UR  - ISI:000172180800007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1893
T1  - Maternal DHA and the development of attention in infancy and toddlerhood 925
A1  - Colombo,J.
A1  - Kannass,K.N.
A1  - Shaddy,D.J.
A1  - Kundurthi,S.
A1  - Maikranz,J.M.
A1  - Anderson,C.J.
A1  - Blaga,O.M.
A1  - Carlson,S.E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Colombo, J, Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, Fraser Hall,1415 Jayhawk Blvd,Room 426, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA colombo@ku.edu 67 15 BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS MALDEN 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA CHILD DEVELOP JUL-AUG Discipline: Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Developmental 843FQ
KW  - 1ST YEAR
KW  - ACID
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - CELL
KW  - Child
KW  - cognitive
KW  - Cognitive Development
KW  - COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Infancy
KW  - Infant
KW  - INFANTS
KW  - Kansas
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - On
KW  - PAIRED-COMPARISON PARADIGM
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS
KW  - PRETERM INFANTS
KW  - psychology
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - SUSTAINED VISUAL-ATTENTION
KW  - TERM-INFANTS
KW  - USA
KW  - YOUNG-CHILDREN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1254
EP  - 1267
JF  - Child Development
VL  - 75
IS  - 4
N2  - Infants were followed longitudinally to document the relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and the development of attention. Erythrocyte (red-blood cell; RBC) phospholipid DHA (percentage of total fatty acids) was measured from infants and mothers at delivery. Infants were assessed in infant-control habituation at 4, 6, and 8 months augmented with psychophysiological measures, and on free-play attention and distractibility paradigms at 12 and 18 months. Infants whose mothers had high DHA at birth showed an accelerated decline in looking over the 1st year and increases in examining during single-object exploration and less distractibility in the 2nd year. These findings are consistent with evidence suggesting a link between DHA and cognitive development in infancy
SN  - 0009-3920
AV  - Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Schiefelbusch Inst Lifespan Studies, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Med Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Clin Child Psychol Doctoral Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
UR  - ISI:000223064300018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1894
T1  - Changes in attitudes and perceptions about research in physical therapy among professional physical therapist students and new graduates 1736
A1  - Connolly,B.H.
A1  - Lupinnaci,N.S.
A1  - Bush,A.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Connolly, BH, Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, 822 Beale St, Memphis, TN 38363 USA 31 5 AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC ALEXANDRIA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA PHYS THER MAY Discipline: Orthopedics; Rehabilitation 428FK
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Administration
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Confidence
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Education
KW  - educational outcomes
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - EXPERT PANEL
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - New Graduates
KW  - On
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Patient
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - PHYSICAL-THERAPY
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional education
KW  - professional program
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Relative
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - research method
KW  - research methods
KW  - respect
KW  - Sample
KW  - SEQUENCE
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - survey
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1134
JF  - Physical Therapy
VL  - 81
IS  - 5
N2  - Background and Purpose. The physical therapy profession, through its published educational accreditation standards and its normative model of professional education, has addressed the importance of educating physical therapist students in the basic principles and application of research. The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal study of students relative to (1) their perception of knowledge with respect to research, (2) their perception of what source should be used (evidence-based practice or traditional protocols) for clinical decision making, and (3) their perception of what should be used in a clinical setting for patient management. Subjects. Thirty-six students during the final year of their professional program from a sample of 115 physical therapist students who requested 2 consecutive physical therapist classes completed the entire sequence of pretest and posttest survey administrations. Seventy-nine students did not complete the entire sequence. Methods. A 20-item 5-point Likert-type questionnaire was designed by the authors to probe the students' attitudes and perceptions about research, their level of comfort and confidence in reading and applying research findings published in the literature, and their personal habits regarding reading the professional literature. An expert panel consisting of internal and external reviewers was used for construction of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by the students immediately preceding their research methods course, immediately after the completion of that course, and following the second research course, which included statistics and development of a research proposal. The subjects also completed the questionnaire after 1 year of physical therapy practice. Friedman's analysis of variance was used as an omnibus test to detect differences across time. Tn addition, a follow-up analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank procedure to examine differences between baseline data and data obtained during each follow-up was done for all items to determine whether a difference occurred at a time other than at the final posttest sun ev administration. Results. The students showed differences on 5 of the 10 items on the questionnaire during the study. Discussion and Conclusion. These items related to reading peer-reviewed professional journals, critically reading professional literature, relevance and importance of evidence-based clinical practice, and level of comfort with knowledge in research
SN  - 0031-9023
AV  - Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Allied Hlth Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Memphis, TN 38363 USA. Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
UR  - ISI:000168450900005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1895
T1  - How to use a review article: Prophylactic endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices 2415
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Levy,M.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Cook, DJ, St Josephs Hosp, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada 64 4 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA CRIT CARE MED APR Discipline: Critical Care Medicine ZH472
KW  - ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Confidence
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - DIGESTIVE-TRACT
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - esophageal varices
KW  - ESOPHAGEAL-VARICES
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - extraction
KW  - gastrointestinal bleeding
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - health
KW  - health outcome
KW  - INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA
KW  - limitations
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - qualitative
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Research
KW  - RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Sclerotherapy
KW  - Searching
KW  - SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technique
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 692
EP  - 700
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: To assess the validity of a meta-analysis about sclerotherapy for the primary prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices, to interpret the results, and discuss whether they apply in practice. Data Sources: Critical appraisal techniques for systematic reviews. Data Extraction: Systematic reviews are distinct from narrative reviews in that they answer specific clinical questions, and have explicit and reproducible methods for searching, selecting, and appraising the primary studies, to create the most valid synthesis of the evidence. Data Synthesis: Meta-analyses are systematic reviews containing a critical appraisal and statistical summary of individual study results and their confidence limits, whereas qualitative systematic reviews provide a narrative executive summary of study results, Conclusions: High-quality systematic reviews are being used increasingly to guide practice, strengthening the link between research results and improved health outcomes. Understanding their strengths and limitations helps has to use them appropriately in practice
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Div Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Brown Univ, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000073113900016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1896
T1  - How to use practice guidelines in the intensive care unit: Diagnosis and management of unstable angina 2435
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Ellrodt,A.G.
A1  - Calvin,J.
A1  - Levy,M.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Cook, DJ, St Josephs Hosp, Dept Med, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada 52 3 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA CRIT CARE MED MAR Discipline: Critical Care Medicine ZA628
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - ANGINA
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - care paths
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical pathways
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - Death
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - heparin
KW  - Insight
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - mix
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - PATIENT OUTCOMES
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PRACTICE PARAMETERS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - understanding
KW  - UNIT
KW  - UNSTABLE ANGINA
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - utilization
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 599
EP  - 606
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective: Practice guidelines are often based on expert opinion, and are sometimes based on research evidence, but are usually a mix of both, The goal of this article is to aid in the evaluation of the validity of practice guidelines, Data Synthesis: The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guideline on Management of Unstable Angina and other relevant primary and synthetic research, Methods: Critical appraisal of guidelines requires understanding how guideline developers identified, appraised, and summarized the evidence, and how they chose the values reflected in their recommendations. To determine whether guidelines are applicable in our practice, we look for clear and concise recommendations about specific populations, describing common options linked to clinically important outcomes, Guidelines must be considered in light of local skills, culture, and resources, and need to be individualized to different patients and settings, Conclusions: As better evidence and new clinical insights emerge, guidelines require updating. The ultimate value of a guideline is determined by evaluating its effect on process of care, resource utilization, and most importantly, patient outcomes
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Rush Univ, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Med, Div Crit Care, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
UR  - ISI:000072384100034
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1897
T1  - The self in self-awareness 2155
A1  - Cook,S.H.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Cook, SH, Middlesex Univ, Sch Hlth Biol & Environm Sci, 10 Highgate Hill, London N19 5ND, England 42 4 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J ADV NURS JUN Discipline: Nursing 205XF
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DEPTH
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - History
KW  - identity
KW  - individualised care
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Strategies
KW  - LEARNING-STRATEGIES
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - LONG
KW  - meaning
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Paper
KW  - person
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - self
KW  - self-awareness
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1292
EP  - 1299
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
N2  - The concepts of 'self' and 'person' are central to educational and therapeutic endeavours. This paper examines the emergence of 'self-awareness' as an explicit concern in the education of preregistration nurses, In particular, it questions the claims that specific experiential learning strategies are the most appropriate for promoting self-awareness in students, and that these strategies produce greater understanding of theory in students and give greater depth of meaning to theory for students. It argues that the long and complex history associated with the concepts of self, self-awareness and 'person' makes the unproblematic stance adopted towards them in the nursing literature untenable, and calls for a more rigorous and critical appraisal of experiential learning strategies commonly used to promote self-awareness
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - Middlesex Univ, Sch Hlth Biol & Environm Sci, London N19 5ND, England.
UR  - ISI:000080845600023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1898
T1  - Randomized experiments in educational policy research: A critical examination of the reasons the educational evaluation community has offered for not doing them 1344
A1  - Cook,T.D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Cook, TD, Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA 93 15 AMER EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOC WASHINGTON 1230 17TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3078 USA EDUC EVAL POLICY ANAL FAL Discipline: Education & Educational Research 637JQ
KW  - adolescents
KW  - alternatives
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - children
KW  - CLASS SIZE
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational policy
KW  - educational research
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - experiments
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - implementation
KW  - intervention
KW  - justification
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH-PROGRAMS
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - NEED
KW  - Note
KW  - objections to experimentation
KW  - On
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Random Assignment
KW  - randomized
KW  - reason
KW  - reform
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
KW  - schools
KW  - Standard
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - TRAINING-PROGRAMS
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 199
JF  - Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
N2  - This article notes the paucity with which reform efforts in education have been evaluated experimentally, despite well-nigh universal acknowledgement that experiments provide the best justification for causal conclusions. And of the few experiments that have been completed, most were done by groups outside of the community of educational evaluators working in schools and colleges of education. The reasons educational evaluators cite for not doing experiments are critically appraised. Some are shown to be wrong or over-generalized; and others point to the need for future experiments that depend more heavily on program theory and the assessment of implementation and other intervening processes. The alternatives to experiments that educational evaluators prefer are briefly appraised and found wanting whenever a high standard is needed for justifying causal conclusions
SN  - 0162-3737
AV  - Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
UR  - ISI:000180508300002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1899
T1  - Evidence-based obstetrics and gynaecology - Checklist for the critical appraisal of medical papers 2624
A1  - Cooke,I.E.
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Article Cooke, IE, JOHN RADCLIFFE MATERN HOSP,HEADLEY WAY,HEADINGTON OX3 9DU,OXON,ENGLAND 0 1 BAILLIERE TINDALL LONDON 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX BAILLIERE CLIN OBSTET GYN DEC Discipline: Obstetrics & Gynecology WE382
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Checklist
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - gynaecology
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - London
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - Paper
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 731
EP  - 746
JF  - Baillieres Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SN  - 0950-3552
AV  - JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,NUFFIELD DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,NHS R&D CTR EVIDENCE BASED MED,HEADLINGTON OX3 9DY,OXON,ENGLAND.
UR  - ISI:A1996WE38200014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1900
T1  - Music and its effect on anxiety in short waiting periods: a critical appraisal 786
A1  - Cooke,M.
A1  - Chaboyer,W.
A1  - Hiratos,M.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Cooke, M, Griffith Univ, Sch Nursing, Res Ctr Clin Practice Innovat, Nathan Campus, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia m.cooke@griffith.edu.au 60 2 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN NURS FEB Discipline: Nursing 890LJ
KW  - And
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - cost-effective
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - day surgery
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - discomfort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - investigation
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - IV
KW  - limitations
KW  - method
KW  - methodological issues
KW  - methods
KW  - Music
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - practice
KW  - PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Randomization
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical procedure
KW  - Time
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - Validity
KW  - varieties
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 145
EP  - 155
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - Aims and objectives. This paper undertakes a critical appraisal of the methodological issues associated with studies that have investigated the extent to which music decreased the anxiety experienced by patients in short-term waiting periods such as day surgery. Background. Investigations and surgery undertaken on a day basis have significantly increased in number over the last decade. Music has been evaluated as an appropriate nursing intervention in relation to pain, discomfort and anxiety in a number of clinical settings but its usefulness for decreasing anxiety in short-term waiting periods such as day surgery is only beginning to be understood. Conclusion. A number of methodological limitations are identified by this critical review, particularly in relation to the design of research studies. Recommendations to strengthen research in this area are suggested and include (i) describing methods clearly and with detail to allow assessment of the validity and rigour of study results; (ii) using permuted block randomization; (iii) recruiting from a variety of surgical procedures and cultural groups; and (iv) standardizing the health care provided during waiting period. Relevance to clinical practice. Music as a simple and cost-effective intervention to reduce the anxiety experienced in limited time periods will have enormous impact on clinical practice where patients wait and undergo invasive investigations, procedures or surgery. However, the evidence of its utility in these unique environments is only beginning to emerge and this critical review provides a basis for considerations for future research
SN  - 0962-1067
AV  - Griffith Univ, Sch Nursing, Res Ctr Clin Practice Innovat, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. Princess Alexandra Hosp, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000226512400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1901
T1  - Critical appraisal in clinical practice: sometimes irrelevant, occasionally invalid 1623
A1  - Coomarasamy,A.
A1  - Latthe,P.
A1  - Papaioannou,S.
A1  - Publicover,M.
A1  - Gee,H.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Coomarasamy, A, Birmingham Womens Hosp, Educ Resource Ctr, Metchley Pk Rd, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England 17 1 ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD LONDON 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND J ROY SOC MED NOV Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 490MK
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - Checklist
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Competence
KW  - CONTACT
KW  - content
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - Information
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 573
EP  - 577
JF  - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
VL  - 94
IS  - 11
N2  - A core activity of evidence-based practice is the search for and appraisal of evidence on specific clinical issues. Clinicians vary in their competence in this process; we therefore developed a 16-item checklist for quality of content (relevance and validity) and presentation (useability, attribution, currency and contact details). This was applied to a set of 55 consecutive appraisals conducted by,clinicians and posted at a web-based medical journal club site. Questions were well formulated in 51/55 (92%) of the appraisals. However, 22% of appraisals missed the most relevant articles to answer the clinical question. Validity of articles was well appraised, with methodological information and data accurately extracted in 84% and accurate conversion to clinically meaningful summary statistics in 87%. The appraisals were presented in a useable way with appropriate and clear bottom-lines stated in 95%. The weakest link in production of good-quality critical appraisals was identification of relevant articles. This should be a focus for evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal skills
SN  - 0141-0768
AV  - Birmingham Womens Hosp, Educ Resource Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000172055500005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1902
T1  - Empowered self-management and the design of work teams 832
A1  - Cooney,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Cooney, R, Monash Univ, Dept Management, Caulfield, Australia richard.cooney@buseco.monash.edu.au 68 1 EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED BRADFORD 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND PERS REV Discipline: Psychology, Applied 871ZC
KW  - Accountability
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - BUREAUCRACY
KW  - Concepts
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Employee
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - JOB
KW  - job design
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Model
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Paper
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT
KW  - psychology
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Role
KW  - self regulation
KW  - SELF-MANAGEMENT
KW  - self-regulation
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TEAM
KW  - team working
KW  - Teams
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Work
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 677
EP  - 692
JF  - Personnel Review
VL  - 33
IS  - 5-6
N2  - This paper explores the theoretical implications of empowered self-management as a Accepted November 2003 teamwork design concept It explores the multiple definitions of empowerment and self-management that have been used in the design of work teams and it attempts to locate empowered self-management within the relevant traditions of work design. The paper provides a critical appraisal of empowered self-management as a team design concept arguing that its unique contribution to the work design literature, has been the development of concepts that focus upon task enlargement as the basis of enhanced role accountabilities within teams. Empowered self-management as a team design concept has little to say about employee or group autonomy but in fact reflects the design of teams to provide for the normative self-regulation of employees within management directed systems of control
SN  - 0048-3486
AV  - Monash Univ, Dept Management, Caulfield, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000225174200013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1903
T1  - Is it feasible to plan secondary care services for coronary heart disease rationally? A quantified modelling approach for a UK Health Authority 1702
A1  - Cornell,S.J.
A1  - Chilcott,J.B.
A1  - Brennan,A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Cornell, SJ, Doncaster Hlth Author, White Rose House,10 Pound Walk, Doncaster DN4 5DJ, England 24 2 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND J EPIDEMIOL COMMUNITY HEALTH JUL Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 445AY
KW  - 1152 HOSPITAL AUTOPSIES
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - ANGINA
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Authority
KW  - CABG
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Pathway
KW  - clinical pathways
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community health
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - coronary heart disease
KW  - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW  - Death
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Egg
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Exercise
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - HEART
KW  - heart disease
KW  - HEART-DISEASE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - implementation
KW  - INACCURACIES
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - journal
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - London
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - Mortality
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PATHWAY
KW  - PATHWAYS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - quality
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - UK
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 521
EP  - 527
JF  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
VL  - 55
IS  - 7
N2  - Background-Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the UK. This paper explores the difficulties facing health authorities in applying a rational and needs based approach to the planning of hospital based services and describes a simple model used to bring available information to bear on this problem. Method-Published estimates of CHD incidence were identified and methodologies were critically appraised. Estimates were extrapolated to a district population. A three month cohort study of patients with suspected CHD was undertaken within a district general hospital and a model of these clinical pathways was used to examine the volumes of patients and services required to meet the estimated levels of need. Results-From published studies, estimates of CHD incidence ranged from 83 to 3600 per 100000. From the cohort study, of patients referred with possible CHD 62% received a definitive diagnosis of CHD, 56% underwent an exercise EGG, 16% received an angiogram, 4% received a CABG and 2% a PTCA. Using these figures together with the cohort study, estimated activity ranges from 247 to 6475 surgical interventions per million population compared with the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease recommendations of 1500 procedures per million. Conclusions-Current research on CHD incidence gives a very wide variation in estimated need. This makes its value for service planning questionable and the model highlights a need for further high quality research. The model provides a link between epidemiological research and secondary care service planning and supports the implementation of recommendations within the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease
SN  - 0143-005X
AV  - Doncaster Hlth Author, Doncaster DN4 5DJ, England. Sch Hlth & Hlth Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000169436400017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1904
T1  - A systematic approach to medical decision-making of uncommon clinical pictures: A case of ulcerative skin lesions by palm tree thorn injury and a one-year follow-up 455
A1  - Corrao,S.
A1  - D'Alia,R.
A1  - Caputo,S.
A1  - Arnone,S.
A1  - Pardo,G.B.
A1  - Jefferson,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Corrao, S, ARNAS Civ & Benfratelli Hosp Trust, Unit Clin Methodol Epidemiol & Stat, Piazza Nicola Leotta 2, I-90127 Palermo, Italy s.corrao@tiscali.it 18 0 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ABINGDON 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND MED INFORM INTERNET MED SEP Discipline: Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics 001AP
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - CARE
KW  - Case Report
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Computer
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - Internet
KW  - Italy
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - medical decision-making
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - On
KW  - palm tree
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - reports
KW  - Rural Area
KW  - Rural Areas
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SIGNS
KW  - SKIN
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - SYNOVITIS
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Therapeutic Processes
KW  - thorn injury
KW  - Time
KW  - Trust
KW  - ulcerative skin lesions
KW  - uncommon clinical pictures
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Use
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 210
JA  - Medical Informatics and The Internet in Medicine
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
N2  - In clinical practice, the clinician is challenged with symptoms and/or signs at times apparently insoluble by diagnostic and/ or therapeutic means. We propose that in these cases, we have to use an EBM approach in which evidence may be looked up in every available clinical report and bibliographic databases are used for searching that evidence. We report on a case of ulcerative skin lesions apparently insoluble by expert dermatologists following a conventional diagnostic and therapeutic process. We use this case report for illustrating a systematic approach to resolve diagnostic and therapeutic questions using a bibliographic database search (like MEDLINE and EMBASE). Both a systematic approach to bibliographic databases and a critically appraised topic on case reports (or case series) are needed to `rehabilitate' low- level evidences (that is a case report or case series) to a higher level when we approach decision- making of uncommon clinical pictures. We demonstrate the possibility of using bibliographic databases to search and retrieve useful information for decision- making of uncommon clinical pictures. The method we have proposed can be applied in every area of the world, especially in rural areas. Finally, an Internet-shared database of uncommon clinical pictures with critically appraised topics could be useful in saving more time
SN  - 1463-9238
AV  - ARNAS Civ & Benfratelli Hosp Trust, Unit Clin Methodol Epidemiol & Stat, I-90127 Palermo, Italy. ARNAS Civ & Benfratelli Hosp Trust, Dermatol Unit, I-90127 Palermo, Italy. ARNAS Civ & Benfratelli Hosp Trust, Unit Plast Surg, I-90127 Palermo, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000234504900003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1905
T1  - Preventive care in the emergency department: A systematic literature review on emergency department-based interventions that address smoke detectors in the home 1663
A1  - Cortes,L.M.
A1  - Hargarten,S.W.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Cortes, LM, Med Coll Wisconsin, Injury Res Ctr, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA 22 1 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD EMERG MED SEP Discipline: Emergency Medicine 469XK
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACCIDENT
KW  - Accidents
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - burn
KW  - CARE
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - combined
KW  - Counseling
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Device
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - emergency department
KW  - Emergency Medical Services
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - fire safety
KW  - form
KW  - grading
KW  - Home
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Parent
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - PREVENTIVE CARE
KW  - preventive intervention
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - Scoring System
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SMOKE
KW  - smoke detectors
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - systematic literature review
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - TERM
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 925
EP  - 929
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
N2  - Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of an emergency department (ED)-based strategy to identify and counsel selected patients about the importance of an operational smoke detector in the home and to offer a graded recommendation regarding such a strategy. Methods: A systematic review was facilitated through the use of a structured template, a companion explanatory piece, and a grading and methodological scoring system based on published criteria for critical appraisal. Two Medline combined searches were performed using the following terms: emergency medical services and counseling, protective devices and smoke detectors, accidents, home, burns, fires, and residential fires. A free-text search of indexed and nonindexed citations in Emergency Medical Abstracts from 1977 to 1999 and a search of the Cochrane Library were also performed. In addition, reviewers performed independent Medline searches and suggested four additional studies. Studies selected for inclusion in this systematic review were required to meet the following criteria: 1) report ED-based research and 2) address the topic of fire and burn prevention with some pertinent discussion of ED-based interventions. The initial inclusion criteria had restricted studies to those that reported the results of counseling strategies for smoke detectors. The authors later decided to consider, as indirectly relevant, studies that did not investigate counseling strategies. Data from the selected studies were extracted using the template form, and the validity and applicability of the results to emergency practice were assessed. Recommendations were derived following criteria developed by a systematic review of preventive interventions in the ED. Results: Six articles were closely reviewed. Four of the six studies met the inclusion criteria. One other study that did not meet the inclusion criteria was also considered. No study focused specifically on the counseling of ED patients about smoke detectors. Conclusions: Following the criteria of the graded recommendations used for the parent project, a recommendation cannot be made either for or against an ED-based strategy to counsel patients on the importance of smoke detectors. No studies located in our review directly assessed the effectiveness of such a strategy. Based on the retrospective case series study of the potential opportunity for a home fire safety intervention during an emergency medical services visit and the Safe Block Project study, it may be worthwhile to consider further research on the effectiveness of systems-level/structural interventions, with a targeted focus on strategies that attempt to overcome barriers associated with active interventions
SN  - 1069-6563
AV  - Med Coll Wisconsin, Injury Res Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.
UR  - ISI:000170841200012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1906
T1  - Appraising qualitative research articles in medicine and medical education 752
A1  - Cote,L.
A1  - Turgeon,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Cote, L, Univ Laval, Fac Med, Off Med Educ, Dept Family Med, Vandry Bldg,Off 3358-A, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada luc.cote@fmed.ulaval.ca 27 1 CARFAX PUBLISHING-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH JAN Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 903NP
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Reading
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - XXIII
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 71
EP  - 75
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
N2  - Although qualitative research is gaining recognition in medicine and in medical education, most clinical teachers do not know how to perform a critical appraisal of articles in these fields. This article describes a grid for the critical appraisal of qualitative research articles so that clinical teachers are in a better position to evaluate this type of research and to teach the critical appraisal of it. The grid is comprised of 12 items with an explanation and suggestions for additional reading for each item
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Univ Laval, Fac Med, Off Med Educ, Dept Family Med, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000227433100010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1907
T1  - Quantum creation and inflationary universe: A critical appraisal 1817
A1  - Coule,D.H.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Coule, DH, Univ Portsmouth, Sch Math, Mercantile House,Hampshire Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England 87 6 AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC COLLEGE PK ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA PHYS REV D DEC 15 Discipline: Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields 386BH
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CLASSICAL RELATIVITY
KW  - College
KW  - COMPACTIFICATION
KW  - Contrast
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - FLATNESS
KW  - IF
KW  - LARGE-SCALE
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - PHASE
KW  - physical
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - problems
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - SCALAR FIELD
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scales
KW  - SIGNATURE
KW  - SINGULARITY
KW  - STATE
KW  - UNIVERSE
KW  - USA
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - VARYING LIGHT SPEED
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Physical Review D
VL  - 6212
IS  - 12
N2  - We contrast the possibility of inflation starting (a) from the universe's inception or (b from an earlier noninflationary state. Neither case is ideal since (a) assumes that quantum mechanical reasoning is straightforwardly applicable to the early universe, while case (b) requires that a singularity still be present. Further, in agreement with Vachaspati and Trodden case (b can only solve the horizon problem if the noninflationary phase has an equation of state gamma <4/3, thereby excluding radiation or massless scalar field dominated cases. Other alternative models, such as the smooth branch change in the pre-big-bang model, have related problems of requiring homogeneity over noncausally connected Large scales
SN  - 0556-2821
AV  - Univ Portsmouth, Sch Math, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England.
UR  - ISI:000166039900038
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1908
T1  - Three-dimensional conformal vs. intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancer patients: Comparative analysis of dosimetric and technical parameters 1083
A1  - Cozzi,L.
A1  - Fogliata,A.
A1  - Bolsi,A.
A1  - Nicolini,G.
A1  - Bernier,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Cozzi, L, Oncol Inst So Switzerland, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Phys Unit, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland lucozzi@iosi.ch 17 12 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA INT J RADIAT ONCOL BIOL PHYS FEB 1 Discipline: Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 767QZ
KW  - 3D conformal therapy
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - cancers
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - Comparative Analysis
KW  - comparative treatment planning
KW  - COMPENSATION
KW  - conformal therapy
KW  - CORD
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - Dose Calculation
KW  - English
KW  - feasibility
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - head and neck
KW  - head and neck cancer
KW  - Imaging
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - intensity-modulated photon therapy
KW  - INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - Into
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTILEAF COLLIMATORS
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - optimization
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - PAROTID-GLAND
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PENCIL BEAM ALGORITHM
KW  - PHOTON BEAMS
KW  - physical
KW  - quality
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - QUALITY-ASSURANCE
KW  - QUANTITY
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - Science
KW  - sliding window
KW  - SPINAL-CORD
KW  - step and shoot
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TARGET
KW  - Technique
KW  - TERM
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Planning
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 617
EP  - 624
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
N2  - Background and Purpose: The use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is now widely advocated for the treatment of head-and-neck cancers, to increase the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy used as sole modality of treatment or in combination with chemotherapy. This report aims to summarize the technical and dosimetric factors to be taken into consideration to assess the respective advantages of the various high conformality treatments in radiotherapy, especially in the framework of quality assurance procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six head-and-neck cancer patients were irradiated following a feasibility internal protocol with IMRT. Treatments were performed with either the static step-and-shoot (20) or the dynamic sliding window (6) techniques on a 6 MV Varian Clinac equipped with a multileaf collimator with 80 leaves. Dose plans were computed using commercial treatment planning systems: MDS-Nordion Helax-TMS for static cases and Varian Eclipse for dynamic cases. Dose plans were evaluated in terms of physical quantities based on dose-volume histograms and isodose distributions. Each IMRT plan was also compared to a reference 3D conformal therapy plan (3DCRT). Results: Elective target volumes ranged from 530 to 1151 cm(3) with a mean of 780 +/- 141 cm(3). Boost volumes ranged from 248 to 832 cm (3) with a mean of 537 +/- 165 cm(.3) Thirty-two dose plans were generated with static technique and 10 with dynamic. In the static mode, 6.8 +/- 3.4 fields were applied on average with 12.5 +/- 1.3 segments per field. In the static mode, 264 +/- 56 MU per Gy were erogated, whereas in the dynamic mode, 387 +/- 126 MU per Gy were erogated, to be compared to 147 +/- 20 computed for reference 3DCRT plans. For all target volumes in general, conformity was improved compared to 3DCRT (e.g. V,, increased from 85% to 93% with p < 0.001, or equivalent uniform dose normalized to prescribed dose increased from 0.86 to 0.96 with p = 0.002). Irradiation of parotid glands or spinal cord improved, as well: For parotids, D-2/3v reduced from 59 Gy to 41 Gy (p < 0.001). For spinal cord, D-max reduced from about 40 Gy to about 30 Gy (P < 0.001). (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc
SN  - 0360-3016
AV  - Oncol Inst So Switzerland, Med Phys Unit, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Oncol Inst So Switzerland, Dept Radiat Oncol, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Univ Milan, Med Phys Sch, I-20122 Milan, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000188465300039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1909
T1  - Pharmaceutical care programmes for the elderly - Economic issues 1266
A1  - Crealey,G.E.
A1  - Sturgess,I.K.
A1  - McElnay,J.C.
A1  - Hughes,C.M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Crealey, GE, Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Pharm, Clin & Practise Res Grp, Ctr Med Biol, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland 77 0 ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD AUCKLAND 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND PHARMACOECONOMICS Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 679GM
KW  - ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - CARE
KW  - COMMUNITY PHARMACY
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Collection Methods
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Therapy
KW  - drug-related problems
KW  - DRUG-THERAPY
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS
KW  - ECONOMIC-EVALUATION
KW  - elderly
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY
KW  - healthcare
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION
KW  - inclusion
KW  - international
KW  - Ireland
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - MEDICATION-RELATED PROBLEMS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - NONCOMPLIANCE
KW  - NORTH
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - Pharmaceutical Care
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - PHARMACIST INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Population
KW  - prescribing
KW  - problems
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - SCALING ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - SF-36 HEALTH SURVEY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 457
EP  - 467
JF  - Pharmacoeconomics.Vol.23(6)()(pp 595-606), 2005.
J1  - Pharmacoeconomics
VL  - 21
IS  - 7
N2  - Pharmaceutical care is defined as the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life. It describes the process through which a pharmacist collaborates with a patient and with healthcare professionals in designing, implementing and monitoring a therapeutic plan that will produce specific, desirable therapeutic outcomes for the patient. The elderly are a patient population who could particularly benefit from pharmaceutical care provision as they are at greater risk of experiencing significant drug-related problems such as inappropriate prescribing, noncompliance with prescribed medication and adverse drug reactions/interactions leading to a decrease in health-related quality of life. The extent of economic benefit of pharmaceutical care reported in the literature is variable and its generalisability is suspect due to the lack of trials which have utilised a robust research design. The few studies which have undertaken a rigourous economic evaluation have used a range of data collection methods that is reflective of the difficulty of capturing essential data. Furthermore, even in well-designed studies, the generalisability of economic evaluations to other countries is questionable because of unique national data collection systems and an inability to pool international data because of disparities between different healthcare systems. The use of a suitable measure for health-related quality of life is also problematic in a very diverse and heterogeneous population such as the elderly and, therefore, adds to the difficulties of inclusion of such measures in economic analyses of pharmaceutical care programmes. A more standardised approach to data collection is required to facilitate economic analyses as an essential element in the evaluation of any pharmaceutical care programme for the elderly. Suggestions on such approaches, together with a critical appraisal of studies performed to date, are the focus of this review
SN  - 1170-7690
AV  - Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Pharm, Clin & Practise Res Grp, Ctr Med Biol, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland.
UR  - ISI:000182912400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1910
T1  - Optimal intron analyses in the Trimeresurus radiation of Asian pitvipers 427
A1  - Creer,S.
A1  - Pook,C.E.
A1  - Malhotra,A.
A1  - Thorpe,R.S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Creer, S, Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales s.creer@bangor.ac.uk 88 0 TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PHILADELPHIA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SYST BIOL FEB Discipline: Evolutionary Biology 016LW
KW  - alignment
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asian
KW  - Biology
KW  - Character
KW  - characters
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - DNA
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evolution
KW  - GAP
KW  - Gene
KW  - genes
KW  - indels
KW  - Into
KW  - intron analysis
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - length-variant heterozygotes
KW  - LOCATION
KW  - markers
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES
KW  - MOLECULAR CLOCK
KW  - MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
KW  - NUCLEAR INTRON
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - recovery
KW  - SPIDERS ARANEAE
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - systematics
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT STRATEGIES
KW  - treatment strategy
KW  - Trimeresurus
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 72
JF  - Systematic Biology
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
N2  - Nuclear introns are commonly used as phylogenetic markers, but a number of issues related to alignment strategies, indel treatments, and the incorporation of length-variant heterozygotes (LVHs) are not routinely addressed when generating phylogenetic hypotheses. Topological congruence in relation to an extensive mitochondrial DNA multigene phylogeny (derived from 2423 bp of 12S, 16S, ND4, and CYTB genes) of the Asian pitviper Trimeresurus radiation was used to compare combinations of "by eye" and edited and unedited ClustalX 1.8 alignments of two nuclear introns. Indels were treated as missing data, fifth character states, and assigned simple and multistate codes. Upon recovery of the optimal alignment and indel treatment strategy, a total evidence approach was used to investigate the phylogenetic utility of the indels and test new generic arrangements within Trimeresurus. Approximately one third of the intron data partitions exhibited LVHs, suggesting that they are common in introns. Furthermore, a simple concatenation approach can facilitate the incorporation of LVHs into phylogenetic analyses to make use of all available data and investigate mechanisms of molecular evolution. Analyses of ClustalX 1.8-assisted alignments were generally more congruent than the "by eye" alignment and the analysis of a simple coded, edited ClustalX 1.8 (gap opening cost 5, gap extension cost 1) alignment revealed the most congruent tree. The total evidence approach supported the new arrangements within Trimeresurus, suggesting that the phylogeny should be considered as a working benchmark in Asian pitviper systematics. Finally, a critical appraisal of the diverse array of indels (56 to 57 per intron, ranging from 1 to 151 bp in length) suggested that they are a combination of Hennigian and homoplasious events unrelated to indel size or location within the intron
SN  - 1063-5157
AV  - Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
UR  - ISI:000235622700005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1911
T1  - Training the health information seeker: Quality issues in health information web sites 773
A1  - Crespo,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Crespo, J, Natl Network Lib Med New England Reg, 222 Maple Ave, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA 15 2 GSLIS PUBLICATIONS CHAMPAIGN 501 E DANIEL ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-6211 USA LIBR TRENDS FAL Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 893IG
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - AIDS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Consumer Health Information
KW  - CONSUMERS
KW  - context
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Intermediaries
KW  - Internet
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - New England
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - On
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - trends
KW  - USA
KW  - users
KW  - Web
KW  - Web sites
KW  - WORLD-WIDE-WEB
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 360
EP  - 374
JA  - Library Trends
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
N2  - This article explores evaluation issues in online consumer health information within the context of librarians as educators and intermediaries. Literature on Internet and health information seekers reveals that health information returned by search engines is generally accepted without critical appraisal. Reported and observational studies of users show a disconnect between what users say they know and their actions in finding and assessing the appropriateness of health information. A growing body of literature assessing the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and attribution reporting of health information finds these areas lacking and contributing to the poor assessment of quality. Several quality initiatives representative of available criteria sets, accreditation bodies, and teaching aids are discussed. A rationale for providing some type of evaluative or critical appraisal component is offered
SN  - 0024-2594
AV  - Natl Network Lib Med New England Reg, Shrewsbury, MA 01545 USA.
UR  - ISI:000226711900008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1912
T1  - A Web-based compendium of clinical questions and medical evidence to educate internal medicine residents 1322
A1  - Crowley,S.D.
A1  - Owens,T.A.
A1  - Schardt,C.M.
A1  - Wardell,S.I.
A1  - Peterson,J.
A1  - Garrison,S.
A1  - Keitz,S.A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Crowley, SD, Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Box 3014, Durham, NC 27710 USA 12 11 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD MED MAR Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 653YW
KW  - Administration
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - database
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Into
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - NORTH
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - reports
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - rotation
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - utilization
KW  - VETERANS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270
EP  - 274
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 3
N2  - The authors designed an electronic database of clinical questions (CQs) and medical evidence and implemented it in 2001-02 at Duke University Medical Center and the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. This Web-based data collection system is called the Critical Appraisal Resource (CAR) and is still in operation. This report is of ten months of the system's operation. During their medicine ward rotations, residents entered CQs into the CAR; they also entered Medline reference links and validated article summaries. Residents' utilization of the CAR database, Medline, and other electronic resources was prospectively measured. In addition, residents were prospectively surveyed regarding the impact of each question and associated reference on medical decision making for individual patients. Over ten months, residents entered 625 patient-based CQs into the CAR and were able to obtain useful information from the medical literature on 82% of the CQs they searched. The two most prevalent CQ types were therapy and diagnosis questions (53% and 22%). Sixty percent of the therapy articles considered useful were reports of randomized controlled trials. Residents obtained 77% of their useful data from Medline. They reported that obtaining useful data altered patient management 47% of the time. Residents used the CAR as a resource, searching the database for information 1,035 times over the study period. In summary, the use of an evidence-based critical appraisal resource led residents to engage the medical literature on behalf of their patients and influenced approximately half of their patient-care decisions. Residents benefited from questions previously searched by other residents, allowing them to address a wider spectrum of CQs during ward rotations
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. DUMC Lib, Durham, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Med Ctr Lib, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
UR  - ISI:000181465500005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1913
T1  - Drug interactions among commonly used medications - Chart simplifies data from critical literature review 2486
A1  - Crowther,N.R.
A1  - Holbrook,A.M.
A1  - Kenwright,R.
A1  - Kenwright,M.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Crowther, NR, ST JOSEPHS HOSP,CTR EVALUAT MED,MARTHA WING H312,50 CHARLTON AVE E,HAMILTON,ON L8N 4A6,CANADA 19 4 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA ON L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS NOV Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YG538
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Interactions
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - In Vitro Study
KW  - IN-VITRO
KW  - Information
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - MEDICATIONS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - quality
KW  - quality of evidence
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Textbooks
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1972
EP  - &
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 43
N2  - OBJECTIVE To simplify risk assessment, we have developed a way to present critically appraised drug interaction information through a chart. DATA SOURCES Fifty drugs most frequently prescribed by Canadian family physicians and 16 drugs and substances that frequently interact with these drugs were the basis for a literature review. Drug interaction textbooks and MEDLINE (from 1966 to 1994) were searched for documented interactions. Reports of additive effects and animal or in vitro studies were excluded. STUDY SELECTION All reports of interactions were evaluated for clinical effect, clinical significance, and quality of evidence. SYNTHESIS Of the 464 drug-drug or drug-substance pairs evaluated, 387 (83.4%) demonstrated an interaction, 59 (12.7%) documented no effect, and 18 (3.9%) pairs had conflicting evidence. Five percent of interactions were of major clinical significance; only 1.3% were of major clinical significance and supported by good-quality evidence. By using symbols, colours, and legends in a ''grid-map'' format, a large amount of drug interaction information was reduced to a single-page chart suitable for a desk reference or wall mounting. CONCLUSIONS Our chart organizes a large amount of drug interaction information in a format that allows for rapid appreciation of outcome, clinical significance, and quality of evidence
SN  - 0008-350X
UR  - ISI:A1997YG53800018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1914
T1  - Prevention of preterm birth in multiple pregnancy 2332
A1  - Crowther,C.A.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Crowther, CA, Univ Adelaide, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 48 6 BAILLIERE TINDALL LONDON 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX BAILLIERE CLIN OBSTET GYN MAR Discipline: Obstetrics & Gynecology 118WX
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Bed
KW  - Bed Rest
KW  - beta-mimetics
KW  - cerclage
KW  - cervical cerclage
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DURATION
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - FETAL GROWTH
KW  - GESTATION
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - Home
KW  - home uterine activity monitoring
KW  - Hospital Admission
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - hospitalization for bed rest
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Infant
KW  - INFANTS
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Labor
KW  - London
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Multiple Pregnancy
KW  - NEONATAL MORBIDITY
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - prenatal corticosteroids
KW  - preterm birth
KW  - Prevention
KW  - prolong pregnancy
KW  - randomized
KW  - randomized clinical trial
KW  - randomized clinical trials
KW  - Rest
KW  - Review
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Tocolysis
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TRIPLET
KW  - TWIN PREGNANCY
KW  - uterine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 67
EP  - 75
JF  - Baillieres Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
N2  - Preterm birth is the greatest threat to the infants in a multiple pregnancy. This chapter focuses on strategies that aim to prevent preterm birth and concentrates on the evidence derived from randomized clinical trials and systematic review of randomized clinical trials. The options to avoid a multiple pregnancy are briefly considered. Interventions that aim to prolong pregnancy, including prophylactic cervical cerclage, prophylactic tocolysis, home uterine activity monitoring and hospitalization for bed rest, are critically appraised, as are interventions that aim to improve the outcome of preterm birth. Interventions that require additional evaluation are highlighted
SN  - 0950-3552
AV  - Univ Adelaide, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000075864900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1915
T1  - In search of evidence: family practitioners' use of the Internet for clinical information 1414
A1  - Cullen,R.J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Cullen, RJ, Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Informat Management, POB 600, Wellington, New Zealand 25 18 MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC CHICAGO 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA J MED LIBR ASSOC OCT Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 604LE
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Age
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - College
KW  - Consultation
KW  - CONSULTATIONS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - DEPTH
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - EVIDENCE DATABASES
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Gender
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Internet
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - LOCATION
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medline
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - method
KW  - NEED
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Random Sample
KW  - Rare Disease
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Structured Interview
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TEXT
KW  - Training
KW  - understanding
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - Victoria
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 370
EP  - 379
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 90
IS  - 4
N2  - Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the extent Of use Of the Internet for clinical information among family practitioners in New Zealand, their skills in accessing and evaluating this information, and the ways they dealt with patient use of information from the Internet. Method: A random sample of members of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners was surveyed to determine their use of the Internet as an information source and their access to MEDLINE. They were asked how they evaluated and applied the retrieved information and what they knew about their patients' use of the Internet. Structured interviews with twelve participants focused in more depth on issues such as the physicians' skills in using MEDLINE and in evaluating retrieved material, their searches for evidence-based information, their understanding of critical appraisal, their patients' use of the Internet, and the ways they handle this use. Results: More than 80% (294/363) of members in the sample completed and returned the questionnaire. Of these, 48.6% reported that them,, used the Internet to look for clinical information. Gender and age were more significant in determining use than practice type or location. Information was primarily sought on rare diseases, updates on common diseases, diagnosis, and information for patients. MEDLINE was the most frequently accessed source. Search skills were basic, and abstracts were commonly used if the full text of an item was not readily available. Most reported that up to 10% of patients bring information from the Internet to consultations. Both Internet users and non-Internet users encouraged patients to search the Web. Internet users were more likely to recommend specific sites. Conclusions: Practitioners urgently need training in searching and evaluating information on the Internet and in identifying and applying evidence-based information. Portals to provide access to high-quality, evidence-based clinical and patient information are needed along with access to the full text of relevant items
SN  - 1536-5050
AV  - Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Informat Management, Wellington, New Zealand.
UR  - ISI:000178621600002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1916
T1  - Use or the CRABEL score for improving surgical case-note quality 521
A1  - Ho,M.Y.
A1  - Anderson,A.R.
A1  - Nijjar,A.
A1  - Thomas,C.
A1  - Goenka,A.
A1  - Hossain,J.
A1  - Curley,P.J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Curley, PJ, Pinderfields Gen Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Mid Yorkshire Hosp NHS Trust, Aberford Rd, Wakefield WF1 4DG, England Paul.Curley@midyorks.nhs.uk 8 0 ROYAL COLL SURGEONS ENGLAND LONDON 35-43 LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, LONDON WC2A 3PN, ENGLAND ANN ROY COLL SURG ENGL NOV Discipline: Surgery 982ZC
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Audit
KW  - consent
KW  - CRABEL score
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Documentation
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Impact
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - LEAD
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Note
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - Performance
KW  - play
KW  - quality
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - QUALITY-ASSURANCE
KW  - RECORD
KW  - Reduction
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Staff
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Trust
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 454
EP  - 457
JF  - Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.Vol.88(5)()(pp 442-444), 2006.
J1  - Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
VL  - 87
IS  - 6
N2  - INTRODUCTION Quality assurances of medical record keeping in general surgery is facilitated by use of the CRABEL Score. Critical appraisal and constant feedback to staff plays an important part in improving case-note quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each case-note audit, a house officer reviewed two sets of case notes for each of six consultant surgeons. Scores were awarded according to initial clerking, subsequent entries, consent, and discharge summary. Overall scores were derived by subtracting deductions for omissions in each category from a starting score of 100. A larger number of points were derived by subtracting deductions due to absent data leads to a lower overall score and indicates poorer quality case notes. After four audits, a clerking proforma specifically designed to address some of the common areas of weakness identified in our record keeping was introduced and a further audit was performed in March 2004 to assess its impact. RESULTS The mean score was lowest in the September 2001 audit and improved over the next audits. However, there was a small reduction in September 2003 compared to September 2002. When the individual sections of the score were looked at separately, the greatest contribution to a poor score comes from the 'subsequent entries' section since there are five entries scored individually leading to a cumulative effect on the overall score. Within both the 'initial clerking' and 'subsequent entries' sections, early audits showed poor performance across a range of areas but consistent poor implementation of the guideline was seen in a small number of specific areas as record keeping improved. The quality of medical notes improved over the first three cycles but the improvement was not maintained subsequently. DISCUSSION The CRABEL score has been shown to be a useful, reproducible and easy-to-perform objective assessment of the quality of medical record keeping. Repeated audit cycles but the improvement was not mantained subsequently. DISCUSSION The CRABEL score has been shown to be a useful, reproducible and easy-to-perform objective assessment of the quality of medical record keeping. Repeated audit cycles have ensured that case-note quality remains a high priority and have also led to the development of standardised admission documentation. Introduction of the latter has led to a measureable improvement in medical record keeping
SN  - 0035-8843
AV  - Pinderfields Gen Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Mid Yorkshire Hosp NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, England.
UR  - ISI:000233199900015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1917
T1  - Critical appraisal: Flexible asthma therapy 484
A1  - D'Urzo,A.D.
A1  - Solanki,V.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article D'Urzo, AD, Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada 8 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 996PP
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - BUDESONIDE
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - FORMOTEROL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - SALMETEROL
KW  - SELF-MANAGEMENT
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1633
EP  - +
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 51
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000234186800011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1918
T1  - Critical appraisal - The GOAL study 434
A1  - D'Urzo,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article D'Urzo, A, Univ Toronto, Primary Care Lung Clin, Toronto, ON, Canada 6 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 016AV
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - BUDESONIDE
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - FORMOTEROL
KW  - LUNG
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 187
EP  - 189
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 52
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - Univ Toronto, Primary Care Lung Clin, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000235593800008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1919
T1  - Self and tutor evaluations in problem-based learning tutorials: is there a relationship? 2349
A1  - Das,M.
A1  - Mpofu,D.
A1  - Dunn,E.
A1  - Lanphear,J.H.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Das, M, UAE Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, POB 17668, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates 17 15 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND MED EDUC JUL Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 108HP
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Competence
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENTIATION
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - education,measurement
KW  - Education,Medical,Undergraduate
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Female
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methods,problem-based learning
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - PART
KW  - Peer Evaluation
KW  - Performance
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - reports
KW  - Role
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - self
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - Self Evaluation
KW  - Self-Evaluation Programs
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - TOOL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 411
EP  - 418
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - It is now recognized that acquiring specific skills in self-evaluation helps students in a more general appraisal of their overall performance; Self- and peer-evaluation skills are essential prerequisites for the success of every doctor in maintaining professional competence. In the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS) of the United Arab Emirates, problem-based learning (PBL) is instituted in the first year. Self-evaluation by students and tutor rating of students' performances are an integral part of the PBL tutorials. This has provided the opportunity to conduct a systematic study of the role of self-evaluation by students as distinct from the tutor evaluation of students in the PBL tutorials for five themes. The study sample included all preparatory year (first-year) students who joined the FMHS in 1994 and 1995. A total number of 64 students participated, of whom 17 (26%) were male and 47 (74%) female. Mean self-evaluation scores were high throughout the module and did not follow any trend from theme one to theme five. While self and tutor scores were similar, male student self-evaluation scores were higher than for female students on overall scores. The sharing of assessment reports between students and tutors has been perceived to be a useful tool for the students' development of the skills of analysis, differentiation and critical appraisal
SN  - 0308-0110
AV  - UAE Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.
UR  - ISI:000075260500015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1920
T1  - Evaluating evidence-based medicine skills during a performance-based examination 1053
A1  - Davidson,R.A.
A1  - Duerson,M.
A1  - Romrell,L.
A1  - Pauly,R.
A1  - Watson,R.T.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Davidson, RA, Univ Florida, Off Generalist Educ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Box 100291, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA davidra@medicine.ufl.edu 9 7 ASSOC AMER MEDICAL COLLEGES WASHINGTON 2450 N ST N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1126 USA ACAD MED MAR Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 801BO
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - Checklist
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL LIBRARIAN
KW  - College
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Florida
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - question
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - TERM
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 272
EP  - 275
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 79
IS  - 3
N2  - Purpose. To measure students' competencies in evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills [clinical decision making using evidence from published literature (content) and in transmitting clinical information to patients (communication)] within the context of a performance-based examination (PBE). Method. In 2002-03, under the direction of a Performance-Based Examination Oversight Committee, 16 EBM queries were developed for a pair of third-year PBEs. At the last station of the PBE, the standardized patient (SP) for that station asked a clinical EBM question relating to their "disease process." Students were asked to develop an appropriate clinical question, perform a Medline search for appropriate articles, critically appraise a complete selected article, reach a conclusion to their question, and transmit the information to the SP. Each student's clinical question, search terms, selected articles, and rationale were evaluated by faculty question-writers, clinical librarians, and the EBM course director using a five-point Likert scale, with 1 being inadequate performance and 5 being superior performance. The SP evaluated the communication skills using a checklist. Results. Students' performances were very good, with means of 3.7 to 4.0 in each area. Agreement between the course director and station developers was good. Seventy-five percent of the students performed adequate Medline searches. Students averaged over 93% on the performance of four communication skills. Conclusion. The evaluation of EBM skills can be carried out during a performance-based examination. Results can assist in developing students' skills and directing curricular efforts
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Univ Florida, Off Generalist Educ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Harell Assessment Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anat, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
UR  - ISI:000220071600013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1921
T1  - Introducing critical appraisal 1939
A1  - Davies,H.T.O.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Davies, HTO, Univ St Andrews, Dept Management, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland 12 3 MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING LTD LONDON CROXTED MEWS, 286A-288 CROXTED ROAD, LONDON SE24 9BY, ENGLAND HOSP MED JUN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 328EM
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - CHANCE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - RESEARCH DESIGNS
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TREATMENT TRIALS
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 432
EP  - 433
JF  - Hospital Medicine
VL  - 61
IS  - 6
N2  - All health-care professionals are being encouraged to use research evidence more in developing their clinical practice. To do this they need to inculcate the skills of 'critical appraisal'. Such skills involve assessing the appropriateness of research designs for answering clinical questions, critiquing the quality of the data gathering in individual studies, and assessing the implications of research findings
SN  - 1462-3935
AV  - Univ St Andrews, Dept Management, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000087836000016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1922
T1  - Beyond 'faith-based medicine' and EBM 275
A1  - De Simone,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article De Simone, J, Via Carlo Marx 28, I-92019 Sciacca, AG, Italy j.de_simone@tin.it 36 3 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT AUG Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 066VH
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - CARE
KW  - conflict
KW  - Conflict Resolution
KW  - Consensus
KW  - conservative
KW  - context
KW  - Contrast
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - dilemmas
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - EBM
KW  - effort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evaluation criteria
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - General Practice
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HEALTH-CARE DEBATE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - implementation
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Insight
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Italy
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - MATTER
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - organisational learning
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - PITFALLS
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - PRACTICE PATTERNS
KW  - practitioners
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - problems
KW  - progress
KW  - Publishing
KW  - REAL-WORLD
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - Solutions
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - study designs
KW  - Success
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - understanding
KW  - varieties
KW  - Vision
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 438
EP  - 444
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Rationale, aims and objectives Longstanding debate on evidence-based medicine (EBM) may have reached a critical saturation point. I briefly report on systematic reviews on the recurring themes in the critical literature. In this context, some criticisms to EBM are substantial and enduring, although convincing arguments to contrast unresolved issues have yet to be produced. Nonetheless, few changes have been adopted and conservative attitudes persist in EBM. Despite its 'success', implementation in practice has been inexorably overshadowed leading to paradoxical shortcomings. This controversial scenario offers a formidable occasion to gain needed insight. The aim of this paper is to attempt a comprehensive analysis by reframing a number of key concerns, while furnishing pragmatic, interdisciplinary solutions for these deep-rooted dilemmas. In the interests of all stakeholders, I seek to promote a concerted effort to resolve conflict and build consensus. Methods This paper explores a strategically unifying vision of primary care, based on current understanding of practice patterns, having a research-friendly 'common ground' where practitioners' information needs may be met. In addition, an analysis of existing problems identifies underlying 'root causes'. Moreover, I expediently reframe crucial matters by focusing on EBM, more than as a paradigm, as an organisation, hence amenable to a variety of cross-disciplinary analyses and solutions. Finally, recent state-of-the-art reviews on implementation and dissemination research are cited for the pertinent implications for study design and practice. Results Present policies and influential testimonials on behalf of EBM encounter the pitfalls of hindering learning and progress through defensive attitudes and mechanisms. Current study designs and evaluation criteria must strive to adapt to real-world settings, rather than vice versa. Conclusions The arguments exposed herein alter the terms of the debate on EBM and may outline a basis for initiatives with conflict-resolution and consensus-building scopes
SN  - 1356-1294
UR  - ISI:000239257800009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1923
T1  - Reductionist inference-based medicine, i.e. EBM 276
A1  - De Simone,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article De Simone, J, Via Carlo Marx 28, I-92019 Sciacca, AG, Italy j.de_simone@tin.it 23 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT AUG Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 066VH
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - attitudes
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communication
KW  - complexity
KW  - complexity science
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Criticism
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - EBM
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HEALTH-CARE DEBATE
KW  - ideas
KW  - Insight
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - interdisciplinary approach
KW  - Into
KW  - Italy
KW  - medical culture
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - Postmodernism
KW  - practitioners
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - reductionism
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - systems thinking
KW  - Thinking
KW  - trends
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 445
EP  - 449
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - Rationale, aims and objectives Unbeknown to many, reductionist and postmodern worldviews competitively coexist in science and society. The debate on evidence-based medicine (EBM) is at the tip of this 'iceberg'. Via systems thinking and complexity science EBM reveals crucial flaws and its reductionism entails an inability to appreciate (even tolerate) contrasting ideas and/or 'see a bigger picture'. An interdisciplinary approach provides insight into novel explanations. Thereafter, the conceptual barrier shifts to communication, a challenge which mandates attempts to steer the discourse by reframing the debate. Method Interdisciplinary perspectives serve to illustrate a 'bigger picture'. Also, 'wicked' questions stimulate reflection, discern leverage points and dismantle resilient defences. Lastly, a proposal: exploring the value of 'glasses half full'. Conclusion Some may realize that postmodern concepts behind compelling criticisms to EBM have already taken root, being shared by policymakers, practitioners and patients as well
SN  - 1356-1294
UR  - ISI:000239257800010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1924
T1  - Reconsidering clinical accountability - An examination of some dilemmas inherent in efforts to bolster clinician accountability 1970
A1  - Degeling,P.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Degeling, P, Univ New S Wales, Ctr Hosp Management & Informat Syst Res, Level 2,Samuels Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 54 7 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD W SUSSEX BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND INT J HEALTH PLAN MANAGE JAN-MAR Discipline: Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 309ZD
KW  - Accountability
KW  - ADVERSE EVENTS
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - AUSTRALIAN HEALTH-CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical governance
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Copyright
KW  - designing for accountability
KW  - dilemmas
KW  - discipline
KW  - effort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ETHICAL-ISSUES
KW  - focus of accountability
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - IF
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Management
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings of accountability
KW  - NEED
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - RULE
KW  - RULES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Success
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - values
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 16
JF  - International Journal of Health Planning and Management
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - The paper critically appraises current efforts to bolster the accountability of clinicians. The paper opens with an examination of the values, meaning and rules which underpin different accountability systems. Against this background we canvass conceptual, practical and ethical issues which need to be addressed if efforts to extend the accountability of clinicians are to meet with success. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
SN  - 0749-6753
AV  - Univ New S Wales, Ctr Hosp Management & Informat Syst Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000086798700002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1925
T1  - A systematic evaluation of the quality of meta-analyses in the critical care literature 537
A1  - Delaney,A.
A1  - Bagshaw,S.M.
A1  - Ferland,A.
A1  - Manns,B.
A1  - Laupland,K.B.
A1  - Doig,C.J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Delaney, A, Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Intens Care Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia adelaney@med.usyd.edu.au 26 4 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD LONDON MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND CRIT CARE OCT Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 976JE
KW  - Albumin
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Bias
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - discipline
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Hypothermia
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - ILL PATIENTS
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - inclusion
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - London
KW  - MECHANICAL VENTILATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - overview
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - RELEASE
KW  - reports
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - shock
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY
KW  - Validity
KW  - VENTILATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - R575
EP  - R582
JF  - Critical Care
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
N2  - Introduction Meta-analyses have been suggested to be the highest form of evidence available to clinicians to guide clinical practice in critical care. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the quality of meta-analyses that address topics pertinent to critical care. Methods To identify potentially eligible meta-analyses for inclusion, a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was undertaken, using broad search terms relevant to intensive care, including: intensive care, critical care, shock, resuscitation, inotropes and mechanical ventilation. Predetermined inclusion criteria were applied to each identified meta-analysis independently by two authors. To assess report quality, the included meta-analyses were assessed using the component and overall scores from the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). The quality of reports published before and after the publication of the QUOROM statement was compared. Results A total of 139 reports of meta-analyses were included ( kappa = 0.93). The overall quality of reports of meta-analyses was found to be poor, with an estimated mean overall OQAQ score of 3.3 (95% CI; 3.0 - 3.6). Only 43 (30.9%) were scored as having minimal or minor flaws (> 5). We noted problems with the reporting of key characteristics of meta-analyses, such as performing a thorough literature search, avoidance of bias in the inclusion of studies and appropriately referring to the validity of the included studies. After the release of the QUOROM statement, however, an improvement in the overall quality of published meta-analyses was noted. Conclusion The overall quality of the reports of meta-analyses available to critical care physicians is poor. Physicians should critically evaluate these studies prior to considering applying the results of these studies in their clinical practice
SN  - 1466-609X
AV  - Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Intens Care Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Calgary, Dept Crit Care Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000232728800036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1926
T1  - Physiatric research fellows' perceptions of the quality of their training 2306
A1  - DeLisa,J.A.
A1  - Jain,S.S.
A1  - Kirshblum,S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article DeLisa, JA, Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Univ Hosp, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, B-261,150 Bergen St, Newark, NJ 07103 USA 18 1 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA AMER J PHYS MED REHABIL SEP-OCT Discipline: Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences 132DA
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Authorship
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - fellowships
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - IF
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - INITIATION
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Management
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - PHYSICAL MEDICINE
KW  - physical medicine and rehabilitation
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - REHABILITATION RESEARCH
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - research training
KW  - respect
KW  - Science
KW  - Sport
KW  - survey
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
EP  - 414
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
VL  - 77
IS  - 5
N2  - A survey was conducted to evaluate the physiatric research fellowship training. A 22-item questionnaire was sent to the 42 identified physiatrists who had completed at least a 1-yr research fellowship. Twenty-nine of these individuals (69 %) responded. The physiatrists, all of whom have completed their research fellowships, uniformly cited competent faculty research mentors as being critical, even if they were not in the same department. Having protected research time as well as a research didactic program and journal club were highly rated issues. The trainees preferred a 2-yr fellowship that also stressed initiation of their own research, grant writing and management experience, and first authorship on research papers. We conclude that the majority of the research fellows agree on what are important issues with respect to their training
SN  - 0894-9115
AV  - Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Kessler Med Rehabil Res & Educ Corp, W Orange, NJ USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Livingston, NJ USA. Kessler Inst Rehabil, Spinal Cord Injury Serv, W Orange, NJ USA.
UR  - ISI:000076613900009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1927
T1  - Reviewing the reviewers: the quality of reporting in three secondary journals 1723
A1  - Devereaux,P.J.
A1  - Manns,B.J.
A1  - Ghali,W.A.
A1  - Quan,H.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Devereaux, PJ, McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Rm 2C12,1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 17 5 CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OTTAWA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA CAN MED ASSN J MAY 29 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 436TZ
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Bias
KW  - blinding
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COMPLETENESS
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - content
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - interpretation
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - P-Value
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1573
EP  - 1576
JF  - Canadian Medical Association Journal
VL  - 164
IS  - 11
N2  - Background: Secondary journals such as ACP journal Club (ACP), Journal Watch (JW) and Internal Medicine Alert (IMA) have enormous potential to help clinicians remain up to date with medical knowledge. However, for clinicians to evaluate the validity and applicability of new findings, they need information on the study design, methodology and results. Methods: Beginning with the first issue in March 1997, we selected 50 consecutive summaries of studies addressing therapy or prevention and internal medicine content from each of the ACP, JW and IMA. We evaluated the summaries for completeness of reporting key aspects of study design, methodology and results. Results: All of the summaries in ACP reported study design, as compared with 72% of the summaries in JW and IMA (p < 0.001). In summaries of randomized controlled trials the 3 secondary journals were similar in reporting concealment of patient allocation (none reported this), blinding status of participants (ACP 62%, JW 70% and IMA 70% [p = 0.7]), blinding status of health care providers (ACP 12%, JW 4% and IMA 4% [p = 0.4]) and blinding status of judicial assessors of outcomes (ACP 4%, JW 4% and IMA 0% [p = 0.4]). ACP was the only one to report whether investigators conducted an intention-to-treat analysis (in 38% of summaries [p < 0.001]), and it was more likely than the other 2 journals to report the precision of the treatment effect (as a p value or 95% confidence interval) (ACP 100%, JW 0% and IMA 55% [p < 0.001]). Interpretation: Although ACP provided more information on study design, methodology and results, all 3 secondary journals often omitted important information. More complete reporting is necessary for secondary journals to fulfill their potential to help clinicians evaluate the medical literature
SN  - 0820-3946
AV  - Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000168953100012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1928
T1  - Impact of an evidence-based medicine curriculum on medical students' attitudes and skills 868
A1  - Dorsch,J.L.
A1  - Aiyer,M.K.
A1  - Meyer,L.E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Dorsch, JL, Univ Illinois, Coll Lib Hlth Sci, POB 1649,1 Illini Dr, Peoria, IL 61656 USA jod@uic.edu aiyer@uic.edu lmeyer@uic.edu 26 5 MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC CHICAGO 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA J MED LIBR ASSOC OCT Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 862JG
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Clerkship
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL INSTRUCTION
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Mann-Whitney U Test
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
KW  - NATIONAL-SURVEY
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Performance
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - Self Perception
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Two-Tailed Test
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VALIDATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 397
EP  - 406
JF  - Journal of the Medical Library Association.Vol.94(2)()(pp 145-151), 2006.
J1  - Journal of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
N2  - Purpose: This evaluation study sought to assess the impact of an evidence-based medicine (EBM) course on students' self-perception of EBM skills, determine their use of EBM skills, and measure their performance in applying EBM skills in a simulated case scenario. Methods: Pre- and post-surveys and skills tests were developed to measure students' attitudes toward and proficiency in EBM skills. Third-year students completed the voluntary survey and skills test at the beginning and completion of a twelve-week clerkship in internal medicine (IM) co-taught by medical and library faculty. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test for a two-tailed test. Results: A statistically significant increase was found in the students' self-assessment of skills. Students reported using the journal literature significantly more frequently during the clerkship than before, although textbooks remained their number one resource. A majority of students reported frequent use of EBM skills during the clerkship. Statistically significant improvement in student performance was also found on the posttest, although the level of improvement was more modest than that found on the post-surveys. Conclusion: The introduction of EBM skills to students during a clinical clerkship provides students an opportunity to practice EBM skills and reinforces the use of evidence in making patient-care decisions
SN  - 1536-5050
AV  - Univ Illinois, Coll Lib Hlth Sci, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Fac Dev Measurement & Evaluat, Dept Educ Serv, Peoria, IL 61656 USA.
UR  - ISI:000224486200006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1929
T1  - Applying the results of a systematic review in general practice 2006
A1  - Doust,J.A.
A1  - Silagy,C.A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Doust, JA, Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Gen Practice, Level 7, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia 12 7 AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD SYDNEY LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA MED J AUSTRALIA FEB 21 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 293QP
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Australia
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - Head
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - media
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - POSTAL SURVEY
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - prescribing
KW  - Probability
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STATE
KW  - survey
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 156
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 172
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: To assess how general practitioners might interpret and apply the results of a systematic review relevant to general practice. Design: Cross-sectional postal survey of general practitioners in August 1997. Participants: 51 general practitioners in the Southern Division of General Practice in Adelaide and 11 professors or heads of departments of general practice. Main outcome measures:Extent to which comments on the implications for practice and implications for research coincided with the evidence presented in a systematic review of antibiotics for the treatment of acute otitis media in children; and reported probability that respondents would prescribe antibiotics in three brief case scenarios. Results: There was considerable variation in the comments made by general practitioners on the implications of the review for clinical practice. After reading the review, respondents with training in critical appraisal were more likely to state that children with acute otitis media would usually recover spontaneously and reported a lower probability of prescribing antibiotics in two of the three case scenarios. Conclusions: Providing systematic reviews is not sufficient for the results of such evidence to be translated:into clinical practice. There is an association between critical appraisal skills and the application of evidence-based practice
SN  - 0025-729X
AV  - Flinders Univ S Australia, Dept Gen Practice, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia. Monash Univ, Inst Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv Res, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000085864600005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1930
T1  - Evidence based medicine training for residents and students at a teaching hospital: the library's role in turning evidence into action 2189
A1  - Earl,M.F.
A1  - Neutens,J.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Earl, MF, Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Preston Med Lib, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA 22 2 MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC CHICAGO 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA BULL MED LIBR ASSN APR Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 187FK
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - based medicine
KW  - Chicago
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - instruction
KW  - Into
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medicine
KW  - PLACE
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 211
EP  - 214
JF  - Bulletin of the Medical Library Association
VL  - 87
IS  - 2
SN  - 0025-7338
AV  - Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Preston Med Lib, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA.
UR  - ISI:000079776100008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1931
T1  - Selecting, presenting and delivering clinical guidelines: are there any "magic bullets"? 1027
A1  - Eccles,M.P.
A1  - Grimshaw,J.M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Eccles, MP, Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Populat & Hlth Sci, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, 21 Claremont Pl, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, Tyne & Wear, England martin.eccles@ncl.ac.uk 28 8 AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD SYDNEY LEVEL 1, 76 BERRY ST, SYDNEY, NSW 2060, AUSTRALIA MED J AUSTRALIA MAR 15 Suppl. S Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 808HF
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ATTRIBUTES
KW  - Australia
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Confidence
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - decision support
KW  - Decision Support System
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - implementation
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Into
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - wear
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S52
EP  - S54
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 180
IS  - 6
N2  - There are internationally agreed optimal methods for developing clinical practice guidelines. The quality of published guidelines varies. A validated assessment instrument should be used to identify well developed guidelines that can be used with confidence. There are multiple ways of presenting guidelines, including computerised systems. Computerisation of guidelines can cover a range of formats, from brief prompts through to complex decision-support systems. Integrating guidelines into computerised reminder systems has been shown to be effective in improving patient care, but there is less evidence to support the effectiveness of guidelines integrated into computerised decision-support systems
SN  - 0025-729X
AV  - Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Populat & Hlth Sci, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, Tyne & Wear, England. Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Programme, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000220559500005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1932
T1  - Use of a journal club and letter-writing exercise to teach critical appraisal to medical undergraduates 1696
A1  - Edwards,R.
A1  - White,M.
A1  - Gray,J.
A1  - Fischbacher,C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Edwards, R, Univ Newcastle, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE26 2DY, Tyne & Wear, England 6 8 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND MED EDUC JUL Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 447MZ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSIGNMENT
KW  - ASSIGNMENTS
KW  - ATTACHMENT
KW  - CARE
KW  - Communication
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - CONTAMINATION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Education
KW  - education,medical,undergraduates,methods
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Feedback
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - medical undergraduates
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peers
KW  - PLACE
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - Publication
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - undergraduate curriculum
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - Use
KW  - wear
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing Skills
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 691
EP  - 694
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
N2  - Introduction There is growing interest in methods of teaching critical appraisal skills at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. We describe an approach using a journal club and subsequent letter writing to teach critical appraisal and writing skills to medical undergraduates. Methods The exercise occurs during a 3-week public health medicine attachment in the third year of the undergraduate curriculum. Students work in small groups to appraise a recently published research paper, present their findings to their peers in a journal club, and draft a letter to the journal editor. Evaluation took place through: informal and formal feedback from students; number of letters written, submitted and published, and a comparison of marks obtained by students submitting a literature review assignment with and without critical appraisal teaching during the public health attachment. Results Feedback from students was overwhelmingly positive. In the first 31/2 years, 26 letters have been published or accepted for publication, and 58 letters published on the Internet. There were no significant differences in overall marks or marks for the critical appraisal component of the literature review assignments between the two student groups. Discussion We believe our approach is an innovative and enjoyable method for teaching critical appraisal and writing skills to medical students. Lack of difference in marks in the literature review between the student groups may reflect its insensitivity as an outcome measure, contamination by other critical appraisal teaching, or true ineffectiveness
SN  - 0308-0110
AV  - Univ Newcastle, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE26 2DY, Tyne & Wear, England.
UR  - ISI:000169578200015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1933
T1  - New roads and human health: A systematic review 1171
A1  - Egan,M.
A1  - Petticrew,M.
A1  - Ogilvie,D.
A1  - Hamilton,V.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Egan, M, Univ Glasgow, MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, Lanark, Scotland 73 9 AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC WASHINGTON 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA AMER J PUBLIC HEALTH SEP Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 716KL
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - activity
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Human
KW  - HUMAN HEALTH
KW  - Incidence
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - Research
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Review
KW  - Scotland
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - TRAFFIC NOISE EXPOSURE
KW  - UNIT
KW  - URBAN
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1463
EP  - 1471
JF  - American Journal of Public Health.2005 Apr; 95(4): 617-25.(29 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Public Health
VL  - 93
IS  - 9
N2  - We sought to synthesize evidence of the health effects of construction of new roads by systematically reviewing observational studies of such effects. We included and critically appraised 32 studies. The review suggested that out-of-town bypasses decrease injuries on main roads through or around towns, although more robust evidence is needed on effects on secondary roads. New major urban roads have statistically insignificant effects on injury incidence. New major roads between towns decrease injuries. Out-of-town bypasses reduce disturbance and community severance in towns but increase them elsewhere. Major urban roads increase disturbance and severance. More robust research is needed in this area, particularly regarding effects of new roads on respiratory health, mental health, access to health services, and physical activity
SN  - 0090-0036
AV  - Univ Glasgow, MRC, Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow G12 8RZ, Lanark, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000185027300027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1934
T1  - ESPRIT study design and outcomes - a critical appraisal 15
A1  - Einhaupl,K.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Einhaupl, K, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany karl.einhaeupl@charite.de 16 0 LIBRAPHARM NEWBURY 29-35 VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY RG19 6HX, BERKSHIRE, ENGLAND CURR MED RES OPIN FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental 140TP
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Berlin
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - cerebral
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - COMBINATIONS
KW  - COMPOSITE
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Criticism
KW  - Death
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - dipyridamole
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Germany
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Information
KW  - interpretation
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - ischaemic stroke
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - LONG-TERM TREATMENT
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - methodological issues
KW  - myocardial infarction
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - outcome study
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PLACE
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Research
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Secondary Prevention
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Stroke
KW  - STROKE PREVENTION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 271
EP  - 273
JF  - Current medical research and opinion
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence is needed to guide therapeutic decisions on patients who had ischaemic cerebral events. The recently published European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial (ESPRIT), an open-label randomised controlled study, compared long-term treatment of patients randomised to aspirin 30-325 mg daily with (n = 1363) or without (n = 1376) dipyridamole 200 mg twice daily. The study found the combination to be superior to aspirin alone (13% vs. 16% events in a composite endpoint of vascular death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or major bleeding; hazard ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.98). In the interpretation of the results, criticism has been raised related to the study design (open-label, change during the study), the study conduct (half of the aspirin patients underdosed, 33% drop-out rate in the combination group, missing information on potential confounders such as protective concomitant medication), and the outcomes (lack of differences in the efficacy outcomes between the intent-to-treat and the on-treatment populations, lack of differences in minor bleedings between treatment groups, borderline statistical significance of primary study endpoint). Further studies are needed to determine the place of aspirin/dipyridamole combinations in the secondary prevention of stroke
SN  - 0300-7995
AV  - Sch Med, Dept Neurol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000244529900004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1935
T1  - Evidence-based learning 2093
A1  - Eitel,F.
A1  - Steiner,S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Eitel, F, Univ Munich, Klinikum Innenstadt, Chirurg Klin & Poliklin, Nussbaumstr 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany 27 6 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH SEP Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 246GR
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Concept Mapping
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - definition
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - Feedback
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Germany
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - instructional design
KW  - Integration
KW  - intrinsic motivation
KW  - investigation
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Learning
KW  - Management
KW  - medical curriculum
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Motivation
KW  - outcome
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - problems
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - quality management
KW  - reform
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - SELF-EFFICACY
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Social Integration
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 506
EP  - 512
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - In spite of the empirically evident merits of innovative teaching/learning formats such as PBL, resistance is observed to implementing promising curricular innovations, or to changing the traditional medical curricula. Moreover, reforms have failed because of resistance to change. To solve these problems it is accepted worldwide that faculty have to find and apply innovative approaches and to manage change in medical education. The aim of this study is to conceptualize change in pedagogy. The hypotheses developed in this article are visualized by concept mapping. A path analysis (correlation study) is demonstrated investigating the relationship between instructional design and motivation to learn. This article is designed as a case study. Well-defined teaching/learning goals, learning by doing, feedback and social integration of the students are features of instructional design. They correlate positively (0.14-0.32) with students' experience of self-efficacy, which leads to intrinsic motivation to learn (0.48). Implementing an intrinsically motivating teaching/learning/format is proposed as a means to managing change in instructional design and, consequently, educational outcome. Evidence-based learning (EBL) was conceptualized in order to develop a format that provides these design conditions. EEL is characterized by seven instructional steps synthesizing. . problem-based learning (PBL) with . critical appraisal of concepts to be learned, and with . quality management of learning projects. The definition of EEL given here provides the basis for further investigation directed towards continuous improvement in medical education
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Univ Munich, Munich, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000083156500011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1936
T1  - Evidence-based librarianship: the EBL process 150
A1  - Eldredge,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Eldredge, J, Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Lib, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA 58 0 EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED BRADFORD 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND LIBR HI TECH Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 098IF
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - INFORMATIVE ABSTRACTS
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Librarianship
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Mexico
KW  - New Mexico
KW  - NEW-MEXICO
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READER
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 341
EP  - 354
JF  - Library Hi Tech
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
N2  - Purpose - The paper seeks to describe the EBL process in sufficient detail that the readers can apply it to their own professional practice. Design/methodology/approach - The paper takes the form of a narrative literature review. Findings - The EBL process can be summarized through its five steps: formulate a clearly defined, relevant, and answerable question; search for an answer in both the published and unpublished literature, plus any other authoritative resources, for the best available evidence; critically appraise the evidence; assess the relative value of expected benefits and costs of any decided upon action plan; and evaluate the effectiveness of the action plan. Originality/value - References for readers to pursue more in-depth research into any particular step or a specific aspect of the EBL process are provided. The EBL process assists librarians in applying the best available evidence to answering the more important questions facing their practice, their institutions, and the profession. This evidence can become the basis for making sound decisions
SN  - 0737-8831
AV  - Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Lib, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Informat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
UR  - ISI:000241513500003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1937
T1  - A critical appraisal of existing classification systems of epithelial hyperplasia and in situ neoplasia of the breast with proposals for future methods of categorization: Where are we going? 2109
A1  - Ellis,I.O.
A1  - Pinder,S.E.
A1  - Lee,A.H.S.
A1  - Elston,C.W.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Ellis, IO, City Hosp Nottingham, Dept Histopathol, Hucknall Rd, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England 43 21 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SEMIN DIAGN PATHOL AUG Discipline: Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology 232VY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - atypical ductal hyperplasia
KW  - BREAST
KW  - breast disease
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - carcinoma in situ
KW  - CARCINOMA-IN-SITU
KW  - choice
KW  - CHOICES
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - Classification
KW  - classification systems
KW  - classifications
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DCIS
KW  - discipline
KW  - ductal carcinoma in situ
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - HETEROZYGOSITY
KW  - IN-SITU
KW  - Independence
KW  - INTEROBSERVER REPRODUCIBILITY
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - LOCAL RECURRENCE
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - neoplasia
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathologists
KW  - Pathology
KW  - pathology classification
KW  - problems
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Recognition
KW  - revision
KW  - Risk
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 202
EP  - 208
JF  - Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
N2  - Current classification systems for borderline lesions of the breast including epithelial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ fall short of the ideal. They present pathologists with problems of recognition or clear distinction and clinicians with difficult management choices. In addition, recent evidence indicates that different pathogenetic lesions are present in some categories. This article presents a brief critical appraisal of the existing classifications and offers suggestions for revision using a model of pathogenetic lineage. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company
SN  - 0740-2570
AV  - City Hosp Nottingham, Dept Histopathol, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England.
UR  - ISI:000082391700002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1938
T1  - Multidisciplinary evidence-based medicine journal clubs: Curriculum design and participants' reactions 2200
A1  - Elnicki,D.M.
A1  - Halperin,A.K.
A1  - Shockcor,W.T.
A1  - Aronoff,S.C.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Elnicki, DM, W Virginia Univ, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, Robert C Byrd HSC, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA 11 10 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA AMER J MED SCI APR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 184WX
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Design
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty Development
KW  - faculty members
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - LEARNERS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Responses
KW  - SCALE
KW  - School
KW  - SCHOOL-OF-MEDICINE
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - structure
KW  - Student
KW  - student evaluation
KW  - Students
KW  - understanding
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - varieties
KW  - West Virginia
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 243
EP  - 246
JF  - American Journal of the Medical Sciences
VL  - 317
IS  - 4
N2  - Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is becoming an accepted educational paradigm in medical education at a variety of levels. It focuses on identifying the best evidence for medical decision making and applying that evidence to patient care. Methods: Three EBM journal clubs were developed at the West Virginia University School of Medicine. One was for senior medical students, another for residents, and the third for primary care faculty members. In each, the sessions stressed answering clinical questions arising from actual patient-care issues. The curricular structure and development of the journal clubs are described. Participants anonymously evaluated aspects of the journal clubs regarding their educational value with Likert scale questions. Results: Faculty members and residents generally gave high evaluations to all aspects of the EBM journal clubs. Student evaluations were more mixed. For each of the evaluation questions, the student means were lower than those of faculty and residents. However the differences reached statistical significance only in the responses to the usefulness of the sessions in understanding the medical literature (P < 0.01). Residents and faculty rated the EBM sessions more favorably than grand rounds or the resident lecture series. Conclusions: The establishment of evidence-based medicine journal clubs is feasible, and learners seem to value the sessions. More developed learners may gain more from the experience than those earlier in their medical education
SN  - 0002-9629
AV  - W Virginia Univ, Dept Med, Gen Internal Med Sect, Robert C Byrd HSC, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Pediat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
UR  - ISI:000079637700006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1939
T1  - Further assessment of flood- and drought-dominated regimes in southeastern Australia 2345
A1  - Erskine,W.D.
A1  - Warner,R.F.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Erskine, WD, Univ New S Wales, Sch Geog, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 34 3 CARFAX PUBL CO ABINGDON PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE AUST GEOGRAPHER JUL Discipline: Geography 110NC
KW  - alternating flood regimes
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - challenge
KW  - channel changes
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - cusum
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - Management
KW  - NEW-SOUTH-WALES
KW  - question
KW  - RAINFALL
KW  - RIVER
KW  - river management
KW  - secular rainfall changes
KW  - SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - VALLEY
KW  - Wales
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 257
EP  - 261
JF  - Australian Geographer
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
N2  - Kirkup et al. (1998) [Australian Geographer 29, pp. 241-55] criticise our theory of alternating flood regimes and question its application to river management. A brief but critical appraisal of their work shows many Errors and misrepresentations. When these are corrected, their challenge is found deficient
SN  - 0004-9182
AV  - Univ New S Wales, Sch Geog, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000075386400011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1940
T1  - Critical appraisal and Canadian Family Physician 2599
A1  - Evans,M.F.
A1  - Frank,J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Evans, MF, UNIV TORONTO,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA 2 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA ON L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS MAR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal WN573
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 449
EP  - 449
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 43
SN  - 0008-350X
UR  - ISI:A1997WN57300017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1941
T1  - Selecting a mental health needs assessment scale: guidance on the critical appraisal of standardized measures 1840
A1  - Evans,S.
A1  - Greenhalgh,J.
A1  - Connelly,J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Evans, S, Univ Leeds, Nuffield Inst Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, 71-75 Clarendon Rd, Leeds LS2 9PL, W Yorkshire, England 44 3 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT NOV Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 377FA
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CAMBERWELL ASSESSMENT
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE ASSESSMENT
KW  - CASE-MANAGEMENT
KW  - Checklist
KW  - clinical
KW  - Comparative Analysis
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Status Indicators
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - ILL
KW  - ILLNESS
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - mental health needs
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - MRC NEEDS
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - PSYCHOSIS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scales
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Science
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SWEDISH VERSION
KW  - Use
KW  - users
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 379
EP  - 393
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - The assessment of need has become a central element of the NHS policy on mental health care. Despite the importance placed on a needs-led mental health service, little guidance has been provided as to the most appropriate means of assessing need. The use of standardized instruments can facilitate a systematic approach to the needs assessment process. However, available mental health needs assessment scales (MHNAS) vary considerably. Care is required to ensure that the scale selected is appropriate to the proposed purpose. This paper presents practical guidance on instrument selection for potential users of MHNAS including: (1) a review of the key issues to be considered when selecting an assessment scale, (2) a critical appraisal checklist for use in the review of needs assessment scales, and (3) a comparative analysis of three of the most commonly cited needs assessment scales. In addition, recommendations are made of ways to improve both the accessibility of MNHAS and to facilitate their appraisal prior to application in a clinical or research setting
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Univ Leeds, Nuffield Inst Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, Leeds LS2 9PL, W Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000165500300005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1942
T1  - High-mobility group protein 1(Y): Metastasis-associated or metastasis-inducing? 852
A1  - Evans,A.
A1  - Lennard,T.W.J.
A1  - Davies,B.R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Evans, A, Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Surg & Reprod Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England aevans@rcsed.ac.uk 57 5 WILEY-LISS HOBOKEN DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA J SURG ONCOL NOV 1 Discipline: Oncology; Surgery 867AS
KW  - And
KW  - Animal Model
KW  - animal models
KW  - ANIMAL-MODEL
KW  - Article
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CELL-LINES
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - EXPRESS HIGH-LEVELS
KW  - Gene
KW  - genes
KW  - HMG-1(Y)
KW  - HMG-I/Y GENE
KW  - HMGI(Y) PROTEIN
KW  - Human
KW  - IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION
KW  - Metastasis
KW  - metastatic
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - NEGATIVE REGULATION
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PROGRESSION MARKER
KW  - PROSTATE-CANCER
KW  - Protein
KW  - Review
KW  - RIVER
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TARGET
KW  - tumorigenesis
KW  - USA
KW  - UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS
KW  - wear
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 86
EP  - 99
JF  - Journal of Surgical Oncology
VL  - 88
IS  - 2
N2  - Metastasis is the major cause of mortality and morbidity for patients with cancer. The high-mobility group protein 1(Y)[HMG-1(Y)] has a role in the transcription of many genes involved at different steps in the metastatic cascade and has been linked with cancer in human and animal models. This may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients. The following review summarizes and critically appraises the evidence for the role of HMG-1(Y) in metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;88:86-99. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc
SN  - 0022-4790
AV  - Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Surg & Reprod Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, No Inst Canc Res, Fac Med Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.
UR  - ISI:000224815100006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1943
T1  - 'Gluttony or sloth': critical geographies of bodies and morality in (anti)obesity policy 194
A1  - Evans,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Evans, B, Univ Liverpool, Dept Geog, Liverpool L69 7ZT, Merseyside, England b.evans@liv.ac.uk 43 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND AREA SEP Discipline: Geography 086PH
KW  - AGENDA
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - BOUNDARIES
KW  - context
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical geography
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - discussion
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FAT
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTH GEOGRAPHY
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - IMPAIRMENT
KW  - MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY
KW  - Morality
KW  - Obesity
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - TERM
KW  - UK
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 259
EP  - 267
JF  - Area
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
N2  - In many countries, obesity is high on public health policy agendas, and geographical research has begun to engage with obesity. However, obesity is a highly contested term, and recent debates about geographers' engagement with policy, and critical discussions of the presence of bodies in medical geography, bear great relevance for developing a critical perspective on dominant 'obesity discourse'. Through a critical reading of a recent UK policy document, this paper considers the presence of bodies in (anti)obesity campaigns, calling for a more critical approach to the medicalization of body size to be central to future geographical work on obesity
SN  - 0004-0894
AV  - Univ Liverpool, Dept Geog, Liverpool L69 7ZT, Merseyside, England.
UR  - ISI:000240685000005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1944
T1  - A comprehensive approach to the menopause: So far, one size should fit all 1638
A1  - Ewies,A.A.A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Ewies, AAA, 33 Sword Close, Leicester LE3 8SY, Leics, England 45 7 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA OBSTET GYNECOL SURV OCT Discipline: Obstetrics & Gynecology 480TE
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Age
KW  - alternative
KW  - Alternative Therapies
KW  - alternatives
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Calcium
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - CHOICES
KW  - CIMICIFUGA-RACEMOSA
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - COGNITIVE FUNCTION
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - DIETARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Estrogen
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exercise
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GAMOLENIC ACID
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hormonal Therapy
KW  - HORMONE
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - HOT FLUSHES
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Individualization
KW  - Information
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning objectives
KW  - Life
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - Management
KW  - Menopause
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - phytoestrogens
KW  - POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READER
KW  - Reduction
KW  - REPLACEMENT
KW  - REPLACEMENT THERAPY
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - Stress
KW  - STRESSES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - TARGET
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - vitamin
KW  - Vitamin D
KW  - VITAMIN-D
KW  - WILL
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 642
EP  - 649
JF  - Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
VL  - 56
IS  - 10
N2  - Although extensive studies have indicated that the benefits of hormone replacement therapy outweigh the risks, many women and health care providers have concerns about safety and side effects. Many alternative therapies are popular with patients, and menopausal women in the United States spent more than $600 million in 1999 alone purchasing these therapies. Several of the more commonly used alternative therapies for the menopause are critically appraised in this article. For women who choose not to take estrogen, and for those who do, the additional benefits of calcium, vitamin D, exercise, stress reduction, and different dietary and lifestyle adaptations may enhance the quality of life as they age. Although they have the potential for being effective and safe options, there has been limited clinical research for the other alternative therapies. Gynecologists and other health care providers should be aware of the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of most of these therapies when they address patient's questions and concerns. Our information about alternative therapies will increase in the coming years. Ultimately, the growing number of available treatment choices will allow individualization of the treatment. Nevertheless, until prospective studies with prolonged follow-up are conducted to evaluate the risks and benefits of different alternative therapies, hormone replacement therapy, which is better studied, will remain the treatment of first choice, and "one size fits all" will continue to describe the management plan for most peri- and postmenopausal women at least in the near future. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to summarize the various alternatives to hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms, describe the effects of phytoestrogens in the management of menopausal symptoms, and explain the origin and clinical use of the more common herbal therapies
SN  - 0029-7828
UR  - ISI:000171478200004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1945
T1  - Use of the Cochrane Electronic Library in complementary and alternative medicine courses in medical schools: Is the giant lost in Cyberspace? 1401
A1  - Ezzo,J.
A1  - Wright,K.
A1  - Hadhazy,V.
A1  - Bahr-Robertson,M.
A1  - Mac Beckner,W.
A1  - Covington,M.
A1  - Berman,B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Ezzo, J, 1905 W Rogers Ave, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA 24 1 MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL LARCHMONT 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA J ALTERN COMPLEMENT MED OCT Discipline: Integrative & Complementary Medicine 612RK
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - alternative
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - classroom
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - cochrane systematic review
KW  - COMMITMENT
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - complementary and alternative medicine
KW  - COURSES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - CYBERSPACE
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - ideas
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Learning
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical libraries
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOLS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - survey
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching tool
KW  - TOOL
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 681
EP  - 686
JF  - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2004 Dec; 10(6): 985-1000.(61 ref)
J1  - Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
N2  - Courses in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are increasing in medical schools in the United States and, currently, approximately two thirds of U.S. medical schools offer at least one such course. As these courses grow in popularity, however, concerns are also growing that these courses lack an evidence-based perspective. We propose that one interesting and easy way to bring an evidence-based perspective to the CAM classroom is to utilize the Cochrane Electronic Library (CLIB), which is available in many medical libraries, as a teaching tool. The CLIB currently houses more than 80 CAM-related, full-text systematic reviews and approximately 5000 CAM-related clinical trials, making it a Valued resource for people who seek CAM evidence. Moreover, the CLIB commitment to publishing reviews regardless of the results make it a resource where one can find reviews concluding there is strong evidence of benefit or no evidence of benefit. In addition to the access to CAM evidence which the CLIB provides, students can learn basic critical appraisal skills by learning the rationale behind Cochrane systematic reviews. A survey of CAM course directors, however, shows that almost one half of these directors have never used the CLIB. For those who have never used the CLIB, this editorial explains the four main databases within the CLIB and presents ideas for using them in CAM school courses
SN  - 1075-5535
AV  - JPS Enterprises, Takoma Pk, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Complementary Med Program, Cochrane Complementary Med Field, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
UR  - ISI:000179089100023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1946
T1  - Influence of demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics on heart rate and its variability in the population 2087
A1  - Fagard,R.H.
A1  - Pardaens,K.
A1  - Staessen,J.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Fagard, RH, UZ Gasthuisberg Hypertensie, Herestr 49, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium 39 17 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J HYPERTENSION NOV Discipline: Peripheral Vascular Disease 251YB
KW  - activity
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Alcohol Consumption
KW  - ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - AUTONOMIC FUNCTION
KW  - Belgium
KW  - BLOOD-PRESSURE
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - Body Mass
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - CONSUMPTION
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - English
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - FREQUENCY-DOMAIN
KW  - Gender
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - HEALTHY
KW  - HEALTHY-SUBJECTS
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Rate
KW  - heart rate variability
KW  - HEART-RATE
KW  - HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - investigation
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Life
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - MEN
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NORMAL RANGES
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
KW  - Population
KW  - Posture
KW  - power
KW  - power spectral analysis
KW  - POWER SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS
KW  - RATE-VARIABILITY
KW  - Recording
KW  - RECORDINGS
KW  - Respiration
KW  - Risk
KW  - RR-INTERVAL
KW  - Sample
KW  - Smoking
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SYMPATHOVAGAL BALANCE
KW  - transform
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VARIABILITY
KW  - Variance
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1589
EP  - 1599
JF  - Journal of Hypertension.Vol.23(5)()(pp 1047-1054), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Hypertension
VL  - 17
IS  - 11
N2  - Objective The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of age, gender, posture and their interactions, and of body mass index and lifestyle factors, on heart rate, its total variance and its variability in the frequency domain in a population-based sample of healthy subjects. Methods RR interval and respiration were registered in the supine and in the standing position in 302 men and 312 women, aged 25-89 years; 424 subjects were healthy and had recordings suitable for analysis. Power spectral analysis was performed by use of autoregressive modelling and by fast Fourier transform, and the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components were expressed in both absolute (ms(2)) and normalized units Results In the supine position, heart rate was higher in women than in men (P < 0.001) and was not affected by age. Total variance and absolute LF and HF power markedly declined with age in each gender (P < 0.001). Men had higher absolute LF power than women (P < 0.001), whereas HF power was similar by gender; the age-related decline of HF power tended to be steeper in women (P = 0.06). The normalized LF and HF powers also decreased with age (P < 0.01), except for the LF component in women; young men had higher LF power and lower HF power than young women, but the gender difference disappeared in the sixth decade of life. The LF:HF ratio was not influenced by age in supine men; the ratio was lower in women at young age, but increased to the level of men at greater age. Heart rate increased on standing, whereas its total variance was reduced; HF power declined, irrespective of the units, normalized LF power and the LF:HF ratio increased, whereas absolute LF power decreased (P < 0.001). The postural changes of heart rate and of the frequency components did not differ by gender, but were attenuated with increasing age (P < 0.05). Alcohol consumption did not influence heart rate and its variability, whereas independent effects of habitual physical activity, smoking habits and body mass index explained no more than 4% of the variance of some measures of heart rate variability. Conclusions Age, gender and/or some lifestyle factors significantly affect heart rate and various components of its variability in the supine position and in response to standing. The results are similar for autoregressive modelling and fast Fourier transform, but may differ according to the units in which the spectral components are expressed. (C) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0263-6352
AV  - Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Med, Dept Mol & Cardiovasc Res, Hypertens & Cardiovasc Rehabil Unit, Louvain, Belgium.
UR  - ISI:000083473000013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1947
T1  - From trial data to practical knowledge: qualitative study of how general practitioners have accessed and used evidence about statin drugs in their management of hypercholesterolaemia 2299
A1  - Fairhurst,K.
A1  - Huby,G.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Fairhurst, K, Univ Edinburgh, Dept Community Hlth Sci Gen Practice, Levinson House, Edinburgh EH8 9DX, Midlothian, Scotland Karen.Fairhurst@ed.ac.uk 19 65 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J OCT 24 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 134QY
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical evidence
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Consensus
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - coronary heart disease
KW  - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - HEART
KW  - heart disease
KW  - HEART-DISEASE
KW  - IF
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Lipid
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Analysis
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - QUALITATIVE-ANALYSIS
KW  - Sample
KW  - Scotland
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Secondary Prevention
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - social factors
KW  - Statin
KW  - STATINS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - trustworthiness
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1134
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 317
IS  - 7166
N2  - Objectives To explore how general practitioners have accessed and evaluated evidence from trials on the use of statin lipid lowering drugs and incorporated this evidence into their practice. To draw out the practical implications of this study for strategies to integrate clinical evidence into general medical practice. Design Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews. Setting General practices in Lothian, Subjects 24 general practitioners selected to obtain a heterogeneous sample. Results Respondents were generally aware of the evidence relating to the use of statins in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, but they were less clear about the evidence in primary prevention, The benefits of statins in secondary prevention were clearer to them and the social and economic issues less complex than was the case for use in primary prevention, Respondents rarely said they appraised the methods and content of trials, rather they judged the trustworthiness of the source of trial evidence and interpreted it within the context of the economic and social factors which impinge on their practice Moreover, trial data become relevant for routine practice only when underpinned by a consensus an these issues. Conclusion Strategies to promote incorporation of evidence from clinical trials into everyday practice are likely to be effective if they tap into and build on the process of local consensus building. Strategies such as teaching critical appraisal skills and guideline development may have little effect if they are separated from this process
SN  - 0959-8138
AV  - Univ Edinburgh, Dept Community Hlth Sci Gen Practice, Edinburgh EH8 9DX, Midlothian, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000076755100033
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1948
T1  - Modern Western science as a standard for traditional chinese medicine: A critical appraisal 1198
A1  - Fan,R.P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Fan, RP, City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Publ & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 15 4 AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS BOSTON 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA J LAW MED ETHICS SUM Discipline: Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal 703LM
KW  - alternative
KW  - Alternative Medicine
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Chinese Medicine
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - complementary and alternative medicine
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Law
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Medical Ethics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MONEY
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - problems
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Success
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 213
EP  - 221
JF  - Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
N2  - Commentators often argue that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) should be held to the same scientific standards as conventional medicine. This article argues that medicine is not always as scientific as assumed; reciprocally, it can cause harms and waste money. Although medicine has had remarkable success, its problems and limits justify a relatively tolerant approach toward CAM
SN  - 1073-1105
AV  - City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Publ & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
UR  - ISI:000184280900005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1949
T1  - The effect of antibiotic therapy for patients infected with Helicobacter pylori who have chronic urticaria 1127
A1  - Federman,D.G.
A1  - Kirsner,R.S.
A1  - Moriarty,J.P.
A1  - Concato,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Federman, DG, Connecticut Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, 11ACSL,950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516 USA 20 9 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA J AMER ACAD DERMATOL NOV Discipline: Dermatology 737NE
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - activity
KW  - AMERICAN-COLLEGE
KW  - And
KW  - Antibiotic Therapy
KW  - ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - Article
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Campbell
KW  - CARE
KW  - chronic
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - College
KW  - combined
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CT
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - DERMATOLOGISTS
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Endoscopy
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - ERADICATION
KW  - Helicobacter Pylori
KW  - HELICOBACTER-PYLORI
KW  - IDIOPATHIC CHRONIC URTICARIA
KW  - IF
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Infection
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - question
KW  - Remission
KW  - RESOLUTION
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Serology
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - testing
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - WORD
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 861
EP  - 864
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Vol.52(4)()(pp 559-573), 2005.
J1  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
N2  - Background: Several small trails looking at antibiotic therapy targeted at Helicobacter pylori for the treatment of chronic urticaria have peen published and have had conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review of existing studies to help answer the clinical question of whether this therapy has a role in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Methods: We identified studies published in the English language with searches of MEDLINE, PREMED-LINE, American College of Physicians Journal Club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, and Cochrane Libraries using the key words "Helicobacter pylori" and "urticaria." Relevant studies from bibliography reviews were also included. Studies included met the following criteria: (1) patients had urticaria for at least 6 weeks; (2) other known causes of urticaria were excluded by appropriate testing; (3) the initial diagnosis of H pylori infection was made by either serology, urea breath test, or upper endoscopy; and (4) an adequate trial of an antibiotic with known activity against H pylori was completed. Results: In all, 10 studies met our inclusion criteria. The rate of remission of urticaria when H pylori was eradicated was 30.9% (59/191) compared with 21.7% (18/83) when H pylori was not eradicated; the background remission rate among control subjects without H pylori infection was 13.5% (10/74). When data from the 10 studies were combined, eradication of H pylori was both quantitatively and statistically associated with remission of urticaria (odds ratio 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.4-6.8; P = .005). Conclusion: We found that resolution of urticaria was more likely when antibiotic therapy was successful in eradication of H pylori infection than when patients who were infected did not achieve eradication. These results suggest that clinicians, after considering other causes of urticaria, should constitute (1) testing for H pylori, (2) treating with appropriate antibiotics if H pylori is present; and (3) confirming successful eradication of infection
SN  - 0190-9622
AV  - Connecticut Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol & Cutaneous Surg, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL USA.
UR  - ISI:000186238000009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1950
T1  - Challenges for designing and implementing decision aids 891
A1  - Feldman-Stewart,D.
A1  - Brundage,M.D.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Feldman-Stewart, D, Queens Univ, Inst Canc Res, Div Canc Care & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada deb.feldman-stewart@krcc.on.ca 71 3 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND PATIENT EDUC COUNS SEP Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary 854AK
KW  - AIDS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARE
KW  - CELL
KW  - CELL LUNG-CANCER
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - choice
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - content
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision aids
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Impact
KW  - implementation
KW  - Information
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - Ireland
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LUNG
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - LUNG-CANCER
KW  - Manager
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Participation
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - practice
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - prostate
KW  - Prostate Cancer
KW  - PROSTATE-CANCER
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - RISK COMMUNICATION
KW  - Science
KW  - shared decision making
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 265
EP  - 273
JF  - Patient Education and Counseling
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
N2  - Decision aids are tools intended to help patients with decisions about their health-care. We have developed three decision aids to help patients with treatment decisions for: locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), advanced non-small cell lung cancer (A-NSCLC), and early-stage prostate cancer (ES-PC). In developing the aids, we carried out studies to provide them with an empirical basis, and to evaluate their potential for impact. In this paper we report results that challenge common assumptions and typical practice that currently occurs in the development of decision aids. The challenges relate to: how the content of the aid is defined, how the information is presented, how to incorporate decision aids into the dynamic, complex process of making such decisions, and how to evaluate the aids. We conclude that critical appraisal of issues related to the design and implementation of decision aids is required. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0738-3991
AV  - Queens Univ, Inst Canc Res, Div Canc Care & Epidemiol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000223872100004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1951
T1  - Psoriasis assessment tools in clinical trials 758
A1  - Feldman,S.R.
A1  - Krueger,G.G.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Feldman, SR, Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA sfeldman@wfubmc.edu 24 6 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND ANN RHEUM DIS MAR Suppl. 2 Discipline: Rheumatology 902CL
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Disease Activity
KW  - DISEASE-ACTIVITY
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ETANERCEPT
KW  - GLOBAL ASSESSMENT
KW  - Impact
KW  - INFLIXIMAB
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - Life
KW  - London
KW  - Monotherapy
KW  - NEED
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - psoriasis
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - Recognition
KW  - RHEUMATOLOGY
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - SEVERITY INDEX
KW  - SKIN
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 65
EP  - 68
JF  - Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
VL  - 64
N2  - In clinical practice, broad global assessments of psoriasis disease activity and its effect on patients' quality of life are used to assess the severity of patients' disease and their response to treatment. In clinical trials, more objective, validated instruments are required. Several such instruments have been developed and continue to be developed to provide an assessment of the severity of the skin lesions. Because a lesion's impact on patients' lives varies widely among patients, there has been growing recognition of the need to measure the quality of life impact of the disease along with the severity of the lesions
SN  - 0003-4967
AV  - Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
UR  - ISI:000227328900017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1952
T1  - Others and the problem of community 202
A1  - Fendler,L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Fendler, L, Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA 70 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND CURRICULUM INQ FAL Discipline: Education & Educational Research 081WU
KW  - AGENDA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - challenge
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - Conversation
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - diversity
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - Educational Theories
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Feminism
KW  - Into
KW  - Justice
KW  - LEARNERS
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - meanings
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Paper
KW  - person
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - social justice
KW  - SOLIDARITY
KW  - STATE
KW  - Teachers
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - USA
KW  - values
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VIEWS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 303
EP  - 326
JF  - Curriculum Inquiry
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
N2  - Community building has been a key concern for a wide array of educational projects. Recently, educational theories concerned about social justice have begun to challenge assumptions about community in U.S. education by criticizing its tendencies toward assimilation and homogeneity. Such theories point out that a communitarian agenda excludes the Other, the stranger, or the person of difference. This paper analyzes various conflicting constructions of community in current U.S. education literature, including the establishment of common values in schools, the attempt to integrate racially diverse views into educational discourse, and the exhortation for political solidarity within underrepresented groups. I analyze the construction of community and suggest that community has three distinct strands of meaning: the appeal to "third way" kinds of compromise, the appeal to solidarity for empowerment, and the appeal of emotional bonding. After providing examples of these three strands, I argue that current definitions and assumptions about community building can be politically dangerous insofar as differences are appropriated, assimilated, or excluded. Finally, by bringing some examples from feminism and postcolonialism into conversation with education, I suggest that problematizing the idea of community allows for critical appraisal of the meanings of community and difference, commonality, and diversity
SN  - 0362-6784
AV  - Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
UR  - ISI:000240349100004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1953
T1  - Competency-based occupational standards: Influences on Australian speech pathology education 479
A1  - Ferguson,A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Ferguson, A, Univ Newcastle, Fac Educ & Arts, Speech Pathol Discipline, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia Alison.Ferguson@newcastle.edu.au 17 0 KARGER BASEL ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND FOLIA PHONIATR LOGOPAED Discipline: Rehabilitation 996JM
KW  - Accreditation
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Arts
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - Competency-Based Education
KW  - content
KW  - Copyright
KW  - Coverage
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - Government
KW  - Influences
KW  - Learning
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - occupational standards
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Professional education
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - SPEECH
KW  - speech pathology
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 31
JF  - Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
N2  - Speech Pathology Australia developed competency-based occupational standards in response to a national government initiative across all professions and these standards have formed the basis for the accreditation process of speech pathology education programmes in Australia since 1994. This paper presents a critical appraisal of the contribution of a competency framework to curricular design, focussing on both content coverage and teaching methodologies. Also, the assessment of learning promoted through a competency-based framework is considered in relation to models of critical thinking. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
SN  - 1021-7762
AV  - Univ Newcastle, Fac Educ & Arts, Speech Pathol Discipline, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Univ Newcastle, Fac Educ & Arts, Program Convenor, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000234170200004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1954
T1  - Applying evidence-based health care to musculoskeletal patients as an educational strategy for chiropractic interns (a one-group pretest-posttest study) 992
A1  - Fernandez,C.E.
A1  - Delaney,P.M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Fernandez, CE, So Calif Univ Hlth Sci, Los Angeles Coll Chiropract, POB 1160,16200 E Amber Valley Dr, Whittier, CA 90609 USA cfernandezdc@hotmail.com 41 1 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA J MANIP PHYSIOL THER MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation 822NH
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - activity
KW  - Administration
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ASSIGNMENT
KW  - ASSIGNMENTS
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Average
KW  - California
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - College
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Science
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - Impact
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theories
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Pretest Posttest Design
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Prevention
KW  - qualitative
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - self-assessment
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Southern California University
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TESTS
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - VALLEY
KW  - values
KW  - WILL
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 261
JF  - Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: To describe and measure the effectiveness of a problem-based educational strategy for teaching evidence-based health care (EBHC) to chiropractic interns, which focused on the development and appraisal of answerable clinical questions using actual musculoskeletal patients. Methods: A 1-group pretest-posttest design (simple panel design) with investigator-blinded survey administration was used to measure effectiveness of educational activities using adult learning theory with a study Population of interns (n = 31) at a chiropractic college (Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, Southern California University of Health Sciences [LACC/SCUHS]) teaching clinic. Activities included 2 workshops on constructing clinical questions and critical appraisal of published research and independent patient-based EBHC assignments. A qualitative self-assessment survey was administered before and after a 6-week period of EBHC activities to measure their effectiveness. Sign tests and paired t tests were utilized to determine P values for significant difference of score results. Results: Eighty-one percent of subjects completed the pretest-posttest surveys. All Survey item responses showed an average increase in subjects' self-rating of skills and attitudes from pretest to posttest. There were statistically significant differences in interns' self-assessed ability to construct an answerable clinical question and appraise research articles and apply them to patient management, as well as their rating of importance of EBHC in patient decision making. Conclusions: The results Of this Study suggest that having chiropractic interns apply EBHC to actual musculoskeletal patients along with attending EBHC workshops had a positive impact on interns' perceived ability to practice EBHC
SN  - 0161-4754
AV  - So Calif Univ Hlth Sci, Los Angeles Coll Chiropract, Whittier, CA 90609 USA.
UR  - ISI:000221546400005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1955
T1  - Beta cell function and its relation to insulin action in humans: a critical appraisal 988
A1  - Ferrannini,E.
A1  - Mari,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Ferrannini, E, Univ Pisa, Dept Internal Med, Sch Med, Via Savi 8, I-56126 Pisa, Italy ferranni@ifc.cnr.it 57 26 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA DIABETOLOGIA MAY Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 825BQ
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - AFRICAN-AMERICANS
KW  - allostasis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CELL
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical tests
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - DOSE-RESPONSE
KW  - DYSFUNCTION
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - experiments
KW  - GLUCOSE
KW  - glucose tolerance
KW  - GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE
KW  - GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE TEST
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - hyperbola paradigm
KW  - IN-VIVO
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - insulin
KW  - insulin action
KW  - Insulin Resistance
KW  - insulin secretion
KW  - Insulin Sensitivity
KW  - INSULIN-RESISTANCE
KW  - INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE
KW  - Italy
KW  - Measurement
KW  - metabolism
KW  - MINIMAL MODEL
KW  - NATURAL-HISTORY
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NON-HISPANIC WHITES
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - Resistance
KW  - RESISTANCE ATHEROSCLEROSIS
KW  - Responses
KW  - SECRETION
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - specificity
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - survey
KW  - Technique
KW  - TESTS
KW  - USA
KW  - varieties
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 943
EP  - 956
JF  - Diabetologia
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
N2  - The importance of both insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance is widely recognised. Also popular is the concept that beta cell secretory function must be viewed in the context of extant insulin resistance. This For Debate moves from the premise that, whilst insulin action in vivo can be measured directly by a variety of essentially coherent techniques, measurement of beta cell function is more problematic. We therefore concisely survey the principal in vivo techniques that explore the diverse aspects of beta cell function and conclude that: (i) inter-correlation of clinical tests is only modest in non-diabetic subjects and poor in diabetic individuals; (ii) no single clinical test allows beta cell function to be assessed with accuracy and specificity comparable to those of insulin sensitivity; and (iii) short of complex experiments, mathematical modelling is necessary to interpret insulin secretory responses. Next we discuss the hyperbola paradigm used to describe the reciprocal relation of beta cell function to insulin sensitivity and suggest that: (i) insulin responses reflecting the basal beta cell tone are indeed inversely related to insulin action across degrees of glucose intolerance; (ii) modes of beta cell function that selectively reflect the dynamic response to acutely changing glucose concentrations are largely independent of insulin action; and (iii) when measured by experiment or resolved by modelling, quantitatively the most important of these dynamic secretion parameters is the glucose dose-response curve (glucose sensitivity). In fact, glucose excursions following glucose ingestion (i.e. glucose tolerance) are best explained by dynamic parameters of beta cell function
SN  - 0012-186X
AV  - Univ Pisa, Dept Internal Med, Sch Med, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, CNR, Sch Med, Inst Clin Physiol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. CNR, Inst Biomed Engn, Padua, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000221731400022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1956
T1  - Critical appraisal of available thermodynamic data for the complexation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) by low molecular mass organic ligands 505
A1  - Filella,M.
A1  - May,P.M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Filella, M, Univ Geneva, Dept Inorgan Analyt & Appl Chem, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland montserrat.filella@cabe.unige.ch 61 0 ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY CAMBRIDGE THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND J ENVIRON MONIT Discipline: Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences 986OG
KW  - ALPHA-HYDROXY ACIDS
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AQUEOUS SOLUTION
KW  - Article
KW  - ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY
KW  - Attention
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - biological
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Program
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL DETERMINATION
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - HYDRIDE GENERATION
KW  - INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA
KW  - interest
KW  - Into
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NATURAL-WATERS
KW  - Paper
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - reports
KW  - Science
KW  - Solutions
KW  - SOLVENT-EXTRACTION
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - TRIVALENT ANTIMONY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1226
EP  - 1237
JF  - Journal of Environmental Monitoring
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
N2  - Antimony is an element of increasing environmental significance but one whose chemical speciation has received little attention and, until recently, one which had not been modelled in any comprehensive way. This paper reports thermodynamic data for computer speciation models of antimony in aqueous, multicomponent solutions of environmental and biological interest involving low molecular mass organic ligands. The available data have been critically evaluated and entered into a thermodynamic database. The JESS suite of computer programs has been used to develop the thermodynamically-consistent mass balance equations used for modelling purposes. No data could be found for Sb( V) complexes and only a few of the existing data for Sb( III) complexes can be considered as being reliably described
SN  - 1464-0325
AV  - Univ Geneva, Dept Inorgan Analyt & Appl Chem, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Murdoch Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Div Sci & Engn, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000233459000014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1957
T1  - How to teach evidence-based surgery 655
A1  - Fingerhut,A.
A1  - Borie,F.
A1  - Dziri,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Fingerhut, A, Ctr Hosp Intercommunal, Gastroenterol & Gen Surg Unit, Poissy, France AbeFinger@aol.com 24 2 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA WORLD J SURGERY MAY Discipline: Surgery 935RP
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Computer
KW  - Concepts
KW  - conflict
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - Countries
KW  - COURSES
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - EVIDENCE-BASED SURGERY
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - France
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - Learning
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Translating
KW  - TREAT
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 592
EP  - 595
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
N2  - The objectives of teaching evidence-based surgery (EBS) are to inform and convince that EBS is a method of interrogation, reasoning, appraisal, and application of information to guide physicians in their decisions to best treat their patients. Asking the right, answerable questions, translating them into effective searches for the best evidence, critically appraising evidence for its validity and importance, and then integrating EBS with their patients' values and preferences are daily chores for all surgeons. Teaching and learning EBS should be patient-centered, learner-centered, and active and interactive. The teacher should be a model for students to become an expert clinician who is able to match and take advantage of the clinical setting and circumstances to ask and to answer appropriate questions. The process is multistaged. Teaching EBS in small groups is ideal. However, it is time-consuming for the faculty and must be clearly and formally structured. As well, evidence-based medicine (EBM) courses must cater to local institutional needs, must receive broad support from the instructors and the providers of information (librarians and computer science faculty), use proven methodologies, and avoid scheduling conflicts. In agreement with others, we believe that the ideal moment to introduce the concepts of EBM into the curriculum of the medical student is early, during the first years of medical school. Afterward, it should be continued every year. When this is not the case, as in many countries, it becomes the province of the surgeon in teaching hospitals, whether they are at the university, are university-affiliated, or not, to fulfill this role
SN  - 0364-2313
AV  - Ctr Hosp Intercommunal, Gastroenterol & Gen Surg Unit, Poissy, France. Hop St Eloi, Gastroenterol & Gen Surg Unit, F-34295 Montpellier, France. Hop Charles Nicolle, Emergency Surg Unit, Tunis, Tunisia.
UR  - ISI:000229801400011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1958
T1  - Overcoming barriers and promoting the use of research in practice 735
A1  - Fink,R.
A1  - Thompson,C.J.
A1  - Bonnes,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Fink, R, Univ Colorado Hosp, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box A021-255, Denver, CO 80262 USA regina.fink@uch.edu 35 14 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J NURS ADMIN MAR Discipline: Nursing 909FJ
KW  - Administration
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Colorado
KW  - critical
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - healthcare
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Attitudes
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizational Culture
KW  - organizational strategies
KW  - Organizations
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - PATIENT OUTCOMES
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - research culture
KW  - Research Utilization
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - utilization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
EP  - 129
JF  - Journal of Nursing Administration
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
N2  - Objectives: To identify changes in nurse attitudes toward research utilization and the organization's research environment preimplementation and postimplementation of a multifaceted intervention to promote the use of research in practice. Background: Nursing practice based on research evidence has been shown to promote positive patient outcomes. Personal characteristics such as positive attitudes and involvement have been positively correlated with research utilization. Organizational culture is a determinant of nurses' use of research in practice. Healthcare organizations must develop a supportive environment in an effort to attract nurses who share a similar philosophy to positively influence the organization's research culture and ultimately the care patients receive. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, presurvey and postsurvey design was used to identify inpatient nurses' personal and professional characteristics, perceptions of organizational culture, and the effectiveness of organizational strategies. Baseline and post implementation data were collected using the BARRIERS to Research Utilization Scale and the Research Factor Questionnaire. Results: There was improvement in nurses' perception of barriers and organizational culture postimplementation of the multifaceted intervention. Journal club participation was one of the key strategies that facilitated research utilization. Conclusions: Moving research findings into practice is important for the nursing profession. Barriers to the use of research findings in practice must be modified. A dialogue between administration and staff about how to remove the barriers is critical
SN  - 0002-0443
AV  - Univ Colorado Hosp, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Nursing, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
UR  - ISI:000227845500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1959
T1  - Psychiatry residents' participation in research - A survey of attitudes and experience 1774
A1  - Fitz-Gerald,M.J.
A1  - Kablinger,A.
A1  - Manno,B.
A1  - Carter,O.S.
A1  - Caldito,G.
A1  - Smith,S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Fitz-Gerald, MJ, Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA 18 3 AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC WASHINGTON 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA ACAD PSYCHIATRY SPR Discipline: Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry 411KX
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Information
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - On
KW  - participation
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychiatry residents
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - research training
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency training
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - STATE
KW  - survey
KW  - thought
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - TRAINING-PROGRAMS
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 42
EP  - 47
JF  - Academic Psychiatry
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - The authors surveyed members of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training (AADPRT) and chief residents of training programs in 1999. (The Residency Review Committee [RRC] requires research training in psychiatry.) The survey gathered information on faculty and resident participation in research,attitudes, presentations and/or publications. The total response rate was 49%. Faculty and residents showed,ecl no significant difference in their residency training in research offering/requirements; however current residents showed greater access to more programs offering research. Ninety-eight percent of respondents indicated that research training should be offered to residents, but only 32% thought that research should be a requirement. Psychiatry residencies continue to require strong leadership in clearly defining acceptable components of strong research programs
SN  - 1042-9670
AV  - Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Shreveport, LA 71130 USA.
UR  - ISI:000167500200011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1960
T1  - Evaluation of interventions 1363
A1  - Fletcher,R.H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Fletcher, RH, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA 43 7 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J CLIN EPIDEMIOL DEC Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 631VQ
KW  - Ambulatory Care
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - content
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - health
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LARGE TRIALS
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - outcome
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Relative
KW  - RESOLUTION
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1190
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.59(11)()(pp 1134-1149), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
VL  - 55
IS  - 12
N2  - The first modern randomized controlled trial was published in 1948, and featured randomly allocated treatment groups, blinded outcome assessment, and a sufficient number of patients. Randomized controlled trials are now accepted as the best possible way to assess the effects of clinical interventions, but good trials sometimes disagree. Although the elements of a credible trial have been defined, the relative importance of these elements to results is not known. Information from clinical trials may be difficult to use in the care of patients if trial outcomes are not patient centered or the conditions of the trial are very different from the situation in clinical practice. Observational studies are often, but not always, an adequate substitute from randomized trials. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses may reveal patterns of results when individual trials do not, and so complement the information content of large trials. When trials disagree, resolution may be found not by from more trials but also from critical appraisal of individual trials, weighing the totality of the evidence, and Bayesian reasoning. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
AV  - Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
UR  - ISI:000180187900007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1961
T1  - Critical appraisal of a conformal head and neck cancer irradiation avoiding electron beams and field matching 2062
A1  - Fogliata,A.
A1  - Cozzi,L.
A1  - Bieri,S.
A1  - Bernier,J.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Fogliata, A, Osped San Giovanni, Radiooncol Dept, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland 19 8 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA INT J RADIAT ONCOL BIOL PHYS DEC 1 Discipline: Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 264WY
KW  - America
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - combined
KW  - Comparative Analysis
KW  - compliance
KW  - CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - conformal therapy
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - Head
KW  - head and neck
KW  - head and neck cancer
KW  - Imaging
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - LARYNX
KW  - LOCALLY ADVANCED HEAD
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NECK CANCER
KW  - NECK-CANCER
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NORMAL TISSUE
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Positioning
KW  - patients
KW  - PHOTON
KW  - PHOTON BEAMS
KW  - Prescription
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - REGION
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - TARGET
KW  - Technique
KW  - tolerance
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment planning technique
KW  - tumor
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - USA
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1331
EP  - 1338
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
N2  - Purpose: In head and neck cancer patients, spinal chains are usually irradiated by a combination of photon and electron beams, requiring high precision in held matching. This study compares a conventional treatment approach where two lateral photon beams are combined to direct electron fields, to a conformal radiotherapy based on five photon fields, covering the whole neck. Methods and Materials: A comparative analysis of dose distributions and dose-volume histograms was carried out in patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors, for which planning target volumes (PTV) were outlined from the base of the skull down to the supraclavicular region. The prescribed dose to PTV (excluding booster irradiation) was 54 Gy, with spinal dose constraint not exceeding 75% of the total dose, whatever the technique. Results: For the new five-field technique, minimum and maximum point doses showed mean deviations, on five patients entered in the study, of 84% and 113% from the ICRU prescription point. In the conventional treatment, the corresponding figures were 73% and 112%, respectively. A positioning error analysis (isocenter displacement of 2 mm, in all directions) did not elicit any systematic difference in five-field treatment plans while hot spots were found with electron fields. Conclusions: The five-field technique appears routinely feasible and compares favorably with the conventional mixed photon- and electron-therapy approach, especially in regard to its better compliance with dose homogeneity requirements and a reduced risk in dose inhomogeneity related to field matching and patient positioning. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc
SN  - 0360-3016
AV  - Osped San Giovanni, Radiooncol Dept, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000084207000034
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1962
T1  - Critical appraisal of treatment techniques based on conventional photon beams, intensity modulated photon beams and proton beams for therapy of intact breast 1502
A1  - Fogliata,A.
A1  - Bolsi,A.
A1  - Cozzi,L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Fogliata, A, Osped San Giovanni Bellinzona, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Phys Unit, Oncol Inst So Switzerland, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland 39 19 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND RADIOTHER ONCOL FEB Discipline: Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 555NY
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - biological
KW  - BREAST
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - breast radiation therapy
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - cardiac
KW  - comparative treatment planning
KW  - COMPENSATION
KW  - conformity
KW  - CONSERVATIVE SURGERY
KW  - CONTRALATERAL BREAST
KW  - Coverage
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - DOSIMETRIC EVALUATION
KW  - English
KW  - Imaging
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - intensity modulated photon therapy
KW  - Ireland
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LUNG
KW  - LYMPH-NODES
KW  - Manager
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PHOTON
KW  - PHOTON BEAMS
KW  - physical
KW  - PROTON
KW  - proton therapy
KW  - RADIATION-THERAPY
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - Reduction
KW  - respect
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - TARGET
KW  - Technique
KW  - TERM
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - three-dimensional conformal therapy
KW  - TISSUE
KW  - Treatment
KW  - UNIT
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
JF  - Radiotherapy and Oncology
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
N2  - Purpose: To analyse different treatment techniques with conventional photon beams, intensity modulated photon beams, and proton beams for intact breast irradiation for patients in whom conventional irradiation would cause potentially dangerous lung irradiation. Material and methods: Five breast cancer patients with highly concave breast tissue volume around the lung were considered at planning level in order to assess the suitability of different irradiation techniques. Three-dimensional dose distributions for conventional two-field tangential photon treatment, two-field intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), three-field non-IMRT, three-field IMRT, and single-held proton treatment were investigated, aiming at assessing the possibility to reduce lung irradiation below risk levels. Analysis of dose-volume histograms and related physical and biological parameters (significant minimum, maximum and mean doses, conformity indexes and equivalent uniform dose (EUD)) for planned target volume (PTV) and lung was carried out. Dose plans were compared with the conventional two-field tangential photon technique. Results: PTV coverage was comparable for non-IMRT and IMRT techniques (EUD from 47.1 to 49.4 Gy), and improved with single-field proton treatment (EUD=49.8 Gy). Lung irradiation was reduced, in terms of mean dose, with three-field (9.5 Gy) and proton technique (3.5 Gy), with respect to the conventional two-field treatment (12.9 Gy): also a reduction of the lung volume irradiated at high doses was observed. Better results could be achieved with protons. In addition, cardiac irradiation was also reduced with those techniques. Conclusions: Geometrically difficult breast cancer patients could be irradiated with a three-field non-IMRT technique thus reducing the dose to the lung which is proposed as standard for this category of patients. Intensity modulated techniques were only marginally more successful than the corresponding non-IMRT treatments, while protons offer excellent results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0167-8140
AV  - Osped San Giovanni Bellinzona, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Phys Unit, Oncol Inst So Switzerland, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Univ Milan, Med Phys Specializat Sch, Milan, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000175801200002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1963
T1  - A critical appraisal of cyclosporine A pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney transplantation using a microemulsion galenic formulation (Neoral) 2341
A1  - Foradori,A.
A1  - Pinto,V.M.
A1  - Elberg,A.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Foradori, A, Catholic Univ Chile, Sch Med, Ctr Diagnost, Clin Labs, Av V Mackenna 4686, Santiago, Chile 10 2 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA TRANSPLANT PROC AUG Discipline: Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation 110ZM
KW  - America
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - children
KW  - Chile
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CYCLOSPORINE
KW  - CYCLOSPORINE-A
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - formulation
KW  - KIDNEY
KW  - Kidney Transplantation
KW  - LIVER-TRANSPLANT
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - pediatric
KW  - PHARMACOKINETICS
KW  - RECIPIENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - Surgery
KW  - transplantation
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1666
EP  - 1667
JF  - Transplantation Proceedings
VL  - 30
IS  - 5
SN  - 0041-1345
AV  - Catholic Univ Chile, Sch Med, Ctr Diagnost, Clin Labs, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, E Gonzales C Hosp, Dept Pediat, Santiago, Chile.
UR  - ISI:000075412900019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1964
T1  - Larynx preservation trials: A critical appraisal 2307
A1  - Forastiere,A.A.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Forastiere, AA, Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Oncol, Div Med Oncol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA 30 6 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SEMIN RADIAT ONCOL OCT Discipline: Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 128KV
KW  - AA
KW  - ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - CISPLATIN
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DNA CONTENT
KW  - English
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Independence
KW  - INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY
KW  - LARYNX
KW  - larynx preservation
KW  - LOCALLY ADVANCED HEAD
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NECK-CANCER
KW  - Oncology
KW  - PRESERVATION
KW  - RADIATION-THERAPY
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TUMOR RESPONSE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 254
EP  - 261
JF  - Seminars in Radiation Oncology
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SN  - 1053-4296
AV  - Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Oncol, Div Med Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA.
UR  - ISI:000076405600005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1965
T1  - Advocacy in practice: The troubled position of advocates in adult services 704
A1  - Forbat,L.
A1  - Atkinson,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Forbat, L, Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Res Families & Relationships, 23 Buccleuch Pl, Edinburgh EH89 LN, Midlothian, Scotland e.forbat@ed.ac.uk 34 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND BRIT J SOC WORK APR Discipline: Social Work 919SK
KW  - Adult
KW  - advocacy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - dilemmas
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PART
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Identity
KW  - professionals
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Scotland
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Worker
KW  - Social Workers
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - supporting advocates
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Use
KW  - values
KW  - VIEW
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
KW  - WORKERS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 321
EP  - 335
JF  - British Journal of Social Work
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
N2  - This paper is a review, and critical appraisal, of the theory and practice of advocacy. Advocacy is not social work, but its principles and values resonate closely to those espoused by the British Association of Social Workers (BASW, 2002). In this paper, we interrogate the assumption that advocacy is necessarily always a positive and enabling experience. Indeed, we suggest that the use of advocacy can be contested from the point of the view of the service user (the advocacy partner(1)), the advocate and from professionals working with advocates (or positioning themselves as advocates). Drawing on recent research that evaluated advocacy services in Nottinghamshire, we discuss some of the key tensions. In particular, we consider the reality of the advocate's role, including where it relates to and differs from social work, and the issue of whether advocacy can be part of what a social worker does anyway. We also review, briefly, the dilemmas arising from professionals acting as advocates, especially in relation to being independent of services
SN  - 0045-3102
AV  - Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Res Families & Relationships, Edinburgh EH89 LN, Midlothian, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000228637700002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1966
T1  - Species sensitivity distributions revisited: A critical appraisal 1513
A1  - Forbes,V.E.
A1  - Calow,P.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Forbes, VE, Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Chem & Life Sci, Univ Vej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 38 33 CRC PRESS LLC BOCA RATON 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA HUM ECOL RISK ASSESSMENT APR Discipline: Environmental Sciences 549VM
KW  - And
KW  - application factors
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - CORPORATE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Denmark
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT
KW  - ENDPOINTS
KW  - English
KW  - extrapolation
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION MODELS
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - LARGE RIVER-RESERVOIR
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Life
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - probabilistic methods
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Science
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - species
KW  - structure
KW  - SURFACE WATERS
KW  - TARGET
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - THRESHOLDS
KW  - TOXICITY DATA
KW  - UNCERTAINTIES
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 473
EP  - 492
JF  - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
N2  - We revisit the assumptions associated with the derivation and application of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). Our questions are (1) Do SSDs clarify or obscure the setting of ecological effects thresholds for risk assessment? and (2) Do SSDs reduce or introduce uncertainty into risk assessment? Our conclusions are that if we could determine a community sensitivity distribution, this would provide a better estimate of an ecologically relevant effects threshold and therefore be an improvement for risk assessment. However, the distributions generated are typically based on haphazard collections of species and endpoints and by adjusting these to reflect more realistic trophic structures we show that effects thresholds can be shifted but in a direction and to an extent that is not predictable. Despite claims that the SSD approach uses all available data to assess effects, we demonstrate that in certain frequently used applications only a small fraction of the species going into the SSD determine the effects threshold. If the SSD approach is to lead to better risk assessments, improvements are needed in how the theory is put into practice. This requires careful definition of the risk assessment targets and of the species and endpoints selected for use in generating SSDs
SN  - 1080-7039
AV  - Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Chem & Life Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2UQ, S Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000175467500003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1967
T1  - Impact of clinical nurse specialists in multiple sclerosis - synthesis of the evidence 1276
A1  - Forbes,A.
A1  - While,A.
A1  - Dyson,L.
A1  - Grocott,T.
A1  - Griffiths,P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Forbes, A, Univ London Kings Coll, Res Primary & Intermediate Care Sect, Florence Nightingale Sch Nursing & Midwifery, James Clerk Maxwell Bldg,Waterloo Rd, London SE1 8WA, England 89 4 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J ADV NURS JUN Discipline: Nursing 676YH
KW  - And
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - ATTRIBUTES
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - chronic
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Nurse Specialists
KW  - content
KW  - data
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based decision-making
KW  - FORCE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Impact
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - MODERATE
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - multiple sclerosis
KW  - MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse specialist
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - overview
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - Population
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Research
KW  - research synthesis
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - strategies
KW  - structure
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - VARIABLES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 442
EP  - 462
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
N2  - Background. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition demanding a broad range of interventions and support. Multiple sclerosis nurse specialists are emerging as a leading force in providing care to this group of patients. Aim. This review aimed to identify and synthesize the evidence on the role of clinical nurse specialists in meeting the care needs of people with multiple sclerosis. Methods. A systematic review of the literature addressing the role of the multiple sclerosis nurse specialist was undertaken. The review examined both the appropriateness and effectiveness of the multiple sclerosis nurse specialist role. The content of each item identified in the review was analysed, examining the structure, process and outcomes variables associated with the role. Materials containing an explicit methodology were critically appraised using established schedules and graded as strong, moderate or weak. The data were then synthesized in tables, thematically and using a quasi-judicial approach called the 'System of Reasoning'. Findings. Fifty-five items were examined and most (53%; n=18) were descriptive in nature. There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the multiple sclerosis nurse role makes a difference to care. However, evidence was found to support current descriptions of the role-meaning? and there appeared to be a good fit between the role and the care needs of people with multiple sclerosis. Conclusion. A systematic overview of the attributes of the multiple sclerosis nurse role is provided which should help service providers, nurses and other professionals consider how multiple sclerosis nurse specialists roles can contribute to the care of people with this condition. While there is little current evidence of effectiveness for the multiple sclerosis nurse specialist role, there is evidence for its appropriateness, although more rigorous primary research is required to test this
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - Univ London Kings Coll, Res Primary & Intermediate Care Sect, Florence Nightingale Sch Nursing & Midwifery, London SE1 8WA, England.
UR  - ISI:000182779800009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1968
T1  - An example of the use of systematic reviews to answer an effectiveness question 1328
A1  - Forbes,D.A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Forbes, DA, Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Nursing, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada 20 2 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA WESTERN J NURS RES MAR Discipline: Nursing 645JX
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMERS
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - DECISION
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - effectiveness questions
KW  - English
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - extraction
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - GUIDES
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Saskatchewan
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TOOL
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - validity tool
KW  - WILL
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 179
EP  - 192
JF  - Western Journal of Nursing Research
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
N2  - Systematic reviews assist nurses, other health care providers, decision makers, and consumers in managing the explosion of health care information by synthesizing valid data and reporting the effects of interventions. Nurses are increasingly using systematic reviews to guide their practice and develop policy. The purpose of the article is to outline the steps involved in conducting a systematic review with examples taken from a systematic review titled "Strategies to Manage the Behavioral Symptoms Associated With Alzheimer's Disease." The steps of a systematic review include: (a) formulating a well-defined question, (b) developing relevance and validity tools, (c) conducting a comprehensive search to retrieve published and unpublished reports, (d) assessing the reports using relevance and validity tools, (e) data extraction, (f) synthesis of the findings, and (g) report writing. Understanding the steps involved in a systematic review will assist nurses in critically appraising reviews and in conducting their own reviews
SN  - 0193-9459
AV  - Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Nursing, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Site Corepresentat Canadian Cochrane Network & Ct, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000180973400005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1969
T1  - Taxonomy and fossils: a critical appraisal 1007
A1  - Forey,P.L.
A1  - Fortey,R.A.
A1  - Kenrick,P.
A1  - Smith,A.B.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Forey, PL, Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England plf@nhm.ac.uk raf@nhm.ac.uk pauk@nhm.ac.uk abs@nhm.ac.uk 94 10 ROYAL SOC LONDON LONDON 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON B APR 29 Discipline: Biology 816AF
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - Biology
KW  - CARE
KW  - Character
KW  - characters
KW  - Classification
KW  - classifications
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - COMBINATIONS
KW  - COMMITMENT
KW  - COMPLETENESS
KW  - completeness of the fossil record
KW  - Concepts
KW  - CONSTRAINTS
KW  - content
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CURVES
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - DIVERSIFICATION
KW  - diversity
KW  - DURATION
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EXTINCTION
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - History
KW  - Imagery
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Into
KW  - LARGE-SCALE
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - maintenance
KW  - Morphology
KW  - Naming
KW  - On
KW  - parataxa
KW  - PART
KW  - PHYLOGENETIC NOMENCLATURE
KW  - problems
KW  - Recognition
KW  - RECORD
KW  - Sampling
KW  - species
KW  - Standard
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - Time
KW  - UNIT
KW  - universal access
KW  - Use
KW  - Web
KW  - WILL
KW  - WORLD
KW  - World Wide Web
KW  - WORLD-WIDE-WEB
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 639
EP  - 653
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences
VL  - 359
IS  - 1444
N2  - Many compendia at the species, genus and family levels document the fossil record, but these are not standardized, nor usually critical in content, and few are available on the World Wide Web. The sampling of the available record is good for organisms with fossilizable parts, but preservational constraints on the entire morphology, life history and geographical distribution lead to difficulties in recognizing and naming species. We recommend abandoning some of the palaeontological species concepts such as chronospecies and stratospecies, and we advocate species recognition based on unique combinations of characters. The compilation of species lists is extremely time consuming, and given the inherent problems we suggest that compilation of generic lists is a more achievable goal because genera are recognized by definitive morphological characters. In calculating taxon duration, care must be taken to distinguish between mono-, para-and polyphyletic groups, the first being the only reliable unit for use in calculating diversity curves. We support the inclusion of fossils into classifications based on Recent organisms, but we recognize some of the problems this may pose for standard Linnaean classifications. Web-based taxonomy is the way forward, having the advantages of speed and currency of information dissemination, universal access with links to primary literature and increasingly sophisticated imagery. These advantages over conventional outlets will only be realized with careful Web design and a commitment to maintenance
SN  - 0962-8436
AV  - Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England.
UR  - ISI:000221082100007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1970
T1  - Social marketing: Should it be used to promote evidence-based health information? 34
A1  - Formoso,G.
A1  - Marata,A.M.
A1  - Magrini,N.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Formoso, G, CeVEAS Ctr Evaluat Effectiveness Hlth Care, Pharmacoepidemiol Unit, Viale L Muratori 201, I-41100 Modena, Italy g.formoso@ausl.mo.it a.marata@ausl.mo.it n.magrini@ausl.mo.it 20 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SOC SCI MED FEB Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical 136PR
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - biomedical
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - context
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based medicines
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Health Knowledge
KW  - implementation
KW  - independent drug information
KW  - Information
KW  - Italy
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Knowledge Level
KW  - knowledge translation
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - Marketing
KW  - Messages
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - READER
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Social Marketing
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - TARGET
KW  - TERM
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 949
EP  - 953
JF  - Social Science & Medicine.1997 Jul; 45(1): 23-33.(80 ref)
J1  - Social Science & Medicine
VL  - 64
IS  - 4
N2  - The implementation of public health knowledge is a complex process; researchers focus on organizational barriers but generally give little attention to the format and validity of relevant information. Primary and secondary papers and practice guidelines should represent valid and relevant sources of knowledge for clinicians and others involved in public health. However, this information is usually targeted at researchers rather than practitioners; it is often not completely intelligible, does not explain what it really adds to existing knowledge or which clinical/organizational context to place it in, and often lacks 'appeal' for those who are less informed. Moreover, this information is sometimes founded on biased research, shaped by sponsors to give scientific plausibility to market-driven messages. A "social marketing" approach can help public health researchers make evidence-based information clear and appealing. The validity and relevance of this information can be explained to target readers in light of their own knowledge levels and in terms of how this information could help their practice. In this paper we analyse the barriers to knowledge transfer that are often inherent in the format of the information, and propose a more User-friendly, enriched and non-research-article format. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0277-9536
AV  - CeVEAS Ctr Evaluat Effectiveness Hlth Care, Pharmacoepidemiol Unit, I-41100 Modena, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000244237100019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1971
T1  - Dividing oceans into pools: strategies for the global analysis of bacterial genes 261
A1  - Fortune,S.M.
A1  - Chase,M.R.
A1  - Rubin,E.J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Fortune, SM, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, 200 Longwood Ave,Armenise 439, Boston, MA 02115 USA sfortune@hsph.harvard.edu 29 1 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS MICROBES INFECT MAY Discipline: Immunology; Microbiology; Virology 066TN
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Article
KW  - bacteria
KW  - bacterial
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - ESCHERICHIA-COLI
KW  - essential
KW  - experiments
KW  - Gene
KW  - genes
KW  - GENOME
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Infection
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LARGE-SCALE
KW  - Literature
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - mutagenesis
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - On
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - question
KW  - READ
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Survival
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS
KW  - USA
KW  - Virulence
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1631
EP  - 1636
JF  - Microbes and Infection
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
N2  - In bacterial pathogenesis, it is often easy to accept the results of large-scale screens without independent verification of the results. How can one critically read this literature? Here we review issues inherent in genome-wide screens in bacteria, focusing on experiments that attempt to comprehensively identify genes required for bacterial growth under specific conditions. Our analysis suggests that the methodologies employed undoubtedly shape the results. It is clear, however, that the question is not which method is better but which provides the data most suited to a given question. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved
SN  - 1286-4579
AV  - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
UR  - ISI:000239253100024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1972
T1  - Oxygen diffusion in sanidine feldspar and a critical appraisal of oxygen isotope-mass-effect measurements in non-cubic materials 2615
A1  - Freer,R.
A1  - Wright,K.
A1  - Kroll,H.
A1  - Gottlicher,J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Freer, R, UNIV MANCHESTER,INST SCI & TECHNOL,CTR MAT SCI,GROSVENOR ST,MANCHESTER M1 7HS,LANCS,ENGLAND 38 3 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE PHIL MAG A FEB Discipline: Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter WH401
KW  - ALKALI FELDSPAR
KW  - Analysis
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - ANORTHITE
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - diffusion
KW  - discipline
KW  - Engineering
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - EXCHANGE
KW  - experiments
KW  - form
KW  - ION
KW  - ION MICROPROBE
KW  - isotopes
KW  - London
KW  - Mathematical Analysis
KW  - MATTER
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurements
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - Methodology
KW  - minerals
KW  - O-17
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - PROFILE
KW  - QUARTZ
KW  - Science
KW  - SELF-DIFFUSION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - Temperature
KW  - TEMPERATURES
KW  - UNCERTAINTIES
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - values
KW  - WATER
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 485
EP  - 503
JF  - Philosophical Magazine A-Physics of Condensed Matter Structure Defects and Mechanical Properties
VL  - 75
IS  - 2
N2  - Oxygen exchange experiments have been performed between single crystals of sanidine feldspar and water enriched in O-17 and O-18; temperatures were in the range 550-850 degrees C and total pressure 1kbar. Oxygen isotope diffusion profiles in a direction perpendicular to (001) were determined with an ion microprobe. The diffusion data for both isotopes followed a single Arrhenius relationship described by D = 3.95 x 10(-12) exp(-109.7 +/- 4kJmol(-1)/RT) m(2)s(-1). Combining concentration-distance data for O-17 and O-18 simultaneously for each profile in the form of a double 'inverse error function plot' enabled the ratio D-17/D-18 Of diffusion coefficients to be obtained directly, and the isotope mass effect E(beta)(alpha) to be estimated. At 550 and 650 degrees C E(beta)(alpha) values were in the range 0.83-1.03, suggesting an interstitial mechanism for oxygen diffusion in sanidine feldspar, although the uncertainties (+/-0.10) do not preclude a vacancy mechanism. A methodology and mathematical analysis has been developed for isotope-mass-effect studies using infinite reservoir geometry, but the degree of precision attainable is limited by analytical techniques and procedures
SN  - 0141-8610
AV  - UNIV MUNSTER,INST MINERAL,D-48149 MUNSTER,GERMANY.
UR  - ISI:A1997WH40100013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1973
T1  - Development of an evaluation of medical student competence in evidence-based medicine using a computer-based OSCE station 271
A1  - Frohna,J.G.
A1  - Gruppen,L.D.
A1  - Fliegel,J.E.
A1  - Mangrulkar,R.S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Frohna, JG, Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Taubman Ctr 3116, Box 0368, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA jfrohna@umich.edu 24 0 LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC MAHWAH 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA TEACH LEARN MED SUM Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 065UO
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - Administration
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Competence
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - instruction
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - Into
KW  - LEARN
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Michigan
KW  - NATIONAL-SURVEY
KW  - On
KW  - OSCE
KW  - PART
KW  - Patient
KW  - question
KW  - Reliability
KW  - School
KW  - school curriculum
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TERM
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - VALIDATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 267
EP  - 272
JF  - Teaching and Learning in Medicine
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
N2  - Background: Instruction in evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been widely incorporated into medical school curricula with little evidence of its effectiveness. Our goal was to create, implement. and validate a computer-based assessment tool that measured medical students' EBM skills. Description: As part of a required objective structured clinical examination, we developed a specific case scenario in which students (a) asked a structured clinical question using a standard framework. (b) generated effective MEDLINE search terms to answer a specific question. and (c) elected the most appropriate of 3 abstracts generated from a search justifying which best applies to the patient scenario. Evaluation: Between the 3 blinded raters, there was very good interrater reliability with 84, 94, and 96% agreement on the scoring for each component. respectively (kappa = .64, .82, and .91, respectively). In addition. students found the station appropriately difficult for their level of training. Conclusions: This computer-based tool appears to measure several EBM skills independently and combines simple administration and scoring. Its generalizability to other cases and settings requires further study
SN  - 1040-1334
AV  - Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Taubman Ctr 3116, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
UR  - ISI:000239185500013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1974
T1  - The Reischauer memo - Mr. Moto, Hirohito, and Japanese American soldiers 1647
A1  - Fujitani,T.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Fujitani, T, Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA 32 0 ROUTLEDGE HANTS CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPT, RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS RG24 8PR, ENGLAND CRIT ASIAN STUD SEP Discipline: Area Studies 476XH
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Asia
KW  - Asian
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DECISION
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Foundations
KW  - Head
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - Into
KW  - Management
KW  - MEMO
KW  - PLACE
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Race
KW  - Race Relations
KW  - Reading
KW  - Retention
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
KW  - war
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 379
EP  - 402
JF  - Critical Asian Studies
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
N2  - This article offers a critical reading of a recently discovered memorandum authored by Edwin O. Reischauer in September 1942. Already at this early date in the war, Reischauer proposed retention of the Japanese emperor as head of a Postwar "puppet regime" that would serve U.S. interests in East Asia. He also argued that Japanese Americans had until then been a "sheer liability" and that the United States could turn them into an "asset" by enlisting them in the U.S. military. He reasoned that Japanese American soldiers would be useful for propaganda purposes - that is, to demonstrate to the world and particularly the "yellow and brown peoples" that the United States was not a racist nation, The article interrogates the racial thinking behind such utilitarian proposals for the Japanese emperor and Japanese Americans and considers the memorandum within the broader context of the wartime foundations of the postwar U.S.-Japan relationship, the characteristics of postwar Japanese studies, the decision to mobilize Japanese Americans as soldiers, and the shifting place of Japanese Americans in the management of U.S. race relations during and after the war
SN  - 1467-2715
AV  - Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
UR  - ISI:000171253700003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1975
T1  - Teaching for statistical literacy and services of statistics agencies 1184
A1  - Gal,I.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Gal, I, Univ Haifa, Dept Human Serv, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel 41 0 AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC ALEXANDRIA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA AMER STATIST MAY Discipline: Statistics & Probability 714CY
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS
KW  - Israel
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literacy
KW  - media
KW  - NEED
KW  - numeracy
KW  - official statistics
KW  - On
KW  - Probability
KW  - PRODUCTS
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - Statistics
KW  - statistics education
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 80
EP  - 84
JF  - American Statistician
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
N2  - Increasing attention is given to the importance of developing statistical literacy of citizens and students. This article examines approaches to teaching for statistical literacy and identifies areas that need attention, in light of limitations on skill transfer and reliance on exemplars that illustrate problematic reports in the media. The article discusses the potential role of products of statistics agencies in education for statistical literacy. Implications for needed collaboration between educators and statistics agencies and for research are examined
SN  - 0003-1305
AV  - Univ Haifa, Dept Human Serv, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel.
UR  - ISI:000184895800003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1976
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical performance measures in Germany 1285
A1  - Geraedts,M.
A1  - Selbmann,H.K.
A1  - Ollenschlaeger,G.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Geraedts, M, Univ Dusseldorf, Sch Med, Publ Hlth Program, POB 10 10 07, D-40001 Dusseldorf, Germany 13 4 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND INT J QUAL HEALTH CARE FEB Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services 669TC
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CARE
KW  - Checklist
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical performance measure
KW  - content
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - Measurement
KW  - method
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - Performance
KW  - Performance measures
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - PRODUCTS
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - quality indicator
KW  - quality management
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 85
JF  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - Background. One of the tasks of the Federal Co-ordinating Committee, as part of the self-governing health care system in Germany, is to develop clinical performance measures (CPMs). As these measures generally exert a strong impact on health care delivery, their methodological quality should meet the highest standards. Objective. To develop, for use in the German health care system, methodological quality requirements for CPMs and performance assessment programs. Materials and Methods. We assembled and reviewed internationally available materials on CPMs. From these we prepared lists of requirements for appraising the methodological quality of CPMs and CPM programs. Products. Lists of criteria for use in appraising the appropriateness of the development, content, format and application of CPMs and their value to the health care system for performance measurement; a checklist for assessing the methodological quality of CPMs/CPM programs. Conclusion. The methods applied and the products from this project offer a useful framework for prospective CPM/CPM program developers and set a high threshold for the development of methodologically rigorous clinical performance measurement
SN  - 1353-4505
AV  - Univ Dusseldorf, Sch Med, Publ Hlth Program, D-40001 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Informat Proc, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. German Agcy Qual Med, Cologne, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000182365700012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1977
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and the real world: understanding the controversy 2114
A1  - Ghali,W.A.
A1  - Saitz,R.
A1  - Sargious,P.M.
A1  - Hershman,W.Y.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Ghali, WA, Univ Calgary, Fac Med, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada 33 10 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 229ED
KW  - ACCEPTABILITY
KW  - ADOPTION
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - continuing medical education
KW  - controversies
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mortality
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - practice
KW  - practice of medicine
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - REAL-WORLD
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Teaching
KW  - understanding
KW  - WILL
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 133
EP  - 138
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
N2  - Controversy has surrounded the 'paradigm' of evidence-based medicine since its introduction in 1992 as a new approach to the teaching and practice of medicine. Here, we address two questions: (1) is evidence-based medicine a good thing?; and (2) why has so much controversy arisen? In addressing these questions, we propose that the discussion surrounding evidence-based medicine should no longer be about whether the application of evidence in clinical practice is a good thing, because it obviously is. Instead, the debate ought to focus on the more difficult question of how to enhance its acceptability among busy clinicians practising in the 'real world'. For the future, we optimistically anticipate an enhanced adoption of evidence-based medicine, as clinicians will become increasingly capable of efficiently accessing existing and forthcoming evidence resources
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Univ Calgary, Dept Med & Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000082179800006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1978
T1  - A critical appraisal of the use of Internet for calculating cardiovascular risk 1657
A1  - Gillois,P.
A1  - Colombet,I.
A1  - Dreau,H.
A1  - Degoulet,P.
A1  - Chatellier,G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Gillois, P, Hop Broussais, Dept Med Informat, F-75014 Paris, France 16 0 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA J AMER MED INFORM ASSOC Suppl. S Discipline: Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics 458RA
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - based medicine
KW  - Calculation
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Risk
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - Computer
KW  - Concepts
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FRAMINGHAM
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - GUIDES
KW  - health
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Internet
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Prediction
KW  - quality
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - testing
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - Web
KW  - WORLD-WIDE-WEB
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 775
EP  - 779
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.2005 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 207-16.(35 ref)
J1  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
N2  - This paper aims to retrieve and evaluate the quality of the Internet sites providing information on cardiovascular risk. We searched web pages related to risk prediction using six search engines. Sites proposing a cardiovascular risk prediction were selected for evaluation, The quality of each site was checked against criteria testing the validity, type and potential usefulness of information for physicians or patients. Search engines retrieved about 50 10(6) web pages. Eight sites were included. Only 2 of them provided calculation of cardiovascular risk based on Framingham equation. The others proposed algorithms, guidelines, or general information on cardiovascular health. Most sites lacked details to ensure quality of information. Present search engines are inefficient to retrieve precise and valid information. Facing the inflation of medical information, a systematic approach to validate the quality of a site is mandatory. Application of Evidence Based Medicine concepts gives a solution for evaluation of internet-based medical information
SN  - 1067-5027
AV  - Hop Broussais, Dept Med Informat, F-75014 Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000170207300159
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1979
T1  - Perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing research findings in the Irish practice setting 907
A1  - Glacken,M.
A1  - Chaney,D.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Glacken, M, Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nursing & Midwifery Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland glackenm@tcd.ie 36 4 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN NURS SEP Discipline: Nursing 847OM
KW  - accredited
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Authority
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - College
KW  - COMMITMENT
KW  - consent
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading skills
KW  - daily practice
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - facilitators
KW  - GAP
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - implementation
KW  - Information
KW  - Informed Consent
KW  - INFORMED-CONSENT
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Management
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - MIDWIVES
KW  - Model
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - NURSING-RESEARCH
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Organization
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Privacy
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading skill
KW  - reading skills
KW  - READING-SKILLS
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Registered Nurses
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Republic of Ireland
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH AWARENESS
KW  - Research Utilization
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - survey
KW  - TERM
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 731
EP  - 740
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
N2  - Background. Studies have consistently demonstrated that nurses are increasingly recognizing the role research has to play in their daily practice. Despite this recognition the actual application of research findings in the practice setting is still poor. To date, the barriers to implementing research findings in the Republic of Ireland's practice setting have not been explored empirically. This study sought to address this gap. Aims. The aims of this study were to ascertain what Registered Nurses practising in the Republic of Ireland perceive as barriers to the implementation of research findings in the practice setting and to explore what they perceive would facilitate them in using research findings in their daily practice. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Methods. A non-probability strategy was employed with all Registered Nurses who commenced a nursing-focused academic course accredited by the University of Dublin, Trinity College, between September 2001 and February 2002 invited to participate. The ethical rights of the participants in terms of anonymity, privacy and informed consent were assured through a number of mechanisms. Data were collected via the Barriers scale. Findings. Eight of the top 10 ranked barriers were organization centred. The top barrier was a perception of insufficient authority to instigate change in the practice setting. The perceived key facilitators to implementing research findings included protected time for retrieval and evaluation of research findings, instrumental support from management, informed supportive personnel in the practice settings and accessible educational opportunities to augment critical reading skills. Relevance to clinical practice. The Irish Government is committed to provide the people of Ireland with an evidence-based health service. From a nursing perspective the findings of this study indicate that a number of strategies have to be introduced or enhanced in the practice settings before this commitment can be realized
SN  - 0962-1067
AV  - Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nursing & Midwifery Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Ulster, Sch Nursing, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland.
UR  - ISI:000223404800010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1980
T1  - A critical appraisal tool for library and information research 151
A1  - Glynn,L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Glynn, L, Mem Univ Newfoundland, MLIS Hlth Sci Lib, St John, NF, Canada lglynn@mun.ca 15 1 EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED BRADFORD 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND LIBR HI TECH Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 098IF
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - appraisal tool
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - Canada
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information professionals
KW  - Information Science
KW  - interest
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Librarianship
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 387
EP  - 399
JF  - Library Hi Tech
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
N2  - Purpose - As the interest in evidence-based librarianship increases, so does the need for a standardized practice methodology. One of the-most essential components of EBL, critical appraisal, has not been fully established within the library literature. The purpose of this paper is to outline and describe a thorough critical appraisal tool and process that can be applied to library and information research in an evidence based setting. Design/methodology/approach - To create a critical appraisal tool for EBL, it was essential to look at other models. Exhaustive searches were carried out in several databases. Numerous articles were retrieved which provided "evidence" or "best practice" based on a critical appraisal. The initial tool, when created, was distributed to several librarians who provided comments to the author regarding its exhaustiveness, ease of use and applicability and was subsequently revised to reflect their suggestions and comments. Findings - The critical appraisal tool provides a thorough, generic list of questions that one would ask when attempting to determine the validity, applicability and appropriateness of a study. Originality/value - More rigorous research and publishing will be encouraged as more librarians and information professionals adopt the practice of EBL and utilize this critical appraisal model
SN  - 0737-8831
AV  - Mem Univ Newfoundland, MLIS Hlth Sci Lib, St John, NF, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000241513500007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1981
T1  - Healthcare technology assessment: Methods, framework, and role in policy making 2312
A1  - Goodman,C.S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Goodman, CS, Lewin Grp, 9302 Lee Highway,Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA cgoodman@lewin.com 81 3 AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY OLD BRIDGE 1816 ENGLISHTOWN RD, STE 101, OLD BRIDGE, NJ 08857 USA AM J MANAG CARE SEP 25 Sp. Iss. SI Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal 129AB
KW  - ACQUISITION
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ATTRIBUTES
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Coverage
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - Functional Status
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Impact
KW  - LEAGUE TABLES
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Organization
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - principles
KW  - Publishing
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SI
KW  - SURVEY SF-36
KW  - Technology
KW  - technology assessment
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - SP200
EP  - SP216
JF  - American Journal of Managed Care
VL  - 4
N2  - This activity is designed for healthcare organization managers and clinicians, particularly those involved in technology-related decisions, including coverage decisions, technology acquisition, practice guideline development, and evidence-based medicine. GOAL To provide a basic understanding of the principles, methods, and systematic framework of healthcare technology assessment. OBJECTIVES 1. Understand the role of healthcare technology assessment in policy making and the technical properties and impact assessed. 2. Become familiar with the categories and basic attributes of methods used in healthcare technology assessment. 3. Comprehend the ten-step framework for conducting a healthcare technology assessment
SN  - 1088-0224
AV  - Lewin Grp, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
UR  - ISI:000076439700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1982
T1  - Critical appraisal of the duplex scanning 1304
A1  - Ahmed,A.S.
A1  - Foley,E.
A1  - Brannigan,A.E.
A1  - Decker,P.A.
A1  - Burke,P.E.
A1  - Grace,P.A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Grace, PA, Midwestern Reg Hosp, Dept Surg, Limerick, Ireland pagrace@eircom.net 7 0 ROYAL ACADEMY MEDICINE DUBLIN 6 KILDARE ST, DUBLIN 2, IRELAND IRISH J MED SCI OCT-DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 658LM
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - ACCIDENT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - carotid arteries
KW  - Carotid Artery
KW  - Carotid Endarterectomy
KW  - CAROTID-ARTERY
KW  - Cerebrovascular Accident
KW  - clinical
KW  - Confusion
KW  - CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - ILL
KW  - Imaging
KW  - indications
KW  - Into
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Record
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - OPEN ACCESS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - RECORD
KW  - STENOSIS
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Syncope
KW  - Ultrasound
KW  - varieties
KW  - Vertigo
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 191
EP  - 192
JF  - Irish Journal of Medical Science.Vol.171(4)()(pp 191-192), 2002.
J1  - Irish Journal of Medical Science
VL  - 171
IS  - 4
N2  - Aims To evaluate the indications for carotid arterial imaging in an open access vascular laboratory. To identify those symptoms predictive of >50% stenosis of the carotid artery in order to reduce unnecessary imaging. To test the hypothesis that duplex scanning would not be of significant benefit in the management of those patients with ill defined symptoms. Methods We compared the outcome of carotid duplex scanning performed on 816 consecutive patients referred for a variety of clinical indications. The medical records of 816 patients were retrospectively analysed to identify the clinical indication for carotid duplex imaging over a three-year period (1997-9). Results The indications for duplex imaging were divided into two groups: definite carotid symptoms, n=350 (transient ischaemic attack n=205, cerebrovascular accident n=66, amaurosis fugax n=49, dysphasia n=30); and non-carotid symptoms, n=466 (dizziness n=63, syncope n=63, confusion n=20, vertigo n=10 and others n=310). Less than 5% of those with definite carotid symptoms and 2% of those with ill-defined symptoms had a stenosis >80%. Conclusion Regardless of symptoms, 14% and 2.9% of patients referred for carotid duplex imaging have a stenosis of greater than or equal to50% and greater than or equal to80%, respectively. Patients without definite carotid symptoms are of low priority for duplex imaging
SN  - 0021-1265
AV  - Midwestern Reg Hosp, Dept Vasc Surg, Limerick, Ireland. Univ Limerick, Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Limerick, Ireland.
UR  - ISI:000181722500002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1983
T1  - Teaching evidence-based medical care: Description and evaluation 1660
A1  - Grad,R.
A1  - Macaulay,A.C.
A1  - Warner,M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Grad, R, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish Hosp, Family Practice Ctr, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine Rd,Room E0010, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada 18 11 SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE LEAWOOD 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA FAM MED SEP Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 470GU
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Doctors
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Information
KW  - INFORMATION MASTER
KW  - interest
KW  - Into
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - MEDICAL-CARE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Searching
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Self Assessment
KW  - self-assessment
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 602
EP  - 606
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 33
IS  - 8
N2  - Background and Objectives: This paper describes and evaluates several Years of a seminar series designed to stimulate residents to seek evidence-based answers to their clinical questions and incorporate this evidence into practice. Methods: At the first session, 86 of 89 (97%) residents completed a baseline needs assessment questionnaire. Post-course self-assessment questionnaires measured change,from the first to the final seminar session in six domains of interest and skill, as well as residents' preferred sources of information for clinical problem solving up to 2 years after the course. Results: Before the seminars, 48% of residents reported that textbooks were their most important source of information for solving clinical problems. A total of 58 of 75 (77%) residents completed the first post-course questionnaire. Residents reported significant increases it? skill at formulating clinical questions and searching for evidence-based answers, appraising reviews, and deciding when and how to incorporate new findings into practice. Use of secondary sources of information such cis "Best Evidence," moved up in importance from before the course to after the course. Conclusions: First-year family practice residents who completed our seminar series have reported increased skill at blending consideration of a clinical problem with the use of secondary sources of information to access evidence to support their health care decisions
SN  - 0742-3225
AV  - McGill Univ, Herzl Family Practice Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000170863200009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1984
T1  - Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations in general thoracic surgery 819
A1  - Graham,A.J.
A1  - Gelfand,G.
A1  - McFadden,S.D.
A1  - Grondin,S.C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Graham, AJ, Foothills Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1403 29th St, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada andrew.graham@calgaryhealthregion.ca 28 1 CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OTTAWA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA CAN J SURG DEC Discipline: Surgery 879BU
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - CELL LUNG-CANCER
KW  - Centre for Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - Consensus
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - ESOPHAGEAL-CARCINOMA
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FUNDOPLICATION
KW  - grades
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IF
KW  - INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA
KW  - Into
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Ontario
KW  - POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Sample
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SERIES
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 461
EP  - 465
JF  - Canadian Journal of Surgery
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
N2  - Objectives: To determine the grades of recommendations and levels of evidence available if the formal practice of evidence-based medicine is applied to general thoracic surgery. Methods: Three general thoracic surgeons, by consensus, developed a sample of 10 clinically important questions. The first 3 steps of evidence-based medicine ( creation of answerable clinical questions, search for best external evidence, and critical appraisal of literature) were performed. Abstracts and appropriate articles were identified through Medline from January 1999 through December 2001. A hierarchical series of search strategies was employed to identify the best level of evidence. The best evidence found was categorized according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine into 4 grades of recommendations (A-D) and 5 levels of evidence (1-5). Results: The best evidence found for the 10 sample questions was categorized as grade A recommendations in 5 and grade B, also in 5 questions. The levels of evidence found were 1a in 3 studies, 1b in 5, and 2b in 2. Conclusions: A formal evidence-based-medicine approach to general thoracic surgery found the grades of recommendation and levels of evidence for a sample of clinically important questions to be high
SN  - 0008-428X
AV  - Univ Calgary, Div Thorac Surg, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000225692200013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1985
T1  - Impact of an evidence-based medicine curriculum based on adult learning theory 2474
A1  - Green,M.L.
A1  - Ellis,P.J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Green, ML, Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Primary Care Residency Program, Dept Internal Med, Waterbury, CT 06721 USA 50 50 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YM326
KW  - ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - adult learning theory
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - Competence
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CT
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - DOMAINS
KW  - EBM
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based medicine (EBM)
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - Impact
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - intervention
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Theories
KW  - Learning Theory
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurements
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - TEACHING CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Technique
KW  - TEXT
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Training
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 742
EP  - 750
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
N2  - OBJECTIVE:To develop and implement. an evidence-based medicine (EBM) curriculum and determine its effectiveness in improving residents' EBM behaviors and skills. DESIGN:Description of the curriculum and a multifaceted evaluation, including a pretest-posttest controlled trial. SETTING: University-based primary care internal medicine residency program. PARTICIPANTS: Second-and third-gear internal medicine residents (N = 34). INTERSVENTIONS: A 7-week EBM curriculum in which residents work through the steps of evidence-based decisions for their own patients. Based on adult learning theory, the educational strategy included a resident-directed tutorial format, use of real clinical encounters, and specific EBM facilitating techniques for faculty. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Behaviors and self-assessed competencies in EBM were measured with questionnaires. Evidence-based medicine skills were assessed with a 17-point test, which required free text responses to questions based on a clinical vignette and a test article. After the intervention, residents participating in the curriculum (case subjects) increased their use of original studies to answer clinical questions, their examination of methods and results sections of articles, and their self-assessed EBM competence in three of five domains of EBM, while the control subjects did not. The case subjects significantly improved their scores on the EBM skills test (8.5 to 11.0, p = .001), while the control subjects did not (8.5 to 7.1, p = .09). The difference in the posttest scores of the two groups was 3.9 points (p = .001. 95% confidence interval 1.9, 5.9). CONCLUSIONS:An EBM curriculum based on adult learning theory improves residents' EBM skills and certain EBM behaviors. The description and multifaceted evaluation can guide medical educators involved in EBM training
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Yale Univ, Sch Med, Yale Primary Care Residency Program, Dept Internal Med, Waterbury, CT 06721 USA.
UR  - ISI:000071052400003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1986
T1  - Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade 1738
A1  - Green,B.N.
A1  - Johnson,C.D.
A1  - Adams,A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Green, BN, Palmer Coll Chiropract W, 90 E Tasman Dr, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 57 0 ATWOOD PUBLISHING, L L C OVERLAND PK 11600 COLLEGE BOULEVARD, OVERLAND PK, KS 66210 USA J SPORT CHIROPRACTIC REHAB MAR Discipline: Sport Sciences 427NJ
KW  - And
KW  - APPLYING OVERVIEWS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Authorship
KW  - BEDSIDE
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Chiropractic
KW  - College
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - computerized
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - English
KW  - HAND
KW  - IF
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - instruction
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Literature Reviews
KW  - manuscripts
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - OBJECTIVITY
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - overview
KW  - Paper
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research process
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Sport
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - STATE
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TEXT
KW  - texts
KW  - trade
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 19
JF  - Journal of Sports Chiropractic & Rehabilitation.2001 Mar; 15(1): 5-19, 53-4.(32 ref)
J1  - Journal of Sports Chiropractic & Rehabilitation
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - objective: To describe and discuss the process used to write a narrative review of the literature for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The JSCR wishes to standardize its publication of narrative overviews of the literature to increase their objectivity. background: In the past decade numerous changes in research methodology pertaining to reviews of the literature have occurred. These changes necessitate authors of review articles to be familiar with current standards in the publication process. methods: Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts. discussion: An overview of the use of three types of reviews of the literature is presented. Step by step instructions for how to conduct and write a narrative overview utilizing a 'best-evidence synthesis' approach are discussed, starting with appropriate preparatory work and ending with how to create proper illustrations. Several resources for creating reviews of the literature are presented and a narrative overview critical appraisal worksheet is included. A bibliography of other useful reading is presented in an appendix. conclusion: Narrative overviews can be a valuable contribution to the literature if prepared properly. New and experienced authors wishing to write a narrative overview should find this article useful in constructing such a paper and carrying out the research process. It is hoped that this article will stimulate scholarly dialog amongst colleagues about this research design and other complex literature review methods
SN  - 1084-1288
AV  - Palmer Coll Chiropract W, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.
UR  - ISI:000168412000003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1987
T1  - Pregnancy and working: A critical reading of advice and information on pregnancy and employment 1595
A1  - Gross,H.
A1  - Pattison,H.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Gross, H, Univ Loughborough, Dept Human Sci, Dev Studies Grp, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England 33 1 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND FEM PSYCHOL NOV Discipline: Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Women's Studies 503WL
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Coverage
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - discourses
KW  - Employment
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - health
KW  - Home
KW  - Human
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Information
KW  - investigation
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Magazines
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - NORWAY 1989
KW  - On
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - PREGNANT-WOMEN
KW  - psychology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - representation
KW  - REPRESENTATIONS
KW  - responsibilities
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
KW  - WORKERS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 511
EP  - 525
JF  - Feminism & Psychology.2003 May; 13(2): 159-80.(67 ref)
J1  - Feminism & Psychology
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
N2  - As more women remain in paid employment during pregnancy, women's public role as worker is enacted in parallel with the transition to the private role of mother. Cultural resources, such as books, magazines and other literature, may support this transition and help to identify the expectations of new and changing roles. Information and advice about working contained in such publications may also be implicated in the continuation of public and private beliefs about pregnancy and employment. Investigation of the representations of work in literature available to pregnant women suggests several topics within which material on working can occur; these are health, rights, and work and home. This coverage is discussed in relation to the different discourses of pregnancy, particularly a discourse of responsibility, and how these may position women as workers or mothers
SN  - 0959-3535
AV  - Univ Loughborough, Dept Human Sci, Dev Studies Grp, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Med, Dept Primary Care & Gen Practice, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000172824600004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1988
T1  - A controlled comparison study of the efficacy of training medical students in evidence-based medicine literature searching skills 564
A1  - Gruppen,L.D.
A1  - Rana,G.K.
A1  - Arndt,T.S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Gruppen, LD, Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Towsley Ctr G1113, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA lgruppen@umich.edu 29 1 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA ACAD MED OCT Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 968PL
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - Concepts
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - educational program
KW  - educational programs
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - Impact
KW  - intervention
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - Michigan
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Performance
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - quality
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - SEARCHING SKILLS
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Subject Headings
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - TERM
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Variance
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 940
EP  - 944
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 80
IS  - 10
N2  - Purpose Many educational programs seek to develop skills in evidence-based medicine (EBM). The authors examined the efficacy of teaching the EBM skill of efficiently searching the research literature. They compared students who received brief training in EBM searching skills with those who did not, and assessed the quality of literature searching one month after that training. Method The authors used a nonrandomized control group study design to quantify the impact of a single, brief (two-hour) instructional intervention on EBM-based techniques for searching Medline for evidence related to a clinical problem provided to the students. Ninety-two fourth-year medical students (34 intervention, 58 control) at the University of Michigan participated in a four-week EBM elective between 2001 and 2003. The authors conducted a preintervention assessment of searching skills, followed by a repeat assessment one month after the intervention. Search quality was judged by medical librarians using a structured clinical scenario and scoring algorithm. Results Data for 30 intervention and 40 control students could be analyzed. Intervention students had fewer search errors and correspondingly higher quality searches than did control students. The educational intervention accounted for approximately 8% of the variance in both of these outcomes. The most common search errors were a lack of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) explosion, missing MeSH terms, lack of appropriate limits, failure to search for best evidence, and inappropriate combination of all search concepts. Conclusions This study provides evidence that a single, brief training session can have a marked beneficial effect on the quality of subsequent, short-term EBM literature searching performance outcomes
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Towsley Ctr G1113, Dept Med Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Taubman Med Lib, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
UR  - ISI:000232174400011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1989
T1  - Peripheral nerve tumors: management strategies and molecular insights 893
A1  - Bhattacharyya,A.K.
A1  - Perrin,R.
A1  - Guha,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Guha, A, Toronto Western Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Dept Neurosurg, Div Neurosurg, 2-415 McLaughlin Pavil,399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada Abhijit.Guha@uhn.on.ca 59 2 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL DORDRECHT VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS J NEURO-ONCOL AUG-SEP Discipline: Oncology; Clinical Neurology 854PV
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - biological
KW  - BRACHIAL-PLEXUS
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - ENCAPSULATED NEUROMA
KW  - English
KW  - experimental therapies
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - History
KW  - INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOTUMOR
KW  - Insight
KW  - interest
KW  - investigation
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)
KW  - Management
KW  - MANIFESTATIONS
KW  - Medical Personnel
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - MUTATION-RATE
KW  - nervous system
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - neurofibromatosis (NF)
KW  - NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1
KW  - Neurology
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - peripheral nerve tumor (PNT)
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION
KW  - PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMA
KW  - postoperative
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Relative
KW  - Role
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SHEATH TUMORS
KW  - signaling
KW  - SOFT-TISSUE
KW  - SOLITARY CIRCUMSCRIBED NEUROMA
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TISSUE
KW  - Treatment
KW  - tumor
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - TYPE-1 NF1 GENE
KW  - varieties
KW  - VONRECKLINGHAUSEN NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 335
EP  - 349
JF  - Journal of Neuro-Oncology
VL  - 69
IS  - 1-3
N2  - Because of its relative rarity and a wide variety of clinical manifestations, peripheral nerve tumors (PNTs) often present to specialists from widely different disciplines, thus often resulting in delayed diagnosis and a non-cohesive pattern of management. Critical appraisal of the history and physical examination followed by radiological investigations, by experienced medical personnel, ultimately suggests that the extremity mass is perhaps a PNT, rather than the wide variety and more common soft tissue tumors. Included in this appraisal is a search for a pre-disposition syndrome, the most common of which are neurobromatosis-1 and -2 (NF1, NF2) and schwannomatosis, which may require life-long careful follow up. Intra-operative and post-operative management decisions in a multidisciplinary manner with knowledge of the biological, pathological and clinical behavior of the PNT, is of utmost importance. In the context of pre-disposition syndromes, where multiple tumors may exist along with other nervous system lesions, molecular biological insights and hopefully the biological therapies that stem from this knowledge are of interest. In this article the spectrum of PNTs and their management protocols, including the algorithm for treatment of malignant PNTs advocated by our institute, are presented and currently available genetic insights and probable role of experimental therapies are briefly reviewed
SN  - 0167-594X
AV  - Toronto Western Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Dept Neurosurg, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Toronto Western Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Dept Surg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Toronto Western Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Alan & Susan Hudson Chair Neurooncol, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000223916700024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1990
T1  - A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations 1251
A1  - Gupta,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Gupta, M, McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat, Clin 3G, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 41 23 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 685UC
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - Authority
KW  - basic values
KW  - Bias
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal of research
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Criticism
KW  - definition
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - epistemological assumptions
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - values
KW  - varieties
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 111
EP  - 121
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a concept that has grown to dominate the medical literature over the last decade. EBM has provoked a variety of criticisms, scientific, philosophical and sociological. However, while its basic conclusion - that we should practise EBM - is ethical, there has been limited ethical analysis of EBM. This paper aims to provide an analysis of EBM from an ethical perspective and identify some of EBM's potential ethical implications. Following a description of what constitutes EBM, this paper will identify and assess some of the basic values and epistemological assumptions of EBM that provide support for the moral duty to practise EBM. It will then examine potential ethical implications that could arise from practising EBM, given the challenges that have been made of EBM's assumptions and claims to authority. This paper will conclude by arguing that practitioners could strengthen the ethics of EBM by embracing a broader definition of evidence and including ethical criteria in the critical appraisal of research studies
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat, Clin 3G, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000183280800002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1991
T1  - Critical appraisal in science and technology policy analysis: The example of Science, the endless frontier 2437
A1  - Guston,D.H.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Guston, DH, Rutgers State Univ, Bloustein Sch Planning & Publ Policy, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA 48 4 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL DORDRECHT SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS POLICY SCI NOV Discipline: Planning & Development; Public Administration; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ZA209
KW  - AA
KW  - Administration
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Science
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - STATE
KW  - Technology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 233
EP  - 255
JF  - Policy Sciences
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
SN  - 0032-2687
AV  - Rutgers State Univ, Bloustein Sch Planning & Publ Policy, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
UR  - ISI:000072340300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1992
T1  - Users' Guides to The Medical Literature - XXV. Evidence-based medicine: Principles for applying the Users' Guides to patient care 1896
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
A1  - Jaeschke,R.Z.
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Green,L.
A1  - Naylor,C.D.
A1  - Wilson,M.C.
A1  - Richardson,W.S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Guyatt, GH, McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Room 2C12,1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 42 136 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN SEP 13 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 350WL
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cost
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELICIT
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - GAP
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - GUIDES
KW  - HEART-FAILURE
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - hierarchy of evidence
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - intervention
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NARRATIVE BASED MEDICINE
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERIES
KW  - STATE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USA
KW  - users
KW  - values
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1290
EP  - 1296
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 284
IS  - 10
N2  - This series provides clinicians with strategies and tools to interpret and integrate evidence from published research in their care of patients. The 2 key principles for applying all the articles in this series to patient care relate to the value-laden nature of clinical decisions and to the hierarchy of evidence postulated by evidence-based medicine. Clinicians need to be able to distinguish high from low quality in primary studies, systematic reviews, practice guidelines, and other integrative research focused on management recommendations. An evidence-based practitioner must also understand the patient's circumstances or predicament; identify knowledge gaps and frame questions to fill those gaps; conduct an efficient literature search; critically appraise the research evidence; and apply that evidence to patient care. However, treatment judgments often reflect clinician or societal values concerning whether intervention benefits are worth the cost. Many unanswered questions concerning how to elicit preferences and how to incorporate them in clinical encounters constitute an enormously challenging frontier for evidence-based medicine. Time limitation remains the biggest obstacle to evidence-based practice but clinicians should seek evidence from as high in the appropriate hierarchy of evidence as possible, and every clinical decision should be geared toward the particular circumstances of the patient
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Off Dean, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Michigan, Dept Family Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst & Med, Dept Ambulatory Care, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst & Med, Dept Res, San Antonio, TX USA.
UR  - ISI:000089124600037
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1993
T1  - Architecture of habitat: Design for life 2539
A1  - Halliday,S.P.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Halliday, SP, GAIA RES,UNIT 12 ABBEYMOUNT,2 EASTER RD,EDINBURGH EH7 5AN,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND 20 0 ROYAL SOC LONDON LONDON 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5AG PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON A JUL 15 Discipline: Multidisciplinary Sciences XL982
KW  - activity
KW  - Alienation
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - architecture
KW  - Article
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Culture
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Evolution
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - HABITAT
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTHY
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - ILL
KW  - Impact
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - Industry
KW  - liability
KW  - Life
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - participation
KW  - physical
KW  - play
KW  - principles
KW  - PRODUCTS
KW  - quality
KW  - responsibilities
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Technology
KW  - Well Being
KW  - Wellbeing
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1389
EP  - 1402
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences
VL  - 355
IS  - 1728
N2  - The construction industry and the industries which supply it have a vital role to play in the evolution of a culture of clean technology. Buildings have a crucial impact on the physical and economic health and well-being of the individuals, communities and organizations which they are intended to support. The global impact of the built environment is increasingly evident. It is necessary for everyone involved to recognize the role of buildings in the quality of our lives and the extent of our responsibilities in creating a sustainable habitat. Buildings and their components are basic needs which should be socially responsible products able to contribute to our physical, psychological, cultural and economic well-being; yet they frequently contribute to ill health and alienation, undermine community and create significant financial liability. Modern planning, construction activity, building management and demolition processes are innately unclean and environmentally exploitative. We need to identify the consequences of our actions and to process these to show how we might create a healthy built environment within the ecological limits to which we must all defer. The existing culture of control of the environment must give way to a culture of appreciation and participation. This paper will investigate ecological principles to identify mitigation strategies and the cultural shift which is required to create the intergenerational buildings upon which our future development depends. A critical appraisal of the new generation of self-declared, environmentally benign buildings could assist in determining appropriate directions for evolution of the built environment
UR  - ISI:A1997XL98200014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1994
T1  - Critical appraisal of brain pathology staging related to presymptomatic and symptomatic cases of sporadic Parkinson's disease 200
A1  - Halliday,G.M.
A1  - Del Tredici,K.
A1  - Braak,H.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Halliday, GM, Prince Wales Med Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia g.halliday@unsw.edu.au 13 0 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA J NEURAL TRANSMISSION-SUPPL Discipline: Neurosciences 081PH
KW  - abnormal
KW  - ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN PATHOLOGY
KW  - ALZHEIMER-DISEASE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Average
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - brain
KW  - clinical
KW  - COHORT
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DOPAMINE
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - OLDER
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - REPLACEMENT
KW  - REPLACEMENT THERAPY
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sampling
KW  - SEQUENCE
KW  - STAGE
KW  - staging
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 99
EP  - 103
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission-Supplement
IS  - 70
N2  - Clinical Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-characterised syndrome that benefits significantly from dopamine replacement therapies. A staging procedure for sporadic PD pathology was developed by Braak et al. assuming that the abnormal deposition of alpha-synuclein indicates the intracellular process responsible for clinical PD. This paradigm has merit in corralling patients with similar cellular mechanisms together and determining the potential sequence of events that may herald the clinical syndrome. Progressive pathological stages were identified -1) preclinical (stages 1-2), 2) early (stages 3-4, 35% with clinical PD) and 3) late (stages 5-6, 86% with clinical PD). However, preclinical versus early versus late-stage cases should on average be progressively older at the time of sampling, a feature not observed in the cohort analysed. In this cohort preclinical cases would have developed extremely late-onset PD compared with the other types of cases analysed. While the staging scheme is a valuable concept, further development is required
SN  - 0303-6995
AV  - Prince Wales Med Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. JW Goethe Univ Clin, Inst Clin Neuroanat, Frankfurt, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000240329000017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1995
T1  - Critical appraisal of the indexes of chironomid larval deformities and their use in bioindication 2095
A1  - Hamalainen,H.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Hamalainen, H, Univ Joensuu, Karelian Inst, Sect Ecol, POB 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland 31 3 FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD UNIV HELSINKI P O BOX 17, FIN-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND ANN ZOOL FENN Discipline: Ecology; Zoology 244WV
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - CONTAMINATION
KW  - Copper
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DIPTERA
KW  - discipline
KW  - ECOLOGIES
KW  - Ecology
KW  - EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Finland
KW  - form
KW  - Impact
KW  - Incidence
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - LAKES
KW  - MENTA
KW  - MORPHOLOGICAL DEFORMITIES
KW  - Paper
KW  - PROCLADIUS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - researchers
KW  - RIVER
KW  - SEDIMENTS
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - Stress
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - Use
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 179
EP  - 186
JF  - Annales Zoologici Fennici
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
N2  - A recurring positive field correlation of deformity incidence (DI) in sediment dwelling chironomid larvae with environmental contamination suggests that DI is a potential indicator of the impact of contaminants in aquatic systems. Several researchers have developed indexes that take into account the severity of deformities to supplement the information that is obtained from the DI alone. Five such indexes are reviewed in this paper. The indexes can be reformulated into an identical general form that expresses a product of the DI and average severity of deformation. Assessment of the severity of deformities appears to be poorly grounded and subjective. Indexes and the DI are highly redundant, partly due to mathematical necessity. In the data sets of the proponents of the indexes there was a strong linear relationship (r(2) = 0.77 - 0.99) between index values and DI. Along with this, other empirical evidence as well as tenuous foundation of the indexes suggest that the presented indexes are likely to be useless, albeit relatively harmless
SN  - 0003-455X
AV  - Univ Joensuu, Karelian Inst, Sect Ecol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
UR  - ISI:000083074500006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1996
T1  - Evidence-based review of the literature on intrathecal delivery of pain medication 1892
A1  - Bennett,G.
A1  - Serafini,M.
A1  - Burchiel,K.
A1  - Buchser,E.
A1  - Classen,A.
A1  - Deer,T.
A1  - Du Pen,S.
A1  - Ferrante,F.M.
A1  - Hassenbusch,S.J.
A1  - Lou,L.
A1  - Maeyaert,J.
A1  - Penn,R.
A1  - Portenoy,R.K.
A1  - Rauck,R.
A1  - Willis,K.D.
A1  - Yaksh,T.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Hassenbusch, SJ, Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,C-9-075, Houston, TX 77030 USA 351 35 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAGE AUG Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology 351UY
KW  - AGENT
KW  - America
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASPARTATE NMDA RECEPTOR
KW  - BUPIVACAINE SPINAL-BLOCK
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Pain
KW  - CARE
KW  - CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CONTINUOUS EPIDURAL INFUSION
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - ENHANCES POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - EXPERT PANEL
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - INFUSION
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - INTRACTABLE CANCER PAIN
KW  - intraspinal infusion
KW  - intrathecal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - LONG-TERM TREATMENT
KW  - Management
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Morphine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Neurology
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Pain
KW  - pain management
KW  - POSTCESAREAN SECTION ANALGESIA
KW  - practice
KW  - REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY
KW  - REFRACTORY NONMALIGNANT PAIN
KW  - Review
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Symptom
KW  - Technique
KW  - Texas
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S12
EP  - S36
JF  - Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Evidence-based medicine depends on the existence of controlled clinical trials that establish the safety and efficacy of specific therapeutic techniques. Many interventions in clinical practice have achieved widespread acceptance despite little evidence to support them in the scientific literature; the critical appraisal of these interventions based on accumulating experience is re goal of medicine. To clarify the current state of knowledge concerning the use of various drugs for intraspinal infusion in pain management, an expert panel conducted a thorough review of the published literature. The exhaustive review included 5 different groups of compounds with morphine and bupivacaine yielding the most citations in the literature. The need for additional large published controlled studies was highlighted by this review, especially for promising agents that have been shown to be safe and efficacious in recent clinical studies. (C) U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee, 2000
SN  - 0885-3924
AV  - Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Ctr Pain Relief, Clarksburg, WV USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Hop Zone Morges, Anesthesia & Pain Management Serv, Morges, Switzerland. Trinity Pain Med Assoc PA, Ft Worth, TX USA. Ctr Pain Relief, Charleston, WV USA. Swedish Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Penn Hlth Syst, Pain Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. AZ St Lucas, Ghent, Belgium. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY 10029 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Dept Pain Med & Palliat Care, New York, NY 10003 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Pain Control Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Alabama Pain Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
UR  - ISI:000089177600012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1997
T1  - Does this adult patient have acute meningitis? 2133
A1  - Attia,J.
A1  - Hatala,R.
A1  - Cook,D.J.
A1  - Wong,J.G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Hatala, R, Henderson Gen Hosp, 4th Floor,McMaster Bldg,711 Concess St, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada 29 40 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN JUL 14 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 215HT
KW  - ABSENCE
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - ACUTE BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - bacterial
KW  - Canada
KW  - Chicago
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COMPLETENESS
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - context
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELDERLY PATIENTS
KW  - English
KW  - extraction
KW  - High Risk Patient
KW  - HIGH-RISK
KW  - HIGH-RISK PATIENTS
KW  - History
KW  - IF
KW  - Infection
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - likelihood ratio
KW  - Literature
KW  - lumbar
KW  - lumbar puncture
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meningitis
KW  - metastatic
KW  - NEED
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM INFECTIONS
KW  - On
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - Searching
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - SIGNS
KW  - specificity
KW  - Standard
KW  - STATE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TESTS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 181
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 282
IS  - 2
N2  - Context Early clinical recognition of meningitis is imperative to allow clinicians to efficiently complete further tests and initiate appropriate therapy. Objective To review the accuracy and precision of the clinical examination in the diagnosis of adult meningitis, Data Sources A comprehensive review of English- and French-language literature was conducted by searching MEDLINE for 1966 to July 1997, using a structured search strategy, Additional references were identified by reviewing reference lists of pertinent articles. Study Selection The search yielded 139 potentially relevant studies, which were reviewed by the first author, Studies were included if they described the clinical examination in the diagnosis of objectively confirmed bacterial or viral meningitis. Studies were excluded if they enrolled predominantly children or immunocompromised adults or focused only on metastatic meningitis or meningitis of a single microbial origin. A total of 10 studies met the criteria and were included in the analysis. Data Extraction Validity of the studies was assessed by a critical appraisal of several components of the study design. These components included an assessment of the reference standard used to diagnose meningitis (lumbar puncture or autopsy), the completeness of patient ascertainment, and whether the clinical examination was described in sufficient detail to be reproducible. Data Synthesis Individual items of the clinical history have low accuracy for the diagnosis of meningitis in adults (pooled sensitivity for headache, 50% [95% confidence interval {CI} 32%-68%]; for nausea/vomiting, 30% [95% CI, 22%-38%]). On physical examination, the absence of fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status effectively eliminates meningitis (sensitivity, 99%-100% for the presence of 1 of these findings), Of the classic signs of meningeal irritation, only 1 study has assessed Kernig sign; no studies subsequent to the original report have evaluated Brudzinski sign. Among patients with fever and headache, jolt accentuation of headache is a useful adjunctive maneuver, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 54%, positive likelihood ratio of 2.2, and negative likelihood ratio of 0 for the diagnosis of meningitis, Conclusions Among adults with a clinical presentation that is low risk for meningitis, the clinical examination aids in excluding the diagnosis. However, given the seriousness of this infection, clinicians frequently need to proceed directly to lumbar puncture in high-risk patients, Many of the signs and symptoms of meningitis have been inadequately studied, and further prospective research is needed
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med Med Sci, St Louis, MO USA.
UR  - ISI:000081376800036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1998
T1  - Beyond journal clubs - Moving toward an integrated evidence-based medicine curriculum 351
A1  - Hatala,R.
A1  - Keitz,S.A.
A1  - Wilson,M.C.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Hatala, R, St Pauls Hosp, Suite 5907,Burrard Bldg,1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada rhatala@mac.com 39 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J GEN INTERN MED MAY Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 040ZL
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CAPACITY
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - effort
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - limitations
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - MORNING REPORT
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency programs
KW  - residency training
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Training
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - users
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 538
EP  - 541
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - Incorporating evidence-based medicine (EBM) into clinical practice is an important competency that residency training must address. Residency program directors, and the clinical educators who work with them, should develop curricula to enhance residents' capacity for independent evidence-based practice. In this article, the authors argue that residency programs must move beyond journal club formats to promote the practice of EBM by trainees. The authors highlight the limitations of journal club, and suggest additional curricular approaches for an integrated EBM curriculum. Helping residents become effective evidence users will require a sustained effort on the part of residents, faculty, and their educational institutions
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Educ Serv, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000237422300029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1999
T1  - Second-order peer review of the medical literature for clinical practitioners 383
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
A1  - Cotoi,C.
A1  - Holland,J.
A1  - Walters,L.
A1  - Wilczynski,N.
A1  - Jedraszewski,D.
A1  - McKinlay,J.
A1  - Parrish,R.
A1  - McKibbon,K.A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Haynes, RB, McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 1200 Main St W,Room 2C10B, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada bhaynes@mcmaster.ca 12 4 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN APR 19 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 033XG
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - Average
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - context
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal criteria
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - feasibility
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Interests
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - On
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - Ontario
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Performance
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Register
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scales
KW  - SCORE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Staff
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - users
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1801
EP  - 1808
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 295
IS  - 15
N2  - Context Most articles in clinical journals are not appropriate for direct application by individual clinicians. Objective To create a second order of clinical peer review for journal articles to determine which articles are most relevant for specific clinical disciplines. Design and Setting A 2-stage prospective observational study in which research staff reviewed all issues of over 110 ( number has varied slightly as new journals were added or discarded from review but number has always been over 110) clinical journals and selected each article that met critical appraisal criteria from January 2003 through the present. Practicing physicians were recruited from around the world, excluding Northern Ontario, to the McMaster Online Rating of Evidence ( MORE) system and registered as raters according to their clinical disciplines. An automated system assigned each qualifying article to raters for each pertinent clinical discipline, and recorded their online assessments of the articles on 7-point scales ( highest score, 7) of relevance and newsworthiness ( defined as useful new information for physicians). Rated articles fed an online alerting service, the McMaster Premium Literature Service ( PLUS). Physicians from Northern Ontario were invited to register with PLUS and then receive e-mail alerts about articles according to MORE system peer ratings for their own discipline. Online access by PLUS users of PLUS alerts, raters' comments, article abstracts, and full-text journal articles was automatically recorded. Main Outcome Measures Clinical rater recruitment and performance. Relevance and newsworthiness of journal articles to clinical practice in the discipline of the rating physician. Results Through October 2005, MORE had 2139 clinical raters, and PLUS had 5892 articles with 45 462 relevance ratings and 44 724 newsworthiness ratings collected since 2003. On average, clinicians rated systematic review articles higher for relevance to practice than articles with original evidence and lower for useful new information. Primary care physicians rated articles lower than did specialists ( P <. 05). Of the 98 physicians who registered for PLUS, 88 (90%) used it on 3136 occasions during an 18-month test period. Conclusions This demonstration project shows the feasibility and use of a post-publication clinical peer review system that differentiates published journal articles according to the interests of a broad range of clinical disciplines
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - McMaster Univ, Hlth Informat Res Unit, Michael G DeGroote Sch Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000236886900023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2000
T1  - Participatory action research and social work - A critical appraisal 1798
A1  - Healy,K.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Healy, K, Univ Sydney, Dept Social Work Social Policy & Sociol, Bldg A26, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 40 4 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND INT SOC WORK JAN Discipline: Social Work 397FQ
KW  - Action Research
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - COMMITMENT
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EXPRESSION
KW  - Insight
KW  - Justice
KW  - limitations
KW  - London
KW  - method
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - REGION
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - social justice
KW  - social policy
KW  - Social Welfare
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Worker
KW  - Social Workers
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Use
KW  - Welfare
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
KW  - WORKERS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 93
EP  - +
JF  - International Social Work
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
N2  - Participatory action research (PAR) is widely endorsed by social workers as consistent with their commitment to social justice. This paper critically appraises the applicability of PAR to the diverse organizational and cultural contexts of social welfare work. The author interrogates participatory researchers' assertions about power, method and action. Questions are raised about the use of PAR in the Asia-Pacific region where a cultural aversion to the public expression of dissent is frequently encountered. The author argues that some of the limitations of PAR can be overcome by radically opening it to insights from practice and from postmodern theories
SN  - 0020-8728
AV  - Univ Sydney, Dept Social Work Social Policy & Sociol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000166683000008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2001
T1  - Case-control confusion 406
A1  - Hellems,M.A.
A1  - Kramer,M.S.
A1  - Hayden,G.F.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Hellems, MA, Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, POB 800386, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA mab4c@virginia.edu 12 0 ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS LAWRENCE 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA AMBUL PEDIATR MAR-APR Discipline: Pediatrics 025FN
KW  - alliance
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Case Control Studies
KW  - Case Control Study
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - case-control study
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - Communication
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - Confusion
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - PROSPECTIVE COHORT
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency training
KW  - rigor
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 96
EP  - 99
JF  - Ambulatory Pediatrics.Vol.7(1)()(pp 51-55), 2007.
J1  - Ambulatory Pediatrics
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: Critical analysis of journal articles by using principles of evidence-based medicine is important for clinicians applying research results in their practice and is a valuable component of pediatric residency training. Appraisal of an article's methodological rigor is often tailored to a particular type of study design, so that misclassification of study design can confuse the appraisal. The goal of this study was to determine how often pediatric research articles that are self-declared as casecontrol studies conform to a standard definition for this study design. Methods: A Medline search identified articles published in two pediatric journals from January 1996 through August 2004 with the phrase "case-control study" in the title or abstract. Articles that were self-declared as case-control studies were analyzed to determine whether they satisfied a standard definition of a casecontrol study. Results: Of the 91 purported case-control studies, only 68 (75%) met the standard definition for at least the most important analysis. The remaining 23 articles could be classified as crosssectional studies (N = 16) or prospective cohort studies (N = 7). Conclusions: Ambiguity in the definition of a case-control study can cause confusion in the critical appraisal of published clinical research
SN  - 1530-1567
AV  - Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, Childrens Hosp, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Pediat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Fac Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000236250800007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2002
T1  - Back to Oz? Rethinking the literary in a critical study of reading 910
A1  - Hicks,D.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Hicks, D, Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA 40 1 NATL COUNCIL TEACHERS ENGLISH URBANA 1111 KENYON RD, URBANA, IL 61801 USA RES TEACH ENGL AUG Discipline: Education & Educational Research 844XX
KW  - America
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - BACK
KW  - BOUNDARIES
KW  - BOUNDARY
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical studies
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - girls
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Literature
KW  - Narratives
KW  - On
KW  - pedagogy
KW  - practice
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - question
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading practices
KW  - Research
KW  - Responses
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 84
JF  - Research in the Teaching of English
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
N2  - Drawing on data gathered during a fourteen-month study of reading practices among poor and working-class girls, this essay explores the challenges of creating a responsive and critical reading pedagogy across boundaries of class. Set largely in a summer and after-school reading program for pre-teen girls, the study addressed the question of how a pedagogy centered around literature might accord the possibility for girls to read, speak, and value in more than one class-specific voice. The complexities of creating such a critical reading project are explored through narratives that chronicle the interplay of the material, the psychological, and the discursive in girls' textual preferences and literary responses. Assuming the dual voice of teacher and ethnographer the author argues for a new poetics of inquiry that can convey the nuanced complexities of reading, voice, and psychological experience among girls growing up in working-poor America
SN  - 0034-527X
AV  - Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
UR  - ISI:000223195500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2003
T1  - Respect for patients' dignity in primary health care: a critical appraisal 1466
A1  - Hofmann,B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Hofmann, B, Univ Oslo, Ctr Med Eth, POB 1130 Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway 11 2 TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS OSLO CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SCAND J PRIMARY HEALTH CARE JUN Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal 576ZX
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - dignity
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - functions
KW  - GPS
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - limitations
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Norway
KW  - On
KW  - ORGAN
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - person
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - respect
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - TERM
KW  - Trust
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 88
EP  - 91
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective - To address the challenges of modern health care that patients call "inhumane medicine" by investigating the concept of dignity. That is, to answer the question: what does it mean to respect patients' dignity, and can focusing attention on dignity address the lack of trust in and respect for GPs? Design - To scrutinise the concept of dignity as a basic term in health care by analysing its limitations. Implications - Respecting patients' dignity, and meeting them as whole persons and not as the aggregation of organs, functions and processes, is crucial in modern health care. However, even a health care focusing on dignity can become paternalistic and undignified. Hence, dignity appears to be a concept that addresses a basic challenge in modern health care, but which can be dangerous if its limitations are not respected
SN  - 0281-3432
AV  - Univ Oslo, Ctr Med Eth, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway.
UR  - ISI:000177038000007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2004
T1  - Developing students' ability to ask more and better questions resulting from inquiry-type chemistry laboratories 569
A1  - Hofstein,A.
A1  - Navon,O.
A1  - Kipnis,M.
A1  - Mamlok-Naaman,R.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Hofstein, A, Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Sci Teaching, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel avi.hofstein@weizmann.ac.il 31 0 JOHN WILEY & SONS INC HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA J RES SCI TEACH SEP Discipline: Education & Educational Research 963NZ
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - CAPABILITY
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - chemistry students
KW  - cognitive
KW  - control
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - grouping
KW  - High School
KW  - inquiry
KW  - investigation
KW  - Israel
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - LEARN
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Observation
KW  - On
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - Population
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - RIVER
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 791
EP  - 806
JF  - Journal of Research in Science Teaching
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
N2  - This study focuses on the ability of high-school chemistry students, who learn chemistry through the inquiry approach, to ask meaningful and scientifically sound questions. We investigated (a) the ability of students to ask questions related to their observations and findings in an inquiry-type experiment (a practical test) and (b) the ability of students to ask questions after critically reading a scientific article. The student population consisted of two groups: an inquiry-laboratory group (experimental group) and a traditional laboratory-type group (control group). The three common features investigated were (a) the number of questions that were asked by each of the students, (b) the cognitive level of the questions, and (c) the nature of the questions that were chosen by the students, for the purpose of further investigation. Importantly, it was found that students in the inquiry group who had experience in asking questions in the chemistry laboratory outperformed the control grouping in their ability to ask more and better questions. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
SN  - 0022-4308
AV  - Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Sci Teaching, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
UR  - ISI:000231812300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2005
T1  - Evaluation of qualitative research 1301
A1  - Horsburgh,D.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Horsburgh, D, Napier Univ, Sch Acute & Continuing Care Nursing, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Canaan Lane Campus,74 Canaan Lane, Edinburgh EH9 2TB, Midlothian, Scotland d.horsburgh@napier.ac.uk 24 5 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN NURS MAR Discipline: Nursing 657KJ
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - context
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - criteria for evaluation
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evaluation criteria
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - inquiry
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Life
KW  - NEED
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nursing
KW  - OBJECTIVITY
KW  - Paper
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - person
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publishing
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - Recognition
KW  - reflexivity
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - researchers
KW  - Scotland
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
KW  - writers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 307
EP  - 312
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
N2  - It is necessary to subject published research to critical scrutiny, in order to evaluate the robustness of the findings. The criteria used in evaluation require to be appropriate for the research paradigm, i.e. quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative conceptualizations of reliability and validity are unsuitable for evaluation of qualitative research as they were not devised for this purpose. The use of quantitative criteria to evaluate qualitative research may create the impression that the latter is not academically rigorous. Evaluation criteria which are specific to qualitative research require identification and application, in order to provide a formalized and rigorous approach to critical appraisal. A formalized framework for evaluation will help to ensure that the contribution of qualitative studies, with specific reference to health services research, receives optimum recognition. The work of a number of writers is used in this paper to examine the features which distinguish qualitative research and the following are discussed: the need for researcher reflexivity; the use of the 'first person' in academic work; the context in which research takes place; the selection of research participants; the interpretation of participants' accounts; the active acknowledgement of 'lay' knowledge; researcher flexibility within the research process; the generalizability of findings. It is concluded that academically rigorous criteria, which are appropriate for evaluation of qualitative research, exist and are available for use by practitioners and researchers
SN  - 0962-1067
AV  - Napier Univ, Sch Acute & Continuing Care Nursing, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Edinburgh EH9 2TB, Midlothian, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000181664800019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2006
T1  - South Cheshire local multi-disciplinary evidence centre: an evaluation 1467
A1  - Howard,J.C.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Howard, JC, Postgrad Gen Practie Educ & Training, Hamilton House,24 Pall Mall, Liverpool L3 6AL, Merseyside, England 8 0 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH JUL Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 577LR
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Automation
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical governance
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - continuing professional development
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Governance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health information
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Learning
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - physical
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Staff
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Training
KW  - Workplace
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 440
EP  - 442
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
N2  - The South Cheshire Local Multidisciplinary Evidence Centre (LMEC) was a two-year project commenced in March 1998 and completed in April 2000. The project aimed to develop an information service to enable all primary and community care staff in South Cheshire to access high-quality evidence and thus to improve patient care. The LMEC gave access from the workplace to both physical and electronic resources to support clinical governance and lifelong learning, with a strong emphasis on evidence-based material. Automation of the library catalogue enabled its inclusion on the website. The project developed enquiry and document delivery services and provided training on using the LMEC and on critical appraisal. An evaluation carried out at the end of the project showed that over 120 primary and community care staff had used the LMEC and were positive about the service. As Clinical Governance, the NHSnet, and plans for continuing professional development are implemented, the LMEC is one model for a Local Health Information Service outlined in the NHS IT strategy
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Leighton Hosp, S Cheshire Postgrad Med Ctr, Crewe, Cheshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000177062800020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2007
T1  - Locating and appraising systematic reviews 2595
A1  - Hunt,D.L.
A1  - McKibbon,K.A.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Hunt, DL, MCMASTER UNIV,FAC HLTH SCI,CTR HLTH SCI,1200 MAIN ST W,ROOM 3H7,HAMILTON,ON L8N 3Z5,CANADA 14 64 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 ANN INTERN MED APR 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal WQ195
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
KW  - ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - clinical
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
KW  - NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG
KW  - NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Race
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 532
EP  - 538
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 126
IS  - 7
N2  - In this article, we describe the strengths and weaknesses of several methods of locating systematic reviews, including electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Best Evidence (the electronic version of ACP Journal Club and Evidence-Based Medicine), and the Cochrane Library (a regularly updated source of reviews and controlled trials produced by the Cochrane Collaboration). We also present steps that can be used to critically appraise review articles; as an example, we use a systematic review that evaluates the gastrointestinal toxicity of various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the context of a clinical scenario
SN  - 0003-4819
UR  - ISI:A1997WQ19500015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2008
T1  - Bridging the divide: a survey of nurses' opinions regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, research utilization in the practice setting 1067
A1  - Hutchinson,A.M.
A1  - Johnston,L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Hutchinson, AM, Univ Melbourne, Sch Nursing, Victorian Ctr Nursing Practice Res, 1-723 Swanston St, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia alihutchinson@bigpond.com 48 14 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN NURS MAR Discipline: Nursing 775DG
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Australia
KW  - Authority
KW  - Awareness
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - barriers to research utilization
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CONSTRAINTS
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELICIT
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - facilitators
KW  - facilitators of research utilization
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - GAP
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IF
KW  - implementation
KW  - Influences
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Ireland
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Literature
KW  - method
KW  - MIDWIVES
KW  - Northern Ireland
KW  - NORTHERN-IRELAND
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - NURSING RESEARCH FINDINGS
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - PILOT
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - RECORD
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Research
KW  - research dissemination
KW  - research implementation
KW  - research utilisation
KW  - Research Utilization
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - survey
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Time
KW  - UK
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - Use
KW  - utilization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 304
EP  - 315
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - Background. Many researchers have explored the barriers to research uptake in order to overcome them and identify strategies to facilitate research utilization. However, the research-practice gap remains a persistent issue for the nursing profession. Aims and objectives. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of perceived influences on nurses' utilization of research, and explore what differences or commonalities exist between the findings of this research and those of studies that have been conducted in various countries during the past 10 years. Design. Nurses were surveyed to elicit their opinions regarding barriers to, and facilitators of, research utilization. The instrument comprised a 29-item validated questionnaire, titled Barriers to Research Utilisation Scale (BARRIERS Scale), an eight-item scale of facilitators, provision for respondents to record additional barriers and/or facilitators and a series of demographic questions. Method. The questionnaire was administered in 2001 to all nurses (n = 761) working at a major teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. A 45% response rate was achieved. Results. Greatest barriers to research utilization reported included time constraints, lack of awareness of available research literature, insufficient authority to change practice, inadequate skills in critical appraisal and lack of support for implementation of research findings. Greatest facilitators to research utilization reported included availability of more time to review and implement research findings, availability of more relevant research and colleague support. Conclusion. One of the most striking features of the findings of the present study is that perceptions of Australian nurses are remarkably consistent with reported perceptions of nurses in the US, UK and Northern Ireland during the past decade. Relevance to clinical practice. If the use of research evidence in practice results in better outcomes for our patients, this behoves us, as a profession, to address issues surrounding support for implementation of research findings, authority to change practice, time constraints and ability to critically appraise research with conviction and a sense of urgency
SN  - 0962-1067
AV  - Univ Melbourne, Sch Nursing, Victorian Ctr Nursing Practice Res, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000189025000006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2009
T1  - Evidence-based decision making and asthma in the Internet age: the tools of the trade 1423
A1  - Jadad,A.R.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Jadad, AR, Toronto Gen Hosp, Ctr Global & Hlth Innovat, 4th Floor,R Fraser Elliott B,190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada 25 2 BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD COPENHAGEN 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK ALLERGY Suppl. 74 Discipline: Allergy; Immunology 600KD
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Age
KW  - allergy
KW  - And
KW  - APPLIANCE
KW  - APPLIANCES
KW  - Article
KW  - Asthma
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - Bias
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Canada
KW  - children
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - Denmark
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - Education
KW  - eHealth
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based decision making
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - innovation
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - interpretation
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Multimedia
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Politics
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Solutions
KW  - structure
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - TOOL
KW  - trade
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
EP  - 22
JF  - Allergy
VL  - 57
N2  - At the dawn of the Information Age, the practice of evidence-based decision making (EBDM) is still hindered by many important barriers related to the decision makers, to the evidence per se or to the health system. Some of these barriers, particularly those related to the distillation, dissemination and packaging of research evidence, could be overcome by recent and ongoing developments in portable/wearable computers, internet appliances, multimedia and wireless broadband internet traffic. This article describes specific EBDM-related tools, with emphasis on internet-enabled "how to" books; and tools to improve the quality of reporting research, to formulate questions; to search for evidence; to access journals, systematic reviews and guidelines; to interact with organizations promoting EBDM; and to tailor evidence to individual cases. However, thinking that all barriers to the practice of EBDM could be solved by fancy information technology is naive. Barriers related to the generation, interpretation, integration and use of the evidence demand more complex and perhaps unfeasible solutions, as overcoming them will require substantial changes in the structure of the health system, in the politics of science and in the way in which humans think and behave
SN  - 0105-4538
AV  - Univ Hlth Network, Ctr Global & Hlth Innovat, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000178388400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2010
T1  - Optimizing fertilizer dose for rearing stage production of carps under polyculture 886
A1  - Bhakta,J.N.
A1  - Sarkar,D.
A1  - Jana,S.
A1  - Jana,B.B.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Jana, BB, W Bengal Univ Anim & Fisheries Sci, Dept Fisheries Econ & Stat, Mohanpur 741252, W Bengal, India bbj@cal2.vsnl.net.in 39 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AQUACULTURE SEP 30 Discipline: Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology 855WD
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cattle
KW  - Cost Benefit Analysis
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - cost-benefit ratio
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Culture
KW  - data
KW  - DENSITIES
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - DOSE-RESPONSE
KW  - English
KW  - fertilizer dose
KW  - Fish
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - India
KW  - INTEGRATED FISH
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - maximum fish yield
KW  - mixed fertilizers
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Nutrient
KW  - optimum fertilizer dose
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - PHOSPHATE
KW  - polyculture
KW  - PONDS
KW  - Productivity
KW  - quality
KW  - Responses
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - RISE
KW  - Sample
KW  - SAMPLES
KW  - Science
KW  - STAGE
KW  - Temperature
KW  - WATER
KW  - YIELD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 125
EP  - 139
JF  - Aquaculture
VL  - 239
IS  - 1-4
N2  - Using seven different input doses (105, 211, 422, 844, 1689, 3378 and 6757 g tank(-1) (4.5 m(3)) week(-1) of mixed fertilizers (poultry droppings [PD], cattle manure [CM], single super phosphate [SSP] and urea [U]) with a fixed CNP ratio of 88.6:7.5:1 and a stocking density of 35,500 fish ha(-1), yield of carps under polyculture (catla, bata and common carp) in a rearing stage was evaluated. Advanced fry of calla (1.2 +/- 0.04 g), barn (0.99 +/- 0.05 g) and common carp (1.3 +/- 0.06 g) were introduced at the rate of 16 fish tank(-1) (catla 4/bata 6/common carp 6) or equivalent to 35,500 fish ha-1 and reared for 120 days. Samples of water were collected and monitored for primary productivity, planktons and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, organic-C, orthophosphate (OP), soluble reactive phosphate, ammonium-N, nitrite-N and nitrate-N) and sediment total phosphate at weekly or biweekly intervals. The fish yield tended to rise with increase in fertilizer dose showing maximum yield at 844 g tank(-1) week(-1) (D-96: 96,000 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) and decline thereafter. Total fish mortality was encountered when the dose was between 3378 and 6757 g tank(-1) week(-1). Using ecological and economical sustainability as the criteria, optimum dose of fertilizer for fish yield was found to be at 422 g tank(-1) week(-1) (D-48: 48,000 kg ha(-1)). This was evident from the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) showing maximum net revenue at 422 g tank(-1) week(-1) (D-48: 48,000 kg ha(-1)) and total revenue at 844 g tank(-1) week(D-96: 96,000 kg ha(-1)). Critical appraisal of the data indicated four nutrient levels of fertilizer dose responses; poor growth of both fish and algae under first nutrient level (105-422 g tank(-1) week(-1)); their accelerated growth under second nutrient level (>422 to 844 g tank(-1) week(-1)); retarded fish growth but continued algal growth under third nutrient level (>844 to 1689 g tank(-1) week(-1)) and poor growth of algae coupled with total fish mortality at fourth nutrient level (>1689 to 6757 g tank(-1) week(-1)). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0044-8486
AV  - W Bengal Univ Anim & Fisheries Sci, Dept Fisheries Econ & Stat, Mohanpur 741252, W Bengal, India. Univ Kalyani, Dept Zool, Aquaculture & Appl Limnol Res Unit, Kalyani 741235, W Bengal, India.
UR  - ISI:000224004700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2011
T1  - Critical appraisal of classical methods for determination of mesopore size distributions of MCM-41 materials 1419
A1  - Choma,J.
A1  - Jaroniec,M.
A1  - Burakiewicz-Mortka,W.
A1  - Kloske,M.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Jaroniec, M, Mil Tech Acad, Inst Chem, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland 20 13 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS APPL SURF SCI AUG 15 Discipline: Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter 600YB
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - film
KW  - Films
KW  - isotherm
KW  - MATTER
KW  - MCM-41
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MOLECULAR-SIEVES
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - NITROGEN ADSORPTION
KW  - nitrogen adsorption isotherm
KW  - On
KW  - physical
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Poland
KW  - PORE
KW  - pore size distribution
KW  - PORE-SIZE
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERIES
KW  - size distribution
KW  - SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Thickness
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 216
EP  - 223
JF  - Applied Surface Science
VL  - 196
IS  - 1-4
N2  - Classical methods for evaluation of the pore size distributions (PSD) from low temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption isotherms were compared by using a series of hexagonally ordered mesoporous silicas (MCM-41) of different pore sizes. This comparison involved the methods proposed by Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH), Dollimore and Heal (DH) as well as Broekhoff and de Boer (BdB) simplified recently by Lukens et al. These methods were examined by using the statistical film thickness (t-curve) reported by Halsey (H), and Kruk, Jaromec and Sayari (KJS). A detailed comparison of aforementioned methods shows that the BJH method with Kelvin-type equation and t-curve determined on the basis of MCM-41 materials as suggested by KJS provides the most reliable PSD. In contrast to other methods, the BJH-KJS method gives an accurate estimate of the pore width and reproduces the pore volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0169-4332
AV  - Mil Tech Acad, Inst Chem, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA.
UR  - ISI:000178418400023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2012
T1  - The hard art of soft science: Evidence-based medicine, reasoned medicine or both? 274
A1  - Jenicek,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Jenicek, M, McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada jenicekm@mcmaster.ca 66 4 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT AUG Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 066VH
KW  - ADOPTION
KW  - And
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenges
KW  - combined
KW  - content
KW  - controversies
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - HARD ART
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - intensive
KW  - Into
KW  - Logic
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Paper
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - problems
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - reason
KW  - REASONED MEDICINE
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SOFT SCIENCE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - TERM
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - VIEW
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 410
EP  - 419
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
N2  - In the past 14 years, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has enjoyed unprecedented developments and gained widespread acceptance among health professionals. However, should we be content with producing, critically appraising and using the best evidence available for our understanding of health problems and decision making about them? Are our convictions about EBM's relevance, our conviction and intellectual satisfaction with its mastery and adoption enough? Should we continue pushing forward along this promising path, or should we further diversify the content and scope of EBM? Is EBM the only way to view medicine in the near future? This paper presents some options to choose from in terms of direction and content as well as questions to answer given the current EBM crossroads. More intensive and extensive EBM combined with 'other features'-based medicines may be the preferred strategy to follow in the future to determine the development, use and evaluation of EBM. Argument-based medicine or Reasoned Medicine is one of the options that can be integrated into the mainstream of medical reasoning and decision making
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000239257800004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2013
T1  - How to read, understand, and write 'Discussion' sections in medical articles. An exercise in critical thinking 303
A1  - Jenicek,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Jenicek, M, McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada jenicekm@mcmaster.ca 62 1 INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC ALBERTSON 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA MED SCI MONITOR JUN Discipline: Medicine, Research & Experimental 056RE
KW  - 'Discussion' sections in medical articles
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argumentation
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Care
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking in medicine
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - health research
KW  - implementation
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - medical article writing and interpretation
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READ
KW  - READER
KW  - Reading
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - uses of evidence appraisal
KW  - Validity
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - SR28
EP  - SR36
JF  - Medical Science Monitor
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
N2  - Writing and reading 'Discussion' sections in medical articles require a procedure as exact and structured as that involved in raising questions, choosing materials and methods and producing results for a health research study. The medical article as a whole can be considered an exercise in modern argumentation and its 'Discussion' section, a systematic critical appraisal of a path from theses to conclusions. the methodology of modern critical thinking applies perfectly to article writing, reading, and understanding. Structuring the 'Discussion' section as a review of argumentation benefits more than the study and its authors. It allows the reader to grasp the real relevance and validity of the study and its usability for his or her decision-making in clinical and community care, research and health policies and program proposal, implementation, and evaluation
SN  - 1234-1010
AV  - McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000238542000020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2014
T1  - Technology-based dissemination 2634
A1  - Jennett,P.A.
A1  - Premkumar,K.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Article Jennett, PA, UNIV CALGARY,OFF MED EDUC,CALGARY,AB T2N 4N1,CANADA 26 2 CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC OTTAWA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA ON K1Z 8R1, CANADA CAN J PUBL HEALTH-REV CAN SAN NOV-DEC Suppl. 2 Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health WC572
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - Computer
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - English
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - EXCHANGE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care reform
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - health research
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Dissemination
KW  - Integration
KW  - Management
KW  - NEED
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PLACE
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - reform
KW  - Research
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - Time
KW  - TOOL
KW  - US
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S34
EP  - S39
JF  - Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique
VL  - 87
N2  - Health care reform and restructuring, changes in the scope and definitions of 'health', 'health care' and 'health research', along with a continued emphasis on multi-disciplinary health promotion and prevention, all indicate the need for information dissemination, exchange and management. Technology can be a tool to help meet this need, as it can help us disseminate, as well as understand the process of dissemination. Rapid advances in, and reduced costs of technology, permit the integration of this tool. This paper provides a definition for dissemination, along with a background and rationale as to why now is the time and place to harness technology to assist with the dissemination process. In addition, it presents well-designed studies on the effective use of technology as an aid to dissemination. Concrete examples of innovative technology that are being tested are also examined. Finally, the challenge and strategies for technology integration are addressed
SN  - 0008-4263
UR  - ISI:A1996WC57200007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2015
T1  - Is qualitative research scientific, or merely relevant? Research-interested primary care and hospital physicians' appraisal of abstracts 1289
A1  - Johansson,E.E.
A1  - Risberg,G.
A1  - Hamberg,K.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Johansson, EE, Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden 17 5 TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS OSLO CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SCAND J PRIMARY HEALTH CARE MAR Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal 668AQ
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical relevance
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - GPS
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - interest
KW  - Into
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Logistic Regression
KW  - LOGISTIC-REGRESSION
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Norway
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - primary care
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - qualitative
KW  - qualitative methods
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - quality
KW  - Regression
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Sweden
KW  - trustworthiness
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 14
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective - To compare the assessments of primary care and hospital physicians of quantitative and qualitative research abstracts, and to analyse what they put into 'scientific accuracy'. Design and subjects - Two fictive research abstracts, one quantitative the other qualitative in design, were constructed. Randomly selected Swedish physicians were asked to appraise the two designs for linguistic clarity, clinical relevance, interest value, trustworthiness and scientific accuracy. Main outcome measures - 286 primary care and 396 hospital physicians delivered complete answers. Their assessments were analysed and compared using Pearson's chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression analyses and Spearman's rho. Results - Primary care physicians and hospital physicians judged the quantitative abstract similarly. More primary care physicians than hospital physicians appreciated the qualitative abstract. Both primary care and hospital physicians assessed scientific accuracy of the quantitative abstract more highly than clinical relevance, while the qualitative abstract was appreciated more for its relevance than for its scientific accuracy. Conclusions - The study indicates that qualitative research is valued for its relevance, but is considered lacking in scientific accuracy. To encourage high scientific quality and relevance in medical research, we need to enhance knowledge about qualitative methods, and their scientific guidelines, especially when complex and comprehensive phenomena are to be studied
SN  - 0281-3432
AV  - Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden.
UR  - ISI:000182268500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2016
T1  - Applying evidence standards to rehabilitation research 405
A1  - Johnston,M.V.
A1  - Sherer,M.
A1  - Whyte,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Johnston, MV, KMRREC, Res E, 1199 Pleasant Valley Way, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA 57 1 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA AMER J PHYS MED REHABIL APR Discipline: Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences 026XI
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Assistive Technology
KW  - blinding
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injuries
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - burn
KW  - challenge
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COHORT
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CORD
KW  - CORD INJURY
KW  - Correlational Studies
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - critique
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - grading
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - investigation
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - limitations
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Neurology
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - overview
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - person
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - quality
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - READERS GUIDE
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - REHABILITATION RESEARCH
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Spinal Cord Injuries
KW  - spinal cord injury
KW  - SPINAL-CORD
KW  - SPINAL-CORD-INJURY
KW  - Sport
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - VALLEY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 292
EP  - 309
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
VL  - 85
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: To describe evidence grading methods employed in the systematic reviews in this special series of articles. To provide an overview of results of these reviews to critique the quality of rehabilitation research. To identify issues in the application of evidence grading methods to rehabilitation. Design: Conceptual review of evidence-based practice and evidence grading methods. English-language research studies on rehabilitation of persons with spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and burn for the 5-yr period of 1999-2004 were reviewed using methods of the American Academy of Neurology supplemented by Cochrane criteria and summarized. Results: Rehabilitation has a shortage of high-level studies. The number of level I treatment studies was quite limited (five in spinal cord injury, 15 in traumatic brain injury, 12 in burn rehabilitation), as was the number of level 2 studies (26, 4, and 2, respectively). Despite the large number of correlational studies published, the number of high-level (1 or 2) diagnostic and prognostic studies was surprisingly limited (34, 11, and 5, respectively). The rate of production of high-level studies is rapidly increasing. Problems were encountered in applying standard evidence criteria to complex issues encountered in some studies, suggesting limitations and issues in evidence grading methodology. Conclusions: Rehabilitation needs more high-level studies. Some improvements; in research methodology are relatively affordable (e.g., improved blinding), whereas others are expensive (e.g., large randomized controlled trials). Lower-level investigations reporting promising results need to be followed by more definitive, higher-level trials
SN  - 0894-9115
AV  - KMRREC, Res E, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Moss Rehabil Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Rehabil Med, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA.
UR  - ISI:000236376200002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2017
T1  - The influence of students' cognitive and motivational variables in respect of cognitive conflict and conceptual change 639
A1  - Kang,S.
A1  - Scharmann,L.C.
A1  - Noh,T.
A1  - Koh,H.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Kang, S, Jeonju Natl Univ Educ, Dept Sci Educ, Jeonju 560757, South Korea kangsj@jnue.ac.kr 92 0 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ABINGDON 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND INT J SCI EDUC JUL 15 Discipline: Education & Educational Research 940GE
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - ACADEMIC RISK-TAKING
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ANOMALOUS DATA
KW  - Article
KW  - classroom
KW  - cognitive
KW  - cognitive conflict
KW  - Computer Assisted Instruction
KW  - Conception
KW  - conceptual change
KW  - conflict
KW  - CONTROVERSIAL TOPICS
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DENSITIES
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEMBEDDING ABILITY
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Goal Orientation
KW  - instruction
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - Korea
KW  - Learning
KW  - LEARNING-STRATEGIES
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Multiple Regression
KW  - Orientation
KW  - PREDICTOR
KW  - PREDICTORS
KW  - prior knowledge
KW  - REASONING ABILITY
KW  - Regression
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Responses
KW  - SCIENCE INSTRUCTION
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - SELF-EFFICACY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Thinking
KW  - tolerance
KW  - VARIABLES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1058
JA  - International Journal of Science Education
VL  - 27
IS  - 9
N2  - In this study, the relationships among students' cognitive/motivational variables, cognitive conflict, and conceptual change were investigated. Subjects were 159 seventh graders in Korea. Tests regarding logical thinking ability, field dependence/independence (FDI), meaningful learning approach, failure tolerance, mastery goal orientation, and self-efficacy were administered to examine students' cognitive/motivational characteristics. A preconception test and a test of responses to discrepant event were also conducted to examine the degree of students' cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event. Computer-assisted instruction, designed to change an undifferentiated weight-density concept into a scientific density concept, was then provided to students as a conceptual change intervention. A conception test was administered as a post-test. The results indicated that FDI was the only statistically significant variable correlated with the degree of cognitive conflict. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that logical thinking ability, FDI, and failure tolerance were statistically significant predictors of the conception test scores. Educational implications are discussed
SN  - 0950-0693
AV  - Jeonju Natl Univ Educ, Dept Sci Educ, Jeonju 560757, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151, South Korea.
UR  - ISI:000230130900002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2018
T1  - Adaptation of different computerized methods of distance learning to an external PharmD degree program 2632
A1  - Kaplan,I.P.
A1  - Patton,L.R.
A1  - Hamilton,R.A.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Article Kaplan, IP, ALBANY MED COLL UNION UNIV,ALBANY COLL PHARM,106 NEW SCOTLAND AVE,ALBANY,NY 12208 4 6 AMER ASSOC COLL PHARMACY ALEXANDRIA 1426 PRINCE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2815 AMER J PHARM EDUC WIN Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Pharmacology & Pharmacy WD293
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - College
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - Computer
KW  - computerized
KW  - COURSES
KW  - discipline
KW  - Distance learning
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - EXCHANGE
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Learning
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - participation
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 422
EP  - 425
JF  - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
N2  - The Journal Club component of Drug Information/literature Evaluation/Biostatistics, a required course in the Doctor of Pharmacy program, has been conducted online for students in the nontraditional program for three semesters. The New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) Virtual Classroom(TM) was used for the first semester. Wildcat! was used for the subsequent semesters, first via dial-up modem, and then via an Internet connection. Students interacted well on both systems, with skills improving over the course of the semester. Students felt more ''attached'' to the College and to the class than in previous distance learning courses as a result of their computer participation
SN  - 0002-9459
UR  - ISI:A1996WD29300018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2019
T1  - The Critical Care Research Network: a partnership in community-based research and research transfer 1983
A1  - Keenan,S.P.
A1  - Martin,C.M.
A1  - Kossuth,J.D.
A1  - Eberhard,J.
A1  - Sibbald,W.J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Keenan, SP, St Pauls Hosp, Ctr Hlth Evaluat & Outcome Sci, 620-B,1081 Burrad St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada 42 5 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT FEB Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 302LE
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION
KW  - Goals
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - History
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - Networks
KW  - Objectives
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PARTNERSHIP
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - progress
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - question
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH NETWORK
KW  - Research Utilization
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - UNIT
KW  - utilization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 15
EP  - 22
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - The objectives of this study were to present a short history of the Critical Care Research Network (CCR-Net), describe its approach to health services research and to summarize completed and current research projects. In doing this, we explored the question is this research network accomplishing its goals? We reviewed the medical literature to identify studies on similar types of Networks and also the evidence supporting the methodology used by CCR-Net to conduct research using MEDLINE, HEALTHSTAR, CINAHL and the keywords network and health care or healthcare, benchmarking and health care or healthcare, and research transfer or research utilization. We also reviewed the bibliographies of retrieved articles and our personal files, In addition, we summarized the results of studies conducted by CCR-Net and outlined those currently in progress. A review of the literature identified studies on two similar networks that appeared to be succeeding. In addition, the literature was also supportive of the general process used by CCR-Net, although the level of evidence varied. Finally, the studies conducted to date within CCR-Net follow the suggested methodology. At the time of this preliminary communication CCR-Net appears to have adopted a valid approach to health services research within the area of Critical Care Medicine. Further direct evidence is required and appropriate studies are planned
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - St Pauls Hosp, Ctr Hlth Evaluat & Outcome Sci, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. London Hlth Sci Ctr, Richard Ivey Crit Care Trauma Ctr, London, ON, Canada. Crit Care Res Network, London, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000086365900003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2020
T1  - Education and the academic left: Critical reflections on Todd Gitlin 153
A1  - Kellner,D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Kellner, D, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA 41 0 WEST CHESTER UNIV W CHESTER SPECIAL FUNDS OFFICE, W CHESTER, PA 19383 USA COLL LIT FAL Discipline: Literature 097JI
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reflection
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Literature
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - mind
KW  - Multiculturalism
KW  - On
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Research
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - VERSION
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - +
JF  - College Literature
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
N2  - This study provides a critical reading of Todd Gitlin's ne Intellectuals and the Flag (2006) in the context of his writing on the university and what he calls the "academic left" over the past decade. The focus is on Gitlin's critiques of various types of social theory and research which he finds distinctive of "the academic left," as well as on his reflections on education and the university The essay argues that Gitlin's critique articulates with the rightwing attack on the university and academic left, reproducing positions first popularized by Allan Bloom in ne Closing of the American Mind (1987). Like Bloom, Gitlin bemoans the influence of German romanticism, Big T Theory, cultural studies, and certain versions of multiculturalism, thus positioning Gitlin as the leftwing of the right's attack on the university and academic left
SN  - 0093-3139
AV  - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
UR  - ISI:000241443000006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2021
T1  - A new approach to teaching and learning in journal club 2149
A1  - Khan,K.S.
A1  - Gee,H.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Khan, KS, Birmingham Womens Hlth Care NHS Trust, Acad Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England 22 5 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH MAY Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 207TK
KW  - ACQUISITION
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - CAPACITY
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - context
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning experiences
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problem-solving skills
KW  - problems
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Trust
KW  - Use
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 289
EP  - 293
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - In order to develop the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances, trainee doctors need to equip themselves with skills in acquisition, appraisal and application of new knowledge. The journal club traditionally provides a forum where these skills can be fostered. A newly introduced journal club format is described, which has a careful selection of learning experiences to enhance deep learning of these skills. The journal club is placed in the context of clinical care problems that require use of information from the medical literature. These problems are converted into focused, answerable clinical questions. Based on the clinical question, systematic literature searches are conducted and the identified articles are appraised using structured methodological guidelines. Clinical problem-solving skills are acquired through use of teaching methods that are associated with learning-for-understanding
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Birmingham Womens Hosp NHS Trust, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000080951700008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2022
T1  - Cardiovascular variability after arousal from sleep: time-varying spectral analysis 1156
A1  - Blasi,A.
A1  - Jo,J.
A1  - Valladares,E.
A1  - Morgan,B.J.
A1  - Skatrud,J.B.
A1  - Khoo,M.C.K.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Khoo, MCK, Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, OHE-500,Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA 44 10 AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC BETHESDA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA J APPL PHYSIOL OCT Discipline: Physiology; Sport Sciences 722QD
KW  - activity
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Arousal
KW  - Article
KW  - autonomic nervous system
KW  - Average
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - blood pressure variability
KW  - BLOOD-PRESSURE
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Effect
KW  - COURSES
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FREQUENCY-DOMAIN
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Rate
KW  - heart rate variability
KW  - HEART-RATE
KW  - HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY
KW  - Human
KW  - Humans
KW  - IF
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - LASTING SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LONG
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - mathematical modeling
KW  - modeling
KW  - MUSCLE
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - Normal Human
KW  - NREM SLEEP
KW  - On
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - physiological oscillations
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - power
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - RATE-VARIABILITY
KW  - Respiration
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Science
KW  - Sleep
KW  - sleep-disordered breathing
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS
KW  - Sport
KW  - SYMPATHOVAGAL BALANCE
KW  - SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION
KW  - Systolic Blood Pressure
KW  - Time
KW  - TIME-COURSE
KW  - TRANSIENT AROUSAL
KW  - USA
KW  - VARIABILITY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1394
EP  - 1404
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
N2  - We performed time-varying spectral analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) recorded from 16 normal humans during acoustically induced arousals from sleep. Time-varying autoregressive modeling was employed to estimate the time courses of high-frequency HRV power, low-frequency HRV power, the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency HRV power, and low-frequency power of systolic BPV. To delineate the influence of respiration on HRV, we also computed respiratory airflow high-frequency power, the modified ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency HRV power, and the average transfer gain between respiration and heart rate. During cortical arousal, muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate increased and returned rapidly to baseline, but systolic blood pressure, the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency HRV power, low-frequency HRV power, the modified ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency HRV power, and low-frequency power of systolic BPV displayed increases that remained above baseline up to 40 s after arousal. High-frequency HRV power and airflow high-frequency power showed concommitant decreases to levels below baseline, whereas the average transfer gain between respiration and heart rate remained unchanged. These findings suggest that 1) arousal-induced changes in parasympathetic activity are strongly coupled to respiratory pattern and 2) the sympatho-excitatory cardiovascular effects of arousal are relatively long lasting and may accumulate if repetitive arousals occur in close succession
SN  - 8750-7587
AV  - Univ So Calif, Dept Biomed Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Madison, WI USA.
UR  - ISI:000185386800009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2023
T1  - The prime curriculum - Clinical research training during residency 350
A1  - Kohlwes,R.J.
A1  - Shunk,R.L.
A1  - Avins,A.
A1  - Garber,J.
A1  - Bent,S.
A1  - Shlipak,M.G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Kohlwes, RJ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, Box 3,4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA jeffk@medicine.ucsf.edu 25 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J GEN INTERN MED MAY Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 040ZL
KW  - And
KW  - Anemia
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Book
KW  - California
KW  - Career
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - clinical research training
KW  - CLINICAL-EVALUATION
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - HEART
KW  - HIV
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Learning
KW  - LEUKEMIA
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - mentoring
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEPHROPATHY
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - Paper
KW  - Prevention
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Research
KW  - research method
KW  - research methods
KW  - research training
KW  - researchers
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - San Francisco
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - SOUL
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Hospital
KW  - Training
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 506
EP  - 509
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
N2  - AIM: The Primary Medical Education (PRIME) program is an outpatient-based, internal medicine residency track nested within the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) categorical medicine program. Primary Medical Education is based at the San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), 1 of 3 teaching hospitals at UCSF. The program accepts 8 UCSF medicine residents annually, who differentiate into PRIME after internship. In 2000, we implemented a novel research methods curriculum with the dual purposes of teaching basic epidemiology skills and providing mentored opportunities for clinical research projects during residency. SETTING: Single academic internal medicine program. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The PRIME curriculum utilizes didactic lecture, frequent journal clubs, work-in-progress sessions, and active mentoring to enable residents to "try out" a clinical research project during residency. PROGRAM EVALUATION: Among 32 residents in 4 years, 22 residents have produced 20 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 1 paper under review, and 2 book chapters. Their clinical evaluations are equivalent to other UCSF medicine residents. DISCUSSION: While learning skills in evidence-based medicine, residents can conduct high-quality research. Utilizing a collaboration of General Internal Medicine researchers and educators, our curriculum affords residents the opportunity to "try-out" clinical research as a potential future career choice
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Gen Internal Med Sect, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
UR  - ISI:000237422300022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2024
T1  - On analytical usefulness of the recovery method 877
A1  - Koscielniak,P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Koscielniak, P, Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland koscieln@chemia.uj.edu.pl 10 0 MARCEL DEKKER INC NEW YORK 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA ANAL LETT SEP Discipline: Chemistry, Analytical 861KU
KW  - Analysis
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - arsenic
KW  - Article
KW  - atomic fluorescence spectroscopy
KW  - ATOMIC-ABSORPTION
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - Blood Analysis
KW  - Calibration
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - content
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - INTERFERENCE
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - Measurement
KW  - method
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - On
KW  - Poland
KW  - practice
KW  - recovery
KW  - recovery method
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Sample
KW  - SAMPLES
KW  - Selenium
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARD ADDITION METHOD
KW  - theoretical
KW  - USA
KW  - VERSION
KW  - VIEW
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2625
EP  - 2640
JF  - Analytical Letters
VL  - 37
IS  - 12
N2  - The recovery method-applied increasingly frequently to studying the effectiveness of analytical procedures-is subjected to a detailed critical appraisal. Two versions of this method that have practical applications are presented, as are broad interpretation possibilities. Effects that may occur during the analytical procedure have been classified and the significance of these effects for the reliability of results gained by the recovery method has been defined. The similarities and differences between this method and the standard addition method have been indicated. Theoretical deliberations are supported by results of analysis of blood samples for selenium and arsenic content by the atomic fluorescence spectrometry method. It has been shown that the "surrogate" version of the recovery method, although potentially attractive from the analytical point of view, in practice can be very unreliable and the more complex the laboratory procedures for preparing the sample for measurement, the more risky is its application
SN  - 0003-2719
AV  - Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland.
UR  - ISI:000224416200015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2025
T1  - Clinical teachers' attitudes toward the efficacy of evidence-based medicine workshop and self-reported ability in evidence-based practice in Iran 172
A1  - Kouhpayehzadeh,J.
A1  - Baradaran,H.
A1  - Arabshahi,K.S.
A1  - Knill-Jones,R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Kouhpayehzadeh, J, Iran Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Dept Social & Prevent, POB 14155-5983, Tehran 14496, Iran jkuh-paych@yahoo.com 11 0 JOHN WILEY & SONS INC HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA J CONTIN EDUC HEALTH PROF SUM Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 092XZ
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - continuing medical development
KW  - Countries
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Medical School
KW  - medical schools
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOLS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - physician education
KW  - practice
KW  - PRACTICE PATTERNS
KW  - professional
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Rank Sum Test
KW  - Responses
KW  - RIVER
KW  - SCALE
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TESTS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 210
EP  - 214
JF  - Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
N2  - Introduction: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been introduced in medical schools worldwide, but there is little known about effective methods for teaching EBM skills, particularly in developing countries. This study assesses the impact of an EBM workshop on clinical teachers'attitudes and use of EBM skills. Methods: Seventy-two clinical teachers attended two half-day workshops on EBM. Participants completed precourse andpostcourse questionnaires using a 5-pointLikert scale. Nonparametric 2-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to compare responses. Results: Attitudes about EBM improved (3.2 precourse vs 3.4 postcourse), as did selfreported EBM skills (3. 1 vs 4.4, p <. 0001). Discussion: An EBM workshop may improve clinical teachers'abilities and skills in using EBM. However, carefully designed studies are required to evaluate the long-term effects of EBM curricula in changing behaviors, practice patterns, and patient care outcomes
SN  - 0894-1912
AV  - Iran Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Dept Social & Prevent, Tehran 14496, Iran. Iran Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran 14496, Iran. Iran Univ Med Sci, Educ Dev Ctr, Dept Med, Tehran 14496, Iran. Univ Glasgow, Sect Publ Hlth & Hlth Policy, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000241132300006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2026
T1  - Do short courses in evidence based medicine improve knowledge and skills? Validation of Berlin questionnaire and before and after study of courses in evidence based medicine 1384
A1  - Fritsche,L.
A1  - Greenhalgh,T.
A1  - Falck-Ytter,Y.
A1  - Neumayer,H.H.
A1  - Kunz,R.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Kunz, R, Charite, Dept Nephrol, Campus Mitte, D-10117 Berlin, Germany 22 20 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J DEC 7 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 625LC
KW  - ABSENCE
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Average
KW  - based medicine
KW  - Berlin
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - COURSES
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Experts
KW  - Germany
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intensive
KW  - intervention
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEAD
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - READ
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - small groups
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TEACHING RESIDENTS
KW  - VALIDATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1338
EP  - 1341
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 325
IS  - 7376
N2  - Objective To develop and validate an instrument for measuring knowledge and skills in evidence based medicine and to investigate whether short courses in evidence based medicine lead to a meaningful increase in knowledge and skills. Design Development and validation of an assessment instrument and before and after study. Setting Various postgraduate short courses in evidence based medicine in Germany. Participants The instrument was validated with experts in evidence based medicine, postgraduate doctors, and medical students. The effect of courses was assessed by postgraduate doctors from medical and surgical backgrounds. Intervention Intensive 3 day courses in evidence based medicine delivered through tutor facilitated small groups. Main outcome measure Increase in knowledge and skills. Results The questionnaire distinguished reliably between groups with different expertise in evidence based medicine. Experts attained a threefold higher average score than students. Postgraduates who had not attended a course performed better than students but significantly worse than experts. Knowledge and skills in evidence based medicine increased after the course by 57% (mean score before course 6.3 (SD 2.9) v 9.9 (SD 2.8), P < 0.001). No difference was found among experts or students in absence of an intervention. Conclusions The instrument reliably assessed knowledge and skills in evidence based medicine. An intensive 3 day course in evidence based medicine led to a significant increase in knowledge and skills
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Charite, Dept Nephrol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Univ Coll London, Dept Primary Hlth Care, London N19 3UA, England. Univ Freiburg, Inst Med Biometry & Med Informat, German Cochrane Ctr, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000179817100023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2027
T1  - Use of an Internet-based journal club 2580
A1  - Kuppersmith,R.B.
A1  - Stewart,M.G.
A1  - Ohlms,L.A.
A1  - Coker,N.J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Kuppersmith, RB, BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OTORHINOLARYNGOL & COMMUNICAT SCI,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030 0 13 MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG APR Discipline: Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery WV687
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - Article
KW  - Book
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Head
KW  - Internet
KW  - Internet technologies
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Technology
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 497
EP  - 498
JF  - Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
N2  - The on-line journal club is a useful example of the educational advantages created by the combination of current Internet technology with traditional journal club methods
SN  - 0194-5998
UR  - ISI:A1997WV68700014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2028
T1  - Conservative approach is feasible in the management of acute diverticulitis of the right colon 1454
A1  - Chiu,P.W.Y.
A1  - Lam,C.Y.W.
A1  - Chow,T.L.
A1  - Kwok,S.P.Y.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Kwok, SPY, United Christian Hosp, Dept Surg, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 7 5 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA CARLTON 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA ANZ J SURG NOV Discipline: Surgery 586PH
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - appendectomy
KW  - appendicitis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Asia
KW  - Australia
KW  - China
KW  - COLON
KW  - conservative
KW  - controversies
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - diverticulitis
KW  - DURATION
KW  - English
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Hospital
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Note
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Review
KW  - right colon
KW  - RIGHT HEMICOLECTOMY
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT
KW  - SURGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT STRATEGIES
KW  - treatment strategy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 634
EP  - 636
JF  - ANZ Journal of Surgery.Vol.76(9)()(pp 805-811), 2006.
J1  - ANZ Journal of Surgery
VL  - 71
IS  - 11
N2  - Background: Acute diverticulitis of the caecum and ascending colon is uncommon. Controversies abound as regards the optimal surgical treatment, ranging from appendectomy, diverticulectomy to right hemicolectomy. The aim of the present paper was to review treatment strategy followed by a critical appraisal. Methods: The case notes of 30 patients with acute diverticulitis of the right colon who were treated at the United Christian Hos-pital, Hong Kong from 1992 to 1998 were systematically reviewed. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The median age was 34 years, with a male:female ratio of 1:1.15. All patients presented with acute right lower abdominal pain and localized rebound tenderness. All were diagnosed preoperatively as having appendicitis. The mean duration of symptoms was 2 days (range: 1-6 days). Two treatment groups were identified. Group A (n = 16; 53%) received appendicectomy alone, while group B (n = 14; 47%) underwent diverticulectomy in addition to appendicectomy, including one patient with perforated diverticulitis. Overall, there was no procedure-related morbidity or mortality. Both groups received a similar duration of broad-spectrum anti-biotics. All the patients were interviewed by phone after operation to detect any recurrence of symptoms, with a median follow-up interval of 34 months (range: 11-78 months). There was no recurrence of symptoms in group A, which received appendicectomy and antibiotics. The only difference was operative time. Conclusion: For non-perforated diverticulitis of the right colon, appendicectomy and intravenous antibiotics without diverticulectomy is the preferred treatment strategy
SN  - 1445-1433
AV  - United Christian Hosp, Dept Surg, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
UR  - ISI:000177592800005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2029
T1  - Hershey Medical Center Technical Workshop Report: Optimizing the design and interpretation of epiderniologic studies for assessing neurodevelopmental effects from in utero chemical exposure 88
A1  - Amler,R.W.
A1  - Barone,S.
A1  - Belgerc,A.
A1  - Berlin,C.M.
A1  - Cox,C.
A1  - Frank,H.
A1  - Goodman,M.
A1  - Harry,J.
A1  - Hooper,S.R.
A1  - Ladda,R.
A1  - LaKind,J.S.
A1  - Lipkin,P.H.
A1  - Lipsitt,L.P.
A1  - Lorber,M.N.
A1  - Myers,G.
A1  - Mason,A.M.
A1  - Needham,L.L.
A1  - Sonawane,B.
A1  - Wachs,T.D.
A1  - Yager,J.W.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article LaKind, JS, Univ Maryland, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State Coll Med, LaKind Associates LLC, 106 Oakdale Ave, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA lakindassoc@comcast.net 98 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS NEUROTOXICOLOGY SEP Sp. Iss. SI Discipline: Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology 082SZ
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
KW  - BABIES
KW  - Bias
KW  - Central Nervous System
KW  - CHEMICALS
KW  - CHILD-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - cognitive
KW  - COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Competence
KW  - computerized
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Confounding Variable
KW  - Consensus
KW  - critical
KW  - critical periods
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DEVELOPING BRAIN
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - DOMAINS
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - Education
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Error
KW  - Etiology
KW  - Exposure
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - FETAL EXPOSURE
KW  - FIELD
KW  - formulation
KW  - functions
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - HUMAN HEALTH
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - interest
KW  - interpretation
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - Into
KW  - investigation
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning disabilities
KW  - Life
KW  - longitudinal
KW  - manuscripts
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurements
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - MECONIUM ANALYSIS
KW  - MENTAL-RETARDATION
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - nervous system
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - NONHUMAN-PRIMATES
KW  - On
KW  - OPERANT TEST BATTERY
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure
KW  - principles
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READ
KW  - Recognition
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Research Question
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SI
KW  - STAGE
KW  - Standard
KW  - STATE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Error
KW  - TERM
KW  - Test Results
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Time
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - tracking
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VARIABLES
KW  - varieties
KW  - Work
KW  - Workshop
KW  - young children
KW  - YOUNG-CHILDREN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 861
EP  - 874
JF  - Neurotoxicology
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
N2  - Neurodevelopmental disabilities affect 3-8% of the 4 million babies born each year in the U.S. alone, with known etiology for less than 25% of those disabilities. Numerous investigations have sought to determine the role of environmental exposures in the etiology of a variety of human neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., learning disabilities, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities) that are manifested in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. A comprehensive critical examination and discussion of the various methodologies commonly used in investigations is needed. The Hershey Medical Center Technical Workshop: Optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies forassessing neurodevelopmental effects from in utero chemical exposure provided such a forum for examining these methodologies. The objective of the Workshop was to develop scientific consensus on the key principles and considerations for optimizing the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies of in utero exposure to environmental chemicals and subsequent neurodevelopmental effects. (The Panel recognized that the nervous system develops post-natally and that critical periods of exposure can span several developmental life stages.) Discussions from the Workshop Panel generated 17 summary points representing key tenets of work in this field. These points stressed the importance of: center dot a well-defined, biologically plausible hypothesis as the foundation of in utero studies for assessing neurodevelopmental outcomes; center dot understanding of the exposure to the environmental chemical(s) of interest, underlying mechanisms of toxicity, and anticipated outcomes; center dot the use of a prospective, longitudinal cohort design that, when possible, runs for periods of 2-5 years, and possibly even longer, in an effort to assess functions at key developmental epochs; center dot measuring potentially confounding variables at regular, fixed time intervals; center dot including measures of specific cognitive and social-emotional domains along with non-cognitive competence in young children, as well as comprehensive measures of health; center dot consistency of research design protocols across studies (i.e., tests, covariates, and analysis styles) in an effort to improve interstudy comparisons; center dot emphasis on design features that minimize introduction of systematic error at all stages of investigation: participant selection, data collection and analysis, and interpretation of results; these would include (but not be limited to) reducing selection bias, using double-blind designs, and avoiding post hoc formulation of hypotheses; center dot a priori data analysis strategies tied to hypotheses and the overall research design, particularly for methods used to characterize and address confounders in any neurodevelopmental study; center dot actual quantitative measurements of exposure, even if indirect, rather than methods based on subject recall; center dot careful examination of standard test batteries to ensure that the battery is tailored to the age group as well as what is known about the specific neurotoxic effects on the developing nervous system; center dot establishment of a system for neurodevelopmental surveillance for tracking the outcomes from in utero exposure across early developmental time periods to determine whether central nervous system injuries may be lying silent until developmentally challenged; center dot ongoing exploration of computerized measures that are culturally and linguistically sensitive, and span the age range from birth into the adolescent years; center dot routine incorporation of narrative in manuscripts concerning the possibility of spurious (i.e., false positive and false negative) test results in all research reportage (this can be facilitated by detailed, transparent reporting of design, covariates, and analyses so that others can attempt to replicate the study); center dot forthright, disciplined, and intellectually honest treatment of the extent to which results of any study are conclusive - that is, how generalizable the results of the study are in terms of the implications for the individual study participants, the community studied, and human health overall; center dot confinement of reporting to the actual research questions, how they were tested, and what the study found, and avoiding, or at least keeping to a minimum, any opinions or speculation concerning public health implications; center dot education of clinicians and policymakers to critically read scientific reports, and to interpret study findings and conclusions appropriately; and center dot recognition by investigators of their ethical duty to report negative as well as positive findings, and the importance of neither minimizing nor exaggerating these findings. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0161-813X
AV  - Univ Maryland, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Penn State Coll Med, LaKind Associates LLC, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. New York Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Penn State Univ, Childrens Hosp, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Pediat,Coll Med, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Clin Ctr Study Dev & Learning, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Kennedy Krieger Inst, Div Neurol & Dev Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Psychol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Neurol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
UR  - ISI:000240408800025
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2030
T1  - Strategies for implementing evidence-based practice in early intervention 1856
A1  - Law,M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Law, M, McMaster Univ, CanChild Ctr Childhood Disabil Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada 14 4 ASPEN PUBL INC FREDERICK 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA INFANT YOUNG CHILDREN OCT Discipline: Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation 368UB
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - Childhood
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Early Intervention
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - expertise
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Infant
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Law
KW  - Literature
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - psychology
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - USA
KW  - young children
KW  - YOUNG-CHILDREN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 32
EP  - 40
JF  - Infants and Young Children
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - All health care practitioners are being urged to develop evidence-based practices. In an evidence-based early intervention practice, research findings are integrated with clinical knowledge and expertise to make decisions that provide the best services for children and their families. There are many challenges to developing an evidence-based practice. This article focuses on specific strategies that can be used to evolve an evidence-based practice. The article describes methods to gather information from the research literature and other sources, to review research studies critically, and to summarize research information for practice using a model to support evidence-based practice. An example of the application of these strategies to early intervention is included
SN  - 0896-3746
AV  - McMaster Univ, CanChild Ctr Childhood Disabil Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Sch Rehabil Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000090135000006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2031
T1  - Larynx preservation surgery for advanced posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma with free flap reconstruction: a critical appraisal 1174
A1  - Jol,J.K.A.D.
A1  - Quak,J.J.
A1  - de Bree,R.
A1  - Leemans,C.R.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Leemans, CR, VU Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, POB 7057, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands 16 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND ORAL ONCOL SEP Discipline: Oncology; Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 713PC
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASPIRATION
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - chronic
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - complications
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DEFECTS
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feeding
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - free flap reconstruction
KW  - Head
KW  - LARYNX
KW  - larynx preservation
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - LOSSES
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NECK-CANCER
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - oncologic results
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma
KW  - PRESERVATION
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION
KW  - RESECTION
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - SERIES
KW  - STAGE
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical procedure
KW  - Survival
KW  - swallowing results
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 552
EP  - 558
JF  - Oral Oncology
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
N2  - To report the functional and oncologic results of larynx preservation surgery with free flap reconstruction for posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma. Retrospective medical chart review. Tertiary care referral center. We present a series of seven patients, who were treated for an advanced stage posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma between 1995 and 1998. All patients underwent posterior pharyngectomy with larynx preservation via a suprahyoidal approach for carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall, with radial forearm free flap reconstruction. Complications occurred in three patients with grade 3 comorbidity, one of whom suffered flap loss. After a mean follow-up of 48 months, three patients are alive without disease. One patient is alive with a second primary tongue carcinoma. Two patients died of disease, whereas one patient died of another cause. All patients could be decannulated and maintain their voice. Six out of seven patients were able to take oral nutrition, although four patients needed additional PEG-tube feeding. Posterior pharyngectomy with larynx preservation and radial forearm free flap reconstruction is feasible in selected patients, with acceptable functional results and survival. However, the patient must be aware of the risk of chronic aspiration and the possibility of long-term PEG feedings. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 1368-8375
AV  - VU Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, NL-1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
UR  - ISI:000184866300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2032
T1  - Application of computers in clinical diabetes care 2549
A1  - Lehmann,E.D.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Lehmann, ED, UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,ROYAL BROMPTON HOSP,NATL HEART & LUNG INST,LONDON SW3 6NP,ENGLAND 47 20 EDITRICE KURTIS S R L MILANO VIA LUIGI ZOJA, 30-20153 MILANO, ITALY DIABETES NUTR METAB APR Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics XH769
KW  - AIDA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BLOOD-GLUCOSE
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - COMPLICATIONS TRIAL
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - cost benefit
KW  - cost-benefit
KW  - Coverage
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - decision support
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES CARE
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - diamond
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - games
KW  - HEART
KW  - ideas
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - LUNG
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - metabolism
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Research
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Software
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
KW  - Telemedicine
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 45
EP  - 59
JF  - Diabetes Nutrition & Metabolism
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
N2  - This article critically appraises selected clinically related papers that recently appeared in a two-part Special Issue of Medical Informatics, the official journal of the European Federation for Medical Informatics, This has been devoted to the application of computers in clinical diabetes care, The 15 papers included in the Special Issues cover database systems (including telemedicine and smart-card based applications), algorithmic-based systems, decision-support prototypes, the use of models, and educational software, In this article the computing background to the work is overviewed, before the clinical need and potential cost-benefits of utilising information technology in clinical diabetes care are highlighted, The DIAMOND, DIABCARD, DIABTel, HumaLink, AIDA, 'Packy & Marlon', and 'Learning Diabetes' systems are reviewed, Concerns over evaluation methodologies are raised and it is suggested that such issues need to be addressed, before programs like these will see widespread utilisation and clinical acceptance, Although the Medical Informatics Special Issues should not be considered as in any way comprehensive in their coverage of clinical diabetes computing - it is hoped that the compilation of papers provided there - along with this critical appraisal - may offer a useful source of novel ideas - as well as, perhaps, a starting point for future research. (C) 1997, Editrice Kurtis
SN  - 0394-3402
AV  - ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP,ROYAL HOSP NHS TRUST,DEPT RADIOL,LONDON,ENGLAND.
UR  - ISI:A1997XH76900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2033
T1  - Compartmental models for glycaemic prediction and decision-support in clinical diabetes care: promise and reality 2367
A1  - Lehmann,E.D.
A1  - Deutsch,T.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Lehmann, ED, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Imaging, Royal Brompton Hosp, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, Sydney St, London SW3 6NP, England 57 13 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND COMPUT METHOD PROGRAM BIOMED MAY Discipline: Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics 100QE
KW  - ADJUSTMENT
KW  - ADVISER
KW  - AIDA
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - biomedical
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - BLOOD-GLUCOSE
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - compartmental models
KW  - Computer
KW  - computer systems
KW  - Computers
KW  - Contrast
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - data
KW  - DAY-TO-DAY
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision support
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES CARE
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effort
KW  - Engineering
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - GLUCOSE
KW  - glycaemic predictions
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - GUIDES
KW  - HEART
KW  - Imaging
KW  - insulin-dosage adjustment
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Internet
KW  - Into
KW  - Ireland
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - London
KW  - LUNG
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - MELLITUS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Paper
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - REALITY
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Technique
KW  - Telemedicine
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - TOOL
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNCERTAINTIES
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 193
EP  - 204
JF  - Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper reviews and critically appraises the application of compartmental models for generating glycaemic predictions and offering clinical decision support in diabetes care. Comparisons are made with alternative algorithmic-based approaches. Unresolved issues raised for model-based techniques include the relative lack of input data necessary for generating reasonable blood glucose predictions, and the high level of uncertainty associated with such predictions which limits their use as guides for therapeutic insulin-dosage adjustments. It is concluded that compartmental model-based approaches, while not offering much benefit for clinical/therapeutic application, will have a role to play as research tools and for educational use. By contrast it is proposed that algorithmic-based approaches, especially in conjunction with telemedicine and Internet applications, are likely to see growing use for day-to-day therapeutic decision support. Randomised controlled clinical trials however will be required, together with other evaluation efforts, before algorithmic-based approaches-like any other clinical technique-can be widely adopted into routine medical practice. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0169-2607
AV  - Univ London St Bartholomews Hosp Med Coll, Acad Dept Radiol, London EC1A 7BE, England. Semmelweis Univ Med, Ctr Informat, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
UR  - ISI:000074826200010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2034
T1  - Searching for diabetes decision aids and related background information 268
A1  - Lenz,M.
A1  - Kasper,J.
A1  - Muhlhauser,I.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Lenz, M, Univ Hamburg, Unit Hlth Sci & Educ, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany matthias.lenz@uni-hamburg.de 27 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND DIABETIC MED AUG Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 067WF
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Access to Information
KW  - AIDS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision aids
KW  - decision support technique
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - development
KW  - Developmental Stage
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES CARE
KW  - DIAGNOSED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - extraction
KW  - feasibility
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Funding
KW  - Germany
KW  - health-care evaluation mechanisms
KW  - Home
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - implementation
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - INVENTORY
KW  - Literature
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Medline
KW  - metabolism
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - PubMed
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - Searching
KW  - STAGE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - theoretical
KW  - tracking
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Web
KW  - WORLD
KW  - World Wide Web
KW  - WORLD-WIDE-WEB
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 912
EP  - 916
JF  - Diabetic Medicine
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
N2  - Aims Patient decision aids (DAs) are interventions designed to help patients making informed decisions. DAs are complex interventions comprising a number of active components each essential to the proper functioning of the aid. Critical appraisal of DAs therefore requires access to information describing the incremental assessment of each stage in their development, including information about the theoretical funding, development processes, efficacy trials and long-term implementation. We explored the feasibility of identifying such information with conventional database search strategies. Our study was conducted only in the field of diabetes care. Methods The 'Inventory of Existing Patient Decision Aids', MEDLINE (PubMed) and the World Wide Web were used to identify DAs relevant for diabetes care. For tracking information concerning each developmental stage, the reference lists of the DAs, home pages of the authors, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane database were searched systematically. Results A total of 13 DAs relevant for diabetes care were identified. The search for publications concerning their development yielded more than 3000 results, only 10 of which referred to at least one of the 13 DAs. No additional background information was found on the home pages of the authors. Conclusions Conventional database search strategies do not allow the extraction of information about the stages in development of a DA. To facilitate critical appraisal of DAs, we propose the creation of an electronic database which provides information about available DAs, together with the relevant background literature, or to incorporate such a system into existing databases
SN  - 0742-3071
AV  - Univ Hamburg, Unit Hlth Sci & Educ, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000239332600015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2035
T1  - Teaching critical evaluation of clinical literature in an evidence-based environment 1972
A1  - Letterie,G.S.
A1  - Morgenstern,L.S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Letterie, GS, Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Ctr Fertil & Reprod Endocrinol, 1100 9th Ave FC-11, Seattle, WA 98110 USA 10 7 SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC ST LOUIS P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA J REPROD MED APR Discipline: Obstetrics & Gynecology 308DB
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - clinical literature
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - complexity
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Experimental Design
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - INFECTIOUS-DISEASE
KW  - instruction
KW  - interest
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Literature
KW  - MEDICAL JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - On
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - P-Value
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - residency,medical
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Staff
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - values
KW  - varieties
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 299
EP  - 304
JF  - Journal of Reproductive Medicine.2001 Feb; 46(2): Suppl: 163-8, 187-97.(12 ref)
J1  - Journal of Reproductive Medicine
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a curriculum in epidemiology, biostatistics and experimental design that uses a journal club format for resident instruction and to assess participants' response to this format. STUDY DESIGN: A curriculum over 12 months included 24 concepts descriptive of topics considered critical in the assessment and evaluation of literature descriptive of clinical practice and patient care. There was one two-hour session per month for 12 months. Two sets of articles were distributed for each session. The first set consisted of literature on the topics of epidemiology, biostatistics and experimental design. These concepts increased in complexity throughout the academic year, starting from simple concepts, such as P values, and progressing to more-involved and complicated concepts, such Its metaanalysis. The second set of articles consisted of literature an clinical topics. It was intended to illustrate and emphasize the concepts of experimental design and statistical analysis presented in the first set of articles. These clinical articles were both contemporary and historical and were from a variety of medical disciplines, including internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, orthopedics, infectious disease, anesthesiology, pediatrics and psychiatry. A questionnaire was distributed to the students at the conclusion of the curriculum. RESULTS: This format was well received by both residents and staff. Eighty-five percent of the residents expressed interest in continuing the format without a major change. Fifteen percent requested restricting the clinical literature to obstetrics and gynecology. CONCLUSION: This format proved an excellent method of training residents in evaluating clinical literature and providing familiarity with concepts in epidemiology, biostatistics and experimental design
SN  - 0024-7758
AV  - Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Ctr Fertil & Reprod Endocrinol, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
UR  - ISI:000086694300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2036
T1  - The Heart Failure Journal Club: a review of publications on heart failure in the European Heart Journal 1563
A1  - Louis,A.A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Louis, AA, Univ Hull, Hull Royal Infirm, Dept Cardiol, Kingston Upon Hull, Yorks, England 0 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS EUR J HEART FAIL JAN Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 525QT
KW  - AA
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EUROPEAN-SOCIETY
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - HEART-FAILURE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 109
JF  - European Journal of Heart Failure
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
N2  - This is one of a series of articles reviewing the literature on heart failure from the world's leading cardiovascular journals. All articles published in the European Heart Journal during the year 2000 were identified and those relevant to heart failure were reviewed. This includes all original scientific articles, systematic reviews and key editorials. This may prove a valuable resource for keeping up to date with the literature on heart failure. (C) 2002 European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved
SN  - 1388-9842
AV  - Univ Hull, Hull Royal Infirm, Dept Cardiol, Kingston Upon Hull, Yorks, England.
UR  - ISI:000174083000014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2037
T1  - A systematic approach for midwifery students: How to consider evidence-based research findings 1213
A1  - Lydon-Rochelle,M.T.
A1  - Hodnett,E.
A1  - Renfrew,M.J.
A1  - Lumley,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Lydon-Rochelle, MT, Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Child Nursing, Mailstop 357262, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 30 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA J MIDWIFERY WOMEN HEALTH JUL-AUG Discipline: Nursing 701XL
KW  - AMERICAN-COLLEGE
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Child
KW  - classroom
KW  - College
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - educational models
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence based research
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based research
KW  - evidenced-based medicine
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Labor
KW  - Management
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - MIDWIVES
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Responses
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Thinking
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Washington
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 273
EP  - 277
JF  - Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
N2  - The midwifery profession is increasingly applying the results of evidence-based research findings. Several researchers were asked if they would answer questions regarding the essential research skills necessary for midwives. the relevance of applying valid evidence to practice, and concerns regarding evidence-based practice overall. The objectives were to share expert researchers' responses that could be used by educators to help introductory midwifery students understand the importance of developing skills in assessing "the best evidence" and to stimulate interactive discussion in the classroom. Consideration of the expert opinions stimulated student thinking on the relation of evidence-based findings to practice in an exciting approach characterized by inquiry and debate, which got favorable responses and evaluations from the students. (C) 2003 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives
SN  - 1526-9523
AV  - Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Family & Child Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Perinatal Nursing Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Leeds, Mother & Infant Res Unit, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. La Trobe Univ, Ctr Study Mothers & Childrens Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000184194200006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2038
T1  - The quality of research in sports journals 1536
A1  - Bleakley,C.
A1  - MacAuley,D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article MacAuley, D, Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Epidemiol, Mulhouse Bldg, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland 12 7 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT J SPORT MED APR Discipline: Sport Sciences 540QY
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Fitness
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - London
KW  - MEDICAL JOURNALS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NORTH
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Fitness
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - PHYSICAL-THERAPY
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - randomised controlled trials
KW  - READER
KW  - READER METHOD
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - Sport
KW  - Sports Medicine
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 124
EP  - 125
JF  - British Journal of Sports Medicine
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: To examine the evidence base of sports medicine research. Methods: A sample of four major journals that present core research in sport and exercise medicine (British Journal of Sports Medicine, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, and Physical Therapy) was examined using assessment criteria taken from the READER method. Results: Randomised controlled trials comprised 10% or less of all original research articles. Observational/descriptive studies were the most commonly published study design. There was a highly significant difference (p<0.0001) in the contents of the four journals but when they were compared by categorising the better quality methods together (randomised control trial, case-control, and cohort studies), the difference was not significant (p = 0.09). Conclusions: The overall pattern of publication type seems remarkably stable over medical journals, indicating that the quality of sports medicine research is comparable to that in other specialities
SN  - 0306-3674
AV  - Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Epidemiol, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Ulster, Inst Postgrad Med & Hlth Sci, Jordanstown BT36 0QB, North Ireland.
UR  - ISI:000174940700017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2039
T1  - Study design, research data and conclusions 2150
A1  - Macharia,W.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Macharia, WM, Univ Nairobi, Nairobi Clin Epidemiol Unit, POB 19676, Nairobi, Kenya 7 0 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL NAIROBI CHYULU ROAD PO BOX 41632, NAIROBI, KENYA EAST AFR MED J JUN Suppl. S Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 208MN
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - and survey
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - CARE
KW  - Case Report
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health research
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - Paper
KW  - PART
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - play
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - randomised controlled trials
KW  - READ
KW  - READER
KW  - Reliability
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - reports
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - Research Question
KW  - Review
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S37
EP  - S38
JF  - East African Medical Journal
VL  - 75
IS  - 6
N2  - Not every research paper is worth the time taken to read it To be of value to the reader, the research question needs to be not only in the reader's field of interest but should also have been addressed using rigorous methodology, Further, absolute care should have been taken in collection of data or outcome assessment to ensure reliability (reproducibility) and validity (accuracy), Unless these precautions are taken, the conclusions of the study may be more speculative than factual, thus misleading the reader with dire consequences at times, Although a randomised controlled trial may be considered to be the "yard-stick" for analytical research in medicine, it is at times not feasible or ethical to use such a design depending on the research question being asked. Even case reports and case series have an important part to play in health research; particularly in the generation of hypothesis. While ecologic studies and surveys may be very useful to the health care planners, conclusions from such studies should not be viewed as conclusive where evidence for causal association or effectiveness is sought. The latter remains the preserve of cohort/case control studies and randomised controlled trials respectively. Since the reader is often faced with publications loaded with methodological flaws despite peer review, the importance of critical appraisal skills must always be emphasised
SN  - 0012-835X
AV  - Univ Nairobi, Nairobi Clin Epidemiol Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Nairobi, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya.
UR  - ISI:000080995300012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2040
T1  - Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary 1435
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Mackway-Jones, K, Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Emergency Med, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England 3 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND EMERG MED J SEP Discipline: Emergency Medicine 595AQ
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - And
KW  - appendicitis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Bed
KW  - Bed Rest
KW  - CARE
KW  - CELL
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Intubation
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - London
KW  - lumbar
KW  - lumbar puncture
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Pain
KW  - pain management
KW  - pancreatitis
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - reports
KW  - Rest
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SERUM
KW  - STAGE
KW  - Standard
KW  - STIMULATION
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Surgical Approach
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 428
EP  - 428
JF  - Emergency Medicine Journal.Vol.22(3)()(pp 192), 2005.
J1  - Emergency Medicine Journal
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
N2  - Best evidence topic reports (BETs) summarise the evidence pertaining to particular clinical questions. They are not systematic reviews, but rather contain the best (highest level) evidence that can be practically obtained by busy practicing clinicians. The search strategies used to find the est evidence are reported in detail in order to allow clinicians to update searches whenever necessary. The BETs published below were first reported at the Critical Appraisal Journal Club at the Manchester Royal Infirmary(1) or placed on the BestBETs web site. Each BET has been constructed in the four stages that have been described elsewhere.(2) The BETs shown here together with those published previously and those currently under construction can be seen at http://www.bestbets.org(3) Eight BETs are included in this issue of the journal. Electrical stimulation and Bell's palsy White cell count and diagnosing appendicitis in children White cell count and diagnosing appendicitis in adults Serum amylase or lipase to diagnose pancreatitis in patients presenting with abdominal pain Management of acute ethylene glycol poisoning Bed rest after lumbar puncture Difficult intubation, the bougie and the stylet To stab or slash: the percutaneous dilatation or standard surgical approach to cricothyroidotomy in prehospital care
SN  - 1472-0205
AV  - Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Emergency Med, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000178085000015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2041
T1  - Evidence-based practice in radiology: Steps 3 and 4 - Appraise and apply interventional radiology literature 1
A1  - Maher,M.M.
A1  - Hodnett,P.A.
A1  - Kalra,M.K.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Maher, MM, Cork Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Cork, Ireland m.maher@ucc.ie 52 0 RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA OAK BROOK 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA RADIOLOGY MAR Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 142VR
KW  - ABDOMINAL AORTIC-ANEURYSMS
KW  - alternative
KW  - America
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Community Hospital
KW  - CONVENTIONAL SURGERY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - Device
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTIVE ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - expertise
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Imaging
KW  - interventional
KW  - Ireland
KW  - LEARN
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - NORTH
KW  - North America
KW  - Note
KW  - On
KW  - OSTEOPOROTIC VERTEBRAL FRACTURES
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Patient
KW  - PERCUTANEOUS ETHANOL INJECTION
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - RADIOFREQUENCY THERMAL ABLATION
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SAFE
KW  - SMALL HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 658
EP  - 670
JF  - Radiology
VL  - 242
IS  - 3
N2  - When introducing new interventional radiology techniques or devices, it is important to learn from previous experiences and to remember that there are numerous examples of new techniques that were initially enthusiastically promoted and then subsequently abandoned when early promise was not realized. Appropriateness of new or established interventional radiology techniques to specific clinical conditions must be determined from clinical experience, from communication with experts in the field and/or careful review of available medical literature, and on an individual patient basis by means of review of clinical notes and diagnostic imaging studies. Several paradigms for evidence-based practice ( EBP) exist. One model proposes that a central specialized process involving academic centers should primarily construct valid guidelines to direct practice at all levels of medical practice ("top-down" model). An alternative model integrates "the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values" ("bottom-up" model). This article will focus on the bottom-up model and describe the use of EBP by individual practitioners or groups of practitioners in optimizing literature review and critical appraisal. EBP is applied to two scenarios as a means of deciding the appropriateness of introducing interventional radiology techniques in a community hospital setting. The authors will also briefly discuss other applications for EBP techniques in interventional radiology, including development of practice guidelines or policy to ensure appropriate and safe practices
SN  - 0033-8419
AV  - Cork Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Cork, Ireland. Mercy Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Cork, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Radiol, Cork, Ireland. Emory Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
UR  - ISI:000244679200005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2042
T1  - The HEART FAILURE Journal Club: a review of publications on heart failure in American Heart Journal 1792
A1  - Martin,J.
A1  - Krum,H.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Martin, J, Monash Univ, Alfred Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Clin Pharmacol Unit, Melbourne, Vic 3181, Australia 0 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS EUR J HEART FAIL JAN Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 401KX
KW  - ACTIVATION
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - autonomic
KW  - AUTONOMIC FUNCTION
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EUROPEAN-SOCIETY
KW  - Exercise
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Failure
KW  - HEART-FAILURE
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Literature
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Surgery
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - UNIT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 125
EP  - 137
JF  - European Journal of Heart Failure
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - The following paper reviews the heart failure literature that has been published by the American Heart Journal over the last year. Specifically the literature has been divided up into the areas of epidemiology, pathophysiology, autonomic function, neuroendocrine activation, exercise, imaging, surgery, pharmacological therapies and prognosis. (C) 2001 European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved
SN  - 1388-9842
AV  - Monash Univ, Alfred Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Clin Pharmacol Unit, Melbourne, Vic 3181, Australia. Monash Univ, Alfred Hosp, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic 3181, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000166927700020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2043
T1  - Evidence-based medicine 175
A1  - Mayer,D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Mayer, D, Albany Med Coll, Dept Emergency Med, Albany, NY 12208 USA mayerd@mail.amc.edu 10 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND EPILEPSIA Suppl. 1 Discipline: Clinical Neurology 092QP
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal of the medical literature
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - DELAY
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Into
KW  - Medical Decision Making
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - Neurology
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - PART
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - practice of medicine
KW  - problems
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC METHOD
KW  - Statistical Concepts
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Thinking
KW  - USA
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 5
JF  - Epilepsia
VL  - 47
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become a watchword for "the new" medical practice in the new century. Whether it represents a paradigm shift or simply a codification of the scientific method in medicine will be debated for years to come. Regardless of the place of EBM in medicine, this "movement" has served an important role in moving physician practice into the realm of becoming more scientific (albeit empirical) and transparent. There are still many problems to be addressed in the global application of the best evidence for medical practice. These include low-quality studies, delays in implementation of clear-cut improvements, outright fraud and deceit, and wariness on the part of physicians to change their practice. By working to understand the underpinnings of EBM (basic statistical concepts and critical thinking) we can advance the practice of medicine along the moral high road of science
SN  - 0013-9580
AV  - Albany Med Coll, Dept Emergency Med, Albany, NY 12208 USA.
UR  - ISI:000241112700002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2044
T1  - The medical review article revisited: Has the science improved? 2043
A1  - McAlister,F.A.
A1  - Clark,H.D.
A1  - van Walraven,C.
A1  - Straus,S.E.
A1  - Lawson,F.M.E.
A1  - Moher,D.
A1  - Mulrow,C.D.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article McAlister, FA, Univ Alberta Hosp, 2E3-24 WMC,8440 112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada 20 50 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA ANN INTERN MED DEC 21 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 267TB
KW  - adverse effects
KW  - Alberta
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Bias
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - GAP
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurements
KW  - MEDICAL JOURNALS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Race
KW  - randomized
KW  - randomized clinical trial
KW  - randomized clinical trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 947
EP  - 951
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 131
IS  - 12
N2  - Background: The validity of a review depends on its methodologic quality. Objective: To determine the methodologic quality of recently published review articles. Design: Critical appraisal. Setting: All reviews of clinical topics published in six general medical journals in 1996. Measurements: Explicit criteria that have been published and validated were used. Results: Of 158 review articles, only 2 satisfied all 10 methodologic criteria (median number of criteria satisfied, 1), Less than a quarter of the articles described how evidence was identified, evaluated, or integrated; 34% addressed a focused clinical question; and 39% identified gaps in existing knowledge. Of the 111 reviews that made treatment recommendations, 48% provided an estimate of the magnitude of potential benefits (and 34%, the potential adverse effects) of the treatment options, 45% cited randomized clinical trials to support their recommendations, and only 6% made any reference to costs. Conclusions: The methodologic quality of clinical review articles is highly variable, and many of these articles do not specify systematic methods
SN  - 0003-4819
AV  - Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Loeb Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Res Inst, Thomas C Chalmers Ctr Systemat Reviews, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Audie L Murphy Vet Affairs Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA.
UR  - ISI:000084374400006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2045
T1  - Teaching practicing surgeons critical appraisal skills with an Internet-based journal club: A randomized, controlled trial 890
A1  - Macrae,H.M.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - McKenzie,M.
A1  - Henteleff,H.
A1  - Taylor,M.
A1  - Barkun,J.
A1  - Fitzgerald,G.W.
A1  - Hill,A.
A1  - Richard,C.
A1  - Webber,E.M.
A1  - McLeod,R.S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article McLeod, RS, Mt Sinai Hosp, Rm 449,600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada 17 9 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SURGERY SEP Discipline: Surgery 853RE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Article
KW  - CME
KW  - continuing professional development
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - critique
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Effect Size
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Literature
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - randomized
KW  - Reading
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - Variance
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 641
EP  - 646
JF  - Surgery.Vol.24(8)()(pp 263-267), 2006.Date of Publication: 01 AUG 2006.
J1  - Surgery
VL  - 136
IS  - 3
N2  - Background. The effectiveness of interventions for developing critical appraisal skills in practicing physicians has not been studied, despite the documented importance of reading the literature in caring for patients and in continuing professional development. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether an Internet-based intervention would lead to enhanced critical appraisal skills in practicing surgeons. Methods. General surgeons who agreed to participate were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention was a curriculum in critical appraisal skills that included a clinical and methodologic article, a listserve discussion, and clinical and methodologic, critiques. The control group received only the clinical articles. The primary outcome measure was a previously validated 2-hour test of critical appraisal. Results. Of the 55 surgeons who completed the examination, subjects in the intervention group performed better on the test of critical appraisal skills than those in the control group (mean score: intervention group, 58% +/- 8 vs control group, 50% +/- 8), with a large effect size of 1.06 standard deviation units (t + 3.92, P < .0001). Training conditions accounted for 22% of the variance in total scores. Conclusions. A multifaceted, Internet-based intervention resulted in improved critical appraisal skills of practicing general surgeons
SN  - 0039-6060
AV  - Univ Toronto, Dept Surg, Toronto, ON, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Surg, Halifax, NS B3H 4H2, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Surg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Surg, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Surg, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Surg, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Surg, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. Grenfell Mission, Dept Surg, St Anthony, NF, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Evaluat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000223844300021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2046
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: Its application to laboratory medicine 2025
A1  - McQueen,M.J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article McQueen, MJ, Hamilton Gen Hosp, Hamilton Hlth Sci Corp, Hamilton Reg Lab, Program Med, 237 Barton St E, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada 74 10 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA THER DRUG MONIT FEB Discipline: Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology 281GN
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - continuous quality improvement
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Base
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - diagnostics
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based laboratory medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Industry
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - instruction
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - laboratory medicine
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Outcomes Research
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROSTATE-CANCER
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Improvement
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
KW  - testing
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Translating
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - utilization
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
JF  - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - The current health care environment of cost-cutting highlights the need to reinforce the contribution of laboratory medicine to improvement in health-care. This must be a patient-focused activity using continuous quality improvement, a familiar concept in laboratory practice. Involvement in the creation of clinical practice guidelines, care maps, and outcome measures will place laboratory medicine in the circle of continuous quality improvement. The laboratory must provide strong evidence that tests contribute to better overall resource utilization. Laboratory Information Systems can be used to better integrate laboratory data with clinical, diagnostic, pharmaceutic, statistical, and financial information. Improving laboratory utilization requires clear demonstrations of appropriate versus inappropriate laboratory use, and instructions on implementing appropriate use. The education of laboratory professionals should include search strategies, understanding the diagnostic accuracy of medical tests, and the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. With the rapid increase in the data base supporting evidence-based laboratory medicine, there is a significant challenge in translating the existing knowledge into practice. There is also a need for a cooperative strategy between the diagnostics industry and the laboratory medicine profession to provide evidence of the added value of laboratory testing. There is a significant role in developing the academic basis of the unique aspects of evidence-based laboratory medicine
SN  - 0163-4356
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton Reg Lab, Program Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000085149700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2047
T1  - Chronic AT(1) receptor blockade alters autonomic balance and sympathetic responses in hypertension 1643
A1  - Bezerra,S.M.M.S.
A1  - dos Santos,C.M.
A1  - Moreira,E.D.
A1  - Krieger,E.M.
A1  - Michelini,L.C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Michelini, LC, Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 39 6 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA HYPERTENSION SEP Part 2 Suppl. S Discipline: Peripheral Vascular Disease 477WZ
KW  - activity
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ANG-II
KW  - ANGIOTENSIN-II
KW  - ARTERIAL-PRESSURE
KW  - Article
KW  - autonomic
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - BAROREFLEX CONTROL
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - BLOOD-PRESSURE
KW  - Brazil
KW  - chronic
KW  - Circulation
KW  - COARCTATION HYPERTENSION
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - control
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DENSITIES
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - English
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Rate
KW  - HEART-RATE
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - hypertension,experimental
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - losartan
KW  - Model
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - normalization
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - PATHWAY
KW  - PATHWAYS
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - plateau
KW  - power
KW  - power spectral analysis
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Rat
KW  - RATS
KW  - RECEPTORS
KW  - receptors,angiotensin II
KW  - Recording
KW  - RECORDINGS
KW  - Reduction
KW  - REFLEX
KW  - Responses
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYMPATHOVAGAL BALANCE
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USA
KW  - values
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 569
EP  - 575
JF  - Hypertension
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
N2  - In the coarctation hypertension model, we have shown that chronic treatment with losartan causes both normalization of impaired reflex control of heart rate and partial correction of the depressed aortic nerve activity/ pressure relationship, even with the persistence of hypertension. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of angiotensin II blockade on the efferent pathways of coarcted and sham-operated groups treated chronically with vehicle or losartan (10 mg/kg per day PO). Hypertension was induced by subdiaphragmatic aortic coarctation, and the treatments lasted 9 days (4 control and 5 experimental days). On day 5, autoregressive power spectral analysis was performed on heart rate recordings made in conscious rats. Other groups were used for sympathetic splanchnic nerve activity recordings made simultaneously with pressure (anesthetized rats) at basal condition and during loading/unloading of baroreceptors. Losartan treatment induced a significant reduction in basal pressure but did not interfere with the development of hypertension (similar pressure increases of 24% and 28% over control values in losartan and vehicle groups, respectively). In vehicle-treated rats, establishment of hypertension was accompanied by a marked change in power spectral density from high- (1.19 +/-0.06 Hz, 33 +/-6%) to low-frequency components (0,42 +/-0.03 Hz, 54 +/-6%), with increased low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio. When compared with sham-operated vehicle-treated rats, there was also increase in the gain of sympathetic activity/pressure relationship, with displacement of lower plateau toward high levels of sympathetic activity. No changes in the power spectral density and sympathetic activity/pressure relationship were observed when hypertension developed in the presence of chronic angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor blockade. The data suggest that angiotensin II, activated during the establishment of coarctation hypertension, acts via AT(1) receptors to alter sympathovagal balance, facilitating the sympathetic outflow to heart and peripheral circulation during baroreceptors unloading. Data also indicate that the observed effects are not conditioned by preexisting pressure levels
SN  - 0194-911X
AV  - Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Heart, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
UR  - ISI:000171308400008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2048
T1  - Evidence-based consumer health information: Developing teaching in critical appraisal skills 2646
A1  - Milne,R.
A1  - Oliver,S.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Article Milne, R, OXFORD QUAL ASSURANCE HLTH CARE,CRITICAL APPRAISAL SKILLS PROGRAMME,POB 777,OXFORD OX3 7LF,ENGLAND 26 13 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB INT J QUAL HEALTH CARE OCT Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services VZ694
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - Consumer
KW  - Consumer Health Information
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health information
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Service
KW  - Information Services
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - maternity
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - NEED
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - randomised controlled trials
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Role
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - Self Help
KW  - SELF-HELP
KW  - Self-Help Groups
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - small groups
KW  - Staff
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UK
KW  - Use
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 439
EP  - 445
JF  - International Journal for Quality in Health Care
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
N2  - Objective: To help people who give health information to the public develop the skills they need to make sense of evidence about effectiveness, Design: Educational approach, preceded by careful planning with representatives of possible participants, Setting and study of participants: Staff in consumer health information services and members of maternity self-help groups in the UK in summer 1995. Interventions: Pairs of half-day workshops introducing participants to randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews and to their critical appraisal, The workshops were run participatively and had at their centre a critical appraisal session in small groups, Main outcome measures: Attendance at workshops; satisfaction and enjoyment of workshops; comments:at a follow-on event, Results: Four pairs of workshops were held (three for consumer health information services, one for maternity self-help groups), 54 people attended a pair of workshops and a further 34 attended individual workshops. The workshops were enjoyed and found to be a good use of time, Conclusions: It is feasible to introduce critical appraisal skills to people whose primary role is to give health information to the public, There is a need for comparative evaluation of different approaches. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
SN  - 1353-4505
UR  - ISI:A1996VZ69400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2049
T1  - Integrating health information systems: A critical appraisal 1125
A1  - Monteiro,E.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Monteiro, E, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, N-74910 Trondheim, Norway 22 2 SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN STUTTGART HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY METHODS INFORM MED Discipline: Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics 737KV
KW  - alternative
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - business process re-engineering (BPR)
KW  - CARE
KW  - Computer
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - Discourse Analysis
KW  - electronic patient records systems
KW  - ELICIT
KW  - English
KW  - EXPRESSION
KW  - form
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health information
KW  - health information systems
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - Integration
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - RECORD
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - varieties
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 428
EP  - 432
JF  - Methods of Information in Medicine
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
N2  - Objectives. The aim of this paper is to critically assess some of the underlying assumptions behind these initiatives and analyze the dominant expressions, forms and mechanisms of integration. Methods. This paper employs a discourse analysis to elicit the notion of integration of information systems and its consequences for electronic patient record systems. Results and Conclusions. An alternative strategy is outlined, encouraging a more decentralized, multi-vocal approach acknowledging the productive role of related and duplicated information and preserving the existing variety of information systems
SN  - 0026-1270
AV  - Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, N-74910 Trondheim, Norway.
UR  - ISI:000186230300021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2050
T1  - In the dark - The reporting of blinding status in randomized controlled trials 1431
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Bhandari,M.
A1  - Devereaux,P.J.
A1  - Manns,B.J.
A1  - Ghali,W.A.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Montori, VM, Mayo Clin, Dept Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA 9 19 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J CLIN EPIDEMIOL AUG Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 594FD
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - blinding
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - COMBINATIONS
KW  - CONSORT STATEMENT
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - double blinding
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - masking
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - practice
KW  - quality
KW  - randomized
KW  - randomized clinical trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - TERM
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNCERTAINTIES
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
KW  - writers
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 787
EP  - 790
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.59(11)()(pp 1134-1149), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
VL  - 55
IS  - 8
N2  - To determine the quality of reporting of blinding in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we evaluated 40 consecutive RCTs published in each of Five leading journals. We noted whether authors reported the blinding status of participants, health care providers, data collectors, judicial assessors of outcomes, data analysts, and manuscript writers. Explicit reporting of blinding status occur-red in <25% of RCTs for all groups, Eighty-three RCTs, reported as double-blind, provided eight combinations of blinded groups. In conclusion, prestigious journals do not currently report blinding status optimally. To do so, journals should abandon the term "double blind" and explicitly report the blinding status of the groups involved in RCTs. Until such reporting occurs, clinicians will be left with uncertainty about the validity of RCTs that guide their clinical practice. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
AV  - Mayo Clin, Dept Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Med & Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Surg, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000178037500008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2051
T1  - A qualitative assessment of 1st-year internal medicine residents' perceptions of evidence-based clinical decision making 1501
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Tabini,C.C.
A1  - Ebbert,J.O.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Montori, VM, Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Internal Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA 20 2 LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC MAHWAH 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA TEACH LEARN MED SPR Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 556ML
KW  - 1ST YEAR
KW  - Affect
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - BACK
KW  - BEDSIDE
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - Experts
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Into
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - postgraduate training
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - Searching
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - STYLE
KW  - STYLES
KW  - thought
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - VALIDATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 114
EP  - 118
JF  - Teaching and Learning in Medicine
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: Residents' perceptions about evidence-based clinical decision making remain largely unexplored. Purpose: To understand how residents perceive and use evidence-based medicine in clinical decision making. Methods: Qualitative study using a semistructured questionnaire and focus group in a postgraduate training program in internal medicine at an academic U.S. medical center Seventeen 1st-year internal medicine residents in their 1st postgraduate year were interviewed. Six additional 1st-year residents formed a validation group. Results: The interplay of time and expertise modified how physicians-in-training incorporate evidence into clinical decision making. When time was available, the residents preferred to answer their questions by searching and critically appraising the literature. This "self-acquired" expertise empowered them to help patients by using participatory decision-making styles. When time was limited, the residents turned to experts. Residents assumed that experts practiced evidence-based medicine. This "borrowed" expertise was thought to be the most efficient way of integrating evidence and clinical expertise, but it led to the use of a parental style when answers were taken back to the bedside. Conclusion: The practice of evidence-based medicine empowers 1st-year residents and appears to affect their choice of decision-making style. Further research is needed to better understand the link between decision-making style and evidence-based medicine
SN  - 1040-1334
AV  - Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000175853500008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2052
T1  - Medical students' perspective on the teaching of medical statistics in the undergraduate medical curriculum 1549
A1  - Astin,J.
A1  - Jenkins,T.
A1  - Moore,L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Moore, L, Cardiff Sch Social Sci, Glamorgan Bldg,King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3WT, S Glam, Wales 1 1 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD W SUSSEX BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND STAT MED APR 15 Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability 532NX
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - clinical relevance
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Copyright
KW  - COURSES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Exercise
KW  - EXERCISES
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Learning
KW  - medical curriculum
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - practice
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Probability
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - small groups
KW  - Statistics
KW  - STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - undergraduate medical curricula
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Use
KW  - Wales
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1003
EP  - 1006
JF  - Statistics in Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 7
N2  - Two undergraduate medical students at the University of Bristol commented on their experiences of learning medical statistics. In general, medical students' focus is on acquiring skills needed to practice clinical medicine, and great care must be taken to explain why disciplines such as statistics and epidemiology are relevant to this. Use of real examples and an emphasis on the need for evidence has meant that medical students are increasingly aware of the pressure on clinicians to justify their treatment decisions, and the associated need to be able to understand and critically appraise medical research. It was felt that medical statistics courses should focus on critical appraisal skills rather than on the ability to analyse data, which can be acquired by particular students when they need to do this. Medical statistics should be taught early in the curriculum, but there is a need to reinforce such skills throughout the Course. Teaching and assessment methods should recognize that what is being taught is a practical skill of clinical relevance. This means that problem based small groups, data interpretation exercises and objective structured clinical examinations will be more productive than traditional teaching and examination methods. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd
SN  - 0277-6715
AV  - Univ Bristol, Sch Med, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Social Med, Bristol BS8 2PR, Avon, England.
UR  - ISI:000174482900009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2053
T1  - Critically appraised topic - The use of the laryngeal mask in gynaecological laparoscopy 908
A1  - Viira,D.
A1  - Myles,R.S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Myles, RS, Alfred Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Pain Management, POB 315, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia 22 1 AUSTRALIAN SOC ANAESTHETISTS EDGECLIFF P O BOX 600, EDGECLIFF, NSW 2021, AUSTRALIA ANAESTH INTENSIVE CARE AUG Discipline: Anesthesiology; Critical Care Medicine 846OO
KW  - AIRWAY
KW  - anaesthesia
KW  - And
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - Article
KW  - ASPIRATION
KW  - Australia
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX
KW  - gynaecology
KW  - Incidence
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - Laparoscopic Surgery
KW  - Laparoscopy
KW  - LARYNGEAL
KW  - LARYNGEAL MASK
KW  - LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Management
KW  - mask
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Pain
KW  - pain management
KW  - practice
KW  - PULMONARY ASPIRATION
KW  - REGURGITATION
KW  - Risk
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TRACHEAL INTUBATION
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 560
EP  - 563
JF  - Anaesthesia and intensive care
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
N2  - Use of the laryngeal mask airway in gynaecological laparoscopy is controversial, largely because of a concern about increased risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration. The practice of evidence-based medicine provides a recommended strategy to resolve such an issue. We did a literature search and found limited evidence to support or refute the use of the LMA in this setting. We have found, however, that the reported incidence of aspiration or more serious morbidity associated with the use of the LAM in laparoscopic surgery is very low
SN  - 0310-057X
AV  - Alfred Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Pain Management, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Anaesthesia, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000223325400015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2054
T1  - Tutorials in clinical research, part VIII: Creating a journal club 1317
A1  - Forsen,J.W.
A1  - Hartman,J.M.
A1  - Neely,J.G.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Neely, JG, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Clin Res Working Grp, 660 S Euclid Ave,Box 8115, St Louis, MO 63110 USA 45 5 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA LARYNGOSCOPE MAR Discipline: Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology 652QF
KW  - 10-MINUTE OFFICE VISIT
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Needs
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - Goals
KW  - Head
KW  - History
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Organization
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - PART
KW  - Physician
KW  - physician education
KW  - play
KW  - Publications
KW  - READER
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - Role
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Statistics
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 475
EP  - 483
JF  - Laryngoscope.Vol.113(3)()(pp 475-483), 2003.Date of Publication: 01 MAR 2003.
J1  - Laryngoscope
VL  - 113
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective. The present report is the eighth in a series of sequential tutorials entitled "Tutorials in Clinical Research." The objective of the report is to provide the reader with information to create or refine a journal club. Study Design: Tutorial. Methods. The authors met weekly for 3 months and discussed the features of a journal club that would be of interest to otolaryngologists. A Medline search provided a number of relevant articles for review. Results. The report is organized into the following sections: Introduction, History of Journal Club, Goals of Journal Club, Basic Organization, Factors Associated With Successful Journal Clubs, Design of Journal Club, Selecting Literature, Evaluation of Journal Club, and Summary. Conclusions. There is a paucity of information within the otolaryngology literature regarding the journal club and the significant role it can play in physician education. The flexible nature of the journal club gives it the potential to address many educational needs. Its relevance has never been greater
SN  - 0023-852X
AV  - Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Clin Res Working Grp, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
UR  - ISI:000181389300016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2055
T1  - Building the virtual state... or not? A critical appraisal 1141
A1  - Norris,D.F.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Norris, DF, Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA 10 1 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SOC SCI COMPUT REV WIN Discipline: Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary 730KN
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Book
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computers
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - discipline
KW  - electronic government
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Government
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Internet
KW  - Into
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Maryland
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - reason
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - systems theory
KW  - Technology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 417
EP  - 424
JF  - Social Science Computer Review
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - In this article, the author advances four arguments about Building the Virtual State. First, it is ahistorical and fails to take into account the rich and rewarding literature about information technology (IT) and government developed over the past 3 decades. Second, its theory of IT enactment is little more than a repackaging of the dominant extant theory in the field, sociotechnical systems theory. Third, evidence provided from the three case studies in the book is insufficient to test enactment (or any other) theory of IT and government. Finally, although the book claims to be about the virtual state, only one of the case studies addresses the movement of government services onto the Internet (the author's definition of the virtual state), and the other two cases do not address it at all. For these reasons, Building the Virtual State is a disappointment, and it delivers a good bit less than it promises
SN  - 0894-4393
AV  - Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
UR  - ISI:000185830100003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2056
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: assessment of knowledge of basic epidemiological and research methods among medical doctors 106
A1  - Novack,L.
A1  - Jotkowitz,A.
A1  - Knyazer,B.
A1  - Novack,V.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Novack, V, Univ Med Ctr Soroka, Div Internal Med, Beer Sheva, Israel novack@bgu.ac.il 24 0 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND POSTGRAD MED J DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 113CQ
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Countries
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Impact
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Israel
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical School
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professional
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - research method
KW  - research methods
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - School
KW  - SCORE
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - STATISTICAL-METHODS
KW  - Statistics
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Time
KW  - understanding
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 817
EP  - 822
JF  - Postgraduate Medical Journal.Vol.83(976)()(pp 105-108), 2007.
J1  - Postgraduate Medical Journal
VL  - 82
IS  - 974
N2  - Background: An understanding of statistical methods and basic epidemiology are crucial for the practice of modern medicine. Aims: To assess (1) the knowledge of basic methods of conducting research and data analysis among residents and practicing doctors and (2) the effect of country of medical school graduation, professional status, medical article reading and writing experience on the level of this knowledge. Methods: Data were collected by means of a supervised self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed among doctors at Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel. The questionnaire included 10 multiple-choice questions on basic epidemiology and statistics, and respondent demographical data. Results: Of the 260 eligible doctors, 219 (84.2%) returned completed questionnaires. Of the 219 doctors, 50% graduated more than 8.5 years ago, 39.7% were specialists and the remaining were residents. The most frequent specialty was internal medicine (37.4%). Israel was the most frequent country of graduation (45.7%), followed by the former Soviet Union (Eastern medical education; 38.4%). The median total score of knowledge was 4 of 10 questions (interquartile range 2-6). A higher score was associated with a Western medical education, being a specialist, shorter elapsed time since graduation, higher number of publications and self-reported reading of "methods" and "discussion'' sections in scientific articles. Conclusion: This study found a low level of knowledge of basic principles of research methods and data analysis among doctors, and this knowledge considerably differed by country of medical school graduation
SN  - 0032-5473
AV  - Univ Med Ctr Soroka, Div Internal Med, Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Evaluat, Beer Sheva, Israel.
UR  - ISI:000242575700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2057
T1  - Further statistics in dentistry - Part 8: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses 1332
A1  - Petrie,A.
A1  - Bulman,J.S.
A1  - Osborn,J.F.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Petrie, A, Univ Coll London, Eastman Dent Inst Oral Hlth Care Sci, Biostat Unit, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England 24 3 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND BRIT DENT J JAN 25 Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 646JZ
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - Checklist
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - multiplicity
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - REGIMEN
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Statistics
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - UNIT
KW  - VIEW
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 73
EP  - 78
JF  - British Dental Journal
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
N2  - A systematic review of research evidence is an efficient approach to integrating existing information, invariably a multiplicity of published articles, with a view to establishing whether the scientific findings are consistent. If so, it may be possible to draw conclusions and make recommendations about treatment regimens or observed effects which have greater credence than those obtained from individual studies, The systematic review on a specified checklist which determines which articles should be included in the review, and how each should be critically appraised to provide relevant information relating to the focus of the review
SN  - 0007-0610
AV  - Univ Coll London, Eastman Dent Inst Oral Hlth Care Sci, Biostat Unit, London WC1X 8LD, England. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000181033000011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2058
T1  - Principles of teaching evidence-based medicine 376
A1  - Petrisor,B.A.
A1  - Bhandari,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Petrisor, BA, McMaster Univ, Dept Surg, Div Orthopaed, 237 Barton St E, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada 24 1 ELSEVIER SCI LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND INJURY-INT J CARE INJURED APR Discipline: Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine; Surgery 034GA
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - content
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - question
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 335
EP  - 339
JF  - Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
N2  - Teaching EBM is to impart the process of asking the question, acquiring and appraising the literature and applying it to the care of the patient, white weighing the risks, benefits and considering patient values. Teaching this process and its necessary content requires as with everything else, dedication, knowledge and practice. The best way to teach both patient care and EBM is by example. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0020-1383
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Surg, Div Orthopaed, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000236915800007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2059
T1  - Critical appraisal of rigour in interpretive phenomenological nursing research 288
A1  - de Witt,L.
A1  - Ploeg,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Ploeg, J, McMaster Univ, Sch Nursing, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada ploegj@mcmaster.ca 58 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J ADV NURS JUL Discipline: Nursing 062MK
KW  - Accounting
KW  - ADOPTION
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - Canada
KW  - Concepts
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISION TRAIL
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EXPRESSION
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - frameworks
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - HERMENEUTIC-PHENOMENOLOGY
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Integration
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Literature
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - Nursing Science
KW  - NURSING-RESEARCH
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Phenomenological Research
KW  - Phenomenology
KW  - philosophical concepts
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - READER
KW  - Reading
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - research approaches
KW  - research method
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research methods
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - Science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 215
EP  - 229
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
N2  - Aim. This paper reports a critical review of published nursing research for expressions Of rigour in interpretive phenomenology, and a new framework of rigour specific to this methodology is proposed. Background. The rigour of interpretive phenomenology is an important nursing research methods issue that has direct implications for the legitimacy of nursing science. The use of a generic set of qualitative criteria of rigour for interpretive phenomenological studies is problematic because it is philosophically inconsistent with the methodology and creates obstacles to full expression of rigour in such studies. Methods. A critical review was conducted of the published theoretical interpretive phenomenological nursing literature from 1994 to 2004 and the expressions of rigour in this literature identified. We used three sources to inform the derivation of a proposed framework of expressions of rigour for interpretive phenomenology: the phenomenological scholar van Manen, the theoretical interpretive phenomenological nursing literature, and Madison's criteria of rigour for hermeneutic phenomenology. Findings. The nursing literature reveals a broad range of criteria for judging the rigour of interpretive phenomenological research. The proposed framework for evaluating rigour in this kind of research contains the following five expressions: balanced integration, openness, concreteness, resonance, and actualization. Balanced integration refers to the intertwining of philosophical concepts in the study methods and findings and a balance between the voices of study participants and the philosophical explanation. Openness is related to a systematic, explicit process of accounting for the multiple decisions made throughout the Study process. Concreteness relates to usefulness for practice Of Study findings. Resonance encompasses the experiential or felt effect of reading Study findings upon the reader. Finally, actualization refers to the future realization of the resonance of study findings. Conclusion. Adoption of this or similar frameworks of expressions of rigour Could help to preserve the integrity and legitimacy of interpretive phenomenological nursing research
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - McMaster Univ, Sch Nursing, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000238949000009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2060
T1  - Measuring mania and critical appraisal of rating scales 2024
A1  - Poolsup,N.
A1  - Po,A.L.W.
A1  - Oyebode,F.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Po, ALW, Aston Univ, Ctr Evidence Based Pharmacotherapy, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England 36 6 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN PHARM THER DEC Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 282VR
KW  - ACUTE MANIA
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CONSTRUCTION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - discipline
KW  - Disorders
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - ILLNESS
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - Into
KW  - INVENTORY
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITHIUM
KW  - Mania
KW  - method
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nurse
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - pharmacotherapy
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - quality
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - RATING-SCALE
KW  - Relative
KW  - Reliability
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - reports
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scales
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - Severity of Illness
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Response
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 433
EP  - 443
JF  - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
N2  - Background: In clinical trials of acute mania, a number of measures have been used to assess the severity of illness and its response to treatment. Rating instruments need to be validated in order for a clinical study to provide reliable and meaningful estimates of treatment effects. Objective: To critically assess rating scales used in measuring mania. Method: A systematic search of the literature, retrieval of reports of clinical trials of drugs used in mania and the rating scales and a critical and systematic appraisal of their quality. Results: Eight symptom-rating scales were identified. The Mania Rating Scale (MRS) was the most commonly used for assessing treatment response. Two more recently developed scales are the Manchester Nurse Rating Scale for Mania (MNRS-M) and the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M). The latter appears well validated but its in-use reliability needs to be explored further. The translation of observed changes in instrumental ratings into clinically meaningful change has to be established further In particular, the relative weighting to be attached to the individual items needs further study. The advantage of the MRS is that there is a relatively extensive database of studies based on it and this will no doubt ensure that it remains a gold standard for the foreseeable future. Conclusion: Useful rating scales are available for measuring mania but further cross-validation and validation against clinically meaningful global changes are required
SN  - 0269-4727
AV  - Aston Univ, Ctr Evidence Based Pharmacotherapy, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. S Birmingham Mental Hlth NHS Trust, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000085241600006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2061
T1  - Endovascular GDC-mediated flow-reversal for complex posterior circulation saccular aneurysms - A report of two cases and critical appraisal 1153
A1  - Boet,R.
A1  - Poon,W.S.
A1  - Yu,S.C.H.
A1  - Chan,M.S.Y.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Poon, WS, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Dept Surg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 6 1 GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG STUTTGART RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY MINIMALLY INVASIVE NEUROSURG AUG Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Surgery 725CM
KW  - And
KW  - aneurysm
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - Article
KW  - basilar artery
KW  - China
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Circulation
KW  - clinical
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - endovascular
KW  - endovascular therapy
KW  - English
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - Germany
KW  - haemorrhage
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - LONG
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - minimally invasive
KW  - Neuroimaging
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Risk
KW  - ROUTE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - subarachnoid haemorrhage
KW  - SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Risk
KW  - Survival
KW  - TERM
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT STRATEGIES
KW  - treatment strategy
KW  - VERTEBRAL ARTERY-OCCLUSION
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 220
EP  - 227
JF  - Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
N2  - Two patients with giant complex saccular aneurysms of the proximal basilar artery were managed with flow-reversal using the endovascular route. Complete obliteration of the aneurysm was successful in one patient resulting in long term survival (8 year follow-up completed). Incomplete obliteration of the aneurysm persisted in the other patient, resulting in recurrence and a fatal haemorrhage one year after treatment. Endovascular flow-reversal is a good treatment option for these lesions with a high surgical risk. However, persistent incomplete thrombosis of these aneurysms following flow-reversal should lead to the consideration of alternate treatment strategies
SN  - 0946-7211
AV  - Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Dept Surg, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Diagnost Radiol & Organ Imaging, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
UR  - ISI:000185525600007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2062
T1  - Residents as researchers: Expectations, requirements, and productivity 1140
A1  - Potti,A.
A1  - Mariani,P.
A1  - Saeed,M.
A1  - Smego,R.A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Potti, A, Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Internal Med Residency Program, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA 15 6 EXCERPTA MEDICA INC NEW YORK 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA AMER J MED OCT 15 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 733AX
KW  - America
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Productivity
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - researchers
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 510
EP  - 514
JF  - American Journal of Medicine.Vol.119(9)()(pp 719-727), 2006.
J1  - American Journal of Medicine
VL  - 115
IS  - 6
SN  - 0002-9343
AV  - Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Internal Med Residency Program, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.
UR  - ISI:000185978700018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2063
T1  - Teaching radiology residents, and radiology residents as teachers 1339
A1  - Roberts,C.C.
A1  - Chew,F.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Roberts, CC, Mayo Clin Scottsdale Radiol LL, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA 33 1 ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS OAK BROOK 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA ACAD RADIOL FEB Suppl. 1 Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 641ZB
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CHEST RADIOLOGY
KW  - Conferences
KW  - CT SCANS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Impact
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - RADIOLOGISTS
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TOOL
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S97
EP  - S101
JF  - Academic Radiology
VL  - 10
SN  - 1076-6332
AV  - Mayo Clin Scottsdale Radiol LL, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC USA.
UR  - ISI:000180776000020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2064
T1  - Introducing an evidence-based medicine curriculum into a family practice residency - Is it effective? 1191
A1  - Ross,R.
A1  - Verdieck,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Ross, R, Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Cascades East FPR, 2801 Daggett, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA 12 9 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD MED APR Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 711LC
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Awareness
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - control
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - Into
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - method
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - Recording
KW  - RECORDINGS
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Tape Recording
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TERM
KW  - Test Results
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - WORD
KW  - words
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
EP  - 417
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 78
IS  - 4
N2  - Purpose. To investigate whether teaching an evidence-based medicine (EBM) curriculum increased the knowledge and use of EBM principles in residents' continuity clinics. Method. In 1999, the authors performed a needs assessment with residents and faculty of Cascades East Family Practice Residency in Oregon and constructed a ten-session EBM workshop series that was introduced into the curriculum in 2000. Resident-preceptor interactions during outpatient continuity clinic were tape-recorded prior to and six months following introduction of the curriculum. A 50-item, multiple-choice examination was administered before and after the workshop series. Residents at another FP residency at the same university served as a control group. The same assessments were applied to the experimental and control groups. The tape recordings were analyzed for interactions that contained key EBM phrases or words. Results. Pre-intervention multiple-choice test results were similar (control mean 56%, experimental 53%, p > .22 NS). Post-intervention test scores for the experimental group were significantly improved (mean 72%, p < .001). There was no significant improvement in test results among members of the control group (p > .05 NS). In the recorded resident-preceptor interactions, a marked increase in the use of EBM terms indicated awareness and/or use of EBM in the experimental group. In 1,165 minutes recorded prior to the workshops, EBM terms were used in a total of ten events. In 735 minutes recorded after the workshops, EBM terms were recorded in 67 events. A reduced number of EBM terms were recorded in the control group. Conclusion. Administering a structured EBM curriculum increased residents' knowledge and use of EBM constructs during patient care
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Cascades East FPR, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA.
UR  - ISI:000184741200012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2065
T1  - Finding and applying evidence during clinical rounds - The "evidence cart" 2309
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
A1  - Straus,S.E.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Article Sackett, DL, John Radcliffe Hosp, NHS R&D Ctr Evidence Based Med, Level 5, Oxford OX3 9DU, England 13 98 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN OCT 21 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 129PQ
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Affect
KW  - ANATOMY
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - BEDSIDE
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - feasibility
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Feasibility Study
KW  - HOUSE-STAFF
KW  - IF
KW  - Impact
KW  - Inpatient
KW  - Into
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - patients
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION
KW  - Printing
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Radiology
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - SIGNS
KW  - Skill
KW  - Staff
KW  - STATE
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment decisions
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1336
EP  - 1338
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 280
IS  - 15
N2  - Context.-Physicians need easy access to evidence for clinical decisions while they care for patients but, to our knowledge, no investigators have assessed use of evidence during rounds with house staff. Objective.-To determine if it was feasible to find and apply evidence during clinical rounds, using an "evidence cart" that contains multiple sources of evidence and the means for projecting and printing them. Design.-Descriptive feasibility study of use of evidence during 1 month (April 1997) and anonymous questionnaire (May 1997). Setting.-General medicine inpatient service. Patients.-Medical students, house staff, fellows, and attending consultant. Intervention.-Evidence cart that included 2 secondary sources developed by the department (critically appraised topics [CATs] and Redbook), Best Evidence, JAMA Rational Clinical Examination series, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, a physical examination textbook, a radiology anatomy textbook, and a Simulscope, which allows several people to listen simultaneously to the same signs on physical examination. Main Outcome Measures.-Number of times sources were used, type of sources searched and success of searches, time needed to search, and whether the search affected patient care. Results.-The evidence cart was used 98 times, but could not be taken on bedside rounds because of its bulk; hard copies of several sources were taken instead. When the evidence cart was used during team rounds and student rounds, some sources could be accessed quickly enough (10.2-25.4 seconds) to be practical on our service. Of 98 searches, 79 (81%) sought evidence that could affect diagnostic and/or treatment decisions. Seventy-one (90%) of 79 searches regarding patient management were successful, and when assessed from the perspective of the most junior team members responsible for each patient's evaluation and management, 37 (52%) of the 71 successful searches confirmed their current or tentative diagnostic or treatment plans, 18 (25%) led to a new diagnostic skill, an additional test, or a new management decision, and 16 (23%) corrected a previous clinical skill, diagnostic test, or treatment. When the cart was removed, the perceived need for evidence rose sharply, but a search for it was carried out only 12% of the time (5 searches performed out of the 41 times evidence was needed). Conclusions.-Making evidence quickly available to clinicians on a busy medical inpatient service using an evidence carl increased the extent to which evidence was sought and incorporated into patient care decisions
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford, England.
UR  - ISI:000076472500027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2066
T1  - A strategy to identify critical appraisal criteria for primary mixed-method studies 831
A1  - Sale,J.E.M.
A1  - Brazil,K.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Sale, JEM, McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 1G8, Canada joanna.sale@sw.ca 64 3 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL DORDRECHT VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS QUAL QUANT AUG Discipline: Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Statistics & Probability 873GJ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - Canada
KW  - Consultation
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal criteria
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Experts
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTH-SERVICES RESEARCH
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - mixed methods
KW  - multiple methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Probability
KW  - qualitative
KW  - qualitative methods
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - quality
KW  - quantitative methods
KW  - READ
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Sample
KW  - Science
KW  - social science
KW  - social sciences
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 351
EP  - 365
JF  - Quality & Quantity
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
N2  - The practice of mixed-methods research has increased considerably over the last 10 years. While these studies have been criticized for violating quantitative and qualitative paradigmatic assumptions, the methodological quality of mixed-method studies has not been addressed. The purpose of this paper is to identify criteria to critically appraise the quality of mixed-method studies in the health literature. Criteria for critically appraising quantitative and qualitative studies were generated from a review of the literature. These criteria were organized according to a cross-paradigm framework. We recommend that these criteria be applied to a sample of mixed-method studies which are judged to be exemplary. With the consultation of critical appraisal experts and experienced qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method researchers, further efforts are required to revise and prioritize the criteria according to importance
SN  - 0033-5177
AV  - McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 1G8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8N 1G8, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000225267600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2067
T1  - Power spectra of arterial pressure and heart rate in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats 2170
A1  - Fazan,R.
A1  - da Silva,V.J.D.
A1  - Ballejo,G.
A1  - Salgado,H.C.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Salgado, HC, Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Physiol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil 44 17 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J HYPERTENSION APR Discipline: Peripheral Vascular Disease 197AF
KW  - And
KW  - Animals
KW  - ARTERIAL-PRESSURE
KW  - Article
KW  - autonomic
KW  - AUTONOMIC MODULATION
KW  - autonomic neuropathy
KW  - BLOOD-PRESSURE
KW  - Brazil
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR VARIABILITY
KW  - chronic
KW  - CONSCIOUS RATS
KW  - control
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DENSITIES
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - diabetes
KW  - Diabetic Patients
KW  - DIABETIC-PATIENTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - English
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - FREQUENCY-DOMAIN
KW  - HEART
KW  - Heart Rate
KW  - heart rate variability
KW  - HEART-RATE
KW  - HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MODULATION
KW  - NERVOUS DYSFUNCTION
KW  - On
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - power
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Rat
KW  - RATE-VARIABILITY
KW  - RATS
KW  - reports
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - SPECTRUM
KW  - Standard
KW  - streptozotocin
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - sympathetic
KW  - SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION
KW  - sympathetic nervous system
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
KW  - VARIABILITY
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 489
EP  - 495
JF  - Journal of Hypertension.Vol.23(5)()(pp 1047-1054), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Hypertension
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
N2  - Background Chronic diabetes is associated with alterations in autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system. Although the rat has been used extensively in studies of experimental diabetes, there have been no reports on the changes in autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular function in chronic diabetic rats. Objective To examine chronic diabetic rats to determine the autonomic modulation of arterial pressure and heart rate variabilities in the time and frequency domain. Materials and methods Diabetes was induced in rats by a single injection of streptozotocin, and 30 min of pulsatile arterial pressure was recorded in conscious rats, 5, 10-20 days and 12-18 weeks after the streptozotocin injection. Control rats were injected with vehicle. Beat-by-beat systolic arterial pressure and heart rate were obtained from pulsatile pressure. The spectral density powers of systolic arterial pressure and heart rate were calculated using fast Fourier transformation, and integrated in low- (0.015-0.25 Hz), mid- (0.25-0.75 Hz) and high- (0.75-3.0 Hz) frequency bands. The standard deviations of systolic arterial pressure and heart rate were also calculated. Results Basal systolic arterial pressure and heart rate were reduced in diabetic animals studied 10-20 days and 12-18 weeks after the streptozotocin injection. The standard deviations of systolic arterial pressure and heart rate were also reduced in the chronically diabetic animals. Diabetes reduced low- and mid-frequency variability but not the high-frequency variability of systolic arterial pressure. The low-frequency variability, but not the midfrequency variability, of the heart rate was also reduced, while the high-frequency variability of the heart rate was reduced in the more chronically diabetic rats. Conclusion Our findings that the mid-frequency band variability of arterial pressure was reduced in diabetic patients suggest that sympathetic modulation of the cardiovascular system is impaired, corroborating other studies in such patients using this and other approaches. J Hypertens 1999, 17:489-495 (C) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0263-6352
AV  - Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Physiol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Sch Med Triangulo Med, Dept Biol Sci, Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med Ribeirao Preto, Dept Pharmacol, BR-14049900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
UR  - ISI:000080341900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2068
T1  - Cleft lip and palate care in the United Kingdom - The Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) study. Part 4: Outcome comparisons, training, and conclusions 1800
A1  - Bearn,D.
A1  - Mildinhall,S.
A1  - Murphy,T.
A1  - Murray,J.J.
A1  - Sell,D.
A1  - Shaw,W.C.
A1  - Williams,A.C.
A1  - Sandy,J.R.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Sandy, JR, Univ Bristol, Sch Dent, Div Child Dent Hlth, Lower Maudlin St, Bristol BS1 2LY, Avon, England 13 13 AMER CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFACIAL ASSOC CHAPEL HILL 1829 EAST FRANKLIN ST, STE 1022, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA CLEFT PALATE-CRANIOFAC J JAN Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Surgery 394PX
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - BONE
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - Child
KW  - children
KW  - CHILDREN BORN
KW  - cleft clinicians
KW  - CLEFT-LIP
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - dentistry
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Status
KW  - HEALTH-STATUS
KW  - intercenter comparisons
KW  - LIP
KW  - Medicine
KW  - National Health Service
KW  - NEED
KW  - Oral Health
KW  - Organization
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PALATE
KW  - Paper
KW  - PART
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - structure
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
KW  - unilateral cleft lip and palate
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
JF  - Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal.Vol.39(6)()(pp 641-645), 2002.
J1  - Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: A critical appraisal of cleft care in the United Kingdom. Design: Retrospective comparative study. Setting: All National Health Service cleft centers in the United Kingdom. Patients/Participants: Children born with unilateral complete clefts of the lip and palate between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984 (12-year-olds), and April 1, 1989, and March 31, 1991 (5-year-olds). Newly appointed and senior cleft clinicians. Main Outcome Measures: Skeletal pattern, dental arch relationship, success of alveolar bone grafting, dental health, facial appearance, oral health status, patient/parent satisfaction. Conclusions: This paper highlights the poor outcomes for the fragmented cleft care in the United Kingdom, compared with European centers. There is an urgent need for a review of structure, organization, and training
SN  - 1055-6656
AV  - Univ Bristol, Sch Dent, Div Child Dent Hlth, Bristol BS1 2LY, Avon, England. Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. Great Ormond St Hosp Children, Dept Speech & Language Therapy, London WC1N 3JH, England. Sch Dent, Dept Child Dent Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, London, England. Univ Dent Hosp Manchester, Unit Orthodont, Manchester, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000166533400007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2069
T1  - The search for the QGP: A critical appraisal 1757
A1  - Satz,H.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Satz, H, Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, POB 10 01 31, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany 84 10 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUPPL MAR Discipline: Physics, Particles & Fields 417CZ
KW  - 158 GEV/C
KW  - And
KW  - ANOMALOUS J/PSI SUPPRESSION
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSITION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTRON-PAIR PRODUCTION
KW  - ENERGY
KW  - English
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - Germany
KW  - HADRONIC COLLISIONS
KW  - Hope
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - KAON PRODUCTION
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - PB-AU COLLISIONS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Plasma
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - QCD
KW  - QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Time
KW  - TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 204
EP  - 218
JF  - Nuclear Physics B-Proceedings Supplements
VL  - 94
N2  - Over the past 15 years, an extensive program of high energy nuclear collisions at BNL and CERN has been devoted to the experimental search for the quark-gluon plasma predicted by QCD. The start of RHIC this year will increase the highest available collision energy by a factor 10. This seems a good time for a critical assessment: what have we learned so far and what can we hope to learn in the coming years?
SN  - 0920-5632
AV  - Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000167819000019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2070
T1  - Pharmacy research mentoring 822
A1  - Sauer,K.A.
A1  - Hepfinger,C.A.
A1  - Wilhardt,M.S.
A1  - Sahni,S.
A1  - Weber,E.W.
A1  - Koontz,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Sauer, KA, Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, POB 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA sauer@pharmacy.arizona.edu 9 1 AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS BETHESDA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA AMER J HEALTH-SYST PHARM DEC 1 Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 878DR
KW  - Article
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - mentoring
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Research
KW  - STAFF-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - USA
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2552
EP  - 2556
JF  - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
VL  - 61
IS  - 23
SN  - 1079-2082
AV  - Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Carl T Hayden VAMC, Primary Care Pharm Residency Program, Phoenix, AZ USA.
UR  - ISI:000225627200017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2071
T1  - The consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT): Better presentation of surgical trials in the journal of hand surgery 823
A1  - Sauerland,S.
A1  - Davis,T.R.C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Sauerland, S, Univ Cologne, Biochem & Expt Sect, Fac Med, Biochem & Expt Div, Ostmerheimer Str 200, D-51109 Cologne, Germany s.sauerland@uni-koeln.de 20 2 CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE EDINBURGH JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND J HAND SURG-BRIT EUR VOL DEC Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 876SO
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - blinding
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CONSORT
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - DECISION
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTAL PHALANX
KW  - EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HAND
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - journal
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - OPEN FRACTURES
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PLACE
KW  - publishing standards
KW  - Randomization
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - READER
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - reports
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - SURGICAL TRIALS
KW  - Technique
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 621
EP  - 624
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery-British and European Volume
VL  - 29B
IS  - 6
N2  - To assure readers that study results are scientifically valid, the methods of a clinical trial should be described adequately. Since randomization, blinding, and intention-to-treat-analysis are major bias-reducing techniques, these aspects should be reported most accurately. The Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) are recommendations to improve the reporting of trials. CONSORT requires that trial authors describe basic methodological aspects that readers need to appraise the strengths of reported clinical trials. This article presents the CONSORT recommendations and explains some of their main aspects. From now on, the Journal of Hand Surgery will use CONSORT to assist authors of randomized controlled trials in improving the description of their studies. We believe that this decision increases the scientific validity of study reports and helps readers when critically appraising articles
SN  - 0266-7681
AV  - Univ Cologne, Biochem & Expt Sect, Fac Med, Biochem & Expt Div, D-51109 Cologne, Germany. Queens Med Ctr, Journal Hand Surg Editorial Off, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England.
UR  - ISI:000225518000018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2072
T1  - Mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction in epilepsy 2122
A1  - Cock,H.
A1  - Schapira,A.H.V.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Schapira, AHV, Univ London, Royal Free & UCH Med Sch, Dept Clin Neurosci, UCL Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, England 89 13 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA EPILEPSIA Suppl. 3 Discipline: Clinical Neurology 225BV
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CALCIUM CHANNELS
KW  - clinical
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DNA
KW  - DYSFUNCTION
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - FRONTAL-LOBE EPILEPSY
KW  - GLUTAMATE NEUROTOXICITY
KW  - HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY
KW  - London
KW  - MARROW-PANCREAS SYNDROME
KW  - MUTATION
KW  - MUTATIONS
KW  - MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY
KW  - Neurology
KW  - PROGRESSIVE EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA
KW  - STROKE-LIKE EPISODES
KW  - THALAMIC NEURONS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
JF  - Epilepsia
VL  - 40
SN  - 0013-9580
AV  - Univ London, Royal Free & Univ Coll Sch Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, England.
UR  - ISI:000081936900009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2073
T1  - The journal club in postgraduate medical education: a systematic review 1631
A1  - Ebbert,J.O.
A1  - Montori,V.M.
A1  - Schultz,H.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Schultz, HJ, Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Internal Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA 67 13 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH SEP Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 485ZT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - conference proceedings
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - HAND
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - inclusion
KW  - investigation
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTICENTER
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - postgraduate medical education
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reading
KW  - READING HABITS
KW  - Review
KW  - rigor
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TEACHING RESIDENTS
KW  - Training
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 455
EP  - 461
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
N2  - An investigation was made as to whether studies have found journal clubs for physicians in training to be effective for improving patient care, teaching critical appraisal skills, improving reading habits, increasing knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, and increasing the use of medical literature in clinical practice. A literature search was undertaken using 10 databases and retrieval systems and hand searches of journals, conference proceedings and personal files. The rigor of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was analyzed using a protocol based on methods established by the Cochrane Collaboration. One randomized controlled trial found an improvement in knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, reading habits, and the use of medical literature in practice, but no improvement in critical appraisal skills. Six less methodologically rigorous studies found possible improvement in critical appraisal skills. It is concluded that journal clubs may improve knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, reading habits, and the use of medical literature in practice. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial of journal clubs is needed to assess whether journal clubs improve critical appraisal skills
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000171793900004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2074
T1  - Part IV. Evidence-based orthopaedics - Evidence-based orthopaedics: A primer 1189
A1  - Schunemann,H.
A1  - Bone,L.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Schunemann, H, Erie Cty Med Ctr & Labs, Dept Med, 462 Grider St, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA 23 3 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CLIN ORTHOP RELATED RES AUG Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 710TP
KW  - And
KW  - ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical decision-making
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Contrast
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Integration
KW  - intervention
KW  - intervention effects
KW  - Intuition
KW  - IV
KW  - KNEE ARTHROSCOPY
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - orthopaedics
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - PART
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problems
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RULE
KW  - RULES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Training
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 132
JF  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.2003 Aug; 413 8-163.
J1  - Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
IS  - 413
N2  - Evidence-based medicine has evolved from the need of solving clinical problems. In contrast to the traditional paradigm of clinical practice, evidence-based medicine acknowledges that intuition, clinical experience, and pathophysiologic rationale are not sufficient for making the best clinical decisions. Although evidence-based medicine recognizes the importance of clinical experience, it includes the evaluation of evidence from clinical research and the integration of patients' values, preferences, and actions for best clinical decision-making. To optimize this process, evidence-based medicine advocates that a formal set of rules must accompany training and clinicians' common sense to interpret and apply evidence from clinical research results effectively. We describe the critical appraisal of studies related to prognosis and therapy or prevention building on an example relevant for the clinical orthopaedist. Based on the example, the authors describe how clinicians can apply measures of association and of intervention effects to their practice and patient care. The authors conclude with describing the appraisal of systematic reviews, their application to the development of practice guidelines, and the process of guideline development and recommendations
SN  - 0009-921X
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Med, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Orthopaed, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
UR  - ISI:000184697700014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2075
T1  - EBM user and practitioner models for graduate medical education: what do residents prefer? 335
A1  - Akl,E.A.
A1  - Maroun,N.
A1  - Neagoe,G.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
A1  - Schunemann,H.J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Schunemann, HJ, Italian Natl Canc Inst Regina Elena, Via Elio Chianesi 53, I-00144 Rome, Italy hjs@buffalo.edu 8 0 TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD ABINGDON 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND MED TEACH MAR Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 044MS
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - based medicine
KW  - CARE
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Italy
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
EP  - 194
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
N2  - The objective of the study reported in this article was to assess and explain medical residents' preferences for the evidence based medicine (EBM) practitioner versus the EBM user models. A self-administered survey and focus group of residents attending a core curriculum EBM master session were undertaken. Most residents, particularly those earlier in their training, preferred the practitioner model. Residents perceived that model as an opportunity to gain advanced EBM skills during residency, as providing the ability to choose practicing under both models, and as offering the gain of independent thinking and greater self-confidence in their critical appraisal skills. The user model had the advantage of reduced time requirements. In sum, the majority of residents preferred a curriculum that focuses on the practitioner over the user model
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Italian Natl Canc Inst Regina Elena, I-00144 Rome, Italy. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Sociol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000237677200017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2076
T1  - Medical students' application of published evidence: randomised trial 1326
A1  - Schwartz,A.
A1  - Hupert,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Schwartz, A, Univ Illinois, Dept Med Educ, MC 591,808 S Wood St,986 CME, Chicago, IL 60612 USA 7 4 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J MAR 8 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 655JR
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - beliefs
KW  - CERVICAL-SPINE
KW  - Chicago
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - CME
KW  - COHORT
KW  - combined
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - interaction
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - journal
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - PROSPECTIVE COHORT
KW  - RADIOGRAPHY
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - RULE
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - specificity
KW  - SPINE
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - testing
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 536
EP  - 538
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 326
IS  - 7388
N2  - Objectives To determine how medical students apply research evidence that varies in validity of methods and importance of results to a clinical decision. Design Students examined a standardised patient with a whiplash injury, decided whether to order a cervical spine radiograph, and rated their confidence in their decision. They then read one of four randomly assigned variants of a structured abstract from a study of a decision rule that argued against such a procedure in this patient Variants factorially combined two levels of validity of methods (prospective cohort or chart review) with two levels of importance of results (high sensitivity or high specificity rule). After reading the abstract, students repeated their choice and rated their confidence. Setting Academic medical centre in the United States. Participants 164 graduating medical students. Main outcome measures Proportion of students in each group whose beliefs shifted or stayed the same. Results When abstracts were of low importance students were more likely to shift their beliefs in favour of radiography, which was not supported by the evidence (odds ratio 3.42, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 10.66). Neither methodological validity nor the interaction between validity and importance influenced decision shift. Few students acquired all necessary clinical data from the patient. Conclusions Although the students could apply concepts of diagnostic testing, greater focus is needed on appraisal of validity and application of evidence to a particular patient
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Univ Illinois, Dept Med Educ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
UR  - ISI:000181548400022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2077
T1  - Is modern medicine at risk of losing the plot? 196
A1  - Scott,I.A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Scott, IA, Princess Alexandra Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia ian_scott@health.qld.gov.au 39 0 AUSTRALASIAN MED PUBL CO LTD PYRMONT LEVEL 2, 26-32 PYRMONT BRIDGE RD, PYRMONT, NSW 2009, AUSTRALIA MED J AUSTRALIA AUG 21 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 086RC
KW  - advocacy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - AT-RISK
KW  - Australia
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - chronic
KW  - chronic illness
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Funding
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IF
KW  - ILLNESS
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Into
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Leadership
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MONEY
KW  - new technologies
KW  - new technology
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - OLDER
KW  - On
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - population health
KW  - practice
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - professional
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - quality
KW  - Queensland
KW  - RATES
KW  - Risk
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - structure
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Training
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 213
EP  - 216
JF  - Medical Journal of Australia
VL  - 185
IS  - 4
N2  - Contemporary medicine has much to its credit, but has created an insatiable demand for new technologies and more health services, fed by commercial promotion, professional advocacy and sociopolitical pressure. Total health expenditure at the national level is now almost 10% of gross domestic product and is expected to top 16% by 2020. After recent inquiries into the failings of its public health system, the Queensland Government has committed itself to a 25% increase in expenditure on health over the next 5 years. But will it lead to better population health, and is it sustainable? The return-on-investment curve for modern health care may be flattening out, in an environment of growing numbers of older patients with chronic illnesses, maldistribution of services and hospital overcrowding. A change in thinking is required if current medical practice is to avoid imploding when confronted with the next major economic downturn. Health policy, service funding and clinical training must focus on critical appraisal of the effectiveness of health care technologies and the structure and financing of health care systems. Practising clinicians will be obliged to provide leadership in determining value for money in the choice of health care for specific patient populations and how that care is delivered
SN  - 0025-729X
AV  - Princess Alexandra Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000240689700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2078
T1  - Pediatric emergency medicine education in emergency medicine training programs 1932
A1  - Tamariz,V.P.
A1  - Fuchs,S.
A1  - Baren,J.M.
A1  - Pollack,E.S.
A1  - Kim,J.
A1  - Seidel,J.S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Seidel, JS, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Box 21,1000 W Carson St, Torrance, CA 90509 USA 17 7 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD EMERG MED JUL Discipline: Emergency Medicine 331HF
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - CARE
KW  - children
KW  - Conferences
KW  - core curriculum
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - emergency department
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - emergency medicine residents
KW  - EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Experience
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Los Angeles
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - NEED
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pediatric
KW  - pediatric emergency medicine
KW  - PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - rotation
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Training
KW  - training program
KW  - TRAINING-PROGRAMS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 774
EP  - 778
JF  - Academic Emergency Medicine.2002 Nov; 9(11): 1242-8.(12 ref)
J1  - Academic Emergency Medicine
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
N2  - Background: The educational goal of emergency medicine (EM) programs has been to prepare its graduates to provide care for a diverse range of patients and presentations, including pediatric patients. Objective: To evaluate the methods used to teach pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) to EM residents. Methods: A written questionnaire was distributed to 118 EM programs. Demographic data were requested concerning the type of residency program, number of residents, required pediatric rotations, elective pediatric rotations, type of hospital and settings in which pediatric patients are seen, and procedures performed. Information was also requested on the educational methods used, proctoring EM received, and any formal curriculum used. Results: Ninety-four percent (111/118) of the programs responded, with 80% of surveys completed by the residency director. Proctoring was primarily performed by PEM attendings and general EM attendings. For-mal means of PEM education most often included the EM core curriculum (94%), journal club (95%), EM grand rounds (94%), and EM morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference (91%). Rotations and electives most often included the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the emergency department (ED) (general and pediatric). Conclusions: Emergency medicine residents are exposed to PEM primarily by rotating through a general ED, the FED, and the PICU, being proctored by PEM and EM attendings and attending EM lectures and EM M&M conferences. Areas that may merit further attention for pediatric emergency training include experience in areas of neonatal resuscitation, pediatric M&M, and specific pediatric electives. This survey highlights the need to describe current educational strategies as a first step to assess perceived effectiveness
SN  - 1069-6563
AV  - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, SAEM Pediat Educ Training Task Force, Torrance, CA 90509 USA.
UR  - ISI:000088012200008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2079
T1  - Critically appraised topics (CATs) 1628
A1  - Shannon,S.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Shannon, S, Hamilton Hlth Sci Corp, Dept Radiol, 1200 Main St W,Box 2000,Stn LCD 1,Chedoke McMaste, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 6 3 CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OTTAWA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA CAN ASSOC RADIOL J OCT Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 487QN
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cats
KW  - content
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Imaging
KW  - innovation
KW  - innovations
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - RADIOLOGISTS
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Reading
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 286
EP  - 287
JF  - Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal-Journal de l Association Canadienne des Radiologistes
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
N2  - journal reading is the number one educational activity for radiologists and is the resource Canadian radiologists use most often when adopting innovations into practice. The goal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (CARJ) is to provide Canadian radiologists with high-quality, peer-reviewed scientific and educational content. This paper introduces a new publication format for the CARJ, the critically appraised topic or CAT
SN  - 0846-5371
AV  - Hamilton Hlth Sci Corp, Dept Radiol, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000171886900002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2080
T1  - Critical appraisal of economic analysis studies 1375
A1  - Shannon,S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Shannon, S, McMaster Univ, Canadian Assoc Radiologists Journal, T-13,1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada 4 0 CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OTTAWA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA CAN ASSOC RADIOL J DEC Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 625TB
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - economic analysis
KW  - ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS
KW  - English
KW  - Imaging
KW  - journal
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Radiologist
KW  - RADIOLOGISTS
KW  - Radiology
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 254
JF  - Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal-Journal de l Association Canadienne des Radiologistes
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
SN  - 0846-5371
AV  - McMaster Univ, Canadian Assoc Radiologists Journal, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000179830700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2081
T1  - The impact of an evidence-based medicine educational intervention on primary care physicians: A qualitative study 4
A1  - Shuval,K.
A1  - Shachak,A.
A1  - Linn,S.
A1  - Brezis,M.
A1  - Feder-Bubis,P.
A1  - Reis,S.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Shuval, K, Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel kshuval@study.haifa.ac.il 28 0 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA J GEN INTERN MED MAR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 143JX
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Arm
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - Behavior
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Consultation
KW  - CONSULTATIONS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision support
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - facilitators
KW  - Focus Groups
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Home
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - Insight
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Into
KW  - Israel
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Studies
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Sampling
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Semi Structured Interview
KW  - Semi-Structured Interview
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 327
EP  - 331
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: Attitudes and barriers to implementing EBM have been examined extensively, but scant evidence exists regarding the impact of EBM teaching on primary care physicians' point of care behavior. OBJECTIVE: Gaining insight into behavioral and attitudinal changes of facilitators and participants during a multifaceted EBM educational intervention. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A qualitative study on primary care physicians and facilitators from a large HMO selected from the intervention arm of a parallel controlled trial using purposeful sampling. We conducted focus groups with 13 facilitators and 17 physicians and semi-structured interviews with 10 facilitators and 11 physicians. RESULTS: Both facilitators and participants believed EBM enhanced the quality of their practice. The intervention affected attitudes and knowledge, but had little impact on physicians' ability to utilize pre-appraised resources at the point of care. Using EBM resources during consultation was perceived to be a complex task and impractical in a busy setting. Conversely, a positive impact on using medication databases was noted. Medication databases were perceived as easy to use during consultations in which the benefits outweighed the barriers. The intervention prompted physicians to write down clinical questions more frequently and to search for answers at home. CONCLUSIONS: This study underlines the need not only to enhance EBM skills, but also to improve the ease of use of EBM resources at the point of care. Tasks should be simplified by tailoring evidence-based information retrieval systems to the busy clinical schedule. Participants' recommendations to establish an HMO decision support service should be considered
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Galil Ctr Med Informat & Telemed, Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, R&B Rappaport Fac Med, Haifa, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Ctr, Ctr Clin Qual & Safety, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, R&B Rappaport Fac Med, Dept Med Educ, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
UR  - ISI:000244718600007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2082
T1  - Behavior treatment programs, readability, and treatment outcomes 1428
A1  - Adkins,A.D.
A1  - Singh,N.N.
A1  - McKeegan,G.F.
A1  - Lanier,A.E.
A1  - Oswald,D.P.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Singh, NN, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, 7401 Sparkleberry Lane, Chesterfield, VA 23832 USA 19 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND RES DEVELOP DISABIL JUL-AUG Discipline: Education, Special; Rehabilitation 596XH
KW  - Affect
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Average
KW  - Behavior
KW  - College
KW  - critical
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - HIV/AIDS
KW  - IF
KW  - implementation
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - Into
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - RAIN
KW  - readability
KW  - Reading
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - TREATMENT PROGRAM
KW  - treatment programs
KW  - USA
KW  - VARIABLES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 265
JF  - Research in Developmental Disabilities
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
N2  - Reading grade level and readability are rarely considered as important variables in the implementation and outcome of behavior treatment plans. In the first of two studies, we analyzed the reading level and readability of 20 behavior treatment plans developed by certified behavior analysts. We found that the behavior plans were written at college reading level-well above the reading level of the average frontline staff member. On a test of readability, none of the behavior plans met criterion on all 12 critical readability variables. To test if there was a correlation suggestive of a relationship among reading grade level, readability, and treatment outcomes, we divided the behavior treatment plans into two groups; 10 that had relatively high readability levels and 10 that had relatively low readability levels. A comparison of the two groups indicated that the average reading level of the behavior plans in both groups was about the same, and the higher readability had somewhat better treatment outcomes. In the second study, we used a multiple baseline design across four individuals to directly assess the effects of manipulating reading grade level and readability of behavior treatment plans on treatment outcomes. Results showed that these manipulations greatly enhanced treatment outcomes of all four individuals. Our data suggest that reading grade level and readability of behavior treatment plans are important variables that directly affect treatment outcomes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0891-4222
AV  - Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Chesterfield, VA 23832 USA. Western State Hosp, Staunton, VA USA.
UR  - ISI:000178191400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2083
T1  - A hierarchy of evidence for assessing qualitative health research 91
A1  - Daly,J.
A1  - Willis,K.
A1  - Small,R.
A1  - Green,J.
A1  - Welch,N.
A1  - Kealy,M.
A1  - Hughes,E.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Article Small, R, La Trobe Univ, 251 Faraday St, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia r.small@latrobe.edu.au 20 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JAN Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 120AN
KW  - Accounting
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - diversity
KW  - Drawing
KW  - empirical studies
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Exercise
KW  - EXERCISES
KW  - experiences
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - frameworks
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - health
KW  - health research
KW  - hierarchy of evidence
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - qualitative
KW  - qualitative evidence for clinical practice
KW  - qualitative methods
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - quality indicators
KW  - quotations
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - RESEARCH DESIGNS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sample
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Science
KW  - SERIES
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - WEIGHT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
JF  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.Vol.59(11)()(pp 1134-1149), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: The objective of this study is to outline explicit criteria for assessing the contribution of qualitative empirical studies in health and medicine, leading to a hierarchy of evidence specific to qualitative methods. Study Design and Setting: This paper arose from a series of critical appraisal exercises based on recent qualitative research studies in the health literature. We focused on the central methodological procedures of qualitative method (defining a research framework, sampling and data collection, data analysis, and drawing research conclusions) to devise a hierarchy of qualitative research designs, reflecting the reliability of study conclusions for decisions made in health practice and policy. Results: We describe four levels of a qualitative hierarchy of evidence-for-practice. The least likely studies to produce good evidence-for-practice are single case studies, followed by descriptive studies that may provide helpful lists of quotations but do not offer detailed analysis. More weight is given to conceptual studies that analyze all data according to conceptual themes but may be limited by a lack of diversity in the sample. Generalizable studies using conceptual frameworks to derive an appropriately diversified sample with analysis accounting for all data are considered to provide the best evidence-for-practice. Explicit criteria and illustrative examples are described for each level. Conclusion: A hierarchy of evidence-for-practice specific to qualitative methods provides a useful guide for the critical appraisal of papers using these methods and for defining the strength of evidence as a basis for decision making and policy generation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0895-4356
AV  - La Trobe Univ, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Sch Sociol & Social Work, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia. Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Educ Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat Hlth, Ctr Study Hlth & Soc, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000243055800006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2084
T1  - Teaching residents evidence-based medicine skills - A controlled trial of effectiveness and assessment of durability 1851
A1  - Smith,C.A.
A1  - Ganschow,P.S.
A1  - Reilly,B.M.
A1  - Evans,A.T.
A1  - McNutt,R.A.
A1  - Osei,A.
A1  - Saquib,M.
A1  - Surabhi,S.
A1  - Yadav,S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Smith, CA, Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Med, 1900 W Polk St,9th Floor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA 29 28 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED OCT Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 371BZ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - cognitive
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - DOMAINS
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - formulation
KW  - Graduate Medical Education
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Internship and Residency
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - intervention
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Searching
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurements
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Performance
KW  - Public Hospital
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TEACHING RESIDENTS
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - understanding
KW  - URBAN
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 710
EP  - 715
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To measure the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to teach residents four essential evidence-based medicine (EBM) skills: question formulation, literature searching, understanding quantitative outcomes, and critical appraisal. DESIGN: Firm-based. controlled trial. SETTING: Urban public hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five first-year internal medicine residents: 18 in the experimental group and 37 in the control group. INTERVENTION: An EBM course, taught 2 hours per week for 7 consecutive weeks by senior faculty and chief residents focusing on the four essential EBM skills. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcome measure was performance on an EBM skills test that was administered four times over 11 months: at baseline and at three time points postcourse. Postcourse test 1 assessed the effectiveness of the intervention in the experimental group (primary outcome); postcourse test 2 assessed the control group after it crossed over to receive the intervention; and postcourse test 3 assessed durability. Baseline EBM skills were similar in the two groups. After receiving the EBM course, the experimental group achieved significantly higher postcourse test scores (adjusted mean difference, 21%: 95% confidence interval, 13% to 28%: P < .001). Postcourse improvements were noted in three of the four EBM skill domains (formulating questions, searching, and quantitative understanding [P < .005 for all], but not in critical appraisal skills [P = .4]). After crossing over to receive the educational Intervention, the control group achieved similar improvements. Both groups sustained these improvements over 6 to 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A brief structured educational Intervention produced substantial and durable improvements In residents' cognitive and technical EBM skills
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
UR  - ISI:000165159000004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2085
T1  - Statistical methods in the surgical literature 404
A1  - Kurichi,J.E.
A1  - Sonnad,S.S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Sonnad, SS, 4 Silverstein Box 4283,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA 38 2 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA J AMER COLL SURGEONS MAR Discipline: Surgery 024YZ
KW  - AMERICAN-COLLEGE
KW  - And
KW  - Archives
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - College
KW  - complexity
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Nonparametric Test
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - STATISTICAL-METHODS
KW  - Statistics
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Time
KW  - trends
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 476
EP  - 484
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
VL  - 202
IS  - 3
N2  - BACKGROUND: It is important that clinicians understand statistical methods to incorporate statistics into their own research and to correctly translate published literature into improved patient care. The purpose of this study was to identify frequency and appropriate use of statistical methods in clinical surgical publications during the past 18 years. STUDY DESIGN: The study included randomly selected issues from odd-numbered years of Annals of Surgery (Annals) and Archives of Surgery (Archives) between 1985 and 2003, and issues in 2003 from Journal of the American College of Surgeons (JACS), Journal of Surgical Research (JSR), and Surgery. We identified all statistical procedures reported in each article, examined correctness of methods, and reported trends in publication of statistical methods over time. RESULTS: The proportion of publications incorporating statistics has increased over time. Declining trends were seen in the proportion of articles with no statistics (p < 0.0001). Approximately 35% of articles in 1985 did not use statistics compared with < 10% in 2003. Nonparametric tests increased (p < 0.0001) during the study period. In Archives of Surgery, nonparametric tests increased from 0% in 1985 to 33% in 2003, and in Annals of Surgery, from 12% in 1985 to 49% in 2003. Twenty-seven percent of studies included incorrect selection or reporting of statistical methods. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the statistical complexity of research in clinical surgery journals is increasing. It is important that clinicians reading this literature have sufficient knowledge of statistical methods to facilitate interpretation of increasingly sophisticated statistical analyses
SN  - 1072-7515
AV  - Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
UR  - ISI:000236233800014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2086
T1  - Early introduction of an evidence-based medicine course to preclinical medical students 1533
A1  - Srinivasan,M.
A1  - Weiner,M.
A1  - Breitfeld,P.P.
A1  - Brahmi,F.
A1  - Dickerson,K.L.
A1  - Weiner,G.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Srinivasan, M, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med, 4150 V St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA 29 13 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED JAN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 542FM
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - facilitators
KW  - Faculty
KW  - feasibility
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - Into
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - preclinical medical students
KW  - Prevention
KW  - principles
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - TEACHING CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - web-based curriculum
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) has been increasingly integrated into medical education curricula. Using an observational research design, we evaluated the feasibility of introducing a 1-month problem-based EBM course for 139 first-year medical students at a large university center. We assessed program performance through the use of a web-based curricular component and practice exam, final examination scores, student satisfaction surveys, and a faculty questionnaire. Students demonstrated active involvement in learning EBM and ability to use EBM principles. Facilitators felt that students performed well and compared favorably with residents whom they had supervised in the past year. Both faculty and students were satisfied with the EBM course. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that early introduction of EBM principles as a short course to preclinical medical students Is feasible and practical
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Ruth Lilly Med Lib, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Off Med Student & Curricular Affairs, Indianapolis, IN USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Ctr Aging Res, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA.
UR  - ISI:000175032900007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2087
T1  - The concept of number: Multiplicity and succession between cardinality and ordinality 365
A1  - Strauss,D.F.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Strauss, DFM, Univ Free State, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa dfms@cknet.co.za 57 0 PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY SOUTHERN AFRICA SOVENGA C/O DR D J LOUW, EDITOR, UNIV NORTH, DEPT PHILOSOPHY, PRIVATE BAG X1106, SOVENGA 0727, SOUTH AFRICA S AFR J PHILOS Discipline: Philosophy 036OB
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - Africa
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Attention
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Conception
KW  - CONCEPTIONS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - EXPRESSION
KW  - functions
KW  - HAND
KW  - Into
KW  - Logic
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - meaning
KW  - multiplicity
KW  - NORTH
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - OIL
KW  - On
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - physical
KW  - reason
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - South Africa
KW  - SOUTH-AFRICA
KW  - STATE
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - TERM
KW  - theoretical
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VIEWS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 27
EP  - 47
JF  - South African Journal of Philosophy
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - This article sets out to analyse some of the most basic elements of our number concept - of our awareness of the one and the manly in their coherence with multiplicity, succession and equinumerosity. On the basis of the definition given by Cantor and the set theoretical definition of cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers provided by Ebbinghaus, a critical appraisal is given of Frege's objection that abstraction and noticing (or disregarding) differences between entities do not produce the concept of number. By introducing the notion of subject functions, ail account is advanced of the (nominalistic) reason why Frege accepted physical, kinematic and spatial properties (subject functions) of entities, but denied the ontic status of their quantitative properties (their quantitative subject function). With reference to intuitionistic mathematics (Brouwer, Weyl, Troelstra, Kreisel, Van Dalen) the primitive meaning of succession is acknowledged and connected to ail analysis of what is entailed in the term 'Gleichzahligkeit' ('equinumerosity'). This expression enables an analysis of the connections between ordinality and cardinality on the one hand and succession and wholeness (totality) on the other. The conceptions of mathematicians such as Frege, Cantor, Dedekind, Zermelo, Brouwer, Skolem, Fraenkel. Von Neumann, Hilbert, Bernays and Weyl, as well as the views of the philosopher Cassirer, are discussed in order to arrive at an assessment of the relation between ordinality and cardinality (also taking into account the relation between logic and arithmetic) - and oil the basis of this evaluation, attention is briefly given to the definition of an ordered pair in axiomatic set theory (with reference to the set theory of Zernicio-Fraenkel) and to the definition of an ordered pair advanced by Wiener and Kuratowski
SN  - 0258-0136
AV  - Univ Free State, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
UR  - ISI:000237079300002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2088
T1  - Five weekend national family medicine fellowship - Program for faculty development 2475
A1  - Talbot,Y.
A1  - Batty,H.
A1  - Rosser,W.W.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Article Talbot, Y, Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, 620 Univ Ave,Suite 801, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada 46 2 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YL763
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Career
KW  - careers
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - content
KW  - Course Content
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Faculty Development
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - family physicians
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - intensive
KW  - Into
KW  - Leaders
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Policy Making
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - representation
KW  - Research
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - structure
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Teams
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - thought
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2151
EP  - 2157
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 43
N2  - PROBLEM ADDRESSED Many faculty development programs are thought time-consuming and inaccessible to academic family physicians or physicians wanting to move into academic positions. This is largely due to difficulty in leaving their practices for extended periods. Canadian family medicine needs trained leaders who can work in teams and are well grounded in the principles of their discipline as they relate to education, management, research, and policy making. OBJECTIVE OF PROGRAM To develop a team of leaders in family medicine. MAIN COMPONENTS OF PROGRAM The Five Weekend National Family Medicine Fellowship Program focuses on the essentials of education, management, communication, critical appraisal skills, and the principles of family medicine to develop leadership and team-building skills for faculty and community-based family physicians entering academic careers. This unique 1-year program combines intensive weekend seminars with small-group projects between weekends. It emphasizes a broader set of skills than just teaching, has regional representation, and focuses on leadership and teamwork using a time-efficient format. CONCLUSION The program has graduated 34 Fellows over the last 3 years. More than 90% of the 35 projects developed through course work have been presented in national or provincial peer-reviewed settings. Quantitative ratings of program structure, course content, and course outcomes have been positive
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - Univ Toronto, Dept Family & Community Med, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000070990400017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2089
T1  - Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based practice teaching 1710
A1  - Taylor,R.
A1  - Reeves,B.
A1  - Mears,R.
A1  - Keast,J.
A1  - Binns,S.
A1  - Ewings,P.
A1  - Khan,K.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Taylor, R, Univ Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England 5 14 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND MED EDUC JUN Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 443QP
KW  - academics
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - CARE
KW  - CONSISTENCY
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Education,Medical
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experts
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - methods,educational measurement
KW  - MODERATE
KW  - NOVICES
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questionnaires,reliability and validity of results
KW  - questions
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching,methods
KW  - TOOL
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - Validation Studies
KW  - Validation Study
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 544
EP  - 547
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
N2  - Aim The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based practice (EBP) teaching. Methods The 152 questionnaires completed by health care professionals with a range of EBP experience were used in this study. Cronbach's alpha for the knowledge and attitude questions indicated a satisfactory level of internal consistency (i.e. >0.60). Results The discriminative validity was evidenced by a statistically significant difference in the knowledge and attitude scores of 'novices' (i.e. little or no prior EBP education) compared with 'experts' (i.e. health care professionals and academics currently teaching EBP). Moderate to good (greater than or equal to0.4) sensitivity index scores were observed for both knowledge and attitude scores as the result of comparing individuals before and after an EBP intervention. Conclusions The results of this validation study indicate that the developed questionnaire is a satisfactory tool with which to evaluate the effectiveness of EBP teaching interventions
SN  - 0308-0110
AV  - Univ Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Hlth Serv Res Unit, London WC1, England. Univ Birmingham, Dept Gen Practice, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Postgrad Med Sch, R&D Support Unit, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Vet Clin Med, Bristol, Avon, England. Musgrave Pk Hosp, Taunton & Somerset NHS R&D Support Unit, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ York, NHS Ctr Reviews & Disseminat, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000169352100008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2090
T1  - Evidence-based medicine, clinical uncertainty, and learning to doctor 1541
A1  - Timmermans,S.
A1  - Angell,A.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Timmermans, S, Brandeis Univ, Dept Sociol, MS 071, Waltham, MA 02454 USA 59 11 AMER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOC WASHINGTON 1307 NEW YORK AVE NW #700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4712 USA J HEALTH SOC BEHAVIOR DEC Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Social 537KN
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL JUDGMENT
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Drawing
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - in-depth interviews
KW  - Information
KW  - information technologies
KW  - Information Technology
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Learning
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - MEDICAL-CARE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MS
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Patient
KW  - pediatric
KW  - practice
KW  - Prediction
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - psychology
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency programs
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Sociology
KW  - Technology
KW  - TERM
KW  - Training
KW  - UNCERTAINTIES
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - values
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 342
EP  - 359
JF  - Journal of Health and Social Behavior
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
N2  - For the past two decades, evidence-based medicine (EBA), or the reliance on current scientific evidence to reach medical decisions, has been embraced as a new paradigm to standardize clinical care. Drawing from in-depth interviews with seventeen pediatric residents in two residency programs, we evaluate the extent to which the medical sociology, scholarship on uncertainty analytically elucidates the recent influx of EBM during residency, training. Our findings suggest that residents interpret EBM in varying ways to match their work practices. 'Librarians " consult the literature while "researchers " evaluate it critically'. For both groups, EBM might generate new uncertainties due to the increased reliance on information technologies and epidemiology Whether EBM reduces uncertainty depends upon the residents' understanding of standardized knowledge and consequent incorporation of EBM in their clinical practice. Contrary, to the predictions of some sociologists, EBM does not lead to a diminishment of humanitarian values in medical care. Nor does EBM lead to a science-based meritocracy on the patient ward, as claimed by some EBM advocates. Our conceptual updating of uncertainty emphasizes the continuous management of uncertainty during the medical socialization process. Me argue that managing uncertainty, develops along with what we term evidence-based clinical judgment
SN  - 0022-1465
AV  - Brandeis Univ, Dept Sociol, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
UR  - ISI:000174757900002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2091
T1  - Evidence-based laboratory medicine as a tool for continuous professional improvement 1208
A1  - Trenti,T.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Trenti, T, Osped Infermi, Ausl Modena, Serv Patol Clin, Via Martiri 51,Pavullo Nel Frignano, I-41026 Modena, Italy 53 3 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS CLIN CHIM ACTA JUL 15 Discipline: Medical Laboratory Technology 701XQ
KW  - And
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - Best practice
KW  - best practices
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical decision-making
KW  - Clinical Diagnosis
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - Cost Control
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Culture
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - diagnostics
KW  - discipline
KW  - DYSFUNCTION
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based laboratory medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Impact
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Information
KW  - INFORMATION OVERLOAD
KW  - Into
KW  - investigation
KW  - Italy
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - laboratory medicine
KW  - laboratory test utilization
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Observation
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - OVERLOAD
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - quality
KW  - quality of evidence
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Role
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
KW  - social science
KW  - Statistics
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technology
KW  - TESTS
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Translating
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TROPONIN-T
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
EP  - 167
JF  - Clinica Chimica Acta
VL  - 333
IS  - 2
N2  - Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM), defined as "the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of patients," seems a tool (a "new paradigm") able to meet individual clinical experience with robust observations. EBM has been driven by the need to manage information overload by cost control and by public request for the best in diagnostics and treatment. Methods: The application of EBM in laboratory medicine or evidence-based laboratory medicine (EBLM) is aimed to advance clinical diagnosis by researching and disseminating new knowledge, combining methods from clinical epidemiology, statistics, and social science with the traditional pathophysiological molecular approach. Results: EBLM, by evaluating the role of diagnostic investigations in the clinical decision-making process with emphasis on measurable outcome, can help both in improving the quality of new scientific findings and in translating the results of good-quality research into everyday practice. Conclusions: Since there is a need to integrate many educational tools to focus the strategy on promoting the implementation of best practices, the STARD proposal for robust diagnostic test primary studies, P the presence of systematic reviews of high quality, and the development of valid guidelines based on the best scientific evidence may be useful to promote an a evidence-based culture for appropriateness, efficiency, and effectiveness in laboratory medicine. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0009-8981
AV  - Osped Infermi, Ausl Modena, Serv Patol Clin, I-41026 Modena, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000184194600007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2092
T1  - A critical look at the use of computing technologies in planning education - The case of the spreadsheet in introductory methods 1361
A1  - Urey,G.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Urey, G, Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA 23 0 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA J PLAN EDUC RES SUM Discipline: Planning & Development; Urban Studies 631AW
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - biases
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - Communication
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - instruction
KW  - Into
KW  - investigation
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - reports
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - School
KW  - SPREAD
KW  - STATE
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - URBAN
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 406
EP  - 418
JF  - Journal of Planning Education and Research
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
N2  - Using John Forester's elaboration of Habermas's theory of communicative action, technological biases that result in the distortion of ordinary communication are explored. Planning instruction related to computing technologies should include critical appraisal of their potential for distortion of communication. The findings from an assessment reveal that Students' naive use of spread sheet technologies increases the likelihood that analytic reports will be marred by distortions of communication. Planning students should be taught to anticipate systematic communication distortions that may arise as inevitable consequences of technological dimensions of everyday decisions. Further investigation is needed into the roles of computing technology in planning classrooms
SN  - 0739-456X
AV  - Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA.
UR  - ISI:000180145300005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2093
T1  - A critical appraisal of pinhole scintigraphy of the ankle and foot 1426
A1  - Frater,C.
A1  - Emmett,L.
A1  - Van Gaal,W.
A1  - Sungaran,J.
A1  - Devakumar,D.
A1  - Van der Wall,H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Article Van der Wall, H, Concord Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Concord 2139, Australia 14 1 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CLIN NUCL MED OCT Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 598GV
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - Ankle
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Confusion
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - diagnoses
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - foot
KW  - Fracture
KW  - FRACTURES
KW  - images
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Information
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pinhole imaging
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - scintigraphy
KW  - specificity
KW  - STRESS-FRACTURES
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Technique
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 707
EP  - 710
JF  - Clinical Nuclear Medicine
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
N2  - Background: Scintigraphy is an established imaging technique for injuries of the ankle and foot that are not apparent on plain radiographs. The scintigraphic technique has varied, with planar and pinhole images being used. Materials and Methods: The incremental value of pinhole scintigraphy over planar imaging was studied in 16 patients with established diagnoses. Inter-reporter reproducibility was also measured. Results: Pinhole scintigraphy improved the diagnostic specificity in nearly one half of the patients (48%). It did not contribute substantial information in 46% and led to confusion in the diagnosis of one patient. Inter-reporter agreement was good, with a kappa value of 0.78. Diagnoses varied from fractures of the talar dome to avulsion fractures of the malleoli and impingement syndromes. Conclusions: Pinhole images add a significant incremental value to planar scintigraphy of the foot and ankle. Although this had been perceived intuitively in the past, it has not been critically evaluated. The technique has good inter-reporter agreement
SN  - 0363-9762
AV  - Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Clin Sci, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. Charles Sturt Univ, Fac Hlth Studies, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia. Concord Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000178268400005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2094
T1  - Doctors' perceptions of the effects of interventions tested in prospective, randomised, controlled, clinical trials: results of a survey of ICU physicians 1753
A1  - Ferreira,F.
A1  - Vincent,J.L.
A1  - Brun-Buisson,C.
A1  - Sprung,C.
A1  - Sibbald,W.
A1  - Cook,D.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Vincent, JL, Erasme Univ Hosp, Dept Intens Care, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium 24 2 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA INTENS CARE MED MAR Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 421MK
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Arginine
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - Belgium
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Confidence
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICALLY ILL
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - CRITICALLY-ILL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIGESTIVE-TRACT
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Doctors
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - ENTERAL DIETS
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - ILL
KW  - ILL PATIENTS
KW  - IMMUNE-ENHANCING DIET
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Infection
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intensive care medicine
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - international
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Measurement
KW  - measurements
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Prevention
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - ROUTE
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION
KW  - self
KW  - survey
KW  - Survival
KW  - Symposium
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 548
EP  - 554
JF  - Intensive Care Medicine.Vol.29(10)()(pp 1637-1644), 2003.
J1  - Intensive Care Medicine
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
N2  - Objectives: To establish a list of therapeutic interventions considered by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians to have been tested by prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) in critically ill patients, and to survey the perceptions of the same physicians on the therapeutic effect of these interventions as evaluated by RCT. Design and setting: Self- applied questionnaire in an International Symposium of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Brussels, Belgium. Participants: All 3250 registrants at the symposium. Measurements and results: There were 527 questionnaires completed, and 446 were suitable for analysis. Respondents were asked to list the therapeutic interventions used in intensive care medicine which they believed have been shown by RCTs to improve survival. Using a 5-point Likert scale, respondents were then asked to rate their assessment of the effectiveness of each intervention they listed and, using a 3-point scale, to select their level of confidence in those assessments. A total of 512 interventions were identified by the respondents as having been tested by RCT, Analysing the 42 interventions quoted more than 12 times, 31 were believed by the respondents to have been shown to have a beneficial effect, and 11 to have a harmful effect. Many of the interventions noted have not in fact been subjected to RCT. Conclusions: Many interventions that have not been tested by RCT were believed to have been tested; conversely, some interventions actually tested by RCT were not mentioned. Few interventions used in the ICU have actually been shown by RCT to have a positive effect on outcome
SN  - 0342-4642
AV  - Erasme Univ Hosp, Dept Intens Care, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. Hop Henri Mondor, Dept Intens Care, Paris, France. Hop Henri Mondor, Infect Control Unit, Paris, France. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Western Ontario, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Crit Care, London, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Crit Care, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000168068000014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2095
T1  - Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations - I: Critical appraisal of existing approaches The GRADE Working Group 792
A1  - Atkins,D.
A1  - Eccles,M.
A1  - Flottorp,S.
A1  - Guyatt,G.H.
A1  - Henry,D.
A1  - Hill,S.
A1  - Liberati,A.
A1  - O'Connell,D.
A1  - Oxman,A.D.
A1  - Phillips,B.
A1  - Schunemann,H.
A1  - Edejer,T.T.T.
A1  - Vist,G.E.
A1  - Williams,J.W.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Vist, GE, Norwegian Hlth Serv Res Ctr, Informed Choice Res Dept, Pb 7004 St Olavs Plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway DAtkins@AHRQ.GOV Martin.Eccles@newcastle.ac.uk signe.flottorp@nhsrc.no guyatt@mcmaster.ca mddah@mail.newcastle.edu.au hillsu@mail.newcastle.edu.au alesslib@tin.it dianneo@nswcc.org.au oxman@online.no bob.phillips@doctors.org.uk hjs@buffalo.edu tantorrest@who.ch gev@nhsrc.no jw.williams@duke.edu gev@nhsrc.no 34 17 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD LONDON MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND BMC HEALTH SERV RES DEC 22 Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services 890RD
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - grading
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - London
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Norway
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - quality
KW  - quality of evidence
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - reason
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - RULES
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TARGET
KW  - TASK-FORCE
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - BMC Health Services Research.Vol.6, 2006.Article Number: 43.Date of Publication: 03 APR 2006.
J1  - BMC Health Services Research
VL  - 4
N2  - Background: A number of approaches have been used to grade levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations. The use of many different approaches detracts from one of the main reasons for having explicit approaches: to concisely characterise and communicate this information so that it can easily be understood and thereby help people make well-informed decisions. Our objective was to critically appraise six prominent systems for grading levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations as a basis for agreeing on characteristics of a common, sensible approach to grading levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations. Methods: Six prominent systems for grading levels of evidence and strength of recommendations were selected and someone familiar with each system prepared a description of each of these. Twelve assessors independently evaluated each system based on twelve criteria to assess the sensibility of the different approaches. Systems used by 51 organisations were compared with these six approaches. Results: There was poor agreement about the sensibility of the six systems. Only one of the systems was suitable for all four types of questions we considered ( effectiveness, harm, diagnosis and prognosis). None of the systems was considered usable for all of the target groups we considered ( professionals, patients and policy makers). The raters found low reproducibility of judgements made using all six systems. Systems used by 51 organisations that sponsor clinical practice guidelines included a number of minor variations of the six systems that we critically appraised. Conclusions: All of the currently used approaches to grading levels of evidence and the strength of recommendations have important shortcomings
SN  - 1472-6963
AV  - Norwegian Hlth Serv Res Ctr, Informed Choice Res Dept, N-0130 Oslo, Norway. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Practice & Technol Assessment, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, Tyne & Wear, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Newcastle, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Newcastle Mater Hosp, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Azienda Osped Policlin, Dept Hematol & Oncol, I-41100 Modena, Italy. CeVEAS, Modena, Italy. NSW Canc Council, Canc Res & Registers Div, Canc Epidemiol Res Unit, Kings Cross, NSW 1340, Australia. Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Evidence Based Med, Oxford OX3 7JX, England. SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Dept Med, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Univ Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. WHO, Global Programme Evidence Hlth Policy, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, HSR&D, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
UR  - ISI:000226527600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2096
T1  - Mental health research in primary care: Mandates from a community advisory board 780
A1  - Chene,R.
A1  - Garcia,L.
A1  - Goldstrom,M.
A1  - Pino,M.
A1  - Roach,D.Y.P.
A1  - Thunderchief,W.
A1  - Waitzkin,H.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Article Waitzkin, H, Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, MSC09 5060,2400 Tucker Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA waitzkin@unm.edu 26 7 ANNALS FAMILY MEDICINE LEAWOOD 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, LEAWOOD, KS 66211-2672, UNITED STATES ANN FAM MED JAN-FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 896GG
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - AGENDA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BACK
KW  - CARE
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - conflict
KW  - Conflict Resolution
KW  - Consumer Participation
KW  - content
KW  - Coverage
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - graduate students
KW  - Healing
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Delivery
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - health research
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Insurance
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Managed Care
KW  - Medicaid
KW  - MEDICAID MANAGED CARE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - mental health services
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Minority Groups
KW  - New Mexico
KW  - NEW-MEXICO
KW  - On
KW  - Parity
KW  - PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
KW  - physical
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - policy issues
KW  - practice
KW  - primary care
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - problems
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Recording
KW  - RECORDINGS
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - RESOLUTION
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - STYLE
KW  - Training
KW  - TRAUMA
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 70
EP  - 72
JF  - Annals of Family Medicine.Vol.3(5)()(pp 457-461), 2005.
J1  - Annals of Family Medicine
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
N2  - PURPOSE We wanted to obtain the viewpoints of a community advisory board in training Junior minority faculty members and graduate students for community-based participatory research (CBPR) on mental health in primary care. METHODS During training institutes, members of a community advisory board presented plenary sessions on research collaboration with communities. The program director edited the transcribed recordings of the presentations for style but not for content. Advisory board members collaborated in revising the transcripts and summarizing themes. RESULTS Board members expressed several key themes. Research must take into account traditional healing practices and prior exploitative research. Historical trauma impedes collaborations, which require conflict resolution and departure from traditional definitions of normalcy. Researchers should include communities in formulating research agendas and should take findings back to the communities for critical appraisal and practical applications. Collaborations should address policy issues including interpreter services, Medicaid managed care, and parity in insurance coverage for physical and mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Community advisory board members present key concerns that otherwise would not enter into the researchers' training curriculum. Such an advisory board can make important contributions to programs that seek to improve CBPR in mental health and primary care
SN  - 1544-1709
AV  - Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. SW Ctr Intercultural Leadership, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Publ Hlth Assoc, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA. Albuquerque Chapter Natl Aliance Mentally Ill, Albuquerque, NM USA. Hlth Act New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA. Parents Behaviorally Different Children, Albuquerque, NM USA. Thunderchief Cultural Consulting & Mental Hlth Ad, Albuquerque, NM USA.
UR  - ISI:000226922000011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2097
T1  - Evidence-based psychopharmacology 2. Appraising a systematic review: is risperidone better than conventional antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia? 2035
A1  - Warner,J.P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Warner, JP, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, St Charles Hosp, 10 Exmoor St, London W10 6DZ, England 9 2 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND J PSYCHOPHARMACOL DEC Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry 276PA
KW  - And
KW  - antipsychotic
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - interpretation
KW  - LEAD
KW  - London
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - On
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RISPERIDONE
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - SERIES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 415
EP  - 418
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
N2  - Systematic reviews are increasingly used to combine the results of several studies in order to define the treatment effect with a high degree of precision. However, reviews of this nature may lead to spurious results and should not be accepted uncritically. This article, the second in a series on evidence-based psychopharmacology, is intended to illustrate the process of critical appraisal of a systematic review. In this example, a systematic review of studies comparing risperidone with conventional antipsychotics is appraised. Interpretation of the results of the systematic review may be hampered by the way in which studies were selected
SN  - 0269-8811
AV  - Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, St Charles Hosp, London W10 6DZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000084885600014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2098
T1  - Evidence-based psychopharmacology 1. Appraising a single therapeutic trial: what is the evidence for treating early Alzheimer's disease with donepezil? 2105
A1  - Warner,J.P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Warner, JP, St Charles Hosp, Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, 10 Exmoor St, London W10 6DZ, England 16 3 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND J PSYCHOPHARMACOL SEP Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry 236QL
KW  - Alzheimer's disease
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - Dementia
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DONEPEZIL
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - expertise
KW  - intervention
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - UTILITY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 308
EP  - 312
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
N2  - Expertise insetting appropriate, answerable clinical questions, undertaking an accurate search of databases, and appraising the evidence found are all key elements to practising evidence-based medicine. Using the published evidence of the utility of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease as an example, I have attempted to illustrate the process of critical appraisal of a therapeutic intervention. The study appraised was well conducted and the results indicate that donepezil may benefit some patients with Alzheimer's disease
SN  - 0269-8811
AV  - St Charles Hosp, Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W10 6DZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000082610000021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2099
T1  - Evidence-based psychopharmacology 3. Assessing evidence of harm: what are the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate? 2000
A1  - Warner,J.P.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Warner, JP, St Charles Hosp, Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, 10 Exmoor St, London W10 6DZ, England 4 2 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND J PSYCHOPHARMACOL MAR Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry 296JC
KW  - 1ST TRIMESTER
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Exposure
KW  - interpretation
KW  - LITHIUM
KW  - lithium carbonate
KW  - London
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - On
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Technique
KW  - teratogens
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 80
JF  - Journal of Psychopharmacology
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
N2  - Critical appraisal techniques are not only useful in evaluating evidence of therapeutic trials. In this final article of the series of evidence-based psychopharmacology, the evidence about the teratogenic effects of lithium carbonate is considered. This exercise highlights the importance of assessing the evidence oneself and not relying on the interpretation others put on it
SN  - 0269-8811
AV  - St Charles Hosp, Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W10 6DZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000086020400011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2100
T1  - Using practice guideline compendiums to provide better preventive care 2228
A1  - Weingarten,S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Article Weingarten, S, Cedars Sinai Hlth Syst, 200 N Robertson,Suite 205, Beverly Hills, CA 90211 USA 41 18 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA ANN INTERN MED MAR 2 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 172AA
KW  - ADOPTION
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Independence
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - PREVENTIVE CARE
KW  - Race
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 454
EP  - 458
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 130
IS  - 5
SN  - 0003-4819
AV  - Cedars Sinai Hlth Syst, Beverly Hills, CA 90211 USA.
UR  - ISI:000078898100021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2101
T1  - The principles of evidence-based medicine 1795
A1  - Wiebe,S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Wiebe, S, LHSC, Univ Campus,339 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada 17 3 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND CEPHALALGIA Suppl. 2 Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences 399EK
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - expertise
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Information
KW  - INFORMATION OVERLOAD
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - limitations
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - On
KW  - OVERLOAD
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - problems
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - TOOL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 13
JF  - Cephalalgia
VL  - 20
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates individual clinical expertise with the best available external evidence in the care of individual patients. By enabling clinicians to directly appraise and apply current clinical research, BBM deals with the problems of deterioration in clinical performance, information overload, and lag in application of research findings to clinical practice. Thus, EBM is a useful tool to address the problems faced by clinicians attempting to provide optimum, current care for their patients. The rationale for EBM, its principles and application, as well as some limitations, are described here
SN  - 0333-1024
AV  - Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000166798200003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2102
T1  - Patterns of continuing professional education in registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered 1047
A1  - Williams,K.A.
A1  - Keim,K.S.
A1  - Johnson,C.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Article Williams, KA, Oklahoma State Univ, Bur Social Res, 301 HES, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA kkathry@okstate.edu 16 0 AMER DIETETIC ASSOC CHICAGO 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA J AMER DIET ASSN MAR Discipline: Nutrition & Dietetics 801DB
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Chicago
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - continuing professional education
KW  - COURSES
KW  - data
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - development
KW  - Diet
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - Dietitian
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - guidance
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Leadership
KW  - LEARNING NEEDS
KW  - NEED
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - On
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - Portfolio
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - Professional education
KW  - Reading
KW  - Registration
KW  - Research
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - USA
KW  - WILL
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 437
EP  - 441
JF  - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
N2  - This study compared the continuing professional education (CPE) activities of registered dietitians (RDs) with those of dietetic technicians, registered (DTRs). A descriptive research study was used with data from the baseline survey evaluating the Commission on Dietetic Registration's (CDR) Professional Development Portfolio. The survey was sent to 3,530 randomly selected RDs and DTRs; 1,429 surveys were returned (40.5% response rate), with 41% of RDs contacted responding and 32% of DTRs responding. Guidance used when selecting CPE activities and type of CPE activity selected were measured. DTRs sought more guidance than RDs when selecting CPE activities (P=.001). A significantly higher percentage of RDs than DTRs selected lectures, workshops, journal clubs, satellite courses, exhibits, professional leadership, professional reading, and poster sessions as CPE activities (P<.05). These findings will aid CPE providers in knowing which CPE activities are typically selected by both dietetics credential groups. DTRs may need guidance in selecting CPE activities
SN  - 0002-8223
AV  - Oklahoma State Univ, Bur Social Res, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
UR  - ISI:000220075500019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2103
T1  - Lessons to be learned from evidence-based medicine: practice and promise of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based education 1951
A1  - Wolf,F.M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Wolf, FM, Univ Washington, Dept Med Educ, E-312 HSC Box 357240, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 58 11 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH MAY Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 320UC
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - BEME
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - Campbell
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - implementation
KW  - instruction
KW  - LESSONS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - practice
KW  - Profit
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - schema
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Students
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 251
EP  - 259
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
N2  - The author briefly describes 10 lessons derived from the practice thus far of evidence-based medicine (EBM) from which evidence-based education/best evidence medical education (EBE/BEME) may potentially profit. Two criteria derived from the practice of evidence-based medicine are then used to assess how well the author believes we have done to date. The first criterion applies the five steps in the model and practicing EBM at the level of the individual practitioner to the field as a whole. The second criterion uses the eight components of a systematic review as an evaluative schema. Finally, the author describes where he believes EBM, EBE and BEME are headed in the future. Brief examples are provided and suggestions are offered for improving the likelihood of making more informed decisions based on the highest quality evidence available. Several ways in which BEME might benefit from, and contribute to, both the Cochrane Collaboration and the proposed new Campbell Collaboration are suggested
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Univ Washington, Dept Med Educ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
UR  - ISI:000087417900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2104
T1  - Evidence-based medicine - Interpreting studies and setting policy 1912
A1  - Woolf,S.H.
A1  - George,J.N.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Article Woolf, SH, Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Family Practice, Med Coll Virginia, 3712 Charles Stewart Dr, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA 85 15 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA HEMATOL ONCOL CLIN N AMER AUG Discipline: Oncology; Hematology 345DC
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXPERT PANEL
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Independence
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - limitations
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Public Policy
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Translating
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 761
EP  - +
JF  - Hematology-Oncology Clinics of North America
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
N2  - Evidence-based medicine seeks to link clinical practice and public policy to evidence that interventions improve outcomes of significance to patients and the public This article reviews two central tasks: (1) the systematic review and critical appraisal of relevant clinical trials and other evidence; and (2) methods for translating evidence into policy (e.g., clinical practice guidelines). Each task involves systematic procedures and explicit methods. This article also discusses the explicit methods for making guidelines based on opinion when evidence is lacking. The limitations and potential hazards of evidence-based medicine are noted
SN  - 0889-8588
AV  - Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Family Practice, Med Coll Virginia, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Sect, Oklahoma City, OK USA.
UR  - ISI:000088799300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2105
T1  - Teachers' journal club: bridging between the dynamics of biological discoveries and biology teachers 1155
A1  - Brill,G.
A1  - Falk,H.
A1  - Yarden,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Yarden, A, Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Sci Teaching, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel 5 1 INST BIOLOGY LONDON 20 QUEENSBERRY PLACE, LONDON SW7 2DZ, ENGLAND J BIOL EDUC FAL Discipline: Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines 725CA
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - biological
KW  - Biology
KW  - biology students
KW  - biology teaching
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISCOVERY
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - GAP
KW  - in-service
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Israel
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - On
KW  - PLACE
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - reading research articles
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 168
EP  - 170
JF  - Journal of Biological Education
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
N2  - Since biology is one of the most dynamic research fields within the natural sciences, the gap between the accumulated knowledge in biology and the knowledge that is taught in schools, increases rapidly with time. Our long-term objective is to develop means to bridge between the dynamics of biological discoveries and the biology teachers and students. Here we report on our recent initiative towards this objective in which we established a journal club forum as a means towards the professional development of biology teachers. We used the journal club format, which is common within the scientific community, in order to engage biology teachers in a constructivist type of learning in which they acquire new skills and at the same time are continuously updated as to biological discoveries, and can then develop updated activities for their biology students. We suggest using the journal club format for the long-term professional development of biology teachers
SN  - 0021-9266
AV  - Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Sci Teaching, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
UR  - ISI:000185524200003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2106
T1  - Evidence-based medicine and practice guidelines: Application to the field of speech-language pathology 1597
A1  - Yorkston,K.M.
A1  - Spencer,K.
A1  - Duffy,J.
A1  - Beukelman,D.
A1  - Golper,L.A.
A1  - Miller,R.
A1  - Strand,E.
A1  - Sullivan,M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Yorkston, KM, Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 48 9 SINGULAR PUBLISHING GROUP INC CLIFTON PARK 5 MAXWELL DR, CLIFTON PARK, NY 12065 USA J MED SPEECH-LANG PATHOL DEC Discipline: Clinical Neurology 502YW
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - COGNITIVE REHABILITATION
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication disorders
KW  - critical
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - INDIVIDUALS
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Neurology
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - PROLIFERATION
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RESEARCH DESIGNS
KW  - Review
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STATEMENTS
KW  - TOOL
KW  - TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
KW  - treatment efficacy
KW  - trends
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Washington
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 243
EP  - 256
JF  - Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
N2  - Medical speech-language pathology is turning to the tools of evidence-based medicine and practice guidelines as a mean of assisting in decision making and improving the quality of services to individuals with neurologic communication disorders. Evidence-based practice is an approach to decision making in which the clinician uses the best evidence available to decide upon the option that best suits their patients. Practice guidelines are explicit statements that assist practitioners and patients to make decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical conditions. Trends leading to a proliferation of guidelines along with a critical review of their development and application to the field of speech-language pathology are provided. Development of evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of dysarthria is reviewed including descriptions of the writing committee and the panel of experts, development of the questions to be addressed, types of evidence included, and methods for rating the evidence
SN  - 1065-1438
AV  - Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Div Speech Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Special Educ & Commun Disorders, Lincoln, NE USA. Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Ctr, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Nashville, TN USA. Vet Adm Puget Sound Hlth Syst, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Nebraska, Munroe Meyer Inst Genet & Rehabil, Omaha, NE 68182 USA.
UR  - ISI:000172771200006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2107
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in general practice: beliefs and barriers among Australian GPs 1721
A1  - Young,J.M.
A1  - Ward,J.E.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Article Young, JM, Univ Western Australia, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Clifton St Bldg, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia 45 23 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 437EJ
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Australia
KW  - BARRIERS
KW  - beliefs
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computer
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - EVIDENCE DATABASES
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - General Practice
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - GPS
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health outcome
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Management
KW  - McNemar's Test
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - number needed to treat
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - PRACTITIONERS USE
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Searching
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Time
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - UNDERSTAND
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VIEWS
KW  - Western Australia
KW  - WESTERN-AUSTRALIA
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 201
EP  - 210
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
N2  - If implemented, evidence-based medicine (EBM) in general practice will improve health outcomes for patients. This paper examines the views of 60 Australian general practitioners about EBM. While 57% of respondents had a computer in their surgery, 15% had Internet access and only 3% had access to the Cochrane Library at work. The most commonly cited barrier to EBM was 'patient demand for treatment despite lack of evidence for effectiveness' (45%), The next three most highly rated barriers related to lack of time, For each of three tasks of EBM, namely searching for evidence, appraising evidence and discussing the implications of evidence with patients, lack of time was rated as a 'very important barrier' by significantly more participants than lack of skills (McNemar's tests: chi (2)(1) = 7.1, P = 0.008, chi (2)(1) = 14.0, P = 0.001 and chi (2)(1) = 9.0, P = 0.003, respectively). Preferred resources for EBM included clinical practice guidelines (rated as 'very useful' by 55%) and journals that summarize research evidence, for example Evidence-based Medicine (52%). Systematic reviews were considered 'very useful' by only 15% of respondents, consistent with our finding that 30% did not understand the term 'systematic review'. Furthermore, 43% did not understand 'meta-analysis'. A minority indicated they understood the terms 'relative risk' (23%), 'absolute risk' (28%) and 'number needed to treat' (15%) sufficiently to explain to others. Skills development is crucial to achieve EBM in general practice
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Univ Western Australia, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. Cent Sydney Area Hlth Serv, Needs Assessment & Hlth Outcomes Unit, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000168977400012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2108
T1  - Delayed-onset hypothesis of antipsychotic action - A hypothesis tested and rejected 1105
A1  - Agid,O.
A1  - Kapur,S.
A1  - Arenovich,T.
A1  - Zipursky,R.B.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Article Zipursky, RB, Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Schizophrenia Program, 250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada 87 39 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT DEC Discipline: Psychiatry 750WV
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - ACUTE EXACERBATIONS
KW  - ACUTE-PHASE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - antipsychotic
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - CELL DEPOLARIZATION-BLOCK
KW  - Chicago
KW  - CHRONIC HALOPERIDOL TREATMENT
KW  - CHRONIC-SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COMPARING REMOXIPRIDE
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - CURVES
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOPAMINE NEURONS
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND MULTICENTER
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - LEAD
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - MEDICATIONS
KW  - Medline
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - Negative Syndrome
KW  - Nursing
KW  - OLANZAPINE TRIAL
KW  - On
KW  - PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - Placebo
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Rating Scale
KW  - RATING-SCALE
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scales
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Time
KW  - TIME-COURSE
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNDERSTAND
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1228
EP  - 1235
JF  - Archives of General Psychiatry.Vol.60(12)()(pp 1228-1235), 2003.
J1  - Archives of General Psychiatry
VL  - 60
IS  - 12
N2  - Context: To understand the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs, it is critical to recognize the time course over which these medications take effect. Current models of antipsychotic action presume a "delayed onset" of action. Objective: To test the delayed-onset hypothesis of antipsychotic action via a meta-analytic study. Data Sources and Study Selection: Double-masked studies that reported results from active or placebo-controlled trials of antipsychotic response during the first 4 weeks of treatment were selected. These studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, 1996 to 2001; the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, 1982 to 2001; EMBASE, 1980 to 2001; the ACP Journal Club; the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness. Leads from these sources were followed up by manual searches. Data Synthesis: Forty-two published studies, including 7450 patients and 119 independent response vs time curves, were identified. Reductions in total scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were 13.8% during week 1,8.1% during week 2,4.2% during week 3, and 4.7% during week 4. This pattern of "early-onset" improvement was present even after the estimated effect of placebo treatment was removed and when results were restricted to the psychotic subscales of the scales. Conclusions: This analysis rejects the commonly held hypothesis that antipsychotic response is delayed. Rather, these findings suggest that the antipsychotic response starts in the first week of treatment and accumulates over time. Furthermore, greater improvement occurs in the first 2 treatment weeks than in the subsequent 2 treatment weeks. Proposed mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs need to account for this early-onset antipsychotic effect
SN  - 0003-990X
AV  - Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Schizophrenia Program, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. Univ Toronto, PET Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Psychiat, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Stat, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000187022200007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2109
T1  - Perioperative administration of beta-blockers 108
A1  - Strametz,R.
A1  - Zwissler,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Article Zwissler, B, Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, Klin Anasthesiol Intensmed & Schmerztherapie, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany Bernhard.Zwissler@kgu.de 18 0 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA ANAESTHESIST NOV Discipline: Anesthesiology 111AJ
KW  - Administration
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Atenolol
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - beta-blocker
KW  - BETA-BLOCKERS
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - data
KW  - DEFICITS
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Germany
KW  - High Risk Patient
KW  - HIGH-RISK
KW  - HIGH-RISK PATIENTS
KW  - intervention
KW  - LOW-RISK PATIENTS
KW  - MAJOR NONCARDIAC SURGERY
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - power
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Profit
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - RATES
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - statistical power
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical procedure
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1197
EP  - +
JF  - Anaesthesist.Vol.55(11)()(pp 1197-1204), 2006.
J1  - Anaesthesist
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
N2  - Background. The perioperative administration of beta blockers is a controversial issue. Numerous trials failed to show any significant benefit or disadvantage because of low event rates and insufficient statistical power. Methods. In July 2005 McGory et al. and Devereaux et al. separately published 2 meta-analyses, raising the question of the perioperative administration of beta blockers for patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. In February 2006, Schouten et al. published an additional meta-analysis concerning the same question. This evidence is supplemented by the publication of Lindenauer et al. in 2005. These trials will be critically appraised in this review. Results. McGory et al. concluded from their data that the perioperative administration of beta blockers significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality. However, this conclusion is clearly not valid because of methodological deficits of the meta-analysis. In addition, the publications by Devereaux et al. and Schouten et al. did not support the results of the analysis by McGory et al.. Conclusions. There is still no clear evidence to prove a significant benefit for the unselected perioperative use of beta blockers in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. While high-risk patients and those undergoing major surgical procedures seem to profit, low-risk patients may be more harmed than helped by this intervention. The fact that 3 meta-analyses raising the same question produced substantially different results, underlines the importance of critically appraising each meta-analysis
SN  - 0003-2417
AV  - Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, Klin Anasthesiol Intensmed & Schmerztherapie, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000242422500008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2110
T1  - Diverse practices: A critical reader on British video art - Knight,J 2623
A1  - Christie,I.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Book Review 1 0 BRITISH FILM INST LONDON 21 STEPHEN STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 1PL SIGHT SOUND NOV Discipline: Film, Radio, Television VP703
KW  - Art
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - film
KW  - London
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Radio
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - Television
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 34
JF  - Sight and Sound
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
SN  - 0037-4806
UR  - ISI:A1996VP70300049
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2111
T1  - The nineteenth-century novel - A critical reader 1729
A1  - Clifford,D.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Book Review 1 0 TIMES SUPPLEMENTS LIMITED MARKET HARBOROUGH TOWER HOUSE, SOVEREIGN PARK, MARKET HARBOROUGH LE87 4JJ, ENGLAND TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL MAY 4 Discipline: Humanities, Multidisciplinary 431TP
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Market
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - Time
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 33
EP  - 33
JF  - Tls-the Times Literary Supplement
IS  - 5118
SN  - 0307-661X
UR  - ISI:000168647100067
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2112
T1  - The politics of domestic consumption: Critical readings - Jackson,S, Moores,S 2562
A1  - Blaszczyk,R.L.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Book Review Blaszczyk, RL, BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215 1 0 UNIV CHICAGO PRESS CHICAGO 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 TECHNOL CULTURE APR Discipline: History & Philosophy Of Science XB940
KW  - Book
KW  - Chicago
KW  - CONSUMPTION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Culture
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Politics
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 493
EP  - 497
JF  - Technology and Culture
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
SN  - 0040-165X
UR  - ISI:A1997XB94000013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2113
T1  - The Pentateuch: A liberation-critical reading 2223
A1  - Bohmbach,K.G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Book Review Bohmbach, KG, Susquehanna Univ, Selinsgrove, PA USA 1 0 UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY RICHMOND INTERPRETATION 3401 BROOK RD, RICHMOND, VA 23227 USA INTERPRETATION-J BIBL THEOL JAN Discipline: Religion 158PF
KW  - Book
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Reading
KW  - Religion
KW  - Review
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 82
EP  - 82
JF  - Interpretation-A Journal of Bible and Theology
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
SN  - 0020-9643
AV  - Susquehanna Univ, Selinsgrove, PA USA.
UR  - ISI:000078123400016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2114
T1  - Empowering practice? A critical appraisal of the family group conference approach 1950
A1  - Bisman,C.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Book Review Bisman, C, Bryn Mawr Coll, Grad Sch Social Work & Social Res, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA 7 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND BRIT J SOC WORK APR Discipline: Social Work 323CQ
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Work
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 268
EP  - 269
JF  - British Journal of Social Work
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SN  - 0045-3102
AV  - Bryn Mawr Coll, Grad Sch Social Work & Social Res, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA.
UR  - ISI:000087547600009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2115
T1  - The sociology of organizations - Classic, contemporary, and critical readings 1103
A1  - Becker,M.C.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Book Review Becker, MC, Univ So Denmark, Odense, Denmark 3 0 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND MANAGE LEARNING DEC Discipline: Management 751DH
KW  - And
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Denmark
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - readings
KW  - Review
KW  - Sociology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 493
EP  - 495
JF  - Management Learning
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
SN  - 1350-5076
AV  - Univ So Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
UR  - ISI:000187037200009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2116
T1  - Naturalism: A critical appraisal 2395
A1  - Clayton,P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Book Review Clayton, P, Calif State Univ Sonoma, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA 1 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS MALDEN 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA ZYGON JUN Discipline: Social Issues; Religion ZP836
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Religion
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Issues
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 299
EP  - 303
JF  - Zygon
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SN  - 0591-2385
AV  - Calif State Univ Sonoma, Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA.
UR  - ISI:000073793300013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2117
T1  - British literature 1640-1789: A critical reader 1921
A1  - Combe,K.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Book Review Combe, K, Denison Univ, Granville, OH 43023 USA 1 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND NOTES QUERIES JUN Discipline: Literature 334FD
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Literature
KW  - Note
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 262
EP  - 263
JF  - Notes and Queries
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
SN  - 0029-3970
AV  - Denison Univ, Granville, OH 43023 USA.
UR  - ISI:000088175100076
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2118
T1  - E. H. Carr: a critical appraisal 1831
A1  - Cox,R.W.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Book Review Cox, RW, York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada 1 0 BLACKWELL PUBL LTD OXFORD 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND INT AFF OCT Discipline: International Relations 376EL
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - international
KW  - On
KW  - Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 884
EP  - 886
JF  - International Affairs
VL  - 76
IS  - 4
SN  - 0020-5850
AV  - York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000165445200069
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2119
T1  - The houses of history: A critical reader in twentieth-century history and theory 1781
A1  - Corfield,P.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Book Review Corfield, PJ, Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England 1 0 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND J CONTEMP HIST JAN Discipline: History 392TC
KW  - And
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - London
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 161
JF  - Journal of Contemporary History
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SN  - 0022-0094
AV  - Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England.
UR  - ISI:000166427800009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2120
T1  - Science and social work: A critical appraisal 1456
A1  - Corcoran,K.J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Book Review Corcoran, KJ, Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA 4 0 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA RES SOCIAL WORK PRAC SEP Discipline: Social Work 586CP
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Social Work
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 695
EP  - 697
JF  - Research on Social Work Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SN  - 1049-7315
AV  - Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
UR  - ISI:000177566600008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2121
T1  - African American performance and theater history: A critical reader 571
A1  - Chirico,M.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Book Review Chirico, M, Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA 1 0 UNIV COLORADO BOULDER 125 HELLEMS BLDG, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA ENGL LANG NOTES JUN Discipline: Literature 938DS
KW  - African American
KW  - AFRICAN-AMERICAN
KW  - And
KW  - Book
KW  - Colorado
KW  - critical
KW  - CT
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - Literature
KW  - Note
KW  - Performance
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 83
EP  - 95
JF  - English Language Notes
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
SN  - 0013-8282
AV  - Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA.
UR  - ISI:000229980700010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2122
T1  - David Harvey: A critical reader 101
A1  - Christophers,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Book Review Christophers, B, Univ Auckland, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand 1 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND N Z GEOGR DEC Discipline: Geography 114LO
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - Publishing
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
JF  - New Zealand Geographer
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
SN  - 0028-8144
AV  - Univ Auckland, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
UR  - ISI:000242667900021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2123
T1  - Analysing performance: A critical reader 2361
A1  - Ferris,L.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Book Review Ferris, L, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA 1 0 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS BALTIMORE JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA THEATRE J MAY Discipline: Theater ZR572
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - NORTH
KW  - Performance
KW  - Publishing
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 275
EP  - 276
JF  - Theatre Journal
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SN  - 0192-2882
AV  - Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
UR  - ISI:000073991300025
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2124
T1  - African American performance and theater history: A critical reader 1288
A1  - Fraden,R.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Book Review Fraden, R, Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA 1 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC CARY JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA AMER LIT HISTORY SPR Discipline: Literature, American 643GX
KW  - African American
KW  - AFRICAN-AMERICAN
KW  - And
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - History
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Performance
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 200
EP  - 210
JF  - American Literary History
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SN  - 0896-7148
AV  - Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
UR  - ISI:000180854500026
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2125
T1  - Fantastic literature: A critical reader 502
A1  - Freedman,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Book Review Freedman, C, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA 1 0 SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES GREENCASTLE DEPAUW UNIV, DEPT ROMANCE LANGUAGES, GREENCASTLE, IN 46135-0037 USA SCI-FICT STUD NOV Part 3 Discipline: Literature 981ED
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Language
KW  - LANGUAGES
KW  - Literature
KW  - Louisiana
KW  - PART
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - Romance
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 537
EP  - 540
JF  - Science-Fiction Studies
VL  - 32
SN  - 0091-7729
AV  - Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
UR  - ISI:000233069300021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2126
T1  - Power, justice, and the environment: A critical appraisal of the environmental justice movement 149
A1  - Faber,D.R.
A1  - Karaoglu,L.L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Book Review Faber, DR, Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA 1 0 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV SAN DIEGO DEPT SOCIOLOGY, SAN DIEGO, CA 92182 USA MOBILIZATION SEP Discipline: Sociology 097OM
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Justice
KW  - Mobilization
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - power
KW  - Review
KW  - Sociology
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 317
EP  - 318
JF  - Mobilization
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SN  - 1086-671X
AV  - Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
UR  - ISI:000241457600010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2127
T1  - Laclau: A critical reader 423
A1  - Ffrench,P.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Book Review Ffrench, P, Univ London Kings Coll, London WC2R 2LS, England 1 0 SOC FRENCH STUDIES BELFAST QUEENS UNIV BELFAST DEPT FRENCH, BELFAST BT19 1NN, IRELAND FR STUD JAN Discipline: Literature, Romance 018CU
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - French
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - Romance
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 156
EP  - 157
JF  - French Studies
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
SN  - 0016-1128
AV  - Univ London Kings Coll, London WC2R 2LS, England.
UR  - ISI:000235742100077
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2128
T1  - Critical reading and writing 969
A1  - Glade,F.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Book Review Glade, F, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA 6 0 SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD LONDON 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND DISCOURSE STUD MAY Discipline: Communication 828HB
KW  - And
KW  - Book
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - Communication
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - discourse
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - London
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
KW  - WASHINGTON-STATE
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 280
EP  - 282
JF  - Discourse Studies
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SN  - 1461-4456
AV  - Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
UR  - ISI:000221963300009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2129
T1  - Critical reading in language education 827
A1  - Goatly,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Book Review Goatly, A, Lingnan Univ, Dept English, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China goatly@ln.edu.hk 5 0 BLACKWELL PUBL LTD OXFORD 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND J SOCIOLING NOV Discipline: Applied Linguistics 873KF
KW  - applied linguistics
KW  - Book
KW  - China
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Language
KW  - language education
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 607
EP  - 613
JA  - Journal of Sociolinguistics
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SN  - 1360-6441
AV  - Lingnan Univ, Dept English, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
UR  - ISI:000225278000010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2130
T1  - Human nature: A critical reader 2259
A1  - Kaplan,D.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Book Review Kaplan, D, Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA 1 0 AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC ARLINGTON 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA AMER ETHNOLOGIST AUG Discipline: Anthropology 154HM
KW  - Anthropology
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Nature
KW  - NORTH
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 517
EP  - 518
JF  - American Ethnologist
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SN  - 0094-0496
AV  - Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA.
UR  - ISI:000077883400031
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2131
T1  - The pocket guide to critical appraisal 2386
A1  - Linton,S.J.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Book Review Linton, SJ, Orebro Med Ctr Hosp, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, S-70185 Orebro, Sweden 1 0 PLENUM PUBL CORP NEW YORK 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA J OCCUP REHABIL MAR Discipline: Rehabilitation; Social Issues ZV015
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Issues
KW  - Sweden
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 89
EP  - 90
JF  - Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.Vol.12(4)()(pp 277-295), 2002.
J1  - Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SN  - 1053-0487
AV  - Orebro Med Ctr Hosp, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, S-70185 Orebro, Sweden.
UR  - ISI:000074259800007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2132
T1  - Becoming (other)wise: Enhancing critical reading prospectives 1855
A1  - Louie,B.Y.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Book Review Louie, BY, Univ Washington, Tacoma, WA USA 4 0 INT READING ASSOC NEWARK 800 BARKSDALE RD P O BOX 8139, NEWARK, DE 19714 USA J ADOLESC ADULT LITERACY NOV Discipline: Education & Educational Research 368JP
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult literacy
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 293
EP  - 295
JF  - Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SN  - 1081-3004
AV  - Univ Washington, Tacoma, WA USA.
UR  - ISI:000090114100013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2133
T1  - Critical appraisal of epidemiological studies and clinical trials, second edition 2202
A1  - Madhok,R.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Book Review Madhok, R, E Riding Hlth Author, Dept Hlth Policy & Publ Hlth, Kingston Upon Hull, Yorks, England 1 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND J PUBLIC HEALTH MED MAR Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 182CX
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - Review
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 111
EP  - 112
JF  - Journal of Public Health Medicine
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SN  - 0957-4832
AV  - E Riding Hlth Author, Dept Hlth Policy & Publ Hlth, Kingston Upon Hull, Yorks, England.
UR  - ISI:000079481900024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2134
T1  - Empowering Practice? A critical appraisal of the family group conference approach 1902
A1  - Mullender,A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Book Review Mullender, A, Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England 8 0 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA J SOC POLICY JUL Part 3 Discipline: Public Administration; Social Issues; Social Work 346GE
KW  - Administration
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - PART
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Review
KW  - Social Issues
KW  - Social Work
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 524
EP  - 527
JF  - Journal of Social Policy
VL  - 29
SN  - 0047-2794
AV  - Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000088861800022
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2135
T1  - Critical appraisal of medical literature 1645
A1  - Munk-Jorgensen,P.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Book Review Munk-Jorgensen, P, Psychiat Hosp Aarhus, Dept Psychiat Demog, Skovagervej 2, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark 1 0 MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD COPENHAGEN 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND OCT Discipline: Psychiatry 478CY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Denmark
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 318
EP  - 319
JF  - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
VL  - 104
IS  - 4
SN  - 0001-690X
AV  - Psychiat Hosp Aarhus, Dept Psychiat Demog, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark.
UR  - ISI:000171326400018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2136
T1  - Critical appraisal of medical literature 1468
A1  - Sauer,J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Book Review Sauer, J, Maudsley Hosp & Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AZ, England 1 0 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND INT REV PSYCHIATR AUG Discipline: Psychiatry 576PV
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 235
EP  - 235
JF  - International Review of Psychiatry
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SN  - 0954-0261
AV  - Maudsley Hosp & Inst Psychiat, London SE5 8AZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000177014400017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2137
T1  - Reader's guide to critical appraisal of cohort studies: 1. Role and design (vol 330, pg 895, 2005) 691
A1  - Rochon,P.A.
A1  - Gurwitz,J.H.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Correction 1 0 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J MAY 14 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 927BH
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - READER
KW  - Role
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
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SP  - 1143
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JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 330
IS  - 7500
SN  - 0959-8146
UR  - ISI:000229166900030
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2138
T1  - Clinical forum: A critical appraisal of spontaneous perilymphatic fistulas of the inner ear (vol 20, pg 261, 1999) 2137
A1  - Friedland,D.R.
A1  - Wackym,P.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Correction 1 1 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA AMER J OTOLOGY JUL Discipline: Otorhinolaryngology 214XA
KW  - appraisal
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Ear
KW  - English
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 560
EP  - 560
JF  - American Journal of Otology
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SN  - 0192-9763
UR  - ISI:000081351800029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2139
T1  - Evidence-based clinical behavior analysis, evidence-based medicine and the Cochrane collaboration. (vol 30, pg 1, 1999) 2110
A1  - Gambrill,E.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Correction 4 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J BEHAV THER EXP PSYCHIAT JUN Discipline: Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry 232KC
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - assessment
KW  - Behavior
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - clients
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical behavior analysis
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMERS
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - efficacy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - healthcare
KW  - ideas
KW  - informed choice
KW  - interest
KW  - LEARN
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problem based learning
KW  - Problem-Based Learning
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - psychology
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - relationships
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Training
KW  - values
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 153
EP  - 154
JF  - Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
N2  - Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making important clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who share this interest. Evidence-based medicine involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available external evidence from systematic research as well as considering the values and expectations of patients/clients. Advantage can be taken of educational formats developed in EBM, such as problem-based learning and critical-appraisal workshops in which participants learn how to ask key answerable questions related to important clinical practice questions (e.g., regarding effectiveness, accuracy of assessment measures, prediction, prevention, and quality of clinical practice guidelines) and to access and critically appraise related research. The Cochrane Collaboration is a world-wide network of centers that prepare, maintain, and disseminate high-quality systematic reviews on the efficacy of healthcare. These databases allow access to evidence related to clinical practice decisions. Forging reciprocal working relationships with those involved in EBM and the CC should contribute to the pursuit of shared goals such as basing clinical decisions on the best-available evidence and involving clients as informed consumers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
SN  - 0005-7916
UR  - ISI:000082369100008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2140
T1  - Spine Journal Club 2610
A1  - Katz,J.N.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Katz, JN, HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DIV RHEUMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02115 3 0 LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SPINE FEB 15 Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics WJ704
KW  - clinical
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - SPINE
KW  - Washington
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 367
EP  - 367
JF  - Spine.Vol.31(13)()(pp 1405-1409), 2006.
J1  - Spine
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
SN  - 0362-2436
UR  - ISI:A1997WJ70400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2141
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal skills needs a rethink 2313
A1  - [Anon]
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 0 0 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND MED EDUC SEP Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 126FC
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 449
EP  - 450
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
SN  - 0308-0110
UR  - ISI:000076281400003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2142
T1  - Intravenous infusion of total dose iron in peritoneal dialysis patients: A critical appraisal - Author's reply 2275
A1  - Ahsan,N.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Ahsan, N, Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med,Coll Med, 500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA 7 0 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA AMER J KIDNEY DIS DEC Discipline: Urology & Nephrology 145QY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Dialysis
KW  - DIALYSIS PATIENTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Independence
KW  - INFUSION
KW  - INTRAVENOUS-INFUSION
KW  - Iron
KW  - KIDNEY
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS
KW  - STATE
KW  - urology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1088
EP  - 1090
JF  - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
SN  - 0272-6386
AV  - Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Dept Med,Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
UR  - ISI:000077383900028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2143
T1  - An evidence-based medicine journal club for general practitioners 2467
A1  - Beaumont,B.
A1  - McCartney,P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material McCartney, P, Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Hlth Promot Res Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England 5 0 ROYAL COLL GENERAL PRACTITIONERS LONDON 14 PRINCES GATE, HYDE PARK, LONDON, ENGLAND SW7 1PU BRIT J GEN PRACT JAN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YP267
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practitioners
KW  - UNIT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 934
EP  - 935
JF  - British Journal of General Practice.Vol.55(511)()(pp 139-146), 2005.
J1  - British Journal of General Practice
VL  - 48
IS  - 426
SN  - 0960-1643
AV  - Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Hlth Promot Res Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England.
UR  - ISI:000071259800029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2144
T1  - Continuing medical education: an opportunity for bringing about change in clinical practice 2318
A1  - Burr,R.
A1  - Johanson,R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Burr, R, N Staffordshire Hosp, Acad Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Stoke On Trent, Staffs, England 44 3 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND BRIT J OBSTET GYNAECOL SEP Discipline: Obstetrics & Gynecology 126BZ
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - continuing medical education
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - EFFECTIVE CARE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - PHYSICIAN PERFORMANCE
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Science
KW  - Staff
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 940
EP  - 945
JF  - British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
VL  - 105
IS  - 9
SN  - 0306-5456
AV  - N Staffordshire Hosp, Acad Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Stoke On Trent, Staffs, England.
UR  - ISI:000076274000003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2145
T1  - Public doublespeak, critical reading, and verbal action 2298
A1  - Coe,R.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Coe, RM, Simon Fraser Univ, Dept English, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada 0 0 INT READING ASSOC NEWARK 800 BARKSDALE RD P O BOX 8139, NEWARK, DE 19714 USA J ADOLESC ADULT LITERACY NOV Discipline: Education & Educational Research 132YZ
KW  - Adult
KW  - adult literacy
KW  - And
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 192
EP  - 194
JF  - Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
SN  - 1081-3004
AV  - Simon Fraser Univ, Dept English, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000076660800005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2146
T1  - Intravenous infusion of total dose iron in peritoneal dialysis patients: A critical appraisal 2274
A1  - Fishbane,S.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Fishbane, S, 222 Stn Plaza N,Suite 510, Mineola, NY 11501 USA 11 1 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA AMER J KIDNEY DIS DEC Discipline: Urology & Nephrology 145QY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Dialysis
KW  - DIALYSIS PATIENTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Erythropoietin
KW  - Independence
KW  - INFUSION
KW  - INTRAVENOUS-INFUSION
KW  - Iron
KW  - KIDNEY
KW  - Management
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS
KW  - urology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1086
EP  - 1088
JF  - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
SN  - 0272-6386
AV  - Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dialysis Ctr, Mineola, NY 11501 USA.
UR  - ISI:000077383900027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2147
T1  - The missing curriculum 2369
A1  - Ghali,W.A.
A1  - Lesky,L.G.
A1  - Hershman,W.Y.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Ghali, WA, Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada 13 10 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD MED JUL Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 101MW
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Doctors
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information Management
KW  - MEDICAL JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 734
EP  - 736
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 73
IS  - 7
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
UR  - ISI:000074873600008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2148
T1  - Advancing information mastery in family practice 2330
A1  - Nutting,P.A.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Nutting, PA, Journal Family Practice, 1650 Pierce St, Denver, CO 80214 USA 10 2 APPLETON & LANGE E NORWALK 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 USA J FAM PRACT SEP Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 120MD
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - CT
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - Information
KW  - JFP JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Information
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 182
EP  - 184
JF  - Journal of Family Practice.Vol.55(11)()(pp 942), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Family Practice
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SN  - 0094-3509
AV  - Journal Family Practice, Denver, CO 80214 USA.
UR  - ISI:000075959400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2149
T1  - Teaching critical appraisal: no quick fixes 2456
A1  - Sackett,D.L.
A1  - Parkes,J.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Sackett, DL, Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Evidence Based Med, Level 5,Headley Way, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxon, England 4 18 CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OTTAWA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA CAN MED ASSN J JAN 27 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YU697
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - quality
KW  - Teaching
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 203
EP  - 204
JF  - Canadian Medical Association Journal
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
SN  - 0820-3946
AV  - Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Evidence Based Med, Headington OX3 9DU, Oxon, England. Inst Hlth Sci, Ctr Stat Med, Oxford, England.
UR  - ISI:000071745200029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2150
T1  - How to critically read observational studies 2142
A1  - Dewey,C.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 1 0 AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS DES MOINES 5921 FLEUR DR, DES MOINES, IA 50321 USA SWINE HEALTH PROD JUL-AUG Discipline: Veterinary Sciences 210RY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - practitioners
KW  - READ
KW  - Science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 144
EP  - 145
JF  - Swine Health and Production
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SN  - 1066-4963
UR  - ISI:000081119500002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2151
T1  - Critically reading the scientific literature: Reading the title and summary 2179
A1  - Dewey,C.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 0 0 AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS DES MOINES 5921 FLEUR DR, DES MOINES, IA 50321 USA SWINE HEALTH PROD MAY-JUN Discipline: Veterinary Sciences 189VV
KW  - And
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Literature
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Reading
KW  - Science
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 100
EP  - 100
JF  - Swine Health and Production
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
SN  - 1066-4963
UR  - ISI:000079927600002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2152
T1  - Is evidence-based medicine a teachable skill? 2126
A1  - Hatala,R.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Hatala, R, Henderson Gen Hosp, Room 408,McMaster Bldg,711 Concess St, Hamilton, ON L8V 1C3, Canada 9 5 MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA ANN EMERG MED AUG Discipline: Emergency Medicine 221JA
KW  - Book
KW  - Canada
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Impact
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Skill
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 226
EP  - 228
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SN  - 0196-0644
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000081722900018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2153
T1  - Tradition-based dental care and evidence-based dental care 2145
A1  - Niederman,R.
A1  - Badovinac,R.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Niederman, R, Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Off Evidence Based Dent, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA 30 15 AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH ALEXANDRIA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA J DENT RES JUL Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 212GD
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical decision-making
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - CLINICAL JUDGMENT
KW  - Communication
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - Computer
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Dental Care
KW  - Dental Research
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based care
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Experience
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - implementation
KW  - Integration
KW  - Intuition
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - limitations
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Paradigms
KW  - Patient
KW  - Research
KW  - RULE
KW  - RULES
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TOOL
KW  - USA
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1288
EP  - 1291
JF  - Journal of Dental Research
VL  - 78
IS  - 7
N2  - Tradition-based dental care and evidence-based dental care offer complementary paradigms for clinical decision-making. Tradition-based care emphasizes the primacy of knowledge, experience, and intuition in the exercise of good clinical judgment. Evidence-based care emphasizes the integration of good judgment with the best available evidence and the patient's values in the making of clinical decisions (Haynes ef al., 1996; Sackett et al., 1996). Evidence-based care therefore requires a new set of tools and rules. The new tools are the Internet-Linked computer databases. The new rules facilitate an unbiased, rapid identification, critical appraisal, and clinical implementation of important clinical data found in these databases. in this communication, we highlight some of the limitations of tradition-based care, and highlight some of the benefits of evidence-based care
SN  - 0022-0345
AV  - Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Off Evidence Based Dent, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
UR  - ISI:000081208200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2154
T1  - Critical appraisal essential to advancement of nursing knowledge 2242
A1  - Pilkington,F.B.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Pilkington, FB, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada 0 2 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA NURS SCI QUARTERLY JAN Discipline: Nursing 163YL
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical analysis
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - essential
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Knowledge
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - scholarly review
KW  - USA
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 85
EP  - 85
JF  - Nursing Science Quarterly
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SN  - 0894-3184
AV  - Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000078434400023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2155
T1  - Journal clubs should participate in letters to the editor via the net! 1955
A1  - Chang,T.S.
A1  - Minckler,D.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 2 1 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA OPHTHALMOLOGY JUN Discipline: Ophthalmology 319GW
KW  - America
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Science
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1029
EP  - 1030
JF  - Ophthalmology.Vol.113(3), 2006.
J1  - Ophthalmology
VL  - 107
IS  - 6
SN  - 0161-6420
UR  - ISI:000087334000016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2156
T1  - What evidence supports teaching evidence-based medicine? 1823
A1  - Dobbie,A.E.
A1  - Schneider,F.D.
A1  - Anderson,A.D.
A1  - Littlefield,J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Dobbie, AE, Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Med Student Programs, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA 3 9 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD MED DEC Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 384FT
KW  - CARE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Student
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Texas
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1184
EP  - 1185
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 75
IS  - 12
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Med Student Programs, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Family Practice Residency Brazos Valley, College Stn, TX USA.
UR  - ISI:000165932700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2157
T1  - Evidence-based medicine for dermatologic surgeons: Concepts in critical appraisal of information 1713
A1  - Berg,D.
A1  - Asgari,M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Berg, D, Univ Washington, Div Dermatol, Box 356166, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 41 1 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA DERMATOL SURG JUN Discipline: Dermatology; Surgery 441TR
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - definition
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - DYSTROPHIC EPIDERMOLYSIS-BULLOSA
KW  - EBM
KW  - Editorial
KW  - EDITORS
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Information
KW  - Insurance
KW  - INTRALESIONAL INTERFERON
KW  - journal
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PHENYTOIN
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PITFALLS
KW  - Placebo
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - SILICONE BREAST IMPLANTS
KW  - SITUATIONS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TERM
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 511
EP  - 514
JF  - Dermatologic Surgery
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
N2  - BACKGROUND. The term evidence-based medicine (EBM) is increasingly being used. Physicians, journal editors, insurance companies, and patients are applying its tenets to clinical decision making. Although there are concerns about the overly zealous application of EBM to clinical situations, many of the basic concepts are important in improving decision making. OBJECTIVE. To define evidence-based medicine and to review potential problems in basing decision making entirely on less-than-ideal evidence. METHODS. We reviewed the EBM literature and looked for examples in dermatology of pitfalls in decision making based on poor evidence. RESULTS. Following a definition of EBM, we review problems inherent in anecdotes and uncontrolled trials, including the placebo effect, Examples of medical practice that have been altered by doing more rigorous studies are provided. Conclusions. Concepts of EBM as currently defined should be considered by dermatologic surgeons in assessing the available information for clinical decision making
SN  - 1076-0512
AV  - Univ Washington, Div Dermatol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
UR  - ISI:000169246100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2158
T1  - Colposcopy 101: A didactic curriculum to complement the clinical experience 1639
A1  - Delzell,J.E.
A1  - Pereira,S.
A1  - Ruplinger,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Delzell, JE, Univ Tennessee, St Francis Family Practice Residency Program, Dept Family Med, 1301 Primacy Pkwy, Memphis, TN 38119 USA 9 0 SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE LEAWOOD 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA FAM MED OCT Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 480UP
KW  - ADJUNCT
KW  - And
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Tennessee
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 658
EP  - 660
JF  - Family Medicine
VL  - 33
IS  - 9
N2  - The family medicine faculty who perform colposcopy at the University of Missouri-Columbia have developed an innovative didactic curriculum that is used as an adjunct to the clinical experience in teaching family practice residents about colposcopy. The curriculum is taught weekly during a colposcopy conference teat is held in the family practice center and includes core topic lectures, pathology-correlate lectures, and a journal club. The core lecture series has 26 topics that range from basic to advanced colposcopy. Pathology-correlate lectures combine pathologic evaluation with the clinical colposcopic examination. The journal club systematically reviews and evaluates the colposcopy literature
SN  - 0742-3225
AV  - Univ Tennessee, St Francis Family Practice Residency Program, Dept Family Med, Memphis, TN 38119 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Family & Community Med, Columbia, MO USA.
UR  - ISI:000171481400005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2159
T1  - Evidence-based practice: Counterarguments to objections 1427
A1  - Gibbs,L.
A1  - Gambrill,E.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Gibbs, L, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Social Work, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA 67 13 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA RES SOCIAL WORK PRAC MAY Discipline: Social Work 594HU
KW  - And
KW  - argument
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clients
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - form
KW  - helping professions
KW  - Impact
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Into
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - premature
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Standard
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Research
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Social Work
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Students
KW  - understanding
KW  - US
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Wisconsin
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 452
EP  - 476
JF  - Research on Social Work Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
N2  - Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of clients, The authors describe and offer counter-arguments to objections to EBP These objections could result in premature dismissal of this new form of practice and education that offers potential benefits to social work and its clients. Objections to EBP fall into six categories: (a) arguments from ignorance about the nature of EBP (b) misinterpreted professional standards, (c) at arguments appealing to tradition, (d) ad hominem arguments, (e) arguments on ethical grounds, and (f) philosophical arguments. Reviewing objections to EBP may help us to increase our understanding of harrier to use of practice related research findings in the helping professions and honoring related requirements described in our code of ethics
SN  - 1049-7315
AV  - Univ Wisconsin, Dept Social Work, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
UR  - ISI:000178044500007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2160
T1  - Evaluating the teaching of evidence-based medicine 1457
A1  - Hatala,R.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Guyatt, G, McMaster Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, 1200 Main St W,Room 2C12, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada 19 40 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN SEP 4 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 589NA
KW  - Canada
KW  - Chicago
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Impact
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - STATE
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1110
EP  - 1112
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 288
IS  - 9
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - McMaster Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. St Pauls Hosp, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000177764600014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2161
T1  - Residents' perspective 1584
A1  - Kaji,A.
A1  - Newman,D.H.
A1  - Wyer,P.C.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Newman, DH, Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Emergency Med, 230 McKee Pl,Suite 400, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA 44 1 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA ANN EMERG MED JAN Discipline: Emergency Medicine 510XW
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - TEACHING RESIDENTS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 80
JF  - Annals of Emergency Medicine.2004 Aug; 44(2): 169-74.(18 ref)
J1  - Annals of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SN  - 0196-0644
AV  - Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Emergency Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY USA.
UR  - ISI:000173233400014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2162
T1  - Rediscovering the value of the journal club 1346
A1  - Kleinpell,R.M.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Kleinpell, RM, InnoVis Grp, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656 USA 8 1 AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES ALISO VIEJO 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA AM J CRIT CARE SEP Discipline: Critical Care Medicine; Nursing 638CN
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 412
EP  - +
JF  - American Journal of Critical Care.2002 Sep; 11(5): 415-31.(31 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Critical Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SN  - 1062-3264
AV  - Rush Univ, Coll Nursing, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
UR  - ISI:000180552600002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2163
T1  - Critically Appraised Paper update - Commentary 1247
A1  - [Anon]
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 1 0 AUSTRALIAN PHYSIOTHERAPY ASSOC ST KILDA LEVEL 3, 201 FITZROY ST, ST KILDA, 3182, AUSTRALIA AUST J PHYSIOTHER Discipline: Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences 688FW
KW  - Australia
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Science
KW  - Sport
KW  - UPDATE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 147
EP  - 147
JF  - Australian Journal of Physiotherapy
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
SN  - 0004-9514
UR  - ISI:000183424400013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2164
T1  - Prions, mad cow disease, and preventive measures: a critical appraisal 1175
A1  - Bhakdi,S.
A1  - Bohl,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Bhakdi, S, Univ Mainz, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, Hochhaus Augustuspl, D-55101 Mainz, Germany 26 0 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA MED MICROBIOL IMMUNOL AUG Discipline: Immunology; Microbiology 712VC
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CELLULAR PRP
KW  - CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - GREAT-BRITAIN
KW  - KURU
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - MUTATION
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - PROTEIN GENE
KW  - RESISTANT
KW  - SCRAPIE PRION
KW  - TRANSMISSION
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
JF  - Medical Microbiology and Immunology
VL  - 192
IS  - 3
SN  - 0300-8584
AV  - Univ Mainz, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, D-55101 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Dept Neuropathol, Inst Pathol, D-6500 Mainz, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000184818200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2165
T1  - An objectivist's view on the ethics of evidence-based medicine: commentary on 'A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations' (Gupta 2003; Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121) 1255
A1  - Couto,J.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 15 4 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 685UC
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - VIEW
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 137
EP  - 139
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SN  - 1356-1294
UR  - ISI:000183280800006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2166
T1  - Comments on Henry Friedman's (2002) review of Arnold Goldberg's Being of Two Minds - Reply 1316
A1  - Friedman,H.J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Friedman, HJ, 6 Garden Terrace, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA 2 0 EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION WASHINGTON 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA PSYCHOANAL PSYCHOL WIN Discipline: Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Psychoanalysis 654BU
KW  - And
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - ideas
KW  - mind
KW  - On
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - psychoanalysis
KW  - psychology
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - TEXT
KW  - USA
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VOLUME
KW  - Washington
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 155
EP  - 157
JF  - Psychoanalytic Psychology
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - Barbara Fajardo's (2003) negative response to the author's review of Arnold Goldberg's book Being of Two Minds (Friedman, 2002) includes the accusation that he has misread the book. Her proof for this apparently is based on her view of Goldberg's ideas derived from a participation in the group that produced this volume. In his response, the author maintains that his independent and critical reading cannot be dismissed as a misreading; rather, it is a reading that reveals fundamental differences in his approach to clinical work with the types of patients described in this text
SN  - 0736-9735
AV  - Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
UR  - ISI:000181474000011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2167
T1  - Doing an intercalated BSc can make you a better doctor 1163
A1  - Greenhalgh,T.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Greenhalgh, T, Univ Coll London, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, Open Learning Unit,Archway Resource Ctr, Highgate Hill, London N19 3UA, England 11 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND MED EDUC SEP Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 717WH
KW  - CARE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - London
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SKILLS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 760
EP  - 761
JF  - Medical Education
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
SN  - 0308-0110
AV  - Univ Coll London, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, Open Learning Unit,Archway Resource Ctr, London N19 3UA, England.
UR  - ISI:000185113400004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2168
T1  - Clinical practice guidelines: towards better quality guidelines and increased international collaboration 1160
A1  - Grol,R.
A1  - Cluzeau,F.A.
A1  - Burgers,J.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Grol, R, Univ Med Ctr Nijmegen, Ctr Qual Care Res, WOK, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands 51 6 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND BRIT J CANCER AUG Suppl. 1 Discipline: Oncology 720KG
KW  - And
KW  - ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - international
KW  - international network
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - London
KW  - Management
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Oncology
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S4
EP  - S8
JF  - British Journal of Cancer
VL  - 89
SN  - 0007-0920
AV  - Univ Med Ctr Nijmegen, Ctr Qual Care Res, WOK, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England.
UR  - ISI:000185259500002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2169
T1  - The paradox of evidence-based medicine. Commentary on Gupta (2003), A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 9, 111-121 1253
A1  - Norman,G.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Norman, G, McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada 14 6 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 685UC
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - PARADOXES
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 129
EP  - 132
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000183280800004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2170
T1  - Journal club 101 for the new practitioner: Evaluation of a clinical trial 888
A1  - Askew,J.P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Askew, JP, New Hanover Reg Med Ctr & Coastal AHEC, Dept Pharm, 2131 S 17th St, Wilmington, NC 28402 USA jennifer.askew@nhhn.org 5 3 AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS BETHESDA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA AMER J HEALTH-SYST PHARM SEP 15 Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 856IH
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - INFORMATION MASTER
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Pharmacist
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - Wisconsin
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1885
EP  - 1887
JF  - American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
VL  - 61
IS  - 18
SN  - 1079-2082
AV  - New Hanover Reg Med Ctr & Coastal AHEC, Dept Pharm, Wilmington, NC 28402 USA.
UR  - ISI:000224038400009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2171
T1  - Introduction to CATCH-IT reports: Critically appraised topics in communication, health informatics, and technology 784
A1  - Eysenbach,G.
A1  - Norman,C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Eysenbach, G, Univ Toronto, Ctr Global eHlth Innovat, 190 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada geysenba@uhnres.utoronto.ca 7 0 JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH TORONTO TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL, R FRASER ELLIOTT BLDG, 4TH FL, R 4S435, 190 ELIZABETH ST, TORONTO, ON M5G 2C4, CANADA J MED INTERNET RES OCT-DEC Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics 891BA
KW  - ABSENCE
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - business
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Communication
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics in Communication
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Editorial
KW  - eHealth
KW  - Engineering
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - form
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health informatics
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Home
KW  - Hope
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Information Storage and Retrieval
KW  - innovation
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - Internet
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - methodological issues
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - research methods
KW  - researchers
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - social science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technology
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3
EP  - 7
JF  - Journal of Medical Internet Research.Vol.6(4), 2004.
J1  - Journal of Medical Internet Research
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
N2  - EHealth has developed largely from an interdisciplinary framework and, as such, does not have a "home" discipline. The absence of this home discipline has allowed eHealth research to be published widely in journals ranging from the medical sciences, to engineering, to social science or to business and policy studies. The result of this fragmented, decentralized literature base is that researchers are not always aware of important papers published in other areas and journals. With this issue the Journal of Medical Internet Research is inaugurating a new article category which we call "CATCH-IT Reports" (Critically Appraised Topics in Communication, Health Informatics, and Technology). We hope these reports will draw attention to important work published in other (sometimes obscure) journals, provide a platform for discussion around results and methodological issues in eHealth research, and help to develop a framework for evidence-based eHealth. CATCH-IT Reports arise from "journal club" - like sessions founded in February 2003 at the Centre for Global eHealth Innovation. We invite other research institutions to create similar journal clubs and to write up and submit to this journal critiques in the form of CATCH-IT Reports
SN  - 1438-8871
AV  - Univ Hlth Network, Ctr Global eHlth Innovat, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000226555100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2172
T1  - Total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: The truth lies underneath 1064
A1  - Fernandez-Represa,J.A.
A1  - Mayol,J.M.
A1  - Garcia-Aguilar,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Fernandez-Represa, JA, Hosp Clin San Carlos, Serv Cirugia 1, Surg Oncol Unit, Martin Lagos S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain alvarezrepresa@hotmail.com 28 2 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA WORLD J SURGERY FEB Discipline: Surgery 775RM
KW  - adenocarcinoma
KW  - alternatives
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - challenge
KW  - chemoradiation
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISSECTION
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - EXCISION
KW  - FAT
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - Life
KW  - LOCAL RECURRENCE
KW  - LOW ANTERIOR RESECTION
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - neoadjuvant
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PELVIC RECURRENCE
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - RATES
KW  - Rectum
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - RESECTION
KW  - resection margin
KW  - RESECTION MARGINS
KW  - Spain
KW  - SPREAD
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Technique
KW  - Survival
KW  - Technique
KW  - TIMELY TRUTH
KW  - TOTAL MESORECTAL EXCISION
KW  - Treatment
KW  - truth
KW  - tumor
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 113
EP  - 116
JF  - World Journal of Surgery
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
N2  - The surgical technique itself has emerged as a crucial factor for local recurrence since the popularization of total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer. This procedure is associated with lower local recurrence rates after "curative" surgery compared to traditional dissection of the rectum. The aim is to remove an intact mesorectal envelope from the promontorium down to the pelvic floor by sharp dissection with tumor-free margins and without causing injury to the pelvic nerves. However, the description of total mesorectal excision has been confusing. Moreover, the implication that total excision of all the perirectal fat contained within the perirectal fascia en bloc in all patients with rectal cancer can minimize local recurrence remains contentious. Therefore a critical appraisal of the procedure is required. Nonrandomized clinical studies have shown that total mesorectal excision reduces the local recurrence rate and increases disease-free survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the middle and distal third of the rectum. Circumferential resection margins of 2 mm or more are associated with a lower local recurrence rate. Additional benefits in local control can be obtained with neoadjuvant treatment. Thus the modern treatment of rectal cancer combining total mesorectal excision with neoadjuvant chemoradiation results in excellent local tumor control. However, it is achieved at the cost of significant functional sequelae and impaired quality of life. The development of therapeutic alternatives that can achieve similar rates of local and distant tumor control without the mortality, morbidity, and functional consequences of radical surgery is a major challenge for colorectal surgeons
SN  - 0364-2313
AV  - Hosp Clin San Carlos, Serv Cirugia 1, Surg Oncol Unit, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
UR  - ISI:000189072600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2173
T1  - Journal club 993
A1  - Meals,R.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Meals, RA, Amer Soc Surg Hand, Rosemont, IL 60018 USA 2 0 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA J HAND SURG-AM MAY Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 822QO
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - HAND
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 357
EP  - 358
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume
VL  - 29A
IS  - 3
SN  - 0363-5023
AV  - Amer Soc Surg Hand, Rosemont, IL 60018 USA.
UR  - ISI:000221555100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2174
T1  - Developments in the evidence-based health care debate - 2004 975
A1  - Miles,A.
A1  - Grey,J.E.
A1  - Polychronis,A.
A1  - Price,N.
A1  - Melchiorri,C.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Miles, A, Univ London, Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Inst Community Hlth Sci, POB LB48,Mt Pleasant Mail Ctr,Farringdon Rd, London EC1A 1LB, England pat@keyadvances3.demon.co.uk 57 9 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT MAY Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 826ZD
KW  - Art
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical audit
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE 9
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based health care
KW  - evidence-based healthcare
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based nursing
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health outcome
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - knowledge-based medicine
KW  - London
KW  - Mail
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 129
EP  - 142
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Univ London, Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Inst Community Hlth Sci, London EC1A 1LB, England. Univ Wales Hosp, Cardiff CF4 4XW, S Glam, Wales. Hammersmith Hosp, Imperial Coll, London, England. UK Key Advances Clin Practice Project, London, England.
UR  - ISI:000221867100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2175
T1  - What's the E for EBM? Theme issue will question the evidence for evidence based medicine 1058
A1  - Straus,S.E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Straus, SE, Toronto Gen Hosp, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada sstraus@mtsinai.on.ca 9 8 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J MAR 6 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 801JI
KW  - based medicine
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 535
EP  - 536
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 328
IS  - 7439
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000220091800004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2176
T1  - Becoming a physician - Journal clubs - Science as conversation 966
A1  - Wright,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Wright, J, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA 4 2 MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM WALTHAM WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA N ENGL J MED JUL 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 833QC
KW  - China
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - Conversation
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - HIDDEN EPIDEMIC
KW  - Infection
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Science
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 10
EP  - 12
JF  - New England Journal of Medicine.Vol.345(13)()(pp 935-940), 2001.Date of Publication: 27 SEP 2001.
J1  - New England Journal of Medicine
VL  - 351
IS  - 1
SN  - 0028-4793
AV  - Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
UR  - ISI:000222352200004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2177
T1  - Tips for learning and teaching evidence-based medicine: introduction to the series 905
A1  - Wyer,P.C.
A1  - Keitz,S.
A1  - Hatala,R.
A1  - Hayward,R.
A1  - Barratt,A.
A1  - Montori,V.
A1  - Wooltorton,E.
A1  - Guyatt,G.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Wyer, PC, 446 Pelhamdale Ave, Pelham, NY 10803 USA pwyer@worldnet.att.net 15 10 CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OTTAWA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA CAN MED ASSN J AUG 17 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 848IV
KW  - And
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Canada
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 347
EP  - 348
JF  - Canadian Medical Association Journal
VL  - 171
IS  - 4
SN  - 0820-3946
AV  - Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Alberta, Ctr Hlth Evidence, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Med, Rochester, MN USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000223461800035
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2178
T1  - Journal club article discussion points 634
A1  - [Anon]
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 0 0 AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES ALISO VIEJO 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA AM J CRIT CARE JUL Discipline: Critical Care Medicine; Nursing 942FV
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 311
EP  - 311
JF  - American Journal of Critical Care.2002 Sep; 11(5): 415-31.(31 ref)
J1  - American Journal of Critical Care
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
SN  - 1062-3264
UR  - ISI:000230269200007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2179
T1  - Drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment in severe sepsis: A 'journal club" review of the global ENHANCE trial 417
A1  - Farmer,J.C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Farmer, JC, Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA 9 3 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED OCT Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 019YV
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - drotrecogin alfa (activated)
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - ENHANCE trial
KW  - journal
KW  - Medicine
KW  - PROTEIN-C
KW  - Review
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - SEVERE SEPSIS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2428
EP  - 2431
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000235875600047
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2180
T1  - Criteria for evaluation of theory 723
A1  - Fawcett,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Fawcett, J, 3506 Atlantic Highway,POB 1156, Waldoboro, ME 04572 USA jacqueline.fawcett@umb.edu 23 1 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA NURS SCI QUARTERLY APR Discipline: Nursing 910HM
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CONSISTENCY
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - criteria for evaluation
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evaluation criteria
KW  - Evolution
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - frameworks
KW  - grand theory
KW  - Internal Consistency
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - middle-range theory
KW  - Nursing
KW  - nursing theories
KW  - Nursing Theory
KW  - Parse
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - qualitative
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STATEMENTS
KW  - structure
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 131
EP  - 135
JF  - Nursing Science Quarterly
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - This column presents criteria for evaluation of nursing theories specified by Jacqueline Fawcett and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse. Fawcett's criteria are significance, internal consistency, parsimony, testability, empirical adequacy, and pragmatic adequacy. Some of those criteria are differentiated for grand theories and middle-range theories but are not differentiated by type of data - qualitative or quantitative - used to develop the theory. Parse's criteria are structure and process. Structure encompasses historical evolution, foundational elements, and relational statements. Process encompasses correspondence, coherence, and pragmatics. Parse's criteria are appropriate for the critical appraisal of all frameworks and theories, regardless of level of abstraction. Parse also presents a comparison of her own and Fawcett's criteria
SN  - 0894-3184
AV  - Univ Massachusetts, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
UR  - ISI:000227921700013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2181
T1  - Teaching EBP: A challenge for educators in the 21st century 241
A1  - Fineout-Overholt,E.
A1  - Johnston,L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Fineout-Overholt, E, Arizona State Univ, Ctr Adv Evidence Based Practice, POB 872602, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA ellen.fineout-overholt@asu.edu 15 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND WORLDVIEWS EVID-BASED NURS Discipline: Nursing 071LT
KW  - challenge
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Practice
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STATE
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 37
EP  - 39
JF  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing.2004 1st Quarter; 1(1): 60-8.(75 ref)
J1  - Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SN  - 1545-102X
AV  - Arizona State Univ, Ctr Adv Evidence Based Practice, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Nursing, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000239604400007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2182
T1  - A critical appraisal and defence of the Oxfordshire low back pain trial 503
A1  - Frost,H.
A1  - Lamb,S.E.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Lamb, SE, Univ Warwick, Warwick, England s.lamb@warwick.ac.uk 4 1 ELSEVIER SCI LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND PHYSIOTHERAPY MAR Discipline: Rehabilitation 986PE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BACK
KW  - back pain
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - LOW-BACK-PAIN
KW  - Pain
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - TRIAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
JF  - Physiotherapy.2001 Apr; 87(4): 179-90.(24 ref)
J1  - Physiotherapy
VL  - 91
IS  - 1
SN  - 0031-9406
AV  - Univ Warwick, Warwick, England.
UR  - ISI:000233461400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2183
T1  - Journal club 666
A1  - Piro,L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 1 0 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND NATURE JUN 9 Discipline: Multidisciplinary Sciences 933NK
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - London
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 717
EP  - 717
JF  - Nature.Vol.430(7004)()(pp 71-76), 2004.Date of Publication: 02 SEP 2004.
J1  - Nature
VL  - 435
IS  - 7043
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - ISI:000229638700004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2184
T1  - Closing the quality chasm in health care - The role of critical reading 720
A1  - Rivara,F.P.
A1  - Stapleton,F.B.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Rivara, FP, Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, 6200 NE 74th St,Suite 210, Seattle, WA 98115 USA fpr@u.washington.edu 6 1 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH PEDIATR ADOLESC MED APR Discipline: Pediatrics 912WU
KW  - ARCH
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Child
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - Role
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 394
EP  - 395
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.2005 Aug; 159(8): 787-8.(9 ref)
J1  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
VL  - 159
IS  - 4
SN  - 1072-4710
AV  - Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
UR  - ISI:000228111400020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2185
T1  - The journal club journal 440
A1  - Cooney,W.P.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 0 0 AMER ACAD ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS ROSEMENT 6300 N RIVER ROAD, ROSEMENT, IL 60018-4262 USA J AM ACAD ORTHOP SURG FEB Discipline: Orthopedics 010VV
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - RIVER
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 63
EP  - 63
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SN  - 1067-151X
UR  - ISI:000235226900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2186
T1  - The evidence-based health care debate - 2006. Where are we now? 337
A1  - Miles,A.
A1  - Polychronis,A.
A1  - Grey,J.E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Miles, A, Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Inst Hlth Sci Educ, Hlth Sci Ctr, POB LB48,Mt Pleasant Royal Mail Ctr,Farringdon Rd, London EC1A 1LB, England andrew.miles@keyadvances.org.uk 48 8 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J EVAL CLIN PRACT JUN Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics; Medicine, General & Internal 044SY
KW  - cardiovascular medicine
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE 9
KW  - controversies
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Ethics
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based health care
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - London
KW  - Mail
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Public Health
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 239
EP  - 247
JF  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.Vol.11(6)()(pp 547-555), 2005.
J1  - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SN  - 1356-1294
AV  - Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Inst Hlth Sci Educ, Hlth Sci Ctr, London EC1A 1LB, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Hammersmith Hosp, Journal Evaluat Clin Practice, London, England.
UR  - ISI:000237693900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2187
T1  - Critically appraise before you believe: The quality of meta-analyses in critical care medicine 71
A1  - Needham,D.M.
A1  - Desai,S.V.
A1  - Robinson,K.A.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Editorial Material Needham, DM, Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA 16 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED FEB Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 129OP
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - CARE
KW  - COCHRANE REVIEWS
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - Critical Illness
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - Intensive Care Units
KW  - Medicine
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 666
EP  - 667
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
UR  - ISI:000243739100065
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2188
T1  - Annals journal club: It's time to get radical 320
A1  - Stange,K.C.
A1  - Miller,W.L.
A1  - McLellan,L.A.
A1  - Gotler,R.S.
A1  - Phillips,W.R.
A1  - Acheson,L.S.
A1  - Crabtree,B.F.
A1  - Zyzanski,S.J.
A1  - Nutting,P.S.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 10 2 ANNALS FAMILY MEDICINE LEAWOOD 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, LEAWOOD, KS 66211-2672, UNITED STATES ANN FAM MED MAY-JUN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 053VT
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 196
EP  - 197
JF  - Annals of Family Medicine.Vol.3(5)()(pp 457-461), 2005.
J1  - Annals of Family Medicine
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
SN  - 1544-1709
UR  - ISI:000238334700002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2189
T1  - The ChemBio WIKISpot, an online journal club 32
A1  - Jabri,E.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Editorial Material 0 0 AMER CHEMICAL SOC WASHINGTON 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA ACS CHEM BIOL FEB Discipline: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 138FD
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 78
JF  - Acs Chemical Biology
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SN  - 1554-8929
UR  - ISI:000244347600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2190
T1  - Flaws in critical appraisal - Response 2433
A1  - Evans,M.F.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Letter 0 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS MAR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal ZC360
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 487
EP  - 487
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 44
SN  - 0008-350X
UR  - ISI:000072570100005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2191
T1  - Minithyroidectomy: A critical appraisal - Reply 1588
A1  - Ferzli,G.S.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Letter 0 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA J AMER COLL SURGEONS JAN Discipline: Surgery 508LE
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Letter
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Science
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 100
EP  - 100
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
VL  - 194
IS  - 1
SN  - 1072-7515
UR  - ISI:000173089400019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2192
T1  - Journal club official selection 1203
A1  - Zemel,N.P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Letter 0 0 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA J HAND SURG-AM JUL Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 704TT
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - HAND
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 706
EP  - 706
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume
VL  - 28A
IS  - 4
SN  - 0363-5023
UR  - ISI:000184356800029
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2193
T1  - Critical reading (Response to a recent letter from Colin McArthur) 1145
A1  - Kemp,P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Letter 1 0 BRITISH FILM INST LONDON 21 STEPHEN STREET, LONDON W1P 1PL, ENGLAND SIGHT SOUND MAY Discipline: Film, Radio, Television 670GN
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - film
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Radio
KW  - Reading
KW  - Television
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72
EP  - 72
JF  - Sight and Sound
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
SN  - 0037-4806
UR  - ISI:000182399300094
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2194
T1  - Concerns about the critical appraisal of the role of H pylori in dyspepsia - Response 1884
A1  - Evans,M.
A1  - Hammett,C.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Letter 1 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS SEP Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 357RW
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DYSPEPSIA
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Role
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1734
EP  - 1734
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 46
SN  - 0008-350X
UR  - ISI:000089515500004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2195
T1  - Journal clubs - Reply 2176
A1  - [Anon]
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Letter 3 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND J ACCID EMERG MEDICINE MAY Discipline: Emergency Medicine 195AU
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
EP  - 239
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2.(22 ref)
J1  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SN  - 1351-0622
UR  - ISI:000080227600031
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2196
T1  - A more appropriate critical appraisal of the available evidence? The authors reply 858
A1  - Dellinger,R.P.
A1  - Gerlach,H.
A1  - Carlet,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Letter 4 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED OCT Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 865HH
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - ILL
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - REQUIRING MECHANICAL VENTILATION
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2167
EP  - 2167
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 32
IS  - 10
SN  - 0090-3493
UR  - ISI:000224692800039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2197
T1  - Journal clubs 662
A1  - Beckett,H.
A1  - Ramsey,R.
A1  - Thompson,B.
A1  - Brennan,P.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Letter 4 1 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND BRIT DENT J MAY 28 Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 935RS
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 629
EP  - 629
JF  - British Dental Journal
VL  - 198
IS  - 10
SN  - 0007-0610
UR  - ISI:000229801700011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2198
T1  - Continue reading 1680
A1  - Anderson,B.E.
A1  - Marks,J.G.
A1  - Miller,J.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Letter Anderson, BE, Div Dermatol, HU 14, UPC 2, Suite 4300,500 Univ Dr,POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA 5 3 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH DERMATOL AUG Discipline: Dermatology 461MD
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - Reading
KW  - STATE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1105
EP  - 1106
JF  - Archives of Dermatology
VL  - 137
IS  - 8
SN  - 0003-987X
AV  - Div Dermatol, HU 14, UPC 2, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
UR  - ISI:000170367300032
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2199
T1  - Critical appraisal of individual trials? 354
A1  - Berger,V.W.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Berger, VW, Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Execut Plaza N,Suite 3131,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA 7 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND AMER J GASTROENTEROL MAY Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 041NQ
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Baltimore
KW  - Biometry
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - Letter
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1156
EP  - 1157
JF  - American Journal of Gastroenterology.Vol.100(11)()(pp 2431-2435), 2005.
J1  - American Journal of Gastroenterology
VL  - 101
IS  - 5
SN  - 0002-9270
AV  - Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
UR  - ISI:000237463300038
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2200
T1  - Access to emergency care in Palestinian West Bank - Study seems not to have been critically appraised 345
A1  - Brown,E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Brown, E, Elliot Brown Consulting, Barnet EN5 2EZ, England brown_elliotg@yahoo.co.uk 1 0 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J MAY 27 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 048ZC
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Care
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1275
EP  - 1276
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 332
IS  - 7552
SN  - 0959-8146
AV  - Elliot Brown Consulting, Barnet EN5 2EZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000237984100041
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2201
T1  - Journal club 1719
A1  - Phillips,B.
A1  - Buttery,J.
A1  - Collins,C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Letter Buttery, J, Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Paediat, Oxford OX3 9DU, England 4 3 TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS OSLO CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY ACTA PAEDIAT MAY Discipline: Pediatrics 438UA
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - Norway
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 592
EP  - 592
JF  - Acta Paediatrica
VL  - 90
IS  - 5
SN  - 0803-5253
AV  - Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Paediat, Oxford OX3 9DU, England.
UR  - ISI:000169071600023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2202
T1  - A critical appraisal of the guidelines for the management of pediatric and neonatal patients with septic shock 683
A1  - Carlotti,A.P.C.P.
A1  - Troster,E.J.
A1  - Fernandes,J.C.
A1  - Carvalho,W.B.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Letter Carlotti, APCP, Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 5 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED MAY Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 925PO
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Brazil
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Letter
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pediatric
KW  - septic
KW  - SEPTIC SHOCK
KW  - shock
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1182
EP  - 1182
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
UR  - ISI:000229065200063
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2203
T1  - Re: Journal Club and teaching evidence-based medicine 182
A1  - Carpenter,C.R.
A1  - Katz,E.
A1  - Char,D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Carpenter, CR, Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA 6 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA J EMERG MED OCT Discipline: Emergency Medicine 090BG
KW  - And
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Science
KW  - Teaching
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 306
EP  - 307
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine.Vol.31(3)()(pp 307-308), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Emergency Medicine
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SN  - 0736-4679
AV  - Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
UR  - ISI:000240925000019
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2204
T1  - Journal club devoted to educational issues 2168
A1  - Centeno,A.M.
A1  - Blanco,A.
A1  - Arce,M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Letter Centeno, AM, Univ Austral, Fac Ciencias Biomed, Sch Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina 2 1 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA ACAD MED MAY Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 198UM
KW  - Argentina
KW  - CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 464
EP  - 464
JF  - Academic Medicine.Vol.81(10 SUPPL.)()(pp 38-46), 2006.
J1  - Academic Medicine
VL  - 74
IS  - 5
SN  - 1040-2446
AV  - Univ Austral, Fac Ciencias Biomed, Sch Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Austral, Fac Ciencias Biomed, Sch Nursing, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
UR  - ISI:000080442700006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2205
T1  - The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Response to Kahn et al 469
A1  - Cheta,D.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Cheta, DM, Carol Davila Med & Pharm Univ, Dept Nutr & Metab Dis, 28 Alexandru Donici, Bucharest 020479, Romania dancheta@fpas.ro 5 1 AMER DIABETES ASSOC ALEXANDRIA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA DIABETES CARE JAN Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 998VZ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - JOINT
KW  - Letter
KW  - METABOLIC SYNDROME
KW  - metabolism
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 177
JF  - Diabetes Care.Vol.29(1)()(pp 177-178), 2006.
J1  - Diabetes Care
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SN  - 0149-5992
AV  - Carol Davila Med & Pharm Univ, Dept Nutr & Metab Dis, Bucharest 020479, Romania.
UR  - ISI:000234349300044
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2206
T1  - Concerns about the critical appraisal of the role of H pylori in dyspepsia 1883
A1  - Chiba,N.
A1  - van Zanten,S.J.O.V.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Letter Chiba, N, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada 7 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS SEP Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 357RW
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DYSPEPSIA
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - HELICOBACTER-PYLORI
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NONULCER DYSPEPSIA
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Role
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1732
EP  - 1733
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 46
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000089515500003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2207
T1  - The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal: Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European, Association for the Study of Diabetes - Response to Kahn et al 468
A1  - Citrome,L.
A1  - Holt,R.I.G.
A1  - Dinan,T.G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Citrome, L, Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Clin Res & Evaluat Facil, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA citrome@nki.rfmh.org 3 1 AMER DIABETES ASSOC ALEXANDRIA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA DIABETES CARE JAN Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 998VZ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - JOINT
KW  - Letter
KW  - METABOLIC SYNDROME
KW  - metabolism
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 176
EP  - 176
JF  - Diabetes Care.Vol.29(1)()(pp 177-178), 2006.
J1  - Diabetes Care
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SN  - 0149-5992
AV  - Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Clin Res & Evaluat Facil, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Univ Southampton, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Psychiat, Cork, Ireland.
UR  - ISI:000234349300043
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2208
T1  - RE: Being CLEAR: evaluation of a module to teach critical appraisal to surgeons 845
A1  - Ek,E.T.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Letter Ek, ET, St Vincents Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia 1 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA CARLTON 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA ANZ J SURG NOV Discipline: Surgery 869ZN
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Asia
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Letter
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1020
EP  - 1020
JF  - ANZ Journal of Surgery.Vol.76(9)()(pp 805-811), 2006.
J1  - ANZ Journal of Surgery
VL  - 74
IS  - 11
SN  - 1445-1433
AV  - St Vincents Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000225023900027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2209
T1  - Critical appraisal of the Minimal Clinical Recommendations (MCR) of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO): challenges for a European framework for the development of clinical practice guidelines 1436
A1  - Fervers,B.
A1  - Philip,T.
A1  - Browman,G.P.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Letter Fervers, B, Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France 22 1 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND ANN ONCOL SEP Discipline: Oncology 594UM
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BREAST
KW  - Cancer
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EUROPEAN-SOCIETY
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - France
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medical Oncology
KW  - Oncology
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1507
EP  - 1509
JF  - Annals of Oncology.Vol.13(9)()(pp 1507-1509), 2002.
J1  - Annals of Oncology
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
SN  - 0923-7534
AV  - Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. FNCLCC, Stand Opt & Recommandat, F-75654 Paris 13, France.
UR  - ISI:000178069500030
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2210
T1  - Is melatonin useful in alopecia: critical appraisal of a randomized trial? Reply 575
A1  - Fischer,T.W.
A1  - Elsner,P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Letter Fischer, TW, Univ Jena, Dept Dermatol & Allergol, Erfurter Str 35, D-07740 Jena, Germany tobias.fischer@derma.uni-jena.de 5 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND BRIT J DERMATOL OCT Discipline: Dermatology 965LA
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - HAIR
KW  - Letter
KW  - Publishing
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - TRIAL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 860
EP  - 861
JF  - British Journal of Dermatology
VL  - 153
IS  - 4
SN  - 0007-0963
AV  - Univ Jena, Dept Dermatol & Allergol, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000231950800039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2211
T1  - The journal club 2499
A1  - Gbolade,B.A.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Letter Gbolade, BA, UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,MANCHESTER M20 3LJ,LANCS,ENGLAND 4 4 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR POSTGRAD MED J OCT Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YB624
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 687
EP  - 687
JF  - Postgraduate Medical Journal.Vol.83(976)()(pp 105-108), 2007.
J1  - Postgraduate Medical Journal
VL  - 73
IS  - 864
SN  - 0032-5473
UR  - ISI:A1997YB62400035
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2212
T1  - Response to letter: "Critical appraisal of individual trials?" 355
A1  - Gludd,L.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Gludd, L, Copenhagen Trial Unit Rigshop, Copenhagen, Denmark 5 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND AMER J GASTROENTEROL MAY Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 041NQ
KW  - appraisal
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Denmark
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - Letter
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - UNIT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1157
EP  - 1157
JF  - American Journal of Gastroenterology.Vol.100(11)()(pp 2431-2435), 2005.
J1  - American Journal of Gastroenterology
VL  - 101
IS  - 5
SN  - 0002-9270
AV  - Copenhagen Trial Unit Rigshop, Copenhagen, Denmark.
UR  - ISI:000237463300039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2213
T1  - Referees make journal clubs fun 1365
A1  - Gonzalez,L.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Letter Gonzalez, LS, Mem Med Ctr, Dept Med, 1086 Franklin St, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA 3 2 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J JAN 11 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 635YC
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - READ
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 106
EP  - 106
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 326
IS  - 7380
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Mem Med Ctr, Dept Med, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000180426900036
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2214
T1  - Where next for China? Keep to the basic principles of critical appraisal 203
A1  - Heneghan,C.J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Heneghan, CJ, Univ Oxford, Dept Primary Hlth Care, Ctr Evidence Based Med, Oxford OX3 7LF, England carl.heneghan@dphpc.ox.ac.uk 4 0 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J SEP 2 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 085QP
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CARE
KW  - China
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - principles
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Randomization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 499
EP  - 499
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 333
IS  - 7566
SN  - 0959-8146
AV  - Univ Oxford, Dept Primary Hlth Care, Ctr Evidence Based Med, Oxford OX3 7LF, England.
UR  - ISI:000240618900028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2215
T1  - Critical reading and critique of medical articles 747
A1  - Hutchinson,T.P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Letter Hutchinson, TP, Univ Adelaide, Ctr Automot Safety Res, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 6 0 SAUDI MED J RIYADH ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL, PO BOX 7897,, RIYADH 11159, SAUDI ARABIA SAUDI MED J JAN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 905RR
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Australia
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FORCE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Reading
KW  - Safety
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - SAUDI-ARABIA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 160
EP  - 161
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SN  - 0379-5284
AV  - Univ Adelaide, Ctr Automot Safety Res, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000227587800040
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2216
T1  - A critical appraisal of the continuous glucose-error grid analysis 47
A1  - Clarke,W.L.
A1  - Gonder-Frederick,L.
A1  - Cox,D.
A1  - Kovatchev,B.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Letter Kovatchev, B, Univ Virginia, Dept Psychiat & Neurobehav Sci, Box 800137, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA boris@virginia.edu 3 1 AMER DIABETES ASSOC ALEXANDRIA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA DIABETES CARE FEB Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 133PF
KW  - Analysis
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - English
KW  - Letter
KW  - metabolism
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 449
EP  - 450
JF  - Diabetes Care.Vol.29(1)()(pp 177-178), 2006.
J1  - Diabetes Care
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SN  - 0149-5992
AV  - Univ Virginia, Dept Psychiat & Neurobehav Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Pediat, Charlottesville, VA USA.
UR  - ISI:000244024100056
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2217
T1  - Journal clubs 2175
A1  - Lloyd,G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Letter Lloyd, G, Bristol Royal Infirm, Dept Accid & Emergency, Bristol BS2 8HW, Avon, England 3 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND J ACCID EMERG MEDICINE MAY Discipline: Emergency Medicine 195AU
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 238
EP  - 238
JF  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine.1998 Jul; 15(4): 220-2.(22 ref)
J1  - Journal of Accident & Emergency Medicine
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SN  - 1351-0622
AV  - Bristol Royal Infirm, Dept Accid & Emergency, Bristol BS2 8HW, Avon, England.
UR  - ISI:000080227600030
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2218
T1  - Use of the READER method of critical appraisal in general practice - Study did not properly answer the questions it posed - Reply 2328
A1  - MacAuley,D.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Letter MacAuley, D, Hillhead Family Practice, 33 Stewarts Rd, Belfast BT11 9SZ, Antrim, North Ireland 0 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J SEP 19 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 122RA
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE
KW  - General Practice
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Ireland
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - NORTH
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READER
KW  - READER METHOD
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 819
EP  - 819
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 317
IS  - 7161
SN  - 0959-8138
AV  - Hillhead Family Practice, Belfast BT11 9SZ, Antrim, North Ireland.
UR  - ISI:000076084200073
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2219
T1  - Southern california society for surgery of the hand journal club award 934
A1  - Macer,G.A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Letter Macer, GA, So Calif Soc Surg Hand, 3550 Linden Ave, Long Beach, CA 90807 USA 0 0 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA J HAND SURG-AM JUL Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 839VD
KW  - California
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - HAND
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - LONG
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 748
EP  - 748
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume
VL  - 29A
IS  - 4
SN  - 0363-5023
AV  - So Calif Soc Surg Hand, Long Beach, CA 90807 USA.
UR  - ISI:000222812100030
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2220
T1  - Southern California Journal Club Review Award 608
A1  - Macer,G.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Letter macer4337@aol.com 0 0 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA J HAND SURG-AM JUL Discipline: Orthopedics; Surgery 949RB
KW  - California
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - HAND
KW  - Independence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - Review
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 865
EP  - 865
JF  - Journal of Hand Surgery-American Volume
VL  - 30A
IS  - 4
SN  - 0363-5023
UR  - ISI:000230804700034
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2221
T1  - Journal clubs in clinical medicine 1535
A1  - Jones,S.R.
A1  - Harrison,M.M.
A1  - Crawford,I.W.F.
A1  - Ali,B.
A1  - Beattie,E.
A1  - Carley,S.
A1  - Davies,M.
A1  - Ghosh,A.
A1  - Martin,B.
A1  - Paul,H.
A1  - Boyd,R.
A1  - kway-Jones,K.
A1  - Morton,R.J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Letter Mackway-Jones, K, Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Emergency Med, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England 3 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND EMERG MED J MAR Discipline: Emergency Medicine 539WH
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Medicine
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 184
EP  - 185
JF  - Emergency Medicine Journal.Vol.22(3)()(pp 192), 2005.
J1  - Emergency Medicine Journal
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SN  - 1472-0205
AV  - Manchester Royal Infirm, Dept Emergency Med, Manchester M13 9WL, Lancs, England.
UR  - ISI:000174894300038
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2222
T1  - Flaws in critical appraisal 2432
A1  - Raymond,E.
A1  - Adcock,L.
A1  - Boland,M.F.
A1  - MacDonald,I.
A1  - Ogilvie,G.
A1  - Stephenson,M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Letter Raymond, E, McMaster Univ, Evidence Based Med Grp, PGY1 Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada 3 0 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS MAR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal ZC360
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Canada
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - Letter
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 485
EP  - 485
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 44
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - McMaster Univ, Evidence Based Med Grp, PGY1 Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000072570100004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2223
T1  - Critical appraisal of qualitative research in clinical journals challenged 705
A1  - Sale,J.E.M.
A1  - Hawker,G.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Letter Sale, JEM, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada 15 1 WILEY-LISS HOBOKEN DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA ARTHRITIS RHEUM-ARTHR CARE RE APR 15 Discipline: Rheumatology 916CK
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arthritis
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Letter
KW  - On
KW  - qualitative
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Research
KW  - RHEUMATOLOGY
KW  - RIVER
KW  - USA
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 314
EP  - 316
JF  - Arthritis & Rheumatism-Arthritis Care & Research
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
SN  - 0004-3591
AV  - Sunnybrook & Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000228362800026
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2224
T1  - In response to: de Witt L. & Ploeg J. (2006) Critical appraisal of rigor in interpretive phenomenological nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing 55(2), 215-229 233
A1  - Sandelowski,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Letter Sandelowski, M, Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, 7460 Carrington Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA msandelo@email.unc.edu 9 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J ADV NURS SEP Discipline: Nursing 072SB
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing Research
KW  - NURSING-RESEARCH
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Qualitative Research
KW  - Research
KW  - rigor
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 643
EP  - 645
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
UR  - ISI:000239692200014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2225
T1  - Reader uses articles for journal club meetings 7
A1  - Van Dalsen,V.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Letter Van Dalsen, V, St Marys Hlth Care, Grand Rapids, MI USA 0 0 ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PITTSBURGH 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA ONCOL NURS FORUM MAR Discipline: Oncology; Nursing 146QP
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Letter
KW  - meetings
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Oncology
KW  - READER
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 280
EP  - 280
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2007 Jan; 34(1): 93-9.(39 ref)
J1  - Oncology Nursing Forum
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SN  - 0190-535X
AV  - St Marys Hlth Care, Grand Rapids, MI USA.
UR  - ISI:000244949700009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2226
T1  - Use of the READER method of critical appraisal in general practice - Study did not properly answer the questions it posed 2327
A1  - van der Wouden,J.C.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Letter van der Wouden, JC, Erasmus Univ, Dept Gen Practice, Room FE319,POB 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands 1 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J SEP 19 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 122RA
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - General Practice
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READER
KW  - READER METHOD
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 819
EP  - 819
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 317
IS  - 7161
SN  - 0959-8138
AV  - Erasmus Univ, Dept Gen Practice, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
UR  - ISI:000076084200072
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2227
T1  - External research service with critical appraisal of the medical literature at a university medical centre 1439
A1  - Juche,A.
A1  - Euler,U.
A1  - Bruggenjurgen,B.
A1  - Willich,S.N.
A1  - Kunz,R.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Letter Willich, SN, Humboldt Univ, Charite Hosp, Inst Social Med Epidemiol & Hlth Econ, D-10098 Berlin, Germany 3 0 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND QUAL SAF HEALTH CARE SEP Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services 592VQ
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Berlin
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal of the medical literature
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - Letter
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 297
EP  - 297
JF  - Quality & Safety in Health Care.Vol.13(3)()(pp 226-232), 2004.
J1  - Quality & Safety in Health Care
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
SN  - 1475-3898
AV  - Humboldt Univ, Charite Hosp, Inst Social Med Epidemiol & Hlth Econ, D-10098 Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Charite Hosp, Dept Internal Med, D-10098 Berlin, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000177957900026
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2228
T1  - The Internet Radiation Oncology Journal Club - A multi-institutional collaborative education project 2509
A1  - Goldsmith,B.J.
A1  - Donaldson,S.S.
A1  - Mendenhall,W.M.
A1  - Recht,A.
A1  - Hoppe,R.T.
A1  - Grigsby,P.W.
A1  - Turrisi,A.T.
A1  - Tepper,J.E.
A1  - Roach,M.
A1  - Larson,D.A.
A1  - Withers,H.R.
A1  - Purdy,J.A.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB INT J RADIAT ONCOL BIOL PHYS Suppl. S Discipline: Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging XW280
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Oncology
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - Radiation Oncology
KW  - Radiology
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 356
EP  - 356
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SN  - 0360-3016
AV  - STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,HONOLULU,HI. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. JOINT CTR RADIAT THERAPY,BOSTON,MA. MALLINCKRODT INST RADIOL,ST LOUIS,MO. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143.
UR  - ISI:A1997XW28000521
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2229
T1  - Creation of a ''virtual'' journal club using a threaded Internet newsgroup 2491
A1  - Shea,T.B.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY BETHESDA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA MOL BIOL CELL NOV Suppl. S Discipline: Cell Biology YF096
KW  - Biology
KW  - CELL
KW  - cell biology
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2657
EP  - 2657
JF  - Molecular Biology of the Cell
VL  - 8
SN  - 1059-1524
AV  - UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,LOWELL,MA 01854.
UR  - ISI:A1997YF09602649
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2230
T1  - Critical appraisal of criteria used in the diagnosis of FCHL 2384
A1  - Brunzell,J.D.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND ATHEROSCLEROSIS MAY Suppl. 1 Discipline: Peripheral Vascular Disease ZU660
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Atherosclerosis
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - English
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Manager
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S2
EP  - S2
JF  - Atherosclerosis.Vol.176(1)()(pp 1-19), 2004.
J1  - Atherosclerosis
VL  - 138
SN  - 0021-9150
UR  - ISI:000074220400004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2231
T1  - Musculoskeletal examination teaching materials: A critical appraisal of content and quality 2322
A1  - Ha,D.V.
A1  - Peloso,P.M.
A1  - Blocka,K.L.N.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA ARTHRITIS RHEUM SEP Suppl. S Discipline: Rheumatology 125AQ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arthritis
KW  - content
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - quality
KW  - RHEUMATOLOGY
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Teaching Materials
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S340
EP  - S340
JF  - Arthritis and rheumatism
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
SN  - 0004-3591
AV  - Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000076215601844
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2232
T1  - Using a journal club to promote research among staff nurses in a bone marrow transplant unit 2186
A1  - Bywater,L.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 1 0 STOCKTON PRESS BASINGSTOKE HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT MAR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation 183PV
KW  - BONE
KW  - Bone Marrow
KW  - bone marrow transplant
KW  - BONE-MARROW
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Research
KW  - Staff
KW  - transplantation
KW  - UNIT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S239
EP  - S239
JF  - Bone Marrow Transplantation
VL  - 23
SN  - 0268-3369
AV  - John Radcliffe Hosp, Haematol & Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Oxford, England.
UR  - ISI:000079562900806
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2233
T1  - Needs assessment of medical trainees for an evidence-based medicine journal club 2247
A1  - Duncan,B.W.
A1  - Geraci,J.M.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 SLACK INC THOROFARE 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA J INVEST MED FEB Suppl. S Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental 158VG
KW  - assessment
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Research
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 139A
EP  - 139A
JF  - Journal of Investigative Medicine
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
SN  - 1081-5589
AV  - Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Houston VA Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
UR  - ISI:000078137600749
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2234
T1  - The Pediatric Critical Care Evidence-Based Internet Journal Club: Interim evaluation 2248
A1  - Markovitz,B.
A1  - Randolph,A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 1 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED JAN Suppl. S Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 160NN
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - pediatric
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A99
EP  - A99
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA.
UR  - ISI:000078236900250
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2235
T1  - Dissemination of new medical knowledge: Towards the use of electronic communication channels to distribute ACP journal club reviews 1658
A1  - Wilbright,W.A.
A1  - Wagner,M.M.
A1  - Eisenstadt,S.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 2 0 HANLEY & BELFUS INC PHILADELPHIA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA J AMER MED INFORM ASSOC Suppl. S Discipline: Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics 458RA
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - CHANNEL
KW  - Communication
KW  - Computer
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - English
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - Information System
KW  - Information Systems
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1195
EP  - 1195
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.2005 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 207-16.(35 ref)
J1  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
SN  - 1067-5027
AV  - Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Ctr Biomed Informat, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
UR  - ISI:000170207300392
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2236
T1  - Critically appraised topics provide evidence based reviews of medical literature for Web users 1935
A1  - Cappucclo,J.D.
A1  - Polashenski,W.
A1  - Robbins,B.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 308CE
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - USA
KW  - users
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 105
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.
UR  - ISI:000086690400349
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2237
T1  - Evidence based medicine(EBM): Integration of critical appraisal skills in 1st year Nephrology fellowship 1979
A1  - Ghosh,A.K.
A1  - Ghosh,K.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 1 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA AMER J KIDNEY DIS APR Discipline: Urology & Nephrology 299XL
KW  - 1ST YEAR
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Independence
KW  - Integration
KW  - KIDNEY
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - urology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A11
EP  - A11
JF  - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
SN  - 0272-6386
AV  - Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
UR  - ISI:000086223700045
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2238
T1  - The PedsCCM Evidence-based Journal Club: Analysis of patterns of access 1783
A1  - Hartzog,T.
A1  - Markovitz,B.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED DEC Suppl. S Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 388ZD
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - Analysis
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - PATTERNS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A146
EP  - A146
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 28
IS  - 12
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Univ Tennessee, Soddy Daisy, TN USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA.
UR  - ISI:000166212200426
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2239
T1  - A critical appraisal of the critically appraised topic 1860
A1  - Huber,M.R.
A1  - Thomas,S.
A1  - Montori,V.M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J INVEST MED SEP Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental 349GW
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Research
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 254A
EP  - 254A
JF  - Journal of Investigative Medicine
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
SN  - 1081-5589
AV  - Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA.
UR  - ISI:000089038200136
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2240
T1  - A critical appraisal of the critically appraised topic 1934
A1  - Huber,M.R.
A1  - Montori,V.M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 308CE
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Science
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 34
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000086690400050
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2241
T1  - Internet publishing of critically appraised topics stimulates use of evidence-based medicine 1936
A1  - Robbins,B.
A1  - Polashenski,W.
A1  - Cappuccio,J.D.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 308CE
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Internet
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Science
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 221
EP  - 221
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA.
UR  - ISI:000086690400840
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2242
T1  - Real time journal club: A multi-professional collaborative model 1937
A1  - Schmidt,P.A.
A1  - Friedman,B.
A1  - Moore,M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 308CE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Model
KW  - REAL-TIME
KW  - Science
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 222
EP  - 222
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 15
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Michigan State Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Garden City Hosp, COM SCS, Garden City, MI USA.
UR  - ISI:000086690400843
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2243
T1  - A survey of critical appraisal skills and the practice of EBM: Still a long way to go! 1861
A1  - Smith,C.A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA J INVEST MED SEP Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental 349GW
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - LONG
KW  - Medicine
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - survey
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 270A
EP  - 270A
JF  - Journal of Investigative Medicine
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
SN  - 1081-5589
AV  - Cook Cty Hosp, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
UR  - ISI:000089038200224
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2244
T1  - Dermatology journal club meetings: A review of the participants, style, and function 1679
A1  - Anderson,B.E.
A1  - Marks,J.G.
A1  - Miller,J.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH DERMATOL AUG Discipline: Dermatology 461MD
KW  - And
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - meetings
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Review
KW  - STATE
KW  - STYLE
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1085
EP  - 1085
JF  - Archives of Dermatology
VL  - 137
IS  - 8
SN  - 0003-987X
AV  - Penn State Coll Med, Div Dermatol, Hershey, PA USA.
UR  - ISI:000170367300013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2245
T1  - Getting evidence based medicine to the bedside - From Journal Club to handheld computer 1517
A1  - Brooks,W.B.
A1  - Zbehlik,A.
A1  - Lurie,J.
A1  - Ross,J.M.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 544LB
KW  - based medicine
KW  - BEDSIDE
KW  - Computer
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 84
EP  - 85
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 17
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA.
UR  - ISI:000175158200270
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2246
T1  - Combined obstetric and anesthesia journal club series: A forum for collaboration. Shankar B Kodali, Camann WR, department of anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard medical school, Boston, MA 02115 1524
A1  - Camann,W.
A1  - Kodall,B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA ANESTHESIOLOGY APR Suppl. S Discipline: Anesthesiology 538BL
KW  - And
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - combined
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Hospital
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medical School
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - School
KW  - SERIES
KW  - USA
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - U21
EP  - U21
JF  - Anesthesiology
SN  - 0003-3022
AV  - Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
UR  - ISI:000174794100035
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2247
T1  - A critical appraisal of models for aging research 1187
A1  - Cristofalo,V.
A1  - Gershon,D.
A1  - Tower,J.
A1  - Johnson,T.
A1  - Longo,V.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER WASHINGTON 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA GERONTOLOGIST OCT Sp. Iss. 1 Discipline: Gerontology 620PH
KW  - Aging
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - gerontology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Research
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 111
EP  - 111
JF  - Gerontologist
VL  - 42
SN  - 0016-9013
AV  - Lankenau Inst Med Res, Wynnewood, PA USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
UR  - ISI:000179541400390
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2248
T1  - Integrating critical appraisal skills into ambulatory morning report 1519
A1  - Halle,D.A.
A1  - Jackson,A.H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 544LB
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Into
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MORNING REPORT
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 86
EP  - 86
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 17
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA.
UR  - ISI:000175158200277
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2249
T1  - Electronic Journal Club did not change the use of evidence by academic generalist physicians: A randomized trial 1521
A1  - Mukohara,K.
A1  - Schwartz,M.D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 544LB
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Publishing
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 234
EP  - 234
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 17
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - NYU, New York, NY USA. Nagoya Univ Hosp, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
UR  - ISI:000175158200966
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2250
T1  - Evidence based Journal Club 1520
A1  - Todd,C.Y.
A1  - Dawson,E.K.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 544LB
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 102
EP  - 102
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 17
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - So Illinois Univ, Springfield, IL USA.
UR  - ISI:000175158200348
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2251
T1  - An online journal club for palliative care professionals: Early results from a Canadian demonstration 1378
A1  - Vallee,C.
A1  - Wedel,R.
A1  - Aherne,M.
A1  - Pereira,J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 CENTER BIOETHICS CLIN RES INST MONTREAL MONTREAL 110 PINE AVE W, MONTREAL, QUEBEC H2W 1R7, CANADA J PALLIATIVE CARE FAL Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 612AD
KW  - bioethics
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - ONLINE
KW  - palliative care
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Quebec
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 216
EP  - 216
JF  - Journal of Palliative Care
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
SN  - 0825-8597
AV  - Chinook Hlth Author, Reg Palliat Care Program, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. Univ Alberta, Fac Extens, Inst Profess Dev, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Calgary Reg Hlth Author, Foothills Med Ctr, Tertiary Palliat Care Unit, Calgary, AB, Canada. Calgary Reg Hlth Author, Reg Palliat Care Program, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000179050100063
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2252
T1  - Advance organizer use to improve resident learning in EBM Journal Club 1518
A1  - Yen,S.
A1  - Dean,A.
A1  - Piotrowski,Z.H.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 544LB
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Resident
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 85
EP  - 85
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 17
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - W Suburban Hosp Med Ctr, Oak Pk, IL USA.
UR  - ISI:000175158200273
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2253
T1  - Electromyographic biofeedback for faecal incontinence: A critical appraisal 1166
A1  - Beddy,P.
A1  - Neary,P.
A1  - McCollum,R.
A1  - Eguare,E.
A1  - Johnson,S.
A1  - Conclon,K.C.
A1  - Keane,F.B.V.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA GASTROENTEROLOGY APR Suppl. S Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 675CR
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC BIOFEEDBACK
KW  - English
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - Incontinence
KW  - Independence
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A792
EP  - A792
JF  - Gastroenterology
VL  - 124
IS  - 4
SN  - 0016-5085
UR  - ISI:000182675903994
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2254
T1  - Integrating critical appraisal of research into practice 1110
A1  - Beitman,C.
A1  - Chase,C.
A1  - Boustani,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER WASHINGTON 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA GERONTOLOGIST OCT Sp. Iss. 1 Discipline: Gerontology 734VF
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal of research
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - gerontology
KW  - Into
KW  - practice
KW  - Research
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 423
EP  - 423
JF  - Gerontologist
VL  - 43
SN  - 0016-9013
AV  - Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Regenstrief Inst, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Occupat Therapy Program, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Indianapolis, Sch Occupat Therapy, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA. Univ Indianapolis, Ctr Aging & Community, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA.
UR  - ISI:000186078101163
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2255
T1  - Enhancing the critical appraisal skills of surgeons in practice with an internet-based journal club 1136
A1  - Macrae,H.M.
A1  - Regehr,G.
A1  - McKenzie,M.
A1  - Henteleff,H.
A1  - Taylor,M.
A1  - McLeod,R.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA J AMER COLL SURGEONS SEP Suppl. S Discipline: Surgery 720EH
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - practice
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S70
EP  - S70
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
VL  - 197
IS  - 3
SN  - 1072-7515
AV  - Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000185248100171
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2256
T1  - The role of SISCOM in epilepsy surgery workup: A critical appraisal 756
A1  - Ahnlide,J.A.
A1  - Kallen,K.
A1  - Lundgren,A.
A1  - Lundgren,J.
A1  - Stromubladh,L.G.
A1  - Rosen,I.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA EPILEPSIA Suppl. 7 Discipline: Clinical Neurology 861MG
KW  - appraisal
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Role
KW  - Surgery
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 338
EP  - 338
JF  - Epilepsia
VL  - 45
SN  - 0013-9580
AV  - Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Pediat, S-22185 Lund, Sweden.
UR  - ISI:000224420100994
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2257
T1  - An Evidence-Based Medicine Journal Club: Impact on EBM knowledge of resident presenters and participants 985
A1  - Feldstein,D.A.
A1  - Gangnon,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 816RA
KW  - And
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Impact
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Resident
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 118
EP  - 118
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 19
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
UR  - ISI:000221125800399
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2258
T1  - The AGREE instrument: Critical appraisal of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines by physicians 986
A1  - McCausland,J.B.
A1  - Yealy,D.M.
A1  - Fine,M.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED APR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 816RA
KW  - appraisal
KW  - COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Publishing
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 214
EP  - 214
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 19
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
UR  - ISI:000221125800804
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2259
T1  - Major depression in the general hospital: Critical appraisal of different strategies to improve its treatment at the University Hospital of Lausanne 630
A1  - Berney,A.
A1  - Michaud,L.
A1  - Voellinger,R.
A1  - Burnand,B.
A1  - Stiefel,F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE EUR PSYCHIAT MAR Suppl. 1 Discipline: Psychiatry 922WE
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Depression
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - France
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - MAJOR DEPRESSION
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - University Hospital
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S111
EP  - S111
JF  - European Psychiatry
VL  - 20
SN  - 0924-9338
UR  - ISI:000228869800352
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2260
T1  - A critical appraisal of stent diameters derived from manufacturer's compliance charts: An intravascular ultrasound study 690
A1  - Costa,J.D.
A1  - Carlier,S.
A1  - Mintz,G.
A1  - Costa,R.
A1  - Fujii,K.
A1  - Sano,K.
A1  - Takebayashi,H.
A1  - Yasuda,T.
A1  - Kimura,M.
A1  - Moses,J.W.
A1  - Stone,G.W.
A1  - Leon,M.B.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA J AMER COLL CARDIOL FEB 1 Suppl. A Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 894RB
KW  - appraisal
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - compliance
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Science
KW  - Stent
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Ultrasound
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 72A
EP  - 72A
JF  - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SN  - 0735-1097
AV  - Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA.
UR  - ISI:000226808200307
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2261
T1  - Critical appraisal of scientific posters comparing anemia treatments in cancer patients: Applying ISPOR Task Force guidelines on methodological quality of retrospective studies 519
A1  - Demarteau,N.
A1  - Moeremans,K.
A1  - Annemans,L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND VALUE HEALTH NOV-DEC Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services 980MD
KW  - Anemia
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FORCE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TASK-FORCE
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - A46
EP  - A46
JF  - Value in Health
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
SN  - 1098-3015
AV  - IMS Hlth, Brussels, Belgium.
UR  - ISI:000233021700146
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2262
T1  - UK dermatology CAT club: National critical appraisal topics for registrars 725
A1  - Sladden,M.
A1  - Elston,G.
A1  - Davis,R.
A1  - Mortimer,N.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA J AMER ACAD DERMATOL MAR Suppl. S Discipline: Dermatology 906HU
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal topics
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - UK
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 101
EP  - 101
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Vol.52(4)()(pp 559-573), 2005.
J1  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
SN  - 0190-9622
AV  - Leicester Royal Infirm, Leicester, Leics, England.
UR  - ISI:000227632400401
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2263
T1  - Critically appraised topic (CAT): How should Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin be treated? 411
A1  - Birnie,A.
A1  - Sladden,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 MOSBY, INC ST LOUIS 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA J AMER ACAD DERMATOL MAR Suppl. S Discipline: Dermatology 017VI
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - SKIN
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - AB114
EP  - AB114
JF  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.Vol.52(4)()(pp 559-573), 2005.
J1  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
SN  - 0190-9622
AV  - Queens Med Ctr, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. Leicester Royal Infirm, Leicester, Leics, England.
UR  - ISI:000235721000446
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2264
T1  - Inhibitors of bone resorption in breast cancer metastatic to bone: A critical appraisal 26
A1  - Body,J.J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 W B SAUNDERS CO LTD LONDON 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND CANCER TREATMENT REV Suppl. 3 Discipline: Oncology 121JO
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BONE
KW  - BREAST
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Cancer
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - INHIBITOR
KW  - INHIBITORS
KW  - London
KW  - metastatic
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S26
EP  - S26
JF  - Cancer Treatment Reviews.Vol.32(3)()(pp 203-213), 2006.
J1  - Cancer Treatment Reviews
VL  - 32
SN  - 0305-7372
AV  - Free Univ Brussels, Inst Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Hosp Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium. Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
UR  - ISI:000243154100047
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2265
T1  - Critical appraisal of radiosurgery as first line therapy for brain metastasis 115
A1  - Bolognesi,A.
A1  - Franzin,A.
A1  - Motta,M.
A1  - Picozzi,P.
A1  - Fazio,F.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND ANN ONCOL Suppl. 11 Discipline: Oncology 110LG
KW  - appraisal
KW  - brain
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - LINE
KW  - Metastasis
KW  - Oncology
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - XI63
EP  - XI63
JF  - Annals of Oncology.Vol.13(9)()(pp 1507-1509), 2002.
J1  - Annals of Oncology
VL  - 17
SN  - 0923-7534
AV  - IRCCS San Raffaele, Dept Radiat Oncol, Milan, Italy. IRCCS San Raffaele, Dept Neurosurg, Gamma Knife Unit, Milan, Italy. IRCCS San Raffaele, CNR, INB, Milan, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000242379800242
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2266
T1  - Leprous Neuropathy under diagnosed: A critical appraisal and histopathological observations 160
A1  - Chickabasaviah,Y.
A1  - Parthiban,R.
A1  - Taly,A.
A1  - Patil,S.
A1  - Mahadevan,A.
A1  - Santosh,V.
A1  - Narayanappa,G.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND NEUROMUSCULAR DISORD JUL Suppl. 1 Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences 066KX
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - Observation
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S161
EP  - S161
JF  - Neuromuscular Disorders
VL  - 16
SN  - 0960-8966
AV  - Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
UR  - ISI:000239229400420
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2267
T1  - A critical appraisal of therapy induced tumor regression in rectal carcinoma 448
A1  - Gosens,M.J.E.M.
A1  - van Krieken,J.H.J.M.
A1  - Rutten,H.J.
A1  - Nieuwenhuijzen,G.A.P.
A1  - Martijn,H.
A1  - van den Brule,A.J.C.
A1  - Tan-Go,W.N.
A1  - Nagtegaal,I.D.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 OXFORD UNIV PRESS OXFORD GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND ANN ONCOL JAN Suppl. 1 Discipline: Oncology 008RU
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Regression
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - tumor
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Annals of Oncology.Vol.13(9)()(pp 1507-1509), 2002.
J1  - Annals of Oncology
VL  - 17
SN  - 0923-7534
AV  - Catharina Hosp, Dept Surg, Eindhoven, Netherlands. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Catharina Hosp, Dept Radiol, Eindhoven, Netherlands. PAMM Inst, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
UR  - ISI:000235059200078
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2268
T1  - A nursing journal Club to help promote evidence based practice in the private practice setting 9
A1  - Fortenbaugh,C.
A1  - Consalvo,K.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PITTSBURGH 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA ONCOL NURS FORUM MAR Discipline: Oncology; Nursing 146QP
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Oncology
KW  - practice
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 542
EP  - 542
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2007 Jan; 34(1): 93-9.(39 ref)
J1  - Oncology Nursing Forum
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SN  - 0190-535X
AV  - Penn Oncol Hematol Associates, Philadelphia, PA USA.
UR  - ISI:000244949700240
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2269
T1  - Neutropenia management: Use of a journal club to format change 8
A1  - O'Leary,C.
A1  - Gobel,B.H.
A1  - Vancura,L.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Meeting Abstract 0 0 ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PITTSBURGH 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA ONCOL NURS FORUM MAR Discipline: Oncology; Nursing 146QP
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Management
KW  - neutropenia
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 538
EP  - 538
JF  - Oncology Nursing Forum.2007 Jan; 34(1): 93-9.(39 ref)
J1  - Oncology Nursing Forum
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SN  - 0190-535X
AV  - NW Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
UR  - ISI:000244949700228
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2270
T1  - Teaching evidence-based practice in mental health 1889
A1  - Bilsker,D.
A1  - Goldner,E.M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Reprint Bilsker, D, Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada 4 4 SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC THOUSAND OAKS 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA RES SOCIAL WORK PRAC SEP Discipline: Social Work 350NU
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - beliefs
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Canada
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMERS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - health
KW  - journal
KW  - LESSONS
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - Methodology
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - practice
KW  - psychiatric residents
KW  - psychiatric training
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - questioning
KW  - researchers
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching evidence-based practice
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 664
EP  - 669
JF  - Research on Social Work Practice
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
N2  - This article is reprinted from the journal Evidence-Based Mental Health. It presents the core virtues of the evidence-based paradigm (questioning of unfounded beliefs, rigorous scrutiny of methodology critical appraisal of proposed treatments), and the authors' experiences in teaching evidence-based practice to psychiatric residents. The aim of such training is to produce informed consumers of evidence, not researchers or methodologists. The lessons learned in psychiatric training have obvious applications to social work education
SN  - 1049-7315
AV  - Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000089108700007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2271
T1  - Antioxidants and lipid oxidation in foods - A critical appraisal 2289
A1  - Adegoke,G.O.
A1  - Kumar,M.V.
A1  - Krishna,A.G.G.
A1  - Varadaraj,M.C.
A1  - Sambaiah,K.
A1  - Lokesh,B.R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Adegoke, GO, Cent Food Technol Res Inst, Dept Biochem & Nutr, Mysore 570013, Karnataka, India 170 13 ASSN FOOD SCIENT TECHN INDIA MYSORE CENTRAL FOOD TECHNOL RES INST, MYSORE 570013, INDIA J FOOD SCI TECHNOL-MYSORE JUL-AUG Discipline: Food Science & Technology 139MG
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - Antioxidant
KW  - antioxidants
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BHA
KW  - BHT
KW  - biological
KW  - BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE
KW  - CHOLESTEROL OXIDES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Deterioration
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - FAT
KW  - FOOD
KW  - Food Industry
KW  - FOODS
KW  - FREE-RADICALS
KW  - India
KW  - Industry
KW  - Lipid
KW  - lipid oxidation
KW  - NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS
KW  - On
KW  - ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - POSSIBLE MECHANISMS
KW  - propyl gallate
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - ROSMARINUS-OFFICINALIS L
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - safety aspects
KW  - Science
KW  - spices and herbs
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TBHQ
KW  - Technology
KW  - tocopherols
KW  - TURMERIC CURCUMA-LONGA
KW  - Use
KW  - VITAMIN-E
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 283
EP  - 298
JF  - Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
N2  - Lipid oxidation is a process, which results in rancidity and deterioration of fats posing a major problem in food industry and on biological systems. Many synthetic antioxidants are used in food systems to inhibit lipid oxidation. However, the safety concerns about synthetic antioxidants have led to spurt of research on antioxidants from natural resources, particularly those derived from plant sources. Findings from some such studies on potent aromatic plants having good antioxidant potentials should be pooled to be exploited in food as well as in biological system as a safe alternative to synthetic antioxidants. An attempt has been made in the present review to critically appraise the potentials and safety aspects of synthetic and natural antioxidants for use in food systems
SN  - 0022-1155
AV  - Cent Food Technol Res Inst, Dept Biochem & Nutr, Mysore 570013, Karnataka, India.
UR  - ISI:000077032400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2272
T1  - Towards evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in Saudi Arabia 811
A1  - Al-Ansary,L.A.
A1  - Alkhenizan,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Al-Ansary, LA, King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, POB 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia akhenizan@kfshrc.edu.sa 15 0 SAUDI MED J RIYADH ARMED FORCES HOSPITAL, PO BOX 7897,, RIYADH 11159, SAUDI ARABIA SAUDI MED J NOV Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 882EJ
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - biases
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Cost
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Developed Country
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based guidelines
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - FORCE
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - international
KW  - local adaptation
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Recognition
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - SAUDI-ARABIA
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1555
EP  - 1558
JF  - Saudi Medical Journal.Vol.25(4)()(pp 409-423), 2004.
J1  - Saudi Medical Journal
VL  - 25
IS  - 11
N2  - The objective of this review is to provide a brief background on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and tools to assess and locally adapt CPGs. Over the last 2 decades, CPGs have become an increasingly popular tool for synthesis of clinical information, so as to change clinical practice and improve quality of health care. Such a quantitative growth in the number of guidelines available in different specialties is a source of concern since there is evidence that recommendations produced by different groups can be conflicting, invalid, unreliable, and even harmful. Various critical appraisal instruments were designed and tested to assess whether developers have minimized the biases inherent in creating guidelines and addressed the requirements for effective implementation. We recommend using the AGREE instrument which was developed by the Appraisal of Guideline Research and Evaluation (AGREE) collaboration. It is the most well-developed guideline appraisal instrument available, and it has been shown to have good reliability and validity. There is a growing recognition that it is not possible for national guidelines to be produced on every clinical problem of concern. The cost is huge and few practices have the resources or skills to develop their own valid evidence-based guidelines. Several developed countries encourage local adaptation of international good quality guidelines to avoid duplication of work and cost involved in guidelines development. Therefore wherever possible, Saudi guidelines should be based on existing good quality guidelines. The methodology for local adaptation of CPGs to meet the local needs and resources are explained in this review
SN  - 0379-5284
AV  - King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
UR  - ISI:000225921400003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2273
T1  - A review of journal clubs in postgraduate medical education 2399
A1  - Alguire,P.C.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Alguire, PC, Amer Coll Phys, 630 Race St, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA 50 33 BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA J GEN INTERN MED MAY Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal ZN668
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Attention
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - extraction
KW  - FOOD
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Goals
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - IF
KW  - Interns and Residents
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Longevity
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - postgraduate medical education
KW  - principles
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Race
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - READING HABITS
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - TERM
KW  - TEXT
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - WILL
KW  - WORD
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 347
EP  - 353
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To review the goals, organization, and teaching methods of journal clubs, summarize elements of successful clubs, and evaluate their effect on reading habits, and effectiveness in meeting teaching goals. Examples of clubs that utilize principles of adult learning are reviewed. DATA SOURCES: English language articles identified through a MEDLINE search (1966-1997) using the MeSH terms "internship" and "residency," and text words "journal club" and "critical appraisal." STUDY SELECTION: Articles on learning goals and organization were included if they represented national or regional surveys with a response rate of 65% or greater. Articles that evaluated teaching effectiveness were included if they used a controlled, educational design, or if they exemplified important adult learning principles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were manually extracted from selected studies and reviews. DATA SYNTHESIS: A major goal for most clubs is to teach critical appraisal skills. Clubs with high attendance and longevity are characterized by mandatory attendance, availability of food, and perceived importance by the program director. Residents who are taught critical appraisal report paying more attention to the methods and are more skeptical of the conclusions, and have increased knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, but studies have failed to demonstrate that these residents read more, or read more critically. Reading guidelines may be useful for teaching critical appraisal skills, and may be associated with increased resident satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS:Journal club formats are educationally diverse, can incorporate adult learning principles, and are an adaptable format for teaching the "new basic sciences."
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Univ Florida, Dept Med, Gainesville, FL USA.
UR  - ISI:000073669700010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2274
T1  - The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: Explanation and elaboration 1746
A1  - Altman,D.G.
A1  - Schulz,K.F.
A1  - Moher,D.
A1  - Egger,M.
A1  - Davidoff,F.
A1  - Elbourne,D.
A1  - Gotzsche,P.C.
A1  - Lang,T.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Altman, DG, Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Thomas C Chalmers Ctr Systemat Reviews, Res Inst, Room R235,401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada 204 537 AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA ANN INTERN MED APR 17 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 423LJ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - BONE-MINERAL DENSITY
KW  - Canada
KW  - Checklist
KW  - children
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
KW  - CONSORT
KW  - CONSORT STATEMENT
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL
KW  - Editorial
KW  - EDITORS
KW  - empirical studies
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - evidence
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - FLOW
KW  - guidance
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Independence
KW  - international
KW  - interpretation
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODELS
KW  - meaning
KW  - MEDICAL JOURNALS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
KW  - On
KW  - Ontario
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - quality
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - Race
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STATISTICS NOTES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Error
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Web
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 663
EP  - 694
JF  - Annals of Internal Medicine.2004 Mar 2; 140(5): 356-62, I-68.(43 ref)
J1  - Annals of Internal Medicine
VL  - 134
IS  - 8
N2  - Overwhelming evidence now indicates that the quality of reporting of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) is less than optimal. Recent methodologic analyses indicate that inadequate reporting and design are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects. Such systematic error is seriously damaging to RCTs, which boast the elimination of systematic error as their primary hallmark. Systematic error in RCTs reflects poor science, and poor science threatens proper ethical standards. A group of scientists and editors developed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs. The statement consists of a checklist and flow diagram that authors can use for reporting an RCT. Many leading medical journals and major international editorial groups have adopted the CONSORT statement. The CONSORT statement facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs by providing guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of their trials. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the CONSORT statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For most items, at least one published example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies are provided. Several examples of flow diagrams are included. The CONSORT statement, this explanatory and elaboration document, and the associated Web site (http://www.consort -statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of randomized trials
SN  - 0003-4819
AV  - Imperial Canc Res Fund, Med Stat Grp, Oxford, England. Inst Hlth Sci, Ctr Stat Med, Oxford, England. Univ Bristol, MRC, Hlth Serv Res Collaborat, Bristol, Avon, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Thomas C Chalmers Ctr Systemat Reviews, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Amer Coll Phys, Amer Soc Internal Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Nord Cochrane Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. Tom Lang Commun, Lakewood, CO USA.
UR  - ISI:000168177500006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2275
T1  - Reading and critically appraising systematic reviews and meta-analyses: A short primer with a focus on hepatology 553
A1  - Balk,E.M.
A1  - Lau,J.
A1  - Bonis,P.A.L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Balk, EM, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, 750 Washington St,NEMC 63, Boston, MA 02111 USA ebalk@tufts-nemc.org 49 0 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS J HEPATOL OCT Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 969KH
KW  - ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
KW  - And
KW  - CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FUNNEL PLOT
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - interferon
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - New England
KW  - On
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 729
EP  - 736
JF  - Journal of Hepatology
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
SN  - 0168-8278
AV  - Tufts New England Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA USA.
UR  - ISI:000232232500027
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2276
T1  - A critical appraisal of the experimental data on the molecular structure and spectra of halides, oxides, and hydrides of the s-, d-, and f-block elements 2082
A1  - Beattie,I.R.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Review Beattie, IR, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England 237 1 WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH BERLIN MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY ANGEW CHEM INT ED Discipline: Chemistry, Multidisciplinary 257GY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Berlin
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE
KW  - electronic structure
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - gas-phase chemistry
KW  - Germany
KW  - GROUND-STATE
KW  - INFRARED-SPECTRA
KW  - laser spectroscopy
KW  - LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
KW  - LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES
KW  - matrix isolation
KW  - On
KW  - OXIDE
KW  - RARE-GAS MATRICES
KW  - Review
KW  - RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY
KW  - SOLID ARGON
KW  - SPECTRUM
KW  - structure
KW  - structure elucidation
KW  - TRANSITION-METAL DIHALIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 3295
EP  - 3306
JF  - Angewandte Chemie-International Edition
VL  - 38
IS  - 22
SN  - 1433-7851
AV  - Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England.
UR  - ISI:000083775200002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2277
T1  - Implants in the medically compromised patient 790
A1  - Beikler,T.
A1  - Flemmig,T.F.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Beikler, T, Univ Munster, Dept Periodontol, Waldeyerstr 30, D-48149 Munster, Germany beikler@uni-muenster.de 155 4 INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R ALEXANDRIA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA CRIT REV ORAL BIOL MED JUL Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 891QI
KW  - ABNORMALITIES
KW  - And
KW  - BONE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - compromised
KW  - critical
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - data
KW  - DENTAL IMPLANTS
KW  - dentistry
KW  - diabetes
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - DIABETES-MELLITUS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - DYSPLASIA
KW  - ENDOSSEOUS IMPLANTS
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
KW  - Implant
KW  - implant success
KW  - implants
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LINE
KW  - Literature
KW  - maintenance
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MELLITUS
KW  - metabolism
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - ORAL BONE LOSS
KW  - OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANTS
KW  - outcome
KW  - PAPILLON-LEFEVRE-SYNDROME
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIODONTAL-DISEASE
KW  - postoperative
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - SJOGRENS-SYNDROME
KW  - Success
KW  - Surgery
KW  - systemic
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TITANIUM IMPLANTS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 305
EP  - 316
JF  - Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine.Vol.14(4)()(pp 305-316), 2003.
J1  - Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
N2  - Dental clinicians are confronted with an increasing number of medically compromised patients who require implant surgery for their oral rehabilitation. However, there are few guidelines on dental implant therapy in this patient category, so that numerous issues regarding pre- and post-operative management remain unclear to the dental clinician. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to offer a critical evaluation of the literature and to provide the clinician with scientifically based data for implant therapy in the medically compromised patient. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the influence of the most common systemic and local diseases on the outcome of dental implant therapy, e. g., abnormalities in bone metabolism, diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, and ectodermal dysplasias. Specific pathophysiologic aspects of the above-mentioned diseases as well as their potential implications for implant success are critically appraised. In line with these implications, guidelines for pre- and post-operative management that may assist in the successful implant-supported rehabilitation of this patient category are proposed
SN  - 1045-4411
AV  - Univ Munster, Dept Periodontol, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000226595200007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2278
T1  - One hundred years of cancer immunotherapy: A critical appraisal 2260
A1  - Ben-Efraim,S.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Review Ben-Efraim, S, Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Human Microbiol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel 185 35 KARGER BASEL ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND TUMOR BIOL JAN-FEB Discipline: Oncology 152UB
KW  - ACTIVE SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY
KW  - adjuvant
KW  - And
KW  - antigen
KW  - ANTIGENS
KW  - antitumor immunization
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ATHYMIC NUDE-MICE
KW  - bacterial
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Immunotherapy
KW  - CELL
KW  - CELLS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - cytokine
KW  - cytokines
KW  - data
KW  - DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Factor
KW  - HAND
KW  - HIGH-RISK
KW  - Human
KW  - HUMAN OVARIAN-CANCER
KW  - HUMAN-BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Immune System
KW  - IMMUNE-SYSTEM
KW  - Immunogenicity
KW  - Immunotherapy
KW  - immunotherapy,cancer
KW  - Insight
KW  - interaction
KW  - Israel
KW  - Mice
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - neoplasia
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Population
KW  - PRODUCTS
KW  - Protocols
KW  - RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA
KW  - Responses
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Role
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - SYNTHETIC THYMIC HORMONE
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - TARGETED INTERLEUKIN-2 THERAPY
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - tumor
KW  - tumor antigens
KW  - tumor immunogenicity
KW  - tumor models
KW  - TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - VACCINES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
JF  - Tumor Biology
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - First attempts of cancer immunotherapy were made approximately 100 years ago on the assumption that tumor cells are recognized as 'foreign' by the immune system. Later on, a whole series of experimental animal tumor models were developed. They included the use of syngeneic tumors, spontaneously arising tumors and human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. The experimental data contributed to our understanding of the interaction between immunocompetent ells and their products on the one hand and tumor cells on the other. On this basis, various immunotherapeutic protocols have been devised which included the use of 'nonspecific' components such as bacterial adjuvants, cytokines, NK cells and macrophages and attempts were made to raise specific T and B cell responses against tumor cells. Many human tumor-associated antigens have been characterized, and various ways of increasing the immunogenicity of human tumor cells have been described. Moreover, more insight has been achieved in defining 'high risk' populations on the basis of genetic background, the role of environmental factors and the characterization of 'precancerous' cells. Some cancer vaccines have been used in clinical trials which have resulted in partially beneficial therapeutic effects but have not provided a full solution for a rational use of immunotherapy against human neoplasia
SN  - 1010-4283
AV  - Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, Dept Human Microbiol, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
UR  - ISI:000077794200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2279
T1  - Costs and benefits of carotid endarterectomy and associated preoperative arterial imaging - A systematic review of health economic literature 1572
A1  - Benade,M.M.
A1  - Warlow,C.P.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Benade, MM, 403 Lanark Rd, Edinburgh EH13 0NQ, Midlothian, Scotland 50 11 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA STROKE FEB Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease 518AX
KW  - And
KW  - Angiography
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - asymptomatic
KW  - ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Biosis
KW  - CARE
KW  - carotid arteries
KW  - Carotid Artery
KW  - Carotid Endarterectomy
KW  - CAROTID-ARTERY
KW  - CAROTID-ENDARTERECTOMY
KW  - CEA
KW  - clinical
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cost
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - costs
KW  - costs and costs analysis
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS
KW  - ECONOMIC-EVALUATION
KW  - Embase
KW  - ENDARTERECTOMY
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care System
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Internal Carotid Artery
KW  - Ischemia
KW  - Life
KW  - life-years
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - modeling
KW  - models
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Neurology
KW  - On
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - preoperative arterial imaging
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Adjusted Life Year
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Scotland
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - STENOSIS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Stroke
KW  - structured review
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Time
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - USA
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 629
EP  - 638
JF  - Stroke.Vol.36(11)()(pp 2514-2522), 2005.
J1  - Stroke
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
N2  - Background and Purpose-Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces the risk of stroke in patients with severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery. However, the cost implications of this procedure have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. The objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise the studies addressing the economic implications of CEA and the associated preoperative arterial imaging. Methods-A systematic search strategy was developed to identify research articles related to the economic evaluation of CEA and the associated preoperative imaging. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS were electronically searched, and reference lists from identified studies were searched manually. Methods used to critically appraise these studies followed proposed guidelines for an economic evaluation that addresses 10 distinct aspects under 3 separate headings. Results-Studies identified were either partial economic or full economic evaluations, with the majority coming from the United States. The methodological quality seems to have improved over time. The studies that assessed cost-effectiveness of CEA were all modeling studies; although the same baseline parameters were used, divergent conclusions were reached. Variation in the cost estimates of CEA ($9500 to $11 500) in the same health care system was also observed in the studies reporting only on the cost of carotid surgery. For a symptomatic patient, the benefit of CEA ranged from 0.35 quality adjusted life years (QALYs) (4.2 months) at a cost of $4100 per QALY to 0.93 QALYs (11.2 months) at a cost of $434 per QALY. For an asymptomatic patient, the cost-effectiveness of CEA varied from 0.15 QALYs (1.8 months) at a cost of $52 700 per QALY to 0.25 QALYs (3 months) at a cost of $8004 per QALY. Conclusions-Divergent conclusions of the cost-effectiveness of CEA were reported from studies that addressed the same questions and using similar parameters in their models. The cost estimates of the procedure and the different time periods used in the studies might explain these inconsistencies. Modeling studies in hypothetical cohorts might also be to blame. The cost-effectiveness of CEA will only definitively be assessed when real patient data are used
SN  - 0039-2499
AV  - Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
UR  - ISI:000173644900039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2280
T1  - Neonatal candidemia and end-organ damage: A critical appraisal of the literature using meta-analytic techniques 1169
A1  - Benjamin,D.K.
A1  - Poole,C.
A1  - Steinbach,W.J.
A1  - Rowen,J.L.
A1  - Walsh,T.J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Benjamin, DK, Duke Univ, Clin Res Inst, Box 17969, Durham, NC 27715 USA 51 20 AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS ELK GROVE VILLAGE 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA PEDIATRICS SEP Discipline: Pediatrics 716NL
KW  - AMPHOTERICIN-B
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - brain
KW  - Candida
KW  - CARE
KW  - COHORT
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - critique
KW  - Culture
KW  - CULTURES
KW  - DAMAGE
KW  - data
KW  - deep tissue
KW  - discipline
KW  - effort
KW  - Endophthalmitis
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - FLUID
KW  - form
KW  - FREQUENCY
KW  - FUNGAL COLONIZATION
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infection
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - invasion
KW  - invasive candidiasis
KW  - Language
KW  - LATE-ONSET SEPSIS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Meningitis
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - MULTICENTER
KW  - MULTICENTER TRIAL
KW  - NEONATE
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - OLDER
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Population
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER
KW  - reports
KW  - RESEARCH NETWORK
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - Review
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEMIC CANDIDIASIS
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - Ultrasound
KW  - UNIT
KW  - URINE
KW  - Urine Culture
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 634
EP  - 640
JF  - Pediatrics.Vol.117(6)()(pp e1170-e1178), 2006.
J1  - Pediatrics
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
N2  - Objective. Neonatal candidemia is an increasing cause of infant morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the current medical literature in an effort to critique the literature and to document the reported prevalences of end-organ damage after neonatal candidemia. Methods. We analyzed all peer-reviewed articles of neonatal candidemia published in the English language; inclusion criteria included a cohort limited to all neonatal intensive care unit admissions or all episodes of candidemia in neonates. Articles that also incorporated older patients, did not define a numerator and a denominator for at least 1 form of end-organ damage, included patients from other reports, or did not include all episodes of candidemia in the source population were excluded from the analysis. Results. Thirty-four articles reported episodes of candidemia and mortality; 21 articles reported prevalence for at least 1 form of end-organ damage. Only 4 (19%) of 21 articles reported prevalence for >4 forms of end-organ damage from the following list: endophthalmitis, meningitis, brain parenchyma invasion, endocarditis, renal abscesses, positive cultures from other normally sterile body fluids, or hepatosplenic abscesses. The median reported prevalence of endophthalmitis was 3% (interquartile range [IQR]: 0%-17%), of meningitis was 15% (IQR: 3%-23%), of brain abscess or ventriculitis was 4% (IQR: 3%-21%), of endocarditis was 5% (IQR: 0%-13%), of positive renal ultrasound was 5% (IQR: 0%-14%), and of positive urine culture was 61% (IQR: 40%-76%). The medical literature concerning end-organ evaluation after episodes of neonatal candidemia is heterogeneous and consists largely of single-center retrospective studies. Year that the data were collected and prevalence of neonates infected with Candida albicans were associated with observed heterogeneity. Conclusions. Given the heterogeneity of the medical literature, precise estimates of the frequencies of end-organ damage are not possible and a prospective multi-center trial is warranted, but the data from the published literature suggest that the prevalence of neonates with end-organ damage not only is greater than 0 but also is high enough that until such a prospective trial is completed, end-organ studies should be considered before the conclusion of antifungal therapy
SN  - 0031-4005
AV  - Duke Univ, Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC 27715 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Duke Univ, Mycol Res Unit, Durham, NC USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NCI, Immunocompromised Host Sect, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
UR  - ISI:000185035100039
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2281
T1  - Risk factors for stress fractures 2107
A1  - Bennell,K.
A1  - Matheson,G.
A1  - Meeuwisse,W.
A1  - Brukner,P.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Review Bennell, K, Univ Melbourne, Sch Physiotherapy, 200 Berkeley St, Carlton, Vic 3052, Australia 179 37 ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD AUCKLAND 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SPORT MED AUG Discipline: Sport Sciences 232VE
KW  - aetiology
KW  - alignment
KW  - And
KW  - Australia
KW  - BALLET DANCERS
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - BONE
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - BONE-DENSITY
KW  - BONE-MINERAL DENSITY
KW  - CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION
KW  - Caloric Restriction
KW  - COMPACT-BONE
KW  - COMPOSITE
KW  - composition
KW  - CORTICAL BONE
KW  - DENSITIES
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISTANCE RUNNERS
KW  - Endurance
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Fracture
KW  - FRACTURES
KW  - HUMAN TIBIAL STRAINS
KW  - Information
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - Integration
KW  - international
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - LOWER-EXTREMITY
KW  - MUSCLE
KW  - MUSCLE-CONTRACTION INCREASES
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NEW-ZEALAND
KW  - On
KW  - OVERUSE INJURIES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - physical
KW  - PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
KW  - Physiotherapy
KW  - play
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - Science
KW  - Sport
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - Stress
KW  - STRESS-FRACTURES
KW  - STRESSES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - study designs
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Training
KW  - VOLUME
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 91
EP  - 122
JF  - Sports Medicine
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
N2  - Preventing stress fractures requires knowledge of the risk factors that predispose to this injury. The aetiology of stress fractures is multifactorial, but methodological limitations and expediency often lead to research study designs that evaluate individual risk factors. intrinsic risk factors include mechanical factors such as bone density, skeletal alignment and body size and composition, physiological factors such as bone turnover rate, flexibility, and muscular strength and endurance, as well as hormonal and nutritional factors. Extrinsic risk factors include mechanical factors such as surface, footwear and external loading as well as physical training parameters. Psychological traits may also play a role in increasing stress fracture risk. Equally important to these types of analyses of individual risk factors is the integration of information to produce a composite picture of risk. The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise the existing literature by evaluating study design and quality, in order to provide a current synopsis of the known scientific information related to stress fracture risk factors. The literature is not fully complete with well conducted studies on this topic, but a great deal of information has accumulated over the past 20 years. Although stress fractures result from repeated loading, the exact contribution of training factors (volume, intensity, surface) has not been clearly established, From what we do know, menstrual disturbances, caloric restriction, lower bone density, muscle weakness and leg length differences are risk factors for stress fracture. Other time-honoured risk factors such as lower extremity alignment have not been shown to be causative even though anecdotal evidence indicates they are likely to play an important role in stress fracture pathogenesis
SN  - 0112-1642
AV  - Univ Melbourne, Sch Physiotherapy, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Sports Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calgary, Ctr Sports Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Olymp Pk Sports Med Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000082390000004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2282
T1  - Potential clinical impact of normal-tissue intrinsic radiosensitivity testing 2558
A1  - Bentzen,S.M.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Review Bentzen, SM, DANISH CANC SOC,DEPT EXPT CLIN ONCOL,NORREBROGADE 44,BLDG 5,DK-8000 AARHUS C,DENMARK 45 49 ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD CLARE CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND RADIOTHER ONCOL MAY Discipline: Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging XD682
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSAY
KW  - ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - biological
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - clinical
KW  - colony-forming assays
KW  - complications
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - dose prescriptions
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - DOSE-RESPONSE
KW  - English
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Experience
KW  - FIBROBLAST RADIOSENSITIVITY
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - HIGH-RISK
KW  - HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IF
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Impact
KW  - IN-VITRO
KW  - IN-VITRO RADIOSENSITIVITY
KW  - Information
KW  - INVITRO RADIOSENSITIVITY
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LOSSES
KW  - Manager
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NOISE
KW  - NORMAL TISSUE
KW  - normal-tissue sensitivity
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - PART
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Population
KW  - POSTMASTECTOMY RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - predictive assay
KW  - PREDICTIVE VALUE
KW  - Prescription
KW  - PRESYMPTOMATIC DIAGNOSIS
KW  - PRETREATMENT
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Probability
KW  - RADIATION-THERAPY
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - REGION
KW  - relationships
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - Screening
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - SKIN FIBROBLASTS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - testing
KW  - theoretical
KW  - TISSUE
KW  - TISSUES
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - tumor
KW  - Use
KW  - VIEW
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 121
EP  - 131
JF  - Radiotherapy and Oncology
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
N2  - A critical appraisal is given of the possible benefit from a reliable pre-treatment knowledge of individual normal-tissue sensitivity to radiotherapy. The considerations are in part, but not exclusively, based on the recent experience with in vitro colony-forming assays of the surviving fraction at 2 Gy, the SF2. Three strategies are reviewed: (1) to screen for rare cases with extreme radiosensitivity, so-called over-reactors, and treat these with reduced total dose, (2) to identify the sensitive tail of the distribution of 'normal' radiosensitivities, refer these patients to other treatment, and to escalate the dose to the remaining patients, or (3) to individualize dose prescriptions based on individual radiosensitivity, i.e. treating to isoeffect rather than to a specific dose-fractionation schedule. It is shown that these strategies will have a small, if any, impact on routine radiotherapy. Screening for over-reactors is hampered by the low prevalence of these among otherwise un-selected patients that leads to a low positive predictive value of in vitro radiosensitivity assays. It is argued, that this problem may persist even if the noise on current assays could be reduced to (the unrealistic value of) zero, simply because of the large biological variation in SF2. Removing the sensitive tail of the patient population, will only have a minor effect on the dose that could be delivered to the remaining patients, because of the sigmoid shape of empirical dose-response relationships. Finally, individualizing dose prescriptions based exclusively on information from a normal-tissue radiosensitivity assay, leads to a nearly symmetrical distribution of dose-changes that would produce a very small gain, or even a loss, of tumor control probability if implemented in the clinic. From a theoretical point of view, other strategies could be devised and some of these are considered in this review. Right now the most promising clinical use of in vitro radiosensitivity assays may be as a guide for the prescription of treatment schedules that are costly or involves a high risk of complications. Examples of this are certain strategies attempting to widen the therapeutic window, the use of very high doses or re-irradiation of a previously irradiated region, or the selection of patients for experimental strategies like the use of biological response modifiers to reduce normal-tissue toxicity. Finally, published data are summarized on the possible correlation between the radiosensitivities of tumor and normal tissues or between the sensitivities of various normal tissues. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd
SN  - 0167-8140
UR  - ISI:A1997XD68200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2283
T1  - Alteration of radiotherapy fractionation and concurrent chemotherapy: a new frontier in head and neck oncology? 581
A1  - Bernier,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Bernier, J, San Giovanni Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Oncol Inst So Switzerland, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland jacques.bernier@hcuge.ch 42 6 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP NEW YORK 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA NAT CLIN PRACT ONCOL JUN Discipline: Oncology 962QB
KW  - ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY
KW  - ALTERED FRACTIONATION
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Cancer
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - CELL
KW  - CELL CARCINOMA
KW  - challenge
KW  - chemoradiation
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - CISPLATIN
KW  - combined
KW  - CONCOMITANT CHEMOTHERAPY
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CONVENTIONAL FRACTIONATION
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - ENDPOINTS
KW  - English
KW  - Fractionation
KW  - Head
KW  - head and neck
KW  - head and neck cancer
KW  - HYPERFRACTIONATED RADIATION-THERAPY
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - LOCALLY ADVANCED HEAD
KW  - Management
KW  - multimodalities
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - REGIMEN
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA
KW  - STAGE
KW  - Survival
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - systemic
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Teams
KW  - TERM
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 305
EP  - 314
JF  - Nature Clinical Practice Oncology.2006 Nov; 3(11): 612-20.(50 ref)
J1  - Nature Clinical Practice Oncology
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
N2  - Despite recent advances in multimodality management of patients with stage III-IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the prognosis in these patients remains disappointing. In an attempt to improve treatment outcome, several teams recently investigated the role of altered fractionation radiotherapy in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy. The controlled trials that investigated this combined approach indicate that, although the magnitude of its effect was less marked for survival indices than for local-regional control, the addition of chemotherapy to altered fractionation regimens results in a clear improvement for these endpoints compared with hyperfractionated or accelerated regimens alone. The key challenge now is to optimize the synergism of these regimens in order to increase their therapeutic ratio in terms of both local-regional and systemic outcomes. This review is a critical appraisal of the real opportunities offered by the application of treatments aimed at increasing the dose intensity of radiotherapy delivered concurrently with cytotoxic drugs
SN  - 1743-4254
AV  - San Giovanni Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Oncol Inst So Switzerland, CH-6504 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000231746200011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2284
T1  - Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide 1621
A1  - Berry,C.
A1  - Touyz,R.
A1  - Dominiczak,A.F.
A1  - Webb,R.C.
A1  - Johns,D.G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Berry, C, Univ Glasgow, Western Infirm, Dept Med & Therapeut, 44 Church St, Glasgow G11 6NT, Lanark, Scotland 343 41 AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC BETHESDA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA AMER J PHYSIOL-HEART CIRC PHY DEC Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease 492EV
KW  - ACID
KW  - ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE
KW  - ACTIVATION
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - ANG-II
KW  - angiotensin receptor antagonist
KW  - ANGIOTENSIN-II
KW  - CA2+
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - CELL
KW  - CELL-DEATH
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - coronary heart disease
KW  - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW  - cytokine
KW  - Death
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - effort
KW  - ELICIT
KW  - English
KW  - FOCAL ADHESION KINASE
KW  - GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR
KW  - health
KW  - HEART
KW  - heart disease
KW  - HEART-DISEASE
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - II TYPE-2 RECEPTOR
KW  - INHIBITOR
KW  - INHIBITORS
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Lipid
KW  - Literature
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION
KW  - metabolism
KW  - METABOLITES
KW  - NF-KAPPA-B
KW  - Nitric Oxide
KW  - NITRIC-OXIDE
KW  - On
KW  - OXIDE
KW  - PART
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - PATHWAY
KW  - PATHWAYS
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - Protein
KW  - RECEPTOR SUBTYPES
KW  - RECEPTORS
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - renin-angiotensin system
KW  - Retention
KW  - Review
KW  - Scotland
KW  - second messenger
KW  - signaling
KW  - SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS
KW  - species
KW  - SPHINGOLIPID BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS
KW  - STIMULATION
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TALK
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR
KW  - TYROSINE KINASE-SHC-GRB2-SOS PATHWAY
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - varieties
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - WATER
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - H2337
EP  - H2365
JF  - American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
VL  - 281
IS  - 6
N2  - Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a pleiotropic vasoactive peptide that binds to two distinct receptors: the ANG II type 1 (AT(1)) and type 2 (AT(2)) receptors. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) results in vascular hypertrophy, vasoconstriction, salt and water retention, and hypertension. These effects are mediated predominantly by AT(1) receptors. Paradoxically, other ANG II-mediated effects, including cell death, vasodilation, and natriuresis, are mediated by AT(2) receptor activation. Our understanding of ANG II signaling mechanisms remains incomplete. AT(1) receptor activation triggers a variety of intracellular systems, including tyrosine kinase-induced protein phosphorylation, production of arachidonic acid metabolites, alteration of reactive oxidant species activities, and fluxes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. AT(2) receptor activation leads to stimulation of bradykinin, nitric oxide production, and prostaglandin metabolism, which are, in large part, opposite to the effects of the AT(1) receptor. The signaling pathways of ANG II receptor activation are a focus of intense investigative effort. We critically appraise the literature on the signaling mechanisms whereby AT(1) and AT(2) receptors elicit their respective actions. We also consider the recently reported interaction between ANG II and ceramide, a lipid second messenger that mediates cytokine receptor activation. Finally, we discuss the potential physiological cross talk that may be operative between the angiotensin receptor subtypes in relation to health and cardiovascular disease. This may be clinically relevant, inasmuch as inhibitors of the RAS are increasingly used in treatment of hypertension and coronary heart disease, where activation of the RAS is recognized
SN  - 0363-6135
AV  - Univ Glasgow, Western Infirm, Dept Med & Therapeut, Glasgow G11 6NT, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Montreal, Clin Res Inst Montreal, Lab Expt Hypertens, Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7, Canada. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Physiol & Endocrinol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
UR  - ISI:000172156200012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2285
T1  - Early and late effects of radiation treatment for prevention of coronary restenosis: a critical appraisal 2069
A1  - Bertrand,O.F.
A1  - Lehnert,S.
A1  - Mongrain,R.
A1  - Bourassa,M.G.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Review Bertrand, OF, Montreal Heart Inst, Res Ctr, Belanger 5000, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada 46 8 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND HEART DEC Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 261WZ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES
KW  - BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY
KW  - Canada
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CELL-PROLIFERATION
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - GROWTH-FACTOR
KW  - HEART
KW  - IN-STENT RESTENOSIS
KW  - INDUCED APOPTOSIS
KW  - INTRACORONARY IRRADIATION
KW  - INTRAVASCULAR IRRADIATION
KW  - IONIZING-RADIATION
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA
KW  - Prevention
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - Review
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 658
EP  - 662
JF  - Heart
VL  - 82
IS  - 6
SN  - 1355-6037
AV  - Montreal Heart Inst, Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada. McGill Univ, Div Expt Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. McGill Univ, Div Radiat Oncol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000084034600008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2286
T1  - Health information needs of visually impaired people: a systematic review of the literature 1097
A1  - Beverley,C.A.
A1  - Bath,P.A.
A1  - Booth,A.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Beverley, CA, Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Informat Resources Sect, Regent Court,30 Regent St, Sheffield S1 4DA, S Yorkshire, England 61 2 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND HEALTH SOC CARE COMMUNITY JAN Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work 753YE
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CARE
KW  - Checklist
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - content
KW  - Coping
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - dissemination
KW  - drug labelling
KW  - empirical studies
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GAP
KW  - health
KW  - health information
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Health Service
KW  - health service needs and demand
KW  - Health Services
KW  - HEALTHY
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPAIRMENT
KW  - IMPAIRMENTS
KW  - inclusion
KW  - INEQUALITIES
KW  - inequality
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Into
KW  - Letter
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Literature
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - method
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - RESEARCHED OPINIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - Review Literature
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Social Care
KW  - Social Work
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - timing
KW  - Training
KW  - Visual Impairment
KW  - visually impaired persons
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
JF  - Health & Social Care in the Community
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
N2  - Access to, and provision of, information is key to reducing health inequalities in health and social care. However, information is not always accessible and does not always meet the needs of specific groups. One such group is people who are visually impaired. The aim of the present study was to identify the health information needs of visually impaired people, and highlight major gaps in the literature. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken following, where possible, the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination framework. Modifications included the sources searched, the critical appraisal checklist used (Critical Skills Training in Appraisal for Librarians) and the method of data synthesis. Out of the 1114 references identified, only 16 met the inclusion criteria. Quality of reporting of the literature was poor, and this must be taken into consideration when interpreting the findings of this review. The majority of studies were concerned with information for healthy living (e.g. health promotion). The focus of the remaining studies was on information about visual impairment or coping with visual impairment, and about accessing health services (e.g. medication labels and appointment letters). The majority of studies conducted to date have concentrated on the format of information. There are surprisingly few empirical studies which have examined the health information needs of this group. A number of gaps in the literature have been identified. These relate to the types of health information, non-format aspects of information (e.g. content and timing), sources of health and social care information, treating visually impaired people as a heterogeneous group, and recognising the value of actively involving visually impaired people in the research process. Although this review has identified a number of implications for practice, the paucity of evidence places a heavier onus on future research. Visually impaired people are likely to have unique health and social care information needs which are worthy of exploration in their own right
SN  - 0966-0410
AV  - Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Informat Resources Sect, Sheffield S1 4DA, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Informat Studies, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
UR  - ISI:000187275300001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2287
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in a nutshell - A guide to finding and using the best evidence in caring for patients 2266
A1  - Bigby,M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Bigby, M, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA mbigby@bidmc.harvard.edu 79 27 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH DERMATOL DEC Discipline: Dermatology 149TP
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARCH
KW  - CARE
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL QUESTIONS
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Computer
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - hierarchy of evidence
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - individual patients
KW  - intervention
KW  - Israel
KW  - limitations
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - MEDICAL-CARE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - On
KW  - ONYCHOMYCOSIS
KW  - ORAL TERBINAFINE
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSONAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Recognition
KW  - Registries
KW  - REGISTRY
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Searching
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Software
KW  - STATE
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TOENAIL TINEA INFECTION
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1609
EP  - 1618
JF  - Archives of Dermatology
VL  - 134
IS  - 12
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is the use of the best current evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Practicing EBM requires recognition that in most encounters with patients, questions arise that should be answered to provide the patient with the best available medical care. Asking well-built clinical questions that contain 4 elements-a patient or problem, an intervention, a comparison intervention (if necessary), and an outcome-is an important step in practicing EBM. Once appropriate questions have been formulated, the best source for finding most types of best evidence is by searching the MEDLINE database by computer. MEDLINE searches have inherent software and operator limitations that make their reliability quite variable. One should be aware of these limitations and improve one's skills in searching. The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Clinical Trials Registry contains more than 190 000 controlled clinical trials and is the best source of evidence about treatment. The quality (strength) of evidence is based on a hierarchy of evidence: results of systematic reviews of well-designed clinical studies, results of 1 or more well-designed clinical studies, results of large case series, expert opinion, and personal experience. Once the best evidence has been found, the EBM approach involves critically appraising the quality of the evidence, determining its magnitude and precision, and applying it to the specific patient. Guidelines to critically appraise and apply evidence are available. The clinical question, best evidence, and its critical appraisal should be saved in a format that can be easily retrieved for future use
SN  - 0003-987X
AV  - Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Cutaneous Biol Res Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
UR  - ISI:000077622100018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2288
T1  - Effects of continuing medical education on improving physician clinical care and patient health: A review of systematic reviews 602
A1  - Bloom,B.S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Bloom, BS, Univ Penn, Dept Med, 3615 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA bsbloom@mail.med.upenn.edu 41 7 CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS NEW YORK 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA INT J TECHNOL ASSESS HEALTH C SUM Discipline: Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics 952RX
KW  - And
KW  - Behavior
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CME
KW  - continuing medical education
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health outcome
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - implementation
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Leaders
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Informatics
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Objectives
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - PATIENT OUTCOMES
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - physician education
KW  - population health
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - quality
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - SPECTRUM
KW  - strategies
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - TOOL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 380
EP  - 385
JF  - International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.Vol.22(3)()(pp 327-337), 2006.
J1  - International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
N2  - Objectives: The objective of physician continuing medical education (CME) is to help them keep abreast of advances in patient care, to accept new more-beneficial care, and discontinue use of existing lower-benefit diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The goal of this review was to examine effectiveness of current CME tools and techniques in changing physician clinical practices and improving patient health outcomes. Methods: Results of published systematic reviews were examined to determine the spectrum from most- to least-effective CME techniques. We searched multiple databases, from 1 January 1984 to 30 October 2004, for English-language, peer-reviewed meta-analyses and other systematic reviews of CME programs that alter physician behavior and/or patient outcomes. Results: Twenty-six reviews met inclusion criteria, that is, were either formal meta-analyses or other systematic reviews. Interactive techniques (audit/feedback, academic detailing/outreach, and reminders) are the most effective at simultaneously changing physician care and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines and opinion leaders are less effective. Didactic presentations and distributing printed information only have little or no beneficial effect in changing physician practice. Conclusions: Even though the most-effective CME techniques have been proven, use of least-effective ones predominates. Such use of ineffective CME likely reduces patient care quality and raises costs for all, the worst of both worlds
SN  - 0266-4623
AV  - Univ Penn, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
UR  - ISI:000231024300013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2289
T1  - The treatment of postnatal depression: a comprehensive literature review 1632
A1  - Boath,E.
A1  - Henshaw,C.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Boath, E, Staffordshire Univ, Sch Hlth, Ctr Hlth Policy & Practice, Blackheath Lane, Stafford ST18 OAD, England 140 17 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND J REPROD INFANT PSYCHOL AUG Discipline: Psychology, Multidisciplinary 473BZ
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - combined
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal criteria
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - definition
KW  - Depression
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Estrogen
KW  - evidence
KW  - GROUP-PSYCHOTHERAPY
KW  - Human
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IF
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Infant
KW  - Language
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - MATERNITY BLUES
KW  - Medline
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - POSTNATAL DEPRESSION
KW  - postpartum
KW  - POSTPARTUM MOOD DISORDERS
KW  - practice
KW  - Prevention
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - PSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW
KW  - psychology
KW  - PSYCHOSIS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Puerperal Psychosis
KW  - READ
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - relaxation
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - Social Support
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT GUIDELINES
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - WORD
KW  - words
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 215
EP  - 248
JF  - Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
N2  - The aim of this comprehensive review was to identify and critically review all published studies of the treatment of postnatal depression, including those who would be excluded from systematic reviews because of their stringent inclusion criteria. A search of the electronic databases Medline, PsychLit, Sociofile, CINAHL, COPAC and that of published books held by the British Library was carried out in 2000, using the key words: postnatal depression; postpartum depression; puerperal depression; and treatment. The search strategy was limited to English language references using human subjects from 1964 to 2000. A very broad definition of postnatal depression was used and papers were included if they had clearly defined their main purpose as the treatment, as opposed to the prevention, of postnatal depression. Studies of postpartum blues and puerperal psychosis were excluded. This search strategy identified 30 articles. Copies of relevant papers were obtained and the authors independently read and critiqued the published articles using critical appraisal criteria designed specifically for this narrative review. The reviews were combined, clarification was sought from authors and disagreements were discussed until agreement was reached. Treatment approaches were categorized as: pharmacological; psychological & psychodynamic; pharmacological & psychological; social support & relaxation; and hormonal. The methodological limitations of these studies means that the efficacy of these treatment approaches have not been clearly established and there is very little good evidence available on which to make policy or practice recommendations; thus, further work in this area is warranted
SN  - 0264-6838
AV  - Staffordshire Univ, Sch Hlth, Ctr Hlth Policy & Practice, Stafford ST18 OAD, England.
UR  - ISI:000171020700005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2290
T1  - Are predictive factors clinically useful in bone marrow transplantation? 1139
A1  - Bolwell,B.J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Bolwell, BJ, Cleveland Clin Fdn, Taussig Canc Ctr, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, 9500 Euclid Ave,Desk R32, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA 76 11 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT NOV Discipline: Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation 733NW
KW  - ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA
KW  - ACUTE NONLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
KW  - Age
KW  - And
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - BLOOD PROGENITOR-CELL
KW  - BONE
KW  - Bone Marrow
KW  - bone marrow transplant
KW  - Bone Marrow Transplantation
KW  - BONE-MARROW
KW  - BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION
KW  - cardiac
KW  - CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
KW  - CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical outcome
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Contrast
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - EARLY LYMPHOCYTE RECOVERY
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FIRST COMPLETE REMISSION
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Oncology
KW  - outcome
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - practice
KW  - predictive factors
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Publishing
KW  - PULMONARY-FUNCTION
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION
KW  - transplantation
KW  - USA
KW  - VARIABLES
KW  - VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
KW  - VERSUS-HOST DISEASE
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 853
EP  - 861
JF  - Bone Marrow Transplantation
VL  - 32
IS  - 9
N2  - Variables that accurately predict the clinical outcome of any procedure, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT), are of paramount importance when assessing the risks and benefits of the procedure. This review of the world's literature of variables affecting overall outcome after myeloablative BMT critically appraises the value of many bone marrow transplant dogmas. There is a relative paucity of data supporting many commonly used transplant practices, including having an upper age limit for eligibility criteria, and absolute requirements for cardiac and pulmonary function pre transplant. In contrast, recently published literature suggests that several parameters occurring soon after a BMT has been performed may accurately predict transplant outcome. Ultimately, given the rapidly evolving nature of BMT, renewed clinical research of variables predictive of transplant outcome is needed
SN  - 0268-3369
AV  - Cleveland Clin Fdn, Taussig Canc Ctr, Dept Hematol & Med Oncol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.
UR  - ISI:000186008400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2291
T1  - A review of the MAFF Optimal Nutrition Status research programme: folate, iron and copper 1463
A1  - Buttriss,J.
A1  - Hughes,J.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Buttriss, J, British Nutr Fdn, 52-54 High Holborn, London WC1V 6RQ, England 80 2 C A B I PUBLISHING WALLINGFORD C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR AUG Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics 578WF
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - ACID
KW  - ADVISER
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASCORBIC-ACID
KW  - assessment
KW  - BODY IRON
KW  - CO-SUPPLEMENTATION
KW  - context
KW  - Copper
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal of research
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - DIETARY
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - discipline
KW  - effort
KW  - ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - folate
KW  - Government
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Information
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - international
KW  - Iron
KW  - London
KW  - markers
KW  - metabolism
KW  - micronutrients
KW  - NEED
KW  - Nutrient
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - optimal nutrition status
KW  - Paper
KW  - PLACE
KW  - PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - progress
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - research priorities
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - SERUM
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - UK
KW  - understanding
KW  - UNMETABOLIZED FOLIC-ACID
KW  - WILL
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 595
EP  - 612
JF  - Public Health Nutrition.Vol.7(1 A)()(pp 167-186), 2004.
J1  - Public Health Nutrition
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: The objective was to conduct a critical appraisal of research conducted within one of the UK government's research programmes, Optimal Nutrition Status, and to place the findings of this work in the context of the international research effort, to assist policy makers and advisers. Nine nutrients are addressed within the programme; the findings for three of these are reported here: folate/folic acid, iron and copper. Design: To conduct the review, the researchers had access to all unpublished progress reports, submitted to officials, arising from the projects. The overall assessment criterion was whether the information generated by the research programme could be regarded as reliable experimental data of direct relevance to setting optimal dietary requirements for the particular micronutrients. However, findings were also assessed against specific scientific criteria concerning understanding of the bioavailability, interactions, development of functional markers and inter-individual variations in metabolism, for each of the nutrients scrutinised. Results: The results of the review indicated that many important questions are indeed being addressed by the UK government's research programme, and that the work is contributing to the overall research effort being conducted world-wide on this important subject. Conclusions: Many major questions still need to be addressed before it will be possible to identify optimal intakes for various sub-populations. These priorities are summarised in the paper
SN  - 1368-9800
AV  - British Nutr Fdn, London WC1V 6RQ, England.
UR  - ISI:000177143500011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2292
T1  - Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome 1212
A1  - Bizzini,M.
A1  - Childs,J.D.
A1  - Piva,S.R.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Childs, JD, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Med Wing, Phys Therapy Element MMKPP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA 76 14 J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS LAWRENCE 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS THERAPY JAN Discipline: Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences 702GN
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accountability
KW  - Acupuncture
KW  - alliance
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN
KW  - AREA
KW  - Bias
KW  - blinding
KW  - Child
KW  - CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical decision-making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - Communication
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CURRENT ISSUES
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Disorders
KW  - dissemination
KW  - DURATION
KW  - effort
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Exercise
KW  - EXERCISE PROGRAM
KW  - EXERCISES
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - foot
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN POLYSULFATE
KW  - grading
KW  - handbook
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - interpretation
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Therapy
KW  - PHYSICAL-THERAPY
KW  - PILOT
KW  - practice
KW  - premature
KW  - principles
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - QUADRICEPS MUSCLES
KW  - qualitative
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - Randomization
KW  - randomized
KW  - randomized clinical trial
KW  - randomized clinical trials
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - research process
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Science
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - Sport
KW  - Standardization
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 20
JF  - Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.Vol.36(6)()(pp 385-402), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
N2  - Study Design: Systematic review of the literature. Objectives: To develop a grading scale to judge the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and conduct a systematic review of the published RCTs that assess nonoperative treatments for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Background: Systematic reviews of the quality and usefulness of clinical trials allow for efficient synthesis and dissemination of the literature, which should facilitate clinicians' efforts to incorporate principles of evidence-based practice in the clinical decision-making process. Methods and Measures: Using a scale based on criteria in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, we sought to critically appraise the methodology used in RCTs related to the nonoperative management of PFPS, synthesize and interpret our results, and report our findings in a user-friendly fashion. A scale to assess the methodological quality of trials was designed and pilot tested for its content and reliability. Published RCTs identified during a literature search were then selected and rated by 6 raters. We used predefined cutoff scores to identify specific weaknesses in the clinical research process that need to be improved in future clinical trials. Results: The quality scale we developed was demonstrated to be sufficiently reliable to warrant interpretation of the reviewers' findings. The percentage of trials that met a minimum level of quality for each specific criterion ranged from a low of 25% for the adequacy of the description of the randomization procedure to a high of 95% for the description and standardization of the intervention. Conclusions: Based on the results of trials exhibiting a sufficient level of quality, treatments that were effective in decreasing pain and improving function in patients with PFPS were acupuncture, quadriceps strengthening, the use of a resistive brace, and the combination of exercises with patellar taping and biofeedback. The use of soft foot orthotics in patients with excessive foot pronation appeared useful in decreasing pain. In addition, at a short-term follow-up, patients who received exercise programs were discharged earlier from physical therapy. Unfortunately, most RCTs reviewed contained qualitative flaws that bring the validity of the results into question, thus diminishing the ability to generalize the results to clinical practice. These flaws were primarily in the areas of randomization procedures, duration of follow-up, control of cointerventions, assurance of blinding, accountability and proper analysis of dropouts, number of subjects, and the relevance of outcomes. Also, given the limited number of high-quality clinical trials, recommendations about supporting or refuting specific treatment approaches may be premature and can only be made with caution
SN  - 0190-6011
AV  - Schulthess Clin, Dept Phys Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, USAF, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Med Wing, Phys Therapy Element MMKPP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA.
UR  - ISI:000184216300002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2293
T1  - der(8)t(1;8) in myeloblastic transformation of ET with hydroxyurea as the sole prior treatment 487
A1  - Chim,C.S.
A1  - Ma,S.K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Chim, CS, Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China jcschim@hkucc.hku.hk 19 0 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD CHICHESTER THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND HEMATOL ONCOL JUN Discipline: Oncology; Hematology 994PV
KW  - ACTUARIAL PROBABILITY
KW  - ACUTE-LEUKEMIA
KW  - And
KW  - China
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Copyright
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - essential thrombocythemia
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - hydroxyurea
KW  - Into
KW  - leukemic transformation
KW  - myelofibrosis
KW  - MYELOID METAPLASIA
KW  - MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
KW  - Oncology
KW  - Patient
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - PHASE
KW  - POLYCYTHEMIA-VERA
KW  - PROGRESSION
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 57
EP  - 60
JF  - Hematological Oncology
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
N2  - We described a patient with ET that evolved into MF and then subsequently developed myeloblastic transformation. A novel derivative chromosome der(8)t(1;8) was identified in the AML phase. The only prior treatment had been hydroxyurea. We hypothesized that AML in this case resulted from a complex pre-disposition by the natural progression of ET, prolonged use of HU, and the prior evolution into ME The leukemogenic risk of HU is critically appraised. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
SN  - 0278-0232
AV  - Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Pathol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
UR  - ISI:000234044600003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2294
T1  - Treatment of lichen planus - An evidence-based medicine analysis of efficacy 2265
A1  - Cribier,B.
A1  - Frances,C.
A1  - Chosidow,O.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Chosidow, O, 47-83 Blvd Hop, F-75651 Paris 13, France olivier.chosidow@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr 152 41 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH DERMATOL DEC Discipline: Dermatology 149TP
KW  - ACITRETIN
KW  - ADHESIVE BASE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Biosis
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - COMBINATION THERAPY
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - corticosteroids
KW  - CYCLOSPORINE
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - DRAMATIC RESPONSE
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Error
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experts
KW  - FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - MODERATE
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - OPEN TRIAL
KW  - ORAL VESICULOEROSIVE DISEASES
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSONAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - physical
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - RETINOID RO 10-9359
KW  - Review
KW  - SERIES
KW  - STATE
KW  - systemic
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TOPICAL CYCLOSPORINE RINSE
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1521
EP  - 1530
JF  - Archives of Dermatology
VL  - 134
IS  - 12
N2  - Objective: To critically appraise the body of literature concerning treatment of lichen planus (LP). Design: Review of MEDLINE and BIOSIS databases to identify articles published with at least an English abstract before March 1998 that examined treatment of LP. Main Outcome Measures: Forming a primary database on which most recommendations are based. We thus selected 83 clinical trials or small series of patients in the medical literature that referenced clinical data on patients treated for LP. Results: There are no large randomized trials with definitive results in the medical literature examining the efficacy of the various drugs or physical treatments of LP. There are only 3 levelB trials (small randomized trials with uncertain results because of moderate to high alpha or beta error) that address efficacy of treatment in LP, ie, I with acitretin in cutaneous LP and 2 with topical corticosteroids in mucosal LP. The remainder of the published trials are observational and are not always prospective. Many of the recommendations of the experts are based on their personal experience. Conclusions: Although LP may be associated with substantial morbidity and altered quality of life, especially the erosive mucosal LP, definitive clinical trials have not been performed. Acitretin is the first-line therapy in cutaneous LP. The efficacy of systemic corticosteroids and psoralen plus UV-A therapy has not been established with a high level of proof. Topical corticosteroids are the first-line therapy in mucosal erosive LP. Other treatments, such as topical cyclosporine or extracorporeal photochemotherapy, remain to be evaluated. European-US cooperation is warranted to perform large randomized controlled trials in cutaneous and mucosal LP
SN  - 0003-987X
AV  - Hop Univ Strasbourg, Dermatol Clin, Strasbourg, France. Grp Hosp Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Internal Med, F-75634 Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000077622100005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2295
T1  - Principles of evidence-based management using stage I-II melanoma as a model 1381
A1  - Chuang,T.Y.
A1  - Brashear,R.
A1  - Wagner,J.D.
A1  - Farmer,E.R.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Chuang, TY, Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Sch Med, UH 3240,550 N Univ Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA 41 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND INT J DERMATOL NOV Discipline: Dermatology 620TC
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Awareness
KW  - Canada
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - expertise
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Indiana
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LYMPH-NODE BIOPSY
KW  - Management
KW  - McMaster University
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - NARROW EXCISION
KW  - NEED
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - practice
KW  - PREDICTING 10-YEAR SURVIVAL
KW  - principles
KW  - PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - RANDOMIZED SURGICAL TRIAL
KW  - Research
KW  - RESECTION MARGINS
KW  - Review
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search Engine
KW  - Search Engines
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STAGE
KW  - TERM
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 721
EP  - 728
JF  - International Journal of Dermatology
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
N2  - Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) is the practice of integrating best research evidence with clinical expertise and patent values. (I) The term, Evidence-Based Medicine, was named in 1992 by a group led by Gordon Guyatt at McMaster University in Canada. The practice of EBM arose from the awareness of: 1 the daily need for valid information pertinent to clinical practice; 2 the inadequacy of traditional sources, like textbooks, for such information; 3 the disparity between clinical enhancing skills and declining up-to-date knowledge and eventually, clinical performance; and 4 the inability to spend more time in finding and assimilating evidence pertinent to clinical practice. EBM simply emphasizes three As: Access, Appraisal and Application. Access requires refining a clinical question into a searchable term and an answerable question and using search engines to track down the information. Appraisal is using epidemiological principles and methods to critically review evidence for its validity and applicability. Application is integrating the critically appraised evidence with clinical expertise and each patient's unique situation. The outcomes following such practices are then assayed. The last step involves evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency in executing the first two As and seeking ways for improvement. In this article, we describe the concept and steps of practising EBM and utilize melanoma as an example to illustrate how we integrate the best evidence to outline the management plan for stage I-II melanoma
SN  - 0011-9059
AV  - Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg,Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg,Div Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Richard L Roudebush Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dermatol Sect, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
UR  - ISI:000179547700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2296
T1  - The relationship between prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral deficits: A critical appraisal 948
A1  - Cicchetti,D.V.
A1  - Kaufman,A.S.
A1  - Sparrow,S.S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Cicchetti, DV, Yale Home Off, 94 Linsley Lake Rd, N Branford, CT 06471 USA dom.ciechetti@yale.edu 132 12 JOHN WILEY & SONS INC HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA PSYCHOL SCH JUL Discipline: Psychology, Educational 834ER
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Affect
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPROPRIATENESS
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - CHANCE
KW  - children
KW  - CHILDRENS INTELLIGENCE
KW  - cognitive
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Confounding Variable
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CT
KW  - data
KW  - DEFICITS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY
KW  - DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DUTCH CHILDREN
KW  - English
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Exposure
KW  - GREAT-LAKES FISH
KW  - Home
KW  - Infant
KW  - INFANTS
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - Interrater Reliability
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE
KW  - Literature
KW  - Michigan
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - MULTIPLE COMPARISON METHODS
KW  - NEED
KW  - NEONATE
KW  - NORTH
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - On
KW  - PCBs
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS
KW  - psychology
KW  - RECOGNITION MEMORY
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - RESEARCH DESIGNS
KW  - Review
KW  - RIVER
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
KW  - VARIABLES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 589
EP  - 624
JF  - Psychology in the Schools
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
N2  - Our purpose in this report is to evaluate scientifically that body of literature relating the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) upon neurobehavioral, health-related, and cognitive deficits in neonates, developing infants, children, and adults. The data derive from seven cohorts: six cohorts of mothers and their offspring who were exposed to PCBs, and one composed of adults who were also exposed to PCBs. We applied six fundamental sets of scientific criteria to evaluate the claims of each study deriving from each cohort: (1) The level of reliability and validity of assessment instruments; (2) The appropriateness of the reliability assessments made on study variables; (3) The adequacy of controlling for chance findings when multiple comparisons were made; (4) The necessity to distinguish between clinically meaningful and statistically significant results; (5) The level of success in controlling for fundamental confounding variables, and: (6) The extent to which studies were longitudinally designed and appropriately analyzed. We conclude that the studies of these cohorts failed to meet reasonable scientific standards. Studies deriving from the more recent cohorts used better research designs than those based on the early (about 1980) cohorts in Michigan and North Carolina, and produced occasional interesting hypotheses that need to be tested on new cohorts. However, the numerous claims and conclusions regarding the deleterious effects of maternal PCB exposure upon subsequent cognitive, neuropsychological, and behavioral development in their offspring, whether the exposure is in utero or postnatal, are not tenable; nor are the claims that PCBs affect the neuropsychological functioning of adults. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
SN  - 0033-3085
AV  - Yale Univ, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
UR  - ISI:000222394900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2297
T1  - Research on the drug treatment of schizophrenia: A critical appraisal and implications for social work education 1507
A1  - Cohen,D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Cohen, D, Florida Int Univ, Sch Social Work, Univ Pk ECS-460, Miami, FL 33119 USA 106 4 COUNC SOC WORK EDUC ALEXANDRIA 1600 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA J SOC WORK EDUC SPR-SUM Discipline: Education & Educational Research; Social Work 553QG
KW  - And
KW  - antipsychotic
KW  - ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CLOZAPINE WITHDRAWAL
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - drug treatment
KW  - DRUG-TREATMENT
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - English
KW  - Florida
KW  - Haloperidol
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - justification
KW  - MAINTENANCE TREATMENT
KW  - method
KW  - NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME
KW  - NEUROLEPTICS
KW  - OLANZAPINE
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - psychopharmacology
KW  - Psychopharmacotherapy
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - SCIENTIFIC METHOD
KW  - Social Work
KW  - Social Work Education
KW  - social work educators
KW  - SOCIAL-WORK
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUPERSENSITIVITY PSYCHOSIS
KW  - TARDIVE-DYSKINESIA
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 217
EP  - 239
JF  - Journal of Social Work Education
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
N2  - Social work authors have presented superficial appraisals of atypical neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs used to treat schizophrenia. This article presents a critical overview of clinical trials and research strategies involving conventional and atypical drugs. It identifies 14 distinct methodological and conceptual failings and neglected research directions. These flaws raise serious doubts about the scientific justifications for the widespread use of neuroleptics. Implications for a critical social work education stance about psychopharmacology are discussed. Findings from psychopharmacotherapy studies cannot be taken at face value: social work educators must scrutinize the adherence of the research enterprise to the scientific method and situate its findings in their historical, ideological, and political-economic contexts
SN  - 1043-7797
AV  - Florida Int Univ, Sch Social Work, Miami, FL 33119 USA.
UR  - ISI:000175686500002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2298
T1  - Postischemic hypothermia - A critical appraisal with implications for clinical treatment 2526
A1  - Colbourne,F.
A1  - Sutherland,G.
A1  - Corbett,D.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Review Colbourne, F, UNIV CALGARY,FAC MED,DEPT CLIN NEUROSCI,CALGARY,AB T2N 4N1,CANADA 289 122 HUMANA PRESS INC TOTOWA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 MOL NEUROBIOL JUN Discipline: Neurosciences XT887
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BRAIN TEMPERATURE MODULATION
KW  - CA1,memory
KW  - cerebral
KW  - CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION
KW  - clinical
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Cooling
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DAMAGE
KW  - data
KW  - DELAY
KW  - DELAYED NEURONAL DEATH
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Therapy
KW  - DRUG-THERAPY
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - experiments
KW  - GERBIL HIPPOCAMPUS
KW  - Hypothermia
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - Into
KW  - Ischemia
KW  - LEAD
KW  - maturation phenomenon
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - MILD
KW  - MILD HYPOTHERMIA
KW  - MILD INTRAISCHEMIC HYPOTHERMIA
KW  - Neuroprotection
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERMANENT FOCAL ISCHEMIA
KW  - postischemic hypothermia
KW  - PROTEIN-KINASE-C
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - rodent
KW  - skepticism
KW  - SPATIAL COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
KW  - SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
KW  - Stroke
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Temperature
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRANSIENT FOREBRAIN ISCHEMIA
KW  - Treatment
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 171
EP  - 201
JF  - Molecular Neurobiology
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
N2  - The use of hypothermia to mitigate cerebral ischemic injury is not new. From early studies, it has been clear that cooling is remarkably neuroprotective when applied during global or focal ischemia. In contrast, the value of postischemic cooling is typically viewed with skepticism because of early clinical difficulties and conflicting animal data. However, more recent rodent experiments have shown that a protracted reduction in temperature of only a few degrees Celsius can provide sustained behavioral and histological neuroprotection. Conversely, brief or very mild hypothermia may only delay neuronal damage. Accordingly, protracted hypothermia of 32-34 degrees C may be beneficial following acute clinical stroke. A thorough mechanistic understanding of postischemic hypothermia would lead to a more selective and effective therapy. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated the mechanisms by which postischemic cooling conveys its beneficial effect. The purpose of this article is to evaluate critically the effects of postischemic temperature changes with a comparison to some current drug therapies. This article will stimulate new research into the mechanisms of lengthy postischemic hypothermia and its potential as a therapy for stroke patients
SN  - 0893-7648
AV  - MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,FAC MED,DEPT BASIC MED SCI,ST JOHNS,NF A1C 5S7,CANADA.
UR  - ISI:A1997XT88700003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2299
T1  - Measuring effectiveness of dietetic interventions in child obesity - A systematic review of randomized trials 213
A1  - Collins,C.E.
A1  - Warren,J.
A1  - Neve,M.
A1  - McCoy,P.
A1  - Stokes,B.J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Collins, CE, Univ Newcastle, Sch Hlth Sci, Mail Box 38,Hunter Bldg, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia clare.collins@newcastle.edu.au 56 0 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA ARCH PEDIATR ADOLESC MED SEP Discipline: Pediatrics 080GB
KW  - ADOLESCENT OBESITY
KW  - Age
KW  - And
KW  - ARCH
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Australia
KW  - BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT
KW  - BLOOD-PRESSURE
KW  - BODY-COMPOSITION
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood
KW  - childhood obesity
KW  - children
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - COMBINATIONS
KW  - control
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIETARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - extraction
KW  - FAMILY-BASED TREATMENT
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FOOD
KW  - Food Intake
KW  - health
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Lifestyle
KW  - LOSSES
KW  - Mail
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - Model
KW  - NEED
KW  - OBESE CHILDREN
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS
KW  - pediatric
KW  - PEDIATRIC OBESITY
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - PEOPLE
KW  - person
KW  - Population
KW  - power
KW  - quality
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - STATE
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT STRATEGIES
KW  - treatment strategy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - WEIGHT
KW  - Weight Loss
KW  - WEIGHT-LOSS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 906
EP  - 922
JF  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.2005 Aug; 159(8): 787-8.(9 ref)
J1  - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
VL  - 160
IS  - 9
N2  - Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of dietetic treatment for obese children and to report details of dietary interventions. Data Sources: English-language articles from 1975 to 2003 available from health and medical databases. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials with subjects younger than 18 years of age that included a dietary intervention in isolation or in combination with lifestyle modifications and/or psychological therapies. One person searched the databases; 2 people independently critically appraised the articles for methodological quality and then extracted data using standardized tools. Data Extraction: Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria; 17 contained sufficient information for a Forest plot of the standardized effects. Eight studies had a true control and were included in a meta-analysis. The random effects model was reported if the Q noncombinability x(2) statistic was significant at the 10% level because it has low power as a strict test of homogeneity. Data Synthesis: The 2 strongly qualified meta-analyses suggest that interventions that include a dietary treatment do achieve relative weight loss. Details of the dietary intervention or participant food intake are rarely described. Conclusions: It is not possible to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary treatment for childhood obesity because of the lack of high-quality studies and the heterogeneity of designs, treatment combinations, outcome measures, and follow-up. There is an urgent need to improve the quality of studies in this area because childhood obesity poses major health risks for populations, yet there is limited evidence on which to base treatment strategies
SN  - 1072-4710
AV  - Univ Newcastle, Sch Hlth Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Univ Newcastle, Discipline Clin Pharmacol, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. Food & Nutr Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000240234800008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2300
T1  - An integrative review of Canadian childhood obesity prevention programmes 51
A1  - Conroy,S.
A1  - Ellis,R.
A1  - Murray,C.
A1  - Chaw-Kant,J.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Review Conroy, S, Univ Alberta, Fac Nursing, UEC 6-55E, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada sherrill.conroy@ualberta.ca 50 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND OBES REV JAN Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 131AU
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - Alberta
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BIRTH-WEIGHT
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Childhood
KW  - childhood obesity
KW  - children
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - diabetes
KW  - DIABETES-MELLITUS
KW  - DIETARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - effort
KW  - Embase
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - GESTATION
KW  - health
KW  - Health Education
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - HEALTH-EDUCATION
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Infancy
KW  - integrative review
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Literature
KW  - LOW-INCOME
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mesh Heading
KW  - metabolism
KW  - NEED
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Obesity
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - OLDER
KW  - outcome
KW  - OVERWEIGHT
KW  - perinatal
KW  - Perinatal Period
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - PILOT
KW  - Population
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Outcome
KW  - Prenatal Care
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Psycinfo
KW  - Publishing
KW  - PubMed
KW  - Register
KW  - RETARDED FETAL-GROWTH
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - Science
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Sport
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - Term Birth
KW  - testing
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - URBAN
KW  - Use
KW  - Web
KW  - Web of Science
KW  - WEIGHT-GAIN
KW  - YOUNG-CHILDREN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 61
EP  - 67
JF  - Obesity Reviews.Vol.8(1)()(pp 61-67), 2007.
J1  - Obesity Reviews
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
N2  - To examine successful Canadian nursing and health promotion intervention programmes for childhood obesity prevention during gestation and infancy, an integrative review was performed of the literature from 1980 to September 2005. The following databases were used: PubMed; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Controlled Trials Register; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; ACP journal Club; MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Scopus; Sociological Abstracts; Sport Discus; PsycInfo; ERIC and HealthStar. MeSH headings included: infancy (0-24 months), gestation, gestational diabetes, nutrition, prenatal care, pregnancy, health education, pregnancy outcome, dietary services with limits of Canadian, term birth. Of 2028 articles found, six Canadian childhood obesity prevention programmes implemented during gestation and/or infancy were found; three addressed gestational diabetes with five targeting low-income Canadian urban and/or Aboriginal populations. No intervention programmes specifically aimed to prevent childhood obesity during gestation or infancy. This paucity suggests that such a programme would be innovative and much needed in an effort to stem the alarming increase in obesity in children adults. Any attempts either to develop new approaches or to replicate interventions used with obese adults or even older children need careful evaluation and pilot testing prior to sustained use within the perinatal period
SN  - 1467-7881
AV  - Univ Alberta, Fac Nursing, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000243841100008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2301
T1  - Evidence-based critical care medicine: A potential tool for change 2323
A1  - Cook,D.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Cook, D, St Josephs Hosp, Dept Med, 50 Charlton Ave E, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada 24 8 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA NEW HORIZ-SCI PRACT ACUTE MED FEB Discipline: Emergency Medicine 122NQ
KW  - Accountability
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Caregiver
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - continuous quality improvement
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Information
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - MATTER
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - MILLENNIUM
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Training
KW  - trends
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNSTABLE ANGINA
KW  - US
KW  - USA
KW  - values
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 20
EP  - 25
JF  - New Horizons-the Science and Practice of Acute Medicine
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
N2  - This issue of New Horizons is about change. While our traditional apprenticeship model of physician training has served us well, adaptation is required for the new millennium. Among several sectoral trends in medicine, two are particularly relevant for intensivists: a) the information explosion and b) increased accountability to society regarding effective, efficient, compassionate, and culturally sensitive care. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) (or any other single initiative, for that matter) is not going to address all of tomorrow's challenges. However, EBM does help by enhancing clinical informatics and critical appraisal skills so that clinicians are better able to keep up with the growing literature, and decide whether, and if so, this literature applies to individual patients. In addition, EBM can help to highlight the determinants of clinical decisions, which may include contributions of caregiver knowledge, patient pathophysiology, research evidence, patient and societal values, and increasingly, costs. While EBM is best practiced at the individual level, its application to other aspects of health care is growing
SN  - 1063-7389
AV  - McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000076078700004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2302
T1  - A systematic review of postgraduate teaching in evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal 1341
A1  - Coomarasamy,A.
A1  - Taylor,R.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Coomarasamy, A, Birmingham Womens Hosp, Educ Resource Ctr, Metchley Pk Rd, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England 24 10 CARFAX PUBLISHING BASINGSTOKE RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND MED TEACH JAN Discipline: Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services 638BF
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - behaviour
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLUBS
KW  - content
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - COURSES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - educational interventions
KW  - Educational Needs
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Journal Clubs
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - Postgraduate Education
KW  - postgraduate teaching
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Randomization
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - READ
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Undergraduate Education
KW  - undergraduates
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - Workshop
KW  - Workshops
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 77
EP  - 81
JF  - Medical Teacher.Vol.27(1)()(pp 46-52), 2005.
J1  - Medical Teacher
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
N2  - The knowledge and skills needed for critical literature appraisal and evidence-based practice have not been covered in undergraduate education until recently. These educational needs are, therefore, often met through postgraduate education via courses, workshops and journal clubs. Previous reviews have generally, considered postgraduates and undergraduates together. However, there is evidence that the effectiveness of educational interventions varies between postgraduates and undergraduates. In this study the authors therefore examine the effectiveness of evidence-based medicine and critical appraisal teaching at postgraduate level. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Best Evidence and SCI. Seventeen studies were identified: two randomized trials, six controlled trials without randomization and nine before-and-after studies. The studies showed a significant improvement in knowledge, but not in attitude, skills or behaviour. However, to draw robust conclusions, well-designed trials are needed that focus on curriculum content and delivery as well as how outcomes are assessed
SN  - 0142-159X
AV  - Birmingham Womens Hosp, Educ Resource Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England. Univ Birmingham, Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Dept, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000180548500013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2303
T1  - What is the evidence that postgraduate teaching in evidence based medicine changes anything? A systematic review 874
A1  - Coomarasamy,A.
A1  - Khan,K.S.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Coomarasamy, A, Birmingham Womens Hosp, Educ Resource Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England arricoomar@blueyonder.co.uk 31 28 B M J PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND BRIT MED J OCT 30 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 867OR
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - based medicine
KW  - behaviour
KW  - BEME
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - CARE
KW  - classroom
KW  - classrooms
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Controlled Study
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - instruction
KW  - integrated teaching method
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - postgraduate teaching
KW  - practice
KW  - Publishing
KW  - REAL-TIME
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - standalone teaching method
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching method
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1017
EP  - 1019
JF  - British Medical Journal.Vol.331(7523)()(pp 989-991), 2005.Date of Publication: 29 OCT 2005.
J1  - British Medical Journal
VL  - 329
IS  - 7473
N2  - Objective To evaluate the effects of standalone versus clinically integrated teaching in evidence based medicine on various outcomes in postgraduates. Design Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and before and after comparison studies. Data sources Medline, Embase, ERIC, Cochrane Library, DARE, HTA database, Best Evidence, BEME, and SCI. Study selection 23 studies: four randomised trials, seven non-randomised controlled studies, and 12 before and after comparison studies. 18 studies (including two randomised trials) evaluated a standalone teaching method, and five studies (including two randomised trials) evaluated a clinically integrated teaching method. Main outcome measures Knowledge, critical appraisal skills, attitudes, and behaviour. Results Standalone teaching improved knowledge but not skills, attitudes, or behaviour. Clinically integrated teaching improved knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviour. Conclusion Teaching of evidence based medicine should be moved from classrooms to clinical practice to achieve improvements in substantial outcomes
SN  - 0959-535X
AV  - Birmingham Womens Hosp, Educ Resource Ctr, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000224852400023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2304
T1  - Evidence-based mental health policy: a critical appraisal 1193
A1  - Cooper,B.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Cooper, B, Inst Psychiat, Old Age Psychiat Sect, De Crespigny Pk, London SE5 8AF, England 60 13 ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS LONDON BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PG, ENGLAND BRIT J PSYCHIAT AUG Discipline: Psychiatry 709JD
KW  - Age
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - College
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - critique
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - evidence-based health care
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHIATRY
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Planning
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - POSTNATAL DEPRESSION
KW  - practice
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - problems
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - service evaluation
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Technique
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNEMPLOYMENT
KW  - Use
KW  - VICTIMS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 113
JF  - British Journal of Psychiatry.Vol.189(OCT.)()(pp 309-316), 2006.
J1  - British Journal of Psychiatry
VL  - 183
N2  - Background. Arguments for and against evidence-based psychiatry have mostly centred on its value for clinical practice and teaching. Now, however, use of the same paradigm in evaluating health care has generated new problems. Aims. To outline the development of evidence-based health care; to summarise the main critiques of this approach; to review the evidence now being employed to evaluate mental health care; and to consider how the evidence base might be improved. Method. The following sources were monitored: publications on evidence based psychiatry and health care since 1990; reports of randomised trials and meta-analytic reviews to the end of 2002; and official British publications on mental health policy Results Although evidence-based health care is now being promulgated as a rational basis for mental health planning in Britain, its contributions to service evaluation have been distinctly modest. Only 10% of clinical trials and meta-analyses have been focused on effectiveness of services, and many reviews proved inconclusive. Conclusions. The current evidence-based approach is overly reliant on meta-analytic reviews, and is more applicable to specific treatments than to the care agencies that control their delivery. A much broader evidence base is called for, extending to studies in primary health care and the evaluation of preventive techniques
SN  - 0007-1250
AV  - Inst Psychiat, Old Age Psychiat Sect, London SE5 8AF, England.
UR  - ISI:000184621300007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2305
T1  - Sea-level rise and shoreline retreat: time to abandon the Bruun Rule 818
A1  - Cooper,J.A.G.
A1  - Pilkey,O.H.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Cooper, JAG, Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Studies, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland jag.cooper@ulster.ac.uk 108 4 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE NOV Discipline: Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary 879OY
KW  - advocacy
KW  - alternatives
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSUMPTIONS
KW  - BARRIER-ISLAND SYSTEM
KW  - BEACH EROSION
KW  - Behavior
KW  - behaviour
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - coastal erosion
KW  - coastal management
KW  - complexity
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - Evolution
KW  - EXPRESSION
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIRE-ISLAND
KW  - formulation
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - Ireland
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - linkage
KW  - Management
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Model
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NORTH
KW  - On
KW  - physical
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - power
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Publication
KW  - Relative
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - RISE
KW  - RULE
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Science
KW  - sea-level rise
KW  - SHOREFACE PROFILE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Time
KW  - TOOL
KW  - transgression
KW  - understanding
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 157
EP  - 171
JF  - Global and Planetary Change
VL  - 43
IS  - 3-4
N2  - In the face of a global rise in sea level, understanding the response of the shoreline to changes in sea level is a critical scientific goal to inform policy makers and managers. A body of scientific information exists that illustrates both the complexity of the linkages between sea-level rise and shoreline response, and the comparative lack of understanding of these linkages. In spite of the lack of understanding, many appraisals have been undertaken that employ a concept known as the "Braun Rule". This is a simple two-dimensional model of shoreline response to rising sea level. The model has seen near global application since its original formulation in 1954. The concept provided an advance in understanding of the coastal system at the time of its first publication. It has, however, been superseded by numerous subsequent findings and is now invalid. Several assumptions behind the Braun Rule are known to be false and nowhere has the Braun Rule been adequately proven; on the contrary several studies disprove it in the field. No universally applicable model of shoreline retreat under sea-level rise has yet been developed. Despite this, the Bruun Rule is in widespread contemporary use at a global scale both as a management tool and as a scientific concept. The persistence of this concept beyond its original assumption base is attributed to the following factors: 1. Appeal of a simple, easy to use analytical model that is in widespread use. 2. Difficulty of determining the relative validity of `proofs' and 'disproofs'. 3. Ease of application. 4. Positive advocacy by some scientists. 5. Application by other scientists without critical appraisal. 6. The simple numerical expression of the model. 7. Lack of easy alternatives. The Bruun Rule has no power for predicting shoreline behaviour under rising sea level and should be abandoned. It is a concept whose time has passed. The belief by policy makers that it offers a prediction of future shoreline position may well have stifled much-needed research into the coastal response to sea-level rise. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
SN  - 0921-8181
AV  - Univ Ulster, Sch Environm Studies, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
UR  - ISI:000225728300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2306
T1  - Nurse-led care in dermatology: a review of the literature 485
A1  - Courtenay,M.
A1  - Carey,N.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Courtenay, M, Univ Reading, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Reading, Berks, England m.courtenay@reading.ac.uk 26 2 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND BRIT J DERMATOL JAN Discipline: Dermatology 996HP
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ATOPIC ECZEMA
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - British Nursing Index
KW  - CARE
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical
KW  - College
KW  - Confidence
KW  - CONTACT
KW  - Cost
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - discipline
KW  - eczema
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Needs
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - HAND
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Impact
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse-led care
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Objectives
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - prescribing
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Protocols
KW  - psoriasis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - SECONDARY PREVENTION CLINICS
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - Social Care
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
JF  - British Journal of Dermatology
VL  - 154
IS  - 1
N2  - Background Nurses play lead roles in the delivery of care in dermatology. While a number of primary studies have been conducted evaluating nurse-led care in dermatology, review and synthesis of the findings from these studies has not been undertaken. Objectives To systematically identify, summarize and critically appraise the current evidence regarding the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology. Methods Systematic searches were done of CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index and the Royal College of Nursing Library Catalogue from 1990 until March 2005. The searches were not restricted to the U.K., and were supplemented by an extensive hand search of the literature through references identified from retrieved articles and by contact with experts in the field. Results A total of 14 relevant publications were identified (and included findings from both primary and secondary care), of which five were descriptions of nursing activities, five were evaluations of nurse interventions and four were patient evaluations of nurse-led care. The evidence emerging from the literature indicates that nurses are treating a number of dermatological conditions, primarily using treatment protocols, across a broad range of clinical settings. However, there is a lack of confidence among nurses working in primary care (predominantly practice nurses) to treat some of these conditions (including scalp scaling in psoriasis and infected eczema). Although the importance of education is recognized, the educational needs of these nurses are frequently unmet. The benefits of nurse interventions on service delivery include a reduction in the severity of condition and more effective use of topical therapies. Patients report faster access to treatment, a reduction in referrals to the GP or dermatologist, and an increase in knowledge of their condition. Conclusions Nurses frequently play lead roles in the diverse range of models of care that exist in dermatology. Although findings of the review are generally positive, there are methodological weaknesses and under-researched issues, e.g. cost effectiveness of nurse-led care, and extended independent and supplementary nurse prescribing in dermatology, that point to the need for further rigorous evaluation
SN  - 0007-0963
AV  - Univ Reading, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Reading, Berks, England.
UR  - ISI:000234165300001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2307
T1  - A review of the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology 90
A1  - Courtenay,M.
A1  - Carey,N.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Review Courtenay, M, Univ Reading, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Bulmershe Campus, Reading RG6 1HY, Berks, England m.courtenay@reading.ac.uk 27 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN NURS JAN Discipline: Nursing 118TQ
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ATOPIC ECZEMA
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - British Nursing Index
KW  - CARE
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Confidence
KW  - CONTACT
KW  - Cost
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Educational Needs
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - General Practitioner
KW  - HAND
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Impact
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nurse
KW  - nurse-led care
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Objectives
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - prescribing
KW  - Prescription
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reduction
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Review
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - SECONDARY PREVENTION CLINICS
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - Social Care
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 122
EP  - 128
JF  - Journal of Clinical Nursing.2007 Jan; 16(1): 28-37.(72 ref)
J1  - Journal of Clinical Nursing
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Aims and objectives. To identify systematically, summarize and critically appraise the current evidence regarding the impact and effectiveness of nurse-led care in dermatology. Background. A diverse range of nurse-led models of care exist in dermatology. Primary studies have been conducted evaluating these models, but review and synthesis of the findings from these studies have not been undertaken. Method. Systematic searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index (BNI) and the RCN Library Catalogue from 1990 until March 2005. The searches were supplemented by an extensive hand search of the literature through references identified from retrieved articles and by contact with experts in the field. Results. Fourteen relevant publications were identified and included findings from both primary and secondary care. The evidence indicates that nurses are treating a number of dermatological conditions, primarily using treatment protocols, across a broad range of clinical settings. However, some nurses working in primary care, lack confidence to treat some of these conditions and the educational needs of these nurses are frequently unmet. A reduction in the severity of the condition and more effective use of topical therapies are benefits of nurse interventions on service delivery. Faster access to treatment, a reduction in referrals to the general practitioner or dermatologist and an increase in knowledge of their condition are benefits reported by patients. Conclusions. Findings of the review are generally positive. However, there are methodological weaknesses and under researched issues, e. g. cost effectiveness of nurse-led care and the prescription of medicines by nurses for patients with dermatological conditions that point to the need for further rigorous evaluation. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurse-led care is an integral element of the dermatology service offered to patients. This review highlights the impact of this care and the issues that require consideration by those responsible for the development of nurse-led models of care in dermatology
SN  - 0962-1067
AV  - Univ Reading, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Reading RG6 1HY, Berks, England.
UR  - ISI:000242965000013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2308
T1  - An overview of the central nervous system of the elephant through a critical appraisal of the literature published in the XIX and XX centuries 1764
A1  - Cozzi,B.
A1  - Spagnoli,S.
A1  - Bruno,L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Cozzi, B, Univ Padua, Dept Anim Sci, Strada Romea 16, I-35020 Legnaro Agripolis, PD, Italy 130 8 PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD OXFORD THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BRAIN RES BULL JAN 15 Discipline: Neurosciences 418FX
KW  - ANATOMY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Attention
KW  - BACK
KW  - brain
KW  - brain size
KW  - Central Nervous System
KW  - CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - comparative neuroanatomy
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - CORTEX
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - Elephas maximus
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evolution
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - Habit
KW  - Habits
KW  - investigation
KW  - Italy
KW  - LAND
KW  - Language
KW  - LANGUAGES
KW  - Literature
KW  - Loxodonta africana
KW  - LOXODONTA-AFRICANA
KW  - Mammals
KW  - MAXIMUS
KW  - nervous system
KW  - NERVOUS-SYSTEM
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - nucleus ellipticus
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - ORIGINS
KW  - overview
KW  - Paper
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - species
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - XIX
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 219
EP  - 227
JF  - Brain Research Bulletin
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
N2  - The two species of elephants (Indian: Elephas maximus and African: Loxodonta africana) possess the largest brain among land mammals. Due to its size, the elephant brain is discussed in virtually every paper dealing with the evolution of the central nervous system of mammals and comparative brain size. Studies on the social habits of elephants also deal with the skills and the "intelligence" and brain size of these species. Yet most of the descriptions and conclusions reported in comparative studies rely on second-hand data derived from investigations performed several decades before, often dating as far back as the XIX century. Furthermore, many of the original papers actually describing gross and detailed features of the brain of elephants are either no longer available, are written in languages other than English, or are difficult to trace. The present study gives a short description of the anatomy of the central nervous system of elephants, with special attention to its distinctive features, reports all available literature on the subject, and briefly discusses its origins and rationale. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc
SN  - 0361-9230
AV  - Univ Padua, Dept Anim Sci, I-35020 Legnaro Agripolis, PD, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000167881200013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2309
T1  - Engendering the Latin American state 2286
A1  - Cravey,A.J.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Cravey, AJ, Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, 203 Saunders Hall,CB 3220, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA 105 4 ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC LONDON 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 3BH PROG HUM GEOGR DEC Discipline: Geography 139CR
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - CITIES
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FEMINIST
KW  - feminist theory
KW  - Gender
KW  - GEOGRAPHIES
KW  - Geography
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - HOUSING PROGRAMS
KW  - Insight
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Latin America
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - MEDICAL-CARE
KW  - On
KW  - PATRIARCHY
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Policy
KW  - POLITICAL-GEOGRAPHY
KW  - Politics
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - REGION
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - social change
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SOUTHERN CONE
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - strategies
KW  - the state
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 523
EP  - 542
JF  - Progress in Human Geography
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
N2  - Drawing on feminist theories of the state, this article critiques and extends the current usage of state theory in Latin Americanist geography. I argue that a nuanced mapping of social dynamics requires understanding the state as capitalist and patriarchal. Beginning with issues that are typically framed at the global scale, the review works progressively toward local and microscale analysis. Attention is given to distinct areas of scholarship which are appropriate for dealing with states and with the politics that produce and maintain them. Several questions are addressed throughout the review. First and most importantly, how have Latin Americanist geographers conceptualized the state? Secondly, have these conceptualizations been adequate for understanding the geography of state formation and dynamics? Thirdly, what have been the limitations and consequences of these approaches? Finally, how have state/society relations been understood? These questions guide a critical reading of the discipline's literature on the region while suggesting that a feminist critical realist perspective on the state offers powerful insights into Latin American politics, society and social change
SN  - 0309-1325
AV  - Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
UR  - ISI:000077010600004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2310
T1  - A review of the validity of self-reported arrests among persons with mental illness 1179
A1  - Crisanti,A.
A1  - Laygo,R.
A1  - Junginger,J.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Crisanti, A, W Hawaii Ment Hlth Serv, State Hawaii Dept Hlth, POB 664, Kelakekua, HI 96750 USA 28 3 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CURR OPIN PSYCHIATRY SEP Discipline: Psychiatry 714DV
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - arrest
KW  - Article
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Bias
KW  - clinical
KW  - cognitive
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Criminal Behavior
KW  - Criminal Justice
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal of research
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - health
KW  - Health Service
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Health Services Research
KW  - History
KW  - ILLNESS
KW  - Information
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Justice
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Service
KW  - mental health services
KW  - mental illness
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - person
KW  - Population
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - reason
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Needs
KW  - Review
KW  - Self Report
KW  - SELF-REPORT
KW  - serious mental illness
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT PROGRAM
KW  - treatment programs
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 565
EP  - 569
JF  - Current Opinion in Psychiatry.Vol.17(6)()(pp 505-511), 2004.
J1  - Current Opinion in Psychiatry
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
N2  - Purpose of review The use of self-report as a measure of involvement with the criminal justice system is widespread in mental health services research. However, the accuracy of the self-reporting of sensitive information is questionable. Complicating the issue further is that self-reports from persons with serious mental illness may be influenced by cognitive distortions. Consequently, questions about the accuracy of these types of reports among a population with serious mental illness continue to be raised. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research and the issues relating to the validity of self-reported arrests among persons with serious mental illness. This review is timely and warranted because of national and local reliance on criminal behavior as an indicator of the efficacy of treatment programs, such as assertive community treatment and jail diversion. Recent findings Our literature review found no apparent reason to discourage the use of self-reports to collect information on involvement with the criminal justice system among persons with serious mental illness. However, the research on which we base this conclusion is thin. Further research needs to determine the degree of validity of self-reported arrest history, and the extent to which accuracy varies among various clinical and social populations. Summary Our review of the factors that undermine validity and our suggestions for minimizing bias should aid in the critical appraisal of research that has relied on self-reported criminal behavior, and also the design of future studies
SN  - 0951-7367
AV  - Univ Hawaii, Manoa, HI USA. ORC Macro, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
UR  - ISI:000184897800013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2311
T1  - The quality of reports of critical care meta-analyses in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: An independent appraisal 70
A1  - Delaney,A.
A1  - Bagshaw,S.M.
A1  - Ferland,A.
A1  - Laupland,K.
A1  - Manns,B.
A1  - Doig,C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Delaney, A, Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Intens Care Med, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia 30 0 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED FEB Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 129OP
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - Australia
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Bias
KW  - CARE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE REVIEWS
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - database
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISCREPANCIES
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - extraction
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - Filters
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - methodological quality
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - overview
KW  - PAPER-BASED JOURNALS
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - reports
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Sample
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - TERM
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 589
EP  - 594
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: To independently appraise the methodological quality of a sample of reports of meta-analyses that address critical care topics in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews compared with the quality of reports published in regular journals, using a validated assessment instrument, the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). Data Source. Studies were selected from a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1994 to 2003, using multiple search terms for critical care and sensitive filters to identify meta-analyses. Study Selection: Two authors independently selected meta-analyses that addressed topics pertinent to critical care medicine. Data Extraction. Two authors independently extracted the data. The proportion of reports that met each component of the OQAQ was determined, as was the overall quality score. Meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were compared with those published in regular journals. Data Synthesis. There were 36 reports of meta-analyses in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and 103 reports of meta-analyses published in regular journals; 11 of these were reports of Cochrane reviews. The meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were more likely to fulfill most components of the OQAQ. The median overall OQAQ scores indicated significant methodological problems in the reports regardless of the source of publication, although the reports in the Cochrane database scored higher than those in regular journals (five compared with two, p <.001). Major methodological flaws, notably failure to appropriately refer to the validity of included studies, were found in meta-analyses in both the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and regular journals (44.4% and 79.3%, respectively). Conclusions. Although the quality of reports of meta-analyses published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews is superior to the quality of reports of meta-analyses published in regular journals, there is significant room for improvement. Clinicians should critically appraise all reports of meta-analyses before considering the results, regardless of the source of publication
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Royal N Shore Hosp, Dept Intens Care Med, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. Univ Sydney, No Clin Sch, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. Austin Hosp, Dept Intens Care, Heidelberg, Vic 3084, Australia. Univ Calgary, Dept Crit Care Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000243739100035
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2312
T1  - Family theory and research in Norway: A review essay of the 1980s 2607
A1  - Eriksen,J.
A1  - Wetlesen,T.S.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Review Eriksen, J, INST APPL SOCIAL RES,OSLO,NORWAY 159 0 HAWORTH PRESS INC BINGHAMTON 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 MARRIAGE FAM REV Discipline: Family Studies WK698
KW  - ABUSE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - CARE
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Care
KW  - children
KW  - context
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - empirical studies
KW  - English
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family studies
KW  - Family Violence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Gender
KW  - INSTITUTIONS
KW  - interaction
KW  - Into
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Mother
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Norway
KW  - On
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Poverty
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - qualitative
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Research
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Roles
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Second World War
KW  - Sex
KW  - Sex Role
KW  - Sexual Abuse
KW  - SEXUAL-ABUSE
KW  - social change
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - speaking
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - theoretical
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - trends
KW  - UNIT
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - VIEW
KW  - Violence
KW  - war
KW  - Work
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 681
EP  - 721
JF  - Marriage and Family Review
VL  - 23
IS  - 3-4
N2  - Norwegian family research was initiated on a broad scale after the Second World War, Researchers were in this period no doubt often inspired by American scientists who visited the country and taught how to do quantitative empirical studies, However, family-related research was also present before this through the pioneering work by Eilert Sundt, Sundt was engaged in policy-oriented studies on poverty among unwed mothers and their children in the 1850s as well as in descriptive demographic studies, Broadly speaking the two trends that were initiated by Eilert Sundt are identified as characteristic of family research also in our times: one which is rather descriptive and broad-scale oriented and one based on qualitative data-often discussed in a critical context. To some extent these differences in orientation reflect the position of the researcher. Descriptive studies are mainly initiated by applied research institutions while the more independent position of university researchers seems to encourage work that is both theoretical and empirical, Norwegian family research in the 1980s is characterized by its gender focus. Critical appraisal of sex roles is identified as a strong trend in family-related research in Norway also in the 1960s and 1970s. Few studies have the family as such as unit of analysis. Much of the research is related to major demographic changes such as fertility decline, cohabitation, divorce, as well as to changes in gender roles such as working mothers and child care arrangements. Other studies go into socialization processes related to gender or to parent-child interaction from a developmental point of view. There have been few coordinated research programs in the field. An exception, however, is a program on family violence and sexual abuse of children. The fact that the Norwegian society is becoming multi-cultural is so far not reflected in family research. Comparative family research is on the whole still left to be done. Nor has policy-oriented research resulted in coordinated governmental programs and strategies. This situation is briefly commented. The paper concludes that the gender focus of the 1980s has revitalized the field and increased its theoretical relevance. It contributes to the illumination of major social changes in modem societies
SN  - 0149-4929
AV  - UNIV OSLO,DEPT SOCIOL,OSLO,NORWAY.
UR  - ISI:A1996WK69800003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2313
T1  - The effectiveness of music as an intervention for hospital patients: a systematic review 1589
A1  - Evans,D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Evans, D, Royal Adelaide Hosp, Joanna Briggs Inst Evidence Based Nursing & Midwi, Margaret Graham Bldg,North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia 45 18 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND J ADV NURS JAN Discipline: Nursing 509GA
KW  - ADJUNCT
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - ADVERSE EVENTS
KW  - And
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - Bronchoscopy
KW  - CARE
KW  - care practices
KW  - combined
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospital Patient
KW  - HOSPITAL PATIENTS
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - inclusion
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - invasive procedures
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - Music
KW  - NEED
KW  - normal care
KW  - Nursing
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Pain
KW  - Parameter
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - premature
KW  - Publishing
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Reduction
KW  - relaxation
KW  - Research
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SIGNS
KW  - STATE ANXIETY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Therapy
KW  - tolerance
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - Use
KW  - vital signs
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 8
EP  - 18
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
N2  - Introduction. Over the past few decades there has been a growing interest in the use of music, which has seen it used to achieve a diverse range of outcomes. While music as an intervention for hospital patients has subject to considerable evaluation, many of these studies arc small and findings are therefore often contradictory. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of music as an intervention for hospital patients. Method. A comprehensive search was undertaken involving all major health care databases. For studies to be included in the review they must have investigated the effect of music, involved adult hospital patients and used a randomized controlled trial design. These studies must also have used outcome measures such as anxiety, satisfaction, pain, mood and vital signs. Identified studies were critically appraised, and then categorized according to whether music was evaluated during normal care delivery or during invasive and unpleasant procedures. When appropriate, studies were combined in a meta-analysis. Results. A total of 29 studies were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were subsequently excluded following critical appraisal. Music played via headphones reduces anxiety of patients during normal care deliver, but it has no impact on the anxiety of patients undergoing procedures such as bronchoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or surgery with a spinal anaesthetic. Music produces a small reduction in respiratory rate during normal care delivery, but appears to have little effect on other vital sign parameters. It has no impact on the vital signs of patients undergoing procedures. Although the evidence is limited, music also appears improve the mood and tolerance of patients. Conclusion. This review demonstrates the effectiveness of music for the reduction of anxiety during normal care deliver. Given the inexpensive nature of this intervention, and the lack of adverse events, it is recommended as an adjunct to normal care practices. This review also highlights the need for further research into many aspect of this intervention
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - Royal Adelaide Hosp, Joanna Briggs Inst Evidence Based Nursing & Midwi, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000173136900002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2314
T1  - School-based prevention for illicit drugs' use. - art. no. CD003020.pub2 481
A1  - Faggiano,F.
A1  - Vigna-Taglianti,F.D.
A1  - Versino,E.
A1  - Zambon,A.
A1  - Borraccino,A.
A1  - Lemma,P.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Faggiano, F, Univ Piemonte Orientale A Avogadro, Dept Med Sci, Via Solaroli 17, I-28100 Novara, Italy fabrizio.faggiano@med.unipmn.it 149 0 WILEY-LISS HOBOKEN DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA COCHRANE DATABASE SYST REV Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 968YJ
KW  - 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
KW  - ABUSE-RESISTANCE-EDUCATION
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - ACTIVATION
KW  - activity
KW  - ADDICTION
KW  - ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Art
KW  - assessment
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Checklist
KW  - chronic
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - CONTACT
KW  - CONTACTS
KW  - context
KW  - control
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - database
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Use
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - grade students
KW  - HIGH-RISK
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Illicit Drug
KW  - IMPACT EVALUATION
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Italy
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - LIONS-QUEST SKILLS
KW  - LONG
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - OUTCOME EVALUATION
KW  - Paper
KW  - Parent
KW  - Parents
KW  - Peer Pressure
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Prevention
KW  - preventive intervention
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - PROJECT DARE
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Prospective Study
KW  - quality
KW  - REFUSAL SKILLS PROGRAM
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Review
KW  - RIVER
KW  - School
KW  - SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTION
KW  - SCHOOL-BASED PREVENTION
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Self Esteem
KW  - SELF-EFFICACY
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TERM
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JF  - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
IS  - 2
N2  - Background Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease. Primary interventions should be aimed to reduce first use, or prevent the transition from experimental use to addiction. School is the appropriate setting for preventive interventions. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in improving knowledge, developing skills, promoting change, and preventing or reducing drug use versus usual curricular activities or a different school-based intervention. Search strategy MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, PSYCHINFO, Cochrane Library, ACP Journal Club, Cochrane Drug and Alcohol Group Register, updated to February 2004, were searched. Bibliography of papers was checked and personal contacts were made to identify other relevant studies. Selection criteria RCTs, CCTs or Controlled Prospective Studies (CPS) evaluating school-based interventions designed to prevent substance use. Data collection and analysis Data were selected and extracted independently by two reviewers. Quality was assessed with the CDAG checklist. Interventions were classified as skills, affective, knowledge-focused and other characteristics were also studied (teaching, follow-up implementation, context activation). Main results 32 studies (29 RCTs and 3 CPSs) were included. 28 were conducted in the USA; most were focused on 6th-7th grade students, and based on post-test assessment. RCTs (1) Knowledge vs usual curricula Knowledge focused programs improve drug knowledge (SMD=0.91; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.39). (2) Skills vs usual curricula Skills based interventions increase drug knowledge (WMD=2.60; 95% CI: 1.17-4.03), decision making skills (SMD=0.78; CI95%: 0.46-1.09), self-esteem (SMD= 0.22; CI95%: 0.03-0.40), peer pressure resistance (RR=2.05; CI95%: 1.24-3.42), drug use (RR=0.81; CI95%: 0.64, 1.02), marijuana use (RR= 0.82; CI95%: 0.73, 0.92) and hard drug use (RR= 0.45; CI95%: 0.24-0.85). (3) Skills vs knowledge No differences are evident. (4) Skills vs affective Skills-based interventions are only better than affective ones in self-efficacy (WMD=1.90; CI95%: 0.25, 3.55). (5) Affective vs usual curricula Affective interventions improve drug knowledge (SMD=1.88; CI95%: 1.27, 2.50) and decision making skills (SMD= 1.35; CI95%: 0.79, 1.9). (6) Affective vs knowledge Affective interventions improve drug knowledge (SMD= 0.60; CI95%: 0.18,1.03), and decision making skills (SMD=1.22; CI95%: 0.33, 2.12). Results from CPSs No statistically significant results emerge from CPSs. Authors' conclusions Skills based programs appear to be effective in deterring early-stage drug use. The replication of results with well designed, long term randomised trials, and the evaluation of single components of intervention ( peer, parents, booster sessions) are the priorities for research. All new studies should control for cluster effect
SN  - 1469-493X
AV  - Univ Piemonte Orientale A Avogadro, Dept Med Sci, I-28100 Novara, Italy.
UR  - ISI:000232199200016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2315
T1  - Safety of the Stockholm birth center study: A critical review 678
A1  - Fahy,K.
A1  - Colyvas,K.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Fahy, K, Univ Newcastle, Fac Hlth, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Univ Dr, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia 15 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC MALDEN 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA BIRTH-ISS PERINAT CARE JUN Discipline: Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics 925DV
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Australia
KW  - BABIES
KW  - Best practice
KW  - Bias
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTER CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Error
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - form
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - IF
KW  - Labor
KW  - maternity
KW  - Midwifery
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - Performance
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - Review
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 145
EP  - 150
JF  - Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
N2  - This paper critically appraised the validity and generalizability of the safety of the Stockholm Birth Center care study to determine if it can be relied on to answer the question, "Is primiparous labor and birth in a birth center as safe for babies as standard medical care?" The retrospective cohort study is summarized, and statistical and methodological aspects are evaluated. Errors that were identified include selection bias and two forms of performance bias, both involving the independent variable. Nondefinition and lack of control of the independent variable and minor statistical errors were also noted. More serious concerns relate to the validity of an intention-to-treat analysis. Some methodological problems reduced validity of the study and ability to generalize the findings to other birth centers. Birth center care is a desirable and established birth option. A more useful approach to improving maternity care provision could involve comparing multiple birth center sites with each other to find best practice so that it can be analyzed and duplicated
SN  - 0730-7659
AV  - Univ Newcastle, Fac Hlth, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000229032600010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2316
T1  - Segregation to boundaries and interfaces in solids 2553
A1  - Faulkner,R.G.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J English Review Faulkner, RG, UNIV LOUGHBOROUGH,INST POLYMER TECHNOL & MAT ENGN,LOUGHBOROUGH LE11 3UT,LEICS,ENGLAND 74 20 ASM INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS PARK SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 INT MATER REV Discipline: Materials Science, Multidisciplinary XG582
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL
KW  - BOUNDARIES
KW  - BOUNDARY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - diffusion
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - EMISSION
KW  - English
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - FIELD
KW  - GE
KW  - GRAIN-BOUNDARIES
KW  - HEAT
KW  - heat treatment
KW  - interface
KW  - interfaces
KW  - international
KW  - INVESTMENT
KW  - ION
KW  - KINETIC-MODEL
KW  - KINETICS
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - NON-EQUILIBRIUM SEGREGATION
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM SEGREGATION
KW  - On
KW  - principles
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - RADIATION-INDUCED SEGREGATION
KW  - Relative
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Science
KW  - segregation
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - Solid
KW  - SOLIDS
KW  - SOLUTE SEGREGATION
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - STRAIN
KW  - Technique
KW  - thermodynamics
KW  - Treatment
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 198
EP  - 208
JF  - International Materials Reviews
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
N2  - The basic principles of equilibrium (ES) and nonequilibrium segregation (NES) to boundaries and interfaces in solids as a function of heat treatment are reviewed. Various models used to describe the thermodynamics and kinetics of both processes are outlined and an attempt is made to emphasise the relative merits of each of the models. The importance of vacancy-driven effects in this kind of segregation is stressed. Experimental verification of the models is sought through a discussion of the amassed data on segregation. Equilibrium segregation and NES are treated in turn and a critical appraisal is made of the models in the light of experimental results. The experimental section emphasises the need for much greater investment currently because the only techniques capable of measuring the fine scale segregation effects being considered are sophisticated and expensive methods like field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and atom probe field ion microscopy. Radiation induced segregation is described. The importance of the strong interstitial binding with impurities in this mechanism is mentioned. The results of various models proposed are compared with experimental findings and the relative advantages of the various models are discussed. Finally, there is a short section on high strain rate induced NES. (C) 1996 The Institute of Materials and ASM International
SN  - 0950-6608
UR  - ISI:A1996XG58200002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2317
T1  - Central retinal vein occlusion and thrombophilia 1546
A1  - Fegan,C.D.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Fegan, CD, Birmingham Heartlands Hosp, Dept Haematol, Bordsley Green E, Birmingham, W Midlands, England 69 14 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND EYE JAN Discipline: Ophthalmology 537FQ
KW  - ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C
KW  - ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR
KW  - And
KW  - antiphospholipid syndrome
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - central retinal vein occlusion
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - factor V Leiden
KW  - FACTOR-V-LEIDEN
KW  - FAMILIAL THROMBOPHILIA
KW  - hyperhomocysteinaemia
KW  - London
KW  - methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
KW  - OCCLUSION
KW  - Ophthalmology
KW  - Pathogenesis
KW  - PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE
KW  - play
KW  - PRIMARY ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - systemic
KW  - thrombophilia
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - venous thromboembolism
KW  - YOUNG-ADULTS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 98
EP  - 106
JF  - Eye
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
N2  - Central retinal vein occlusion is one of the commonest vascular diseases of the eye. The pathogenesis is multifactorial with both local factors and systemic diseases being aetiologically important. Many thrombophilic conditions have recently been identified and studies looking at their potential role in CRVO have been undertaken. The aim of this review is to critically appraise these studies as to date many have given conflicting results, making it far from clear what role thrombophilic conditions play in CRVO. It appears that hyperhomocysteinaemia and antiphospholipid syndrome are causes of CRVO and there is evidence that disorders causing hypofibrinolysis may also be important. The common hereditary thrombophilic conditions however do not appear to be strong risk factors but larger studies are needed for a definitive answer
SN  - 0950-222X
AV  - Birmingham Heartlands Hosp, Dept Haematol, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
UR  - ISI:000174748600024
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2318
T1  - Barrett's-related esophageal adenocarcinoma: Is chemoprevention a potential option? 1674
A1  - Fennerty,M.B.
A1  - Triadafilopoulos,G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Fennerty, MB, Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Gastroenterol, PV-310,3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97201 USA 40 20 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA AMER J GASTROENTEROL AUG Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 462TA
KW  - adenocarcinoma
KW  - America
KW  - And
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Prevention
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - clinical
KW  - cyclo-oxygenase
KW  - CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
KW  - GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - inhibition
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mortality
KW  - neoplasia
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
KW  - occurrence
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Review
KW  - RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - Secondary Prevention
KW  - SURVEILLANCE
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2302
EP  - 2305
JF  - American Journal of Gastroenterology.Vol.100(11)()(pp 2431-2435), 2005.
J1  - American Journal of Gastroenterology
VL  - 96
IS  - 8
N2  - OBJECTIVE: Review the rationale behind secondary prevention of Barrett's related esophageal adenocarcinoma and critically appraise the emerging literature regarding prevention of neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus with antisecretory and/or cyclo-oxygenase inhibition therapy. METHODS: The existing English language literature regarding secondary cancer prevention in patients with Barrett's esophagus is reviewed and its potential clinical implications discussed. RESULTS: There is biologic plausibility to pursue "chemoprevention" trials with antisecretory and/or cyclo-oxygenase inhibition therapy in patients with Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSION: Chemoprevention trials using potent antisecretory therapy coupled with cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibition are warranted and may provide a means of decreasing the occurrence of cancer and cancer-related mortality in this disease. (C) 2001 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology
SN  - 0002-9270
AV  - Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Div Gastroenterol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Gastroenterol Sect, Palo Alto, CA USA.
UR  - ISI:000170434800010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2319
T1  - A readers' guide to the interpretation of diagnostic test properties: clinical example of sepsis 1220
A1  - Fischer,J.E.
A1  - Bachmann,L.M.
A1  - Jaeschke,R.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Fischer, JE, Univ Zurich, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Steinweisstr 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland 23 16 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA INTENS CARE MED JUL Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 698ZD
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - CARE
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CURVES
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Accuracy
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Tests
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - Early Diagnosis
KW  - EARLY-ONSET SEPSIS
KW  - English
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - ILLNESS
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Infection
KW  - INFECTIONS
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intensive care medicine
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - interpretation
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - likelihood ratio
KW  - LIKELIHOOD RATIOS
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neonatology
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - On
KW  - OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
KW  - Patient
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Population
KW  - PREDICTIVE VALUE
KW  - Probability
KW  - problems
KW  - READER
KW  - Receiver Operating Characteristic
KW  - receiver operating characteristic curve
KW  - Regression
KW  - Review
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - specificity
KW  - SPECTRUM
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - TEST ACCURACY
KW  - TESTS
KW  - USA
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1043
EP  - 1051
JF  - Intensive Care Medicine.Vol.29(10)()(pp 1637-1644), 2003.
J1  - Intensive Care Medicine
VL  - 29
IS  - 7
N2  - Background. One of the most challenging practical and daily problems in intensive care medicine is the interpretation of the results from diagnostic tests. In neonatology and pediatric intensive care the early diagnosis of potentially life-threatening infections is a particularly important issue. Focus. A plethora of tests have been suggested to improve diagnostic decision making in the clinical setting of infection which is a clinical example used in this article. Several criteria that are critical to evidence-based appraisal of published data are often not adhered to during the study or in reporting. To enhance the critical appraisal on articles on diagnostic tests we discuss various measures of test accuracy: sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curves, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios, pretest probability, posttest probability, and diagnostic odds ratio. Conclusions. We suggest the following minimal requirements for reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of tests: a plot of the raw data, multilevel likelihood ratios, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the cutoff yielding the highest discriminative ability. For critical appraisal it is mandatory to report confidence intervals for each of these measures. Moreover, to allow comparison to the readers' patient population authors should provide data on study population characteristics, in particular on the spectrum of diseases and illness severity
SN  - 0342-4642
AV  - Univ Zurich, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Horten Ctr, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000184030000004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2320
T1  - Sodium ferric gluconate complex in the treatment of iron deficiency for patients on dialysis 1742
A1  - Fishbane,S.
A1  - Wagner,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Fishbane, S, 222 Stn Plaza N 510, Mineola, NY 11501 USA 25 16 W B SAUNDERS CO PHILADELPHIA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA AMER J KIDNEY DIS MAY Discipline: Urology & Nephrology 427AW
KW  - AGENT
KW  - And
KW  - Anemia
KW  - clinical
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - Death
KW  - Dextran
KW  - Dialysis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - English
KW  - Erythropoietin
KW  - Europe
KW  - FE-GLUCONATE
KW  - ferric gluconate
KW  - form
KW  - Independence
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - Iron
KW  - Iron Deficiency
KW  - iron dextran
KW  - IRON-DEFICIENCY
KW  - KIDNEY
KW  - Literature
KW  - MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS
KW  - Management
KW  - NA
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PROFILE
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - sodium
KW  - STATE
KW  - states
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Sucrose
KW  - Supplementation
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - United States
KW  - UNITED-STATES
KW  - urology
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 879
EP  - 883
JF  - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
N2  - Intravenous iron has been found to be an important adjunctive therapy in the treatment of anemia for patients on dialysis. In the United States, iron dextran had been the only form available for parenteral use until 1999. This agent has been associated with a concerning number of severe adverse reactions, in some cases resulting in patients' deaths. Recently, a form of iron used for many years in Europe, sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose, was approved for intravenous use in the United States. Because this agent does not contain the immunogenic dextran component of iron dextran, it is expected that the safety profile of this drug should be superior to that of iron dextran. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the relevant literature and to synthesize the information into a strategy for clinical use of this drug. (C) 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc
SN  - 0272-6386
AV  - Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Sect Dialysis, New Hyde Park, NY 11042 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Mineola, NY 11501 USA.
UR  - ISI:000168383500001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2321
T1  - Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and the risk of prematurity - A meta-analysis 1966
A1  - Flynn,C.A.
A1  - Helwig,A.L.
A1  - Meurer,L.N.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Review Flynn, CA, SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Evidence Based Practice, Dept Med, 475 Irving Ave,Suite 200, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA 62 32 DOWDEN PUBLISHING CORP MONTVALE 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA J FAM PRACT NOV Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 314VD
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - bacterial
KW  - BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - BIRTH-WEIGHT
KW  - CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - CONTACT
KW  - control
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - English
KW  - ERYTHROMYCIN TREATMENT
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - extraction
KW  - gardnerella
KW  - GENITAL-TRACT
KW  - IDIOPATHIC PRETERM LABOR
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Infant,Premature
KW  - Infection
KW  - Labor
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Low Birth Weight
KW  - LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - MEMBRANE
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - practice
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - PREGNANT-WOMEN
KW  - premature
KW  - Prematurity
KW  - Publishing
KW  - researchers
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Role
KW  - Screening
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - USA
KW  - VAGINAL FLORA
KW  - vaginosis
KW  - vaginosis,bacterial
KW  - WEIGHT
KW  - WILL
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 885
EP  - 892
JF  - Journal of Family Practice.Vol.55(11)()(pp 942), 2006.
J1  - Journal of Family Practice
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
N2  - OBJECTIVE. We conducted this meta-analysis to determine the magnitude of risk conferred by bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy on preterm delivery. SEARCH STRATEGY. We selected articles from a combination of the results of a MEDLINE search (1966-1996), a manual search of bibliographies, and contact with leading researchers. SELECTION CRITERIA. We included case control and cohort studies evaluating the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or preterm labor for pregnant women who had bacterial vaginosis and those who did not. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS. Two investigators independently conducted literature searches, applied inclusion criteria, performed data extraction, and critically appraised included studies. Summary estimates of risk were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) using the fixed and random effects models. MAIN RESULTS. We included 19 studies in the final analysis. Bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for all outcomes evaluated, in the subanalyses for preterm delivery, bacterial vaginosis remained a significant risk factor. Pooling adjusted ORs yielded a 60% increased risk of preterm delivery given the presence of bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSIONS. Bacterial vaginosis is an important risk factor for prematurity and pregnancy morbidity. Further studies will help clarify the benefits of treating bacterial vaginosis and the potential role of screening during pregnancy
SN  - 0094-3509
AV  - SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Evidence Based Practice, Dept Med, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Family & Community Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.
UR  - ISI:000087077500007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2322
T1  - Atopic dermatitis and the 'hygiene hypothesis': too clean to be true? 745
A1  - Fohr,C.
A1  - Pascoe,D.
A1  - Williams,H.C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Fohr, C, Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England carsten.flohr@nottingham.ac.uk 85 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND BRIT J DERMATOL FEB Discipline: Dermatology 906MJ
KW  - 1ST YEAR
KW  - ALLERGIC DISEASE
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIBIOTIC USE
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - atopic dermatitis
KW  - BIRTH COHORT
KW  - CARE
KW  - children
KW  - chronic
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - day care
KW  - DAY-CARE
KW  - DERMATITIS
KW  - Dermatology
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - EARLY BCG VACCINATION
KW  - EARLY-CHILDHOOD
KW  - eczema
KW  - endotoxin
KW  - ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - evidence
KW  - Exposure
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Family History
KW  - HAY-FEVER
KW  - History
KW  - Hygiene
KW  - hygiene hypothesis
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Immunization
KW  - inclusion
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - Infection
KW  - INFECTIONS
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - IV
KW  - KILLED MYCOBACTERIUM-VACCAE
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Life
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - prescribing
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Publishing
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RECURRENT
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - therapeutic approaches
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TUBERCULIN RESPONSES
KW  - Use
KW  - Vaccination
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 202
EP  - 216
JF  - British Journal of Dermatology
VL  - 152
IS  - 2
N2  - Background The so-called 'hygiene hypothesis' postulates an inverse relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and an environment that leads to increased pathogen exposure. Objectives We sought to systematically identify, summarize and critically appraise: (i) the epidemiological evidence to suggest that environmental exposures that lead to an increase in microbial burden reduce the risk of AD; (ii) whether any specific infections have been shown to reduce AD risk; (iii) whether there is a link between immunizations, use of antibiotics and AD risk; and (iv) to comment on the new therapeutic approaches in AD that have evolved out of the 'hygiene hypothesis'. Methods We searched Medline from 1966 until August 2004 to identify relevant studies for inclusion. Differences in study design and populations did not allow formal meta-analysis. Studies were therefore described qualitatively. Results We identified 64 studies that were relevant to our review, 27 (42%) of which were of prospective design. There was prospective evidence to support an inverse relationship between AD and endotoxins, early day care and animal exposure. Two well-designed cohort studies have found a positive association between infections in early life and AD, and measles vaccination and AD. Antibiotic use was consistently associated with an increase in AD risk even into the antenatal period, although a few studies did not reach conventional statistical significance. A few small randomized controlled trials have suggested that probiotics can reduce AD severity and that probiotics may also be able to prevent AD to some degree. Conclusions Although population-based studies have suggested a consistent inverse relationship between AD and increasing family size, this does not seem to be explained by a straightforward increased exposure to a single environmental pathogen. The effect seen with early day care, endotoxin and animal exposure may be due to a nonpathogenic microbial stimulus of a chronic or recurrent nature. This would also explain the risk increase associated with antibiotic use. Caution should prevail in the prescribing of antibiotics early in life, especially in children with a family history of AD. Larger well-designed pragmatic trials on probiotics and the prevention and treatment of AD are now needed to inform whether such interventions should be used in routine clinical practice
SN  - 0007-0963
AV  - Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
UR  - ISI:000227646000002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2323
T1  - A splitting headache: relationships and generic boundaries among Australian murids 236
A1  - Ford,F.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review ford.fred@gmail.com 101 1 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND BIOL J LINN SOC SEP Discipline: Evolutionary Biology 074AJ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ATTRIBUTES
KW  - Author
KW  - Authority
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - behaviour
KW  - biological
KW  - Biology
KW  - BOUNDARIES
KW  - BOUNDARY
KW  - Character
KW  - characters
KW  - conilurine
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DNA
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Evolution
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - HOPPING MICE
KW  - IF
KW  - inclusion
KW  - journal
KW  - London
KW  - MALE REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT
KW  - Mammals
KW  - Mastacomys
KW  - Mice
KW  - MICROCOMPLEMENT FIXATION
KW  - Notomys
KW  - NOTOMYS-ALEXIS
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - PSEUDOMYS
KW  - Publishing
KW  - question
KW  - Recognition
KW  - relationships
KW  - Review
KW  - rodent
KW  - RODENTS
KW  - RODENTS MURIDAE
KW  - SEQUENCES
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - species
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - systematics
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - WESTERN-AUSTRALIA
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 138
JF  - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
N2  - Genera should ideally make sense to someone not familiar with the constituent species. Recent authors have supported recognition of the large Australian rodent genus Pseudomys simply on the basis of its monophyly, but have not posed the reasonable question: are there smaller groups within the genus that are typified by unique biological or morphological traits warranting generic recognition? Indeed, Pseudomys is only rendered monophyletic in molecular phylogenies with the inclusion of Mastacomys, an arrangement not supported by local authorities due to the clear differences between Mastacomys and other Pseudomys. Here I review the phylogeny of Australian rodents, and suggest a 'common-sense' generic re-description of Pseudomys based on previous work, new mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies, and a critical appraisal of the biological attributes of each species group within Pseudomys. I propose that if species groups such as the pebble-mound mice, typified by behaviour not observed in any other mammals, are not recognized as genera, the taxon becomes meaningless. I suggest criteria by which future morphological and genetic studies can test the utility of characters in identifying systematic relationships among the conilurine rodents, and propose groups to be fully described as genera following morphological review in a forthcoming paper. (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 89, 117-138
SN  - 0024-4066
AV  - James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Zool & Trop Ecol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000239783900010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2324
T1  - Blood conservation in the intensive care unit 1092
A1  - Fowler,R.A.
A1  - Berenson,M.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J English Review Fowler, RA, Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Ctr Hlth Sci, 2075 Bayview Ave,Room D4-78, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada 70 2 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA CRIT CARE MED DEC Suppl. S Discipline: Critical Care Medicine 758LR
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ACP Journal Club
KW  - AGENT
KW  - And
KW  - Anemia
KW  - AUTO-TRANSFUSION
KW  - BEDSIDE
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARDIAC OPERATIONS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Catheter
KW  - CELL
KW  - CELL TRANSFUSION
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical outcome
KW  - CLINICAL-OUTCOMES
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - CONSERVATION
KW  - conservation strategy
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICALLY ILL
KW  - Critically Ill Patient
KW  - Critically Ill Patients
KW  - CRITICALLY-ILL
KW  - CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY TESTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hematocrit
KW  - IATROGENIC ANEMIA
KW  - ILL
KW  - ILL PATIENTS
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Management
KW  - MEDICAL PROGRESS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - MINIMIZATION
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - MULTIPLE
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - OF-AMERICAN-PATHOLOGISTS
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Phlebotomy
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional education
KW  - RECOMBINANT-HUMAN-ERYTHROPOIETIN
KW  - Register
KW  - REMOVAL
KW  - restrictive
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Sample
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - transfusion
KW  - TREAT
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TUBE
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - VOLUME
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S715
EP  - S720
JF  - Critical Care Medicine.2006 Sep; 34(9): 2294-301, 2309.(113 ref)
J1  - Critical Care Medicine
VL  - 31
IS  - 12
N2  - Objective: To describe blood conservation strategies for critically ill patients. Data Sources: By using a predefined strategy, we searched the electronic databases of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, ACP Journal Club, Database of abstracts of reviews and effects, and HealthSTAR for descriptions and evaluations of strategies of blood conservation among critically ill patents. Data Summary: A number of blood conservation strategies have been used to prevent or treat anemia among critically ill patients. These include restrictive diagnostic phlebotomy using small-volume or pediatric phlebotomy tubes, point-of-care and inline bedside microanalysis, minimization of diagnostic sample waste, minimization of routine multiple daily phlebotomies, red blood cell salvage and antifibrinolytic agents for bleeding patients, consideration of removal of central venous and arterial catheters when no longer required for physiologic monitoring, threshold-based transfusion policy, and healthcare professional education. Conclusions: There are many strategies of blood conservation for critically ill patients. The effects of these strategies on phlebotomy volumes, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, transfusion requirements, clinical outcomes, as well as intensive care unit and laboratory resources and costs should be further evaluated
SN  - 0090-3493
AV  - Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Ctr Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med & Interdepart, Div Crit Care Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000187636200010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2325
T1  - Spiral imaging: A critical appraisal 667
A1  - Block,K.T.
A1  - Frahm,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Frahm, J, Biomed NMR Forsch GmbH, Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37070 Gottingen, Germany jfrahm@gwdg.de 28 1 JOHN WILEY & SONS INC HOBOKEN 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA J MAGN RESON IMAGING JUN Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 930YV
KW  - ACQUISITION
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARTIFACTS
KW  - brain
KW  - brain imaging
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - choice
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - Computer
KW  - Computer Simulation
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - ECHO-PLANAR
KW  - echo-planar imaging
KW  - English
KW  - experiments
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - FOURIER INVERSION
KW  - Germany
KW  - GRIDDING ALGORITHM
KW  - HAND
KW  - Human
KW  - Image Quality
KW  - Imaging
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INTERPOLATION
KW  - magnetic resonsance imaging
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MRI
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Performance
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - quality
KW  - Radiology
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION
KW  - regridding
KW  - Review
KW  - RIVER
KW  - Sampling
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - Simulation
KW  - single-shot imaging
KW  - SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION
KW  - spiral imaging
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - trajectory
KW  - USA
KW  - VIEW
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 657
EP  - 668
JF  - Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
N2  - In view of recent application in cardiovascular and functional brain imaging, this work revisits the basic performance characteristics of spiral imaging in direct comparison to echo-planar imaging (EPI) and to conventional rapid gradient-echo imaging. Using both computer simulation and experiments on phantoms and human subjects at 2.9 T, the study emphasizes single-shot applications and addresses the design of a suitable trajectory, the choice of a gridding algorithm, and the sensitivity to experimental inadequacies. As a general results, the combination of a spiral trajectory with regridding of the k-space data poses no principle obstacle for high-quality imaging. On the other hand, experimental difficulties such as gradient deviations, resonance offset contributions, and concomitant field effects cause more pronounced and even less acceptable image artifacts than usually obtained for EPI. Moreover, when ignoring parallel imaging strategies that are also applicable to EPI, improvements of image quality via reduced acquisition periods are only achievable by interleaved multishot spirals because partial Fourier sampling and rectangular fields of view (FOVs) cannot be exploited for non-Cartesian trajectories. Taken together, while spiral imaging may find its niche applications, most high-speed imaging needs are more easily served by EPI
SN  - 1053-1807
AV  - Biomed NMR Forsch GmbH, Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37070 Gottingen, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000229453900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2326
T1  - IDET: a criticat appraisal of the evidence 166
A1  - Freeman,B.J.C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Freeman, BJC, Univ Nottingham Hosp, Queens Med Ctr, Ctr Spinal Studies & Surg, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England brian.freeman@nuh.nhs.uk 30 1 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA EUR SPINE J AUG Suppl. 3 Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics 095PX
KW  - ADVANTAGE
KW  - And
KW  - ANNULOPLASTY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BACK
KW  - back pain
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - Catheter
KW  - CAUDA-EQUINA SYNDROME
KW  - Centre for Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - clinical efficacy
KW  - clinical outcome
KW  - COHORT
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - cohort study
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - DISABILITY INDEX
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Endoscopy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - Functional Status
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - INTERNAL DISC DISRUPTION
KW  - intradiscal electrothermal therapy
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Low Back Pain
KW  - LOW-BACK-PAIN
KW  - Measurement
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neurology
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - Pain
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - Placebo
KW  - POSSIBLE MECHANISMS
KW  - PROSPECTIVE COHORT
KW  - randomised controlled trial
KW  - randomised controlled trials
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Study
KW  - RETURN
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - SPINE
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
KW  - Work
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S448
EP  - S457
JF  - European Spine Journal.Vol.15(SUPPL.15)()(pp S448-S457), 2006.
J1  - European Spine Journal
VL  - 15
N2  - Smith and Nephew (Endoscopy division, Andover, MA, USA) have estimated that 60,000 IntraDiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET) procedures have been performed world wide up to June 2005. Despite the large number of procedures performed, a critical appraisal of the evidence of efficacy of IDET has not appeared in the literature. This paper reviews the current evidence of clinical efficacy for IDET obtained via a systematic review of the literature. Studies were included if they used at least one of four specified primary outcome measures; pain intensity as assessed by a visual analogue score (VAS), global measurement of overall improvement, back specific functional status such as Oswestry disability Index (ODI) and return to work. Levels of evidence were assigned according to the hierarchy described by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (www.cebm.net). Papers addressing possible mechanisms of action of IDET were not considered as the focus of the literature review was clinical effectiveness. Eleven prospective cohort studies (level 11 evidence) were reported on a total of 256 patients with a mean follow-up of 17.1 months (range 12-28 months). The mean improvement in the VAS for back pain was 3.4 points (range 1.4-6.5) and the mean improvement in ODI was 5.2 points (range 4.0-6.4). A total of 379 patients were reported in five retrospective studies (level III evidence). Between 13 and 23% of patients subsequently underwent surgery for low back pain within the study period. Two randomised controlled trials of IDET have been reported in the literature. The first randomised 64 patients (37 to IDET, 27 to Sham). The advantage for IDET patients amounted to 1.3 points on the VAS and seven points on the ODI. The second study randomised 57 subjects (38 to IDET, 19 to Sham) and showed no benefit from IDET over placebo. The evidence for efficacy of IDET remains weak and has not passed the standard of scientific proof
SN  - 0940-6719
AV  - Univ Nottingham Hosp, Queens Med Ctr, Ctr Spinal Studies & Surg, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England.
UR  - ISI:000241321100020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2327
T1  - The relevance of the glycaemic index to our understanding of dietary carbohydrates 1956
A1  - Frost,G.
A1  - Dornhorst,A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Review Frost, G, Hammersmith Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, London W12 0HS, England 81 17 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND DIABETIC MED MAY Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 319KB
KW  - ADIPOSE-TISSUE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BLOOD-GLUCOSE RESPONSE
KW  - Carbohydrate
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Risk
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - control
KW  - CORONARY HEART-DISEASE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS
KW  - Diet
KW  - DIETARY
KW  - dietary carbohydrate
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - glycaemic index
KW  - health
KW  - HIGH-GLYCEMIC-INDEX
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - insulin
KW  - Insulin Resistance
KW  - intervention
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medline
KW  - METABOLIC CONTROL
KW  - METABOLIC SYNDROME
KW  - metabolism
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MIXED MEALS
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - PLASMA-GLUCOSE
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevention
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Teams
KW  - TERM
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 336
EP  - 345
JF  - Diabetic Medicine
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
N2  - Aims To review the evidence for the importance of glycaemic index of dietary carbohydrate in disease prevention and control Methods A critical appraisal of the literature published in English between and cited on Medline between January 1966 and October 1999. Results Using basic, intervention and epidemiological studies from experienced teams, evidence that the glycaemic index of diet may influence outcome in terms of cardiovascular risk, risk of metabolic syndrome diseases and pregnancy was found Conclusions Consideration of glycaemic indices in making dietary recommendations may be expected to produce additional health benefit
SN  - 0742-3071
AV  - Hammersmith Hosp, Dept Nutr & Dietet, London W12 0HS, England.
UR  - ISI:000087339100002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2328
T1  - Losses of potatoes in cold storage vis-a-vis types, mechanism and influential factors 1668
A1  - Chourasia,M.K.
A1  - Goswami,T.K.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Goswami, TK, Indian Inst Technol, Dept Agr & Food Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India 95 5 ASSN FOOD SCIENT TECHN INDIA MYSORE CENTRAL FOOD TECHNOL RES INST, MYSORE 570013, INDIA J FOOD SCI TECHNOL-MYSORE JUL-AUG Discipline: Food Science & Technology 465ZZ
KW  - And
KW  - cold storage
KW  - Countries
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - English
KW  - FOOD
KW  - form
KW  - Freezing
KW  - high temperatures
KW  - Humidity
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - India
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LOSSES
KW  - LOW-TEMPERATURE
KW  - MATTER
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - PARAMETERS
KW  - PART
KW  - potato
KW  - quality
KW  - relative humidity
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - stacking
KW  - STORAGE
KW  - storage losses
KW  - Technology
KW  - Temperature
KW  - TEMPERATURES
KW  - values
KW  - VENTILATION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 301
EP  - 313
JF  - Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
N2  - Losses of potatoes in cold storage occur in all the potato-producing countries and are caused, in part, by excessive high temperatures during storage, which increase rotting, decay and loss of edible quality and nutritive values. In some cases, freezing or chilling injury, also called cold injury, caused by low temperatures may be involved. Other serious losses are caused by mechanical injury from careless or rough handling and by shrinkage or wilting because of moisture loss. Diseases and pests, which develop during favourable conditions in cold storage, may also cause losses in the form of rottage, decay, poor germination and deformation. The extent of losses of potatoes in cold storage depends on a number of factors and the most important ones are temperature, humidity, ventilation and the condition of potatoes stored. Therefore, the matter of reducing the storage losses directly leads to the problem of providing more efficient and appropriate storage arrangements for potatoes. An attempt has been made in this review, to critically appraise the types of losses of potatoes in cold storage, their causes, preventive measures and important factors affecting the extent of these losses
SN  - 0022-1155
AV  - Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Fac Agr Engn, Dept Food Technol, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, India.
UR  - ISI:000170621000001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2329
T1  - Critical appraisal of salting-out and its implications for chemical and biological sciences 804
A1  - Grover,P.K.
A1  - Ryall,R.L.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Grover, PK, Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Med, Flinders Med Ctr, Dept Surg,Div Urol,Urol Unit, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia pk.grover@flinders.edu.au 145 8 AMER CHEMICAL SOC WASHINGTON 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA CHEM REV JAN Discipline: Chemistry, Multidisciplinary 887HS
KW  - ACID NEPHROLITHIASIS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Australia
KW  - biological
KW  - CALCIUM-OXALATE STONES
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - EXTRACTION PROCEDURE
KW  - HUMAN WHOLE-BLOOD
KW  - IN-VITRO
KW  - MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
KW  - MONOSODIUM URATE
KW  - PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - SURFACE HYDROPHOBICITY
KW  - UNDILUTED HUMAN URINE
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - Washington
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
JF  - Chemical Reviews
VL  - 105
IS  - 1
SN  - 0009-2665
AV  - Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Med, Flinders Med Ctr, Dept Surg,Div Urol,Urol Unit, Bedford Pk, SA 5042, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000226297100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2330
T1  - Effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems on physician performance and patient outcomes - A systematic review 2310
A1  - Hunt,D.L.
A1  - Haynes,R.B.
A1  - Hanna,S.E.
A1  - Smith,K.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J English Review Haynes, RB, McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci,Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hlth Informat Res Unit, Room 3H7,1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada bhaynes@fhs.mcmaster.ca 91 393 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN OCT 21 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 129PQ
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chicago
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL DECISIONS
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Computer
KW  - computer software
KW  - Computer System
KW  - computer systems
KW  - conference proceedings
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision support
KW  - Decision Support System
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT
KW  - DECISION-SUPPORT-SYSTEMS
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - influenza vaccination
KW  - INNER-CITY SETTINGS
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Medical Care
KW  - MEDICAL-CARE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - On
KW  - ORAL ANTICOAGULATION
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - PATIENT OUTCOMES
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - PHYSICIAN PERFORMANCE
KW  - power
KW  - Power Analysis
KW  - PREVENTIVE CARE
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - PROMOTING SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY
KW  - quality
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Scisearch
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Searching
KW  - Software
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - WARFARIN THERAPY
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1339
EP  - 1346
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 280
IS  - 15
N2  - Context.-Many computer software developers and vendors claim that their systems can directly improve clinical decisions. As for other health care interventions, such claims should be based on careful trials that assess their effects on clinical performance and, preferably, patient outcomes. Objective.-To systematically review controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) on physician performance and patient outcomes. Data Sources.-We updated earlier reviews covering 1974 to 1992 by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, INSPEC, SCISEARCH, and the Cochrane Library bibliographic databases from 1992 to March 1998. Reference lists and conference proceedings were reviewed and evaluators of CDSSs were contacted. Study Selection.-Studies were included if they involved the use of a CDSS in a clinical setting by a health care practitioner and assessed the effects of the system prospectively with a concurrent control. Data Extraction.-The validity of each relevant study (scored from 0-10) was evaluated in duplicate. Data on setting, subjects, computer systems, and outcomes were abstracted and a power analysis was done on studies with negative findings. Data Synthesis.-A total of 68 controlled trials met our criteria, 40 of which were published since 1992, Quality scores ranged from 2 to 10, with more recent trials rating higher (mean, 7.7) than earlier studies (mean, 6.4) (P<.001), Effects on physician performance were assessed in 65 studies and 43 found a benefit (66%). These included 9 of 15 studies on drug dosing systems, 1 of 5 studies on diagnostic aids, 14 of 19 preventive care systems, and 19 of 26 studies evaluating CDSSs for other medical care. Six of 14 studies assessing patient outcomes found a benefit. Of the remaining 8 studies, only 3 had a power of greater than 80% to detect a clinically important effect. Conclusions.-Published studies of CDSSs are increasing rapidly, and their quality is improving. The CDSSs can enhance clinical performance for drug dosing, preventive care, and other aspects of medical care, but not convincingly for diagnosis. The effects of CDSSs on patient outcomes have been insufficiently studied
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - McMaster Univ, Med Ctr, Fac Hlth Sci,Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hlth Informat Res Unit, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada. McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Grad Program Hlth Res Methodol, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000076472500028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2331
T1  - Reforming internal medicine residency training - A report from the Society of General Internal Medicine's task force for residency reform 478
A1  - Holmboe,E.S.
A1  - Bowen,J.L.
A1  - Green,M.
A1  - Gregg,J.
A1  - DiFrancesco,L.
A1  - Reynolds,E.
A1  - Alguire,P.
A1  - Battinelli,D.
A1  - Lucey,C.
A1  - Duffy,D.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Holmboe, ES, Amer Board Internal Med, 510 Walnut St,Suite 1700, St Petersburg 191011, Russia eholmboe@abim.org 155 6 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J GEN INTERN MED DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 997OG
KW  - CLINICAL SKILLS
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - cultural competence
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - FORCE
KW  - GUIDE NO.14
KW  - HEALTH-PROFESSIONS EDUCATION
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - Medicine
KW  - MORNING REPORT
KW  - OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
KW  - PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION
KW  - Publishing
KW  - reform
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - residency training
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - ST-PETERSBURG
KW  - TASK-FORCE
KW  - Training
KW  - WORK HOURS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1165
EP  - 1172
JF  - Journal of General Internal Medicine
VL  - 20
IS  - 12
SN  - 0884-8734
AV  - Amer Board Internal Med, St Petersburg 191011, Russia.
UR  - ISI:000234254700017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2332
T1  - A critical appraisal of review articles on the effectiveness of conservative treatment for neck pain 1797
A1  - Hoving,J.L.
A1  - Gross,A.R.
A1  - Gasner,D.
A1  - Kay,T.
A1  - Kennedy,C.
A1  - Hondras,M.A.
A1  - Haines,T.
A1  - Bouter,L.M.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Hoving, JL, Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst Res Extramural Med, Fac Med, Van der Boechorststr 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands 52 38 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SPINE JAN 15 Discipline: Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics 396FT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - BACK
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - CERVICAL-SPINE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - computerized
KW  - conservative
KW  - CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT
KW  - CONSERVATIVE THERAPY
KW  - Conservative Treatment
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMERS
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - GENERAL-POPULATION
KW  - health
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Language
KW  - Management
KW  - MANIPULATION
KW  - MANUAL THERAPY
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Neurology
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Orthopedics
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Pain
KW  - Population
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality Assessment
KW  - question
KW  - READ
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SPINE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - USA
KW  - varieties
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 196
EP  - 205
JF  - Spine.Vol.31(13)()(pp 1405-1409), 2006.
J1  - Spine
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
N2  - Study Design. A criteria-based appraisal of review articles on neck pain. Objectives. To assess the methodologic quality, conclusions, and extent of concordance among reviews on the conservative treatment of neck disorders. Summary of Background Data. During the past decades there has been an increasing interest in summarizing and analyzing the available evidence on the effectiveness of conservative management of neck pain. Considering the growing number and quality of reviews, consumers may question which reviews to read and believe. Methods. Computerized bibliographic databases were searched without language restriction. The reviews assessed had been published before January 1998, included neck pain and evaluated conservative therapies, and reported at least one controlled clinical trial. Identification, selection, and quality assessment were performed independently by two investigators. Results. Of the 108 identified articles, 25 review articles were selected, of which 12 were systematic reviews. The reviews differed in their reporting of study population, interventions, and outcomes. Statistical pooling was performed in two high-quality systematic reviews, whereas in other reviews, the investigators explicitly decided not to pool data. The results of the current study show that the concordance among reviews varied. Regarding manipulation and traction, there is inconclusive evidence among reviews. Concordance regarding the effectiveness of other conservative interventions was absent. Many of the reviews displayed major methodologic flaws. Conclusions. Consumers should consider reports of reviews both carefully and critically, given the wide variety of review methodology, descriptive information, and final conclusions. There is a paucity of evidence from primary studies on neck pain. Therefore, more research is needed to allow systematic reviews to formulate stronger conclusions
SN  - 0362-2436
AV  - Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst Res Extramural Med, Fac Med, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hamilton Hlth Sci Corp, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Physiotherapy Serv, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Phys Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sunnybrook & Womens Coll, Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada. Consortial Ctr Chiropract Res, Davenport, IA USA.
UR  - ISI:000166626200015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2333
T1  - Evidence-based medicine: Fifteen years later. Golem the good, the bad, and the ugly in need of a review? 118
A1  - Jenicek,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Jenicek, M, McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada jenicekm@mcmaster.ca 46 0 INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC ALBERTSON 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA MED SCI MONITOR NOV Discipline: Medicine, Research & Experimental 106YM
KW  - Achievement
KW  - alternatives
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argumentation
KW  - Canada
KW  - Classification
KW  - classifications
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE 12
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal and uses of evidence
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Expectation
KW  - expectations
KW  - expertise
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GAP
KW  - HARD ART
KW  - HEALTH-CARE DEBATE
KW  - Integration
KW  - JENICEK,,M.2006
KW  - LESSONS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Logic
KW  - logic and critical thinking in clinical practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - practice
KW  - PREFERENCE
KW  - PREFERENCES
KW  - question
KW  - REASONED MEDICINE
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - RULE
KW  - RULES
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - SOFT SCIENCE
KW  - Solid
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - teaching and research
KW  - Thinking
KW  - TOOL
KW  - USA
KW  - Use
KW  - values
KW  - WORD
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - RA241
EP  - RA251
JF  - Medical Science Monitor
VL  - 12
IS  - 11
N2  - Despite its well-deserved Strengths, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)'s shell still remains half-full. Its strong points are clouded in persisting philosophical gaps and mostly ideological advancements of its concepts and rules. Further clarification of its logic and critical use of evidence is required. In this non-systematic essay and review, several present and future necessary achievements are outlined: Solid methodological tools were developed under the umbrella of surprisingly less-operational definition (s) of EBM and 'evidence' itself, incomplete classifications of various evidences and limited scope of original critical appraisal of evidence. The integration of the best evidence with clinical expertise, setting and circumstances, as well as patient expectations, values, and preferences and the application of evidence to a specific patient have only been conceptually traced so far and usable rules remain in waiting. The question of whether the practice of EBM produces better results than its alternatives also remains unanswered. Uses of the best evidence as a basis for the fundamental elements of modern argumentation and critical thinking applied to medicine may be one of the promising paths, but this approach still must be more widely applied and evaluated on its own merit. In other words, we do have a point, but it needs to be improved
SN  - 1234-1010
AV  - McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000242137900018
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2334
T1  - Educational input and patient outcomes: exploring the gap 2016
A1  - Jordan,S.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Review Jordan, S, Univ Wales, Sch Hlth Sci, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales 156 16 BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD OXFORD P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND J ADV NURS FEB Discipline: Nursing 286TB
KW  - academic diaries
KW  - AGENDA
KW  - And
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Effectiveness
KW  - clinical outcome
KW  - CLINICAL-OUTCOMES
KW  - comparator groups
KW  - continuing professional education
KW  - CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL-EDUCATION
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - COURSES
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Drawing
KW  - Education
KW  - educator
KW  - educators
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - EMPIRICAL-EVIDENCE
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based care
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GAP
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IF
KW  - Impact
KW  - IMPACT EVALUATION
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - Interview
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Into
KW  - Jordan
KW  - Literature
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurse Practitioners
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - PATIENT OUTCOMES
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Physicians
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional education
KW  - quality
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - RESEARCH DESIGNS
KW  - research method
KW  - research methods
KW  - Review
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - Science
KW  - Student
KW  - TERM
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Wales
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 461
EP  - 471
JF  - Journal of Advanced Nursing.2006 Apr; 54(1): 73-85.(77 ref)
J1  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
N2  - Over the last two decades, the health care professions in the United Kingdom have seen an unparalleled expansion of continuing professional education (CPE) and development (CPD) programmes; however, there is little empirical evidence that these enhance the care delivered to patients. Further research is also needed to demonstrate that these initiatives are linked to improved patient outcomes. If health care educators are to move towards an 'evidence-based curriculum', some restructuring of courses may be needed. Priorities should be set and decisions made, based on the results of reliable and valid research into the clinical outcomes of CPE. To evaluate courses and demonstrate educational effectiveness solely in terms of student satisfaction is not enough; to survive in the world of evidence-based care, educators must also demonstrate their contribution to clinical effectiveness. However, the neoteric held of impact evaluation lacks not only validated research methods, but also an agreed agenda for future research. Drawing on interviews undertaken with nurses who have participated in education evaluations and the relevant literature, this paper discusses the available data collection instruments and the development of viable research designs and methods, which are urgently needed to assess the outcomes of professional education programmes
SN  - 0309-2402
AV  - Univ Wales, Sch Hlth Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales.
UR  - ISI:000085460800044
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2335
T1  - Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty 1706
A1  - Cooter,R.
A1  - Babidge,W.
A1  - Mutimer,K.
A1  - Wickham,P.
A1  - Robinson,D.
A1  - Kiroff,G.
A1  - Chapman,A.
A1  - Maddern,G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Maddern, G, POB 688, N Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia 69 5 BLACKWELL SCIENCE ASIA CARLTON 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA AUST N Z J SURG MAY Discipline: Surgery 445YU
KW  - 1.2 MHZ ULTRASOUND
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Animal Model
KW  - animal models
KW  - ANIMAL-MODEL
KW  - Asia
KW  - ASPIRATION
KW  - Australia
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - Bias
KW  - Case Report
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - CHANCE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - complications
KW  - Confounding
KW  - CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS
KW  - content
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - DAMAGE
KW  - data
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND
KW  - discipline
KW  - DNA
KW  - DNA-SYNTHESIS
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Embase
KW  - ENERGY
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - fatigue
KW  - HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES
KW  - IN-VITRO
KW  - IN-VIVO
KW  - inclusion
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - interventional
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning curve
KW  - LEARNING-CURVE
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - lipoplasty
KW  - liposuction
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RATES
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - study designs
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - Surgery
KW  - TERM
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Time
KW  - TISSUE
KW  - TISSUE FRAGMENTATION
KW  - TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - TUMESCENT LIPOSUCTION
KW  - Ultrasonography
KW  - Ultrasound
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Use
KW  - Victoria
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 309
EP  - 317
JF  - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
N2  - Background: Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty (UAL) has been associated with particular types of complications and uncertain long-term effects arising from interactions between ultrasonic energy and living tissue. The present review seeks to address these issues. Methods: Search strategy Three search strategies were devised to retrieve literature from Medline, Current Contents, Embase and Cochrane Library databases up until April 2000. Study selection Inclusion of papers was largely determined using a predetermined protocol. English language papers were selected. Acceptable study designs included randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, case series or case reports. Data collection and analysis Thirty-six papers met the inclusion criteria. They were tabulated and critically appraised in terms of methodology and design, outcomes, and the possible influence of bias, confounding and chance. Other papers were also included to provide background material. Results: There was little high-level evidence available comparing UAL and suction-assisted lipoplasty (SAL), with no conclusive evidence that UAL has a safety benefit, although low-quality evidence suggests that UAL is associated with reduced surgeon fatigue as well as increased operating times, slower aspiration rates and an increased learning curve. There is inadequate evidence to determine whether the theoretical potential for DNA damage from ultrasound is realized in the clinical setting. Conclusions: The evidence base for UAL is inadequate to determine the procedure's safety and efficacy. The potential for DNA damage must be investigated with appropriate in vivo animal models. Recommendations for the safe use of UAL are discussed
SN  - 0004-8682
AV  - Royal Australian Coll Surg, ASERNIP S, N Adelaide, SA, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000169486800012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2336
T1  - Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: a synthesis of evidence with 'best practice' recommendations 420
A1  - Flynn,M.A.T.
A1  - McNeil,D.A.
A1  - Maloff,B.
A1  - Mutasingwa,D.
A1  - Wu,M.
A1  - Ford,C.
A1  - Tough,S.C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review McNeil, DA, Child & Womens Hlth Calgary Hlth Reg, Decis Support Res Team, Calgary, AB, Canada Debbie.McNeil@CalgaryHealthRegion.ca 335 6 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND OBES REV FEB Suppl. 1 Discipline: Endocrinology & Metabolism 018BN
KW  - activity
KW  - adverse effects
KW  - Affect
KW  - Age
KW  - AMERICAN-INDIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - BEHAVIORAL WEIGHT CONTROL
KW  - Best practice
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - BODY-COMPOSITION
KW  - BODY-MASS INDEX
KW  - boys
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Canada
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular Disease
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW  - Child
KW  - Childhood
KW  - childhood obesity
KW  - children
KW  - chronic
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - composition
KW  - Countries
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Developed Country
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Developing Country
KW  - DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
KW  - development
KW  - DIABETES PREVENTION PROJECT
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - effort
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - ELEMENTS
KW  - EMPIRICALLY SUPPORTED TREATMENTS
KW  - Endocrinology
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - Epidemic
KW  - Ethnicity
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experts
KW  - Female
KW  - Females
KW  - Fitness
KW  - FOOD
KW  - FOOD-SERVICE INTERVENTION
KW  - form
KW  - GAP
KW  - guidance
KW  - health
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Health Status Indicators
KW  - HEALTH-PROMOTION PROGRAMS
KW  - HEALTH-STATUS
KW  - Home
KW  - home setting
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IF
KW  - Impact
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - indicators
KW  - Information
KW  - Insight
KW  - Integration
KW  - international
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - INVESTMENT
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Leadership
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Literature
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Male
KW  - Males
KW  - metabolism
KW  - methodological issues
KW  - Model
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - NUTRITION EDUCATION-PROGRAM
KW  - Obesity
KW  - On
KW  - OPPORTUNITY
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - OVERWEIGHT
KW  - PERIOD
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Activity
KW  - PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
KW  - Population
KW  - population health
KW  - practice
KW  - preschool
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Programming
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Reduction
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - research priorities
KW  - Research Protocols
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - RISKS
KW  - School
KW  - SCHOOL-BASED INTERVENTION
KW  - schools
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SETTINGS
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - synthesis research
KW  - TEAM
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - trends
KW  - UNDERSTAND
KW  - understanding
KW  - WEIGHT
KW  - WILL
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - youth
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 66
JF  - Obesity Reviews.Vol.8(1)()(pp 61-67), 2007.
J1  - Obesity Reviews
VL  - 7
N2  - Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and rising trends in overweight and obesity are apparent in both developed and developing countries. Available estimates for the period between the 1980s and 1990s show the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children increased by a magnitude of two to five times in developed countries (e.g. from 11% to over 30% in boys in Canada), and up to almost four times in developing countries (e.g. from 4% to 14% in Brazil). The goal of this synthesis research study was to develop best practice recommendations based on a systematic approach to finding, selecting and critically appraising programmes addressing prevention and treatment of childhood obesity and related risk of chronic diseases. An international panel of experts in areas of relevance to obesity provided guidance for the study. This synthesis research encompassed a comprehensive search of medical/academic and grey literature and the Internet covering the years 1982-2003. The appraisal approach developed to identify best practice was unique, in that it considered not only methodological rigour, but also population health, immigrant health and programme development/evaluation perspectives in the assessment. Scores were generated based on pre-determined criteria with programmes scoring in the top tertile of the scoring range in any one of the four appraisal categories included for further examination. The synthesis process included identification of gaps and an analysis and summary of programme development and programme effectiveness to enable conclusions to be drawn and recommendations to be made. The results from the library database searches (13 158 hits), the Internet search and key informant surveys were reduced to a review of 982 reports of which 500 were selected for critical appraisal. In total 158 articles, representing t47 programmes, were included for further analysis. The majority of reports were included based on high appraisal scores in programme development and evaluation with limited numbers eligible based on scores in other categories of appraisal. While no single programme emerged as a model of best practice, synthesis of included programmes provided rich information on elements that represent innovative rather than best practice under particular circumstances that are dynamic (changing according to population subgroups, age, ethnicity, setting, leadership, etc.). Thus the findings of this synthesis review identifies areas for action, opportunities for programme development and research priorities to inform the development of best practice recommendations that will reduce obesity and chronic disease risk in children and youth. A lack of programming to address the particular needs of subgroups of children and youth emerged in this review. Although immigrants new to developed countries may be more vulnerable to the obesogenic environment, no programmes were identified that specifically targeted their potentially specialized needs (e.g. different food supply in a new country). Children 0-6 years of age and males represented other population subgroups where obesity prevention programmes and evidence of effectiveness were limited. These gaps are of concern because (i) the pre-school years may be a critical period for obesity prevention as indicated by the association of the adiposity rebound and obesity in later years; and (ii) although the growing prevalence of obesity affects mates and females equally; males may be more vulnerable to associated health risks such as cardiovascular disease. Other gaps in knowledge identified during synthesis include a limited number of interventions in home and community settings and a lack of upstream population-based interventions. The shortage of programmes in community and home settings limits our understanding of the effectiveness of interventions in these environments, while the lack of upstream investment indicates an opportunity to develop more upstream and population-focused interventions to balance and extend the current emphasis on individual -based programmes. The evidence reviewed indicates that current programmes lead to short-term improvements in outcomes relating to obesity and chronic disease prevention with no adverse effects noted. This supports the continuation and further development of programmes currently directed at children and youth, as further evidence for best practice accumulates. In this synthesis, schools were found to be a critical setting for programming where health status indicators, such as body composition, chronic disease risk factors and fitness, can all be positively impacted. Engagement in physical activity emerged as a critical intervention in obesity prevention and reduction programmes. While many programmes in the review had the potential to integrate chronic disease prevention, few did; therefore efforts could be directed towards better integration of chronic disease prevention programmes to minimize duplication and optimize resources. Programmes require sustained long-term resources to facilitate comprehensive evaluation that will ascertain if long-term impact such as sustained normal weight is maintained. Furthermore, involving stakeholders in programme design, implementation and evaluation could be crucial to the success of interventions, helping to ensure that needs are met. A number of methodological issues related to the assessment of obesity intervention and prevention programmes were identified and offer insight into how research protocols can be enhanced to strengthen evidence for obesity interventions. Further research is required to understand the merits of the various forms in which interventions (singly and in combination) are delivered and in which circumstances they are effective. There is a critical need for the development of consistent indicators to ensure that comparisons of programme outcomes can be made to better inform best practice
SN  - 1467-7881
AV  - Child & Womens Hlth Calgary Hlth Reg, Decis Support Res Team, Calgary, AB, Canada. Healthy Living, Nutr & Act Living, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Agr & Food Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Paediat, Calgary, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000235737900002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2337
T1  - A critical appraisal of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition 1837
A1  - Chew,D.P.
A1  - Moliterno,D.J.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J English Review Moliterno, DJ, Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Desk F25,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA 63 34 ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC NEW YORK 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA J AMER COLL CARDIOL DEC Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 378TM
KW  - ABCIXIMAB
KW  - activity
KW  - AGENT
KW  - America
KW  - AMERICAN-COLLEGE
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Biology
KW  - Bleeding
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - College
KW  - Concepts
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - Dose Response
KW  - DOSE-RESPONSE
KW  - efficacy
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIBRINOGEN BINDING
KW  - GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITION
KW  - GPIIB-IIIA
KW  - HAND
KW  - IIB-IIIA
KW  - INCREASE
KW  - indications
KW  - inhibition
KW  - Insight
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - MECHANISM
KW  - MECHANISMS
KW  - Mortality
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - ORAL XEMILOFIBAN
KW  - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
KW  - PHASE
KW  - PHASE-III
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RECEPTOR BLOCKADE
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Safety
KW  - Science
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Success
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNSTABLE ANGINA
KW  - USA
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2028
EP  - 2035
JF  - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
VL  - 36
IS  - 7
N2  - Despite the success of abciximab in preventing ischemic events after percutaneous coronary interventions, attempts to develop intravenous, small molecule glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists and diversify the clinical indications for these agents have produced varied results. The 30-day ischemic event reduction in the percutaneous coronary intervention trials has ranged by over three-fold (16% to 56%) and is greater among the acute coronary syndrome trials. The phase III trials exploring the role of oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition have been consistently disappointing, with evolving evidence of increased mortality. Mechanisms contributing to these heterogeneous results may include normal variation in platelet or receptor number, differences in receptor activity, interpatient variation in pharmacological dose-response and the possibility of prothrombotic or nonglycoprotein IIb/IIIa effects. Plausibility of "suboptimal" effect is suggested by several recent studies. Trials investigating the role of intravenous small-molecule IIb/IIIa antagonists highlight the importance of effective dosing. The increase in bleeding and mortality observed in the oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa studies indicate the consequences of suboptimal dosing on safety on one hand, while raising the possibility of important prothrombotic, counterregulatory or other sudden cardiac events. This article will undertake a review of the relevant platelet biology, discuss the mechanisms that may contribute to suboptimal antiplatelet efficacy with these agents and examine insights from the clinical trials supporting these concepts. (C) 2000 by the American College of Cardiology
SN  - 0735-1097
AV  - Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.
UR  - ISI:000165600400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2338
T1  - Improving compliance in depression: a systematic review of narrative reviews 325
A1  - Bollini,P.
A1  - Pampallona,S.
A1  - Kupelnick,B.
A1  - Tibaldi,G.
A1  - Munizza,C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Munizza, C, Ctr Studi & Ric Psichiatria, Piazza Donatore Sangue 3, I-10154 Turin, Italy cmunizza@tin.it 61 0 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND J CLIN PHARM THER JUN Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 050CO
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIDEPRESSANT THERAPY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - chronic
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - compliance
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Depression
KW  - depressive disorders
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Education
KW  - efficacy
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - GAP
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Italy
KW  - Literature
KW  - LONG-TERM TREATMENT
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - Medication Compliance
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - method
KW  - NONCOMPLIANCE
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Education
KW  - PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - READ
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Time
KW  - TOLERABILITY
KW  - Training
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment adherence
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 253
EP  - 260
JF  - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
N2  - Background and objective: Narrative reviews represent a popular source of information for clinicians, especially where the evidence on a given subject is sparse and analogies from other fields of medicine may help in filling the information gap. Unfortunately, narrative reviews often follow less stringent criteria for information selection and appraisal than systematic reviews, potentially leading to incomplete or biased recommendations. The objective of the present study was to examine the quality of the recommendations provided by narrative reviews on how to improve patient adherence to pharmacological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. Method: We sought to locate all narrative review papers addressing adherence to treatment in unipolar depressive disorders. In order to do so, we searched Medline and PsychInfo from 1980 to December 2003, using the following keywords: review, depressive disorders, treatment, dropout, patient compliance and adherence. We inspected the title and the abstract, whenever available to identify the relevant reviews and obtained a full copy of the publications in this subset, and read the articles to identify further relevant reviews. These were in turn copied and reviewed, until no further references were found. Results and discussion: We identified 23 reviews, providing a total of 87 recommendations. The most common recommendation was for patient education (19 times), patient-physician empathy/alliance (14 times), and education of family (nine times). Reviewers' recommendations were based on the literature on depression 54 times, and on other medical conditions 17 times. A critical appraisal of the evidence base of the recommendations showed that randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses were quoted to support the recommendations only 23% of the times, while important interventions of proven efficacy in the field of depression or in other chronic conditions (e.g. medication clinics, training of nurses, psychological treatment, and telephone follow-up) were not mentioned. Conclusions: Narrative reviews on adherence to pharmacological treatment of depressive disorders suffer not only from the limited availability of good quality evidence, but also from an incomplete critical appraisal of available evidence on interventions both for depression and for other chronic disorders
SN  - 0269-4727
AV  - Ctr Studi & Ric Psichiatria, I-10154 Turin, Italy. forMed, Stat Med, Evolene, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000238065300007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2339
T1  - Critical appraisal and review of the Rankin Scale and its derivatives 504
A1  - New,P.W.
A1  - Buchbinder,R.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review New, PW, Kingston Ctr, Rehabil & Aged Serv Program, Warrigal Rd, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia Peter.New@southernhealth.org.au 65 2 KARGER BASEL ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology 987YW
KW  - ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE
KW  - Administration
KW  - Aged
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSIGN GRADES
KW  - Australia
KW  - Barthel Index
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinimetric
KW  - clinimetric properties
KW  - COMPARE TREATMENTS
KW  - Construct Validity
KW  - content
KW  - Content Validity
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DERIVATIVES
KW  - development
KW  - Disability
KW  - discipline
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Face Validity
KW  - feasibility
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - HANDICAP
KW  - health
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INTEROBSERVER AGREEMENT
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - method
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - outcome
KW  - Outcome Assessment
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - responsiveness
KW  - Review
KW  - SCALE
KW  - Scales
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Stroke
KW  - Structured Interview
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - T-PA
KW  - TELEPHONE INTERVIEW
KW  - TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 15
JF  - Neuroepidemiology.Vol.26(1)()(pp 4-15), 2006.
J1  - Neuroepidemiology
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - Background and Purpose: Efforts to reduce stroke burden require accurate assessment of outcomes in order to compare treatments. The Rankin Scale and its derivatives, the Modified Rankin Scale and the Oxford Handicap Scale, taken together, are among the most common outcome measures that have been used in stroke research. The aim of this study was to perform a critical appraisal of the clinimetric properties of these scales. It was also planned to review the use of these scales in a selection of articles to illustrate concerns raised by the critical appraisal. Summary of Review: A literature search was performed using electronic databases to locate relevant articles about the reviewed scales. The scales were appraised using a structured format regarding the following properties: purpose, development, presentation, language, method of administration, content validity, face validity, feasibility, construct validity, reliability, responsiveness, and generalizability. There are concerns in each of the appraised areas regarding the clinimetric properties of these scales. Conclusion: Further work is needed to improve the clinimetric properties of the reviewed scales to ensure that they are more useful tools in determining the outcome of stroke. Alternatively, a newer global outcome scale with improved clinimetric properties may be a better option for future stroke research. Copyright (C) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
SN  - 0251-5350
AV  - So Hlth, Kingston Ctr, Rehabil & Aged Serv Program, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Cabrini Hosp, Monash Dept Clin Epidemiol, Malvern, Vic, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Malvern, Vic, Australia.
UR  - ISI:000233554800002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2340
T1  - Evidence- and consensus-based practice guidelines for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome 1655
A1  - Fass,R.
A1  - Longstreth,G.F.
A1  - Pimentel,M.
A1  - Fullerton,S.
A1  - Russak,S.M.
A1  - Chiou,C.F.
A1  - Reyes,E.
A1  - Crane,P.
A1  - Eisen,G.
A1  - McCarberg,B.
A1  - Ofman,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J English Review Ofman, J, Zynx Hlth Inc, 9100 Wilshire Blvd,E Tower,Suite 655, Beverly Hills, CA 90212 USA 37 29 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA ARCH INTERN MED SEP 24 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 473QJ
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Bibliographic Database
KW  - bibliographic databases
KW  - BOWEL
KW  - CARE
KW  - CARE PHYSICIANS
KW  - challenge
KW  - Chicago
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - combined
KW  - computerized
KW  - Consensus
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - Delphi Technique
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - diagnostic criteria
KW  - diagnostic studies
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Tests
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - Diarrhea
KW  - discipline
KW  - discomfort
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Disorders
KW  - DYSPEPSIA
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - EXPERT PANEL
KW  - GAP
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Internal Validity
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - MANNING CRITERIA
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PATTERN
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - POSITIVE DIAGNOSIS
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - primary care
KW  - PRIMARY-CARE
KW  - quality
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - REMAINS
KW  - Review
KW  - ROME
KW  - SEVERITY
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - STATE
KW  - STATEMENT
KW  - STATEMENTS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - systematic literature review
KW  - Technique
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Time
KW  - USA
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 2081
EP  - 2088
JF  - Archives of Internal Medicine.Vol.166(21)()(pp 2307-2313), 2006.Date of Publication: 27 NOV 2006.
J1  - Archives of Internal Medicine
VL  - 161
IS  - 17
N2  - Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) presents a significant diagnostic and management challenge for primary care practitioners. Improving the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis may result in improved quality and efficiency of care. Objective: To systematically appraise the existing diagnostic criteria and combine the evidence with expert opinion to derive evidence- and consensus-based guidelines for a diagnostic approach to patients with suspected IBS. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review (January 1966-April 2000) of computerized bibliographic databases. Articles meeting explicit inclusion criteria for diagnostic studies in IBS were subjected to critical appraisal, which formed the basis of guideline statements presented to an expert panel. To develop a diagnostic algorithm, an expert panel of specialists and primary care physicians was used to fill in gaps in the literature. Consensus was developed using a modified Delphi technique. Results: The systematic literature review identified only 13 published studies regarding the effectiveness of competing diagnostic approaches for IBS, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and the internal validity of current diagnostic symptom criteria. Few studies met accepted methodological criteria. While symptom criteria have been validated, the utility of endoscopic and other diagnostic interventions remains unknown. An analysis of the literature, combined with consensus from experienced clinicians, resulted in the development of a diagnostic algorithm relevant to primary care that emphasizes a symptom-based diagnostic approach, refers patients with alarm symptoms to subspecialists, and reserves radiographic, endoscopic, and other tests for referral cases. The resulting algorithm highlights the reliance on symptom criteria and comprises a primary module, 3 submodules based on the predominant symptom pattern (constipation, diarrhea, and pain) and severity level, and a subspecialist referral module. Conclusions: The dearth of available evidence highlights the need for more rigorous scientific validation to identify the most accurate methods of diagnosing IBS. Until such time, the diagnostic algorithm presented herein could inform decision making for a range of providers caring for primary care patients with abdominal discomfort or pain and altered bowel function suggestive of IBS
SN  - 0003-9926
AV  - Zynx Hlth Inc, Beverly Hills, CA 90212 USA. So Arizona Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Tucson, AZ USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. Cedars Sinai Hlth Syst, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Cedars Sinai Hlth Syst, Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA.
UR  - ISI:000171056600002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2341
T1  - Pharmacogenetics in clinical practice: considerations for testing 424
A1  - Constable,S.
A1  - Johnson,M.R.
A1  - Pirmohamed,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Pirmohamed, M, Univ Liverpool, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Ashton St Med Sch, Ashton St, Liverpool L69 3GE, Merseyside, England munirp@liverpool.ac.uk 87 0 FUTURE DRUGS LTD LONDON UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND EXPERT REV MOL DIAGN MAR Discipline: Pathology 019GO
KW  - ABACAVIR HYPERSENSITIVITY
KW  - ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA
KW  - analytical
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - BETA-CELL GENES
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - essential
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Experience
KW  - FIELD
KW  - form
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - Goals
KW  - healthcare
KW  - HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
KW  - INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE
KW  - Into
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - LEAD
KW  - London
KW  - METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Pharmacogenetics
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN
KW  - Review
KW  - RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS
KW  - S-METHYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
KW  - Screening
KW  - Screening Test
KW  - SCREENING-TEST
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technology
KW  - testing
KW  - TESTS
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 193
EP  - 205
JF  - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics.Vol.6(2)()(pp 193-205), 2006.
J1  - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
N2  - Pharmacogenetics is a rapidly evolving field that will undoubtedly lead to the development of pharmacogenetic tests. Such tests will need to be assimilated into healthcare systems, but represent a further call on scarce healthcare resources. Therefore, in order for a pharmacogenetic test to fulfill its potential beyond the laboratory and into the clinical environment, it must prove itself on a wide range of multifaceted criteria. The test must have proven and reproducible analytical and clinical validity, and stand up to critical appraisal of clinical utility and cost-effectiveness. Pharmacogenetic testing can be considered to be a form of screening, and the experience that has been gained to date in evaluating other forms of screening tests may prove beneficial in evaluating pharmacogenetic technology. It is essential that the goals of pharmacogenetic testing are defined as early as possible to ensure that appropriate studies can be designed to provide the evidence base, and thereby enable appropriate evaluation of the technology by clinicians and healthcare administrators for incorporation into clinical practice. This review focuses on issues that will need to be considered in the scientific assessment of pharmacogenetic testing
SN  - 1473-7159
AV  - Univ Liverpool, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Ashton St Med Sch, Liverpool L69 3GE, Merseyside, England. Charing Cross Hosp, Imperial Coll Sch Med, Div Neurosci & Mental Hlth, London W6 8RF, England.
UR  - ISI:000235823800007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2342
T1  - What is the best protocol of single-agent methotrexate chemotherapy in nonmetastatic or low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors? A review of the evidence 306
A1  - Foulmann,K.
A1  - Guastalla,J.P.
A1  - Caminet,N.
A1  - Trillet-Lenoir,V.
A1  - Raudrant,D.
A1  - Golfier,F.
A1  - Schott,A.M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Schott, AM, Hospices Civils Lyon, Dept Med Informat, 162 Ave Lacassagne, F-69424 Lyon 03, France anne-marie.schott-pethelaz@chu-lyon.fr 33 0 ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE SAN DIEGO 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA GYNECOL ONCOL JUL Discipline: Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology 056CU
KW  - ACID
KW  - ACTINOMYCIN-D
KW  - ADVERSE EVENTS
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - choriocarcinoma
KW  - CITROVORUM FACTOR RESCUE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - control
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - Controlled Clinical Trials
KW  - COURSES
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - efficacy
KW  - ELEMENT
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - events
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experience
KW  - feasibility
KW  - folinic acid
KW  - form
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - gestational trophoblastic disease
KW  - Gynecology
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Hospices
KW  - Information
KW  - INFUSION
KW  - international
KW  - invasion
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - LOW-DOSE METHOTREXATE
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - metastases
KW  - metastatic
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - methotrexate
KW  - nonmetastatic trophoblastic tumors
KW  - Obstetrics
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - practice
KW  - practice variations
KW  - PRIMARY THERAPY
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Rare Disease
KW  - REGIMEN
KW  - Remission
KW  - Review
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERIES
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - tolerance
KW  - Toxicity
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - trophoblastic neoplasm
KW  - tumor
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - USA
KW  - WEEKLY INTRAMUSCULAR METHOTREXATE
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 103
EP  - 110
JF  - Gynecologic Oncology
VL  - 102
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective. Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD), a group of rare placenta disorders, have a varying potential for invasion, either local, or remote under the form of metastases, and are definitely cured by chemotherapy in 85 to 99% of cases. Single-agent methotrexate is the usual primary treatment for women with low-risk trophoblastic tumors (TT), yet various regimens are currently used worldwide. We reviewed these regimens and the available evidence for evaluating their respective efficacy and tolerance. Methods. We performed an exhaustive literature search and applied the French agency for evaluation in healthcare (HAS) methodology for critical appraisal and level of evidence. We summarised the protocols used in the selected studies and their respective results regarding efficacy and toxicity. Results. We selected 18 original studies on the efficacy and tolerance of methotrexate used alone or in association with folinic acid for the treatment of nonmetastatic or low-risk metastatic trophoblastic tumors. Among these 18 studies, 15 were retrospective series, 3 were prospective series without any control group, and none were controlled clinical trial. We identified four main chemotherapy regimens and two very different strategies for repeating the treatment courses. It was not possible to perform a metaanalysis due to the lack of controlled clinical trials. Because all studies were observational with no control group and methods were heterogeneous for scoring women, setting criteria for starting therapy, defining remission. and collecting information on adverse events, we found no objective element allowing recommending one protocol rather than another. Conclusion. Objective comparison should be addressed in the scope of comparative trials organised at the national or even international level. However their feasibility is highly problematic for rare diseases such as GTD. International collaborative works should be encouraged to reduce practice variations and allow a better comparability between strategies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
SN  - 0090-8258
AV  - Hospices Civils Lyon, Dept Med Informat, F-69424 Lyon 03, France. CHU Fort France, Serv Pharm, Martinique, France. Univ Lyon 1, Ctr Hosp Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils Lyon, Med Oncol Serv, F-69365 Lyon, France. Hospices Civils Lyon, Hop Hotel Dieu, Ctr Reference Malad Gestat Trophablast, F-69424 Lyon 03, France.
UR  - ISI:000238499500017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2343
T1  - Hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis - Systematic review of the literature 1043
A1  - Aggarwal,A.
A1  - Sempowski,I.P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Sempowski, IP, Family Med Ctr, 220 Bagot St,POB 8888, Kingston, ON K7L 5E9, Canada sempowsk@post.queensu.ca 32 9 COLL FAMILY PHYSICIANS CANADA MISSISSAUGA 2630 SKYMARK AVE, MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO L4W 5A4, CANADA CAN FAM PHYS FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 802XR
KW  - ACID
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - Canada
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - conservative
KW  - Conservative Treatment
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - family physicians
KW  - G-F 20
KW  - HYLAN G-F-20
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - injections
KW  - INTRAARTICULAR TRIAMCINOLONE HEXACETONIDE
KW  - JOINT
KW  - Knee
KW  - KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - Mesh Heading
KW  - MULTICENTER TRIAL
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - ONSET
KW  - Ontario
KW  - OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - REPLACEMENT
KW  - Review
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SODIUM HYALURONATE
KW  - Steroid
KW  - Steroids
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION
KW  - WORD
KW  - words
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 249
EP  - 256
JF  - Canadian Family Physician.Vol.52(12)()(pp 1553-1555), 2006.
J1  - Canadian Family Physician
VL  - 50
N2  - OBJECTIVE To determine whether viscosupplementation with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections improves pain and function in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in their knees. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases using the MeSH headings and key words osteoarthritis (knee) and hyaluronic acid. STUDY SELECTION English-language case series and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. Studies with biologic, histologic, or arthroscopic outcomes were excluded. SYNTHESIS Five case series and 13 RCTs were critically appraised. Data from three case series and three RCTs using injections of high-molecular-weight HA (Synvisc) demonstrated. significant improvement in pain, activity levels, and function. The beneficial effect started as early as 12 weeks. Studies using low-molecular-weight HA had conflicting results. CONCLUSION Viscosupplementation with high-molecular-weight HA is an effective treatment for patients with knee OA who have ongoing pain or are unable to tolerate conservative treatment or joint replacement. Viscosupplementation appears to have a slower onset of action than intra-articular steroids, but the effect seems to last longer
SN  - 0008-350X
AV  - Queens Univ, Dept Family Med, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
UR  - ISI:000220196700012
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2344
T1  - Assessment of body size estimation: A review 702
A1  - Farrell,C.
A1  - Lee,M.
A1  - Shafran,R.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Shafran, R, Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7JX, England roz.shafran@psych.ox.ac.uk 92 1 JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD CHICHESTER THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REV MAR-APR Discipline: Psychology, Clinical 920ZZ
KW  - And
KW  - anorexia
KW  - ANOREXIA-NERVOSA PATIENTS
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - Body Image
KW  - BULIMIA-NERVOSA
KW  - clinical
KW  - Copyright
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - Eating Disorder
KW  - EATING-DISORDER PATIENTS
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - IMAGE DISTURBANCES
KW  - Impact
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - maintenance
KW  - MENSTRUAL-CYCLE
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEGATIVE MOOD INDUCTION
KW  - NORMAL WOMEN
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - play
KW  - psychology
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - SHAPE PERCEPTION
KW  - SIGNAL
KW  - Signal Detection
KW  - SIGNAL-DETECTION APPROACH
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - understanding
KW  - varieties
KW  - VIDEO DISTORTION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 75
EP  - 88
JF  - European Eating Disorders Review
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
N2  - The overestimation of body size has been suggested to play an important role in the maintenance of anorexia nervosa. It has been assessed in a variety of ways and the aim of this review is to present a comprehensive and critical appraisal of body size estimation in eating disorders. The review starts by classifying the different methods used to assess the estimation of body size, and considers factors that have been shown to influence it. The signal detection approach to body size estimation is examined and the impact of body size estimation on treatment outcome is reviewed. It is concluded that the significance of body size estimation research in the understanding and treatment of eating disorders can only be determined by combining ecologically valid assessment methods with state-of-the-art interventions. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association
SN  - 1072-4133
AV  - Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX3 7JX, England.
UR  - ISI:000228735300001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2345
T1  - Instruments for evaluating education in evidence-based practice - A systematic review 225
A1  - Shaneyfelt,T.
A1  - Baum,K.D.
A1  - Bell,D.
A1  - Feldstein,D.
A1  - Houston,T.K.
A1  - Kaatz,S.
A1  - Whelan,C.
A1  - Green,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J English Review Shaneyfelt, T, Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, 700 S 19th St, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA terry.shaneyfelt@med.va.gov 142 3 AMER MEDICAL ASSOC CHICAGO 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA JAMA-J AM MED ASSN SEP 6 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 081DW
KW  - Alabama
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Birmingham
KW  - Chicago
KW  - Cinahl
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - Competence
KW  - context
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - database
KW  - Databases
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - DOMAINS
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - Embase
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evaluation Needs
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - extraction
KW  - FAMILY-PRACTICE RESIDENCY
KW  - feasibility
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - inclusion
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Management
KW  - Instrument
KW  - instruments
KW  - Integration
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medical Student
KW  - medical students
KW  - MEDICAL-STUDENTS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Performance
KW  - postgraduate
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
KW  - questions
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SEARCHING SKILLS
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STATE
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - Teaching
KW  - TEACHING CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - testing
KW  - USA
KW  - Validity
KW  - values
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1116
EP  - 1127
JF  - Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
VL  - 296
IS  - 9
N2  - Context Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the integration of the best research evidence with patients' values and clinical circumstances in clinical decision making. Teaching of EBP should be evaluated and guided by evidence of its own effectiveness. Objective To appraise, summarize, and describe currently available EBP teaching evaluation instruments. Data Sources and Study Selection We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HAPI, and ERIC databases; reference lists of retrieved articles; EBP Internet sites; and 8 education journals from 1980 through April 2006. For inclusion, studies had to report an instrument evaluating EBP, contain sufficient description to permit analysis, and present quantitative results of administering the instrument. Data Extraction Two raters independently abstracted information on the development, format, learner levels, evaluation domains, feasibility, reliability, and validity of the EBP evaluation instruments from each article. We defined 3 levels of instruments based on the type, extent, methods, and results of psychometric testing and suitability for different evaluation purposes. Data Synthesis Of 347 articles identified, 115 were included, representing 104 unique instruments. The instruments were most commonly administered to medical students and postgraduate trainees and evaluated EBP skills. Among EBP skills, acquiring evidence and appraising evidence were most commonly evaluated, but newer instruments evaluated asking answerable questions and applying evidence to individual patients. Most behavior instruments measured the performance of EBP steps in practice but newer instruments documented the performance of evidence-based clinical maneuvers or patient-level outcomes. At least 1 type of validity evidence was demonstrated for 53% of instruments, but 3 or more types of validity evidence were established for only 10%. High-quality instruments were identified for evaluating the EBP competence of individual trainees, determining the effectiveness of EBP curricula, and assessing EBP behaviors with objective outcome measures. Conclusions Instruments with reasonable validity are available for evaluating some domains of EBP and may be targeted to different evaluation needs. Further development and testing is required to evaluate EBP attitudes, behaviors, and more recently articulated EBP skills
SN  - 0098-7484
AV  - Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Dept Med, Madison, WI USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
UR  - ISI:000240298400013
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2346
T1  - Early management of ST elevation myocardial infarction: a review of practice 23
A1  - Farooq,M.
A1  - Qureshi,A.S.
A1  - Squire,I.B.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J English Review Squire, IB, Univ Hosp Leicester, Dept Cardiol, Leicester, Leics, England is11@le.ac.uk 85 0 INFORMA HEALTHCARE LONDON TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND EXPERT OPIN PHARMACOTHER MAR Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy 139UU
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - And
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - Article
KW  - aspirin
KW  - Attention
KW  - Bed
KW  - Bed Rest
KW  - bone marrow-derived stem cells
KW  - clinical
KW  - clopidogrel
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - ELEVATION
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evolution
KW  - FAILURE
KW  - Fibrinolytic Therapy
KW  - FLOW
KW  - GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITION
KW  - glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa inhibitors
KW  - healthcare
KW  - Into
KW  - INTRAVENOUS THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
KW  - LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
KW  - London
KW  - low molecular weight heparins
KW  - Management
KW  - MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN
KW  - myocardial infarction
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - OCCLUSION
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Oxygen Therapy
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
KW  - percutaneous intervention
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - practice
KW  - PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY
KW  - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - Relative
KW  - reperfusion
KW  - Rest
KW  - restoration
KW  - Review
KW  - SEGMENT-ELEVATION
KW  - ST elevation myocardial infarction
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Telephone
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - TO-BALLOON TIME
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 401
EP  - 413
JF  - Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy.Vol.6(3)()(pp 399-408), 2005.
J1  - Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
N2  - The last two decades of the 20th century witnessed continuous evolution in the understanding of the pathophysiology of ST elevation myocardial infarction. In parallel, the management of these patients developed steadily throughout this time and into the early years of the 21st century. From humble beginnings involving oxygen therapy, bed rest and analgesia, the relative merits of different strategies to open 'infarct-related arteries' (IRAs) are now being debated: pharmacological reperfusion, mechanical reperfusion or a combination of both these modalities. The current understanding of the process of thrombotic occlusion of the coronary artery has led to the appreciation of the importance of not simply opening the IRA, but also maintaining its patency once opened. Considerable attention is now being afforded to the significant minority of patients who do not achieve early, complete myocardial reperfusion, despite restoration of adequate flow down the epicardial IRA. Those patients who fail to achieve myocardial reperfusion, either due to late presentation or failure of reperfusion therapy, and are left with permanent myocardial scarring can now be considered. This article critically appraises the recent and emerging evidence and clinical implications of the contemporary management of ST elevation myocardial infarction
SN  - 1465-6566
AV  - Univ Hosp Leicester, Dept Cardiol, Leicester, Leics, England. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Dept Cardiol, London SW17 0RE, England. Univ Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirm, ConDept Cardiovasc Sci, Leicester LE1 7LX, Leics, England.
UR  - ISI:000244458900002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2347
T1  - Review article: the overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome a tale of one or two disorders 809
A1  - Cremonini,F.
A1  - Talley,N.J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J English Review Talley, NJ, Mayo Clin, Coll Med, CENTER Program, Charlton 8-138,200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA talley.nicholas@mayo.edu 84 7 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND ALIMENT PHARMACOL THERAPEUT NOV Suppl. 7 Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy 884QM
KW  - abnormal
KW  - AGENT
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Biological Marker
KW  - BOWEL
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - CHOLECYSTOKININ-OCTAPEPTIDE
KW  - COLONIC MOTILITY
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - DISORDER
KW  - Disorders
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DYSPEPSIA
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - GASTRIC ACCOMMODATION
KW  - Gastric Emptying
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - GENERAL-POPULATION
KW  - HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS
KW  - MANIFESTATIONS
KW  - NONULCER DYSPEPSIA
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - prokinetics
KW  - Publishing
KW  - RECTAL DISTENSION
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - SERIES
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - TARGET
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 40
EP  - 49
JF  - Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
VL  - 20
N2  - Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are currently considered to be two separate nosological entities. However, the overlap of symptoms and the evidence of a number of common pathophysiological characteristics suggest that functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome may be different presentations of the same disorder. In this review, we critically appraise points in common, as well as differences, in the epidemiology, pathophysiology and response to treatment of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Population-based studies and large case series show that one- to two-thirds of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome have symptoms that overlap with functional dyspepsia. Symptom analyses have generally failed to support functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome as separate entities. An exaggerated motor response to meals, delayed gastric emptying and abnormal small bowel and colonic transit can all be found in subsets of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and are not exclusive to either condition. Visceral hypersensitivity is a common feature to both entities and seems unlikely to be site or disease specific. There is good evidence for the post-infectious development of irritable bowel syndrome, and this may also apply in functional dyspepsia. Psychiatric comorbidities are similar in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Several common drug classes (prokinetics, visceral analgesics, psychoactive agents) may similarly improve both functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. The evidence available suggests that at least subsets of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome represent different manifestations of a single entity. The identification of common pathophysiological targets for therapy should be pursued in future research
SN  - 0269-2813
AV  - Mayo Clin, Coll Med, CENTER Program, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
UR  - ISI:000226100900007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2348
T1  - The journal club 2616
A1  - Valentini,R.P.
A1  - Daniels,S.R.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J English Review Valentini, RP, UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEPHROL,1521 SIMPSON RD E,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109 23 11 BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP LONDON BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR POSTGRAD MED J FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal WG927
KW  - And
KW  - assessment
KW  - bodies
KW  - BODY
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Education
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Goals
KW  - HOUSE-STAFF
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - paediatrics
KW  - participation
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - READER
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Review
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Success
KW  - Teaching
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 81
EP  - 85
JF  - Postgraduate Medical Journal.Vol.83(976)()(pp 105-108), 2007.
J1  - Postgraduate Medical Journal
VL  - 73
IS  - 856
N2  - As the body of medical literature continues to expand, physicians must develop the necessary skills to keep up with the vast amount of information available. The journal club provides a forum to allow residents to remain current with the literature while also teaching them the methods to evaluate it critically. Those readers wishing to start a journal club or revive an existing one should begin by designating a leader and defining the conference goals. Emphasizing the importance of this conference in the educational process while allowing it to be structured to optimise resident interest and attendance will help to ensure its success. Periodic evaluation of this conference will allow the organisers to assess the concordance of the resident's goals with those of the faculty. Formal evaluation will also provide an objective assessment of the knowledge gained by the house-staff through participation in journal club
SN  - 0032-5473
AV  - UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DIV CARDIOL,CINCINNATI,OH 45229.
UR  - ISI:A1997WG92700004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2349
T1  - A critical appraisal of spontaneous perilymphatic fistulas of the inner ear 2207
A1  - Friedland,D.R.
A1  - Wackym,P.A.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Review Wackym, PA, Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Otolaryngol & Commun Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA 135 5 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA AMER J OTOLOGY MAR Discipline: Otorhinolaryngology 178BG
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - auditory
KW  - BACK
KW  - BETA-2 TRANSFERRIN
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - CEREBRAL SPINAL-FLUID
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Feature
KW  - clinical features
KW  - CLINICAL-FEATURES
KW  - COCHLEAR AQUEDUCT
KW  - computerized
KW  - controversies
KW  - Counseling
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Extraction
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Ear
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - extraction
KW  - FEATURES
KW  - HEARING-LOSS
KW  - Histopathology
KW  - Human
KW  - IF
KW  - Incidence
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - IOWA EXPERIENCE
KW  - Language
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Methodology
KW  - MIDDLE-EAR
KW  - myth
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - occurrence
KW  - On
KW  - Otorhinolaryngology
KW  - overview
KW  - perilymph fistula
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - REALITY
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - specificity
KW  - STAPES GUSHER
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - TEMPORAL BONE
KW  - trends
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - vestibular
KW  - Wisconsin
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 261
EP  - 276
JF  - American Journal of Otology
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective: This article provides an overview of relevant data supporting and refuting the existence of spontaneous perilymph fistula, as well as critically reviewing the literature pertaining to their evaluation and management. Data Sources: Sources used were relevant English language clinical and basic science publications. Study Selection: A Medline search dating back to 1966 for articles concerning perilymphatic fistula, including both human and animal data, was performed Articles were included if they contained relevant data or were significant reviews of the subject. A traditional bibliography search was then completed to acquire articles missed by the computerized search, including works published before 1966. Data Extraction: The data from each publication were critically reviewed. Emphasis on understanding the clinical features of surgically created perilymph fistulas was used to more objectively assess the data regarding spontaneous perilymph fistulas. Data Synthesis: The data were not amenable to formal meta-analysis or valid data summarization; however, when possible trends and contrasting data were emphasized. Conclusions: Spontaneous perilymph fistulas are very rare occurrences and the majority are likely incited by a pressure-altering event. Current methodologies do not provide sufficient specificity and sensitivity to accurately diagnose perilymph fistulas. The results of endoscopic studies of the middle ear in the evaluation of perilymphatic fistula suggest a low incidence compared with the large number of fistulas reported in the literature. A high index of suspicion must be maintained, and appropriate preoperative counseling should reflect the current controversies. Questions must continue to be asked and further research pursued to help distinguish reality from myth
SN  - 0192-9763
AV  - Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Otolaryngol & Commun Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, New York, NY 10029 USA.
UR  - ISI:000079245200025
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2350
T1  - The value and impact of information provided through library services for patient care: a systematic review 443
A1  - Weightman,A.L.
A1  - Williamson,J.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Weightman, AL, Univ Cardiff Wales, Informat Serv, Cardiff CF24 0DE, Wales weightmanal@cf.ac.uk 53 10 BLACKWELL PUBLISHING OXFORD 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND HEALTH INFO LIBR J MAR Discipline: Information Science & Library Science 009AB
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL LIBRARIAN
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - good practice
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - health outcome
KW  - health professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - HOSPITAL LIBRARY
KW  - Impact
KW  - inclusion
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Science
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOME MEASURE
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publishing
KW  - quality
KW  - Register
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Statistical Analysis
KW  - STAY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - survey
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - TESTS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Wales
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 4
EP  - 25
JF  - Health Information and Libraries Journal.2004 Sep; 21(3): 148-63.(51 ref)
J1  - Health Information and Libraries Journal
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective: An updated systematic review was carried out of research studies looking at the value and impact of library services on health outcomes for patients and time saved by health professionals. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken of the published literature to September 2003 in ERIC, LISA, MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Google. Some handsearching was carried out, reference lists were scanned and experts in the field were contacted. Twenty-eight research studies of professionally led libraries for health-care staff, including clinical librarian projects, met the inclusion criterion of at least one health or 'time saved' outcome. Papers were critically appraised using internationally accepted criteria. Data were extracted and results were summarised using a narrative format as the studies were heterogeneous and precluded a statistical analysis. Results: There is evidence of impact from both traditional and clinical librarian services. The higher quality studies of traditional services measured impacts of 37-97% on general patient care, 10-31% on diagnosis, 20-51% on choice of tests, 27-45% on choice of therapy and 10-19% on reduced length of stay. Four studies of clinical librarian projects suggested that professionals saved time as a result of clinical librarian input, and two of these studies showed evidence of cost-effectiveness. However, the clinical librarian studies were generally smaller, with poorer quality standards. Conclusions: Research studies suggest that professionally led library services have an impact on health outcomes for patients and may lead to time savings for health-care professionals. The available studies vary greatly in quality but the better quality studies also suggest positive impacts. Good practice can be gathered from these studies to guide the development of a pragmatic survey for library services that includes the direct effects for patients among the outcome measures
SN  - 1471-1834
AV  - Univ Cardiff Wales, Informat Serv, Cardiff CF24 0DE, Wales. N Cent London Strateg Hlth Author, London, England.
UR  - ISI:000235082400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2351
T1  - Progress in clinical neurosciences: Evidence based care in the neurosciences 1515
A1  - Wiebe,S.
A1  - Demaerschalk,B.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J English Review Wiebe, S, London Hlth Sci Ctr, Univ Campus,339 Windermere Rd, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada 21 6 CANADIAN J NEUROL SCI INC CALGARY PO BOX 4220, STATION C EDITORIAL & SUBSCRIPTION SERV, CALGARY, AB T2T 5N1, CANADA CAN J NEUROL SCI MAY Discipline: Clinical Neurology 551FY
KW  - And
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical decision-making
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - content
KW  - Coverage
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - FIELD
KW  - INTERNISTS
KW  - JOURNAL READING HABITS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - London
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Neurology
KW  - neurosciences
KW  - On
KW  - PHYSICIAN PERFORMANCE
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - progress
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Review
KW  - Searching
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 115
EP  - 119
JF  - Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
N2  - We examine the relevance of Evidence Based Care (EBC) to the field of clinical neurosciences, with particular emphasis on feasible methods of implementing EBC in clinical practice, By using pre-appraised EBC summaries, busy clinicians can move toward EBC without engaging in the laborious process of searching and critically appraising the literature. After reviewing the neurological content, accessibility and ease of use of current sources of EBC summaries, we find them substantially lacking in coverage of the neurosciences, and therefore of limited use to clinicians in this field. We emphasize a particular type of EBC summary, the critically appraised topic, and comment on its usefulness and limitations as a toot to assist clinical decision-making in the neurosciences. Finally, we propose that a collection of easily accessible, good quality, peer reviewed critically appraised topics, covering a breadth of relevant topics, is a reasonable way of moving toward EBC in the clinical neurosciences
SN  - 0317-1671
AV  - Univ Western Ontario, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada. Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Stroke Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ USA.
UR  - ISI:000175550300002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2352
T1  - Systematic review of surgical options for idiopathic megarectum and megacolon 739
A1  - Gladman,M.A.
A1  - Scott,S.M.
A1  - Lunniss,P.J.
A1  - Williams,N.S.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J English Review Williams, NS, Royal London Hosp, Ctr Lead, Ctr Acad Surg, 4th Floor Alexandra Wing, London E11BB, England n.s.williams@qmul.ac.uk 63 2 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PHILADELPHIA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA ANN SURG APR Discipline: Surgery 909KC
KW  - ABSENCE
KW  - ACQUIRED MEGACOLON
KW  - ACQUISITION
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - BOWEL
KW  - BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
KW  - case series
KW  - case-series
KW  - CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - Cochrane Library
KW  - Colectomy
KW  - COLON
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - data
KW  - database
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - discipline
KW  - DUHAMEL OPERATION
KW  - Embase
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - English language
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - FECAL INCONTINENCE
KW  - FIRM
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
KW  - HIRSCHSPRUNGS-DISEASE
KW  - inclusion
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - Language
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - limitations
KW  - London
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - OBSTRUCTION
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Proctocolectomy
KW  - PubMed
KW  - quality
KW  - RATES
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Rectum
KW  - RECURRENT
KW  - Reduction
KW  - RESECTION
KW  - RESTORATIVE PROCTOCOLECTOMY
KW  - Review
KW  - SAFE
KW  - Science
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - Stoma
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - SUBTOTAL COLECTOMY
KW  - Success
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical procedure
KW  - Symptom
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - TERM
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 562
EP  - 574
JF  - Annals of Surgery.Vol.245(2)()(pp 187-200), 2007.
J1  - Annals of Surgery
VL  - 241
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective: A subgroup of patients with intractable constipation has persistent dilatation of the bowel, which in the absence of an organic cause is termed idiopathic megabowel (IMB). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the published outcome data of surgical procedures for IMB in adults. Methods: Electronic searches of the MEDLINE (PubMed) database, Cochrane Library, EMBase, and Science Citation Index were performed. Only peer-reviewed articles of surgery for IMB published in the English language were evaluated. Studies of all surgical procedures were included, providing they were performed on 3 or more patients, and overall success rates were documented. Studies were critically appraised in terms of design and methodology, inclusion criteria, success, mortality and morbidity rates, and functional outcomes. Results: A total of 27 suitable studies were identified, all evidence was low quality obtained from case series, and there were no comparative studies. The studies involved small numbers of patients (median 12, range 3-50), without long-term follow-up (median 3 years, range 0.5-7). Inclusion of subjects, methods of data acquisition, and reporting of outcomes were extremely variable. Subtotal colectomy was successful in 71.1% (0%-100%) but was associated with significant morbidity related to bowel obstruction (14.5%, range 0%-29%). Segmental resection was successful in 48.4% (12.5%-100%), and recurrent symptoms were common (23.8%). Rectal procedures achieved a successful outcome in 71% to 87% of patients. Proctectomy, the Duhamel, and pull-through procedures were associated with significant mortality (30/6-25%) and morbidity (6%-29%). Vertical reduction rectoplasty (VRR) offered promising short-term success (83%). Pelvic-floor procedures were associated with poor outcomes. A stoma provided a safe alternative but was only effective in 65% of cases. Conclusions: Outcome data of surgery for IMB must be interpreted with extreme caution due to limitations of included studies. Recommendations based on firm evidence cannot be given, although colectomy appears to be the optimum procedure in patients with a nondilated rectum, restorative proctocolectomy the most suitable in those with dilatation of the colon and rectum, and VRR in those patients with dilatation confined to the rectum. Appropriately designed studies are required to make valid comparisons of the different procedures available
SN  - 0003-4932
AV  - Royal London Hosp, Ctr Lead, Ctr Acad Surg, London E11BB, England. Ctr Acad Surg, Gastrointestinal Physiol Unit, London, England. Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, London, England.
UR  - ISI:000227857800005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2353
T1  - Interactive critical appraisal 2136
A1  - Richards,D.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J English Software Review 0 2 PROF SCI PUBL LONDON TAVISTOCK HOUSE EAST, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR BRIT DENT J JUN Suppl. S Discipline: Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 216GX
KW  - appraisal
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - dentistry
KW  - discipline
KW  - England
KW  - English
KW  - London
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Review
KW  - Software
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 24
EP  - 24
JF  - British Dental Journal
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
SN  - 0007-0610
UR  - ISI:000081434000007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2354
T1  - On the critical reading 539
A1  - Goldschmidt,G.A.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J French Article 0 0 QUINZAINE LITTERAIRE PARIS 135 RUE SAINT-MARTIN, 75194 PARIS, FRANCE QUINZAINE LIT AUG 1 Discipline: Literature 959CQ
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Literature
KW  - On
KW  - Reading
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 14
EP  - 14
JF  - Quinzaine Litteraire
IS  - 905
SN  - 0048-6493
UR  - ISI:000231494900010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2355
T1  - Heidegger in conversation: across Ernst Juenger, a return to Nietzsche (Martin Heidegger) 267
A1  - Beland,M.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J French Article Beland, M, Ecole Hautes Etud Sci Sociales, Paris, France 26 0 CANADIAN PHILOSOPHICAL ASSOC OTTAWA UNIV OTTAWA, 241-70 LAURIER AVENUE EAST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1N 6N5, CANADA DIALOGUE-CAN PHIL REV SPR Discipline: Philosophy 067JD
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Canada
KW  - Conversation
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Germany
KW  - History
KW  - Metaphysics
KW  - Ontario
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Reading
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION
KW  - RETURN
KW  - Thinking
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 285
EP  - 305
JF  - Dialogue-Canadian Philosophical Review
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
N2  - This article investigates Martin Heidegger's intellectual relation to Ernst Junger. In order to show that Heidegger's appraisal of Junger is directly related to his understanding of Nietzsche's pre-eminent standing in the history of Western philosophy, I situate Junger in the Heideggerian reconstruction of the history of metaphysics. It is because Junger belongs to the Nietzschean paradigm that Heidegger believes he is worth reading-but also worth criticizing. Indeed, Junger did not overtake the philosophical project that Nietzsche made possible by accomplishing the end of metaphysics. This is the very project adopted by Heidegger, first by thinking beyond metaphysics, and second by hoping Germany would turn towards a spiritual renewal of its civilization. Thus, since Nietzsche is the central figure who stands between Heidegger and Junger, this article wishes to show that through his critical reading of Junger, Heidegger in fact fosters a fundamental and uninterrupted dialogue with Nietzsche
SN  - 0012-2173
AV  - Ecole Hautes Etud Sci Sociales, Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000239297000004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2356
T1  - Critical reading for studies on antithrombotic medications in acute coronary syndromes 1357
A1  - Castaigne,A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J French Article Castaigne, A, Hop Henri Mondor, Federat Cardiol, AP HP, F-94010 Creteil, France 19 0 J B BAILLIERE PARIS 2, CITE PARADIS, 75010 PARIS, FRANCE ARCH MAL COEUR VAISSEAUX NOV Sp. Iss. 7 Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease 631QZ
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - ARCH
KW  - Article
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical relevance
KW  - combined
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - control
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - CREATINE-KINASE
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - ELEVATION
KW  - events
KW  - Evolution
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - HAND
KW  - intervention
KW  - Into
KW  - LEAD
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - MB FRACTION
KW  - MEDICATION
KW  - MEDICATIONS
KW  - Mortality
KW  - MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Peripheral Vascular Disease
KW  - practice
KW  - Publication
KW  - Q-WAVE
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - READER
KW  - Reading
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - RELEVANCE
KW  - Risk
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SUBSTITUTION
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Use
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - VASCULAR-DISEASE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 49
EP  - 52
JF  - Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux
VL  - 95
N2  - Numerous studies of anti-thrombotic medications in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes have been published in the past few years. The "technical" quality of these studies is usually good. However, the critical reader must focus on the potential use of the observed differences for his patient. In particular, the judgement criteria chosen and the comparator used as reference treatment must be examined with care. Concerning the judgement criteria, it is often combined; it must therefore be decided which is or are the components of these criteria that are favourably influenced by the treatment. Similarly the clinical relevance of the chosen criteria must be questioned. This leads to a discussion of the substitution criteria. Then the judgement criteria must reflect the risk/benefit ratio : however few studies include haemorrhagic risk in the judgement criteria. The choice of comparator reflects current practice on the one hand, and the necessity to standardise the control group treatment on the other. This can continue for several years after the publication of a study, which brings into question whether the result would be identical taking into account the evolution of current practice. Analysis of anti-thrombotic studies with reference to these two criteria allows recommendations to be made concerning the use of anti-thrombotics in acute coronary syndromes
SN  - 0003-9683
AV  - Hop Henri Mondor, Federat Cardiol, AP HP, F-94010 Creteil, France.
UR  - ISI:000180179600009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2357
T1  - The invisible object, or the captain's gambit 968
A1  - Ciarcia,G.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Article Ciarcia, G, Inst Culture, Lab Anthropol & Hist, Paris, France 29 0 EDITIONS DE L ECOLE DES HAUTESETUDES EN SCIENCES SOCIALES PARIS 131 BD. SAINT-MICHEL, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE HOMME APR-JUN Discipline: Anthropology 822KU
KW  - And
KW  - Anthropology
KW  - Article
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Culture
KW  - discipline
KW  - ethnographic situation
KW  - Exercise
KW  - fiction
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Herman Melville
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Into
KW  - mask
KW  - Narration
KW  - On
KW  - Participant Observation
KW  - Reading
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - slavery
KW  - stories
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - trade
KW  - wear
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 181
EP  - 197
JF  - Homme
IS  - 170
N2  - The subjects of research in the ethnological museum sciences are examined through a critical reading of Benito Cereno. Herman Melville's narration of an event that actually happened during the slave trade hinges on the altering of identities via the colonial process. By using documents for the purpose of fiction, this story blurs the bounds between historical reconstruction and literary fabrication. It inquires into the disclaimers that are necessary to know how to exercise domination and wear the master's masks
SN  - 0439-4216
AV  - Inst Culture, Lab Anthropol & Hist, Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000221539100010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2358
T1  - 2003 Clinical practice guideline: Standards, Options and Recommendations for pain assessment in adult and children with cancer (summary report) 946
A1  - Delorme,T.
A1  - Wood,C.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Pichard,E.
A1  - Dauchy,S.
A1  - Orbach,D.
A1  - Alibeu,J.P.
A1  - Ricard,C.
A1  - Suc,A.
A1  - Boureau,F.
A1  - Rousmans,S.
A1  - Patte,R.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Article Delorme, T, Inst Curie, Med Ctr, Paris, France sor@fnclcc.fr 6 0 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER MAY Discipline: Oncology 835YW
KW  - Adult
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - children
KW  - chronic
KW  - Chronic Pain
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experts
KW  - FAMILIES
KW  - Family
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - instruments
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Pain
KW  - Pain Assessment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PHASE
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Use
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 419
EP  - 430
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 91
IS  - 5
N2  - The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR) project, which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the French Federation of Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French Regional Cancer Centers., and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. Objective. To update clinical practice guidelines for the assessment of pain in adult or children with cancer in collaboration with the French society for pain study and treatment. Method. The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guideline has been defined, the document is submitted for review by independent reviewers. Results. This article is a summary version of the full document presenting the clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main recommendations concern the means used to evaluate pain and its consequences and their use in specific cases (acute or chronic pain, patients able to communicate or not, children under or over 6 years old). Others recommendations were also established concerning the evaluation of psychological. social and family context., the evaluation of pain in hospital or at home, in terminal phase patients and for the establishment of a therapeutic strategy and follow-up of patient with pain
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Inst Curie, Med Ctr, Paris, France. Hop Robert Debre, F-75019 Paris, France. FNCLCC, Paris, France. Inst Gustave Roussy, Med Ctr, Villejuif, France. CHU Grenoble, Ctr Douleur, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Hop Lapeyronie, F-34059 Montpellier, France. Hop Enfants, Toulouse, France. Hop St Antoine, F-75571 Paris, France. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France. Ctr Hosp, Mulhouse, France. Ctr Hosp Parc, Sarreguemines, France. Ctr Hosp, Longjumeau, France. Hop Hotel Dieu, Ctr Soins Palliatifs & Traitement Douleur, Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000222522800004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2359
T1  - The concept of "Evidence-based medicine" 2270
A1  - Durieux,P.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J French Article Durieux, P, Hop Cochin, Serv Sante Publ, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, F-75014 Paris, France pierre.durieux@cch.ap-hop-paris.fr 27 1 MASSON EDITEUR PARIS 06 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE PRESSE MEDICALE NOV 28 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 144RY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal of the medical literature
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Information
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - reason
KW  - Research
KW  - Science
KW  - SLEEP-APNEA
KW  - Technology
KW  - technology assessment
KW  - TERM
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Use
KW  - Witness
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 1900
EP  - 1904
JF  - Presse Medicale
VL  - 27
IS  - 37
N2  - The concept of "Evidence-based medicine" has become very popular. it has been defined as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This new concept has its science (clinical epidemiology), its tools (critical appraisal of the medical literature), its network (the Cochrane collaboration), its Internet site and its journal ("Evidence-Based Medicine"). There are many reasons which can explain the develop ment of "Evidence-based medicine". no one can keep up to date with the relevant evidence in his field of interest and there are unexplained variations of practice. Clinical practice guidelines developed to assist practitioners and technology assessment to assist health policy makers are two witnesses of the importance of a "evidence-based medicine". New terms are now popularized: "evidence-based health policy", "evidence-based rationing" or "evidence-based patient information". However, "Evidence-based medicine" has also some potential obstacles. inadequacy of available information, difficulties to use the results of clinical research in routine practice, difficulties for health policy makers or patients to interpret research results. "Evidence-based medicine" should not be regarded as a panacea. it is simply a new tool to improve knowledge for the care of individual patients
SN  - 0755-4982
AV  - Hop Cochin, Serv Sante Publ, F-75014 Paris, France. UFR Broussais Hotel Dieu, F-75014 Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000077329900009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2360
T1  - From knowledge to clinical practice: the introduction of evidence-based medicine 2021
A1  - Fieschi,M.
A1  - Giorgi,R.
A1  - Gouvernet,J.
A1  - Degoulet,P.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J French Article Fieschi, M, Hop Timone A, Serv Informat Med, Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille 5, France 16 2 EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS CEDEX 15 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE REV MED INTERNE JAN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 280BL
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - discipline
KW  - Empiricism
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Evolution
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - FUTURE
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intuition
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Paper
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Use
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 105
EP  - 109
JF  - Revue de Medecine Interne
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
N2  - Introduction. - The paper presents the new paradigm for medical practice which has been emerging for a decade: evidence-based medicine. Current knowledge and key points. - The paradigm proposes new skills for the physicians, deemphasizing intuition and empiricism in medical practice, and proposes the intensive use of medical literature for the medical practice. Future prospects and projects. - The article presents the main characteristics of the approach which is raising new important questions about the evolution of medical practice and the validity of the paradigm. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
SN  - 0248-8663
AV  - Hop Timone A, Serv Informat Med, F-13385 Marseille 5, France.
UR  - ISI:000085082100014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2361
T1  - How to read a scientific article? The committee for clinical references of the French society for anaesthesia and intensive therapy 1993
A1  - Malinovsky,J.M.
A1  - Pain,L.
A1  - Juvin,P.
A1  - Langeron,O.
A1  - Riou,B.
A1  - Martin,C.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J French Article Malinovsky, JM, CHRU, Hotel Dieu, Serv Anesthesie Reanimat Chirurg, F-44093 Nantes 1, France 8 3 EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS CEDEX 15 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE ANN FR ANESTH REANIM MAR Discipline: Anesthesiology 301ZL
KW  - anaesthesia
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Classification
KW  - clinical
KW  - complications
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - intensive
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Publication
KW  - quality
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SEQUENCE
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TOOL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 209
EP  - 216
JF  - Annales Francaises D Anesthesie et de Reanimation
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
N2  - Every scientific article has to undergo a critical reading before its conclusions can be accepted. This article discusses the tools for assessing the scientific value of a study. A sequence of methodological criteria allows quality evaluation of an article and its classification in a scale of level of proof. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS
SN  - 0750-7658
AV  - CHRU, Hotel Dieu, Serv Anesthesie Reanimat Chirurg, F-44093 Nantes 1, France.
UR  - ISI:000086340400014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2362
T1  - Quality criteria in medicine: which limits? 301
A1  - Minvielle,E.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J French Article Minvielle, E, Inserm U 537 Cnrs Esa 8052, Ctr Rech Econ & Gest Sante, 80 Rue Gen Leclerc, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France minviel@kb.inserm.fr 9 0 ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE ANN UROL JUN Discipline: Urology & Nephrology 059IB
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Authority
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - compliance
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - evidence
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - indicators
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Manager
KW  - managers
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Performance
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - professional
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - quality indicator
KW  - quality indicators
KW  - Research
KW  - Risk
KW  - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - urology
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 184
EP  - 191
JF  - Annales D Urologie
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
N2  - This article aims to develop a critical appraisal of the criteria's development in medicine. The COMPAQH (Coordination for Measuring Performance and Assuring Quality in Hospitals) project (Ministry of Health/High Authority of Health/National Institute of Medical Research) helps to support this analysis. This project based on the test of 42 Quality indicators (QI) gives findings not only about the manner to build criteria, but also to interpret and diffuse results among physicians and hospital managers. Criteria must be elaborated in a pragmatic way. They must be in compliance with practice guidelines supported by scientific evidences. The associated risk is to create and develop a normative medicine. Collaboration with professional societies may be useful in preventing this risk. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves
SN  - 0003-4401
AV  - Inserm U 537 Cnrs Esa 8052, Ctr Rech Econ & Gest Sante, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.
UR  - ISI:000238725400005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2363
T1  - Critically appraising a study evaluating a diagnostic test 1347
A1  - Nendaz,M.R.
A1  - Perrier,A.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J French Article Nendaz, MR, Hop Univ Geneve, Dept Med Interne, Med Clin 1, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland 20 8 MASSON EDITEUR PARIS 06 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE REV MAL RESPIR DEC Discipline: Respiratory System 635BJ
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Bronchoscopy
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Tests
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - endobronchial biopsy
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - likelihood ratio
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Performance
KW  - Population
KW  - PREDICTIVE VALUE
KW  - question
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Respiratory System
KW  - Review
KW  - sarcoidosis
KW  - SCIENTIFIC METHOD
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - specificity
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Transbronchial Biopsy
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 767
EP  - 777
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
N2  - The case for endobronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, Faced with the continuous development of new diagnostic tests, the clinician needs to be able to critically assess their value and their clinical applicability. Using a practical example, the performance of endobronchial biopsy in diagnosing sarcoidosis, this review provides a guide for critically appraising a study evaluating a diagnostic test. The three main steps described are: 1) assessment of the validity of the results based on the scientific methods used; 2) analysis of the results with reference to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, and precision of the diagnostic test in question; 3) determination of whether the results are applicable to an individual patient or to a specific patient population
SN  - 0761-8425
AV  - Hop Univ Geneve, Dept Med Interne, Med Clin 1, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
UR  - ISI:000180376700015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2364
T1  - Is evidence-based medicine useful for public health? 1095
A1  - Tonglet,R.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J French Article Tonglet, R, Univ Catholique Louvain, Fac Med, Ecole Sante Publ, Unite Epidemiol Biostat & Methodes Operat Sante P, Clos Chapelle Champs 30, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium 38 1 MASSON EDITEUR MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE PUBL OCT Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 755QG
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - Accountability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - Belgium
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - FIELD
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - health professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Human
KW  - Human Rights
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - interest
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Into
KW  - MATTER
KW  - medical accountability
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - regulation
KW  - regulations
KW  - relationships
KW  - RIGHTS
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 543
EP  - 551
JF  - Revue D Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
N2  - Evidence-based medicine is a fashionable topic although the discussions is open regarding whether it has any practical interest for daily medical practice or public health policy. One needs therefore to focus on the way evidence-based medicine can improve matters for physicians, but also on some serious challenges facing health professionals. Upon close examination, it appears that evidence-based medicine provides us with concepts and methods likely to be useful in three directions: unprovement of the health care decision-making process, reinforcement of professional accountability dedicated to the promotion of human rights, implementation of fair health policy regulations taking into account the intricate relationships between participants dealing with individual or community oriented interventions. When facing these challenges, evidence-based medicine certainly deserves further attention in the field of community and public health
SN  - 0398-7620
AV  - Univ Catholique Louvain, Fac Med, Ecole Sante Publ, Unite Epidemiol Biostat & Methodes Operat Sante P, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
UR  - ISI:000187420400009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2365
T1  - Clinical guidelines: a reader's guide 1078
A1  - Vergnenegre,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J French Article Vergnenegre, A, CHU Dupuytren, Hop Cluzeau, Serv Pathol Resp & Allergol, Serv Informat Med & Evaluat, F-87042 Limoges, France avergne@unilim.fr 17 2 MASSON EDITEUR MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE REV MAL RESPIR DEC Part 1 Discipline: Respiratory System 769YM
KW  - And
KW  - applicability
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - chronic
KW  - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - content
KW  - COPD
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical evaluation
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Independence
KW  - INVOLVEMENT
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - PART
KW  - play
KW  - practice
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Practice
KW  - quality
KW  - READER
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Respiratory System
KW  - RIGOUR
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - TEXT
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Validity
KW  - VERSION
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 920
EP  - 927
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - 20
IS  - 6
N2  - Introduction This article is devoted to the critical appraisal of clinical guidelines. Methods The example chosen is the update of the guideline "Clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis, follow-up, and acute exacerbations". The full and abbreviated versions of the text published by the "Societe de Pneumologie de la Langue Francaise" were analysed by a guide for the critical evaluation of clinical guidelines. Background The evaluation guide "AGREE" allows assessment of six areas included in the development of a guideline scope and objectives, involvement of the groups concerned, rigour of development, clarity and presentation, applicability and editorial independence. Conclusion Clinical guidelines are going to play an important part in medical practice. Evaluation of professional practice will be based on their contents. A critical appraisal of their validity and applicability in this way allows an accurate decision on their subsequent application
SN  - 0761-8425
AV  - CHU Dupuytren, Serv Pathol Resp, F-87042 Limoges, France. CHU Dupuytren, Serv Informat Med & Evaluat, F-87042 Limoges, France.
UR  - ISI:000188695100017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2366
T1  - Cost-effectiveness analysis: a reader's guide 1278
A1  - Vergnenegre,A.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J French Article Vergnenegre, A, CHU Dupuytren, Serv Pathol Resp & Allergol, Serv Informat Med & Evaluat, Hop Cluzeau, F-87042 Limoges, France 35 7 MASSON EDITEUR PARIS 06 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE REV MAL RESPIR FEB Part 1 Discipline: Respiratory System 673AN
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - CANADIAN GUIDELINES
KW  - CELL
KW  - CELL LUNG-CANCER
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - Cost Effectiveness Analysis
KW  - cost-effectivenes
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - cost-effectiveness analysis
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - ECONOMIC-EVALUATION
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - health
KW  - History
KW  - IV
KW  - limitations
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Oncology
KW  - PACLITAXEL PLUS CARBOPLATIN
KW  - PART
KW  - Patient
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - READER
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - REPORTING FORMAT
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Respiratory System
KW  - STAGE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Treatment
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 116
EP  - 125
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
N2  - Introduction This article is devoted to the critical appraisal cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods The example chosen concerns the choice of first chemotherapy for a patient with stage IV non small cell bronchicarcinoma; a common problem in thoracic oncology. It compares three chemotherapy regimes: vinorelbine alone, cisplation vinorelbine and cisplatin-vindesine. Perspectives The guide used allows evaluation of the validity the methodology and, therefore, of the results obtained. Conclusion The article studies the possible application of the results to the patient whose clinical history was presented as introduction. The limitations of cost-effectiv`eness analyses also considered
SN  - 0761-8425
AV  - CHU Dupuytren, Serv Pathol Resp & Allergol, Serv Informat Med & Evaluat, Hop Cluzeau, F-87042 Limoges, France.
UR  - ISI:000182556500017
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2367
T1  - Deleuze: A critical reader 2246
A1  - Gabaude,J.M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J French Book Review 1 0 PRESSES UNIV FRANCE EVRY DEPT DES REVUES 14, AVENUE DU BOIS-DE-L'EPINE B.P. 90, 91003 EVRY, FRANCE REV PHIL FRAN ETRANG OCT-DEC Discipline: Philosophy 149AK
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - discipline
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Philosophies
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 519
EP  - 521
JF  - Revue Philosophique de la France et de l Etranger
VL  - 123
IS  - 4
SN  - 0035-3833
UR  - ISI:000077583500048
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2368
T1  - Applied epidemiology - Introduction to critical reading in the health sciences 2329
A1  - Khlat,M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J French Book Review 1 0 INST NAT ETUD DEMOGRAPHIQUES PARIS CEDEX 14 27 RUE DU COMMANDEUR, 75675 PARIS CEDEX 14, FRANCE POPULATION MAY-JUN Discipline: Demography 118PJ
KW  - Book
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - Demography
KW  - discipline
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - health
KW  - Health Science
KW  - Population
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 660
EP  - 661
JF  - Population
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SN  - 0032-4663
UR  - ISI:000075847200016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2369
T1  - Critical reading and scientific editing. How to read, edit, and publish a clinical or epidemiological study 2121
A1  - Thoret,Y.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J French Book Review Thoret, Y, Univ Paris 10, Lab Psychopathol Identite, 53 Ave Anatole France, F-78300 Poissy, France 3 0 EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PARIS CEDEX 15 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE EVOL PSYCHIATR APR-JUN Discipline: Psychiatry 218YY
KW  - And
KW  - Book
KW  - clinical
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - PUBLISH
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 395
EP  - 398
JF  - Evolution Psychiatrique.Vol.71(2)()(pp 223-246), 2006.
J1  - Evolution Psychiatrique
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
SN  - 0014-3855
AV  - Univ Paris 10, Lab Psychopathol Identite, F-78300 Poissy, France.
UR  - ISI:000081581600015
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2370
T1  - Professional medical guidelines and economic evaluation 2198
A1  - Charvet-Protat,S.
A1  - Thoral,F.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J French Editorial Material Charvet-Protat, S, ANAES, Serv Evaluat Econ, 159 Rue Natl, F-75640 Paris 13, France 32 0 MASSON EDITEUR PARIS 06 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE GASTROEN CLIN BIOL JAN Discipline: Gastroenterology & Hepatology 182HF
KW  - ACCOUNT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - argument
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - choice
KW  - CHOICES
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - CONSTRAINTS
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - cost-effective
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - ECONOMIC-EVALUATION
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - FIELD
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Gastroenterology
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care Costs
KW  - HEPATOLOGY
KW  - Information
KW  - Into
KW  - LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - principles
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - REALITY
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - TENTATIVE GUIDELINES
KW  - WEIGHT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 19
EP  - 23
JF  - Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
N2  - As medicine becomes increasingly complex, economic constraints are beginning to weight more heavily on the actors of our health system. It follows that one of ANAES' missions is to initiate and promote professional guidelines that take full account of economic arguments. One of the benefits of economic evaluation is to provide professionals with information about the economic consequences of their practices. This implies determining to what extent the methodological principles. This implies determining to what extent the methodological principles used to develop clinical guidelines can also apply to the incorporation of economic criteria in professional guidelines. Economic evaluation offers those active in the field of health an information that can be absorbed into the reality of what they actually do in practice. Professionals can thus orient themselves towards practice which have not only been clinically validated but are cost-effective. This is the objective that underlies the critical appraisal of economic evaluation publications. Such appraisals help professionals to base their choices on objective grounds
SN  - 0399-8320
AV  - ANAES, Serv Evaluat Econ, F-75640 Paris 13, France.
UR  - ISI:000079492600001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2371
T1  - Evidence-based medicine in general - Pulmonology based on evidence in particular 1006
A1  - Lemarie,E.
A1  - Housset,B.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Editorial Material Lemarie, E, CHU Bretonneau, INSERM EMI, U0010, Serv Pneumol, F-37044 Tours, France 17 0 MASSON EDITEUR MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE REV MAL RESPIR FEB Discipline: Respiratory System 813FM
KW  - CRITICAL-READING GUIDE
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - Pulmonology
KW  - READERS GUIDE
KW  - respiratory
KW  - Respiratory System
KW  - SYSTEM
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 23
EP  - 24
JF  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.Vol.20(6 I)()(pp 920-927), 2003.
J1  - Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SN  - 0761-8425
AV  - CHU Bretonneau, INSERM EMI, U0010, Serv Pneumol, F-37044 Tours, France. CHI Creteil, Serv Pneumol, Creteil, France.
UR  - ISI:000220893000006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2372
T1  - You said Critical Reading of Articles? 556
A1  - Lacaine,F.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J French Editorial Material Lacaine, F, Hop Tenon, Serv Chirurg Digest, F-75020 Paris, France francois.lacaine@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr 3 1 MASSON EDITEUR MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE J CHIR SEP-OCT Discipline: Surgery 969JZ
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Reading
KW  - Surgery
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 276
EP  - 276
JF  - Journal de Chirurgie
VL  - 142
IS  - 5
SN  - 0021-7697
AV  - Hop Tenon, Serv Chirurg Digest, F-75020 Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000232231700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2373
T1  - Critical reading (Recent film scholarship) 765
A1  - Ciment,M.
A1  - Aude,F.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Review 2 0 POSITIF EDITIONS PARIS 12 RUE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE POSITIF OCT Discipline: Film, Radio, Television 860LS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - discipline
KW  - film
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Radio
KW  - Reading
KW  - Review
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Television
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 79
EP  - 79
JF  - Positif
IS  - 524
SN  - 0048-4911
UR  - ISI:000224345700023
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2374
T1  - 2003 Update of Standards, Options and Recommendations for management of patients with salivary gland malignant tumors (excluding lymphoma, sarcoma and melanoma) (summary report) 1170
A1  - Bensadoun,R.J.
A1  - Allavena,C.
A1  - Chauvel,P.
A1  - Dassonville,O.
A1  - Demard,F.
A1  - eu-Bosquet,L.
A1  - St Guily,J.L.
A1  - Ettore,F.
A1  - Gory-Delabaere,G.
A1  - Marcy,P.Y.
A1  - Reyt,E.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J French Review Bensadoun, RJ, Ctr Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France 17 1 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER JUL Discipline: Oncology 712WB
KW  - Adult
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - ASPIRATION
KW  - Aspiration Biopsy
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARCINOMA
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - Cervical Lymph Node
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Classification
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Experts
KW  - FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Head
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Imaging
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Lymph Node
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Management
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - NECK-CANCER PATIENTS
KW  - Needle
KW  - NEEDLE ASPIRATION
KW  - NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
KW  - NICE
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PLACE
KW  - postoperative
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - salivary gland tumors
KW  - Sarcoma
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - SURGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - tumor
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 629
EP  - 642
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 90
IS  - 7
N2  - Context : The << Standards, Options and Recommendations >> (SOR) project. which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French Regional Cancer Centers, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics, The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. Objectives : To update clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with salivary gland malignant tumors previously validated in 1997, These recommendations cover diagnosis, classification, treatment and follow-up of Patients with these tumors. Methods : The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines has been defined. the document is suhmitted for review by independent reviewers, Results : This article is a summary version of the full document presenting the updated clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main questions addressed by the expert group in this update concern the place of fine needle aspiration biopsy in preoperative diagnosis.. the place of cervical lymph node area surgical treatment, the place of Postoperative irradiation and neutron therapy in the treatment of unresectable tumors and also the place of medical imaging, especially RMI, for the diagnosis of these tumors
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Ctr Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France. Clin Catherine Sienne, Nantes, France. FNCLCC, Paris, France. Hop Tenon, Paris, France. CHU Michallon, Grenoble, France.
UR  - ISI:000184821100010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2375
T1  - Clinical practice guideline: 2003 Update of Standards, Options and Recommendations for management of patients with salivary gland malignant tumors (excluding lymphoma, sarcoma and melanoma) (full report) 1010
A1  - Bensadoun,R.J.
A1  - Allavena,C.
A1  - Chauvel,P.
A1  - Dassonville,O.
A1  - Demard,F.
A1  - Bosquet,L.
A1  - Guily,J.L.S.
A1  - Ettore,F.
A1  - Gory-Delabaere,G.
A1  - Marcy,P.Y.
A1  - Reyt,E.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Review Bensadoun, RJ, SOR, 101,Rue Tolbiac, F-75654 Paris 13, France 167 0 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER JAN Sp. Iss. SI Discipline: Oncology 816QW
KW  - ACINIC CELL CARCINOMAS
KW  - ADENOID-CYSTIC CARCINOMA
KW  - Adult
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - ASPIRATION
KW  - Aspiration Biopsy
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - Cervical Lymph Node
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Classification
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Experts
KW  - FACTORS INFLUENCING SURVIVAL
KW  - FAST-NEUTRON THERAPY
KW  - FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION
KW  - FINE-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Imaging
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Lymph Node
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Management
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
KW  - NECK-CANCER PATIENTS
KW  - Needle
KW  - NEEDLE ASPIRATION
KW  - NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - PAROTID-GLAND
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PLACE
KW  - postoperative
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - practitioners
KW  - PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RADIATION-THERAPY
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - salivary gland tumors
KW  - Sarcoma
KW  - SI
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - SURGICAL-TREATMENT
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - tumor
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - UPDATE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - S3
EP  - +
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 91
N2  - Context : The Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) project, which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC). the 20 French Regional Cancer Centers, and specialists from French public universities,, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines for practitioners to improve the quality of health care for patients with cancer. Objectives : To update clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with salivary gland malignant tumors previously validated in 1997. These recommendations cover diagnosis, classification, treatment and follow-up of patients with these tumors. Methods : The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines has been defined. the document is submitted for review by independent reviewers. Results : This document presents the full report of the updated clinical practice guidelines with algorithms, The main questions addressed by the expert group in this update concern the place of fine needle aspiration biopsy in preoperative diagnosis, the place of cervical lymph node area surgical treatment, the place of postoperative irradiation and neutron therapy in the treatment of unresectable tumors and also the place of medical imaging, especially RMI for the diagnosis of these tumors
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Ctr Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France. Clin Catherine Sienne, Nantes, France. FNCLCC, Paris, France. Hop Tenon, F-75970 Paris, France. CHU Michallon, Grenoble, France.
UR  - ISI:000221125400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2376
T1  - Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis: a critical review of medico-economic studies 1373
A1  - Binquet,C.
A1  - Wallon,M.
A1  - Quantin,C.
A1  - Gadreau,M.
A1  - Peyron,F.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J French Review Binquet, C, CHU Dijon, Serv Biostat & Informat Med, 1 Blvd Jeanne Arc,BP 1542, F-21034 Dijon, France 34 1 MASSON EDITEUR PARIS 06 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE REV EPIDEMIOL SANTE PUBL OCT Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 623XD
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - AT-RISK
KW  - congenital toxoplasmosis
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - Countries
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CT
KW  - DECISION
KW  - decision analysis
KW  - DECISION-ANALYSIS
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - GONDII VACCINE
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Human
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Infection
KW  - interest
KW  - INVITRO
KW  - LEAD
KW  - limitations
KW  - medico-economic assessment
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - MULTICENTER
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevention
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PYRIMETHAMINE
KW  - READER
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Screening
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TERM
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRANSMISSION
KW  - Treatment
KW  - treatment efficacy
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 475
EP  - 487
JF  - Revue D Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
N2  - Background: Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) may lead to serious neurological or sensory consequences. A serological screening of women at risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis became mandatory in France, first during the visit before wedding (1978), then during the visit for pregnancy declaration (1985) and at last with a monthly follow-up during pregnancy since 1992. The efficacy and the profitability of the program was never assessed, in spite of the modification of the epidemiological context. However medico-economical studies were conducted in countries in which no prevention program for CT was available to determine the interest of an antenatal screening similar to the French one or of other prevention strategies. Methods: Eight studies comparing at least two strategies were selected. Methodologies used in those studies were analyzed by two independent readers with the help of a standardized scale. A score was calculated for each study. Results: Each study analyzed suffered from methodological limitations, in particular concerning the estimation of antenatal treatment efficacy, which could lead to invalidate their conclusion. The most reliable studies in regard to methodological guidelines, that is with the higher score, concluded that antenatal screening was not contributive. However, they could not be transposed directly in the present French situation, because of the difference of the epidemiological and economical context. Conclusions: Given the difficulty to obtain a clear conclusion, it seems necessary to perform a rigorous decision analysis to identify the more effective and acceptable program in terms of human and financial costs for preventing congenital toxoplasmosis
SN  - 0398-7620
AV  - CHU Dijon, Serv Biostat & Informat Med, F-21034 Dijon, France.
UR  - ISI:000179727400008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2377
T1  - Standards, options and recommendations (SOR) for the management of neutropenic cancer patients (excluding prolonged neutropenia) 2326
A1  - Biron,P.
A1  - Fuhrmann,C.
A1  - Escande,M.C.
A1  - Blanc-Vincent,M.P.
A1  - Crokaert,F.
A1  - Beal,J.
A1  - Bussy,V.
A1  - Lesimple,T.
A1  - Pottecher,B.
A1  - Raveneau,J.
A1  - Senet,J.M.
A1  - Viot,M.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J French Review Biron, P, SOR, FNCLCC, Operat Stand Opt Recommandat, 101 Rue Tolbiac, F-75654 Paris 13, France 101 3 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER AUG Discipline: Oncology 121YF
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
KW  - Antibiotic Prophylaxis
KW  - Antibiotic Therapy
KW  - ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS
KW  - ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY
KW  - appraisal
KW  - bacteria
KW  - BETA-LACTAM COMBINATIONS
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - CEFOPERAZONE PLUS PIPERACILLIN
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR
KW  - content
KW  - context
KW  - Cost
KW  - costs
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Documentation
KW  - EARLY DISCHARGE
KW  - efficacy
KW  - EMPIRIC THERAPY
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experts
KW  - feasibility
KW  - FEBRILE GRANULOCYTOPENIC PATIENTS
KW  - Feedback
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - FUNGAL-INFECTIONS
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - granulocytopenia
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Home
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMIPENEM-CILASTATIN
KW  - immunocompromised host
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infection
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - LOW-RISK PATIENTS
KW  - Management
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Monotherapy
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - neoplasms
KW  - neutropenia
KW  - NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - participation
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - Peer Review
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Prophylaxis
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - RISKS
KW  - Safety
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - septic
KW  - SEPTIC SHOCK
KW  - shock
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - STAY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 695
EP  - 711
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 85
IS  - 8
N2  - The "Standard, Options and Recommendations" (SOR), initiated in 1993, is a collaborative project between the Federation of the French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC) the 20 French Cancer, Centres and specialists from French Public Universities, General Hospitals and Private Clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and outcomes for cancer patients. The methodology is based on literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary experts group, with feedback from specialists in cancer care patients. Objective: To develop a clinical practice guideline for the management of neutropenic cancer patients (excluding prolonged neutropenia). Methods: Data have been identified by literature search using Medline and Current Contents (up to February 1997) and personal reference lists. The main end points considered were mortality, morbidity, risk factors fever, source of infection, microbiological documentation, incidence and length of hospital stays, quality of life, efficacy of treatment, safety and costs. Once the guideline was defined, the document was submitted to 48 reviewers for peer review and to the medical committees of the 20 French Cancer Centres for review and agreement Results: The key recommendations are: 1) before receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, patients most be informed of potential risks and precautions to observe; 2) non-febrile neutropenic patients can be followed at home (except specific context); antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended 3) initial empirical antibiotic therapy for febrile patients is mandatory, whether associated beta-lactam and aminoglycoside, or monotherapy with a broad-spectrum beta-lactam (except in care of septic shock or pneumopathy). A glycopeptide can be added in care of overt catheter-related or cutaneous infection, in care of microbiologically documented infection with a oxacillin-resistant Cram positive bacteria, or in case of persistent fever in a clinically deteriorating patient; 4) at the present time, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the management of febrile neutropenic patients at home. We recommend participation in studies to identify predicting factors of low-risk patients and to assess the feasibility and safety of early discharge and home therapy
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - SOR, FNCLCC, Operat Stand Opt Recommandat, F-75654 Paris 13, France. Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France. Inst Curie, Paris, France. Inst Jules Bordet, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Ctr Oscar Lambret, F-59020 Lille, France. Inst Jean Godinoi, F-51056 Reims, France. Ctr Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France. Ctr Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France. Ctr Rene Huguenin, St Cloud, France. Ctr Paul Papin, Angers, France. Ctr Antoine Lacassagne, F-06054 Nice, France.
UR  - ISI:000076043100005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2378
T1  - Good clinical practice in the dietetic management of cancer patients - The consultation 1802
A1  - Champetier,S.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Lallemand,Y.
A1  - Montane,C.
A1  - Bachmann,P.
A1  - Blanc-Vincent,M.P.
A1  - Bonneteau,C.
A1  - Claude,M.
A1  - Combret,D.
A1  - Cometto,F.
A1  - Dayot,F.
A1  - Duguet,A.
A1  - Duval,N.
A1  - Finck,C.
A1  - Freby-Lehner,A.
A1  - Garabige,V.
A1  - Massoud,C.
A1  - Meuric,J.
A1  - Poiree,B.
A1  - Puel,S.
A1  - Rossignol,G.
A1  - Roux-Bournay,P.
A1  - Simon,M.
A1  - Tran,M.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J French Review Champetier, S, 10 Rue Tolbiac, F-75654 Paris 13, France 22 3 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER DEC Discipline: Oncology 392TA
KW  - Adult
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - AT-RISK
KW  - Attention
KW  - BREAST-CANCER
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Consultation
KW  - counselling
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - DIETARY
KW  - dietary advice
KW  - dietetic consultation
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Experts
KW  - Feedback
KW  - FOOD
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Good Clinical Practice
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Malnutrition
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Staff
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
KW  - NEED
KW  - neoplasms
KW  - nutritional counselling
KW  - Nutritional Support
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - relatives
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Satisfaction
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Side Effect
KW  - SIGNS
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Staff
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - WEIGHT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 917
EP  - 926
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 87
IS  - 12
N2  - Concert. The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR) project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of the French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the 20 French Cancer Centres and specialists from French Public Universities, General Hospital and Private Clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and outcome for cancer patients. The methodology is based on literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery. Objectives. To develop clinical practice guidelines according to the definitions of Standards, Options and Recommendations for the dietetic consultation for cancer patients. Methods. Data have been identified by literature search using Medline and the expert groups personal reference lists. Once the guidelines were defined, the documents was submitted for review to 74 independent reviewers, and to the medical committees of the 20 French Cancer Centres. Results. The main recommendations for the refferral of cancer patients for dietary advice are: 1) in oncology, there are 3 types of dietetic consultation: diagnostic, preventative and therapeutic; 2) the following cancer patients must have a dietetic consultation: i) those with, or at risk of malnutrition, ii) those without malnutrition but in need of counselling and iii) those at risk of treatment-related nutritional side effects; 3) a nutritional assessment is standard at the time of the first dietic consultation. Patients must be given individualised and written advice; 4) the dietetic opinion and advice should be brought to the attention of medical staff to facilitate a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment; 5) patient's relatives should be involved in the dietetic management; 6) the efficacy of dietetic advice can be assessed by monitoring weight, gastrointestinal signs and patients satisfaction
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - FNCLCC, Paris, France. Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France. Inst Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France. Inst Bergonie, Bordeaux, France. Inst Jean Godinoi, F-51056 Reims, France. Hop Neurol Cardiol, Lyon, France. Ctr Jean Perrin, Clermont Ferrand, France. Ctr Rene Gauducheau, F-44035 Nantes, France. Ctr Oscar Lambret, F-59020 Lille, France. Ctr Francois Baclesse, F-14021 Caen, France. Ctr Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France. Ctr Rene Huguenin, St Cloud, France. Inst Curie, Paris, France. Ctr Val Aurelle, Montpellier, France. Ctr Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
UR  - ISI:000166427600009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2379
T1  - Standards and Options for the use of radiation therapy in the management of patients with osteosarcoma. Update 2004 499
A1  - Claude,L.
A1  - Rousmans,C.
A1  - Carrie,C.
A1  - Breteau,N.
A1  - Dijoud,F.
A1  - Gentet,J.C.
A1  - Giammarile,F.
A1  - Jouve,J.L.
A1  - Kind,M.
A1  - Marec-Berard,P.
A1  - Mascard,E.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Philip,T.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J French Review Claude, L, Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France 71 0 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER OCT Discipline: Oncology 989GY
KW  - ACID
KW  - adjuvant
KW  - Adjuvant Therapy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BONE
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - cancers
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - Experience
KW  - Experts
KW  - FACIAL BONES
KW  - Feedback
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Internet
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Local Therapy
KW  - Management
KW  - Maxilla
KW  - metastatic
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - neoadjuvant
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - OSTEOGENIC-SARCOMA
KW  - osteosarcoma
KW  - outcome
KW  - Pain
KW  - pain treatment
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - PULMONARY METASTASES
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - RADIATION-THERAPY
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - RECURRENT
KW  - RESECTION
KW  - Review
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - systemic
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Use
KW  - WHOLE-LUNG IRRADIATION
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 891
EP  - 906
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
N2  - Context : The ''Standards,Options and Recommendations'' (SOR) project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the 20 French regional cancer centres, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery. Objective : To update the SOR recommendations for the use of radiation therapy in the management of patients with osteosarcoma. This work was performed in collaboration with the French society against cancers in children and adolescent (SFCE). Methods : Data have been identified by literature search using Medline((R)) (from January 1992 to October 2003). In addition several Internet sites were searched in October 2003. Results : The 3 mains standards are : 1) local and exclusive curative irradiation is not indicated as primary treatment for osteosarcoma or for local and operable recurrence, except for lesion in inaccessible sires or if the patient refuses surgery; 2) local and prophylactic adjuvant irradiation is not indicated for the treatment of osteosarcoma after chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant) and complete macro or microscopic surgery, except for nonoperable R1 or R2 surgical resection and 3) whole-long prophylactic irradiation is not indicated in non-metastatic osteosarcoma. Systemic metabolic radiotherapy for pain treatment, using samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (Sm-153-EDTMP) can be offered to patients with painful metastatic osteosarcoma or in case of recurrent bone sites inaccessible to local therapies (surgery, external irradiation)
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France. FNCLCC, Paris, France. CHRO, Oncol Radiotherapeute, Orleans, France. Hop Croix Rousse, F-69317 Lyon, France. CHU Timone, Marseille, France. Hop Enfants La Timone, Marseille, France. Inst Bergonie, Bordeaux, France. Hop St Vincent de Paul, F-75674 Paris, France.
UR  - ISI:000233662100008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2380
T1  - Standards, Options and Recommendations: practice guidelines for difficult diagnosis in surgical pathology or cytopathology in cancer patients 1653
A1  - Coindre,J.M.
A1  - Blanc-Vincent,M.P.
A1  - Collin,F.
A1  - MacGrogan,G.
A1  - Balaton,A.
A1  - Voigt,J.J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J French Review Coindre, JM, Inst Bergonie, Bordeaux, France 49 2 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER AUG Discipline: Oncology 474ZZ
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - AMENDED REPORTS
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Biology
KW  - BREAST-LESIONS
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Classification
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Cytopathology
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - diagnoses
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Experts
KW  - Feedback
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HISTOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Information
KW  - Insurance
KW  - INTER-OBSERVER VARIATION
KW  - INTEROBSERVER VARIABILITY
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - LESIONS
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Medline
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - neoplasms
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Pathologist
KW  - Pathologists
KW  - Pathology
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Information
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Reproducibility
KW  - Review
KW  - Sarcoma
KW  - Searching
KW  - second opinion
KW  - SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMAS
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - specimen
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - surgical pathology
KW  - Technique
KW  - tumor
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 765
EP  - 773
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 88
IS  - 8
N2  - Context: The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR) project, started in 1993 is a collaboration between the Federation of the French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the 20 French Cancer Centres and specialists from French Public Universities, General Hospitals and Private Clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and outcome for cancer patients. The methodology is based on literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery. Objectives: To develop clinical practice guidelines according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project for difficult diagnoses in surgical pathology or cytopathology in cancer patients. Methods: Data were identified by searching Medline (R) and using the personal reference lists of members of the expert groups. Once the guidelines were defined, the document was submitted for review to 71 independent reviewers. Results: The main recommendations to prevent and reduce the number of difficult diagnoses in surgical pathology or cytopathology are. 1) The development of quality insurance programs with use of written procedures in each pathology laboratory (standard). 2) The knowledge of clinical data in order to explain surgical pathology or cytopathology results (standard). 3) The availability of complementary patient informations (radiologic data...) can be useful to explain surgical pathology or cytopathology results (option). The main recommendations to detect lesions associated with difficult diagnosis in surgical pathology or cytopathology are: 1) Tumor types known as potential difficult diagnosis in surgical pathology or cytopathology shoud be reviewed by a second pathologist. 2) The systematic second reviewing for every case is expensive but has to be done when the difficulty is know (sarcoma, lymphoma...) by experienced pathologists. The main recommendations to solve difficult diagnosis in surgical pathology or cytopathology are: 1) Block recuts, use of special techniques (immunocytohistochemistry and molecular biology), additional data from clinicians, second opinion by a local pathologist, or new specimen can be required for establishing the diagnosis (options). 2) Outside second opinion by expert pathologist has to be considered once the other steps did not allow to establish surgical or cytopathology diagnosis (recommendations, expert agreement)
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Inst Bergonie, Bordeaux, France. FNCLCC, Paris, France. Ctr Georges Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France. Ctr Pathol, Bievres, France. Inst Claudis Regaud, Toulouse, France. Ctr Reg Leon Berard, Lyon, France. Ctr Rene Huguenin, St Cloud, France. Ctr Val Aurelle, Montpellier, France. Ctr Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. CHU, St Etienne Du Rouvray, France. Inst Curie, Paris, France. Ctr Paul Papin, Angers, France.
UR  - ISI:000171138300008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2381
T1  - Clinical practice guideline: 2003 Update of Standards, Options et Recommendations for first line palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (summary report) 829
A1  - Conroy,T.
A1  - Gory-Delabaere,G.
A1  - Adenis,A.
A1  - Bosquet,L.
A1  - Bouche,O.
A1  - Louvet,C.
A1  - Mitry,E.
A1  - Becouarn,Y.
A1  - Bosset,J.F.
A1  - Ducreux,M.
A1  - Etienne,P.L.
A1  - Merrouche,Y.
A1  - Monges,G.
A1  - Rougier,P.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Review Conroy, T, Ctr Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France 13 2 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER OCT Discipline: Oncology 873KO
KW  - ACID
KW  - Adult
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - COLORECTAL-CANCER
KW  - combined
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DURATION
KW  - elderly
KW  - evidence
KW  - Experts
KW  - folinic acid
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INFUSION
KW  - LINE
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - metastatic
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - methotrexate
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - palliative chemotherapy
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - resecable tumours
KW  - Review
KW  - schema
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - TREAT
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Treatment Duration
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - unresecable tumours
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Use
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 759
EP  - 768
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 91
IS  - 10
N2  - The "Standards, Options and Recommendations'' (SOR) project, which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the. 20 French Regional Cancer Centres, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. Objectives. To update clinical practice guidelines for first line palliative chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously validated in 1995, then updated in 1997 and published again in 1998. These recommendations do not cover second line treatment. Methods. The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines have been developed, they are reviewed by independent reviewers. Results. This article is a summary version of the updated clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main questions addressed by the expert group in this update concerned (1) Which patients should be treated ? (2) What is the best treatment duration ? (3) Which treatment should be administered ? The new data identified concerning which patients to treat and the duration of treatment were consistent with the data presented in the initial report and did not modify the original recommendations from 1997. The new data available represent stronger evidence than those in the original report (Two good-quality meta-analyses published since 1997). A new guideline concerning patients who are 75 years old or more has been added. Concerning, the new evidence identified has modified the guidelines for the therapeutic schema to adopt from 1997. These modifications concern irinotecan, oxaliplatin, oral fluoropyrimidines and methotrexate. Treatment with irinotecan or oxaliplatin associated with continuous 5FU infusion, modulated with folinic acid (LV5FU2-like) has become a standard. The use of oral fluoropyrimidines has become an option for patients who refuse hospitalisation or treatment by infusion. The use of methotrexate combined with 5FU is no longer recommended
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Ctr Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France. FNCLCC, Paris, France. Ctr Oscar Lambret, Lille, France. CHU Robert Debre, Reims, France. Hop St Antoine, F-75571 Paris, France. CHU Ambroise Pare, Boulogne, France. Inst Bergonie, Bordeaux, France. Hop Jean Minjoz, F-25030 Besancon, France. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Clin Armoricaine Radiol, St Brieuc, France. Inst Canc Loire, St Etienne, France. Inst Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France.
UR  - ISI:000225279000002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2382
T1  - Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR): consequences of the SOR guidelines project in terms of liability for French Cancer Centers 1801
A1  - Fervers,B.
A1  - Esper,C.
A1  - Theobald,S.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Philip,T.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J French Review Fervers, B, FNCLCC, Paris, France 19 1 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER DEC Discipline: Oncology 392TA
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Art
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - context
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - development
KW  - Disasters
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Doctors
KW  - essential
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Experts
KW  - Feedback
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - legal advice
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - liability
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - MATTER
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - mind
KW  - NEED
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - problems
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - RELEASE
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - rigor
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SERIES
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TERM
KW  - the state
KW  - Time
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 907
EP  - 915
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 87
IS  - 12
N2  - Context. The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR" project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of the French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French comprehensive Cancer Centers and specialists from French Public Universities, Genera Hospitals nad Private Clinics. The main health care outcome for cancer patients. The methodology is based on literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery. Objectives. To identify consequences in terms of liability of the development of SOR guidelines and to formulate recommendations for the FNCLCC and medical doctors using SOR. Methods. Data have been identified by literatures search on legal matters by CNWH's Legal Center JuriSante, then submitted to a group of 8 experts. Results. The main conclusions of the present study are 1) The SOR attest high level of quality and methodological rigor; 2) according to legal considerations and in comparison to the available scientific data, the SOR guidelines can be considered as the state of the art in oncology at time of release; 3) the study identified six quality properties of Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR): information contained in the SOR must be serious, accurate reliable, complete, up-to-date and secure. The respect of these quality criteria is essential in the matter of liability; 4) when gathered, they can prevent the actors from being implicated on questions of liability. Specialists who use the SOR may avoid problems if liability, nevertheless evidence and the state of the art may evolve with time; 5) clinicians who do not use the SOR, may appear to be responsible for disasters, except if they can justify their medical decision (evolution of scientific knowledge or specific clinical circumstances, etc.); 6) therefore, SOR developers need to keep in mind these essential properties when SOR are prepared; 7) the SOR steering committee (COSOR) analysed the conclusions of the present legal study and defined a series of actions and procedures to guarantee the respect of the above quality criteria
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - FNCLCC, Paris, France. Ctr Reg Leon Berard, Lyon, France. Ctr Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France.
UR  - ISI:000166427600008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2383
T1  - 2002 standards, options et recommendations for management of adult patients with intracranial glioma (summary report) 1113
A1  - Frappaz,D.
A1  - Chinot,O.
A1  - Bataillard,A.
A1  - Ben Hassel,M.
A1  - Capelle,L.
A1  - Chanalet,S.
A1  - Chatel,M.
A1  - Figarella-Branger,D.
A1  - Guegan,Y.
A1  - Guyotat,J.
A1  - Hoang-Xuan,K.
A1  - Jouanneau,E.
A1  - Keime-Guibert,F.
A1  - Laforet,C.
A1  - Linassier,C.
A1  - Loiseau,H.
A1  - Menel,P.
A1  - Rousmans,S.
A1  - Sanson,M.
A1  - Sunyach,M.P.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J French Review Frappaz, D, FNCLCC, Stand Opt Recommandat, 101 Rue Tolbiac, F-75654 Paris 13, France 6 3 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE BULL CANCER OCT Discipline: Oncology 745DX
KW  - Adult
KW  - ADULT PATIENTS
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - brain
KW  - BRAIN-STEM
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cancer Center
KW  - Cancer Patient
KW  - Cancer Patients
KW  - CANCER-PATIENTS
KW  - CARE
KW  - CENTERS
KW  - Chemotherapy
KW  - Classification
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICS
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Experts
KW  - Follow Up
KW  - FOLLOW-UP
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - General Hospital
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Imagery
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - intracranial glioma
KW  - IV
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Management
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - On
KW  - Oncology
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PLACE
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Health Care
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - RECOMMENDATIONS
KW  - Review
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - SOR
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TREATMENT STRATEGIES
KW  - treatment strategy
KW  - tumor
KW  - TUMORS
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - VERSION
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 873
EP  - 886
JF  - Bulletin du Cancer.Vol.93(7)()(pp 715-722), 2006.
J1  - Bulletin du Cancer
VL  - 90
IS  - 10
N2  - The "Standards, Options and Recommendations"' (SOR) project. which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French Regional Cancer Centers, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. Objective : To define clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult patients with intracranial glioma in collaboration with the Association of French-speaking Neuro-oncologists (Anocef) and the French society of neurosurgeons (SNCLF). These recommendations cover diagnosis, classification, treatment and follow-up of patients with these tumors. Method: The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines has been defined. the document is submitted for review by independent reviewers. Results : This article is a summary version of the full document presenting the clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main recommandations concern the place of the surgery. radiotherapy, chimiotherapy, imagery and concomitant medical treatments in the specific treatment strategy of grade III and IV glioma, grade II glioma, gliomastosis cerebri, pilocytic astrocytoma , subependymoma, xanthoastrocytoma,, intracranial ependymoma and brain stem glioma
SN  - 0007-4551
AV  - Ctr Leon Berard, F-69373 Lyon, France. CHU La Timone, Marseille, France. Ctr Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France. CHU Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France. CHRU Pasteur, Nice, France. CHR Pontchaillou, Rennes, France. Neurochirurg Hop, Bron, France.
UR  - ISI:000186674800006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2384
T1  - Systematic reviews and meta-analysis in laboratory medicine: principles and methods 821
A1  - Watine,J.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J French Review Watine, J, Hop Gen, Lab Biol Polyvalente, Rodez, France j.watine@ch-rodez.fr 108 0 JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD MONTROUGE 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE ANN BIOL CLIN PARIS NOV-DEC Discipline: Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental 874FD
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - assessment
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - BENEFITS
KW  - biomedical
KW  - CARE
KW  - CELL LUNG-CANCER
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - choice
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES
KW  - COLORECTAL-CANCER
KW  - Cost
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - costs
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - diffusion
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - Education
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - efficacy
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based laboratory medicine
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - extraction
KW  - FIELD
KW  - formulation
KW  - France
KW  - French
KW  - GAP
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - Health Care
KW  - health care professionals
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - healthcare
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - international
KW  - interpretation
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Laboratories
KW  - Laboratory
KW  - laboratory medicine
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - meetings
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - OF-THE-LITERATURE
KW  - On
KW  - practice
KW  - principles
KW  - professional
KW  - professionals
KW  - PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE
KW  - quality
KW  - Quality of Care
KW  - QUALITY-OF-CARE
KW  - question
KW  - READER
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - SERVICES-TASK-FORCE
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - STATISTICAL-METHODS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - study designs
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technology
KW  - TEST ACCURACY
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - Training
KW  - US
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 611
EP  - 627
JF  - Annales de Biologie Clinique
VL  - 62
IS  - 6
N2  - Background. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses can help health-care professionals to base their decisions on the highest levels of evidence, and are therefore the cornerstone in practicing evidence-based medicine. In the field of diagnosis in general, and in laboratory medicine in particular, systematic reviews are scarcer, and often of lower quality than in other areas of medicine. Aim. To summarize the principles and methods that can be advised to perform systematic reviews of good quality in laboratory medicine. Methods. A narrative review of the literature and discussions with members of the Committee on Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, in particular during our last three meetings, enabled us to adapt to laboratory medicine the methods which are currently being advocated to perform systematic reviews of good quality in other medical areas. Results. The process of systematic reviewing consists of six key steps: 1) preparation: formulation of question(s); 2) systematic search of the literature; 3) selection of primary studies; 4) critical appraisal of the quality of the selected literature; 5) extraction and synthesis of data; 6) interpretation. The main differences between systematic reviews of diagnostic interventions and those of therapeutic interventions bear on question formulation, the choice of study designs to be included or excluded, the assessment of study quality and the statistical methods used to combine their results. The quoted references will help interested readers to deepen by themselves the most technical or controversial points. Conclusion. In order to improve quality of care as well as the balance between benefits, harms and costs of practice, each recommendation in guidelines should be based on a systematic review. In addition, such reviews can help to better identify gaps in biomedical knowledge, and improve critical skills, education, and training of professionals. One can therefore reasonably expect that the current multiplication of systematic reviews in laboratory medicine will favor the diffusion of diagnostic technologies with the highest levels of proven efficacy and effectiveness, at the detriment of the others
SN  - 0003-3898
AV  - Hop Gen, Lab Biol Polyvalente, Rodez, France.
UR  - ISI:000225335400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2385
T1  - Napoleonic kaleidoscope - Interculturality, early realistic Romanticism review and intermediality in Wilhelm Hauff's story Das 'Bild des Kaisers' (1827) 214
A1  - Besslich,B.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J German Article barbara.besslich@germanistik.uni-freiburg.de 36 0 WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO BERLIN GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY ARCADIA Discipline: Literature 076IT
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Attitude
KW  - attitudes
KW  - Berlin
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - French
KW  - Germany
KW  - Into
KW  - Literature
KW  - Reading
KW  - Realism
KW  - representation
KW  - Review
KW  - stories
KW  - Writing
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 29
EP  - 49
JF  - Arcadia
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
N2  - Hauff's last novella, Das Bild des Kaisers, combines a poetological critique of Romanticism with multiperspectival remembrances of Napoleon. Hauff's manner of writing can be categorizing in the sense of Fulleborn and Stockinger as Early Realism (Fruhrealismus). Hauff's novelistic ekphrasis turns Jacques-Lous David's painting into a narrative 'Bild des Kaisers'; his representation of post-1821 German attitudes towards Naboleon are indebted to his critical reading of French literature
SN  - 0003-7982
UR  - ISI:000239951300003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2386
T1  - Economical considerations in the application of electron beam computed tomography 2019
A1  - Behrenbeck,T.R.
A1  - Gerber,T.C.
A1  - Mohlenkamp,S.
A1  - Laudon,D.A.
A1  - Kantor,B.
A1  - Sheedy,P.F.
A1  - Rumberger,J.A.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J German Article Behrenbeck, TR, Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Cardiol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA 34 0 DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG DARMSTADT PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY Z KARDIOL Suppl. 1 Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems 282VE
KW  - ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Arteries
KW  - ARTERY
KW  - ARTERY-DISEASE
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - asymptomatic
KW  - ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS
KW  - ASYMPTOMATIC SUBJECTS
KW  - Atherosclerosis
KW  - Attention
KW  - CALCIFICATION
KW  - Calcium
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CHEST PAIN
KW  - clinical
KW  - computed tomography
KW  - COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - CORONARY
KW  - Coronary Artery Disease
KW  - CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE
KW  - CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE
KW  - Cost
KW  - cost effectiveness
KW  - COST-EFFECTIVENESS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - economical aspects
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) atherosclerosis
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - FRAMINGHAM
KW  - Germany
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - Imaging
KW  - IMMEDIATE
KW  - Impact
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - LAND
KW  - limitations
KW  - Literature
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - On
KW  - Pain
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - randomized
KW  - RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE TRIAL
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factor
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - RISK-FACTORS
KW  - STAGE
KW  - staging
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technique
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Theoretical Model
KW  - therapeutic intervention
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie
VL  - 89
N2  - Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) allows visualization and quantification of calcium in the coronary arteries. This has been demonstrated to correlate well with the overall plaque burden in the coronary arteries. EBCT is, therefore, well suited for the detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis. Especially in asymptomatic patients with several risk factors, staging coronary artery disease by coronary calcium, scanning may allow prognostic assessment and guide preventive and therapeutic interventions. To date, only scant data are available regarding the cost effectiveness and the economic impact of this imaging technique. In this manuscript we compare various methods for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease using a theoretical model and review the results of a prospective trial in our emergency room of coronary calcium scanning in patients with acute chest pain. Using Framingham data and prognostic data from long-term followup, we discuss the impact of coronary calcification scanning on primary preventive measures and its economical consequences. EBCT is a promising technique which has created a lot of attention due to its ease of application. It is currently undergoing critical appraisal in the medical literature. Further randomized prospective trials are needed land underway, i.e., MESA, EDIC, CARDIA II) to better define its value and limitations in the clinical arena
SN  - 0300-5860
AV  - Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Cardiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ohia Heart Inst, Columbus, OH USA.
UR  - ISI:000085239800008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2387
T1  - The Prophet and Israel's corruption: An integral, historio-critical reading of 1-Kings-XVII-XIX 2506
A1  - Blum,E.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J German Article Blum, E, UNIV AUGSBURG,D-8900 AUGSBURG,GERMANY 34 1 E J BRILL LEIDEN PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS VETUS TESTAMENTUM JUL Discipline: Religion XQ732
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - discipline
KW  - Israel
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Reading
KW  - Religion
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 277
EP  - 292
JF  - Vetus Testamentum
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SN  - 0042-4935
UR  - ISI:A1997XQ73200001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2388
T1  - Critical appraisal of clinical studies and meta-analyses - An educational article on the most important validity criteria according to Evidence-based Medicine (EbM) 105
A1  - Czekalla,J.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J German Article Czekalla, J, Janssen Cilag GmbH, Therapeut Area CNS, Med & Sci Affairs, Raiffeisenstr 8, D-41470 Neuss, Germany jczekalla@jacde.jnj.com 7 0 WISSENSCHAFTLICHE VERLAG MBH STUTTGART BIRKENWALDSTRASSE 44, POSTFACH 10 10 61, 70009 STUTTGART, GERMANY PSYCHOPHARMAKOTHERAPIE NOV-DEC Discipline: Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry 110TV
KW  - absolute risk reduction (ARR)
KW  - ADJUSTMENT
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - Biostatistics
KW  - Calculation
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical benefit assessment
KW  - clinical expertise
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - COMBINATION
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DICTIONARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - expertise
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Intention
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Processes
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mental Health Care
KW  - MENTAL-HEALTH
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - NEED
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - number needed to treat
KW  - number needed to treat (NNT)
KW  - On
KW  - Pharmacology
KW  - Pharmacy
KW  - Population
KW  - practice
KW  - Psychiatrist
KW  - psychiatrists
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - PUBLISH
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Reduction
KW  - SPECIALISTS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TREAT
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Validity
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 224
EP  - +
JF  - Psychopharmakotherapie.Vol.13(6)()(pp 224-230), 2006.
J1  - Psychopharmakotherapie
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
N2  - The Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines ,,evidence" as,available facts, circumstances, etc. indicating whether a thing is true or not true." In conjunction with clinical expertise, which can just be acquired by clinical practice, evidence-based medicine (EbM) is considered as a lifelong learning process which is targeted on adjustment on fast varying medical knowledge by continuous problem-focused learning. Thus, there is an increasing need for medical education due to the systematic assessment of clinical studies by mental health care specialists. The associated methodology has been developed in the eighties by the Cochrane Collaboration in Oxford, whose intention is to compile systematic reviews regarding assessment of therapies as well as to update and publish them. The critical appraisal of clinical studies and meta-analyses is based on validity criteria with regard to study design, biostatistics, study population and interpretation according to Sackett et al., and will be summarized. According to the methods of evidence-based medicine the estimation of clinical benefit by calculation of absolute risk reduction (ARR) und number needed to treat (NNT) will be described with a focus on psychiatric studies and examples. Meanwhile efforts are made by psychiatrists to make decisions on best evidence available at present in combination with clinical expertise
SN  - 0944-6877
AV  - Janssen Cilag GmbH, Therapeut Area CNS, Med & Sci Affairs, D-41470 Neuss, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000242404800002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2389
T1  - Evidence based orthopedic surgery 1445
A1  - Eitel,F.
A1  - Neugebauer,E.A.M.
A1  - Mutschler,W.E.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J German Article Eitel, F, Univ Munich, Klinikum Innenstadt, Chirurg Klin & Poliklin, Nussbaumstr 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany 47 2 SPRINGER-VERLAG NEW YORK 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA UNFALLCHIRURG AUG Discipline: Emergency Medicine; Surgery 588XA
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CARE
KW  - choice
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - daily practice
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - DELIVERY
KW  - Delivery of Health Care
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - Education
KW  - Emergencies
KW  - Emergency
KW  - Emergency Medicine
KW  - EMERGENCY-MEDICINE
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - evidence-based practices
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - France
KW  - GENERAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Germany
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - IF
KW  - implementation
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Information
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - investigation
KW  - Judgment
KW  - LEAD
KW  - limitations
KW  - LIMITS
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - MATTER
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - MEDICAL-EDUCATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - orthopedic surgery
KW  - ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Patient
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - power
KW  - practice
KW  - problems
KW  - question
KW  - rational choice
KW  - Reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - respect
KW  - Review
KW  - Risk
KW  - RISKS
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Standardization
KW  - statistical power
KW  - Surgeon
KW  - SURGEONS
KW  - Surgery
KW  - SURGICAL PRACTICE
KW  - surgical procedure
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - understanding
KW  - USA
KW  - VALIDATION
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 666
EP  - +
JF  - Unfallchirurg.Vol.105(8)()(pp 666-674), 2002.
J1  - Unfallchirurg
VL  - 105
IS  - 8
N2  - It is wise for surgeons to critically analyze their decision making, to add evidence in addition to the normal approaches, i.e. expert opinion and pathophysiological rationale. What evidence is, how it works, how often it is used in orthopedic surgery are the main topics of this article, as well as problems and limits to evidence-based medicine (EbM). EbM operates in five steps: 1.formulate an answerable question with respect to the patient's problem; 2. search the relevant literature; 3. critically appraise the assembled information through evidence based standards;4. implement these evidence supported findings in your daily practice; 5. evaluate your evidence-based practice. When one builds decisions upon evidence the following effects become apparent: rational choice of possible, alternative decisions, reduction of diagnostic and therapeutic risks, improvements in medical education and efficient delivery of health care. A literature search reveals few evidence-based investigations published in orthopedic surgery. Lastly, we discuss limitations of EbM, showing that both misunderstanding about EbM and technical problems contribute to mistrust in EbM. These may include problems with population heterogeneity, standardization of surgical procedures, conducting random studies,the lack of statistical power and often "publication bias" Overcoming present problems with EbM by further ("evidence-based") research should lead to better understanding of the evidence paradigm and eventually modify this approach. The literature already demonstrates that EbM attains its goal. A valid judgment of EbM will result if one evaluates one's own evidence-based practices. The implementation of EbM is also a matter of policy
SN  - 0177-5537
AV  - Univ Munich, Klinikum Innenstadt, Chirurg Klin & Poliklin, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000177726400002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2390
T1  - The technical imperative - Critical observations on medical school activities from the perspective of clinical internists - Promoting a balance between specialism and integrative medicine 1496
A1  - Engelhardt,K.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J German Article Engelhardt, K, Jaegerallee 7, D-24159 Kiel, Germany 18 0 GUTERSLOHER VERLAGS GUTERSLOH POSTFACH 450, D-3311 GUTERSLOH, GERMANY Z EVANGEL ETHIK JAN-MAR Discipline: Religion 531EA
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Examination
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Procedure
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - diversity
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Effect
KW  - Germany
KW  - HEALTHY
KW  - ILLNESS
KW  - interaction
KW  - interactions
KW  - INTERNISTS
KW  - Life
KW  - Medical School
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - MEDICAL-SCHOOL
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Observation
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - problems
KW  - PSYCHOSOCIAL-ASPECTS
KW  - Religion
KW  - School
KW  - Technology
KW  - understanding
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 34
EP  - 41
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Evangelische Ethik
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
N2  - Current advances of modern medicine, in our diagnostic procedures and therapeutic options, are rapidly progressing. We often concentrate, however, merely on scientific aspects of medical problems rather than including a patient-centered approach and ethical aspects of a disease. Important for a healthy balance between specialism and integrative medicine are those discussed in the article. Such are a critical appraisal of medical technology, a re-evaluation of patients and their illness, our detailed history-taking and thorough clinical examination and a better understanding and approach to drug diversities. Drug effects and interactions as well as psychosocial aspects of patients and their lives should be fully acknowledged. These themes of daily medical activities (microethics) as mentioned above are suggested to be further enriched by macroethics at the beginning and end of life
SN  - 0044-2674
UR  - ISI:000174402000005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2391
T1  - Critical semantics - In support of a scholarly critical appraisal of language in the opposing areas of language theory, language norm, and language use 1523
A1  - Kilian,J.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J German Article Kilian, J, Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany 89 3 WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO BERLIN GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY Z GER LING Discipline: Language & Linguistics Theory 529WF
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Germany
KW  - Language
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - Semantics
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Use
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 293
EP  - 318
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Germanistische Linguistik
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SN  - 0301-3294
AV  - Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000174323700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2392
T1  - Evidence-based medicine from evidence generation to evidence utilization 1997
A1  - Kunz,R.
A1  - Fritsche,L.
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - J German Article Kunz, R, Med Klin M S Nephrol, Schumannstr 20-21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany 8 0 DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG DARMSTADT PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY Z RHEUMATOL FEB Discipline: Rheumatology 297ZL
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Berlin
KW  - CARE
KW  - CRITERIA
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based health care
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - GENERATION
KW  - Germany
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - Health Care Services
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - implementation
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Management
KW  - MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NEED
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - quality
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - question
KW  - RHEUMATOLOGY
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - utilization
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 38
EP  - 40
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
N2  - Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and evidence-based health care (EBHC) is one answer to the increasing need for quality and transparency in the care: of individual patients as well as health care services. Using explicit and sound methodological criteria, EBM and EBHC question current management strategies for their effectiveness and usefulness to individual patients and patient groups. This approach therefore supports the implementation of rational patient-oriented care
SN  - 0340-1855
AV  - Med Klin M S Nephrol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000086114100004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2393
T1  - Publications: Good or bad? Critical appraisal of scientific papers 2450
A1  - Madai,A.
A1  - Holtl,W.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J German Article Madai, A, Merck Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Med Abt, Gunoldstr 14,Postfach 19, A-1190 Vienna, Austria 24 2 SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN VIENNA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR JAN 30 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YV551
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Austria
KW  - Bias
KW  - Checklist
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOCTOR
KW  - Doctors
KW  - evaluation criteria
KW  - HELP ME
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - manuscripts
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - Physician
KW  - Prevention
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publication Bias
KW  - Publications
KW  - quality
KW  - READER
KW  - Research
KW  - scientific publications
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - TERM
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 58
EP  - 62
JF  - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
VL  - 110
IS  - 2
N2  - Doctors interested in medical research are flooded by publications in numerous scientific journals. Scientific manuscripts manifest, however, a wide range in terms of quality and conclusiveness, irrespective of their scientific context and the reader ought to he able to assess the value of the presented data and information, We have thus compiled a checklist in an attempt to provide the doctor with a relatively simple means of distinguishing between "good" and "bad" publications, even if he/she is not concerned with scientific methodology issues on a routine basis. Some aspects of "publication bias" are also touched upon in order to point out certain problems from the opposite perspective, namely that of the physician concerned with active scientific work
SN  - 0043-5325
AV  - Merck Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Med Abt, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Merck Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Kaiser Franz Josef Spital, Urol Abt, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
UR  - ISI:000071836400005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2394
T1  - Intensive care medicine - Update 2005 312
A1  - Flohe,S.
A1  - Lendemans,S.
A1  - Schmitz,D.
A1  - Waydhas,C.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J German Article Waydhas, C, Univ Klinikum Essen, Unfallchirurg Klin, Hufelandstr 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany christian.waydhas@uni-essen.de 25 0 JOHANN AMBROSIUS BARTH VERLAG MEDIZINVERLAGE HEIDELBERG GMBH STUTTGART RUEDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY ZBL CHIR JUN Discipline: Surgery 053OS
KW  - Adult
KW  - adults
KW  - AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injuries
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - CARE
KW  - children
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - Corticosteroid
KW  - corticosteroids
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - CRITICALLY-ILL
KW  - development
KW  - DIGESTIVE-TRACT
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - DRUG
KW  - Drug Therapy
KW  - DRUG-THERAPY
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - Enteral Nutrition
KW  - Extubation
KW  - Filters
KW  - Germany
KW  - HEART
KW  - HEAT
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - Insight
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intensive care medicine
KW  - Intensive Care Unit
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - non-invasive
KW  - NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - outcome
KW  - PARENTERAL-NUTRITION
KW  - Patient
KW  - patient outcome
KW  - patients
KW  - problems
KW  - Publication
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIAL
KW  - RANDOMIZED-TRIALS
KW  - READER
KW  - respect
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - SCORE
KW  - septic
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNIT
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Use
KW  - VENTILATION
KW  - VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 175
EP  - 187
JF  - Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie.Vol.130(3)()(pp 191-201), 2005.
J1  - Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie
VL  - 131
IS  - 3
N2  - xThis manuscript gives a review about important studies addressing problems in intensive care medicine that have been published in journals focussing on critical care medicine and surgery in 2005. Only clinical studies are included in this review, mostly metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials and a few important or interesting observational studies. in addition to describing major results a critical appraisal of each study is undertaken, which, however, is neither comprehensive nor complete. It is merely intended to address some important aspects for the reader who should be stimulated to go deeper into one or the other topic or study. The publication of the new CPR-guidelines of the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council as well as the newly developed SAPS fit score to predict intensive care unit outcome are among the outstanding topics. Several randomized trials and metaanalyses deal with aspects of drug therapy of septic patients. Some important and relevant findings have been reported with respect to the efficiency of the open-lung concept, non-invasive ventilation, the use of heat and moisture exchanger filters compared to active humidifiers and of closed systems for endotracheal suctioning. The role of immunonutrition in adults and children as well as of early enteral nutrition can be defined more clearly. Whether corticosteroids should be used in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury can be definitely answered now. There are some new insights reported into the management of patients infected or contaminated with MRSA in the intensive care unit. Last but not least an impressive study shows that not only the newest therapeutic developments but the stringent use of the already known treatment options may result in dramatic improvements of patient outcome
SN  - 0044-409X
AV  - Univ Klinikum Essen, Unfallchirurg Klin, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000238315100001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2395
T1  - Journal club 1573
A1  - Resch,K.L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J German Editorial Material 0 0 KARGER BASEL ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND FORSCH KOMPLEMENTMED KLASS NA DEC Discipline: Integrative & Complementary Medicine 517FA
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NA
KW  - Switzerland
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 386
EP  - 386
JF  - Forschende Komplementarmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
SN  - 1424-7364
UR  - ISI:000173599400010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2396
T1  - Journal club 1510
A1  - Resch,K.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J German Editorial Material 0 0 KARGER BASEL ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND FORSCH KOMPLEMENTMED KLASS NA APR Discipline: Integrative & Complementary Medicine 553YU
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NA
KW  - Switzerland
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 117
JF  - Forschende Komplementarmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SN  - 1424-7364
UR  - ISI:000175706600008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2397
T1  - Journal club 783
A1  - Schultz-Werninghaus,G.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J German Editorial Material 0 0 URBAN & VOGEL MUNICH NEUMARKTER STRASSE 43, D-81673 MUNICH, GERMANY MED KLIN JAN 15 Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 892LR
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Germany
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - URBAN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 75
EP  - 75
JF  - Medizinische Klinik.Vol.100(11)()(pp 771), 2005.
J1  - Medizinische Klinik
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
SN  - 0723-5003
UR  - ISI:000226652600014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2398
T1  - The "journal club" in "the radiologist": Facts and opinions 18
A1  - Delorme,S.
A1  - Reiser,M.
Y1  - 2007///
N1  - J German Editorial Material 0 0 SPRINGER NEW YORK 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA RADIOLOGE JAN Discipline: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging 138ZV
KW  - And
KW  - discipline
KW  - Editorial
KW  - Imaging
KW  - medical imaging
KW  - Medicine
KW  - New York
KW  - NEW-YORK
KW  - Radiology
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 5
EP  - 5
JF  - Radiologe
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SN  - 0033-832X
UR  - ISI:000244402700001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2399
T1  - Journal club 1745
A1  - [Anon]
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J German News Item 0 0 KARGER BASEL ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND FORSCH KOMPLEMENTMED KLASS NA FEB Discipline: Integrative & Complementary Medicine 422MJ
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY
KW  - discipline
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medicine
KW  - NA
KW  - Switzerland
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 40
JF  - Forschende Komplementarmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SN  - 1424-7364
UR  - ISI:000168122200006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2400
T1  - Systematic reviews in cardiology. Concepts of evidence-based medicine and the Cochrane Collaboration 2554
A1  - Hense,H.W.
A1  - Antes,G.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J German Review 30 2 DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG DARMSTADT PLATZ DER DEUTSCHEN EINHEIT 25, D-64293 DARMSTADT, GERMANY Z KARDIOL MAY Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems XF079
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
KW  - And
KW  - cardiac
KW  - Cardiologist
KW  - Cardiology
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Decision Making
KW  - clinical decision-making
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Concepts
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experts
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Germany
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - international
KW  - INTRAVENOUS MAGNESIUM
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Management
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Meta Analysis
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - MISLEADING METAANALYSIS
KW  - Mortality
KW  - NEED
KW  - NETWORK
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - NUMBERS
KW  - On
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Care
KW  - PATIENT-CARE
KW  - quality
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - reports
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
KW  - Solutions
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - Technique
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Work
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 313
EP  - 319
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie
VL  - 86
IS  - 5
N2  - The ever growing tide of results from great numbers of clinical studies clearly outweighs the abilities of the individual clinician to keep abreast of the actual state of scientific evidence and to apply it in his clinical decision-making in a timely and valid manner. Evidence-based medicine, with its central demand to link best individual clinical knowledge with best available external, scientific evidence to achieve optimal patient care, has clearly identified the urgent need for scientific techniques which allow the synthesis of scientific evidence, as collected in numerous singular studies, in an explicit, reproducible, and critically appraisable report format, and to update these reports regularly. The methods of Systematic Reviews, encompassing the techniques of meta-analysis, were developed for this purpose. They are explained and presented here in detail as they relate to the field of cardiology. Various problematic aspects have recently dominated cardiologists' discussion of meta-analyses. We point out that the techniques of Systematic Reviews hold promising solutions for many of them and that work on technical improvements is ongoing. The International Cochrane Collaboration is introduced as a global network of scientists and experts from varying fields of medicine with the aim of producing highest quality Systematic Reviews on a wide scope of topics. However, to date only few cardiologists have joined the rapidly rising numbers of Cochrane collaborators
SN  - 0300-5860
AV  - UNIV MUNSTER,INST EPIDEMIOL & SOZIALMED,KLIN EPIDEMIOL,D-48129 MUNSTER,GERMANY. UNIV FREIBURG KLINIKUM,ABT MED INFORMAT,D-79104 FREIBURG,GERMANY.
UR  - ISI:A1997XF07900001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2401
T1  - Intensive care medicine - Update 2004 641
A1  - Flohe,S.
A1  - Lendemans,S.
A1  - Schmitz,D.
A1  - Waydhas,C.
Y1  - 2005///
N1  - J German Review Waydhas, C, Univ Klinikum Essen, Unfallchirurg Klin, Hufelandstr 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany christian.waydhas@uni-essen.de 24 0 JOHANN AMBROSIUS BARTH VERLAG MEDIZINVERLAGE HEIDELBERG GMBH STUTTGART RUEDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY ZBL CHIR JUN Discipline: Surgery 939ED
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - brain
KW  - Brain Injuries
KW  - Brain Injury
KW  - CARE
KW  - Catheter
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED TRIALS
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIAL
KW  - CONTROLLED-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - Critical Care
KW  - CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOUBLE-BLIND
KW  - DURATION
KW  - Enteral Nutrition
KW  - EPINEPHRINE
KW  - Extubation
KW  - Germany
KW  - HOSPITAL CARDIAC-ARREST
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Injury
KW  - intensive
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - intensive care medicine
KW  - INTENSIVE-CARE
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - MECHANICAL VENTILATION
KW  - Medicine
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - METAANALYSIS
KW  - Mortality
KW  - MULTICENTER
KW  - Note
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - observational studies
KW  - Observational Study
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - problems
KW  - Protein
KW  - PROTEIN-C
KW  - Protocols
KW  - randomized
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trial
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - RANDOMIZED TRIALS
KW  - READER
KW  - RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME
KW  - Resuscitation
KW  - Review
KW  - Role
KW  - Sedation
KW  - Sepsis
KW  - SEVERE SEPSIS
KW  - Steroid
KW  - Steroids
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - timing
KW  - Tracheostomy
KW  - TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
KW  - Treatment
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - Use
KW  - Vasopressin
KW  - VENTILATION
KW  - Weaning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 191
EP  - 201
JF  - Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie.Vol.130(3)()(pp 191-201), 2005.
J1  - Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie
VL  - 130
IS  - 3
N2  - This manuscript gives a review about important studies addressing problems in intensive care medicine that have been published in journals focussing on critical care medicine and surgery in 2004. Only clinical studies are included in this review, mostly metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials and a few important or interessting observational studies. In addition to describing major results a critical appraisal of each study is undertaken, which, however, is neither comprehensive nor complete. It is merely intentioned to address some important aspects for the reader that should be accounted for while interpreting the results. It is important to note that among the large number of excellent studies there is a substantial proportion of trials with negative results that significantly add to our knowledge. Some of the topics addressed in this manuscript include vasopressin as an alternative to epinephrine during cardipulmonary resuscitation, a specification concerning the use of activated protein C in patients with sepsis, the role of steroids in the treatment of sepsis and traumatic brain injury, the epidemiolody of ALI and ARDS, the role of sedation protocols, weaning protocols and the timing of tracheostomy for the duration of mechanical ventilation, the potential benefit of catheters with antimicrobial coating to reduce catheter-related sepsis, and the benefit of enteral nutrition as compared to the parenteral application
SN  - 0044-409X
AV  - Univ Klinikum Essen, Unfallchirurg Klin, D-45147 Essen, Germany.
UR  - ISI:000230054300002
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2402
T1  - Students' critical reading of articles: Effects of guidance and group discussion 762
A1  - Okibayashi,Y.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J Japanese Article Okibayashi, Y, Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Hiroshima 730, Japan liam2002@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 20 0 JAPANESE ASSOC EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN JPN J EDUC PSYCHOL SEP Discipline: Psychology, Educational 899NI
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - cognitive
KW  - cognitive psychology
KW  - combined
KW  - COURSES
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading ability
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critique
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - educational psychology
KW  - Group Discussion
KW  - group discussions
KW  - guidance
KW  - IF
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Japan
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - PARTICIPANTS
KW  - Performance
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychology articles
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - READING-ABILITY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - text comprehension
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - university students
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 241
EP  - 254
JF  - Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
N2  - The purpose of the present study was to examine whether providing guidance and group discussion to university students who had taken no courses in cognitive psychology or educational psychology might improve their ability to read psychology articles critically. In Experiment 1, guidance was provided to 40 university students. Experiment 2 combined guidance and group discussions; participants were 44 university students. The results of Experiment I suggested that providing guidance improved students' critical reading performance. However, the results of Experiment 2 suggested that although group discussions increased the number of adequate critiques, the number of inadequate critiques also increased. These findings suggest that students' critical reading ability is more likely to improve if guidance is provided when they are engaged in group discussion
SN  - 0021-5015
AV  - Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Hiroshima 730, Japan.
UR  - ISI:000227150800003
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2403
T1  - The application of critical appraisal skills to food biotechnology publications: An rBST example - English, French 2645
A1  - RyanHarshman,M.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J Multi-Language Article 30 0 DIETITIANS CANADA TORONTO 480 UNIV AVE, SUITE 604, TORONTO ON M5G 1V2, CANADA J CAN DIET ASSN FAL Discipline: Nutrition & Dietetics VZ798
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - biotechnology
KW  - Canada
KW  - Consumer
KW  - CONSUMPTION
KW  - COWS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical appraisal skills
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Diet
KW  - Dietetics
KW  - Dietitian
KW  - discipline
KW  - Economic Evaluation
KW  - ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS
KW  - ECONOMIC-EVALUATION
KW  - English
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Fetus
KW  - FOOD
KW  - French
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - HORMONE
KW  - Human
KW  - HUMAN HEALTH
KW  - investigation
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Literature Reviews
KW  - Medical Technology
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Milk
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - On
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READ CLINICAL JOURNALS
KW  - RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Technology
KW  - TOOL
KW  - UNDERSTAND
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 92
EP  - 97
JF  - Journal of the Canadian Dietetic Association-Revue de l Association Canadienne des Dietetistes
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
N2  - The dietitian, who serves as a link between the scientist and the consumer, must he able to critically evaluate published material regarding food biotechnology. In medicine, the guidelines for critical appraisal of medical technologies ore well-developed and can be adopted to agricultural technologies. This article will serve as a tool for dietitians to appraise original research reports, literature reviews, pooled analyses, economic evaluations and opinion surveys related to food biotechnology. The literature regarding rBST will be critiqued because this highly controversial, but extensively studied, genetically-engineered hormone has raised questions about animal health, the human health aspects of milk consumption, social, ethical and economic concerns. Because animal health issues ore still under investigation in Canada and economic issues have received little attention, this article will fetus on these aspects of rBST
SN  - 0008-3399
AV  - DURHAM REG HLTH DEPT,WHITBY,ON,CANADA.
UR  - ISI:A1996VZ79800005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2404
T1  - Health promotion evaluation: focus on "healthy cities" 1359
A1  - Akerman,M.
A1  - Mendes,R.
A1  - Bogus,C.M.
A1  - Westphal,M.F.
A1  - Bichir,A.
A1  - Pedroso,M.L.
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - J Portuguese Article Akerman, M, Rua Dona Brigida,232 32, BR-04111080 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil 61 0 REVISTA DE SAUDE PUBLICA SAO PAULO FACULDADE SAUDE PUBL DA USP, AV DR ARNALDO 715, 01255 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL REV SAUDE PUBL OCT Discipline: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 630UJ
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Brazil
KW  - CAPABILITY
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - COMMUNITY INITIATIVES
KW  - context
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Empowerment
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - HEALTHY
KW  - healthy city
KW  - indicators
KW  - international
KW  - Into
KW  - KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Medline
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - MOVEMENT
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - principles
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Research
KW  - Review
KW  - social participation
KW  - ST-PETERSBURG
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TOOL
KW  - UPDATE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 638
EP  - 646
JF  - Revista de Saude Publica.Vol.36(5)()(pp 638-646), 2002.
J1  - Revista de Saude Publica
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
N2  - Since the Healthy City movement is a health promotion strategy, an update study was carried out to put into context the health promotion evaluation debate stressing the principles to be considered in an evaluation initiative and in the problematic of Health Cities projects. A literature review of "Healthy Cities " was conducted. A typology based on of Healthy Cities papers found in MEDLINE, LILACS and published in the "Health Promotion International " between 1985 and 2000 was proposed taking into consideration the main focus of each paper Articles on evaluation were analyzed in more details according to stressing methods, research tools, indicators, study results, and critical appraisal of their models. Finally, it is highlighted initiatives that would come close to the principles of "Health Promotion " and adopt evaluation as a tool for building tip capabilities and the empowerment of community groups involved with Healthy Cities initiatives
SN  - 0034-8910
AV  - Fac Med ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. Prefeitura Municipal Sao Paulo, Secretaria Saude, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Estado Saude Sao Paulo, Inst Saude Secreteria, Sao Paulo, S Glam, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Pratica Saude Publ, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Secretaria Saude Municipio Bertioga, Bertioga, SP, Brazil. Secretaria Municipal Meio Ambiente Municipio Bert, Bertioga, SP, Brazil.
UR  - ISI:000180127800016
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2405
T1  - Ability of pediatric residents to read critically clinical research papers 2442
A1  - Espinosa-Huerta,E.
A1  - Robles-Paramo,A.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J Spanish Article 20 3 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN NOV-DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal YY241
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - alternative
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - education investigation
KW  - epidemiological investigation
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Experts
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Instrument
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Judgment
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - medical pediatrics
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Paper
KW  - pediatric
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - residence
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Social Security
KW  - SOCIAL-SECURITY
KW  - Spanish
KW  - STAGE
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 469
EP  - 474
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
N2  - Objective. To explore ability to read clinical research papers by pediatric residents at different stages of their training. Setting. Four hospitals of the Mexican Social Security System located in Mexico City. Material and methods. An instrument to evaluate the ability to read critically pediatric research papers was developed and validated by four experts. It contained four abstracts generated from research articles and was integrated by 30 interpretation items, 30 judgment items and 30 alternative proposals items, to be answered by the true-false-don't know system. Results. Sixty seven residents participated (21 first year, 20 second year and 26 third year level). There were no significant differences in interpretation, judgment and overall scores between groups. There was a significant degree of agreement in the ordinality of the residents for the scores in interpretation, judgment and proposals (Kendall W = 0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusions. We conclude that the residents were not influenced by the training received during their residence in regard to their ability for critical reading of clinical research papers
SN  - 0034-8376
UR  - ISI:000072127400007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2406
T1  - Ability of medical residents to read critically clinical research papers 2561
A1  - Paramo,A.R.
A1  - Velazquez,L.V.
A1  - Alarcon,P.E.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J Spanish Article 27 1 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN MAR-APR Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal XD087
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL ABILITY
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - educational investigation
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Experts
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - international
KW  - interpretation
KW  - investigation
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - LENGTH
KW  - MEDICAL JOURNALS
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - Paper
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - READ
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - RESIDENCY
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SCALE
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Semantic Differential
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Training
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 117
EP  - 122
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
N2  - Objective. To explore the association of length of clinical training and ability to read critically clinical research papers in groups of residents of internal medicine. Material and methods. An instrument to evaluate critical reading was developed validated by four experts in clinical epidemiology. It contains four abstract from international medical journals. Each article was followed by 20 questions of false/true/ do not know options: 42 were interpretation items and 38 were judgement items. Each article had a semantic differential scale from 1 to 10 of global value of the paper. Seventy internal medicine residents participated: 20 in their first year of residency, 31 in the second year and 19 in the third year. Results. There were no differences between overall scores according to year of training (global median score of 22.5 out of 80 as a maximum). Globally the interpretation items reached a median of 22 versus 9 in the in the judgement items (p < 0.01). A tendency to underestimate the validity of the articles by the residents was observed, i.e. their overall validity was significantly lower than that of the experts (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a correlation of 0.45 between the scores in this study and those obtained during their medical studies. Conclusion. These groups of residents were not influenced by length of their training during their internal medicine residency and their ability to judge clinical investigation papers
SN  - 0034-8376
UR  - ISI:A1997XD08700006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2407
T1  - Persistence of critical reading of research articles by medical residents 2413
A1  - Cobos-Aguilar,H.
A1  - Espinosa-Alarcon,P.A.
A1  - Viniegra-Velazquez,L.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - J Spanish Article 7 2 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN JAN-FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal ZH380
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - educational research
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Learning
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - participation
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - Research
KW  - RESEARCH ARTICLES
KW  - RESEARCH PAPER
KW  - researchers
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistics
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Technique
KW  - testing
KW  - Training
KW  - US
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 43
EP  - 46
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
N2  - Objectives. 1. To evaluate the persistence of a training course on critical reading of medical articles by medical residents seven months after training. 2. To compare the persistence of training according to type of training (participative vs expositive). Methods. We used the same groups of first year medical residents of a previous study. They had received seven months before a 30 hours training in the reading of research articles: Group I (N = 28) had a course of active participation by reading articles previous to meeting discussions; II (n = 17) exposition of research themes by active researchers; III (n = 23) same as II but with non-research trainers. Using an examination questionnaire developed and validated by us to explore critical reading of research papers, the trainees were scored after finishing their training (initial score). Seven months later we retested them using the same test (not all were retested: two were missing in groups I and III and six in Group II). Non parametric statistics were used to compare the groups (Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney). Results. There were no intragroup differences of the retesting versus the initial median in the three groups (I had 17.5 vs 19 initial, II had 7 vs 13, III had 6 vs 3). In the initial testing, Groups I and II scored higher than III, but only Group I was higher than the other groups upon retesting (p<0.006). Conclusion. An active participatory training to promote critical reading was better than the traditional training techniques still widely used
SN  - 0034-8376
UR  - ISI:000073102700007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2408
T1  - Teaching critical reading to medical residents 2619
A1  - Aguilar,H.C.
A1  - Alarcon,P.E.
A1  - Velazquez,L.V.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J Spanish Article Aguilar, HC, HOSP GEN 33,DEPT EDUC MED INVEST,IMSS,MONTERREY,NUEVO LEON,MEXICO 10 0 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN NOV-DEC Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal WG007
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical epidemiology
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - educational research
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Experts
KW  - Information
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - participation
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading strategies
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - student participation
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 431
EP  - 436
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
N2  - Objetive. To compare an educational strategy for promoting the participation versus the traditional teaching of research in medical residents. Material and methods. We generated a questionnaire validated by experts: to evaluate the critical reading of clinical epidemiology reports. It contains 75 items which explore interpretation judgements or proposals of modification to the reports. A total of 68 first year residents were included in three groups who were exposed for 27-28 hours in periodic sessions to training: group I was exposed to a critical reading strategy with active discussion promoted by a professor. Groups II and III had a traditional training with lectures using the same information in all groups. Results. There were no group differences in their critical reading previous to receiving the training. Groups I and II increased their global medians basically in the interpretation skills. When the results were adjusted eliminate the chance-expected changes, only group I improved its critical reading. Conclusion. The strategy promoting student participation appeared to be superior to the traditional strategy in the training of our medical residents
SN  - 0034-8376
UR  - ISI:A1996WG00700004
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2409
T1  - The role of the biostatistician in biomedical research 2195
A1  - Bangdiwala,S.I.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J Spanish Article Bangdiwala, SI, Univ N Carolina, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA 18 1 SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO SANTIAGO 9 BERNARDA MORIN 488 PROVIDENCIA, CASILLA 168 CORREO 55, SANTIAGO 9, CHILE REV MED CHILE FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 184MV
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Attention
KW  - biomedical
KW  - Biomedical Research
KW  - Chile
KW  - clinical
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - computer-aided design
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - Evolution
KW  - IF
KW  - Information
KW  - interpretation
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - Literature
KW  - LONGITUDINAL DATA
KW  - Medical Research
KW  - MEDICAL-RESEARCH
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - models
KW  - Paper
KW  - Periodicals
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Regression
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - SI
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistics
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - TERM
KW  - USA
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 223
EP  - 228
JF  - Revista Medica de Chile
VL  - 127
IS  - 2
N2  - Medical research projects that involve any aspect of the collection, summarization, analysis and/or interpretation of clinical quantitative information require statistical support. This input may be provided by the clinicians themselves if properly trained, but is most appropriately and commonly achieved by a relationship with a biostatistician. The biostatistician can be an assistant, a consultant, or a colleague co-investigator. The role of the biostatistician in the research endeavor is one that is partially dictated by the nature of this relationship, but also is one that has evolved considerably in the recent past. This paper reviews the role of the biostatistician in terms of the potential contribution to the research, with special attention to the evolution of this role in light of the fast changes in computation and in statistical methodology. Finally, a method for biostatistical critical appraisal of the biomedical literature is proposed
SN  - 0034-9887
AV  - Univ N Carolina, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
UR  - ISI:000079616700014
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2410
T1  - Aptitude for critical reading of clinical research reports in medical residents of the IMSS in Jalisco 1601
A1  - Barajas,J.L.M.
A1  - Velazquez,L.V.
A1  - Gonzalez,F.A.L.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J Spanish Article Barajas, JLM, Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Ciencias Salud Poblac & Desarrollo Humano, IMSS Jalisco, Coodinac Delegac Educ Med, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 17 1 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN SEP-OCT Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 500YF
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - development
KW  - Diagnosis
KW  - discipline
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - investigation
KW  - media
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - medical specialization
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Reading
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - residence
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - Social Security
KW  - SOCIAL-SECURITY
KW  - Spanish
KW  - theoretical
KW  - Time
KW  - Treatment
KW  - UNIT
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 413
EP  - 421
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
N2  - Objective. To investigate the aptitude degree of the critical reading in reports of clinical investigation in the residents of the different areas of medical specialties. Material and methods. It was elaborated and it validated an instrument to explore the critical reading in their abilities of to interpret and to judge. We studied 572 medical residents of eight units of the Mexican Institute of the Social Security: 292 of the medical area, 227 of the surgical area, 30 of the area of auxiliary in diagnosis and treatment, and 23 of the research area. Results. The median of the qualifications obtained, they were low (considering a theoretical qualification maxim of 100), for the residents of the three areas: medicine with 34, surgical whit 30 and auxiliary in diagnosis and treatment with 28.5. For the research area, the aptitude was a medium degree with 49. Of the 572 residents 98 (17.1%) it didn't surpass the limit of the accountable qualifications for a random effect. In the medical area we found a positive differential effect of the time of residence in the aptitude for the critical reading, particularly in the specialty of Internal Medicine. Conclusions. The development of the aptitude for the critical reading of reports of clinical investigation in general is low, the exception, are the residents in investigation and in certain measure those of internal medicine; in this last one it seems product of an intentional, grupal, systematic and progressive exercise
SN  - 0034-8376
AV  - Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Ciencias Salud Poblac & Desarrollo Humano, IMSS Jalisco, Coodinac Delegac Educ Med, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
UR  - ISI:000172655700006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2411
T1  - Evidence based medicine 2471
A1  - Bonfill,X.
A1  - Gabriel,R.
A1  - Cabello,J.
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - J Spanish Article Bonfill, X, Fundacio Parc Tauli, Ctr Cochrane Espanol, Parc Tauli S-N, Sabadell 08208, Barcelona, Spain 41 6 EDICIONES DOYMA S/A BARCELONA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN REV ESPAN CARDIOL DEC Discipline: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems YM706
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - based medicine
KW  - cardiac
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - CARE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - COMPONENT
KW  - COMPONENTS
KW  - Concepts
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - discipline
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Espanol
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - formulation
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - international
KW  - LINE
KW  - Literature
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Medicine
KW  - On
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - ORIGINS
KW  - Paper
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Reasoning
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - SYSTEM
KW  - SYSTEMS
KW  - USERS GUIDES
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 819
EP  - 825
JF  - Revista Espanola de Cardiologia
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
N2  - This paper presents the origins and the concepts in which the paradigm of a new line of clinical reasoning "Evidence Based Medicine", is based. We describe its basic components such as: problem-oriented clinical policy formulation; information retrieval distillation and synthesis of the medical literature; critical appraisal of the evidence and clinical application. Additionally, we describe them already well established, for promoting and Evidence Based Clinical Practice. We particularly focus on the so called "Cochrane Collaboration", an international initiative whose mission is to prepare, maintain and disseminate systematic and updated reviews of the effects of health care
SN  - 0300-8932
AV  - Hosp Princesa, Unidad Invest, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Princesa, Ctr Cochrane Espanol, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Gen Alicante, Unidad Invest, Alicante, Spain.
UR  - ISI:000071092400001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2412
T1  - From evidence-based medicine to medicine-based evidence 1620
A1  - de Dios,J.G.
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - J Spanish Article de Dios, JG, Prof Manuel Sala 6,3 A, Alicante 03003, Spain 58 3 EDICIONES DOYMA S/L BARCELONA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN AN ESPAN PEDIAT NOV Discipline: Pediatrics 492TE
KW  - ACCESS
KW  - AGENCY
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - APPRAISAL SKILLS
KW  - Article
KW  - assessment
KW  - Awareness
KW  - BENEFIT
KW  - biomedical
KW  - CARE
KW  - CHOICES
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - clinical practice guideline
KW  - clinical practice guidelines
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - Cochrane
KW  - COCHRANE COLLABORATION
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - COMPARE TREATMENTS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - Critically Appraised Topics
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - discipline
KW  - EBM
KW  - effectiveness
KW  - efficacy
KW  - EFFICIENCY
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Guidelines
KW  - health
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY
KW  - individual patients
KW  - Information
KW  - Information sources
KW  - interest
KW  - Internet
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - Life
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Medical Practice
KW  - Medicine
KW  - META-ANALYSES
KW  - Meta-Analysis
KW  - METAANALYSES
KW  - OF-LIFE
KW  - On
KW  - PARADIGM
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - practice
KW  - Practice Guideline
KW  - Practice Guidelines
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - quality
KW  - quality management
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - QUALITY-OF-LIFE
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - ROUTE
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Societies
KW  - Society
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
KW  - Technology
KW  - technology assessment
KW  - TOOL
KW  - Total Quality Management
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - Use
KW  - VARIABILITY
KW  - variability in clinical practice
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 429
EP  - 439
JF  - Anales Espanoles de Pediatria
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
N2  - Medical practice is changing due to the more efficient use of the biomedical literature in making decisions on the care of individual patients. This constitutes a new scientific paradigm: evidence-based medicine (EBM). The factors that may explain the growing interest in EBM are awareness of variability in clinical practice, the importance of the efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of new health technologies, and ease of access to biomedical literature (especially through the Internet). The main tools of EBM in clinical practice are the increasing production of systematic reviews of health interventions (Cochrane Collaboration, Agencies for Health Technology Assessment, Clinical Practice Guidelines) and critical appraisal of scientific documents [Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and Critically Appraised Topics banks]. EBM emphasizes benefit to the individual patient and its key point is efficacy, since the principal source of information are clinical trials and meta-analyses in "ideal" clinical practice. Medicine-based evidence, as the complement of EBM, emphasizes benefit to society and its key point is the effectiveness and efficiency of health interventions, since the main information sources are measures of health-related quality of life and economic analyses in "normal" clinical practice. Total quality management aims at medicine based evidence
SN  - 0302-4342
AV  - Univ Miguel Hernandez, Hosp Univ San Juan, Fac Med, Dept Pediat, Alicante, Spain.
UR  - ISI:000172183000006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2413
T1  - Critical reading in medical residents 2180
A1  - Gonzalez,F.A.L.
A1  - Velaquez,L.V.
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - J Spanish Article Gonzalez, FAL, Av Ursulo Galvan 22,Zona Ctr, Xalapa 91000, Ver, Mexico 18 0 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN JAN-FEB Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 190YE
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - CHANCE
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Research
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - critical reading ability
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DOMAIN
KW  - DOMAINS
KW  - General Surgery
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Internal Medicine
KW  - INTERNAL-MEDICINE
KW  - interpretation
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - medical specialization
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - On
KW  - pediatric
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - PROPOSAL
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reading Ability
KW  - READING-ABILITY
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Resident
KW  - RESIDENTS
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
N2  - Objective, To explore ability for critical reading of clinical research reports in groups of residents of four specialties: internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery and gynecology/obstetrics. Material and methods. A research was carried out in medical residents of 12 hospitals of the Institute Mexicano del Seguro Social: 143 of internal medicine, 119 of pediatrics, 74 of general surgery and 74 of gynecology/obstetrics. An instrument was built and validated in order to explore the critical reading by three domains: interpretation, judgements and proposals. Results. No significant effect of years of training on the critical reading of clinical research reports was observed. The overall scores were low (maximum: 120): internal medicine = 35, pediatrics = 29, general surgery = 24.5 and gynecology/obstetrics = 25. 116 students (28%) obtained scores below of the level expected by chance. Conclusions. This study suggest that the training is not very fruitful in the development of the critical reading ability of clinical research reports, a low development of this ability was observed in medical residents
SN  - 0034-8376
AV  - Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Unidad Med Familiar 10, Xalapa, Ver, Mexico.
UR  - ISI:000079992200005
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2414
T1  - Clinical interpretation of statistical significance 2560
A1  - LopezJimenez,F.
Y1  - 1996///
N1  - J Spanish Article LopezJimenez, F, BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INTERNAL MED,PBB 2,75 FRANCIS ST,BOSTON,MA 02115 46 2 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN MAY-JUN Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal XC492
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical interpretation
KW  - clinical studies
KW  - Clinical Study
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Confidence Interval
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - efficacy
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - HERPES-ZOSTER
KW  - INFERENCE
KW  - interpretation
KW  - INTERVAL
KW  - Literature
KW  - meaning
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Mexico
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - ORAL ACYCLOVIR
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - P-Value
KW  - P-VALUES
KW  - Paper
KW  - Physician
KW  - Physicians
KW  - Probability
KW  - Reading
KW  - reason
KW  - relative risk reduction
KW  - Research
KW  - Scientific Literature
KW  - Spanish
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - STENOSIS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TERM
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapy
KW  - TREAT
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - UNDERSTAND
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - WILL
KW  - WOMEN
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 231
EP  - 238
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
N2  - In any clinical study which compares versus an established therapy, the results will be expressed in terms of statistical significance. For this reason, it is important that every clinician interested in a judicious interpretation of the scientific literature, understands the origin and interpretation of statistical significance. The present paper addresses physicians attempting to give practical meaning to research results by discriminative and critical reading. The main aim is to explain in a simple way the meaning of the P-value, confidence intervals, and the required number to treat. Using practical examples, the most common mistakes in the interpretation of statistical significance are analyzed. The difference between statistical and clinical significance is emphasized and a new way to express and compare the practical utility of clinical trial results and the required number to treat is given
SN  - 0034-8376
UR  - ISI:A1996XC49200008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2415
T1  - Reading-elaboration of experimental studies in neurology. Clinical trials 850
A1  - Marcos,V.M.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J Spanish Article Marcos, VM, Hosp Cent Asturias, Serv Neurol 2, Oviedo 33006, Spain vmateosm@wanadoo.es 42 1 S T M EDITORES, S A BARCELONA PASEO DE GRACIA 25, 3, 08007 BARCELONA, SPAIN NEUROLOGIA SEP Suppl. 1 Discipline: Clinical Neurology 865VC
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Trial
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIAL
KW  - CLINICAL-TRIALS
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - development
KW  - discipline
KW  - DRUG
KW  - DRUGS
KW  - evidence
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - evidence-based-medicine
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - IF
KW  - interpretation
KW  - Into
KW  - limitations
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Neurology
KW  - Prescription
KW  - principles
KW  - quality
KW  - Reading
KW  - SERIES
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TRIAL
KW  - TRIALS
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
JF  - Neurologia.Vol.19(SUPPL.1)()(pp 39-46), 2004.
J1  - Neurologia
VL  - 19
N2  - Over the last decades we have witnessed a significant and quick development of our speciality, especially in that referring to new therapeutic offers. This situation would not have been possible if the new drugs had not demonstrated their therapeutic goodness in clinical trials. In a medicine in which the concept of evidence-based is more and more established, the clinical trial has been formed as a key point in which to look for the evidence. Nevertheless, they also have a series of limitations that must be known. The critical reading of its results will facilitate the correct and unbiased interpretation of these and it will be translated into the fact that our therapeutic prescriptions will be properly reasoned, that is to say, guided by the principles of the evidence-based medicine
SN  - 0213-4853
AV  - Hosp Cent Asturias, Serv Neurol 2, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
UR  - ISI:000224730900006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2416
T1  - Theoretical bases for the critical reading of neurological articles on diagnostic tests 1079
A1  - Martin,P.M.
A1  - Guzman,J.D.
Y1  - 2003///
N1  - J Spanish Article Martin, PM, Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Nacl Epidemiol, Secc Neuroepidemiol, Sinesio Delgado,6, Madrid 28029, Spain pmartinez@isciii.es 18 0 S T M EDITORES, S A BARCELONA PASEO DE GRACIA 25, 3, 08007 BARCELONA, SPAIN NEUROLOGIA DEC Suppl. 2 Discipline: Clinical Neurology 768FT
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - AGREEMENT
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Attention
KW  - BALANCE
KW  - Bias
KW  - biases
KW  - clinical
KW  - Clinical Practice
KW  - CLINICAL-PRACTICE
KW  - CLINICIAN
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - data
KW  - Dementia
KW  - diagnostic
KW  - Diagnostic Test
KW  - Diagnostic Tests
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TEST
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS
KW  - discipline
KW  - DISEASE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Gold Standard
KW  - Medical Literature
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Neurology
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - Patient
KW  - patients
KW  - practice
KW  - question
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - selection bias
KW  - Spain
KW  - Spanish
KW  - SPECTRUM
KW  - Standard
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - TESTS
KW  - theoretical
KW  - TOOL
KW  - USERS GUIDES
KW  - UTILITY
KW  - Validity
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 39
EP  - 45
JF  - Neurologia.Vol.19(SUPPL.1)()(pp 39-46), 2004.
J1  - Neurologia
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
N2  - Neurologists usually order diagnostic tests in clinical practice. A growing number and sophistication of the diagnostic tests in the last decades are evident. It is necessary for the clinician to know the operative functioning and accuracy of such tools. In addition, when reading a scientific paper about diagnostic test, the neurologist must pay attention to some methodological questions. These can be summarized as: a) blind and independent comparison between test result and gold standard, b) adequate gold standard, c) diagnostic test must be applied in appropriate spectrum of the disease, d) to appraise possible selection bias, and e) sufficient description of methodology, so it allow to replicate the study. Moreover, the evaluation should include data about test utility, and explain risk-benefit balance for the patients in whom it is used
SN  - 0213-4853
AV  - Inst Salud Carlos 3, Ctr Nacl Epidemiol, Secc Neuroepidemiol, Madrid 28029, Spain. Hosp Doce Octubre, Serv Neurol, Madrid, Spain.
UR  - ISI:000188533500006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2417
T1  - Surveillance of health care errors. An overview of the published data in Argentina 134
A1  - Codermatz,M.A.
A1  - Trillo,C.
A1  - Berenstein,G.
A1  - Ortiz,Z.
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - J Spanish Article Ortiz, Z, Acad Nacl Med Buenos Aires, Ctr Invest Epidemiol, Pacheco Melo 3081, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina ortiz@epidemiologia.anm.edu.ar 45 0 MEDICINA (BUENOS AIRES) BUENOS AIRES DONATO ALVAREZ 3150, 1427 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRES Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 102GW
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - adverse effects
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Argentina
KW  - Art
KW  - Article
KW  - ATTRIBUTES
KW  - CARE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - Diagnostic Errors
KW  - discipline
KW  - epidemiologic surveillance
KW  - Error
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - evidence
KW  - FIELD
KW  - FIELDS
KW  - HAND
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Malpractice
KW  - Medical Error
KW  - Medical Errors
KW  - medication errors
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Medline
KW  - NEED
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - Patient
KW  - Patient Safety
KW  - Public Health
KW  - PUBLIC-HEALTH
KW  - quality
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - research priorities
KW  - Review
KW  - Safety
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Spanish
KW  - STATE
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Study Design
KW  - SURVEILLANCE
KW  - Synthesis
KW  - Systematic Review
KW  - the state
KW  - UNDERSTAND
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 427
EP  - 432
JF  - Medicina-Buenos Aires
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
N2  - Surveillance of health care errors. An overview of the published data in Argentina. In the last decades, public health surveillance extended its scope of study to new fields, such as medical errors, in order to improve patient safety. This study was aimed to review all the evidence produced in Argentina about the surveillance of medical errors. An exhaustive literature search was performed. A total of 4656 abstracts were assessed (150 MEDLINE, 145 LILACS, and 4361 hand searched abstracts). Of them, 52 were analysed and 8 were considered relevant for health care error surveillance. Different approaches were used to study medical errors. Some of them have focused on patient safety and others on medical malpractice. There is still a need to improve the surveillance of this type of event. Mainly, the quality reports of study design and surveillance attributes were unclear. A critical appraisal and synthesis of all relevant studies on health care errors may help to understand not only the state of the art, but also to define research priorities
SN  - 0025-7680
AV  - Acad Nacl Med Buenos Aires, Ctr Invest Epidemiol, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
UR  - ISI:000241800000007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2418
T1  - The health professors education. Role of discussion in small groups for the development of the critical reading aptitude 849
A1  - Isfran-Sanchez,M.
A1  - Viniegra-Velaquez,L.
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - J Spanish Article Viniegra-Velaquez, L, Ctr Med Nacl Siglo XXI, Av Cuauhtemoc 330,Esq Eje 3 Sur,Col Doctores, Mexico City 06725, DF, Mexico leonardo.viniegra@imss.gob.mx 35 0 INST NACIONAL NUTRICION TLALPAN VASCO DE QUIROZA #15, TLALPAN 14000 D F, MEXICO REV INVEST CLIN JUL-AUG Discipline: Medicine, General & Internal 866HG
KW  - Achievement
KW  - And
KW  - Aptitude
KW  - AREA
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - CARE
KW  - CITIES
KW  - City
KW  - CONSISTENCY
KW  - content
KW  - control
KW  - critical
KW  - critical reading
KW  - development
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - discipline
KW  - discussion
KW  - DURATION
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - GE
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - indicators
KW  - Instrument
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - JOURNAL CLUB
KW  - Medical Education
KW  - Medical Personnel
KW  - Medicine
KW  - method
KW  - methods
KW  - Mexico
KW  - On
KW  - OPTIONS
KW  - participation
KW  - PHASE
KW  - Reading
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - SCORE
KW  - small groups
KW  - Spanish
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - teaching course
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 466
EP  - 476
JF  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica.Vol.56(4)()(pp 466-476), 2004.
J1  - Revista de Investigacion Clinica
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
N2  - Objective. Compare the achievements of an educational strategy promoting participation of three phases (homework, discussion in small groups, plenary session) and other of two phases (homework and plenary session) for the development of critical reading of educational research reports in professors of medicine and other health care areas. Material and methods. An instrument was validated with summaries of 5 published articles and 114 sentences that explored the 3 indicators of critical reading: to interpret, judge and propose; balanced by indicators and options with true/ false/don't know answers. The consistency of the instrument was 0.90 (Kuder-Richardson). Two groups of medical and no medical personnel were formed at random. The experimental group (GE) was exposed to the strategy promoting the participation of three phases and the control group (GC) to the strategy promoting the participation of two phases. The contents and duration were equal in both groups. Results. Before the educative interventions there were no significant differences between the groups. After the interventions both groups advanced significantly in the global score, the GE from 32 to 82 (p < 0.005) and the GC from 28 to 52 (p < 0.01). When comparing between themselves statistically significant differences were found on behalf of the GE (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The achievement of the educational strategy promoting the participation of three phases was superior to the strategy of two phases and this difference is due to the discussion phase in small groups
SN  - 0034-8376
AV  - IMSS, Delegac Nuevo Leon, CIEFD, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. IMSS, Direcc Prestac Med, Coordinac Educ Salud, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
UR  - ISI:000224764000008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2419
T1  - Critical literacy: a librarian and an English professor collaborate 91
A1  - Harvey,K.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20020325 Accession Number: 102410
KW  - And
KW  - Article
KW  - asynchronous learning
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - critical literacy
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - EVALUATE
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Faculty
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Needs
KW  - Information sources
KW  - Internet
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - learning environment
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Librarians
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Library
KW  - Library Services
KW  - Literacy
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Paper
KW  - Publication
KW  - Rhode Island
KW  - Role
KW  - Role in
KW  - SERVICE
KW  - SERVICES
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Thinking
KW  - UPDATE
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - Michigan, 1998, p
EP  - Michigan, 1998,82
JA  - The Eighth Off-Campus Library Services Conference Proceedings.Central Michigan University: Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 1998, p.175-82
N2  - Paper presented at the Eighth Off Campus Library Services Conference held in Providence, Rhode Island, 22-24 April 1998. Critical thinking and evaluation skills are needed as students working in an asynchronous learning environment turn to the Internet to fulfil information needs. Librarians should proactively redefine their role in the educational process by collaborating with teaching faculty to help students think critically about and evaluate Internet information sources. (Original abstract - amended)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2420
T1  - Community College Curriculum Development 174
A1  - Ediger,Marlow
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - Language: English Publication Type: 141 Reports: Descriptive Accession Number: ED428787 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Basic Skills
KW  - College
KW  - College Curriculum
KW  - Colleges
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - community college
KW  - Community Colleges
KW  - COMPLEX
KW  - Concepts
KW  - creative thinking
KW  - critical
KW  - curricula
KW  - Curriculum
KW  - Curriculum Development
KW  - development
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Objectives
KW  - Employer
KW  - English
KW  - Ethics
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - feelings
KW  - Generalization
KW  - Goals
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - Instructional Development
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Labor Force Development
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Activities
KW  - Motivation
KW  - NEED
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Objectives
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - PLACE
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - Publication
KW  - reports
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Stress
KW  - STRESSES
KW  - Student
KW  - student motivation
KW  - Students
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teaching Methods
KW  - Technology
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Two Year Colleges
KW  - Vocational Education
KW  - Work
KW  - Worker
KW  - WORKERS
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - This paper focuses on the need for continuous evaluation in community college curriculum. During the process of analyzing and updating instruction, curriculum objectives should be recognized, especially: (1) knowledge objectives, which include relevant facts, concepts, and generalizations; (2) skills objectives, such as critical and creative thinking and problem solving; and (3) affective goals, which stress that students achieve positive feelings toward knowledge and skills acquired. Community college instructors need to plan the best objectives, learning activities for students to attain these objectives, and appraisal procedures to ensure that graduating students are ready for the work place, which is becoming increasingly technical and complex. Colleges need to train and Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills emphasizes proficiencies that should be taught in education and at the work place: (1) planning in using resources, knowledge and information skills, applying technology skills, and working effectively with others; (2) assisting employers to recruit and train workers; (3) motivating workers to achieve; and (4) preparing workers for the 21st century. The paper also discusses the importance of ethics in both community colleges and the work world, and the importance of interpersonal instructional skills in a teacher's cultivation of student motivation. Contains 16 references. (AS)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2421
T1  - Developing information literacy skills in nursing and rehabilitation therapy students 13
A1  - Durando,Paola
A1  - Oakley,Patricia
Y1  - 2005///Winter
N1  - Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050726 Accession Number: 369800
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - activity
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Canada
KW  - CARE
KW  - Collaboration
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - discipline
KW  - English
KW  - Environment
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence base
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based health care
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Faculty
KW  - faculty members
KW  - graduate students
KW  - health
KW  - Health Care
KW  - HEALTH-CARE
KW  - IDENTIFY
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Literacy
KW  - journal
KW  - Language
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy skills
KW  - Literature
KW  - long term
KW  - LONG-TERM
KW  - MEMBERS
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - New Graduates
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Nurse
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing college libraries
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Ontario
KW  - physical
KW  - Physical Therapists
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - Queen's University
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Rehabilitation therapy
KW  - Research
KW  - School
KW  - schools
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Search strategies
KW  - SEARCH STRATEGY
KW  - SHORT-TERM
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Technique
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - Universities
KW  - University
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - User training
KW  - users
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 7
EP  - 11
JF  - Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association.2005 Winter; 26(1): 13-21.(25 ref)
J1  - Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - The environment in which nurses and rehabilitation therapists practice is rapidly evolving, resulting in changes in the skill sets and competencies required of new graduates. Evidence-based practice models, for example, require that entry-level nurses, physical therapists, and occupational therapists have the ability to identify, locate, and critically appraise research findings. Describes curriculum-integrated, for-credit information literacy programmes developed by the authors in collaboration with faculty members from the Schools of Nursing and Rehabilitation Therapy at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. The short-term goal of these programmes is to teach undergraduate and graduate students advanced search strategy skills and critical appraisal techniques that will enable them to explore the implications of their literature findings. The long-term goal is to graduate practitioners who not only will have the skills to practice evidence-based health care but also will participate in scholarly activities and thus contribute to the evidence base in their disciplines. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2422
T1  - Preparing entry-level practitioners for evidence-based practice 14
A1  - Maranda,Suzanne
A1  - Villeneuve,Michelle
Y1  - 2005///Winter
N1  - Language: English Publication Type: Journal Article Update: 20050726 Accession Number: 369801
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - clinical
KW  - clinical experience
KW  - CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - DECISION
KW  - DECISIONS
KW  - English
KW  - evidence
KW  - evidence based approach
KW  - Evidence Based Medicine
KW  - Evidence Based Practice
KW  - evidence-based
KW  - evidence-based approach
KW  - evidence-based practice
KW  - Experience
KW  - Faculty
KW  - GAP
KW  - Information
KW  - Information work
KW  - inquiry
KW  - Into
KW  - journal
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - LEARN
KW  - LIBRARIAN
KW  - Literature
KW  - LITERATURE SEARCH
KW  - Medical school libraries
KW  - method
KW  - NEED
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Occupational Therapist
KW  - Occupational Therapists
KW  - Occupational Therapy
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - practice
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Publication
KW  - question
KW  - SEARCH
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - strategies
KW  - STRATEGY
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - Teaching
KW  - therapies
KW  - Therapists
KW  - Therapy
KW  - UPDATE
KW  - User training
KW  - WILL
RP  - NOT IN FILE
SP  - 13
EP  - 21
JF  - Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association.2005 Winter; 26(1): 13-21.(25 ref)
J1  - Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
N2  - The authors report on a collaborative instructional method used to prepare entry-level practitioners with strategies for systematically employing an evidence-based practice process as an approach to clinical inquiry, while acknowledging the students' shortage of clinical experience and knowledge of critical appraisal. Challenges to evidence-based practice can be categorized as difficulties in obtaining evidence, analyzing evidence, and transferring evidence into practice decisions. For student occupational therapists, additional challenges are encountered as they seek to fill gaps in their knowledge about client-centred occupational therapy (OT) practice, acquire necessary background information regarding clinical conditions, and formulate a clinical question. Students need to develop literature search skills and learn effective strategies to locate appropriate information to answer the clinical question. This paper will encourage OT faculty to begin a dialogue with librarian colleagues at their institution to develop an evidence-based approach to the teaching of both the clinical inquiry and the literature search process. (Original abstract)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2423
T1  - Key Skills and Competencies. Symposium 132
Y1  - 2002///
N1  - Notes: In: Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) Conference Proceedings (Honolulu, Hawaii, February 27-March 3, 2002); see CE 084 635 Language: English Publication Type: 120 Opinion Papers; 142 Reports: Evaluative; 150 Speeches/Meeting: Papers Accession Number: ED474291 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Adult Development
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - Age
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - assessment
KW  - ASSESSMENTS
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - Career
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - career development
KW  - Career Exploration
KW  - communication skills
KW  - Competence
KW  - Competencies
KW  - competency
KW  - conference proceedings
KW  - control
KW  - Cost
KW  - Creativity
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - Developed Nations
KW  - development
KW  - economics
KW  - Education
KW  - Employee
KW  - Employment
KW  - Employment Level
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - Gender
KW  - Goal Orientation
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - Human
KW  - human resource development
KW  - human resources
KW  - Human Resources Professionals
KW  - Independence
KW  - Instrument
KW  - Interpersonal Competence
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - JOB
KW  - Job Description
KW  - Job Satisfaction
KW  - Job Skills
KW  - Labor Force Development
KW  - Language
KW  - LEVEL
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature
KW  - Literature Reviews
KW  - Management
KW  - models
KW  - Motivation
KW  - NEED
KW  - Needs
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Note
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Occupational Aspiration
KW  - On
KW  - Organizational Change
KW  - Paper
KW  - Perception
KW  - Performance Based Assessment
KW  - postsecondary education
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - professionals
KW  - Project Management
KW  - Publication
KW  - reports
KW  - Research Design
KW  - responsibilities
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - Review
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - SELECTION
KW  - Self Actualization
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - Sex
KW  - Skill
KW  - skill development
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - STAFF-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - Success
KW  - survey
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Symposium
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Time
KW  - Training
KW  - training needs
KW  - Training Objectives
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Vocational Education
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - This document contains three papers on key skills and competencies and human resource development (HRD). "Career Related Competencies" (Marinka A.C.T. Kuijpers) reports findings from surveys completed by Dutch employees who identified these issues: self-reflection is more important than career control; age and gender influence attitude toward career actualization; employment level is related to self-presentation competence; and career actualization is highly related to an individual's perception of career success. Based upon the findings, an instrument for identifying and measuring competencies for goal and value achievement is presented. "Project Management Competencies Needed by HRD Professionals: A Literature Review" (Charlotte M. Nitardy, Gary N. McLean) reviews the current time and cost; and suggests their application to HRD responsibilities such as job evaluations, staff development, recruitment and selection, training needs analysis and planning, job descriptions, and assessments and appraisals. "The Determination of Key Skills from an Economic Perspective" (Jasper B. van Loo, Bert Toolsema) defines key skills based on an economically inspired framework and applies the theory to survey results of Dutch vocational education graduates, whose key skills were found to be problem-solving, independence, oral presentation/speaking, accuracy/carefulness, initiative/creativity, and contactual. All three papers have substantial bibliographies. (AJ)
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 2424
T1  - Work-Based Learning in the Contemporary Australian VET Sector: A Re-Appraisal 148
A1  - Henry,John
A1  - Mitchell,John
A1  - Young,Susan
Y1  - 2001///
N1  - Notes: In: Research to Reality: Putting VET Research To Work. Proceedings of the Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association (AVETRA) Conference (4th, Adelaide, Australia, March 28-30, 2001); see CE 082 232 Language: English Publication Type: 070 Information Analyses; 150 Speeches/Meeting Papers Accession Number: ED456280
KW  - action learning
KW  - Action Research
KW  - Adoption (Ideas)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - And
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Australia
KW  - Authority
KW  - Bibliography
KW  - critical
KW  - definition
KW  - Definitions
KW  - development
KW  - Education
KW  - education and training
KW  - Educational Practices
KW  - educational research
KW  - Educational Trends
KW  - effort
KW  - English
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Experiential Learning
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - Foundations
KW  - FRAMEWORK
KW  - Funding
KW  - Goals
KW  - IMPROVEMENT
KW  - Information
KW  - Inplant Programs
KW  - Integrated Curriculum
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Language
KW  - Learner Controlled Instruction
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Organizations
KW  - Lifelong Learning
KW  - Literature Reviews
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - Note
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Organization
KW  - Organizations
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - postsecondary education
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - PROGRAMS
KW  - Publication
KW  - REALITY
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Utilization
KW  - Review
KW  - Science
KW  - social science
KW  - Staff
KW  - Staff Development
KW  - STAFF-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - teacher education
KW  - Teacher Improvement
KW  - TERM
KW  - theoretical
KW  - theoretical foundations
KW  - theories
KW  - Theory
KW  - Theory Practice Relationship
KW  - Training
KW  - Trend Analysis
KW  - Vocational Education
KW  - Vocational Education Teachers
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Based Learning
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - Significant developments have occurred in the field of professional development (PD) in Australia's vocational education and training (VET) sector in the past 10 years. During the early 1990s, work-based learning (WBL) became the preferred model for PD in the VET sector. Research sponsored by the National Staff Development Committee of the Australian National Training Authority in 1993 identified action learning as an appropriate methodology for structuring national VET sector PD programs. Later research focused on issues such as linking PD programs to national VET policy goals, adopting learner-centered PD approaches, and transforming evaluations of PD programs from efforts designed to satisfy funding requirements to foundations for program improvement. Advocates for basing VET on adult education, lifelong learning, and learning organizations. A review of the research provides the beginnings of a more detailed descriptive framework for evaluating and researching in the field of PD. The framework draws together theoretical perspectives on andragogy, learning organizations, and theories of critical social science that inform the methodologies of action learning and action research. (Definitions of key terms related to the theoretical foundations of WBL are appended. The bibliography contains 57 references.) (MN)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2425
T1  - The Use of Applied Communications in Developing Critical Thinking Skills of Tech Prep Students 178
A1  - Gelven,Don R.
A1  - Stewart,Bob R.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - Notes: Paper presented at the American Vocational Association Convention (New Orleans, LA, December 11, 1998) Language: English Publication Type: 143 Reports: Research; 150 Speeches/Meeting Papers Accession Number: ED427191 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - abilities
KW  - Ability
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Administration
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - And
KW  - Applied Communication
KW  - appraisal
KW  - ASSOCIATION
KW  - Communication
KW  - communication skills
KW  - control
KW  - COURSES
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - critical thinking ability
KW  - critical thinking skills
KW  - data
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Benefits
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - English instruction
KW  - form
KW  - high schools
KW  - IMPROVE
KW  - INVENTORY
KW  - Language
KW  - Model
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Multivariate Analysis of Variance
KW  - Note
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - Paper
KW  - participation
KW  - Perception
KW  - PERCEPTIONS
KW  - Problem Solving
KW  - problem-solving
KW  - problem-solving skills
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Publication
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Sample
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - SECONDARIES
KW  - secondary students
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Self Evaluation (Individuals)
KW  - SELF-EFFICACY
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Tech Prep
KW  - TESTS
KW  - Thinking
KW  - thinking skills
KW  - Time
KW  - Use
KW  - Variance
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - A study examined the effect of participation in a tech prep program, specifically an applied communications course, on the problem-solving self-appraisal and critical thinking skills of secondary students. It also explored effects of a traditional English course and an honors English course on these factors. A pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design was used. The Problem Solving Inventory Form B (Heppner 1988) measured the individual's self-appraisal of problem-solving self-efficacy; the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Form B (Watson and Glaser 1980) measured critical thinking abilities. The sample consisted of students enrolled in four sections of three English courses: applied communications, traditional English, and honors English. Complete data were to calculate a multivariate analysis of variance with the general linear model adaptation for a two-factor repeated measures experiment or a Pearson Product-Moment correlation, as appropriate. Findings indicated the following: a statistically significant difference in mean total scores on both tests by type of English course; no statistically significant difference in mean total scores by time of test administration; and a correlation for posttest scores significantly different than zero. Critical thinking abilities of students who completed the applied communications course did not significantly improve and their perceptions of their problem-solving skills did not become more positive. (Contains 16 references.)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2426
T1  - Program Planning for the Training and Continuing Education of Adults: North American Perspectives 179
A1  - Cookson,Peter S.,Ed.
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - Publisher: Krieger Publishing Company, P.O. Box 9542, Melbourne, FL 32902: ($59.50) Language: English Publication Type: 010 Books Accession Number: ED423425 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - Adult
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - Adult Learning
KW  - adults
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Author
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - context
KW  - Continuing Education
KW  - CONTINUING-EDUCATION
KW  - critical
KW  - Education
KW  - Educational Finance
KW  - Educational Needs
KW  - Educational Philosophy
KW  - Educational Practices
KW  - effective instruction
KW  - English
KW  - events
KW  - Evolution
KW  - FORMAT
KW  - Houle (Cyril O)
KW  - instruction
KW  - Knowles (Malcolm S)
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - LONG
KW  - Marketing
KW  - Model
KW  - models
KW  - NEED
KW  - NORTH
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - Paper
KW  - PERSPECTIVES
KW  - PROGRAM
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Program Evaluation
KW  - program planning
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publishing
KW  - Role
KW  - Student Recruitment
KW  - SUBJECT
KW  - Training
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - This book provides an overview of program planning for adult learning from philosophical and pedagogical perspectives. It contains 19 papers and an introduction by the editor, Peter S. Cookson. The following are included: "A Conceptual Context for Program Planning" (Peter S. Cookson); "Prototypical Program Planning Models"--"Houle's Fundamental System" (Peter S. Cookson), "The Andragogical Model: The Evolution of a Model of Learning" (Malcolm S. Knowles), and "The Critical Events Model" (Leonard Nadler, Zeace Nadler); "Alternative Program Planning Models" (Huey B. Long); "The Role of the Programmer" (Travis Shipp); "Philosophical and Ethical Considerations" (Ralph G. Brockett, Roger Hiemstra); "Reflecting on What Program Planners Really Do" (Ronald M. Cervero, Arthur L. Wilson);"Examining the External Context" (Peter S. Cookson); "The Nature and Role of the Organizational Sponsor" (Joe F. Donaldson); "What We Need to Know about Adult Learners" (Jovita M. Ross-Gordon); "Determining Program Needs" (Sandra Pearce); "Program Priorities, Purposes, and Objectives" (Thomas J. Sork); "Measurement and Appraisal of Program Success" (David Deshler); "Designing Effective Instruction for Adults" (Burton Sisco, John Cochenour); "Selecting Formats for Learning" (Robert A. Fellenz): "Program Promotion and Marketing" (Michael J. Havercamp); "Reinventing Recruitment and Retention" (B. Allan Quigley); "Adding Value: Program Financing for Program Planners" (Karen E. Watkins, Thomas L. Sechrest); "Staffing" (Daniele D. Flannery); and "Program Planning in Retrospect" (Peter S. indexed by author and by subject. (KC)
SN  - 0894647679
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2427
T1  - Handbook of Reading Research. Volume III 159
A1  - Kamil,Michael L.
A1  - Mosenthal,Peter B.
A1  - Pearson,P.David
A1  - Barr,Rebecca
Y1  - 2000///
N1  - Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers, 10 Industrial Ave.,: Mahwah, NJ 07430-2262 ($85). Tel: 1-800-9-BOOKS-9 (Toll Free). Web: site: http://www.erlbaum.com Language: English Publication Type: 010 Books; 020 Collected Works: General Accession Number: ED451473 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - Achievement
KW  - And
KW  - AREA
KW  - Australia
KW  - Beginning Reading
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - Case Studies
KW  - Case Study
KW  - children
KW  - childrens literature
KW  - classroom
KW  - consequence
KW  - CONSEQUENCES
KW  - constructing meaning
KW  - CONTACT
KW  - content
KW  - Disabilities
KW  - Disability
KW  - Dyslexia
KW  - Education
KW  - educational policy
KW  - Elementary Education
KW  - Emergent Literacy
KW  - English
KW  - equity
KW  - Ethnography
KW  - experiments
KW  - Family Literacy
KW  - FIELD
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - handbook
KW  - higher education
KW  - Information
KW  - instruction
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - IV
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Language
KW  - Latin America
KW  - Literacy
KW  - literacy education
KW  - literacy practices
KW  - Literature Reviews
KW  - MATTER
KW  - meaning
KW  - method
KW  - Methodology
KW  - methods
KW  - Motivation
KW  - multicultural perspective
KW  - Neurobiology
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - overview
KW  - PART
KW  - PERSPECTIVE
KW  - phonological awareness
KW  - POLICIES
KW  - Policy
KW  - practice
KW  - Protocol Analysis
KW  - Publication
KW  - Reader Response
KW  - Reading
KW  - reading difficulties
KW  - Reading Disabilities
KW  - reading disability
KW  - reading instruction
KW  - Reading Motivation
KW  - Reading Processes
KW  - reading research
KW  - Remedial Reading
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Role
KW  - Scholarship
KW  - Spelling
KW  - Standard
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - studies
KW  - Study
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Researchers
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Technology
KW  - TEXT
KW  - trends
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - varieties
KW  - Victoria
KW  - VIEW
KW  - VIEWS
KW  - VOLUME
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
N2  - A comprehensive overview of important contemporary issues in the field of reading research, this book presents 47 essays that examine literacy through a variety of lenses--some permitting microscopic views and others panoramic views. Essays in the book cover current methodology as well as cumulative research-based knowledge. Essays in Part I (Literacy Research Around the World) are: (1) "Reading Research in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand" (Ian A.G. Wilkinson, Peter Freebody, and John Elkins); (2) "Reading Research in the United Kingdom" (Colin Harrison); (3) "Education in Transition: Trends in Central and Eastern Europe" (Kurtis S. Meredith and Jeannie L. Steele); (4) "Literacy Research in Latin America" (Ileana Seda Santana); (5) "Trends in Reading Research in the United Gaffney and Richard C. Anderson). Essays in Part II (Methods of Literacy Research) are: (6) "Making Sense of Classroom Worlds: Methodology in Teacher Research" (James F. Baumann and Ann M. Duffy-Hester); (7) "Designing Programmatic Interventions" (Therese D. Pigott and Rebecca Barr); (8) "Undertaking Historical Research in Literacy" (E. Jennifer Monaghan and Douglas K. Hartman); (9) "Narrative Approaches" (Donna E. Alvermann); (10) "Critical Approaches" (Marjorie Siegel and Susana Laura Fernandez); (11) "Ethnographic Approaches to Literacy Research" (Susan Florio-Ruane and Mary McVee); (12) "Verbal Reports and Protocol Analysis" (Peter Afflerbach); (13) "A Case for Single-Subject Experiments in Literacy Research" (Susan Studies in Reading" (James Paul Gee); (15) "Research Syntheses: Making Sense of the Accumulation of Knowledge in Reading" (Timothy Shanahan). Essays in Part III (Literacy Processes) are: (16) "The Neurobiology of Reading and Reading Disability (Dyslexia)" (Bennett A. Shaywitz, Kenneth R. Pugh, Annette R. Jenner, Robert K. Fulbright, Jack M. Fletcher, John C. Gore, and Sally E. Shaywitz); (17) "Phonological and Lexical Processes" (Usha Goswami); (18) "Vocabulary Processes" (William E. Nagy and Judith A. Scott); (19) "Learning From Text: A Multidimensional and Developmental Perspective" (Patricia A. Alexander and Tamara L. Jetton); (20) "Structural Aspects of Constructing Meaning From Text" (Susan R. Goldman and John A. (Louise C. Wilkinson and Elaine R. Silliman); (22) "Children's Literature" (Lee Galda, Gwynne Ellen Ash, and Bernice E. Cullinan); (23) "Research on Response to Literature" (James Marshall); (24) "Engagement and Motivation in Reading" (John T. Guthrie and Allan Wigfield). Essays in Part IV (Literacy Practices) are: (25) "Emergent Literacy: A Matter (Polyphony) of Perspectives" (David B. Yaden, Jr., Deborah W. Rowe, and Laurie MacGillivray); (26) "Beginning Reading Instruction: Research on Early Interventions" (Elfrieda H. Hiebert and Barbara M. Taylor); (27) "Phonological Awareness" (Benita A. Blachman); (28) "Vocabulary Instruction" (Camille L. Z. Blachowicz and Peter Fisher); (29) "Spelling" (Shane Templeton and Darrell Instruction Of?" (Michael Pressley); (31) "Literature-Based Reading Instruction" (Lesley Mandel Morrow and Linda B. Gambrell); (32) "Integrated Literacy Instruction" (James R. Gavelek, Taffy E. Raphael, Sandra M. Biondo, and Danhua Wang); (33) "The Role of Text in Classroom Learning" (Suzanne E. Wade and Elizabeth B. Moje); (34) "Reading in the Content Areas: Social Constructivist Dimensions" (Thomas W. Bean); (35) "College Studying" (Sherrie L. Nist and Michele L. Simpson); (36) "Re-Mediating Reading Difficulties: Appraising the Past, Reconciling the Present, Constructing the Future" (Laura Klenk and Michael W. Kibby); (37) "Teacher Research in the Contact Zone" (Susan L. Lytle); (38) "Teaching Teachers to Teach Reading: Anders, James V. Hoffman, and Gerald G. Duffy); (39) "Literacy and Technology: Deictic Consequences for Literacy Education in an Information Age" (Donald J. Leu, Jr.); (40) "The Effects of Other Technologies on Literacy and Literacy Learning" (Michael L. Kamil, Sam M. Intrator, and Helen S. Kim). Essays in Part V (Literacy Policies) are: (41) "Second-Language Reading as a Case Study of Reading Scholarship in the 20th Century" (Elizabeth B. Bernhardt); (42) "Bilingual Children's Reading" (Georgia Earnest Garcia); (43) "A Multicultural Perspective on Policies for Improving Literacy Achievement: Equity and Excellence" (Kathryn H. Au); (44) "Family Literacy" (Victoria Purcell-Gates); (45) "Intergenerational Literacy Within the Relationship?" (Anne McGill-Franzen); (47) "Policy-Oriented Research on Literacy Standards and Assessment" (Sheila W. Valencia and Karen K. Wixson). (RS)
SN  - 0805823999
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2428
T1  - Informing Post-School Pathways: Investigating School Students' Authentic Work Experiences 97
A1  - Billett,Stephen
Y1  - 2006///
N1  - Publisher: National Centre for Vocational Education Research Ltd. P.O. Box 8288,: Stational Arcade, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Tel: +61-8-230-8400;: Fax: +61-8-212-3436; e-mail: ncver@ncver.edu.au; Web site: : http://www.ncver.edu.au/publications/index.html Language: English Publication Type: 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: ED494045 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - activity
KW  - Adult Education
KW  - And
KW  - Apprenticeships
KW  - Australia
KW  - Career
KW  - DECISION
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - DECISION-MAKING
KW  - discussion
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - Education Research
KW  - Education Work Relationship
KW  - English
KW  - Experience
KW  - experiences
KW  - Foreign Countries
KW  - intervention
KW  - INTERVENTIONS
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - Language
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - outcome
KW  - OUTCOMES
KW  - Part Time Employment
KW  - participation
KW  - PATHWAY
KW  - PATHWAYS
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publication
KW  - REALITY
KW  - Reflection
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - Role
KW  - School
KW  - school students
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Role
KW  - Teachers
KW  - UNDERSTAND
KW  - understanding
KW  - understandings
KW  - Vocational Education
KW  - Web
KW  - Work
KW  - Work Experience
KW  - WORLD
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JA  - National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER);
IS  - NCVER);;R);
N2  - The way school students understand work through their paid part-time work and participation in school-based apprenticeships has the potential to inform career decision making and further education pathways. Through classroom-based interventions this project sought to assist student's and teacher's understandings of 'authentic' work experiences. The role of the school and teachers in preparing students for vocational outcomes raises many issues, including the support and skills required to facilitate discussion and activities on the realities of the working world. Reflection upon work experiences, when directed effectively by teachers, enables students to critically appraise the world of work beyond school and post school pathways. (Contains 9 tables.)
SN  - 1921169346
AD  - Affiliation National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Leabrook (Australia)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2429
T1  - Practitioner Research and Professional Development in Education 110
A1  - Campbell,Anne
A1  - McNamara,Olwen
A1  - Gilroy,Peter
Y1  - 2004///
N1  - Publisher: Paul Chapman Publishing, a SAGE Publications Company, Customer Care,: 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243 (Toll: Free); Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665 (Toll Free); e-mail:: order@sagepub.com; Web site: http://www.paulchapmanpublishing.co.uk/ Language: English Publication Type: 010 Books; 050 Guides: General Accession Number: ED488754 Subfile: ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE)
KW  - Achievement
KW  - activity
KW  - AGENDA
KW  - alternative
KW  - Analysis
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - AREA
KW  - Audiences
KW  - Author
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - Book
KW  - Books
KW  - CARE
KW  - challenge
KW  - challenges
KW  - Coding
KW  - Communities
KW  - Community
KW  - complexity
KW  - context
KW  - contexts
KW  - Cooperation
KW  - critical
KW  - critical appraisal
KW  - CRITICAL-APPRAISAL
KW  - data
KW  - Data Analysis
KW  - DAY-TO-DAY
KW  - development
KW  - Diaries
KW  - E-Mail
KW  - Education
KW  - educational research
KW  - English
KW  - ethical considerations
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - EXAMPLE
KW  - Experience
KW  - form
KW  - friendship
KW  - GUIDE
KW  - GUIDES
KW  - identities
KW  - identity
KW  - Impact
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - inquiry
KW  - intervention
KW  - Interview
KW  - interviewing
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Into
KW  - investigation
KW  - ISSUES
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Literacy
KW  - Literature
KW  - Management
KW  - Mentor
KW  - Mentors
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Note
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - Observation
KW  - On
KW  - Performance
KW  - practitioners
KW  - Primary School
KW  - professional
KW  - Professional Development
KW  - professionals
KW  - progress
KW  - Publication
KW  - Publications
KW  - Publishing
KW  - qualitative
KW  - question
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - questions
KW  - Reading
KW  - Reflection
KW  - Reflective Teaching
KW  - reflective writing
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - research process
KW  - RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT
KW  - researchers
KW  - responsibilities
KW  - Responsibility
KW  - School
KW  - Searching
KW  - Skill
KW  - SKILLS
KW  - stories
KW  - SUPPORT
KW  - Teacher
KW  - Teacher Researchers
KW  - Teachers
KW  - Teaching
KW  - teaching experience
KW  - Technique
KW  - TERM
KW  - Web
KW  - WILL
KW  - Work
KW  - Writing
KW  - Writing for Publication
RP  - NOT IN FILE
JA  - Paul Chapman Publishing;
N2  - This book aims to support and prepare practitioners to undertake small-scale inquiries and research investigations. The processes of research and inquiry-based learning help teachers come to terms with the complexities and challenges of teaching as their responsibilities widen to include the notion of the teacher as researcher. This major shift in responsibilities has focused on teachers using and doing research, with a particular emphasis on examining how teachers' research can impact on teaching and learning. This emphasis is clearly related to the drive to raise pupil achievement and to related areas such as monitoring progress, performance management, inspection and collegia. The idea for this book grew from the authors' teaching experience and day-to-day professional work with teachers and others in the caring professions. The book aims to open up forms of research for practitioners so as to develop critical appraisal and analysis skills appropriate to professional contexts. It will suggest activities and give support for doing and evaluating teaching by using authentic examples of teachers research into professional issues. It aims to stimulate and promote teachers' narrative writing and autobiographical approaches to researching their professional lives. It also tackles quantitative data management and analysis procedures that are relevant for teachers and other professionals. Following a preface and foreword (Stephen Newman), this book is divided into the following sections: (1) "Research Traditions in Education" (Introduction; Two Crude Traditions; Two More Subtle Traditions; Reflecting Reflection; and Notes); (2) "Researching Professional Development" (The Political Context for Teacher Research and Development; Your Professional Development; Interrogating the Value of Professional Development Activities You Have Experienced; Controlling Your Professional Development; Teacher Researchers; and Further Reading); (3) "Professional Identity: Who Am I? What Kind of Practitioner Am I?" (The Moving Image; Exploring Your Professional Development; Telling Your Story; Summary; and Further Reading); (4) "Identifying an Area for Research" (Introduction; The First Moves; Individual Ways of Approaching Research; and Concluding Remarks); (5) "Finding, Reviewing and Managing Literature" (Types of Literature; Managing Literature; Searching for Literature; Reviewing Your Literature; and Further Reading); (6) "Which Research Techniques To Use?" (Research: What Research?; Reflective Writing, Diaries, Logs and Journals; Biography, Stories and Fictional Critical Writing; Observation; Interviewing; Analysing the Data from Interviews; Using Questionnaires; Conclusions; and Further Reading); (7) "Critical Friendship, Critical Community and Collaboration" (The Lonely Researcher?; How Does Critical Friendship Work?; Critical Community; Mentors as Support for Research; and Further Reading); (8) "Qualitative Data Analysis" (Introduction; The Broader Picture; Techniques for Analysing Qualitative Data; and Further Reading); (9) "Quantitative Data Management, Analysis and Presentation of Questionnaire Surveys" (Introduction; Data Management and Coding; Data Analysis; Data Presentation; and Further Reading); (10) "Writing Up, Reporting and Publishing Your Research" (Writing Up: Genres, Purposes and Audiences; Legal and Ethical Considerations; Writing for a Report; The Research Process; Writing for Publication; Using Literature; The Process of Writing; Pen-Portraits: An Alternative Genre of Writing; Concluding Remarks; and Further Reading); and (11) "Evaluating and Disseminating Research" (The Professional Agenda; The Mechanics of Evaluation; and Concluding Remarks). The following are also included: (1) "Resources for Research" (Harvard Referencing: Questions and Answers; Summary Report from the Friars Primary School: "Improving Literacy: Intervention for Low-Achieving Pupils"; and Further Reading); (2) References; and (3) Index
SN  - 0761974679
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2430
T1  - Differences between African American and Caucasian Students on Critical Thinking and Learning Style 163
A1  - Gadzella,Bernadette M.
A1  - Masten,William G.
A1  - Huang,Jiafen
Y1  - 1999///
N1  - Publisher: Project Innovation, Inc., P.O. Box 8508, Spring Hill Station, Mobile,: AL 36689-0508 (1 yr. subscription, $33) Language: English Publication Type: 080 Journal Articles; 143 Reports: Research Accession Number: EJ603590 Subfile: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE )
KW  - African American
KW  - African American college student
KW  - African Americans
KW  - AFRICAN-AMERICAN
KW  - AMERICAN-COLLEGE
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - And
KW  - appraisal
KW  - Article
KW  - Articles
KW  - Black Students
KW  - Caucasian
KW  - Cognitive Style
KW  - College
KW  - College Student
KW  - College Students
KW  - critical
KW  - Critical Thinking
KW  - DIFFERENCE
KW  - Education
KW  - English
KW  - higher education
KW  - INDEX
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - innovation
KW  - INVENTORY
KW  - Inventory of Learning Processes
KW  - journal
KW  - JOURNALS
KW  - Language
KW  - Learning
KW  - Learning Processes
KW  - learning style
KW  - NUMBER
KW  - On
KW  - PROJECT
KW  - Publication
KW  - Racial Factors
KW  - reports
KW  - Research
KW  - SCORE
KW  - Scores
KW  - Student
KW  - Students
KW  - STYLE
KW  - Thinking
KW  - Variance
KW  - Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal
KW  - White Students
RP  - NOT IN FILE
EP  - 42
JF  - College Student Journal
VL  - v33 n4 p538-42 Dec 1999
N2  - Fifty-two Caucasian and 51 African American college students completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal and the Inventory of Learning Processes. Analysis of variance indicated that Caucasian students had significantly higher mean scores on the total critical thinking score and on four subtest scores of critical thinking. There were no significant differences between groups on the learning style inventory. (Author/DB)
ER  - 
